-i - e}/jL ufFpkfnLsf,b}n]v j:t'ut ljj/0f -kfZj{lrq_ ( Bhairabi Rural Municipality Profile) @)&^ e}/jL ufFp sfo{kfnLsfsf] sfof{no, b}n]v s0ff{nL k|b]z, g]kfn
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e}/jL ufFpkfnLsf,b}n]v
j:t'ut ljj/0f -kfZj{lrq_ ( Bhairabi Rural Municipality Profile)
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cfTd;fy ub}{ b}n]v lhNnf df of] e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] klxnf] k|sflzt b:tfj]hsf]
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cfjZos 5 . ;+slnt ;"rgfnfO{ oyfy{k/s 9Ën] ljZn]if0fu/L j:t'ut ljj/0f
tof/ ubf{ To;n] ufFpkfnLsf tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf
lqmofsnfk ;+rfng ug{ ;xh / ;lhnf] x'g] ub{5 . t;y{ ufFpkfnLsf x¿sf]
j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/ kfg{ cfjZos ePsf] xf] .
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tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . of] ufFpkfnLsfsf] kfZj{lrq tof/ u/L cys kl/>dsf ;fy
o; ufFpkfnLsfsf ljifout sfof{nox?, nufot ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf / cGo If]qaf6
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kfZj{lrq tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . h;df ufFpkflnsfsf ljleGg
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sfof{nox¿af6 ;Íng ul/Psf tYox¿df cfwfl/t eO{
pknAw eP;Ddsf s[lif, lzIff, :jf:Yo, oftfoft, ;~rf/, jg, l;+rfO{, vfg]kfgL,
ljB't cflbsf tYofª\s ;dfj]z u/L ufFpkflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq tof/L ul/Psf] 5 .
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cfjZos ePsf] xf] . t;y{ ufFpkflnsf Fleqsf] ;]jf k|jfx, ljsf; / ;"rgf
Joj:yfkgsf nflu ufpFsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;"rgf cWofjlws ug{ cfjZos x'G5 . ;"rgf
geP;Dd s'g} klg sfo{s|ddf nufgL ug'{ lg/y{s x'g] ub{5 . o;sf nflu klg
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j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/Ldf ;xof]u ug]{ k/fdz{bftfnfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .
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ub{5g\ . UffFpkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfx¿ g]kfnsf]
nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg / o; cGtu{t hf/L ePsf lgofdfjnLx¿åf/f lgb]{lzt 5g\ .
x/]s UffFpkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfx¿n] :yfgLo txsf] ;"rgf tyf tYof+s ;+sng
/ Joj:yfkg ug{ cfjZos x'G5 . t;{y kfZj{lrq Pp6f P]gf xf] o;n] k|To]If
j:t'sf] ;Zn]if0f / ljZn]if0f ub{5,eljZo k/s of]hgfsf] ;/lns/0f tyf
;fdfGoLs/0f ug]{ ePsfn] o;sf] lgs} dxTj /x]sf] xf] . o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf]
kfZj{lrq tof/Lsf] qmddf ;"rgf ;+sng tyf Joj:yfkgsf nflu ltgLx¿sf]
k|zf]wg, tflnsLs/0f / ljZn]if0f ug]{ sfo{x¿ u/L of] j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/
ul/Psf] 5 .
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sf cWoIf, pkfWoIf, ljifout sfof{nosf k|d'v nufot ;Dk"0f{ ;xsdL{ sd{rf/L,
j8fWoIfHo"x¿, j8f ;lrj ;fyLx¿, ;fdflhs kl/rfnsx¿ ljleGg ;+3÷;+:yfsf
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ePsf] 5 ;fy} o; j:t'ut ljj/0fsf] k/fdz{bftf g]kfn O{lGhlgol/ª P08
d]g]hd]06 P;f]l;o6\; ;'v]{t nfO{ xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ub{5' . cGtdf, of] kfZj{lrq
cfˆgf] p2]Zo k|flKtdf ;kmn /xf]; \ eGg] ;'e]R5f JoQm ub{5' .
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v08 ! M e"ldsf=============================================================================!—#
!=! M k[i7e"ld================================================================================ !
!=@ M ;|f]t gS;f============================================================================ !
!=# MufFpkflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq k|sfzg ugf{sf] pb]Zo============================= @
!=$ MufFpkflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq tof/Lsf ljlwx?==================================== @
!=% M ufFpkflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq tof/Lsf l;df====================================== #
v08 @ M kl/ro =======================================================================%—!&
@=! M ufFpkfnLsfsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro==================================================== ==%
@=@ M ef}uf]lns cj:yf ÷pkof]u tyf If]qkmn=========================================^
@=@=! M /fhg}lts ljefhg==========================================================*
@=@=@ M hflto ljljwtf==============================================================(
@=@=# M wfld{s tyf ko{6lso :ynx?============================================(
@=@=$ M ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf=========================================================!)
@=@=% M h}ljs ljljwtf==============================================================!!
@=# M :yfgLo rf8kj{ tyf hfqf / d]nfx?sf] ljj/0f================================!!
@=$ M ko{6lso :ynsf] ljj/0f=============================================================!@
@=% Mjt{dfg e' pkof]u ;DjlGw ljj/0f==================================================!#
@=^ M l;+lrt If]qkmnsf] ljj/0f=============================================================!%
@=& Mjg If]q , g;{/L ;DjlGw ljj/0f======================================================!%
@=* M ;/sf/L / ;fj{hlgs hUufx?sf] ljj/0f=========================================!&
@=( M wfld{s :yn=============================================================================!&
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#=! M j8f cg';f/ pd]/ut hg;+Vof ljt/0fsf] cj:yf=============================!*
#=@ M j8f cg';f/ 3/w'/L tyf hg;+Vof ljj/0f======================================!(
#=# M pd]/ tyf lnËsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f================================@)
#=$ M dft[efiffsf] cfwf/df 3/w'/Lsf] ljj/0f===========================================@!
#=% M wd{sf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f===============================================@!
#=^ M hfthftLsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f=======================================@@
#=& M hgr]tgfd'ns tfnLd k|fKt u/]sf] hg;+Vof ljj/0f=========================@#
#=* M ckf+utfsf] cfwf/df hg;++Vof======================================================@#
xi
#=( M /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yfsf] ljj/0f================================================@$
#=!) M 5fgfsf] k|sf/sf] cfwf/df 3/w'/L k|ltztdf============================@%
#=!! M :jfldTjsf] cfwf/df dlxnf 3/d'nL ;DaGwL ljj/0f==================@^
#=!@ M vfg]kfgLsf] ;|f]tsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/ ;DjlGw ljj/0f=============@^
#=!# M O{Gwgsf] k|of]usf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f========================@*
#=!$ M jlQ k|of]usf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/ ljj/0f===============================@(
#=!% M zf}rfno k|of]usf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/ ljj/0f=========================@(
#=!^ M j;fO{ ;/fO{ ;DjlGw ljj/0f=================================================#)
#=!& M vfBfGg cfTdlg{e/tfsf] cj:yf===========================================#!
#=!* M hUuf hldg ;DjlGw ljj/0f================================================#@
#=!( Mcf=j=@)&$÷@)&% sf] k+lhs/0fsf] cj:yf==============================#@
#=@) M cf=j=@)&%÷@)&^ df ePsf] gfulstf tyf
cGo l;kmfl/;sf] ljj/0f===================================================##
#=@! M h]i7 gful/s tyf Psn dlxnfx?sf] j8f cg';f/
;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf kfpg] JolQmsf] ljj/0f=========================##
#=@@ M >lds jfnjfnLsfsf] ljj/0f================================================##
#=@# M hGd btf{ ePsf jfnjfnLsfsf] ;+Vof=====================================#$
#=@$ M kl/jf/ljlxg jfnjfnLsfsf] cj:yf========================================#$
v08 $ M z}lIfs k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf==========================================#%—$^
$=! M ;fIf/tfsf] ljj/0f==============================================================#%
$=!=! M z}lIfs ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f=========================================#%
$=!=@ M pRr dfWolds ljBfno tyf sn]hx?========================#&
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$=!=^ M txut lzIfs ljj/0f==============================================#*
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$=!=* M ljBfnox?df zf}rfnosf] ljj/0f===============================#(
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xii
$=@=@ M ljut # jif{x?sf] kf]if0fsf] cj:yf=================================$$
$=@=# M lb3{/f]usf] sf/0fn] d[To' ePsf jfnjfnLsf x?sf] ljj/0f===$%
$=@=$ M vf]k;]jf 5f]8\g] jfnjfnLsfx?sf] ljj/0f========================$^
$=@=% M s'kf]if0f sf] ljj/0f=====================================================$^
v08 % M ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf========================================$&—%!
%=! M jfn Snj tyf jfn ;d'xn] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf ;+3,
;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f===============================================================$&
%=@ M dlxnf lx+;f ;DjlGw ljj/0f====================================================$&
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%=$ M kmf]xf]/ d}nf Joj:yfkg==========================================================$*
%=% M ;]jf k|jfx ljj/0f=================================================================$*
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%=& M kz';]jf s]Gb|sf] ljj/0f===========================================================$(
%=* M x'nfs;]jf s]Gb|sf] ljj/0f=======================================================$(
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%=!) M j;kfs{ jf j; :6]zg==========================================================%)
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v08 ^ M ef}lts tyf ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/======================================%!—^$
^=! M ufFpkfnLsfsf] 6f9fsf] jl:tjf6 ufFpkfnLsfsf]
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^=@ M j}s tyf ljQo ;+:yf==============================================================%@
^=# M v'nf If]q===============================================================================%#
^=$ M crn ;Dklt ljj/0f==============================================================%#
^=% M ;8s ;+hfnsf] ljBdfg cj:yf================================================%#
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^=* M ufFpkfnLsf If]qleq ?6k/ld6 ;jf/L ;fwgsf] ljj/0f===================%$
^=( M ufFpkfnLsf If]q leq rNg] ;jf/L ;fwgx?sf] ljj/0f====================%%
^=!) M ljkt Joj:yfkg k'j{ tof/L ;DjlGw ljj/0f==============================%%
^=!! M zx/L ljw'lts/0f===================================================================%%
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xiii
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^=!$ M Jofkfl/s s]Gb|x?sf] ljj/0f==================================================%&
^=!% M ;fj{hlgs kf6L, k}jf / rf}tf/f ;DjlGw ljj/0f========================%*
^=!^ M v]n d}bfg ;DjlGw ljj/0f====================================================%(
^=!& M kfs{ jg:klt tyf pTyfg ;DjlGw ljj/0f===============================%(
^=!* M ufFpkfnLsfsf] sfof{no b]lv k|To]s j8f ;Ddsf] b'/L=================%(
^=!( M /fli6\o tyf cGt/fli6\o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f================%(
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^=@! M kz'wg tyf ;f]jf6 x'g] pTkfbgsf] cj:yf ;DjlGw ljj/0f===========^!
^=@@ M ufFpkfnLsfjf6 jflx/ lgsfl; x'g] j:t'x?sf] ljj/0f===================^!
^=@# M cf}Bf]lus tyf Jofkf/Joj;fo ;DjlGw ljj/0f============================^!
^=@$ M zx/Ls/0fsf] :j?k==============================================================^#
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v08 & M k|zf;lgs tyf cGo ljj/0f =====================================^%—(!
&=! M ufFpkfnLsfsf] sfof{nodf xfn sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f===========^%
&=@ M ljifout sfo{fnox?sf] ljj/0f==============================================^^
&=# M :yfgLo /fhg}lts bnx?sf] ljj/0f==========================================^&
&=$ M ufFpkfnLsf;+u ;fem]bf/L u/]sf ;+3;+:yfxsf] ljj/0f==================^&
&=% M ufFpkfnLsfsf] :yfkgf b]lv xfn;Ddsf k|d'v÷
pk—k|d'v x?sf] ljj/0f======================================================^*
&=^ M ufFpkfnLsfsf] :yfkgf b]lv xfn;Ddsf k|d'v k|zf;lso
clws[t x?sf] ljj/0f========================================================^*
&=& M =ljut # jif{sf] MCPMMsf] :t/===========================================^*
&=( M ljz]if Joj;flos v]lt / ptkfbg x'g] d'Vo s[lif jfnL================^*
&=!) M k|fs[lts ;|f]t====================================================================&)
&=!! M s[lif tyf kz' ;DalGw bIf l;k l;s]sf hgzlQmsf] ljj/0f=========&)
&=!@ M cGo bIf l;k l;s]sf hgzlQmsf] ljj/0f=================================&!
&=!# M cf};t dfl;s cfDbflg / jrtsf] j8f:t/Lo ljj/0f================&@
xiv
&=!$ M j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] ljj/0f=================================================&@
&=!% M d'Vo k]zfut ljj/0f==========================================================&#
&=!^ M j]/f]huf/Lsf] cj:yfsf] ljj/0f==============================================&#
&=!& M ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f==================================================&$
&=!* M ufFpkfnLsfsf] cf=j=@)&%÷)&^ sf] lglt,ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd====&%
!= ;f]r============================================================================&%
@= nIo=============================================================================&%
#= pb]Zo===========================================================================&%
$= ck]lIft pknlAw============================================================&%
%= jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ubf{ cjnDjg
ul/Psf k|d'v cfwf/x? ==============================================&^
^= d'Vo d'Vo cfof]hgf tyf lqmofsnfk x?=============================&^
&= jflif{s sfo{qmd af6 nlIftju{ tkm{ ljlgof]lht
ah]6 tyf vr{sf] ljj/0f =============================================&&
&=!( M ufFpkfnLsf df x'g;Sg] ;+efljt k|sf]ksf] ljj/0f====================*)
&=@) M e"—Ifo ;+efljt If]q==========================================================*)
&=@! M ufFpkfnLsf cfkm}n] jgfPsf P]g,lgod, ljlgodsf] ljj/0f==========*!
&=@@ M ufFpkflnsfsf] cGo tx;+usf] cGt/;DaGw tyf
;fem]bf/ ;+3÷;+:yf==========================================================*!
&=@# M ufFpkfnLsfsf j8fut ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx?==========================*@
&=@$ M ufFpkfnLsfsf cj;/ r'gf}tL / ;d:ofx? ============================*&
cj;/ ========================================================================*&
r'gf}tL =======================================================================*&
;d:of =======================================================================**
wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo :ynx? =====================================*(—(!
1
v08 ! M e"ldsf
!=! M k[i7e"ld
xfn :yfgLo tx &%# dWo] $^) ufFpkflnsf x¿ /x]sf 5g\ . h; cg'?k pQm
ufFpkflnsf x?n] cfˆgf] If]qsf] ljsf;sf] nflu e/kbf]{ tYofª \sLo cfwf/ tof/ ug'{kg]{
k|fjwfg /x]sf] g]kfn ;/sf/ ;+l3o dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] lgb]{zg
u/]adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 . bZff}+ k~rjifL{o of]hgf -@)&@–@)&&_ n] klg ufFpkflnsf x¿sf]
tYofª\sLo cfwf/ tof/ ug]{ sfo{nfO{ gLltut k|fyldstf lbPsf] / tLg jifL{o cGtl/d
of]hgf -@)&@÷@)&^÷)&&_ n] klg ljsf; of]hgf ;DaGwsf nflu ufFpkflnsf x¿n]
ef}uf]lns ;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf / dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug'{kg]{ yk bfloTj
pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . o;} k|of]hgsf] nflu ufFpkflnsfsf] j:t'utl:ylt emNsg] u/L ufFp
kfZj{lrq tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
o; k|0ffnLsf] e/kbf]{ tYofÍLo cfwf/ g} j}1flgs of]hgf k4ltsf] hu xf] . o;n]
t'ngfTds cWoog, cg';Gwfg, ljZn]if0f, ljj]rgf ug{ ;Defjgfx¿sf] vf]hL ug{ ;lx
tYofÍn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] x'gfn] ufFp df /x]sf ljifout sfof{nox¿ tyf cGo
;+3;+:yfx¿sf] tYout l:ylt emNsg] u/L pknAw eP;Ddsf ;"rgfx¿nfO{ Joj:yLt
9+un] ;+sng u/L of] kfZj{lrq tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
!=@ M ;|f]t gS;f
2
!=# M ufFpkflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq k|sfzg ugf{sf] pb]Zo
o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] ko{6g ljsf; sf ;fy} jflif{s / cfjlws of]hgf
th'{df, nfut, of]hgf sfof{Gjog cfˆgf] If]qleqsf] k|fs[lts tyf ef}lts ;fwg
>f]tx?sf] Joj:yfkg ;+rfng sfo{ljlw cflbsf] k|of]ujf6 ufFpkfnLsfn] ug{] u/fpg]
clVtof/L k|fKt sfdx? ubf{ u/fpbf cfjlws sfo{ d'NofÍg pknlAw h:tf s'/fx?nfO{
;d]6]/ tof/ ul/Psf] k|dfl0ft b:tfj]h, h;nfO{ j:t'ut ljj/0f -kfZj{lrq_ klg elgG5 .
o; j:t'ut ljj/0fn] ufFpkflnsf leq h'g;'s} kIfjf6 ug{] u/fpg] cfly{s ;fdflhs
ls[ofsnfkx?sf] 9fFrf tof/ ubf{ u'0ffTds ;xof]u k'¥ofp5 . o;af6 x'g] kmfO{bfx?
lgDgcg';f/ x'g ;S5g\ .
ufFpkfnLsf leqsf] j:t'utl:yltsf] jf/]df ;+slnt ;"rgf tyf tYofÍx? jf:tljs /
;lx eP o;jf6 :yflgo tx b]lv s]Gb| ;Dd tYofÍut Ps?ktf cfpg] / o;sf
cfwf/df ag]sf of]hgfx?sf] k|ltkmn klg ;dfg ?kdf ;j} gful/sx? nfO{ x'g ;S5
. ;fy} dfgjLo tyf k|fs[lts >f]t;fwgx?sf] klxrfg eO{ To;jf6 x'g;Sg] kmfO{bfx?
