Binary acid (i.e. H & a non-metal) ◦ the prefix hydro is used ◦ the root of the anion is used ◦ the suffix -ic is used ◦ the word acid is used as the.

Binary acid (i.e. H & a non-metal)◦ the prefix hydro is used◦ the root of the anion is used◦ the suffix -ic is used◦ the word acid is used as the second word of the name

Example◦ HCl = hydrochloric acid◦ HBr = hydrobromic acid◦ HI = hydroiodic acid◦ HF = hydrofluoric acid

Polyatomic acids◦ oxyacids: (acids with oxygen in the polyatomic anion)◦ change suffix of –ate with -ic OR◦ change suffix -ite to -ous◦ These acids have the general formula HaXbOc where X =

an element other than Hydrogen or Oxygen Examples

◦ HNO3 (nitrate) (-ate -ic)

◦ HSO3 (sulfite) (-ite -ous)

◦ H2SO4 (sulfate) (-ate -ic)

Nitric acid

Sulfurous acid

Sulfuric acid

Strong Acid:◦ an acid that completely dissociates into ions.◦ (100 molecules of HCl → 100 H+ ions)

The six strong acids to be memorized◦ HCl◦ HBr◦ HI◦ H2SO4

◦ HNO3

◦ HClO4(Perchloric acid)

Strong Bases◦ a base that completely dissociates into ions.◦ (100 formula units of NaOH → 100 OH- ions)◦ When combined with the OH_ (hydroxide) ion,

elements found in group 1 (IA) and 2 (IIA) form strong bases

Examples◦ KOH◦ CsOH◦ Ba(OH)2

◦ Ca(OH)2

H+ (Hydrogen ion) indicates strong acid◦ pH scale with a value of 2 or less

OH- (Hydroxide ion) indicates strong base◦ pH scale with a value of 12 or more

Read p.271-273 Questions: P.273 #’s 29-33

Current Assumption◦ When strong acid and strong base are combined, all H+

and OH- ions join to form HOH (H2O)

Neutralization reaction is a double displacement Example

◦ For NaOH and HCl Predict the products of the reaction balance the equation

◦ NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl + HOH

◦ Use solubility rules to confirm whether each product will be aqueous, solid or liquid

◦ NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + HOH(l)

◦ Write the total ionic equation, showing all ions that are in solution

Na+(aq) + OH-

(aq) + H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) → Na+

(aq) + Cl-(aq) + H2O(l)

Cancel the spectator ions and write the net ionic equation OH-

(aq) + H+(aq) → H2O(l)

Example◦ Write the molecular, ionic, net ionic equations for

Sulfuric acid & potassium hydroxideH2SO4(aq) + KOH(aq) → K2SO4 + HOH

2 H+(aq)+ SO4

2-(aq)+ 2 K+

(aq) + 2 OH-(aq) → 2 K+

(aq) + SO42-(aq) +2 HOH(l)

2 H+(aq) + 2 OH-

(aq) → + 2 HOH(l)

Simplify

H+(aq) + OH-

(aq) → + HOH(l)

(aq) (l)2 2

Recall:◦ Concentration is calculated as moles per litre

mol/L M

◦ [NaOH] refers to the concentration of sodium hydroxide Equation

◦ [ ] =mol/L

In the reaction of 35.0 mL of liquid drain cleaner containing NaOH, 50.08 mL of 0.409 mol/L HCl must be added to neutralize the base. What is the concentration of the base in the cleaner?◦ Write a balanced equation and the chart

NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)

Mm

mol

V

m

[ ]

0.0350L 0.05008L

0.409M

0.0205mol0.0205mol

0.586M

Calculate the volume of 0.256 mol/L Ba(OH)2 that must be added to neutralize 46.0 mL of 0.407 mol/L HClO4.

Ba(OH)2(aq) + 2 HClO4(aq) → BaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

Mm

mol

V

m

[ ] 0.256M 0.407M

0.0460L

0.0187mol0.00935mol

0.0365L

P. 614◦ #’s 30-31

P. 616◦ #’s 32-33, 36-37

Aqueous Reactions Worksheet #1◦ #’s 5-7

Aqueous Reactions Worksheet #2