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The present tense is used to talk about what is happening now or, in general terms, what happens every day.
Examples:
Juego al tenis I play tennis
Estoy en 1º de Bachillerato I am in Year 10
Tengo un hermano I have got one brother
Me cepillo los dientes I brush my teeth
The first example can be translated not just as ‘I play tennis’, but also as ‘I am playing tennis’ and ‘I do play tennis.’ In English we have different forms of the present tense just as we do in Spanish!
The following verbs are all regular verbs like HABLAR.This means that you can write them or say them in the same way as you did with HABLAR. The only difference will appear in the beginning (stem) of the verb.
Here are some more common -ar verbs. Choose two and write them out in full, with the meaning in English.
aceptar = to accept cantar = to sing llorar = to cryamar = to love charlar = to chat mirar = to look atarreglar = to fix dibujar = to draw pagar = to payayudar = to help entrar = to go in pescar = to fishbajar = to go down ganar = to win saltar = to jumpbailar = to dance lavar = to wash tocar = to touchbuscar = to look for llenar = to fill viajar = to travel
The following verbs are all regular verbs like COMER or ABRIR..
This means that you can write them or say them in the same way as you did with COMER or ABRIR. The only difference will appear in the beginning (stem) of the verb.
Choose one -er verb and one -ir verb and write each out in full with the meaning in English!
Like COMER beber = to drink leer = to readcorrer = to run meter = to putcoser = to sew vender= to sell
Like ABRIR cubrir = to coverescribir= to writepermitir= to allow recibir = to receive
SER is used for: ESTAR is used for: 1. Things which are permanent 1. Position 2. Names 2. Temporary things or
states 3. Nationality 3. Present continuous
actions 4. Time 4. Place 5. Colour 6. PossessionExamples: Examples: 1. La casa es de piedra. 1. El libro está en la mesa. 2. Es Roberto. 2. La paella está fría. 3. Roberto es español. 3. Ahora está lloviendo. 4. Son las tres en punto. 4. Sevilla está en el sur. 5. El plátano es amarillo. 6. El libro es de Ana.
The verb TENER means ‘to have’, but very often, by putting another word with it, it is translated instead by ‘to be’.
Examples:• When you say your age: Tengo quince años. – I am fifteen.• Tener calor to be hot• Tener frío to be cold• Tener cuidado to be careful • Tener hambre to be hungry• Tener sed to be thirsty• Tener miedo to be afraid • Tener razón to be right • Tener sueño to be sleepy• Tener suerte to be lucky• Tener éxito to be successful
Reflexive verbs are generally used to express actions that we do to ourselves, e.g. I wash myself, or often have the word get e.g. I get washed. In Spanish you use a ‘reflexive pronoun’ in place of myself or get:
lavarse - to get washed
1. Write out the verb as if it were a normal regular verb.
2. Add the correct reflexive pronoun.
me
te
se
nos
os
se
In the dictionary, the letters se on the end of the infinitive tell you it is a reflexive verb.
Using what you have learnt about the verb lavarse to help you, try writing the following two verbs out in full in the same way (they are both regular -ar verbs).
levanto
levantas
levanta
levantamos
levantáis
levantan
ducho
duchas
ducha
duchamos
ducháis
duchan
levantarse - to get up ducharse - to have a shower
• If you need to tell someone what to do in Spanish, then it is important that you use the correct part of the verb.• If you want to give instructions to a friend, someone your age, or to a member of your family, then it is best to use the tú form of the verb.• For all regular verbs, drop the -s from the end of the normal tú form. Even most irregular verbs follow this rule.
Infinitive Present tense tú form Imperative
hablar - to talk hablas - you talk ¡Habla! - Talk!
comer - to eat comes - you eat ¡Come! - Eat!
abrir - to open abres - you open ¡Abre! - Open!
cerrar - to close cierras - you close ¡Cierra! - Close!
This is the probably the form you will hear your teacher use when he or she addresses the class as a whole:
¡Mirad! - Look!
If you want to tell a group of people (family, friends,children) to do something, then simply take the infinitive form of the verb (the part that ends in -AR, -ER, or -IR), take off the r and add the letter d. There are no exceptions to this!
Another way to change a sentence into the negative is to use another word with no. The following can be used for negatives:nada = nothing nunca = never ningún(a) = no/not any nadie = nobody ni…ni = neither…norThey can be used in the following two ways: 1. Place the no in front of the verb and the other word directly after
the verb. 2. Put the special word in front of the verb and do not use no.Examples: 1. No vi nada. Nada vi. I saw nothing. 2. No viene nunca. Nunca viene. She / He never comes. 3. No vino nadie. Nadie vino Nobody came. 4. No sobrevivió ninguna persona. Nobody survived. Ninguna persona sobrevivió. 5. No vinieron ni Paco ni Ana. Neither Paco nor Ana came. Ni Paco ni Ana vinieron.