/ ;Defljt hf]lvdx? ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsg] x'G5 . ef}uf]lns, ;fdflhs, cfly{s,
wfld{s, k|fs[lts / dfgjLo hLjgsf x/]s kIfx?sf jf/]df hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5
ufFpkfnLsf If]q leq ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?sf] ;ldIff u/L ;'wf/ ug{, ;dfof]hg jf
kl/jt{g ug{ / gofF of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu ;xof]uL x'g] / o;jf6 vf]hd'ns,
pTk|]/0ffTds / hgd'lv sfo{ of]hgfx? jGg ;Sg] cfwf/x? jGb5g\ . ;+slnt
tYofÍx?n] ufFpkfnLsfnfO{ o'u ;'xfpbf] ;"rgf k|0ffnL :yflkt eO hgtfx?ljr
cfkl; efO{rf/fsf] ;DjGw lgdf{0f ul/ ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ cuf8L a9fpg]
cfwf/ jGb5 .
ufFpkflnsfsf] eflj of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd / gLlt lgdf{0fsf] sfdnfO{ cfwf/ k|bfg
ug]{ / :yfgLo cfjZostf / ;|f]t ;fwgsf] ljlgof]hgsf] cj:yfsf] hfgsf/L
u/fpg] .
!=$ M ufFpkflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq tof/Lsf ljlwx?
o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq tof/Lsf ljlwx?sf] qmddf cWoog ljlw,
cWoog ug{] ;+:yf, ;+:yfnfO{ k|fKt ePsf] >f]t, ;+:yfut cWoogut 9fFrf cflbsf
cfwf/df tof/ x'g] vfsfn] lgb]{lzt x'g] s'/f t 5b}5 / o;sf cnjf cWoog 6f]nLn]
:yflgo kl/l:yltsf cfwf/df jgfPsf 9fFrfx? klg plQs} dxTjk'0f{ x'G5g\ . of]
cWoogsf qmddf o; e}/jL ufFpkfnLsfsf] j:t'ut ljj/0f -kfZjlrq _ tof/Lsf nflu
e}/jL ufFpkfnLsf cGtu{tsf ljifout sfof{no, lhNnf l:yt laleGg ;/sf/L lgsfox?,
3
:yflgo ljsf; dGqfno nufot ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?n] pknAw
u/fPsf k|fylds tYofÍsf] ljj/0fx?sf cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf] 5 eg] o;sf] 9fFrf
g]kfn ;/sf/ ;+l3o dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] gd'gfsf ?kdf tof/
kfl/Psf] 9fFrfnfO{ g} d'n cfwf/ dfgL k|fKt ;"rgf tyf tYof+Ísf cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf]
5 .
kfZj{lrq tof/Lsf] j|mddf s]–s:tf tl/sf / ;fwgx¿sf] k|of]u ul/of] To;}nfO{ cWoog
ljlwdf pNNf]v ul/Psf] 5 . ufFpkflnsf kfZj{lrqsf tof/Lsf ljwLx¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
!= k|fylds tYofÍsf ;|f]t M
3/w'/L ;j]{If0f
ljifout sfof{no tyf ljleGg ;+3;+:yfx¿af6 pknAw tYofÍx¿ .
@= l4lto tYofÍsf ;|f]t M
/fli6«o hgu0fgf, s[lif u0fgf, ljleGg ;j]{If0f, dfgj ljsf; k|ltj]bg cflbsf
glthfx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
ef}lts ljsf; k"jf{wf/, jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg, ;fdflhs ljsf;, cfly{s ljsf;,
ljQLo Joj:yfkg tyf ;+:yfut ljsf; cflb, glthf, ;"rsx¿, k':6\ofO{sf
cfwf/x¿, hf]lvd kIfx¿, sfo{qmdsf] klxrfg, h:tf ljifoj:t' ;dfj]z ul/Psf]
5 .
!=% M ufFpkflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq tof/Lsf l;df
e}/jL ufFpkfnLsfsf] j:t'ut ljj/0f -kfZj{lrq_ ;+sng tyf tof/ kfg]{ qmddf
k|fylds ;"rgfx?nfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ dflgPsf] 5 . k|yd kIfjf6 pknAw u/fO{Psf ;"rgf,
hfgsf/L tyf tYofFÍx?nfO{ g]} k|d'v cfwf/ dflgPsfn] o;sf] ljZj;lgotf w]/} g} /xg
uPsf] 5 . JolQmut cGt{jftf{, :ynut cWoog cflbaf6 ck'u / c:k|:6 ;"rgfx? k|fKt
ul/Psfn] ;+slnt ljj/0f cfFkm}df ljz]if k|s[ltsf] x'g k'u]sf] 5 . l;ldt >f]t /
;fwgx?sf] clwstd\ k|of]usf jfjh'b h] hlt ;"rgf tyf tYof+Íx? k|fKt ePsf 5g\
o; k|of]hgsf nflu clt g} >]o:s/ l;4 ePsf 5g\ . cfjZos b]lvPsf ;j} k|sf/sf
;"rgfx? k"0f{?kdf k|fKt x'g g;s]sf] tyf k|:t't cWoogsf] l;df leq k|f/lDes ;"rgf
;+sng ug]{ sfo{n] sd k|fyldstf kfPsf sf/0fn] oyfy{ tYofÍsf nflu afÅo ;|f]tnfO{
cfwf/ dfGg' kg{] afWotf klg lyof] .
4
5
v08 @ M kl/ro
tflnsf g=+ ! M e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf ;fljssf uf=lj=;=x?sf] ljj/0f .
j8f g= ;dfj]z ePsf ;fljssf uf=lj=;=x? ;fljssf j8f g+=
! /fjtsf]6 %—(
@ /fjtsf]6 !—$
# b'Nn' gu/kflnsf !)
$ e}l.sflnsfy'd !,@,$,%,^
% e}l.sflnsfy'd #,&,*,(
^ s';fkfgL !,@,#,$ / sfF;LsfFw *
& s';fkfgL %,^,&,*,(
@=!= ufFpkflnsfsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] ;+3Lo /fHosf] lgdf{0fsf ;fy} ltg tx sf] /fHo
k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf u/] cg'?k ;fljssf :yfgLo lgsfox? :yfgLo txdf kl/0ft ePsf
5g ;+ljwfgn] :yfgLo txnfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg agfPsf] 5, /fHo zlQm Ps 7fFpdf
sl]Gb|t gu/L ljleGg tx / tKsfaf6 k|of]u ug]{ Aoa:yf eP cg'?k æs[lif,ko{6g,xl/ofnL
ljsf; / k"jf{wf/ ,e}/jLsf rf/ cfwf/,Æ oxL d'n gf/f nfO{ cfTd;fy ub}{ b}n]v lhNnf
nfO{ klg $ gu/kflnsf / & ufpFkflnsf u/L !! j6f :yfgLo tx u7g ePsf] 5, &
j6f ufpkflnsf dWo] e}/jL ufpFkflnsf b}n]v lhNnfsf] k+rsf]zL If]qleqsf] dWo] If]qdf
cjl:yt Ps ;'Gb/ / k|fs[lts >f]tn] ;DkGg ufpFkflnsf xf], o; ufpFkflnsfdf
;fljssf # uflj; / b'Nn' gu/kflnsfsf] ! j8f ldn]/ jg]sf] 5 . o; ufpFkflnsfsf]
ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt b]zfGt/M 810 34' 51.11" b]lv 810 42' 12.82" cIff+zM 280
50' 24.26"b]lv 290 3' 0.25" / hg;+Vofsf] cg'kft cg';f/ & j6f j8fdf ljefhg
ul/Psf] 5, o; ufpFkflnsf] s]Gb| ;fljssf] e}l/sflnsfy'd df /x]sf] 5 . sl/j *%
k|ltzt lxGb' wdf{nDjLsf] afx'Notf /x]sf] o; ufpFkflnsfdf du/, afx'g, If]qL, 7s'/L,
blnt, hghftL, blnt tyf d'l:nd ;d'bfosf] a;f]jf; /x]sf] 5 . o; If]qsf] k|l;4
wfld{s :ynsf] ?kdf /x]sf] e}/jL dlGb/sf] gfdjf6 o; ufpFkflnsfsf] gfdfs/0f
ul/Psf] xf] .
;fljssf uf=lj=;=cg';f/ ufFpkflnsfsf] j8f ljefhg tnsf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf]
5 .
6
e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] j8f ljefhgsf] gS;f
@=@ ef}uf]lns cj:yf÷pkof]u tyf If]qkmn
o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] If]qkmn !!)=$# ju{ ls=ld= 5 . of] ufFpkflnsf )
l8u|L b]lv ^(=^ l8u|L ;Ddsf] le/fnf]kgf ePsf] kxf8L v'nf pkTosf / vf]r,vf]nfsf]
rf}8fO{ v'nf ;dtn / dWo]d le/fnf]kg sf] ef}uf]lns :j?k ePsf] dflyNnf] If]q w]/}
le/fnf] /x]sf] 5 . ;d'Gb|L ;tx b]lv Go"td &^) ld6/ b]lv #$)) ld6/ prfO ;Ddsf]
/x]sf] 5 .
ef}uf]lns cj:yfM kxf8 tyf ;dy/ e"efu /x]sf] 5
If]qkmnM !!)=$# ju{ ls=ld=
s[lif If]q ##=&$ ju{ ls=ld=
jgh+un If]q %%=%& ju{ ls=ld=
emf8L tyf a'6\ofg !!=^( ju{ ls=ld=
3fF;] If]q &=#( ju{ ls=ld=
au}rf If]q )=@) ju{ ls=ld=
phf8 If]q )=)@# ju{ ls=ld=
afn'jf If]q !=% ju{ ls=ld=
7
e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yf
8
@=@=! M /fhg}lts ljefhg
of] e}/aL ufFpkflnsf sf] k"j{ dxfFa' ufFpkflnsf,klZod 7fF6LsfFw
ufFpkflnsf / rfd'08f ljGb|f;}gL gu/kflnsf,pQ/ sflnsf]6 lhNnf,blIf0f b'Nn'
gu/kflnsf /x]sf 5g eg] ;fljssf] b'Nn' gu/kflnsf j8f g= !) sf ;fy}
/fjtsf]6,e}l/sflnsfy'd,s';fkfgL / sfF;LsfFw ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] j8f g= * nfO{
;dfj]z u/L @)&# kmfu'g @& ut] :yfgLo txx?sf] k'g{;+/rgf x'Fbf ljlwjt ?kdf
:yfkgf ePsf] ufFpkflnsf xf] . of] ufFpkflnsf nfO{ & j6f j8fx?df ljefhg ul/Psf]
5 , h;df ;fljssf] /fjtsf]6 uf=lj=;=nfO{ j8f g+= ! / @ ,b'Nn' gu/kflnsf j8f
g=!) nfO{ j8f g+= #, ;fljssf] e}l/sflnsfy'd uf=lj=;=nfO{ j8f g+=$ / %, ;fljssf]
s';fkfgL / sfF;LsfFw ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] j8f g=* nfO{ j8f g+= ^ / & j8fdf
ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 .
b}n]vs lhNnfsf !! :yfgLo txx?
9
@=@=@ M hftLo ljljwtf
b}n]v lhNnf ljleGg hfthfltx?sf] pb\ud :ynsf] lhNnf /x]sf] s'/f
Oltxf;sf/x?n] JofVof u/]sf 5g\ . of] e}/aL ufFpkflnsf klg b}n]v lhNnfsf !! j6f
:yfgLo tx dWo]sf] Ps hftLo ljljwtf o"Qm ufFpkflnsf xf] . o; ufFpkflnsf df
jfx'g,7s'/L,If]qL,u'?ª,du/,,bdfO{,sfdL,d'l:nd cflb hfthfltx?sf] d'Vo j;f]jf; sf
;fy} ljleGg hfthftL x?sf] pb\ud :yn /x]sf] 5 . h;df ;fljssf] a8nDhL
uflj;sf] a8ufFp af6 a8fn, a8nDhL uflj;sf] nDhL af6 nDfHf]n,a8nDhL cfrfo{
af8f af6 cfrfo{,/fjtsf]6 uflj; af6 /fjt / sf]O{/\ofn ufFp af6 sf]O{/fnf x?sf]
pb\ud :yn /x]sf] kfO{G5 .
@=@=# M wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo :ynx?
o; ufFpkflnsfsf] gfdfs/0f ul/bf g} k+rsf]zLsf] ;j}eGbf l;/fg e}/jLsf]
gfdaf6 ul/Psf]n] of] ufFpkflnsf wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts ?kn] klg el/k"0f{ /x]sf] 5 .
lzl/:yfg nnf6 tyf cv08 Hjfnf sf ;fy} e}/jL b]jL, AofpnL wd{zfnf sf ;fy} cGo
dxTjk'0f{ wfld{s tyf ko{6lso :ynx? x'g\ .
wfld{s tyf ko{6lso If]qx?
>L:yfg dlGb/
10
>L:yfg Hjfnf
AofpnL wd{zfnf
@=@=$ M ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf
o; ufFpkflnsfdf j;f]jf; ug]{ jx';+Vos *%Ü hfthfltx? lxGb' wd{ dfGg]
ub{5g\ eg] d'l:nd, lqml:;og / cGo wdf{nlDj x? klg o; ufFpkflnsf df /x]sf 5g\ .
lxGb' d'l:nd, lqml:;og wdf{nlDj x?sf cf–cfkm\g} lsl;dsf wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts
k/Dk/f /x]sf 5g\ . ljhof bzdL,ltxf/,s[i0f ci6dL,xl/tflnsf lth, df3] ;+qmflGt,xf]nL,
11
r}t] bz}, gjjif{ -tfuf_, u'? k"l0f{df,gfuk~rdL lxGb'x?sf dxTjk"0f{ rf8kj{x? x'g\ eg]
d'l:nd x?sf] lqm:d; 8],O{b,as/ O{b,buf{,jf}4 holGt,Nxf];f/ cflb wdf{nlDj x?sf
dxTjk"0f{ rf8kj{x? x'g\ .
@=@=% M h}ljs ljljwtf
o; If]qdf pi0f,pkf]i0f,;dlztf]i0f xfjfkfgL kfO{G5,. jg:klt x?df ;fn,
;Nnf,w'kL;Nnf,t]nkxf/f],plQ;,l;;f}, d;nf, nx/] lkkn,hfd'g, cdnf,afF;,
/\ofh,afFh,u'/fF;,>Lv08,/QmrGbg,cfbL d'Vo jg:kltx? /x]sf 5g . oxf ljleGg
k|hfltsf :tgwf/L hLjx? Hf:t} ab]n, lrt'jf, ag la/fnf],d[u,;]tf]afb/,n+u'/ h:tf
hgfj/x? /xsf] hfgsf/L kfOof] To;}u/L 3;|g] hftsf k|f0fLdf ;k{,
5]kf/f],;fN3f/],df};'nL,/ftf] 6fpsf] 5]kf/f] ;jeGbf j9L kfOG5g\ . o; If]qdf Eofu'tf
h:tf peor/ x? klg kfOG5g\ To:t} nf+r], h'/]nL, sfu, eu]/f], sflnh,9fkm], ;'uf, 9's'/,
lrj], /fgLr/f,jg s'v"/f nufot k|hfltsf k+IfLx?sf] jf;f]jf; /x]sf] 5 . df5f x?df
c;nf, wfdL / afd kfOG5g . ;fy} oL If]qx? s'g} klg /fli6«o lgs'~h, jGohGt' cf/If
tyf ;+/lIft I]fqx? leq kb}{gg\ .
@=# M :yfgLo rf8{kj{ tyf hfqf / d]nfx?sf] ljj/0f M
qm=;+= rf8{kj{ hfqf ÷d]nfx?sf
gfd
dgfOg] dlxgf ltly dgfpg]
hfthflt
!= gofF jif{ e}/jL,>L:yfg a}zfv ;j}hfthflt
@= rl08k"l0f{df a}zfv k"l0f{df ;j}hfthflt
#= O{b a}zfv,h]i7 k"l0f{df d'l:nd
12
$= au/ O{b ;fpg k"l0f{df d'l:nd
%= buf{ ufhL efb| k"l0f{df d'l:nd
^= /IffaGwg efb| hg}k"l0f{df ;j}hfthflt
&= >Ls[i0f
hGdfi6dL
efb| ;KtdL ;j}hfthflt
*= xl/tflnsf -lth_ efb| t[tLof lxGb' dlxnf dfq
(= ljhofbzdL c;f]h÷sflt{s bzdL ;j}hfthflt
!)= efO{l6sf sflt{s÷d+l;/ l4tLof ;j}hfthflt
!!= lqm:d; 8] kf}if d'l:nd
!@= Nxf];f/ kf}if,df3,kmfu'g u'?ª,du/,tfdfª
!#= df3];+qmflGt df3 ;j}hfthflt
!$= >L:j:yfgLj|q df3 k"l0f{df ;j}hfthflt
!%= r}t] bz} r}q ci6dL ;j}hfthflt
!^= xf]nL r}q k"l0f{df ;j}hfthflt
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf= b}n]v @)&%
@=$= ko{6sLo :ynx?sf] ljj/0f -wfld{s÷P]ltxfl;s÷k'/ftflTjs_M
o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsf df cjl:yt ko{6sLo :yn x? lgs} dxTjsf] ?kdf
/x]sf 5g\ . h;df lzl/:yfg,e}/jL,AofpnL wd{zfnf, af0fu+uf,k~rb]jn cfbLsf sf/0f
b}lgs cfpg] ko{6s x?sf] ;+Vof df j[4L ePsf] b]lvG5 .
qm=;+= ko{6sLo
:ynx?sf] gfd
j8f
g+=
:ynsf] dxTj b}lgs cf};tdf cfpg]
ko{6sx?sf] ;+Vof
s}lkmot
!= lzl/:yfg ! k+rsf]zL,Hjfnf
bz{g
%%)
@= e}/jL $ 5x/f,s'08 #$)
#= AofpnL wd{zfnf & k|flrg tyf
P]ltxfl;s :ynsf]
dxTj
!)%
$= af0fu+uf,k~rb]jn # P]ltxfl;s dxTj !@%
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf= b}n]v @)&%
13
e}/aL dlGb/
@=%= jt{dfg e"–pkof]u ;DjGwL ljj/0f
o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] jt{dfg e"–pkof]u nfO{ x]bf{ ;j}eGbf a9L !!)=% ju{
ls=ld glb tyf vf]nfn] cf]u6]sf] If]q, %%=%& ju{ ls=ld If]qkmn jg tyf r/g If]qn]
cf]u6]sf] 5 eg] cf}ift aiff{ !%^!*# ld=ld=/x]sfn] s[lif If]q df pGgtL ePsf] kfO{G5 .
