© ChemTAG AS Proprietary Information All Rights Reserved rt of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG ChemTAG as a Norwegian Bio-Tech Company ChemTAG works to safeguard life, environment and property by carrying out services for marking, tracing and secure identification of substances
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© ChemTAG AS
Proprietary Information
All Rights Reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
ChemTAG as
a Norwegian Bio-Tech Company
ChemTAG works to safeguardlife, environment and property
by carrying out servicesfor marking, tracing
and secure identificationof substances
© ChemTAG AS
Proprietary Information
All Rights Reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
C-TAG shows the Origin
Illegal useIllegal useLeakageLeakage
SecuritySecurity
LogisticsLogistics
Piracy CopyingPiracy Copying
FraudFraud
Source of pollutionSource of pollution
Tracing Liquid FlowsTracing Liquid Flows
CounterfeitingCounterfeiting
TheftTheft
© ChemTAG AS
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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
Market Focus and Priorities
Water Related Applications - Being commercialised
Petroleum Reservoir Optimisation - Technology being developed
Marine Oil Transportation - Technology under development
Being evaluated:
Materials and Components
Explosives
Currently not exploited:
Capital Goods, Brand Protection, Food & Beverages (lisence granted)
© ChemTAG AS
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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
Det Norske Veritas
Bergesen dy ASA
Norw. Industrial & Regional Dev.Fund
Ås Science Park AS
Professor Peter Aleström
Major shareholders in ChemTAG
© ChemTAG AS
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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
Tracing and identification of oils
• Air surveillance (pollution only)
• Chemical fingerprinting of oil samples
• Active tagging
• Others
* Lloyds List December 14th 1999
Available methods:
© ChemTAG AS
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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
Important properties for oil tracersImportant properties for oil tracers• Cost effective
• Robust
• Large coding capacity
• Environmentally safe
• Simple analysis
• Detectable in molecular concentrations
• Compatible with product
• No possible falsification
• Not harmful to tagged product
© ChemTAG AS
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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
Synthetic DNA tag / C-TAGTM
A – T
G – C
T – A
C – G
ds–DNA
© ChemTAG AS
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All Rights Reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG ASChemTag
© ChemTAG AS
Proprietary Information
All Rights Reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG ASChemTag
© ChemTAG AS
Proprietary Information
All Rights Reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
Marker / tracerdesign
&production
CodeBank
Laboratoryanalysis
&identification
Markers /tracers
SamplesReports &certificates
CustomerApplication
Core Products and Services
© ChemTAG AS
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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
Typical procedure for tagging
Concentrated DNA(dry or in water)
1 litre diesel
30 litres of diesel(injection tank)Proper solvent
for DNA and diesel
Injection during loading
© ChemTAG AS
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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
Tag application during bunkering
Heavy fuel
30 lDiesel
© ChemTAG AS
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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
Tag application in diesel - shore terminal
Diesel Shore-tank
100 l tankColor-Marker
TO SHIP
40 PPMAutomaticinjection
C-TAG
© ChemTAG AS
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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
Analysis of DNA in oil
InitialOil sample
Extraction of DNA DNA in
Water
Purification /Cleaning
PurifiedDNA in Water
PCR/Sequencing
© ChemTAG AS
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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
Oil systems and sources of pollution from ship operation
Water with concentration of oil <15ppm
Ballast water with concentration of oil <15ppm
Fuel oil systemEngine room
Cargo tanks and segregated/combinated ballast tanks
Lube oil system
Bilge wells
Sludge Sludge from separation of lube oil an fuel oil
Used lube oil
driptray
Manifold for loading of cargo and bunkers
loading hose
Exhaust from incinerator, burning of sludge
cargo oil
cargo oilloaded on top ofthe next lading
Delivered ashoreBilge water, sludge, used lube oil and oily ballast water
Used lube oilburned as fuel
Schnitler, 1995
© ChemTAG AS
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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
Estimates of oil annually entering the marine environmentShipping Only
SCOURCE EMISSION EMISSION 1997 (tonnes/yr) (%)
Bilge and Fuel Oil
- Machinery Space Bilges 64 400 11.3
- Fuel Oil Sludge 186 800 32.9
- Oil Ballast from Fuel Oil Tanks 1 400 0.2
Subtotal 252 600 44.4
Operational Discharge of Oil Cargo from Tankers 158 600 27,9
Accidental Spillage 121 000 21.2
Marine Terminals (eg. Bunker Operations) 30 000 5.3
Dry Docking 4 000 0.7
Scrapping of Ships 2 600 0.5
Grand Total 568 800 100
© ChemTAG AS
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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
Oil Transportation
RefineryProduction
ProductTankers
Shore terminal/ Bunker barge
Land Transport Delivery
Sludge
Bunkerconsumption
DNVfk
Bunker sample
© ChemTAG AS
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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
ENV. POLLUTION - Voluntary market - Mandatory market
THEFT AND LOSS - Quantity control - Insurance - Legal matters
BRAND NAME PROTECTION / SAFETYAND RELIABILITY - Producer - Transporter /safety of operation
VERIFICATIONS OF SAMPLES - Quality control - Contamination
APPLICATION AREAS
© ChemTAG AS
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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
Marketing and Sales
Code Bank and Translation System
Consultancy Services (e.g. Expert Witnessing)
Tag
Des
ign
Sam
ple
Tak
ing
Lab
ora
tory
An
alys
isR
epo
rt a
nd
Cer
tifi
cate
Syn
thes
is o
f T
ags
Kit
Fo
rmu
lati
on
Ap
plic
atio
n K
it
Fo
rm.
Ap
plic
atio
nR
efer
ence
S
amp
ling
Ver
ific
atio
n o
f R
ef.
Sam
ple
Tra
nsp
ort
atio
n
R&D
QA System
The Service Value Chain
© ChemTAG AS
Proprietary Information
All Rights Reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
© ChemTAG AS
Proprietary Information
All Rights Reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
INTERTANKO*
• Very positive to system tracing illegal discharges at sea
• Pressing for mandatory international IMO-system
• Proposing “one ship one fingerprint” direct link to IMO number
• System must be absolute reliable
• Prefers DNA-technology
• Final assessment when concrete proposal available
* Lloyds List December 14th 1999
© ChemTAG AS
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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
Oil Spills and US Criminal Charges
• 1990: - 80% of criminal charges against companies
- considered as operational costs• 2000: - 75% of criminal charges against individuals• Affecting individuals willingness of co-operation with
authorities (EPA,DOS)• Altering companies internal investigations “policy”• Scope of investigations should:
- assess company liability
- protect employees rights (knowingly violated laws or
acted in good faith)• Improving self-policing
© ChemTAG AS
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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording without prior written consent of ChemTAG AS
Why oil tagging in the shipping industry?
• Protection from incorrect allegations (spills, discharges, etc)
• Documentation of theft, loss and tampering (bunker and cargo)
• Preventive effects (illegal discharges, theft, loss)
• Improved documentation of bunker deliveries and quality
• Strengthen industry reputation
• Reduced insurance fees in the long run (?)
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