ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HK I - TIẾNG ANH 8 ĐỀ ÁN

Unit

7 POLLUTION

A THEORY: LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE

❶ PRONUNCIATION

Stress in words ending in –ic and –al (Trọng âm của từ có đuôi –ic và đuôi –al)

- Các từ có đuôi –ic luôn có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết ngay trước nó.

Word ending in -ic Transcription

artistic

elastic

electronic

specific

scientific

/ɑːˈtɪstɪk/

/ɪˈlæstɪk/

/ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/

/spəˈsɪfɪk/

/ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

– Các từ có đuôi –al không thay đổi trọng âm so với từ gốc .

Root word Transcription Word ending in -at Transcription

music /'mjuːzɪk/ musical /'mjuːzɪkəl/

logic /ˈlɒdʒɪk/ logical /ˈlɒdʒɪkəl/

nation /ˈneɪʃən/ national /ˈneɪʃənəl/

chemistry /'kemɪstri/ chemical /'kemɪkəl/

practice /'præktɪs/ practical /'præktɪkəl/

❷ VOCABULARY

ENGLISH TYPE PRONUNCIATION VIETNAMESE

acid rain n /æsɪd reɪn/ mưa axit

advertising billboard n /ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ ˈbɪlbɔːd/ biển quảng cảo

affect v /əˈfekt/ gây ảnh hưởng

air pollution n /eər pəˈluːʃn/ ô nhiễm không khí

WEEK 1

almost adv /ˈɔːlməʊst/ hầu như

aquatic adj /əˈkwætɪk/ sống ở dưới nước

atmosphere n /ˈætməsfɪər/ bầu không khí

behaviour n /bɪˈheɪvjər/ hành vi

believe v /bɪˈliːv/ tin tưởng

birth defect n /bɜːθ ˈdiːfekt/ khuyết tật bẩm sinh

blood pressure n /blʌd ˈpreʃər/ huyết áp

breathing problem n /ˈbriːðɪŋ ˈprɒbləm/ vấn đề thở

change v /tʃeɪndʒ/ thay đổi, sự thay đổi

chemical adj /ˈkemɪkəl/ thuộc hóa học

come up with v /kʌm ʌp wɪð/ nghĩ ra

complain v /kəmˈpleɪn/ phàn nàn

contain v /kənˈteɪn/ chứa đựng

contaminant n /kənˈtæmɪnənt/ chất gây ô nhiễm

contamination n /kəntæmɪˈneɪʃn/ sự ô nhiễm

continue v /kənˈtɪnjuː/ tiếp tục

damage v, n /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ phả hủy, sự phá hoại, tổn thất

dead n /ded/ chết

decrease v /dɪˈkriːs/ làm giảm

die v /daɪ/ chết

dirty adj /ˈdɜːti/ bẩn thỉu

discharge v, n /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ sự dỡ hàng, sự tháo ra

disease n /dɪˈziːz/ bệnh tật

dramatic adj /drəˈmætɪk/ nghiêm trọng

dump v /dʌmp/ đổ, vứt bỏ

dust n /dʌst/ bụi

earth’s surface n /ɜːθ ˈsɜːfɪs/ bề mặt trái đất

environmental adj /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl/ thuộc môi trường

expose v /ɪkˈspəʊz/ tiếp xúc

factory n /ˈfæktəri/ nhà máy

float v /fləʊt/ nổi

fume n /fjuːm/ khói thải

gas n /ɡæs/ khí, dầu xăng

give presentation v /ɡɪv prezənˈteɪʃən/ thuyết trình

global warming n /ˈɡləʊbəl ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ sự nóng lên toàn cầu

ground water n /ɡraʊnd ˈwɔːtər/ nước ngầm

harmful adj /ˈhɑːmfəl/ có hại

hearing loss n /ˈhɪərɪŋ lɒs/ sự mất khả năng nghe

herbicide n /ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd/ thuốc diệt cỏ

home village n /həʊm ˈvɪlɪdʒ/ quê nhà

household n, adj /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ hộ gia đình, thuộc gia đình

illustrate v /ˈɪləstreɪt/ minh họa

industrial adj /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/ thuộc về công nghiệp