3fF;] If]q, emfF8L j'6\ofg sf sf/0f ljleGg vfn] hl8j'6Lsf] dxTj /x]sf] 5 . ;8sn]
cf]u6]sf] If]q !)! ju{ ls=ld=, ;j} j8f x?df ;8ssf] 6\ofs vf]n]sf] n] oftfoft sf]
;'ljwf /x]sf] 5 .
qm+ ;+= ljj/0f If]qkmn -ju{ ls= ld=_ k|ltzt
! s[lif If]q ##=&$ ju{ ls=ld
@ jg tyf r/g If]q %%=%& ju{ ls=ld
# 3fF;] If]q &+=#( ju{ ls=ld
$ emfF8L j'6\ofg !!=+^(ju{ ls=ld
% glb tyf vf]nfn] cf]u6]sf] If]q !!)=% ju{ ls=ld
^ ;8sn] cf]u6]sf] If]q !)! ju{ ls=ld=
& klx/f] )=))%&#^ ju{ ls=ld
* afn'jf !=% ju{ ls=ld
( cf}ift aiff{ !%^!*# ld=ld=
>f]tM s]Gb|Lo tYo+fs ljefu, /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^*
14
lth 8fF8f s';fkfgL
15
@=^=l;+lrt If]qkmnsf] ljj/0f
o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfdf lxdfnL / kxf8 e'efu /x]sfn] kfgLsf] k|r'/ dfqf
w]/} 5 .h;sf sf/0f l;+rfO{ sf] ;+efjgf, v]tLsf] /fd|f] pAhgL x'g] b]lvG5 . l;+rfO{ sf]
;+efjgfdf (*& x]S6/ hldg, v]ltof]Uo hldgdf #%!# x]S6/ hldg /x]sf] 5 h; nfO{
cem a9fjf lbg ;lsg] b]lvG5 .
qm=;= ljj/0f If]qkmn - x]=df_ s}lkmot
! s"n l;+lrt If]qkmn (*& x]S6/
@ cl;+lrt hldg @@$# x]S6/
# v]ltof]Uo hldg #%!# x]S6/
$ v]lt u/LPsf] hldg $(!=! x]S6/
% v]lt gu/LPsf] hldg #$#=$ x]S6/
>f]t M lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfo{fno ,b}n]v
e}/jL] ufFpkflnsfsf] l;+lrt If]q
@=&= jg If]q÷g;{/L ;DjGwL ljj/0f
xl/of] jg g]kfnsf] wg eg] h:t} o; ufFpkflnsfdf w]/} jg If]qn] 9fs]sf] 5
. h;df ;fd'bflos jg ;+Vof @^ If]qkmn $&()=^% x]S6/ / sa'lnotL jg ;+Vof $
If]qkmn !^=&* x]S6/ If]q u/L hDdf #) j6f jg /x]sf] tYofª lhNnf jg sfof{no,
b}n]v af6 k|fKt ePsf] s'/f cjut 5 .
qm=;= ljj/0f ;Vof If]qkmn - x]S6/df_ s}lkmot
16
!= ;fd'bflos jg @^ $&()=^% x]S6/
@= sa'lnotL jg $ !^=&* x]S6/
#= wfld{s jg ) )
$= ;/sf/L ;+/lIft jg ) )
%= cGo ) )
hDdf #)
>f]tM lhNnf jg sfof{no, b}n]v
e}/jLsf] h+un If]qx?
17
@=*= ;/sf/L÷;fj{hlgs hUufx?sf] ljj/0f
qm+ ;+= hUuf /x]sf]
:yfg
If]qkmn -ju{ ld=_ :jfldTj
! e}/Lsflnsfy'd #!)) ju{ ld=-^
/f]kgL_
ufFpkflnsfsf]
gfddf
>f]t M e}/jL uf=kf= b}n]v @)&%
@=(=Wffld{s :yn
s|=;= dlGb/ ;+Vof d:hLb ;+Vof cGo dlGb/ x? s}lkmot
! di6f dlGb/ & d:hLb !
@ lzj dlGb/ *
# hugfy dlGb/ !
$ sflnsf dlGb/ $
% dfO{sf] dlGb/ %
^ dgx/] !
& b]ptL !
* a08fnL !
( ;/:jtL dlGb/ ^
hDdf #$ ! !%
>f]t Me}/jL] uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
18
sflnsf:yfg dlGb/
v08 # M hg;fªlvs ljj/0f
#=! M j8fcg';f/ pd]/ut hg;+Vof ljt/0fsf] ljj/0f
o; ufFpkflnsfsf & j6} j8f x?sf] j8fcg';f/ pd]/ut hg;+Vof ljt/0fsf]
pd]/ ;d'x nfO{ % efudf ljefhg u/L ljZn]if0f ubf{ lgDg cg';f/ )—% aif{ pd]/
;d'xsf k'?if @@!(,dlxnf @%#@, ^—!% aif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf k'?if @&$%,dlxnf @*&!,
!^—@) aif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf k'?if @$$%,dlxnf @*$^, @!—^( aif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf k'?if
^#%&,dlxnf ^&%%,/ &) aif{ eGbf dfyL pd]/ ;d'xsf k'?if @@(,dlxnf @&% 5g eg]
;j} ;d'xsf hDdf !$#(% k'?if / !%*&( dlxnf u/L #)@&$ hg;+Vof /x]sf] 5 . ;j}
pd]/ut hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f nfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ k'?if eGbf dlxnfx? sf] hg;+Vof
!$*$ n] w]/} /x]sf] 5 . o;} u/L j8fut lx;fjdf ;j} eGbf sd j8f g= ^ df k'?if
!^)(,dlxnf !&&^ u/L hDdf ##*% hg;+Vof 5 eg] ;j} eGbf a9L j8f g= # df k'?if
19
@*(%,dlxnf #@^$ u/L hDdf ^!%( hg;+Vof ePsf] ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsfdf
b]vfO{Psf] 5 .
j8f )— % jif{ ^—!% jif{ !^—@) jif{ @!—^( jif{ &)jif{ dfyL hDdf hDdf
k'?if dlxnf k'?if dlxnf k'?if dlxnf k'?if dlxnf k'?if dlxnf k' d
! @%^ @*$ #(( $!# !*$ #*% !)*) !!!$ #% #( !(%$ @@#% $!*(
@ ##( #^^ #*^ #*( $!@ $() &$# *%! $# %& !(@# @!%# $)&^
# @&* #@* $@@ $#) $)( #(! !#$( !$^^ #& $( @*(% #@^$ ^!%(
$ #@* #*^ $@$ $&& @(& #^! *@^ *^( @& #! !()@ @!@$ $)@^
% $!% %#! $$* $^) $%! $^) &&# **# $! #( @!@* @#&# $%)!
^ @(! #!& #@@ #$! @&) #@! &)% &&! @! @^ !^)( !&&^ ##*%
& #!@ #@) #$$ #^! $@@ $#* **! *)! @% #$ !(*$ !(%$ #(#*
hDdf @@!( @%#@ @&$% @*&! @$$% @*$^ ^#%& ^&%% @@( @&% !$#(% !%*&( #)@&$
>f]tM k|fylds ;e{]If0fsf] cfwf/df @)&%
#=@ M j8fcg';f/ 3/w'/L tyf hg;+Vof ljj/0f
o; ufFpkflnsfsf & j6} j8f x?sf] hDdf 3/w'/L ;+Vof %@^! /x]sf 5g\ . h;
dWo] j8f g=# df ;j}eGbf w]/} !!&& 3/w'/L /x]sf 5g\ eg] ;j}eGbf sd j8f g=^ df
%*^ 5g\ . o;} u/L qmdz sd b]lv w]/}df j8f g= ^ df %*^, j8f g=@ df ^@@, j8f
g=& df ^&%, j8f g=$ df ^*%, j8f g= % df &@!, j8f g= ! df &(% 3/w'/L /x]sf
5g\ h;nfO{ :tDe lrqdf lgnf] /+usf] ;+s]tdf b]vfO{Psf] 5 .o;} u/L hg;+Vof sf]
cfwf/df ;j}eGbf w]/} j8f g= # df @*(% k'?if / #@^$ dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ eg] ;j}eGbf
sd j8f g= ^ df !^)( k'?if / !&&^ dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . pNn]lvt hg;+Vof nfO{
:tDe lrqdf lgnf] /+usf] ;+s]tdf 3/w'/L, /ftf] /+usf] ;+s]tdf k'?if / v}/f] /+usf]
;+s]tdf dlxnf sf] hg;+Vof nfO{ b]vfO{Psf] 5 .
j8f g= 3/w'/L k'?if dlxnf hDdf
! &(% !(%$ @@#% $!*(
@ ^@@ !(@# @!%# $)&^
# !!&& @*(% #@^$ ^!%(
$ ^*% !()@ @!@$ $)@^
% &@! @!@* @#&# $%)!
^ %*^ !^)( !&&^ ##*%
& ^&% !(*$ !(%$ #(#*
hDdf %@^! !$#(% !%*&( #)@&$
>f]t M >f]tM k|fyflds ;e{]If0fsf] cfwf/df @)&%
20
#=# M pd]/ tyf lnËsf cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
pd]/ tyf lnËsf cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f nfO{ % jif{ eGbf d'lgsf b]lv
&) jif{ eGbf dfyLsf dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ljj/0f nfO{ g} tflnsf df b]vfOPsf] 5 .
pd]/ ;d"x dlxnf k'?if t]>f] ln+uL hDdf
% jif{ eGbf d'lg @%#@ @@!( ) $&%!
^ – !% jif{;Dd @*&! @&$% ) %^!^
!^ – @)jif{;Dd @*$^ @$$% ) %@(!
@! – ^( jif{;Dd &#%% ^&%& ) !$!!@
&) eGbf dfyL @&% @@( ) %)$
hDdf !%*&( !$#(% ) #)@&$
>f]tM k|fyflds ;e{]If0fsf] cfwf/df @)&%
795622
1177
685 721586 675
1954 1923
2895
19022128
1609
19842235 2153
3264
21242373
17761954
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
j8f g=! j8f g=@ j8f g=# j8f g=$ j8f g=% j8f g=^ j8f g=&
3/w'/L
k'?if
dlxnf
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0-5 16-20 21-69 70 +
25322871 2846
7355
275
22192745
2445
6757
2290 0 0 0 0
dlxnf
k'?if
t]>f] ln+uL
21
#=$ M dft[efiffsf] cfwf/df 3/w'/L sf] ljj/0f
o; ufFpkflnsfdf a;f]jf; ug]{ ljleGg hfthflt x?n] af]Ng] dft[efiff x?sf]
ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;j}eGbf w]/} **=)* k|ltzt g]kfnL dft[efiff,#=&) k|ltzt du/
dft[efiff,&=## k|ltzt u'?ª dft[efiff,)=** k|ltzt d'l:nd dft[efiff af]Ng] u/]sf
hg;+Vof kfO{Psf] b]vfOPsf] 5 .
qm=;+= dft[efiff 3/w'/L k|ltzt
! g]kfnL efiff $^#$ **=)*Ü
@ u'?ª efiff #*^ &=##Ü
# du/ efiff !(% #=&)Ü
$ d'l:nd efiff $^ )=**Ü
% cGo efiff ) )
hDdf %@^! !))Ü
>f]tM k|fyflds ;e{]If0fsf] cfwf/df @)&%
#=%M wd{sf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
o; ufFpkflnsfdf a;f]jf; ug]{ ljleGg hfthflt x?n] dfGg] wd{ x?sf]
ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;j}eGbf w]/} lxGb' wd{ dfGg] *%Ü ,d'l:nd wd{ dfGg] %Ü / cGo wd{ dfGg]
!)Ü ePsf kfOof] h; nfO{ j[Q lrqdf b]vfOPsf] 5 .
qm=;+= wd{ hg;+Vof k|ltzt
! lxGb' @%&## *%Ü
@ d'l:nd #^% %Ü
# cGo $!&^ !)Ü
hDdf #)@&$ !))Ü
88.08%
7.33%3.70%
0.88%
0%
dft[efiff
g]kfnL efiff
u'?ª efiff
du/ efiff
d'l:nd efiff
cGo efiff
22
>f]t M k|fyflds ;e{]If0fsf] cfwf/df @)&%
wd{sf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
#=^ M hfthfltsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
k|fyflds ;e{]If0f tyf tyf+ªs ;+sng @)&% cg';f/ e}/jL] ufFpkflnsfdf
a;f]jf; ug]{ hfthfltsf] cfwf/df hDdf #)@&$ hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f nfO{ x]bf{ qmdz
;j}eGbf w]/} !#%&& If]qL, &!^# af|Dx0f, %&&* blnt, ##(! hghftL, #^% d'l:nd
/x]sf 5g\ .h; nfO{ tnsf] tflnsfdf b]vfOPsf] 5 .
qm=;+= hfltotf hg;+Vof k|ltzt
! If]qL !#%&& $$=*$Ü
@ af|Dx0f &!^# @#=^^Ü
# bnLt %&&* !(=)(Ü
$ hghftL ##(! !!=@)Ü
% d'l:nd #^% !=@!Ü
^ cGo ) )
hDdf #)@&$ !))Ü
>f]t M k|fylds ;e{]If0f tyf tyf+ªs ;+sng @)&%
85%
5%
10%lxGb'
d'l:nd
cGo
23
#=& M hgr]tgf d'ns tflnd k|fKt u/]sf] hg;+Vof ljj/0f
o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfdf ;+rflnt ljleGg hgr]tgfd'ns tflnd k|fKt u/]sf]
hg;+Vof ljj/0f nfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ hDdf ( j6f hgr]tgfd'ns tflnd x? ;+rfng
ul/Psf]df dlxnf / k'?ifsf] 7'nf] ;+Vofdf ;xefuL /x]sf] h;df ^(@! dlxnf / ^)#@ k'?if
u/L hDdf !@(%# hgfn] hgr]tgfd'ns tflnd k|fKt u/]sf ljj/0f 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&%
cg';f/ tnsf] tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
qm=;= tflnd sf] ljj/0f dlxnf k'?if hDdf
! jrt tyf C0f &$% %@@ !@^&
@ ;+:yfut g]t[Tj #%% @*^ ^$!
# :jf:Yo ^)# $*( !)(@
$ kl/jf/ lgof]hg $*% #@) *)%
% vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ !@%% (&% @@#)
^ kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg !$%^ !@*% @&$!
& l;k ljsf; ##% !&) %)%
* ;fdflhs s'l/ltsf] cGTo !%!@ !*@% ###&
( cGo !&% !$% #@)
hDdf ^(@! ^)#@ !@(%#
>f]t M 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&%
#=* M ckf+utfsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vof(Populatioy disability)
o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfdf 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&% sf cg';f/ k'0f{ czQm ckf+utf -
/ftf] /+usf] _@!k'?if,!(dlxnf hDdf $),cltczQm ckf+utf kl/ro kq -gLnf] /+usf]_
@%k'?if,!^dlxnf hDdf$!,dWod ckf+utf-kx]+nf] /+usf]_ #^ k'?if ,!*dlxnf hDdf %$ ,/
hfthflt
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
If]qLaf|Dx0f
bnLthghftL
d'l:ndcGo
44.84%
23.66%19.09%
11.20%
1.21%0%
hfthflt
hfthflt
24
;fdfGo ckf+utf-;]tf] /+usf]_ $^k'?if ,#!dlxnf hDdf && hgf /x]sf] tnsf] tflnsfdf
b]vfOPsf] 5 .
ln+u
ckf+utfsf cfwf/ hg;+Vof
k"0f{ czQm ckf+utf
-/ftf] /+usf] _
cltczQmckf+utf
kl/ro kq -gLnf]
/+usf]_
dWod ckf+utf-
kx]+nf] /+usf]_
;fdfGo ckf+utf
-;]tf] /+usf]_
;
]
t
f
]
k'?if @! @% #^ $^
dlxnf !( !^ !* #!
hDdf $) $! %$ &&
>f]t M 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&%
#=( M /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf sf] ljj/0f
o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfdf 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&% sf cg';f/ & j6} j8f x?sf]
/f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf sf] ljj/0f nfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ qmdz Hofnf÷dhb'/ ;j}eGbf a9L
#(() hgf, j}b]lzs /f]huf/df %%^ hgf,gf]s/Ldf %!@ hgf,Aofkf/df @@! hgf,/ s/f/
sd{rf/Ldf !&$hgf /x]sf] tnsf] tflnsf / :tDe lrqaf6 b]vfOPsf] 5 .
j8f g= gf]s/L Jofkf/ j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Hofnf÷dhb'/ s/f/ sd{rf/L cGo
! !!% @( !)( %@) !$
46
31
ckf+utf
k'?if
dlxnf
25
@ !@& @) (# $^& #%
# !)( $^ !%( *!& $@
$ $& @& $! %(* !$
% ^% $) %( ^$@ @@
^ ## @^ $! $!& !*
& $^ ## %$ %@( @(
hDdf %!@ @@! %%^ #(() !&$
>f]t M 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&%
#=!) M 5fgfsf] k|sf/sf] cfwf/df 3/w'/L k|ltztdf
o; ufFpkflnsf sf] 3/w'/L ;j]{If0f @)&% sf cg';f/ hDdf %@^! 3/w'/L dWo] ^) k|ltzt
3/ kftfsf] 5fgf ePsf,#% k|ltzt 3/ kTy/ tyf v/sf] 5fgf / % k|ltzt 3/ 5t tyf
n]08/jfnf ePsf 5g .
