台科大機械系 c 程式語言第二次演講

Matthew Chiu May 20, 2015

手機 平板 大屏幕手機與程式設計

Myself

• Professional Experience – Program Manager, Innovation & Research Center, HTC Taipei

– Graduate Researcher, Intel, USA

– Staff Engineer, Sun Microsystem, USA

• Education – Ph.D., Computer Engineering, Boston University

– M.S., Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California

Agenda

• How smartphones have changed our life

• Smartphone history

• Hardware overview

• Software overview

• Future trend

How smartphones change our world

• Let’s start with a date

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXzqQJcdr4g

• Before & After……

How smartphones have changed our life

Who remembered more than three numbers? Who remembered your parents/brother number?

How smartphones have changed our life

How smartphones have changed our life

How smartphones have changed our life

How smartphones have changed our life

Forget your phone

• It may be Good; it may be Bad. It is just here.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OINa46HeWg8

Are you addicted to smartphones?

Are you addicted to smartphone?

Are you addicted to smartphone?

Smartphone addiction

Source: http://www.searchcowboys.com/mobile/1950

Phone evolution

1st generation: cell phone

1st generation: cell phone

• Period: From 1980s to 2000

• Analog based mobile network

• No data communication, only SMS

• Heavy and bulky handset

• Targeted only for the business and for

• special segment

2nd generation: feature phone

2nd generation: feature phone

• Period: From ~2000 to 2007

• Mobile phone for the mass people

• Relatively slow data connection/ Internet usage by phone

• Various kinds of handsets

• Handset development environment is relatively closed

3rd generation: smartphone

3rd generation: smartphone

• Period: ~2007 ~Now

• Higher speed data network

• Many new entrants to mobile handset industry, such as Google and Apple

• Industry structure revolution

• Additional features: Apple Pay, Google Wallet

Moore’s law to driver IC technology

• In 1965, Gordon Moore, In 1965, Intel co-founder, observed that the transistor density doubles every 18 months.

• Will it still be valid? • If not, what happened? • What component doesn’t follow?

Source: http://www.intel.com

iPhone6 tear down

iPhone 6 PCB (front side)

Apple A8 APL1011 SoC + SK Hynix RAM

6-axis Gyroscope and Accelerometer Combo

LTE Modem

iPhone 6 PCB (back side)

Wi-Fi/BT/FM Radio

16GB NAND flash

GSM/CDMA/W-CDMA/LTE Receiver

Power IC

Hardware key part

• Platform: Processor + Sensor hub

• Memory/Storage

• Connectivity: 2G/3G/4G, Wi-Fi, BT/BLE, GPS

• Cover glass

• Display (AMOLED vs. LCD)

• Touch (Resistance vs. Capacitance)

• Camera (Front & Main) & Flash-light (single vs. dual)

• Sensor: Accelerometer, Gyro, E-compass, Barometer,

• Optical sensor: Ambient light & Proximity sensor, Infra-ray (IR),Finger-print, HR

• Speaker & Microphone

• NFC (Apply-Pay) & Touch ID (finger-print)

• RF & Antenna

• Vibrator

• Battery/Wireless charger

iPhone6 material cost (estimated)

http://www.techinsights.com/teardown.com/apple-iphone-6/

Application processor

• ARM – RISC architecture

– Power efficient

– Design solution provider

• Main player – Qualcomm(高通)

– MTK (聯發科)

– Spectrum (展訊)

– Samsung

• Intel – CISC

– It’s too late….

http://technews.tw/2013/07/08/qualcomm-lost-marketshare-in-china

Connectivity --- GPS

• Global Positioning System (GPS) – 24 satellites

• Other GPS systems – GLONASS from Russia

– Beidou from China

– Galileo from EU

• 3G/Wi-Fi/Map to aid GPS (AGPS)

• ~10 meter accuracy

• Power hungry

Location-based service with GPS, Wi-Fi & BT

• Geo-fencing

• Indoor Positioning – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUIqfjpInxY

– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qELko9yto8A

• Traffic: crowd sourcing

• Push advertisement to you

Display (OLED vs. LCD)

OLED vs. LCD

• Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED)

• LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

• Advantages – Brighter, clearer picture

– More efficient viewing angle

– Thinner, lighter in weight

– Low powered

– Can be printed on various surfaces (flexible)

• Dis-advantage – Expensive

– Image sticking

– Color saturation (too much)

Retina display

• Brand names used by Apple for screens that have a higher pixel density than their previous models

• Refer to pixel density or pixel per inch (PPI)

• PPI – Retina HD display (401 PPI, iPhone 6 plus)

– Retina display (326 PPI, iPhone 6/iPhone 5)

• Display resolution – 4K2K (3840 x 2160)

– FHD (1920 x 1080)

– HD (1280 x 720)

– WVGA (800 x 480)

Touch screen

• An electronic visual display that locates the

coordinates of a users touch within display area

• Works independently of what is being displayed on screen

• Touch technology • Resistive • Capacitive

Resistive touch screens

• Voltage in circuit changes based on position

• Controller determines location based on voltages

• Any material can trigger sensors

Source: http://www.icyte.com/system/snapshots/fs1/0/c/d/7/0cd75b21b4fc07d1d6161c891748efc64b01cca0/index.html

Source: http://www.icyte.com/system/snapshots/fs1/0/c/d/7/0cd75b21b4fc07d1d6161c891748efc64b01cca0/index.html

• Touch draws minute amount of current creating voltage drop

• Coordinates of point of contact calculated by controller

Resistive vs. Capacitive

• Resistive – Cost & Power effective

– Only single touch

– Activated by any object

– Only 75% light transmission

• Capacitive (main stream) – Allow multiple touch

– Very accurate

– Good optical quality

– Triggered only by bare finger or active stylus

Sensor

Sensing environment

Interpreting data

Making decisions

Finger-Print

• Product overview

– Authentec acquired by Apple on July, 2012.

– Swipe and on-touch solutions

– Under-glass implementation

– ITO (transparent) solution

• Benefit/Application

– Identity unlock (including multi-user login)

– Quick app launch/unlock

– Payment security

More on sensor technology

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AvYR549kZs0

Smartphone OS

• Google Android – Open source mobile OS developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google. Based on Linux 2.6 kernel (written in Linux, C/C++, Java)

• Apple iOS – Apple’s proprietary mobile OS, iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad. Derived from OS X, very UNIX like (written in Object-C).

• Microsoft Windows Phone (written in C/C++)

• Blackberry OS – RIM (Research in Motion), proprietary OS

• Symbian – acquired by Nokia 2008

• Tizen: Samsung

Major players (Android vs. iOS)

Source: http://9to5google.com/2014/04/30/android-grows-to-almost-60-us-smartphone-marketshare-in-q1-as-ios-drops/

Android Naming Rule

• All releases were named with “Dessert”

• Android 1.5 Cupcake (紙杯蛋糕) in 2009

• Android 1.6 Donut (甜甜圈)

• Android 2.0/2.1 Éclair (閃電泡芙)

• Android 2.2 Froyo (霜凍優格)

• Android 2.3 Gingerbread (薑餅)

• Android 3.0 Honeycomb (蜂巢)

• Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (冰淇淋三明治)

• Android 4.1/4.2/4.3 Jelly Bean (雷根糖)

• Android 4.4 key Lime Pine/KitKat (奇巧)

• Android 5.0 Lollipop (棒棒糖) in 10/15/2014

• Android Wear for wearable devices

Android SW Stack

Source: http://www.edureka.co/blog/beginners-guide-android-architecture/

TIOBE Index for October 2014

http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/index.html

TIOBE Index for October 2014 (Cont.)

The TIOBE Programming Community index is an indicator of the popularity of programming languages. The index is updated once a month. The ratings are based on the number of skilled engineers world-wide, courses and third party vendors. Popular search engines such as Google, Bing, Yahoo!, Wikipedia, Amazon, YouTube and Baidu are used to calculate the ratings. It is important to note that the TIOBE index is not about the best programming language or the language in which most lines of code have been written.

http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/index.html

Wearable World

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrqZl2QIz0c

Future

• Small, Fast, and Long

• Big Data (cloud computing)

• Internet of Thing (IoT) – Wearable https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shirth1OjRE

– Fitness

– Healthcare

Q & A

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