issue n /ˈɪʃuː/ vấn đề

land/soil pollution n /lænd/sɔɪl pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm đất

lead to v /lɪːd tuː/ dẫn tới

light pollution n /laɪt pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm ánh sáng

litter v /lɪtər/ xả rác, rác

noise pollution n /nɔɪz pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm tiếng ồn

occur v /əˈkɜːr/ xảy ra

ocean n /ˈəʊʃən/ đại dương

overhead adj /ˈəʊvəhed/ ở trên đầu

pattern n /ˈpætən/ kiểu mẫu, gương mẫu

poison n /ˈpɔɪzən/ chất độc

poisonous adj /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ có độc, nhiễm độc

polluted adj /pəˈluːtɪd/ bị ô nhiễm

pollution n /pəˈluːʃən/ sự ô nhiễm

radiation n /reɪdɪˈeɪʃən/ phóng xạ

radioactive pollution n /reɪdiəʊˈæktɪv pəˈluːʃən / ô nhiễm phóng xạ

recycle v /riːˈsaɪkl/ tái chế

reduction n /rɪˈdʌkʃən/ sự rút gọn, sự giảm

renewable adj /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ làm mới được, tái sinh được

resident n /ˈrezɪdənt/ cư dân

result In phr.v /rɪˈzʌlt ɪn/ dẫn tới, gây ra

river n /rɪvər/ dòng sông

rubbish n /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ rác thải

serious adj /ˈsɪəriəs/ nghiêm trọng

sneeze v /sniːz/ hắt hơi

spill v /spɪl/ làm tràn, làm đổ

stream n /ˈstriːm/ dòng suối

surprise v, n /səˈpraɪz/ sự ngạc nhiên

telephone pole n /ˈtelɪfəʊn pəʊl/ cột điện thoại

thermal pollution n /ˈθɜːməl pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm nhiệt

throw v /θrəʊ/ ném, vứt

tiny species n /ˈtaɪni ˈspiːʃiːz/ những sinh vật nhỏ

untidy adj /ʌn ˈtaɪdi/ lôi thôi, lếch thếch

vehicle n /ˈviːɪkl/ phương tiện giao thông

visual pollution n /ˈvɪʒuəl pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm tầm nhìn

waste n /weɪst/ chắt thải

water pollution n /ˈwɔːtər pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm nước

weed n /wiːd/ cỏ dại

❸ GRAMMAR

1. Conditional sentences type 1

Câu điều kiện loại I

Câu điều kiện loại 1 được dùng để diễn tả điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

Cấu trúc:

Nói cách khác, ở câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng thì hiện tại đơn, mệnh đề chính dùng thì tương

lai đơn.

Ví dụ:

If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

Nếu bạn học chăm chỉ, bạn sẽ vượt qua kì thi.

If it is cool, I will go fishing.

Nếu trời mát, tôi sẽ đi câu cá.

2. Conditional sentences type 2

Câu điều kiện loại II được dùng để diễn tả điều không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

If + S + Vs/es, S + will + V

Cấu trúc:

Ví dụ:

If I were a bird, I would be very happy.

Nếu tôi là một con chim, tôl sẽ rất hạnh phúc.

If I had a million USD, I would buy that house.

Nếu tôi có một triệu đô la, tôi sẽ mua căn nhà đó.

Tóm tắt 2 loại câu điều kiện:

Type Forms Usage

1 lf + S + V(s, es), S + will/ can... +V Điều có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại

ở tương lai

2 If + S + V2/ Ved, S + would/ could/

should... + V

Điều không thể xảy ra ở hiện

tại ở tương lai

B PRACTICE

Exercise 1: Choose the word which has different stress position.

1. A. alphabetic B. dynamic C. systematic D. electronic

2. A. relic B. critic C. classic D. magnetic

3. A. electric B. linguistic C. magic D. acetic

4. A. kinetic B. realistic C. toxic D. political

5. A. economic B. botanic C. cosmetic D. specific

6. A. directional B. special C. denial D. arrival

7. A. rational B. conical C. approval D. practical

8. A. chemical B. additional C. abnormal D. intentional

9. A. logical B. central C. critical D. analytical

10. A. sensational B. conventional C. victuals D. contaminant

Exercise 2: Mark the stress position of the words in the box. Number 1 is an example for you.

