基基基基基 Bureau of Capital Construction, CAS 1 22/6/17 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS 1 22/6/17 1 22/6/17 Yongqin Liu, Yongqin Liu, Tandong Yao, Shichang Kang, Baiq Tandong Yao, Shichang Kang, Baiq in Xu in Xu Bacterial Diversity in the Tibetan Plateau Bacterial Diversity in the Tibetan Plateau Glaciers and their Relationship with Glaciers and their Relationship with Environmental and Climate Change Environmental and Climate Change
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基本建设局 Bureau of Capital Construction, CAS 1 2015-10-11 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS 1 2015-10-11 投资处 1 2015-10-11 Yongqin Liu, Tandong Yao,
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基本建设局 Bureau of Capital Construction, CAS 1123/4/21 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS 1123/4/21 1123/4/21
基本建设局 Bureau of Capital Construction, CAS 6623/4/21 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS 6623/4/21
Bacterial abundance and relationship with environmentBacterial abundance and relationship with environment
0 400 800
C ell abundance
X 103 ce lls m L-1
250
200
150
100
50
0
De
pth
cm
0 400 800
D O C
ug L-1
80 160 240
TN
g L-1
0 8000 16000
C a2+
ug L-1
0 400 800
C ell abundance
X 103 ce lls m L-1
0 600 1200
D O C
ug L-1
0 200 400
TN
ug L-1
0 800 1600
C a2+
ug L-1
0 8 16 24
C ell abundance
X 103 ce lls m L-1
0 1000 2000
D O C
ug L-1
40 80 120
TN
ug L-1
0 100 200 300
C a2+
ug L-1
0 200 400
C ell abundance
X 103 ce lls m L-1
0 600 1200
D O C
ug L-1
0 100 200
TN
ug L-1
0 200 400
C a2+
ug L-1
13320
538804
12400
11485
Guoqu Zadang East Rongbuk Palong No.4
Cell abundance in the snow at the northern glaciers was higher than that at the southern ones.
Tibetan Plateau : 0.68 to 720×103 cells mL-1
Polor and other high mountain regions:200-105 cells mL-1
Among 88 snow samples , 63% similar with Antarctic , but lower than
Arctic and other glaciers; 30 % higher than Arctic and other glaciers
Average Ca2+ concentration 2723
Average cell abundance
658
64
69
基本建设局 Bureau of Capital Construction, CAS 7723/4/21 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS 7723/4/21
others, 4%Bacteroidetes,
13%
Firmicutes, 6%
Actinobacteria,18%
γ-Proteobacteria,29%
β-Proteobacteria,12%
α--Proteobacteria,
18%
Bacterial diversity and relationship with environmentBacterial diversity and relationship with environment
The bacterial 16S rRNA genes sequences in snow over the Tibetan Plateau were dominant by γ-Proteobacteria,α-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria.
All sequences in snow from the TP were near to the sequences in the GenBank database with identity values of 91-99%.
A majority of the sequences (81% of the total) were similar to sequences recovered from cold environments (glaciers, Antarctic soil , lake/sea ice in the Antarctic or Arctic, permafrost), soil and the aquatic environment.
基本建设局 Bureau of Capital Construction, CAS 8823/4/21 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS 8823/4/21
0%10%
20%30%
40%50%60%70%80%
90%100%
Guoqu Zadang Palong No.4 East Rongbuk
α--Proteobacteria
β-Proteobacteria
γ-Proteobacteria
Actinobacteria
Firmicutes
Bacteroidetes
others
Bacterial diversity and relationship with environmentBacterial diversity and relationship with environment
Bacterial genetic diversity in the snow varied at different glaciers
2.5 4.0 2.2 3.1Shannon H
基本建设局 Bureau of Capital Construction, CAS 9923/4/21 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS 9923/4/21
Bacterial diversity and relationship with environmentBacterial diversity and relationship with environment
Classification of the environment of the nearest neighbor of snow bacteria
Among a total of 83 genera, 23 genera occurred in more than one library. Eight genera existed in three libraries: Bradyrhizobium and Ochrobactrum; Acidovorax, Curvibacter, and Ralstonia; Acinetobacter, Brevibacterium, Bacillus
Common genera widespread distribution in snow over the Tibetan Common genera widespread distribution in snow over the Tibetan Plateau Plateau
Sphingomonas Polaromonas Genera common to the four libraries
基本建设局 Bureau of Capital Construction, CAS 111123/4/21 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS 111123/4/21
ConclusionConclusion
Abundant bacteria existed in snow at the world highest plateau, most of them were
similar to those in the Antarctica, and less than those in the Arctic and other high mountains.
The abundance of snow bacteria was higher at the northern glaciers than at the
southern ones. Cell abundance were related with the input dust concentration but did not
show obvious correlation with the nutrient condition.
Unexpected high diverse bacteria dwelled in snow over the plateau. Common genera
distributed widely in glaciers located at different regions of the plateau, implying that the
same selective mechanism occur at plateau.
Bacteria in different glaciers showed their own features and connected with their locations,
indicating the relationship between bacteria and environment.
基本建设局 Bureau of Capital Construction, CAS 121223/4/21 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS 121223/4/21
Bacteria Variabilities in Ice Core and Their Relations with Climate Change Bacteria Variabilities in Ice Core and Their Relations with Climate Change
基本建设局 Bureau of Capital Construction, CAS 131323/4/21 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS 131323/4/21
Bacteria Variabilities in Ice Core and Their Relations with Climate Change Bacteria Variabilities in Ice Core and Their Relations with Climate Change
East Rongbuk ice core
Geladaindong ice core
Zuoqiupu ice coreNinjingangshan ice core
基本建设局 Bureau of Capital Construction, CAS 141423/4/21 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS 141423/4/21
Bacterial abundance in ice cores Bacterial abundance in ice cores
基本建设局 Bureau of Capital Construction, CAS 151523/4/21 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS 151523/4/21
Bacterial abundance and the Bacterial abundance and the δδ1818O along different ice coresO along different ice cores
基本建设局 Bureau of Capital Construction, CAS 161623/4/21 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS 161623/4/21
Bacterial abundance and the visible dirty layers along Bacterial abundance and the visible dirty layers along
the Geladandongthe Geladandong ice coreice core
3.2×103 to 8.3×105 cells mL-1
with an average of 4.4×104 cells mL-1
基本建设局 Bureau of Capital Construction, CAS 171723/4/21 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS 171723/4/21
Annual variations and 10 year average values of bacterial abundance,Annual variations and 10 year average values of bacterial abundance, Ca Ca2+2+ concentration, and δ concentration, and δ1818O value in Geladandong ice coreO value in Geladandong ice core