3/sf] k|sf/ k|ltztdf s}lkmot
kTy/ tyf v/sf] 5fgf #% Ü
kftfsf] 5fgf ^) Ü
5t tyf n]08/jfnf % Ü
>f]t M 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&%
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
j8f g=! j8f g=@ j8f g=# j8f g=$ j8f g=% j8f g=^ j8f g=&
520467
817
598642
417
529 gf]s/L
Jofkf/
j}b]lzs
Hofnf
s/f/ sd{rf/L
26
5fgfsf] k|sf/sf] cfwf/df 3/w'/L k|ltztdf
#=!! M :jfldTjsf] cfwf/df ædlxnfÆ3/d'nL ;DjGwL ljj/0f
o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&% sf cg';f/ hDdf %@^! 3/w'/L dWo]
3/hUuf b'j}df :jfldTj ePsf dlxnf !^ hgf,3/df dfq :jfldTj ePsf dlxnf @* u/L
hDdf $$ hgf dlxnfsf] dfq 3/hUuf df :jfldTj ePsf] tYof+ªs n] b]vfPsf] 5 .
l;=g+= :jfldTjsf] ljj/0f 3/kl/jf/ k|ltzt
! 3/hUuf b'j}df :jfldTj ePsf
dlxnf
!^ #^=#^Ü
@ hUufdf dfq} :jfldTj ePsf @* ^#=^$Ü
# 3/hUuf b'j}df :jfldTj gePsf
dlxnf
) )
$ pNn]v gePsf]
)
)
hDdf $$ !))Ü
>f]t M 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&%
#=!@ M vfg]kfgLsf] >f]tsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/ ;DjGwL ljj/0f
b}n]v lhNnfsf !! j6} :yflgo txx? dWo] efa|÷dh'jf vfg]kfgLsf] ;|f]t a9L ePsf]
kTy/ tyf v/
kftf
n]08/
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
3/sf] k|sf/
60%
35%5%
kTy/ tyf v/
kftf
n]08/
27
of] e}/jL ufFpkflnsf xf] . oxfFsf %@^! 3/w'/L x?dWo] ;j}eGbf w]/} kfO{k jf wf/fsf] kfgL
vfg] #^*# 3/w'/L 5g eg], d"nsf]÷s'jf sf] kfgL vfgL !%&* 3/w'/L /x]sf k|fyflds
;e{]If0f tyf tYofÍ ;+sng @)&% sf cg';f/ tflnsfdf b]vfO{Psf] 5 .
l;=g+= vfg]kfgLsf] >f]tx? 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof k|ltzt
! kfOk ÷wf/f #^*# &) Ü
@ d"nsf] kfgL ÷s'jf !%&* #) Ü
# vf]nf÷gbLsf] kfgL ) )
hDdf %@^! !))Ü
>f]tM 3'/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&%
vfg]kfgLsf] >f]tx?sf] ljj/0f
af0fu+uf vfg]kfgL
70%
30%
0%
wf/f
s'jf
vf]nf
28
?dfnyfg vfg]kfgL
#=!# M OGwgsf] k|of]usf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/ ljj/0f
o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] k|fyflds ;e{]If0f tyf tYof+ªs ;+sng @)&% sf cg';f/
OGwgsf] k|of]usf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/ sf] ljZn]if0f ubf{{{ ;f] ufFpkflnsfdf h+un w]/} /
kxf8L e'efusf sf/0f bfp/fsf] k||of]u ug]{ 3/kl/jf/ $$&@ /x]sf 5g\ eg] %@^ 3/kl/jf/
Pn lk=Uof; / @^# 3/kl/jf/ uf]j/ Uof; sf] k|of]u u/]sf] ;f] ;e{]If0f n] b]vfPsf] 5 .
l;=g+= OGwgsf] k|sf/ 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof k|ltzt
! bfp/f $$&@ *%Ü
@ Pn lk=Uof; %@^ !)Ü
# uf]j/ Uof; @^# %Ü
hDdf %@^! !))Ü
>f]tM 3'/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&%
29
#=!$ M aQL k|of]usf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/ ljj/0f
o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] k|fyflds ;e{]If0f tyf tYof+ªs ;+sng @)&% sf cg';f/
aQLsf] k|of]usf] cfwf/df %@^! 3/kl/jf/ sf] ljZn]if0f ubf{{{ ;f] ufFpkflnsf u|fld0f
ePsfn] / s]lGb|o ljß'lto nfOg k'0f{?kdf ;+rfngdf gcfO{;s]sfn] ljh'nL aQLsf] ;'ljwf
ePsf @(& 3/kl/jf/ /x]sf 5g\ eg] $(^$ 3/kl/jf/ ;f]nf/sf] pHofnf]sf] k|of]u u/]sf]
;f] ;e{]If0f n] b]vfPsf] 5 .
l;=g+= aQLsf] k|sf/ 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof k|ltzt
! ljh'nL @(& & Ü
@ ;f]nf/ $(^$ (# Ü
# cGo ) )
hDdf %@^! !))Ü
>f]tM 3'/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&%
#=!% M Zf}frfno k|of]usf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/ ljj/0f
b}n]v lhNnf v'Nnf lbzf d'QmIf]q 3f]if0ff ePsf] /fli6«o ?kdf k|ltj]bg pNn]v 5
h;sf afkmh'b o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] k|fylds ;j]{If0f @)&% cg';f/ Zf}frfno k|of]usf]
cfwf/df %@^! 3/kl/jf/ sf] tYof+s nfO{ x]bf{ slRr zf}rfno ePsf @)%@ / klSs
zf}rfno ePsf #@)( 3/w'/L /x]sf] pQm ;j]{If0f n] b]vfPsf] 5 .
85%
10%5%
OGwg
bfp/f
Pn lk=Uof;
uf]j/ Uof;
30
j8f zf}rfno slRr zf}rfno klSs gePsf
! @(& $(* )
@ @#^ #*^ )
# %^% ^!@ )
$ @^! $@$ )
% #)% $!^ )
^ !&* $)* )
& @!) $^% )
hDdf @)%@ #@)( )
>f]tM 3'/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&%
#=!^ M j;fO{ ;/fO{ ;DjGwL ljj/0f
;'ljwf nfO{ dWo] gh/ ub]{ o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf !* 3/ kl/jf/n] a;fO{ ;/fO{
u/]sf] s'/f k|fyflds tyf+s ;+sng @)&% n] b]vfPsf] 5 h;df j8f leq cfPsf @
3/kl/jf/ / j8fjf6 aflx/ lhNnf uPsf !^ 3/ kl/jf/ /x]sf] pQm tflnsf df b]vfO{Psf]
5 .
j;fO{ ;/fO{ ljj/0f dlxnf k'?if hDdf d'Vo lhNnfx?
j8f leq cfPsf % ^ @ 3/ kl/jf/
j8fjf6 aflx/ uPsf #^ %$ !^ 3/ kl/jf/ ;'v]{t,abL{of
hDdf !* 3/ kl/jf/
>f]tM k|fylds tyf+s ;+sng @)&%
297
236
565
261305
178210
498
386
612
424 416 408
465
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
j8f g=! j8f g=@ j8f g=# j8f g=$ j8f g=% j8f g=^ j8f g=&
slRr
klSs
gePsf
31
#=!& M vfBfGg cfTdflg{e/tfsf] cj:yf M
g]kfn s[lifk|wfg b]z To;}df e}/jL ufFpkflnsf ;fwg / ;|f]tn] el/k'0f{ x'bf x'b} klg hDdf
%@^! 3/kl/jf/ dWo] !$$$ 3/kl/jf/ # dlxgf eGbf sd vfg k'Ug] tyf u/Lljsf]
/]vfd'gL /x]sf 5g eg] $ b]lv ^ dlxgf vfg k'Ug] !)$( 3/kl/jf/,& b]lv ( dlxgf vfg
k'Ug] !!&! 3/kl/jf/, !) b]lv !@ dlxgf vfg k'Ug] !!^) 3/kl/jf/ / cfkm\g} af/Laf6
vfg k'u]/ a]Rg] $#& 3/kl/jf/ /x]sf] tYofÍ tnsf] tflnsf af6 b]vfO{Psf] 5 .
j8fg= # dlxgfsd
vfg k'Ug]
$–^dlxgf
vfg k'Ug]
&–( dlxgf
vfg k'Ug]
!)–!@dlxgf
vfg k'Ug]
cfKg}af/L jf6vfg
k'u]/ j]Rg]
! @)# !&@ !(@ !%% &#
@ !%% !)# !)$ !^% *%
# @@@ @#& #!& @($ !)&
$ !*# !%@ !$) !&@ #*
% !(& !#$ !&% !%^ %(
^ @!! !!@ !@( !)# #!
& @&# !#( !!$ !!% $$
hDdf !$$$ !)$( !!&! !!^) $#&
>f]tM k|fylds 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f, @)&%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
j8f g=! j8f g=@ j8f g=# j8f g=$ j8f g=% j8f g=^ j8f g=&
cfKg}af/L jf6vfg k'u]/ j]Rg]
!)–!@dlxgf vfg k'Ug]
&–( dlxgf vfg k'Ug]
$–^dlxgf vfg k'Ug]
# dlxgfsd vfg k'Ug]
32
#=!* M hUuf hldg ;DjGwL ljj/0f
o; ufFpkflnsfsf hDdf %@^! 3/w'/L dWo]]] ul/aLsf] /]vfd'gL tyf @ /f]kgL eGbf
sd hUuf /x]sf !$$$ 3/w'/L 5g eg] vfßGg df pRr:t/Lo tyf ;DkGg vfßGg cfk'tL{
ePsf $#& 3/w'/L /x]sf] tnsf] tflnsfdf b]vfO{Psf] 5 .
l;=g+= hUuf hldgsf] ljj/0f kxf8 -/f]kgL_ hDdf 3/w'/L k|ltzt
! @ /f]kgL eGbf sd !$$$ @&=$$Ü
@ @ b]lv % /f]kgL ;Dd !)$( !(=(#Ü
# ^ b]lv !) /f]kgL ;Dd !!&! @@=@%Ü
$ !! b]lv @) /f]kgL ;Dd !!^) @@=)$Ü
% @) /f]kgL eGbf dfly $#& *=#$Ü
^ hUuf g} gePsf] ) )
hDdf %@^! !))Ü
>f]tM 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f , @)&%
#=!( M cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷)&% sf] k+lhs/0fsf]] ljj/0f
o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷)&% sf] k+lhs/0fsf] ljj/0f e}/jL
ufF=kf= sfof{no b}n]v @)&% sf cg';f/ hGdbtf{ hDdf ($( dWo] dlxnf $(& / k'?if
$%@ /x]sf 5g\ eg] d[To'btf{ dlxnf #) / k'?if $* hgf u/L hDdf &* hgf 5g\ o;} u/L
ljjfxbtf{ !$& hf]8L / a;fO{—;/fO{ () hgf / ;DaGwljR5]b\ eg] /x]sf pQm tYof+sn]
b]vfPsf] 5 .
j8fg+ hGdbtf{ ;+Vof d[To'btf{ ;+Vof ljjfx
btf{
a;fO{—;/fO{ s}+
d k' hDdf d k' hDdf uPsf cfPsf
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%
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hDdf $(& $%@ ($( #) $* &* !$& () &
>f]t M e}/jL uf=kf=k~hLs/0f zfvf,@)&%
33
#=@) M cfly{s jif{ @)&%÷)&^ df ePsf] gful/stf tyf cGo l;kmfl/;x?sf] ljj/0f M
qm=;+
=
ljj/0f dlxnf k'?if hDdf s}lkmot
!= gful/stf l;kmfl/; !^& $^% ^#@
@= gftf k|dfl0ft !$ %& &!
# gS;fkf; ;+Vof ) ) $
$ cGo l;kmfl/; ) ) !(!(
>f]t M e}/jL] uf=kf= sfof{no b}n]v @)&%
#=@! M h]i7 gful/s tyf Psn dlxnfx?sf] j8f cg';f/ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf kfpg]
JolQmsf] ljj/0f
qm=; ljj/0f j8f g+=
hDdf
! @ # $ % ^ &
! h]i7 gful/s cGo !!) &( !*# !@) (& ^& !)! &%&
@ h]i7 gful/s blnt #( !# !)! %$ @^ !& @@ @&@
# Psn ljwjf dlxnf ^! && ^^ $$ ^^ #* &% $@&
$ k"0f{ czQm ckf+u % $ & * # & ^ $)
% { cf+lzs czQm ckf+u % !! ^ % ^ @ ^ $!
^ blnt jfnjflnsf !^) !)# #!! !%^ !(& ^* (# !)**
hDdf #*) @*& ^&$ #*& #(% !(( #)# @^@%
>f]tM ufFpkflnsf k+hLs/0f zfvf,@)&%
#=@@ M >lds jfnjflnsfsf] ljj/0f
l;=g+= sfdbf/sf] ljj/0f ;+Vof s}lkmot
! 3/]n' sfdbf/ )
@ xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]06 )
# pBf]u tyf Joj;fo )
$ cGo )
hDdf )
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf= b}n]v @)&%
34
#=@# M hGdbtf{ ePsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof
e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] k+hLs/0f zfvf @)&% sf cg';f/ cl3Nnf] cf=j=@)&$÷)&%
sf] s'n hGdbtf{ ;+Vof ($( /x]sf]df aflnsf -$(&_ / afns-$%@_ /x]sf 5g\ . o;} u/L
rfn' cf=j=@)&%÷)&^ sf] r}q d;fGt ;Dd s'n !@*& dWo] aflnsf ^&$,afns ^!#
hgfsf] hGdbtf{ ePsf] 5 eg] @)&^ sf] afFsL cf=a=sf] ckm8]6 gePsf] s'/f ufFpkflnsf
k+hLs/0f zfvf n] hgfPsf] 5 .
cf=j= s'n hGdbtf{ ;ª\V of s}lkmot
aflnsf afns hDdf
cl3Nnf] cf=j= $(& $%@ ($(
rfn' cf=j= ^&$ ^!# !@*&
>f]tM ufFpkflnsf k+hLs/0f zfvf,@)&%
#=@$ M kl/jf/ ljxLg afnaflnsfsf] ca:yf
ljj/0f aflnsf afns hDdf s}lkmot
kl/jfl/s ;+/If0fljxLg afnaflnsfsf] s"n ;ª\Vof ) ) )
kl/jf/df jo:s JolQm geO afnaflnsf dfq ePsf] ) ) )
cj:yfdf /x]sf afnaflnsf ) ) )
cfkmGtsf] ;+/If0fdf /x]sf afnaflnsf ) ) )
;+:yfut ;+/If0fdf /x]sf afnaflnsf ) ) )
;8s afnaflnsf ) ) )
h]ndf /x]sf ) ) )
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cnkq jf j]jfl/;] cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf ) ) )
a]rljvgdf k/]sf afnjflnsf ) ) )
;|f]tM ufFp Gofo ;ldlt,e}/jL @)&%
35
v08 $ M z}lIfs k'jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf
$=! M ;fIf/tfsf] ljj/0f
o; e}/aL ufFpkflnsf sf] s'n ;fIf/tf (^ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 h;df %%k|ltzt
k'?if /x]sf 5g\ eg] $! k|ltzt dlxnf ;fIf/tf /x]sf] tflnsf / j[Q lrqdf b]vfO{Psf] 5 .
l;=g+ ljj/0f k|ltzt s}lkmot
! k'?if ;fIf/tf %% Ü
@ dlxnf ;fIf/tf $! Ü
hDdf (^ Ü
>f]tM k|fylds ;e{]If0f @)&%
;fIf/tfsf] ljj/0f
$=!=! M z}lIfs ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f
ufFp lzIff zfvf,e}/jL @)&% sf] tYof+s cg';f/ o; e}/jL] ufFpkflnsfdf hDdf $$
j6f ljßfno x? /x]sf 5g\ h;df ;/sf/L ÷;fd'bflos k|f=lj=-!—# / !—%_ @&,
;/sf/L÷;fd'bflos cf=lj=-^—*_ !!, ;/sf/L÷;fd'bflos df=lj=-(—!)_ @,p=df=lj=-(—!@_
#, db/zf -!—%_ ! / ;/sf/L÷;fd'bflos afnljsf; s]Gb| @^ j6f /x]sf] tYof+s
tflnsfdf pNn]v 5 .
ljj/0f ;/sf/L÷;fd'bflos
ljBfno
lghL ljBfno s'n
k|f=lj= sIff !—# / !—% ) @&
cf= lj= sIff ^—* ) !!
k'?if
dlxnf
55%
41%
36
df= lj= sIff (—!) ) @
p=df=lj= sIff (—!@ ) #
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hDdf &)
;|f]t M ufFp lzIff zfvf,e}/jL @)&%
>L e}/a df=lj afn]sfF8f
37
k~rb]jn df=lj=/fjtsf]6
$=!=@ M pRRf df=lj= tyf sn]hx?
o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] pRr lzIff nfO{ a9fjf lbg] tj/n] # j6f ljßfno df -
!)±@_ pRr lzIff sf] sIff ;+rfng u/L ljZjlaBfno tyf sn]hx?sf] hu a;fpg]
sfo{df a9fjf ePsf] s'/f tnsf] tflnsf af6 k|i6\ofO{Psf] 5 .
qm=;+
=
p=df=lj=,sn]hsf] gfd 7]ufgf ;~rflnt sfo{qmd
tyf tx
laBfyL{ ;+Vof
!= k+rb]jn df=lj=/fjtsf]6 e}/jL uf=kf=@ lzIff -!)±@_ %$)
@= lxdfno df=lj=8fl8df8L e}/jL uf=kf=% lzIff -!)±@_ ^%$
#= cfb{z df=lj=3'Dg]vfnL e}/jL uf=kf=^ s[lif -!)±@_ $*$
>f]tM ufFp lzIff zfvf,e}/jL @)&%
$=!=# M z}lIfs ca:yf sf] ljj/0f
o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] z}lIfs ca:yf nfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;du| tj/n] #^!$dlxnf
,#%$! k'?ifsf] ;+Vof,lg/If/ dlxnf @$*,k'?if !*^ /x]sf 5g\ . ;ft j6} j8fsf] t'ngfdf
dlxnfsf] eGbf k'?ifsf] z}lIfs :t/ cuf9L /x]sf] tYof+s tflnsfdf pNn]v 5 .