Words Words

1. intentional 6. canal

2. national 7. journalistic

If + S + Ved, S + would + V

Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, ở mệnh đề “IF”, động từ “to be” chuyển

thành “were/was” cho tất cả các ngôi.

Chú ý:

3. clinic 8. microscopic

4. comic 9. international

5. curricular 10. historic

Exercise 3: Look at the picture and put the correct types of pollution under it.

light pollution soil pollution

radioactive pollution air pollution

noise pollution visual pollution

water pollution thermal pollution

1. ....................................................... 2. .......................................................

3. ....................................................... 4. .......................................................

5. ....................................................... 6. .......................................................

7. ....................................................... 8. .......................................................

Exercise 4: Match the word/ phrase with the correct definition.

No. Term Opt. Definition

1. acid rain A the increase In temperature of the earth’s

atmosphere, that is caused by the increase of

particular gases, especially carbon dioxide

2. stream B a substance that causes death or harm if it is

swallowed or absorbed into the body

3. light pollution C rain that contains harmful chemicals from factory

gases and that damages trees, crops and buildings

4. contamination D things that you throw away because you no longer

want or need them

5. global warming E the process or fact of making a substance or place dirty

or no longer pure by adding a substance that is

dangerous or carries disease

6. noise pollution F the mass of salt water that covers most of the earth’s

surface

7. ocean G the existence of too much artificial light in the

environment, for example from street lights, which

makes it difficult to see the stars

8. poison H harmful or annoying levels of noise, as from airplanes,

industry, etc.

9. reduction I a small narrow river

10. rubbish J an act of making something less or smaller the state of

being made less or smaller

Your answer:

1. .............. 2. .............. 3. .............. 4. .............. 5. ..............

6. .............. 7. .............. 8. .............. 9. .............. 10. ..............

Exercise 5: Put the verbs in brackets: Conditional sentence type I or type II. (1)

1. If you come with me, I (do) ............................ the shopping with you.

2. Jimmy (help) ............................ his mother in the garden if she reads him a story this evening.

3. If it (ran) ............................, I will stay at home.

4. Our teacher will be happy if we (learn) ............................ the poem by heart.

5. If they had enough money, they (buy) ............................ a new car.

6. We (pass) ............................ the exam if we studied harder.

7. If Pat (repair) ............................ his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us.

8. She would get 100 pounds if she (sell) ............................ this old shelf.

9. If I were you, I (invite) ............................ Jack to the party.

10. If the weather (be) ............................ fine, the children can walk to school.

Exercise 6: Put the verbs in brackets: Conditional sentence type I or type II. (2)

1. If Tracy had a mobile phone, she (phone) ............................ all her friends.

2. I will be very angry with Nick if he (forget) ............................ my CD again.

3. If the boys win this match, their coach (invite) ............................ them to a barbecue.

4. If you (not/ read) ............................ these articles, you will not know the facts about Africa.

5. You (get) ............................ very wet if you walked in this rain.

6. The engine (not/ start) ............................ if Ben connected these two cables.

7. If he (have) ............................ time, he will buy her some sweets.

8. Maria would play in the school orchestra if she (practice) ............................ the trumpet more often.

9. We (not/ fetch) ............................ something to drink if Jim does not bring some sandwiches.

10. If he (carry) ............................ the rucksack, I would pull the suitcase.

Exercise 7: Choose the correct answers. (1)

1. ................. more help, I could call my neighbor.

A. Needed B. Should I need C. I have needed D. I should need

2. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people ................. the same language?

A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak

3. if you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, ................. this incident again.

A. I will never mention B. I never mention

C. will I never mention D. I don’t mention

4. Unless you ................. all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you.

A. answered B. answer C. would answer D. are answering

5. If someone ................. into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”

A. comes B. came C. would come D. could come

6. “Here’s my phone number”.

