____________________ .. ____________________ ____________________ .. ____________________ Computational Challenges in the Computational Challenges in the Simulation of Modern Electrical Power Simulation of Modern Electrical Power Systems Systems Roy Crosbie Roy Crosbie California State University, Chico California State University, Chico CICSyN 2010 Liverpool 28 July 2010
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____________________.. ____________________ Computational Challenges in the Simulation of Modern Electrical Power Systems Roy Crosbie California State.
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The research described in this presentation is based on the work of a research team at the McLeod Institute of Simulation Sciences at California State University, Chico, USA.
Team Members Richard Bednar, Professor EmeritusRoy Crosbie, Professor Emeritus and Institute DirectorNari Hingorani, Visiting Research ProfessorDale Word, Associate Professor, Electrical & Computer EngineeringJohn Zenor, Professor Emeritus
Financial support by the US Office of Naval Research is gratefully acknowledged
Why Real-Time?Simulation running at true speed allows connection to real hardwareHardware can be tested in absence of real systemPlant operators, pilots etc. can be trained under realistic conditions
Why High-Speed?For many systems frame times can be tens of milliseconds or longerSystems with fast dynamics or rapid switching need shorter frames Power electronic systems often need microsecond frame times
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____________________ .. ________________________________________ .. ____________________ Choice of TechnologyChoice of Technology
• Many real-time simulations use a real-time version of Linux running on a high-performance PC
• Operating system jitter (of the order of 10 μS) limits minimum frame time
• Higher-performance is possible from systems with Pentium or PowerPC based processors but only with custom designs
• Initial solution: arrays of digital signal processors inserted in PCI bus of conventional PC with Windows OS running on host – off-the-shelf components; no problems with OS jitter
The Need for The Need for Multi-RateMulti-RateReal-Time SimulationReal-Time Simulation
• CSU, Chico developed HSRT simulations with frame rates up to 2 MHz (500 nS frame times)
• These frame rates are needed for power electronic components but not for slower system components such as motors, mechanical components, thermal effects etc.
• Multi-rate real-time simulations simulate different subsystems at different frame-rates on different simulation platforms.
• The slower components are simulated in real-time using a commercial RTOS, often with Simulink support, for faster, cheaper model development.
• Multi-rate also improves performance of non real-time simulations.
• Multi-rate raises questions of stability and accuracy.18
Power System Networks:Power System Networks:New Technologies New Technologies
• Faster, cheaper computers– Embedded in equipment– Provide intelligence in the control loops
• Low-cost broadband communications– Greater volume of real-time data– Possibilities for decentralizing control
• Better power electronic controls – FACTS – Flexible AC Transmission Systems
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____________________ .. ________________________________________ .. ____________________ Future ResearchFuture Research
The GoalAutomatic global control for system-wide transient stability.
The NeedComputation to analyze the situation and compute necessary control actions, has to match the time-frame of current protection schemes (milliseconds).
“Whether this is possible with today’s technology is unknown. However, the goal is to determine what kind of communication-computation structure is needed to make this feasible.” (Bose)
Modern electric power systems provide research opportunities that synthesize the conference themes: computational intelligence, communication systems and networks