38
j8f g= xfn ljBfno
hfg] P;=Pn l;= k|df0f kq tx :gfts tx
:gfsf]Q/
tx lg/If/
^—!%jif{
ljBfno
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k' d k' d k' d k' d k' d k' d k' d
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@ $^# $%^ %!* %!% $$) $#^ !#* #( $! & @! ## ) )
# &^% &%) %@) $$( ##^ @%% !!* $# @! % $$ %! ) )
$ #(% $@$ !$$ !)# &# #& @( * % @ @* @& ) )
% $@@ $!( @$$ @!# (& %# $% @! ( # !$ @# ) )
^ $%% $#$ @!& !(% && $! @( !# ^ ! @# #) ) )
& %)( $^( #)$ @@& (! %# %( !* !! @ @( $# ) )
hDdf #^!$ #%$! @@*^ !(&^ !@^) ($# $^& !%^ !)) @@ !*^ @$* ) )
>f]tM ufFp lzIff zfvf,e}/jL @)&%
$=!=$ M ;fljssf uflj;x?sf] s"n ;fIf/tf k|ltzt
=qm=;= ;fljssf uflj; -e}/jL uf=kf_ k|ltzt
!= /fjtsf]6 (%=&!Ü
@= a8nDhL (%=@!Ü
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;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no,b}n]vsf] z}lIfs a'n]l6g,@)&$
$=!=% M afnljsf; s]Gb|sf] ljj/0f
qm=; afn ljsf; s]Gb|sf]
ljj/0f
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;+Vof
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k|f=lj= & @! !@ !$ !( @$ ## #% #* ^! !^%
39
cf=lj= ) $ ! ! ! !( @! $! @ @$ **
df= lj= ) $ ) !) ) ^ ) ^ ) @) @^
hDdf & @( !# @% @) $( %$ *@ $) !)% @(&
>f]tM ufFp lzIff zfvf,e}/jL @)&%
$=!=& M laBfnodf cWoog/t 5fq÷5fqf x?sf] ;+VofTds ljj/0f
tx sIff 5fq 5fqf hDdf s}lkmot
k|f=lj ! %#^ %** !!@$
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hDdf
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40
$=!=( M lzIfs tyf ljBfyL{ x?sf] ljBfnout ljj/0f
qm=;= ljBfnosf] gfd lzIfs ;+Vof ljBfyL{ ;+Vof s}lkmot
! lxdfno df=lj=8fFl8df8L !$ ^%$
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@@ hgtf k|f=lj=d'nkfgL @ %#
@# k~rsf]zL k|f=lj=sf]n8fF8f @ $*
@$ dflnsf Kf|f=lj=ufFFj'''uf}8f @ %#
@% b|f]]]0ffrn k|f=lj=b]pnL @ &(
@$ uf}/L df=lj=afn]sfF8f !! ^$&
@& o'jf k|f=lj=a'8fFgf # *^
@* g]=/f=cf=lj=yfkfjf8f % *^
@( di6fdf0f' cf=lj=8f]qmf & #@(
#) di6f k|f=lj=axfrf}/ # !)^
41
#! e}/a k|f=lj=j/lkknrf}tf/f # !$&
#@ b]ptLaHo} k|f=lj=l;+xfvfnL @ !@!
## af;'wf/f k|f=lj=dfFy]ufFp @ ^%
#$ hg;]jf k|f=lj=b]pnL @ %@
#% b]ptL k|f=lj=rf}/ @ !#$
#^ ;/:jtL k|f=jL=;}g @ ^&
#& k~rb]jn df=lj=/fjtsf]6 !^ %$)
#* g]=/f=cf=lj=dxtf/f ufFp !) ##^
#( di6f cf=lj=di6fyfg * !&*
$) hg;]jf k|f=lj=sf]n8F8f $ &
$! /Tg k|f=lj=s}+g # *)
$@ hgtf k|f=lj=u}/fvf8L # $#
$# hgsNof0f k|f=lj=le/v]t @ $#
$$ k~rsf]zL k|f=lj=afr6fFs'/f @ ^(
hDdf $$ @!% &)!*
>f]tM ufFp lzIff zfvf,e}/jL @)&%
$=!=!) M z}lIfs If]qdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx¿ M
ljBfno 5f8\g] k|j[lQ pRr x'g' M ljBfyL{x¿ k|fydls tx k'/f gub}{ ljBfno
5f8\g], ljleGg lsl;dsf 5fqj[lQ pknAw u/fOPsf] ePtf klg blnt,
cflbjf;Lx¿sf] ljBfno 5f8\g] k|j[lQ pRr x'g' z}lIfs ljsf;sf] afwssf] ?kdf
b]lvPsf] 5 .
sIff bf]xf]¥ofpg] k|j[lQ a9L x'g' M k|fylds txsf] ljBfyL{x¿sf] tYofªsnfO{
cfwf/ dfg]/ x]bf{ sIff bf]xf]¥ofpg] k|j[lQ a9L x'g'n] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ ;'wf/sf]
cfjZostfnfO{ OlËt u/]sf] 5 .
blnt, cflbjf;L hghftL egf{b/ Go"g x'g' M ljkGg, blnt, cflbjf;L hghftLsf]
egf{b/ Go"g x'g' gu/sf] z}lIfs ljsf;sf] r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .
blnt, cflbjf;L hghftL ljBfno 5f8\g] b/ M gu/sf] cf}ift ljBfno 5f8\g] b/df
j[l4 x'g'sf] d'Vo sf/0f cflbjf;L / blntx¿sf] ljBfno 5f8\g] b/df j[l4 x'g' xf] .
ljBfnox? cfly{s ?kn] sdhf]/ x'g' M g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt ;Lldt cg'bfg
tyf ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;d]t cfjZos >f]t h'6fpg g;s]sf] sf/0fn]
42
ax';+Vo ljBfnox¿sf] cfly{s l:ylt lgs} sdhf]/ b]lvG5 . b'a{n cfly{s cj:yfn]
ubf{ z}lIfs ;fdfu|L h'6fpg tyf cGo cltl/St lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug{ afwf
k'u]sf] b]lvG5 .
cleefjsx? rgfvf] gx'g' M afnaflnsfx¿sf] z}lIfs k|ultaf/] cleefjsx¿sf]
rf;f] sd x'g' tyf ljBfnoåf/f ;d]t afnaflnsfx¿sf] l:yltaf/] cleefjsnfO{
hfgs/L glbOg'n] klg z}lIfs u'0f:t/df gsf/fTds k|efj kf/]sf] b]lvG5 .
lzIfs b/aGbL sd x'g' M b/aGbL cg';f/ lzIfssf] sdL x'g' tyf s]xL ;dosf
nflu s'g} lzIfssf] cg'kl:ylt x'Fbf sIffx¿ vfnL /xg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L
lzIfsx¿ tflnddf hfFbf, ;'Ts]/L labf jf ;l~rt labfdf /xFbf ljBfnon]
cNksflnt lzIfssf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5}g . Psflt/ g]kfn
;/sf/af6 cfjZos b/aGbL pknAw gx'g' csf]{tkm{ :yfgLo lgsfo Pjd\
Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] To;sf] cfjZos Joj:yf ug{ g;Sg' cflb sf/0fn] ubf{
cfjZos k|ltkmn k|fKt ug{ ;lsPsf] b]lvFb}g .
/fhgLlts/0f x'g' M ljleGg /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] lzIfsx¿sf] ;+u7gx¿ dfkm{t
lzIfsx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] kf6L{:jfy{ k"/f ug{ k|of]u ul//x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . /fhgLlts
kf6L{x¿sf] bafjsf sf/0f lhNnf lzIff sfof{non] To:tf lzIfsx¿dfly
cg'zf;gsf] sf/jfxL ;d]t ug{ g;s]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o; afx]s Joj:yfkg
;ldlt ;d]t lzIfsx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] bnut :jfy{ kl/k"lt{ ug]{ ;fwgsf ?kdf k |of]u
ub}{ cfPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
lzIfsx?df k|lta4tfsf] sdL M lzIfsx¿n] lzIf0f k]zfnfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ g;Sg'
tyf ljBfyL{n] k|fKt ug]{ k|ltkmnsf] lhDd]jf/L lng g;Sg' klg z}lIfs k|ultsf]
afwssf] ?kdf b]vf k/]sf] 5 . k|foM k7g–kf7g ;dodf gl;l4g' klg d'Vo
;d:ofsf] ?kdf b]lvPsf] 5 .
cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] k|of]u gx'g' M ;"rgf tyf k|ljlwsf] If]qdf cfPsf cTofw'lgs
kl/jt{g / ;'ljwfaf6 ax';+Vos ljBfnox¿ al~rt x'g' klg z}lIfs ljsf;df
afwf k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . k|foM w]/} ljBfyL{ ,lzIfsx¿ sDKo'6/ / OG6/g]6sf] k|of]usf]
;'lawfaf6 al~rt /x]sf] 5g\ .
$=@ M ljBdfg :jf:Yo ;]jfx?
:j:y eP jftfj/0f,:j:y x'G5 hLjg eg] h:t} :jf:Yo lhjg xf] eGg] sygsf ;fy o;
e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] ljBdfg :jf:Yo ;]jfx? ufFp :jf:Yo zfvf,e}/jL / :jf:Yo rf}sL
/fjtsf]6,e}/Lsflnsfy'd / s';fkfgLsf] sfof{no @)&% sf cg';f/ & j6f j8fsf # j6f
:jf:Yo rf}sLx?df k|;'tL u[x ;+Vof $ /x]sf 5g\ h; cg';f/ ufFpkflnsfdf kmfd]{;L
!,lSnlgs !!,aly{+ª ;]G6/M$, :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] k|ltzt &%=, bIf :jf:YosdL{
af6 ;"Ts]/L u/fpg] k|ltzt &%,;'8]gLjf6 ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] k|ltztM!, le;L, dlxnf :jod
43
;]ljsf ;+VofM$$, l6=aL= pkrf/ s]Gb|M#, kl/jf/ lgof]hg sf % lawL / # lawLsf] ;]jf
pknAw :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;+VofM# ue{jtL hfFr klxnf] k6ssf] k|ltztM (), ue{jtL hfFr
rf}yf] k6s ;Ddsf] k|ltztM $%, ;'Ts]/L kZrft hfr u/fpg cfpg] k|ltztM@(/ cf};t
cfo'M^% jif{ dlxnfM%%= jif{ k'?ifM^% jif{ /x]sf] tYofFs tflnsfdf b]vfO{Psf] 5 .
qm=;+= :jf:Yo ;]jf ;+Vof a]8 ;+Vof
! lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no ! )
@ ;/sf/L c:ktfn ) )
# k|;'tL u[x $ *
$ jfn c:ktfn ) )
% cfo'a]{b c:ktfn ) )
^ k|fs[lts lrlsT;f ) )
& :jf:Yo rf}sL # #
* pk–:jf:Yo rf}sL ) )
( k|fylds :jf:Yo :ofxf/ s]Gb| ) )
!) lglh c:ktfn ) )
!! kmfd]{;L ! @
!@ lrlsT;s ;+Vof ) )
!# lrlsT;s cg'kft ) )
!$ lSnlgs !! !!
!% aly{+ª ;]G6/M $ *
!^ kf]ln lSnlgs ) )
!& :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] k|ltzt &%Ü
!* bIf :jf:YosdL{ af6 ;"Ts]/L u/fpg] k|ltzt &%Ü
!( ;'8]gLjf6 ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] k|ltztM !Ü
@) le;L6L s]Gb| ;+VofM )
@! dlxnf :jod ;]ljsf ;+VofM $$
@@ l6=aL= pkrf/ s]Gb|M # #
@# kl/jf/ lgof]hg sf % lawL / # lawLsf] ;]jf
pknAw :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;+VofM # )
@$ la=cf]=;L=-cfwf/e't_M ) )
@% l;=O{=cf]=;L=- ck/];g ;]jf_ pknAw :jf:Yo ;+:yf ) )
44
@^ ue{jtL hfFr klxnf] k6ssf] k|ltztM ()Ü
@& ue{jtL hfFr rf}yf] k6s ;Ddsf] k|ltztM $%Ü
@* ;'Ts]/L kZrft hfr u/fpg cfpg] k|ltztM @(Ü
@( cf};t cfo'M^% jif{ dlxnfM%%= jif{ k'?ifM^% jif{
>f]tM ufFp :jf:Yo zfvf,e}/jL @)&%
$=@=! M vf]k ;]jfsf] ljj/0f
ufFp :jf:Yo zfvf, e}/jL @)&% sf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg cg';f/ ltg cf=j=sf] vf]k
;]jfsf] ljj/0f nfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ cf=j @)&#÷)&$ df lj=l;=lh=nfpg] jfnjflnsf sf]
;+Vof #%@ /x]sf]df cf=j @)&$÷)&% df $^^ / cf=j @)&%÷ )&^ df a9]/ %%* 5 .
o;} u/L cf=j @)&#÷)&$ df l8=lk=l6= nfpg] jfnjflnsf sf] ;+Vof $@^ /x]sfdf cf=j
@)&$÷)&% df $^) / cf=j= @)&%÷ )&^ df a9]/ %@) 5 .cf=j @)&#÷)&$ df
bfb'/f nfpg] jfnjflnsf sf] ;+Vof $() /x]sfdf cf=j @)&$÷)&% df %(( / cf=j=
@)&%÷ )&^ df a9]/ ^#% 5 . cf=j @)&#÷)&$ df kf]lnof] # nfpg] jfnjflnsf sf]
;+Vof $@^ /x]sfdf cf=j @)&$÷)&% df $&% / cf=j= @)&%÷ )&^ df a9]/ %@@ 5 .
cf=j @)&#÷)&$ df l6=l6 -ue{jtL dlxnf_ nfpg] dlxnf sf] ;+Vof $)^ /x]sfdf cf=j
@)&$÷)&% df $^% / cf=j= @)&%÷ )&^ df a9]/ $(& 5 h; nfO{ tnsf] tflnsfdf
b]vfO{Psf] 5 .
qm=;+= ljj/0f cf=j @)&#÷)&$
;+Vof
cf=j= @)&$÷)&%
;+Vof
cf=j= @)&%÷ )&^
;+Vof
! lj=l;=lh= #%@ $^^ %%*
@ l8=lk=l6= $@^ $^) %@)
# x]kf6fOl6; æljÆ ) ) )
$ bfb'/f $() %(( ^#%
% kf]lnof] # $@^ $&% %@@
^ l6=l6 -ue{jtL
dlxnf_
$)^ $^% $(&
>f]tM ufFp :jf:Yo zfvf,e}/jL] @)&%
$=@=@ M ljut # jif{x?sf] kf]if0fsf] cj:yf
;'rsf+sx? cf=j=
@)&#÷)&$
cf=j=
@)&$÷)&%
cf=j=
@)&%÷)&^
% jif{ eGbf d'lgsf] a[l4 cg'udg -k6s_ %%# !!*) !$&#
ue{jtL dlxnfx?sf nflu cfO/g rSsL $@@ %!! %*%
45
ljt/0f-hgf_
ue{jtL dlxnfx?n] k|fKt u/]sf] h'sfsf]
cf}ifwL -hgf_
$@@ %!! %*%
;'Ts]/L ePsf dlxnfx?sf nflu
le6fldg
P ljt/0f -hgf_
$() %!& %$#
^ dlxgf b]lv % jif{ ;Ddsf
jRrfx?nfO{ v'jfPsf] le6fldg P-hgf_
@*%@ @*^% #)#^
! b]lv % jif{ ;Ddsf jRrfx?nfO{
v'jfPsf] h'sfsf] cf}ifwL -hgf_
@%@$ @%() @&(^
>f]tM ufFp :jf:Yo zfvf,e}/jL @)&%
$=@=# M bL3{ /f]usf] sf/0fn] d[To' ePsf jfnjflnsf x?sf] ljj/0f
/f]usf] gfd jflnsf jfns hDdf
Pr=cfO{=le=÷ P8\; ) ) )
dn]l/of ) ) )
Ifo/f]u ) ) )
d'6' ;DjlGw ) ) )
d]g]GhfOl6; ) ) )
s'kf]if0f ) ) )
cGo ================ ) ) )
hDdf ) ) )
>f]tMufFp :jf:Yo zfvf,e}/jL @)&%
bL3{ /f]usf] sf/0fn] d[To' ePsf jfnjflnsf ;DjGwL ljj/0f
jflnsf
jfns
0
0.5
1
0 0
0
0 0 0
0
0
0
0 0 0 jflnsf
jfns
46
$=@=$ M vf]k ;]jf 5f]8\g] afnaflnsfx? sf] ljj/0f
qm=;+
=
ljj/0f cf=j
=@)&#÷)&$
cf=j
@)&$.)&%
cf=j=
@)&%.)&^
;+Vof ;+Vof ;+Vof
! lj=l;=lh= / bfb'/f ) ) )
@ l8=lk=l6,x]k6fOl6;
lj=,Pr=cfO=le
) ) )
# vf]k gnufPsf afnaflnsf ) ) )
>f]tM ufFp :jf:Yo zfvf,e}/jL] @)&%
$=@=% M =s'kf]if0fsf] ljj/0f
ln+u ;+Vof s}lkmot
jfns $
jflnsf !)
hDdf !$
>f]tM ufFp :jf:Yo zfvf,e}/jL @)&%
4
10
s'kf]if0fsf] ljj/0f
jfns
jflnsf
47
v08 % M ;fdflhs k'jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf
%=! M afnSnj tyf afn ;d"xn] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0fM
l;=g=
;ldltsf] gfd ln+Ë hDDff
afns ;+Vof aflnsf ;+Vof
! kf]if0f sfo{qmd $%# %%% !))*
@ Pe/]i6 Snj ) )
# u|fld0f hn;|f]t ljsf; ) )
$ ;'cfxf/f %#) ^!! !!$!