“Thanks. I’ll give you a call if I ................. some help tomorrow”

A. will need B. need C. would need D. needed

7. If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I ................. in a bank.

A. work B. will work

C. have worked D. would be working

8. The death rate would decrease if hygienic conditions ................. improved.

A. was B. is C. were D. had been

9. The patient could not recover unless he ................. an operation.

A. had undergone B. would undergo C. underwent D. was undergoing

10. If she ................. him, she would be very happy.

A. would meet B. will meet C. is meeting D. should meet

Exercise 8: Choose the correct answers. (2)

1. If I had enough money, I ................. abroad to improve my English.

A. will go B. would go

C. should go D. should have go to

2. The bench would collapse if they ................. on it.

A. stood B. stand C. standing D. stands

3. If it ................. convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.

A. be B. is C. was D. were

4. If you ................. time, please write to me.

A. have B. had C. have had D. has

5. I shouldn’t go there at night if I ................. you.

A. am B. was C. be D. were

6. If I ................. get a pole, I will go fishing.

A. can B. could C. may D. might

7. If you had the chance, ................. you go fishing?

A. did B. may C. would D. do

8. If you a................. choice, which country would you visit?

A. have B. had C. have had D. will have

9. She will accept the offer ................. you persuade her.

A. unless B. because C. provided that D. otherwise

10. ................. he would accompany you on the piano.

A. Supposing he were here B. Because he were here

C. Were he here D. Both A and C

Exercise 9: Choose the incorrect part. (1)

1. If we meet at 9:30, we would have plenty of time.

A B C D

2. If you find a skeleton in the cellar, not to mention it to anyone.

A B C D

3. If you passes your examination, we will have a celebration.

A B C D

4. Lisa would find the milk if she look for it in the fridge.

A B C D

5. What would happen if I press this button?

A B C D

6. The door will be unlock if you press the green button.

A B C D

7. If you go to Paris, where you will stay?

A B C D

8. If you swim in this lake, you’ll shiver of cold.

A B C D

9. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you would you choosing?

A B C D

10. The flight may to be cancelled if the fog gets thick.

A B C D

Exercise 10: Choose the incorrect part. (2)

1. If the milkman conies, tell him to be leave two pints.

A B C D

2. I will call the office if I were you.

A B C D

3. Someone will sits on your glasses if you leave them there.

A B C D

4. You would hear my explanation if you did not talked so much.

A B C D

5. Which will I do if I hear the burglar alarm?

A B C D

6. I would repair the roof myself if I have a long ladder, but I don’t have.

A B C D

7. Unless they turn that radio off, I will going mad.

A B C D

8. If you were made redundantly, what would you do?

A B C D

9. We’ll have a long way to walking if we run out of petrol here.

A B C D

10. If you spoke louderly, your classmates would understand you.

A B C D

Exercise 1: Listen and write the headings for each paragraph. (Track 14)

CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION

Paragraph 1: ..........................................................................................................

Paragraph 2: ..........................................................................................................

Paragraph 3: ..........................................................................................................

Paragraph 4: ..........................................................................................................

Paragraph 5: ..........................................................................................................

Exercise 2: Listen and complete the text. (Track 15)

Solution to air pollution

Most people agree that to curb global warming, a variety of (1) .................. need to be taken. On a personal

level, driving and flying less, recycling, and conservation reduces a person’s “carbon footprint” - the

amount of carbon dioxide a person is (2) .................. for putting into the atmosphere.

On a larger scale, governments are taking measures to limit (3) ....................... of carbon dioxide and other

greenhouse gases. The Paris Agreement, a voluntary agreement among 118 nations ratified on November

4, 2016, is one effort being enacted on a global scale to combat (4) .................. change. As a part of the

agreement, each country agreed to take measures to combat climate change, with the ultimate goal of

keeping the post- industrial global temperature rise below two degrees Celsius. Another method is to put

taxes on carbon emissions or higher taxes on gasoline, so that individuals and (5) .................. will have

greater incentives to conserve energy and pollute less.