Rewrite the sentences, this time including the negative expression in brackets. You may leave out the no, if you wish!
1. Voy al centro de la ciudad. (no) (nunca) 2. Raúl y Roberto vinieron a la discoteca. (ni…ni) 3. Vi a alguien en la calle. (no) (nadie) 4. Roberto sale de casa. (no) (nunca) 5. Lo había leído. (no) (nadie) 6. Para la clase de historia necesito algo. (no) (nada) 7. Hay un hombre en la playa. (no) (ningún) 8. Tiene naranjas y manzanas. (ni…ni) 9. He comprado un regalo. (no) (ningún)10. He comprado algo. (no) (nada)
1. No voy nunca al centro de la ciudad. Nunca voy al centro de la ciudad.
2. No vinieron ni Raúl ni Roberto a la discoteca. Ni Raúl ni Roberto vinieron a la discoteca.
3. No vi a nadie en la calle. A nadie vi en la calle.4. Roberto no sale nunca de casa. Roberto nunca sale de casa. 5. No lo había leído nadie. Nadie lo había leído.6. Para la clase de historia no necesito nada. Nada necesito
para la clase de historia.7. No hay ningún hombre en la playa. Ningún hombre hay en la
playa.8. No tiene ni naranjas ni manzanas. Ni naranjas ni manzanas
tiene. 9. No he comprado ningún regalo.10.No he comprado nada. Nada he comprado.
In Spanish, the idea of “must” or “having to do something” can be constructed with a number of expressions. Here are some examples:
1. Deber + infinitive… (I/ you/ he/ she/ we/ they) must… 2. Tener que + infinitive … (I/ you/ he/ she/ we/ they) must… 3. Hay que + infinitive … One must / has to…
1. Debes tener más cuidado. You must take more care. 3. Hay que relajarse. One must relax. 4. Tengo que comprar pan. I have to buy bread.
1. You must sit down. 2. One has to study hard. 3. You must take these pills three times a day. 4. It is necessary to leave early. 5. You have to buy this book. 6. You must see this film. 7. One has to buy some milk. 8. You have to drive more carefully. 9. You must see a doctor.
Respuestas.
1. Debes sentarte. 2. Hay que estudiar mucho. 3. Debes tomarte estas pastillas tres veces al día. 4. Hay que salir temprano. 5. Debes comprar este libro. 6. Hay que ver esta película. 7. Hay que comprar leche. 8. Tienes que conducir con más cuidado. 9. Debes consultar al médico.
The present participle is a very useful part of the verb. It is usually translated in English by ‘-ing’, e.g. I am talking Normally, you can just use the present tense for this in Spanish:Hablo español = I speak Spanish, I am speaking Spanish.
But sometimes you need to emphasize exactly what you are doing at a certain point in time, and it is then that the present participle is needed.When this happens in the present tense, we call this the: present continuous.
There are only a few irregular present participles andthey can be put into two groups.
1. Verbs which use a y instead of an i:verb stem participle caer to fall cay cayendo fallingleer to read ley leyendo reading ir to go y yendo goingoír to hear oy oyendo hearing
2. Spelling change verbsverb stem participle servir to serve sirv sirviendo servingpedir to ask for pid pidiendo asking fordormir to sleep durm durmiendo sleeping decir to say dic diciendo sayingvenir to come vin viniendo coming
In Spanish this now becomes a compound tense or, quite simply, a verb in two parts. It is quite straightforward to form and use, provided you form the two parts in the way that you are shown on the next slide.
The verb can be divided into two parts as in English.
Example: I am eating.
I am from the verb to be (in Spanish you use ESTAR)
Now see if you can change the present tense to the present continuous in each of the following sentences!
1. Juan y Ana beben café con leche en la cafetería.2. Nosotros leemos revistas en la clase de ciencias.3. Los camareros atienden a muchos clientes hoy.4. Anita pone la mesa para ayudar a su madre.5. El gato duerme en el jardín.6. Los niños juegan al fútbol en el parque.7. Mi madre ve su telenovela preferida en la tele.8. Yo aprendo español en el instituto.9. Vosotras cantáis en el coro.10.El cliente pide la cuenta.
1. Juan y Ana están bebiendo café con leche en la cafetería.2. Nosotros estamos leyendo revistas en la clase de ciencias.3. Los camareros están atendiendo a muchos clientes hoy.4. Anita está poniendo la mesa para ayudar a su madre.5. El gato está durmiendo en el jardín.6. Los niños están jugando al fútbol en el parque.7. Mi madre está viendo su telenovela preferida en la tele.8. Yo estoy aprendiendo español en el instituto.9. Vosotras estáis cantando en el coro.10.El cliente está pidiendo la cuenta.