% cfzf ) ) @!$(
>f]t M ;+3 ,;+:yfsf] k|ltj]bg,e}/jL @)&%
%=@ M dlxnf lx;+f ;DjGwL ljj/0f
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ cg';f/ ;fdflhs s'l/lt,dlxnf lx+;f h:tf h3+Go ck/fw
nfO{ sfg'gsf] s63]/fdf Nofpbf Nofpb} klg lx+;fTds ultljlwn] a9fjf lbPsf] kfO{G5 .
t/ o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] ufFp Gofo ;ldlt ,e}/jLsL cWoIf tyf ufFpkflnsfsL
pkfWoIf sf cg';f/ dlxnf tyf 3/]n' lx+;fsf s'g} klg d'ßfx? gePsf]] tYof+s pNn]v
u/LPsf] 5 .
l;=g+= ljj/0f ;+Vof s}lkmot
! 3/]n' lx+;fjf6 lkl8t )
@ ;f}tf /x]sf] )
# j]rljvgdf k/]sf )
$ >Ldfgjf6 lkl8t÷ lkl6Psf )
% 4Gbjf6 lkl8t )
^ ;fdflhs s'l/tL nufO{Psf )
hDdf )
>f]tM ufFp Gofo ;ldlt ,e}/jL @)&%
48
%=# M jftfj/0f tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;DaGwL ljj/0f
– ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno ) j6f
– kmf]x/kfgL k|zf]wgzfnf M) j6f
– kLpg] kfgL k|zf]wgzfnf M) j6f – Nof08lkmn ;fO6 M)
– ;/;kmfO{ Joj:yfkg ;jf/L ;fwgsf] cj:yf M )
– %=$ M kmf]x/d}nf Aoj:yfkg
70. kmf]x/d}nf Aofj:yfkg sf qmddf hDdf %@^! 3/w'/L x?sf] ;j]{If0fsf cfwf/df
;8sd} kmfNg] #%3/w'/L,vf]N;fdf kmfNg] !)# 3/w'/L,cfkm\g} sDkfp08df kmfNg] #&%
3/w'/L,sDkf]i6 dn agfpg] #&% 3/w'/L / sG6]g/df kmfNg] #(%* 3/w'/L /x]sf] pQm
tflnsfdf b]vfO{Psf] 5 .
kfl/jfl/s
ljj/0f
glb jf
vf]N;fdf
;8s
df
kmf]xf]/y'kfg]{
7f+p,sG6]g/
3/df g}
lngcfp5
cfkm\g}
sDkfp08df
sDkf]i6
dnjgfO{G5
yfxf
5}g
kl/jf/
;+Vof
!)# #% #(%* ) #&% &() )
>f]t M 3/w'/L ;e{],e}/jL @)&%
%=% M =;]jf k|jfx ljj/0f
o; ufFpkflnsfdf ;]jf k|jfxsf] qmddf :sf/lkof] !,df]6/;fO{sn *,PDa'n]G; ;+Vof !
/x]sf] s'/f ufFpkflnsf >f]taf6 pNn]v 5 .
!= bdsn M =) ;+Vof
@= :sf/kLof] M ! ;+Vof
3. #= zjjfxg M ) ;+Vof
4. $= k|x/L Eofg M ;+Vof
5. %= df]6/;fO{sn M * ;+Vof
6. ^= PDa'n]G; += ! ;+Vof
0%
100%
0
0 0
0
0
0dlxnf lx;+f
49
%=^ M =s[lif ;]jf s]Gb| sf] ljj/0f
s|=;
ufkf÷gkfsf] gfd Efjgsf] k|s[lt M j6f s}lkmot
Uff]6f sRrL kSsL
! e}/jL,s[lif zfvf, j8f g=% ! sRrL ) xfn ef8fdf
>f]t M uf=kf= s[lif zfvf,e}/jL], @)&%
%=& M kz' ;]jf s]Gb| sf] ljj/0f
s|=;=
ufkf÷gkfsf] gfd Efjgsf] k|s[lt M j6f s}lkmot
Uff]6f sRrL kSsL
! e}/jL,kz' zfvf,j8f g=% ! sRrL ) xfn ef8fdf
>f]t M uf=kf=kz' zfvf ,e}/jL ,@)&%
72. %=* M x'nfs ;]jf s]Gb|sf] ljj/0f
s|=;= ufkf÷gkfsf] gfd
Efjgsf] k|s[lt M j6f
s}lkmot
Uff]6f sRrL kSsL
! e}/jL,x'nfs zfvf ! sRrL ) xfn ef8fdf
>f]t M e}/jL] uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
%=( M ufFpkflnsfsf] xfnsf] ejgsf] cj:yf
s|=;=
ufkf÷gkfsf] gfd Efjgsf] k|s[lt M j6f
s}lkmot
Uff]6f sRrL kSsL
! e}/jL uf=kf=-e}/Lsflnsfy'd_ ! ) kSsL xfn ef8fFdf
;|f]t M e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
ufFpkflnsfsf] xfnsf] ejg
50
%=!) M j;kfs{ jf j; :6]zg
s|=;
=
ufkf÷gkfsf] gfd :yfg If]qkmn - ju{ lsld_ s}lkmot
! e}/jL] uf=kf=j;
:6]zg
8fl8df8L] ahf/ %) ld=
@ e}/jL] uf=kf=j;
:6]zg
vDdufF8] ahf/ $) ld=
# e}/jL] uf=kf=j;
:6]zg
l;nËL ahf/ #% ld=
$ e}/jL] uf=kf=j;
:6]zg
ruqf ahf/ %) ld=
;|f]t Me}/jL] uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
%=!! M l+;rf+O{sf] ;|f]t
s|=;= l;rf+O{sf] ;|f]tsf] gfd ufkf jf gkfsf] gfd j8f g+=
! e}/jL e}/jL] uf=kf= $
@ u8flhpnf e}/jL uf=kf= $
# nDHf]n vf]nf e}/jL uf=kf= #
$ lutfrf}/ e}/jL] uf=kf= %
% 5fd3f6 vf]nf e}/jL uf=kf= ! / @
^ xf8]rf}/ e}/jL uf=kf= ! / @
>f]t M e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
51
e}/jL ufFpkflnsfdf l;+rfO{ x'g] ;|f]t
%=!@ M k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{tf sf] ljj/0f
s|=;= gfd ufkf sf] gfd / j8f g+= s}lkmot
! e}/jL vf]nf sf] k|fs[lts 5x/f e}/jL uf=kf=j8f g=$
@ 5fd3f6 vf]nf sf] k|fs[lts
;f}Gbo{
e}/jL uf=kf=j8f g=!,@
# nDhL ufFpdf /x]sf k+~rb]jnx? e}/jL uf=kf=j8f g=#
>f]t M e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{tf
52
v08 ^ M ef}lts tyf ;fj{hlgs k'jf{wf/
^=! M ufkfsf] 6f9fsf] jl:taf6 ufkfsf] s]Gb|df k'UgnfUg] cg'dflgt ;do- 306f_
Jf8f g+= j8f sfof{no jf6 ufkfsf] s]Gb| ;Dd
k'UgnfUg] ;do
j8f sfof{no jf6 ufkfsf] s]Gb|
;Dd k'UgnfUg] b'/L ls=ld=
! hfxf/df8L b]lv e}/Lsflnsfy'd !=#) 306f $ ls=ld=
@ b]pnfcfpt b]lv e}/Lsflnsfy'd !=!% 306f # ls=ld=
# ruqf b]lv e}/Lsflnsfy'd ! 306f @=% ls=ld=
$ l;nËL ahf/ b]lv e}/Lsflnsfy'd $% ld= ! ls=ld=
% 8fl8df8L b]lv e}/Lsflnsfy'd $% ld ! ls=ld=
^ lth8fF8f b]lv e}/Lsflnsfy'd !=#) 306f $ ls=ld=
& efF6Lrf}/ b]lv e}/Lsflnsfy'd @ 306f % ls=ld=
>f]t M hL=kL=P; ;j]{,@)&%
^=@ M j}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf
s|=;= ufkf÷gkfsf] gfd ;xsf/L
;+:yf
kmfOgfG; j}+s s}lkmot-lghLjf ;/sf/L
s] xf] pNn]v ug]{_
! e}/jL uf=kf= l;len a}+s lghL
>f]t M e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
53
^=# M v'nf If]q
s|=;= ufkf÷gkfsf] gfd d'Vojhf/ s}lkmot
! e}/jL uf=kf= vf]nL]ahf/,b]pnfcfjt,ruqf,8fl8df8L,l;nËL,
vDdufF8],kfgLkf]v/f,AofpnL cfbL .
>f]t M e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
^=$ M crn ;DklQ ljj/0f
-ufkf,s[lif,kz', lzIff, x'nfs, /]Gh/kf]i6 cflb sfof{nosf] Psd'i6_
s|=;
=
crn
;Dklt
OsfO -j6f, ljufxf,
/f]kgL, s7\7f cfbL_
:jfldTjdf /x]sf]
uf=kf÷ gkf
s}lkmot
! Efjg s[lif,kz',lzIff, x'nfs, uf=kf= efF8fdf
@ hldg ^ /f]kgL uf=kf=sf] gfddf
# Uff8L !:sf/kL,! PDj'n]G; uf=kf=sf] gfddf
$ Dff]6/
;fOsn
* uf=kf=sf] gfddf
% cGo d]lzg kmf]6f]skL d]lzg,!$ uf=kf=sf] gfddf
^ cGo )
>f]t M e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
^=% M ;8s ;~hfnsf] ljBdfg cj:yf
qm=;+= ;8ssf] juL{s/0f nDjfO{
ls=ld=
;8ssf] cf};t
Rff}8fO -ld=_
;8sn] ;]jf
k'Uf]sfj8fx?
! dWokxf8L /fhdfu{-pQ/—
blIf0f
% ls=ld !^ ld ! b]lv &
@ ;xfos /fhdfu{ !@ ld ! b]lv &
# u|fe]n ;8s ^ ls=ld * ld !
$ d'n af6f] {-pQ/—blIf0f_
k|fb]lzs ;8s
%) ls=ld !@ ld ! b]lv &
% 9'+uf 5fk]sf] af6f] !%) ld !@ ld # / %
^ l;9L tyf v'8\lsnf %) ld !@ ld ^
>f]t M e}/jL uf=kf=k|fljlws zfvf,@)&%
^=^ M ufFpkflnsf :t/Lo lgdf{0ffwLg ;8sx?
;8ssf] lsl;d cg'dflgt
nDafO
lsdL
;8ssf]
cf};t
Rff}8fO -ld=_
;8sn] ;]jf k'Ug ;Sg] j8f tyf
a:tLx?
54
sfnf] kq]
U||ffe]n ^ ls=ld * ld !
sRrL tyf w'n] @%) ls=ld ^ ls=ld ! b]lv &
>f]t M e}/jL uf=kf=k|fljlws zfvf,@)&%
sfnuf}+8f ;8s
^=& M ufFpkflnsf leq=ljBdfg ;tx 9nsf] cj:yf
;tx 9nsf] k|sf/ ls=ld= df ls=ld= s}lkmot
Xo'd kfOk ) gePsf]
kSsL :Nofa 9flsPsf] ) gePsf]
kSsL :Nofa g9flsPsf] ) gePsf]
hDdf ) )
>f]t M e}/jL uf=kf=k|fljlws zfvf,@)&%
^=* M ufFpkflnsf If]qleq ?6 k/ld6 lnP/ ;+rfng ePsf ;jf/L ;fwgx?sf] ljj/0f
a; rNg]
z'? :yfg
a; k'Ug]
clGtd :yfg
b}lgs ;~rfng x'g]
;jf/L ;fwg ;+Vof
j; :6k ;+Vof -ofq'
r9fpg] cf]/fNg] :yfg_
vDdufF8]
jhf/
b}n]v ahf/ x'b}
;'v{]t ;Dd
! a;,^ lha ] vDdufF8] ahf/,b}n]v
ahf/,;'v]{t
hDdf
>f]tMe}/jL] uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
55
^=( M ufFpkflnsf If]q leq rNg] ;jf/L ;fwgx?sf] ljj/0f
s|=;= ;jf/L ;fwgsf]
k|sf/
;+Vof cj:yf
% jif{ ;Dd k'/fgf] !) jif{ eGbf al9 k'/fgf]
! gLlh !$÷!% #÷$ )
@ ;/sf/L
:jfldTjsf
@÷# ) )
# ;fj{hlgs -
ef8fsf_
!$÷!% #÷$ )
$ s'6g}lts ) ) )
% cGt/fli6«o
u}=;=;=
) ) )
hDdf ##
>f]tMe}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
^=!) M ljkb Joj:yfkg k"j{ tof/L ;DjGwL ljj/0f
o ljkb Joj:yfkg ufFp ;ldlt ag]sf] = 5 .
o ;'/lIft :yfg tf]lsPsf] =5 .
o ljkb Joj:yfkg k"j{ tof/L of]hgf ag]sf] 5 .
o ljkb Joj:yfkg sf]if ag]sf] 5 .
^=!! M zx/L ljB'tLs/0f
o; ufFpkflnsf sf & j6} j8fx?df ljt/0f ul/Psf ljB'tLo u|fx:y nfO{g ;+Vof x?df
@#%, cf}Bf]lus nfOg ;+Vof &, dlGb/df ljt/Lt ;+Vof !, l:jlrª :6]zg –!,6«fGzkmd{
;+Vof # /x]sf 5g eg] cfufdL cf=a= leq %) k|ltzt n] u|fx:y nfO{g ;+Vofdf j[l2 x'g]
b]lvG5 .
qm=;+= ljj/0f kl/df0f -;+Vof_
! u|fx:y nfO{g ;+Vof @#%
@ cf}Bf]lus nfOg ;+Vof &
# Jofkfl/s ;+Vof %%
$ dlGb/df ljt/Lt ;+Vof !
% Vffg]kfgL )
^ ;8s jlQ )
56
& c:yfoL jlQ )
* l;+rfO{ )
( l:jlrª :6]zg – !
6«fGzkmd{ ;+Vof #
>f]t M g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f
^=!@ M b'/ ;+rf/ ;DaGwL ljj/0f
qm=;+= ;+rf/ ;]jfsf] lsl;d kl/df0f s}lkmot
! PSTN 6]lnkmf]g nfO{g )
@ P=8L=P;=Pn= ;]jf )
# OG6/g]6 tyf hL=kL=cf/=P;=
;]jf
) Wireless ;]jfsf] Data Plsg
ug{ g;lsg] ePsfn]
$ df]afOn 6fj/ hL=P;=Pd= !
% df]afOn 6fj/ :sfO{ )
^ hL=P;=Pd= kf]:6k]8 df]afOn )
& hL=P;=Pd= lk|k]8 df]afOn @
* :sfO{ kf]:6k]8 df]afOn )
( :sfO{ lk|k]8 df]afOn )
>f]t M g]kfn b'/;+rf/ ;+:yfg
83. ^=!# M emf]n'ª\u] k'n÷k'n];f ;DjGwL ljj/0f ufpF÷gu/leq kSsL tyf cf/l;l; k'n,
sNe6{ tyf emf]n'u+] k'nx?sf] ljj/0f M
k'n÷vf]nfsf] gfd bfofF lsgf/f
/x]sf] :yfg
afofF lsgf/f
/x]sf] :yfg
lgld{t
;fn
;xof]uL
lgsfo
gfle:yfg vf]nf b'=gkf=!) e}/jL ! @)$& g]kfn ;/sf/
lzl/:yfg vf]nf e}/jL ! gf=gkf ! @)$^ g]kfn ;/sf/
dWokxf8L k'n e}/jL ! gf=gkf @ @)^( g]kfn ;/sf/
le/v]t k'n e}/jL ! dxfFa' @ @)%) g]kfn ;/sf/
bf/]3f6 k'n e}/jL ! dxfFa' @ @)%! g]kfn ;/sf/
ls6'nf k'n e}/jL ! dxfFa' @ @)$* g]kfn ;/sf/
;fnt8f k'n e}/jL @ dxfFa' # @)%! g]kfn ;/sf/
;}g k'n e}/jL % dxfFa' # @)%% g]kfn ;/sf/
s'df{sf]6 k'n e}/jL ^ dxfFa' % @)%* g]kfn ;/sf/
57
tf]/Ld'n k'n e}/jL ^ dxfFa' % @)%& g]kfn ;/sf/
cf?kft] k'n e}/jL & dxfFa' % @)%^ g]kfn ;/sf/
7'nfau/ k'n e}/jL & dxfFa' % @)%^ g]kfn ;/sf/
leqLvf]nf k'n e}/jL & e}/jL & @)%* g]kfn ;/sf/
/fdufF8 vf]nf e}/jL & e}/jL & @)%! g]kfn ;/sf/
gf/f3f6 k'n rf=jL $ e}/jL # @)%* g]kfn ;/sf/
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
84. le/v]t
85.