Exercise 3: Read and put the headings into the correct paragraphs. (There is one extra)

1. Effect on health of humans

2. Effect on growth of plants

3. Decreased soil fertility

4. Toxic dust

5. Changes in temperature

6. Changes in soil structure

Effects of Soil Pollution

1. ........................................................... : Considering how soil is the reason we are able to sustain

ourselves, the contamination of it has major consequences on our health. Crops and plants grown on

polluted soil absorb much of the pollution and then pass these on to us. This could explain the sudden

surge in small and terminal illnesses.

2. ........................................................... : The ecological balance of any system gets affected due to the

widespread contamination of the soil. Most plants are unable to adapt when the chemistry of the soil

changes so radically in a short period of time. Fungi and bacteria found in the soil that bind it together

begin to decline, which creates an additional problem of soil erosion.

3. ........................................................... : The toxic chemicals present in the soil can decrease soil fertility

and therefore decrease in the soil yield. The contaminated soil is then used to produce fruits and

WEEK 2

vegetables which lacks quality nutrients and may contain some poisonous substance to cause serious

health problems in people consuming them.

4. ........................................................... : The emission of toxic and foul gases from landfills pollutes the

environment and causes serious effects on health of some people. The unpleasant smell causes

inconvenience to other people.

5. ........................................................... : The death of many soil organisms (e.g. earthworms) in the soil

can lead to alteration in soil structure. Apart from that, it could also force other predators to move to other

places in search of food.

Exercise 4: Read and answer the questions.

Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water

resource policy at all levels. It has been suggested that water pollution is the leading worldwide cause of

deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. An estimated

580 people in India die of water pollution related illness every day. About 90 percent of the water in the

cities of China is polluted. As of 2007, half a billion Chinese had no access to safe drinking water. In

addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, developed countries also

continue to struggle with pollution problems. For example, in the most recent national report on water

quality in the United States, 44 percent of assessed stream miles, 64 percent of assessed lake acres, and 30

percent of assessed bays and estuarine square miles were classified as polluted. The head of China’s

national development agency said in 2007 that one quarter the length of China’s seven main rivers were so

poisoned the water harmed the skin.

Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants and either

does not support a human use, such as drinking water, or undergoes a marked shift in its ability to support

its constituent biotic communities, such as fish. Natural phenomena such as volcanoes, algae blooms,

storms, and earthquakes also cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water.

1. What is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases?

.........................................................................................................................................

2. How many people die every day by water pollution?

.........................................................................................................................................

3. How many percent of the water in the cities of China is polluted?

.........................................................................................................................................

5. What phenomena cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water?

.........................................................................................................................................

Exercise 5: Look at the picture, answer the questions. Then practise asking and answering

questions in oral speech.

1. What kind of vehicles are on the road?

.........................................................................................................................................

2. Are there many vehicles on the road?

.........................................................................................................................................

3. What are the people doing?

.........................................................................................................................................

4. Is this city polluted or fresh?

.........................................................................................................................................

5. Do you like living in this city? Why?

.........................................................................................................................................

Exercise 6: Describe the picture in front of the class. (oral presentation)

Exercise 7: Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown.

1. I didn’t have an umbrella with me so I got wet.

I wouldn’t ........................................................................................................................

2. I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone.

Unless ..............................................................................................................................

3. In the snowy weather we don’t go to school.

If ......................................................................................................................................

4. Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move this table.

If ......................................................................................................................................

5. You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep.

If you ...............................................................................................................................

6. Make me some coffee, and I’ll give you some sweets.

If ......................................................................................................................................

7. If you hadn’t told me about Sue’s hair, I wouldn’t have noticed her.

Unless ..............................................................................................................................

8. If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 8 00.

Should .............................................................................................................................

Exercise 8: Rewrite the following sentences starting with if.

1. He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.

If ......................................................................................................................................

2. She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.

If ......................................................................................................................................

3. He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.

If ......................................................................................................................................

4. He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.

If ......................................................................................................................................

5. She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.

If ......................................................................................................................................

6. He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy.

If ......................................................................................................................................

7. Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.

If ......................................................................................................................................

8. Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.

If ......................................................................................................................................

9. I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.

If ......................................................................................................................................

10. I don’t buy that book because I don’t have enough money. If ......................................................................................................................................