86.
87. ^=!$ M Jofkfl/s s]Gb|x?sf] ljj/0f
qm=;+
=
Jofkfl/s s]Gb|x?sf
gfd
d'Vo Jofkfl/s j:t'x? s}lkmot
! le/v]t,vf]nLahf/ vfB, v'b|f, sk8f, kmnkm'n,
@ b]pnfcfjt /fjtsf]6 vfB, v'b|f, sk8f, :6]zg/L,cf}ifwL
# 58\g] ahf/ vfB, v'b|f, sk8f, :6]zg/L
$ ruqf ahf/ vfB,v'b|f,sk8f,:6]zg/L,cf}ifwL,
xf8{jo/
% 8fl8df8L ahf/ vfB,v'b|f,sk8f,:6]zg/L,cf}ifwL,
kmnkm'n, ,xf8{jo/
^ l;nËL ahf/ vfB, v'b|f, sk8f, :6]zg/L,cf}ifwL
58
& vDdufF8] ahf/ vfB,v'b|f,sk8f,:6]zg/L,cf}ifwL,
kmnkm'n, ,xf8{jo/
* kfgLkf]v/f ahf/ vfB, v'b|f, sk8f, :6]zg/L
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
^=!% M;fj{hlgs kf6Lkf}jf / rf}tf/f ;DjGwL ljj/0f
qm=;+
=
;fj{hlgs j:t'
ljj/0f
:yfg pkof]u s}lkmot
! a/, lkkn rf}tf/L hnhn] j}7s,;ef
@ a/, lkkn rf}tf/L d8fl;pg j}7s,;ef
# a/, lkkn rf}tf/L b]pnfcfjt j}7s,;ef
$ a/, lkkn rf}tf/L di6f:yfg j}7s,;ef
% a/, lkkn rf}tf/L 58\g] j}7s,;ef
^ lkkn rf}tf/L ruqf ahf/ j}7s,;ef
& lkkn rf}tf/L e'jf6fs'/f,nDhL j}7s,;ef
* lkkn rf}tf/L 8fl8df8L ahf/ j}7s,;ef
( lkkn rf}tf/L sflnsf:yfg j}7s,;ef
!) lkkn rf}tf/L 8f]qmf j}7s,;ef
!! lkkn rf}tf/L ;}g j}7s,;ef
!@ lkkn rf}tf/L dfGd j}7s,;ef
!# lkkn rf}tf/L l;nËL ahf/ j}7s,;ef
!$ kf6Lkf}jf lth8f8f j}7s,;ef
!% lkkn rf}tf/L s'df{sf]6 j}7s,;ef
!^ kf6Lkf}jf ef6Lrf}/ j}7s,;ef
!& kf6Lkf}jf kfgLkf]v/f j}7s,;ef
!* kf6Lkf}jf Aofpn] j}7s,;ef
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
59
^=!^ M v]n d}bfg ;DaGwL ljj/0f
qm=;+= v]n d}bfgsf] lsl;d / cg'dflgt
If]qkmn
:yfg tyf
j8f g+=
s;n]
pkof]u u5{
s}lkmot
! k+Grb]jn df=lj=/fjtsf]6, %) ld e}/jL,@ ljß\ofno
@ lxdfnodf=lj=8fl8df8L, #) ld e}/jL,% ljß\ofno
# cfb{z df=lj=3'Dg]vfnL, #) ld e}/jL,^ ljß\ofno
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
^=!& M kfs{, jg:klt tyf pBfg ;DaGwL ljj/0f
qm=;+ kfs{ tyf jfn
pBfgsf] ljj/0f
:yfg tyf j8f g+= ;~rfns s}lkmot
) ) ) )
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
^=!* M ufFpkflnsfsf] sfof{nob]lv k|To]s j8fs]Gb|;Ddsf] b"/L
j8f g+= ufFpkflnsf s]Gb| /x]sf] :yfg j8f s]Gb|;Ddsf] b"/L -lsdL_
! e}l/sflnsfy'd hfxf/df8L, $ ls=ld=
@ e}l/sflnsfy'd b]pnfcfjt, # ls=ld=
# e}l/sflnsfy'd ruqf ahf/, @=% ls=ld=
$ e}l/sflnsfy'd l;nËL ahf/, ! ls=ld=
% e}l/sflnsfy'd 8fl8df8L ahf/, ! ls=ld=
^ e}l/sflnsfy'd lth8f8f, $ ls=ld=
& e}l/sflnsfy'd ef6Lrf}/, % ls=ld=
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
^=!( M /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfsf] ljj/0f
!= NGOsf] ljj/0f
l;=g NGO sf] gfd /x]sf] :yfg
;Dks{ g
p2]Zo s}lkmot
! ;f];]s g]kfn,
b}n]v
b}n]v,ahf/ vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO{,dlxnf,
cfocfh{g ,s[ifL{ cfbL,tyf
jfnjflnsf .
60
@ Pe/]i6 Snj, b}n]v,ahf/ kf]if0f ;DaGwL hfu/0f
# 8]s g]kfn
$ xft]dfnf] g]kfn hgr]tgf ;DaGwL cleofg
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
@= INGOx?sf] ljj/0f
l;=g+= INGO sf] gfd /x]sf] :yfg
-7]ufgf_
p2]Zo
;xof]uL bft[
lgsfo
s}lkmot
! RVWRMP l;nËL
jhf/
vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO{ ,
cfocfh{g , cfbL
Nepal,finland
,Uro
@ Save the
Children
b}nv jhf/ vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO{ ,
cfocfh{g , cfbL
USAID
#
SIP b}nv jhf/ l;+rfO{ SWISS
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
#= UN Agency/Bilateral Organisations x?sf] ljj/0f
l;=g+
=
UN Agencies
sf] gfd
/x]sf] :yfg p2]Zo ;xof]uL
bft[ lgsfo
s}lkmot
! WFP b}n]v jhf/ kf}li6s cfxf/ UN
@ ;'xf/f b}n]v jhf/ :jf:Yo,lzIff USAID
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
^=@) M ufFkflnsf If]qleq u7g ePsf 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= 6f]nljsf;
;+:yfsf] gfd 7]ufgf
;+:yfsf] lsl;d -
dlxnf, k'?if_
;b:o ;+Vof
s}lkmot
!= ) ) ) )
@= ) ) ) )
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
61
^=@! M kz' wg tyf ;f]af6 x'g] pTkfbgsf] cj:yf ;DjGwL ljj/0f
qm= ;+= lsl;d ;+Vof pTkfbg
! kz'wg :yfgLo pGgt hDdf b"w ln= df;' s]hL pg s]hL
s ufO{, uf]? %#&@ !*% %%%& @)%% ) )
v e}+;L /fFuf @(@% !&%) $^&% %!@% @%)) )
u v;L jfv|f (&*% $$%% !$@$) ) ^@%) )
3 e]8f Rof+u|f !%% ) !%% ) @%)) !%
ª ;'Fu'/ j+u'/ !@) %) !&) ) !@@) )
r 3f]8f,vRr/ !& ) !& ) ) )
5 v/fof] %# ) %# ) ) )
@ k+IfL :yfgLo pGgt hDdf c08f ;Vof df;' s]hL
s s'v'/f !@)%% @)#&% #@$#) %%@) #)%%%
v xfF; !%) () @$) %$) $%)
# df5f %% !%) @)% s]hL !$)
s df}/L 3f/ !)() !%%) @^$) dx s]hL @)%)
>f]Tf M 3/w'/L ;j]{If0f @)&%
^=@@ M ufFpkflnsfaf6 aflx/ lgsf;L x'g] j:t'x?sf] ljj/0f -s[lifhGo, kz'hGo,
cf}Bf]lus, jg k}bfjf/ tyf Jofkfl/s j:t'x?_
qm=;+= cfoft ,lgof{t j:t'x?sf] gfd lgsf;L x'g] jflif{s
kl/df0f-k|lt j6f_
hDdf d"No
! cn}rLsf] lj?af !,%),))). !%,))))).
# s[lif tyf jghGo pTkfbgsf] cfoft
-vfBGg tyf hl8a'6L_
cNnf] tyf g]kfnL sfuh
sf] nf]Stf -!@ Sj'G6n_
^),))).
$ cf}Bf]lus lgof{t - lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L _ kTy/,9'Ëf-@%)))_k|lt j6f !@),))).
hDdf !^,*),))).
>f]tM:ynut cg'udg,@)&%
^=@# M cf}Bf]lus tyf Jofkf/, Joj;fo -lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;d]t_ ;DaGwL ljj/0f
l;=g Jofkf/,Jofj;fo ljj/0f hDdf ;+Vof
b'Uw Joj;foL #@%
6]n;{ %%
62
;'grfFbL Joj;foL !)
efF8f Joj;foL !%
xf]6n Joj;foL %@
km]G;L Joj;foL %)
lSnlgs tyf cf}ifwL Joj;foL !)
t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"n Joj;foL !@
On]S6«f]lgs Joj;foL %
df5fdf;' k;n, Joj;foL #%
x]o/ ;}n'+u tyf ;f}Gbo{snf Joj;foL !
pBf]u *
cf6{ Joj;foL !
a]s/L tyf ldi7fGg Joj;foL )
jfn dgf]/~hg )
a+u'/ kfng !^
sf8{ af]8{ pTkfbg )
af]l8+u :s'n ;+rfng #
7]Ssfk6\6f !)
h'Qf k;n @%
kmf]6f] :6'l8of] $
kmlg{r/ %
lsgf/f k;n tyf Joj;foL #%)
l;=l8=k;n $
k'n xfp; )
c6f] js{;k !
skf; pBf]u )
/fO; ldn $
3l8 /]l8of] l6=eL dd{t !)
k]6«f]n kDk !
d;nf pBf]u )
63
r:df k;n )
kl:dgf k;n )
df6fsf ef8f, d's'08f] tyf ;]/fldS; !
vf]h cg';Gwfg ;]G6/ )
vfhf3/ tyf lrof k;n %^)
9'jfgL ;]jf @)
kf+uf] df6f] Joj;fo )
6o';g ;]G6/ )
xfplh+u )
sfk]{6 k;n )
;/;kmfO tyf kmf]xf]/ d}nf ;+sng )
g;{/L km'n Joj;foL !
s'l/o/ )
dlb/f Joj;fo @%)
>f]tM3/w'/L ;j]{If0f ,@)&%
^=@$ M zx/Ls/0fsf] :j?k
ufFp tyf gu/df ;8s, ljB't, ;+rf/h:tf ;'ljwfx¿ /x]sf clwsf+z If]qdf
zx/Ls/0f k|lqmofn] ltj| ?k lnPsf] b]lvG5 . o; ufFpkflnsfsf w]/}h;f] j8fx¿df u|fdL0f
ljz]iftf /x]sf] kfOG5g\ eg] sltko k|d'v j8f / j:tLx¿df zx/Ls/0f eO/x]sf] zx/f]Gd'v
cj:yfdf /x]sf] kfOG5 . o;sf cltl/Qm clwsf+z If]qx¿ zx/f]Gd'v cj:yfdf /x]sf]
b]lvG5g\ . o; ufFpkflnsfsf w]/}h;f] :yfgdf Jojl:yt of]hgf agfP/ af6f], vfg]kfgL,
9n lgsf; OTofbLsf] ;dod} ljsf; ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
64
8fFl8df8L ahf/
^=@% M zx/f]Gd'v a:tLx¿sf] jt{dfg :j?k
s0ff{nL k|b]z cGt{utsf lhNnfx¿dWo] b}n]v lhNnfdf cjl:yt o; e}/jL]
ufFpkflnsfsf] cfˆg} P ]ltxfl;s dxTj /x]sf] 5 . b}n]v ;b/d'sfd b]lv sl/j # ls=ld=
klZod, pQ/L efu lxdfn,blIf0fL efu a];L ,o; ufFpkflnsfs} cfs{ifs ko{6sLo :yn
e}/jL,lzl/:yfg / AofnnL wd{zfnf xf] . o;}u/L wfld{s tyf P]ltxfl;s dxTj af]s]sf]
k+rsf]zL If]q ko{6sx¿sf] nflu cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb| ag]sf] 5 . of] ufFpkflnsf hnjfo'sf]
cfwf/df a;f]af;sf] nflu kxf8L lhNnfx¿dWo] clwstd pko'Qm dflgPsf] 5 . u|fdL0f
If]qsf] ;8sx¿sf] ;~hfn ljsf;sf] qmddf /x]sf] / lzIff, :jf:Yo ,oftfoft, ;+rf/ h:tf
;'ljwfx¿ klg lhNnfsf cGo gu/x¿sf] t'ngfdf ;'ne /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
^=@^ M a:tL ljsf;df b]lvPsf r'gf}tLx¿
o; ufFpkflnsfsf] a9\bf] hg;+Vof ;Fu} tLa| ultdf ljsf; e}/x]sf] zx/f]Gd'v
u|fld0f a:tLx¿sf] of]hgfa4 ljsf;df b]lvPsf r'gf}tLx¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M
• a:tLx¿df ;'ljwf alu{s/0f sf] cfwf/af6 cfjf; If]q, cf}Bf]lus If]q, ;fj{hlgs
v'nf If]q, xl/t If]q, c:ktfn ljBfno tyf sfof{no If]q cflb u/L zx/L If]q
nufot zx/f]Gd'v Pj+ u|fdL0f If]qx¿sf] ls6fg ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . o;
;DaGwdf a:tLx¿sf] u'?of]hgf klxn] g} agfO{ cfjfl;o If]q Jofj;flos If]q,
cf}Bf]lus If]q, kfs{, pBfg / v]n d}bfg h:tf ;fj{hlgs If]q tyf sfof{no Pj+
;+3;+:yfx¿sf] nflu If]q klxn] g} lgwf{/0f ug'{ h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 .
• a:tLx¿sf] k|fs[lts jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/sf nflu ;fj{hlgs Pj+ lghL ?kdf
65
a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ of]hgfa4 k|of; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljsf;f]Gd'v a:tLx¿af6 lgsf;
x'g] kmf]xf]/d}nfnfO{ ;+sng / k|zf]wg u/L a:tLx¿sf] jftfj/0fnfO{ k|lts'n
agfpg] sfo{ /f]Sg' kg]{ / 7'nf a:tLx¿df 5f8f kz'x¿sf] Joj:yfkg tyf kz'
xf6 ahf/sf] ;d]t Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . vf]nfgfnfdf 9n lgsf; u/L kfgL
k|b[{'if0f eO/x]sf] x'Fbf k|zf]wg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
• ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f sfo{x¿df ;DalGwt lgsfo Pj+ sfof{nox¿ lar ;dGjo x'g
g;ls k'jf{wf/x¿sf] lbuf] lgdf{0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o; ;DaGwdf :yfgLo lgsfo
tyf gful/s ;dfh;Fu ;dGjo x'g' h?/L b]lvG5 .
v08 & M k|zf;lgs tyf cGo ljj/0f
&=! M ufFpkflnsfsf] sfof{nodf xfn sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] ljj/0f
l;=g+
=
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd y/ kb sfo{/t zfvf
! df]xg k|;fb b]jsf]6f k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t k|zf;g k|d'v
@ /fh axfb'/ xdfn n]vfkfn n]vf zfvf
# O{=z'l;nf ld> O{lGhlgo/ k|fljlws zfvf
$ O{=;lGbk a'9f ;'rgf clws[t ;'rgf zfvf
% zDz]/ axfb'/ lji6 l;=c=x]=j= :jf:Yo zfvf
^ lnnf/fd ;fksf]6f k|fljlws ;xfos lzIff zfvf
& lji0f' b]j lu/L gf=;'= k|zf;g,:6f]/
* /fd axfb'/ yfkf k|fljlws ;xfos s[lif zfvf
( snd a=dxtf/f kz' k|fljlws kz' ;]jf zfvf
!) kfj{tL s'df/L af]u6L dlxnf ljsf; lgl/Ifs dlxnf,afnaflnsf
!! r]tg nfld5fg] gf=;'= k|zf;g zfvf
!@ v]d axfb'/ a'9f sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ k|fljlws zfvf
!# 3gZofd l/hfn n]vf,k|zf;g ;xfos of]hgf zfvf
!$ kbd a=dxtf/f ;j—O{lGhlgo/ k|fljlws zfvf
!% z'lgn zfxL ;j—O{lGhlgo/ k|fljlws zfvf
!^ k'0f{ axfb'/ zfxL vl/bf/ k|zf;g zfvf
!& clez]s u'?ª ;=sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ k|fljlws zfvf
66
!* k'0f{ axfb'/ zfxL 8«fO{e/ uf= kf= sfof{no
!( z]/ axfb'/ yfkf sfof{no ;xof]uL uf= kf= sfof{no
@) rqm axfb'/ yfkf sfof{no ;xof]uL uf= kf= sfof{no
@! k|ltdf lj=s= sfof{no ;xof]uL uf= kf= sfof{no
@@ efjgf zfxL sfof{no ;xof]uL uf= kf= sfof{no
@# dl0f/fd nfld5fg] sfof{no ;xof]uL uf= kf= sfof{no
@$ vs]Gb| lji6 sfof{no ;xof]uL uf= kf= sfof{no
@% z}nG]b| s'df/ yfkf j8f ;lrj j8f g=+ !
@^ sNkgf s'df/L yfkf j8f ;lrj j8f g=+ @
@& u0f]z k|;fb l/hfn j8f ;lrj j8f g=+ #
@* dw';'wg pkfWofo j8f ;lrj j8f g=+ $
@( oDkL s'df/ yfkf j8f ;lrj j8f g=+ %
#) k|]d axfb'/ yfkf j8f ;lrj j8f g=+ ^
#! gd/fh yfkf j8f ;lrj j8f g=+ &
#@ eb| axfb'/ yfkf k|zf;g ;xfos j8f g=+ @
## e'jg axfb'/ yfkf ;fdflhs kl/rfns j8f g=+ @
#$ l8n axfb'/ g]kfnL ;fdflhs kl/rfns j8f g=+ #
#% ldgf rGb ;fdflhs kl/rfns j8f g=+ %
#^ /Tg k|;fb kf08] ;fdflhs kl/rfns j8f g=+ ^
#& pk]Gb| axfb'/ sfsL{ j8f sfof{no ;xof]uL j8f g=+ !
#* ly/ axfb'/ sfsL{ j8f sfof{no ;xof]uL j8f g=+ @
#( lzj/fh vqL j8f sfof{no ;xof]uL j8f g=+ #
$) /d]z axfb'/ zfxL j8f sfof{no ;xof]uL j8f g=+ $
$! ofd s'df/ cfrfo{ j8f sfof{no ;xof]uL j8f g=+ %
$@ 3g axfb'/ vqL j8f sfof{no ;xof]uL j8f g=+ ^
$# t'n axfb'/ a/fn j8f sfof{no ;xof]uL j8f g=+ &
>f]t M k|zf;g zfvf, e}/jL ufFpkflnsf,b}n]v
&=@ M ljifout sfof{nox?sf] ljj/0f
l;=g+ e}/jL uf=kf=sf ;/sf/L sfof{no
kmf]g g+=
-sfof{no_
s}lkmot
= ! :jf:Yo zfvf sfof{no, e}/jL, b}n]v
67
@ s[lif zfvf sfof{no,e}/jL], b}n]v
# kz';]jf zfvf sfof{no, e}/jL, b}n]v
$ dlxnf tyf jfnjflnsf zfvf sfof{no,
e}/jL, b}n]v
% lzIff zfvf sfof{no, e}/jL, b}n]v
^ kfgLkf]v/f k|x/L rf}sL, e}/jL], b}n]v
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
&=# M :yfgLo /fhg}lts bnx? sf] ljj/0f
l;=g+
=
bnsf] gfd k|d'v JolQmsf] gfd,y/ kb kmf]g g+=
!= g]kfn sDo"lgi6 kf6L{-g]skf_ k|]d axfb'/ a'9f ;+of]hs
@= g]kfnL sfu|]; ;
'
;'o{ axfb'/ zfxL ;efklt
#= dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{ ltns k|;fb cfrf{o cWoIf
$= g]skf qm|ftLsf/L dfcf]jfbL nlnt ;'gf/ cWoIf
% = /f=k| kf =g]kfn lai0f' k|;fb clwsf/L cWoIf
^= /fli6«o hgdf]rf{ n
f
]
nf]skfn yfkf cWoIf
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
&=$ M ufFpkflnsf;+u ;fem]bf/L u/]sf ;+3 ;+:yfx? -cGt/fli6{o tyf /fli6«o u}/;/sf/L
tyf ;fd'bflos ;+3 ;+:yfx? ;d]t_
l;=g+= ;+3;+:yfsf] gfd sfo{qmd :jLs[t ah]6 s}lkmot
! ;fgf ls;fg kl/of]hgf l;+rfO{ !,^$$)!$%.
@ u|fdL0f hn;|f]q
Joj:yfkg kl/of]hgf
vfg]kfgL,l;+rfO{,cfo
—cfh{g
!,*)!#))).
# RAP3 ;8s tyf oftfoft ) pknAw gePsf]
$ jx'If]lqo kf]if0f
sfo{qmd
:jf:Yo, kf]if0f @),)),))).
68
% ;'xfcf/f kf]if0f ) pknAw gePsf
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
&=% M ufFpkflnsfsf] :yfkgfsfnb]lv xfn;Ddsf k|d'v tyf pk—k|d'v x?sf]
ljj/0f
l;=g+ gfd sfo{ cjlw lgjf{lrt s}lkmot
! k|]d axfb'/ a'9f % jif{ lgjf{lrt, @)&$
@ kb\d s'df/L lji6 % jif{ lgjf{lrt, @)&$
&=^ M ufFpkflnsfsf] :yfkgfsfnb]lv xfn;Ddsf k|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t x?sf] ljj/0f
l;=g+ gfd,y/ kb b]lv ;Dd
! elQmjg ;Gof;L lg=sfo{sf/L clws[t @)&#÷!!÷@( @)&#÷!@÷!#
@ o'j/fh cfrfo{ sfo{sf/L clws[t @)&#÷!@÷!$ @)&$÷^÷@^
# elQmjg ;Gof;L lg=sfo{sf/L clws[t @)&$÷^÷#) @)&%÷#÷%
$ df]xg k|;fb b]jsf]6f k|=k|zf;lso clws[t @)&%÷#÷^ xfn ;Dd
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
&=& M ljut # aif{sf] MMMCPM sf] :t/
cf=j=@)^(.)&) cf=j= @)&).)&! cf=j= @)&!. )&@
kf; kf; kf;
>f]tMlh=;=;= sfof{no,@)&%
&=* M zjbfx, kz' jwzfnfsf] ljj/0f
l;=g+ ljj/0f :yfg cj:yf s}lkmot
! zjbfx gfle:yfg,lzl/:yfg,tf/f3f6,s'/]vf]nf,8De'lty{,
bf/]3f6,e}/jLbf]efg,l5oftnf,sfkmnv]t,;+3f/],;
fFunuf8],s'df{sf]6,s'6L,cf?kft],7'nfau/,/fduf8
cfbL .
dWod
vfnsf]
@ kz' jwzfnf ) )
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
&=( M ljz]if Aofj;flos v]tL / pTkfbg x'g] d'Vo s[lif afnL
ds}, wfg , uFx' , hf}+, sf]bf]
!= ks]6 v]tLeP÷gePsf] - ePsf] eP pNn]v ug]{_
cnf}rL v]tL , cfk , cgf/ , ;'Gtnf .
69
cf]v/ , lslj, df}l/kfng , t/sf/L df]8]n kmfd{ , d;nf jfln
s[lif{ ;Defljt ks]6, Ans tyf hf]g If]qsf] ljj/0f
kmnkm"n ks]6 If]q M
cf+k tyf cgf/ M j8f g+= ! b]lv &
;'Gtnfhft kmnkm"n ks]6 tyf AnsM a8f g=^,&
cf]v/ tyf sLjL ks]6 If]q M j8f g+= ^,&
cn}+rL ks]6 M j8f g+=&
t/sf/L ks]6 M j8f g+= ! b]lv &
df}/L kfng ks]6 If]q j8f g=! b]lv &
t/sf/L df]8]n kmfd{ M j8f g+= !,#,^,&
cGg jfnL ks]6 If]q M j8f g+=!,@,#,^
d;nf jfnL ks]6 M j8f g+=@,^,&
t/sf/L ks]6 If]q
70
&=!) M k|fs[lts >f]t -vfgL÷vlgh cflb_ M
qm=;+= ljj/0f :yfg
! k]6«f]n vfgL lzl/:yfg,e}/jL, !
@ sfOg]l6ª 9'Ëf AofpnL,e}/jL, &
# kTy/ vfgL ufFa'u}+8f / 7'nfle/,e}/jL , &
$ kTy/ vfgL e}/jL / sfpn],e}/jL, ^
% kTy/ vfgL e}/jL:yfg,e}/jL, $
>f]tM :ynut ;j]{If0f,@)&%
&=!! M s[lif tyf kz' ;DalGw bIfl;k l;s]sf hgzlQmsf] ljj/0f
j8f g= kz' ;DalGw s[lif ;DalGw cGo hDdf
k'= d= k'= d= k'= d= k'= d=
!= * $ ^ $ ( $ @# !@
@= $ @ & # ^ # !& *
#= & # ( # % $ @! !)
$= ( $ * $ & % @$ !#
%= ^ @ & % # @ !^ (
^= & ^ ( ^ * $ @$ !^
&= ( # % % & # @) !@
hDdf %) @$ %! #) $% @% !$% *)
>f]tM 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&%
71
&=!@ M cGo bIf l;k l;s]sf hgzlQmsf] ljj/0f
j8f g= l;sdL]{ 8sld{ cGo hDdf
! !! @$ % $)
@ !# !( @ #$
# !* $! !$ &#
$ !) @@ ^ #*
% !@ !& # #@
^ !# @) * $!
& !) @^ # #(
hDdf *& !^( $! @(&
>f]t M 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
j8f g=! j8f g=@ j8f g=# j8f g=$ j8f g=% j8f g=^ j8f g=&
12
6
10
13
8
1312
10 10
12 12 12
15
10
13
9 9
12
5
12
10
kz' ;DalGw
s[lif ;DalGw
cGo
72
&=!# M cf};t cfDbfgL / jrt sf] j8f:tl/o ljj/0f
j8f g= cf};t dfl;s cfDbfgL cf};t dfl;s jrt s}lkmot
! &%)— $)))) @)) —!))))
@ @)))—%)))) #)) —@%)))
# !))) —$)))) $))—!))))
$ !))) —#%))) @))—!))))
% !))) —#%))) @))—!))))
^ !))) —#)))) @))—!%)))
& !))) —$)))) @))—@))))
>f]tM 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&%
&=!$ M j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] ljj/0f
j8f g= ;+Vof jflif{s lelqg] cfDbfgL s}lkmot
! !)( !!,^#^),))).
@ (# *,)^)),))).
# !%( !$,#&,%),))).
$ $! (,(@)),))).
% %( !),#*,$),))).
^ #% *,$),!),))).
& %# (,&@,@),))).
>f]tM 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
j8f g=! j8f g=@ j8f g=# j8f g=$ j8f g=% j8f g=^ j8f g=&
1113
18
1012 13
10
24
19
41
22
1720
26
52
14
63
8
l;sdL]{
8sld{
cGo
73
&=!% M d'Vo k]zfut ljj/0f
j8f g= s[lif kz'÷s'v'/f kfng Jofkf/ cGo
! $@# !% @( @(
@ #@% !! @) @&
# %%% @@ $^ #*
$ #$( !) @& #!
% $!) !$ $) $#
^ #%@ !) #^ #&
& $@@ !% #* $@
hDdf @*#^ (& @#^ @$&
>f]t M 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&%
&=!^ M j]/f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf ljj/0f
j8f g= k'?if dlxnf hDdf
! &(* *!# !^!!
@ %^% ^*# !@$*
# !@&( !#%% @^#$
$ &^% *&# !^#*
% &(! *@@ !^!#
^ ^!! &@) !##!
& &## &*% !%!*
423
325
555
349
410
352
422
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
j8f g=! j8f g=@ j8f g=# j8f g=$ j8f g=% j8f g=^ j8f g=&
s[lif
kz'÷s'v'/f kfng
Jofkf/
cGo
74
hDdf %%$@ ^)%! !!%(#
>f]t M 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f @)&%
&=!& M ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ljj/0f
qm=; gfd, / k|sf/ 7]ufgf
! cfdf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= e}/jL,@ /fjtsf]6
@ >L ruqf s[lif tyf kz'kfng ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= e}/jL,# ruqf
# >L e}/jL s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= e}/jL,& s';fkfgL
$ >L rGb|;'o{ ;fdflhs s[lif ax'd'vL ;xsf/L e}/jL,% 8fl8df8L
% >L di6fyfg art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= e}/jL,! /fjtsf]6
^ >L l;nËL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= e}/jL,$ l;nËL
& >L ?dfn:yfg art tyf C0f ;xsf/L;+:yf ln= e}/jL,! /fjtsf]6
* >L e}/jL dlxnf art tyf C0f ;= ;+:yf ln= e}/jL,% 8fl8df8L
( pHofnf] ;fgfls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= e}/jL,& s';fkfgL
!) Hjfnfd'vL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= e}/jL,! /fjtsf]6
!! s';fkfgL s[lif tyf kz'kfng ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= e}/jL,& s';fkfgL
!@ k~rsf]zL jx'pb]ZfLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= e}/jL,# ruqf
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
5542
6051
j]/f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf
k'?if
dlxnf
75
&=!* M ufFpkflnsfsf] cf=j=@)&%÷)&^ sf]gLlt, jh]6 tyf sfo{qmd
!= ;f]r M
s= æs[lif,ko{6g,xl/ofnL ljsf; / k"jf{wf/ ,e}/jLsf rf/ cfwf/ }
v= ;d'Ggt tyf lbuf]ljsf; ;lxtsf] ;d[4 e}/jL ufpFkflnsf .
u= hnljB't, hl8j'6L, ko{6g, k"jf{wf/ ,Aoj;flos s[lif, / ;'zf;g sf] dfWod af6
cy{tGqsf] ;'b[l9s/0f .
@= nIo M
s= cfly{s / k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] dfWod af6 cfly{s ?kfGt/0f ug]{.
v= lgjf{x d'vL s[lif{ / kz'kfng nfO{ ljljlws/0f ub}{ Joj;flos pGgtL / cfTdlge{/
jgfpg].
#= p2]Zo M
s= ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf] k|d'v cfwf/lznf /x]sf] lzIff If]qdf ljBdfg sld sdhf]/L x6fO{
;'ljwf ;DkGg lzIf0f ;+:yf x?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
v= cfwf/e't txsf] :jf:Yo ;'ljwf tyf :jR5 vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfO{ sf] plrt k|aGw
ldnfpg] .
u= rf}tkmL{ ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos ef}lts k"jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
3= s[lif / kz'kfng If]q sf ]Joj;flos pTkfbg ul/ plrt jhfl/s/0fsf] nflu s[lif
;+sng s]Gb|x?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .
ª = ! j8f ! pTkfbg sfo{qmdsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
r= ;fj{hlgs, gLlh, ;fem]bf/L sf]dfWod af6 cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] z'?jft ug]{ .
$= ck]lIft pknlAw M
s= k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] k|d'v cfwf/sf] ?kdf /x]sf] k~rsf]zL ko{6lso If]qsf] ljsf; b}n]v
lhNnf ;b/d'sfd b]lv k|b]z tyf ;+l3o /fHo ;Dd lj:tf/ / :t/f]GgtL ePsf] x'g] 5 .
v= ;}¢flGts lzIff k|0ffnL qmdzM Joj;flos / k|ljlwo'Qm lzIff k|0ffnLdf ?kfGt/0fsf]
z'?jft ePsf] x'g]5 .
u= o; ufpFkflnsfdf /x]sf ljleGg vfgLx?af6 u'0f:t/Lo ;fdfu|Lx?sf] pTvgg / k|zf]w
eO{ plrt ljlqmljt/0fsf] yfngL x'g]5 .
3= ;j}j8f x?df cfwf/e't :jf:Yo ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] k|Tofe'tL x'g]5 .
ª =:jR5 vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfO{ sf] kx'Fr df a[l¢ x'g]5 .
r= Joj;flos s[lif / kz'kfng af6 pTkflbt s[lif / kz'hGo pTkfbgsf] plrt jhfl/s/0f
af6 lgof{t df a[l¢ x'g]5 .
5= wfld{s tyf PltxfFl;s dxTjsf ;Dkbfx?sf] plrt dd{t ;Def/, ;+/If0f eO{ ko{6lso
uGtJosf] ?kdf ljsf; xg]5 .
76
%= aflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ubf{ cjnDag ul/Psf k|d'v cfwf/x? M
o; ufpFkflnsfsf] jflif{s jh]6 tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ubf{ k|To]s j8fsf 6f]n tyf
a:tL:t/af6 k|fKt ljifout If]q cg';f/ ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf 5gf}6 k|lqmof
cjnDag ul/ aflif{s gLlt, ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ul/ ufpF;ef n] of]hgf tyf
sfo{qmd :jLs[t ug]{k|lqmof cjnDag ul/Psf]5 . h;nfO{ tkl;n adf]lhd sf] ljifo If]q
df ljefhg ul/Psf]5 .
s= cfly{s ljsf; If]q M– s[lif, pBf]u tyf afl0fHo, ko{6g, ;xsf/L tyf ljlQo
v= k"jf{wf/ ljsf; If]q M– ;8s, l;rfO{, ejg tyf ;x/L ljsf;, phf{, 3/]n 'tyf
n3'pBd / ;+rf/ .
u= ;fdflhs ljsf; If]q M– lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{, ;+:s[lt k|j4{g , n}lus
;dfgtf tyf ;dfj]lzs/0f .
3=jftfj/0f tyf ljkb\Joj:yfkg If]q M– jg tyf e"M;+/If0f, hnfwf/ ;+/If0f, jftfj/0f
;+/If0f, hnjfo' kl/jt{g , kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg, hn pTkGg k|sf]k lgoGq0f, ljkb\
Joj:yfkg .
ª = ;+:yfut ljsf; tyf ;]jf k|jfx M– dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf; ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf;,
;+:yfut k"jf{wf/ .
r= ljlQo Joj:yfkg / ;'–Zff;g M– g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt cg'bfg, o; ufpFkflnsfsf]
cfGtl/s cfo tyf cGo u}/;/sf/L / bft[ lgsfox?af6 k|fKt cg'bfg / ;fem]bf/L sf]ifsf]
/sd af6 cfjZos ljlQo Joj:yf ul/g'sf] ;fy} ljlQo ;'zf;gsf] nflu kf/blz{tf /
hjfkmb]lxtf sf] gLlt cjnDjg ul/Psf] 5 .
^= d'Vo d'Vo cfof]hgf tyf lqmofsnfkx? M
s= ;xsf/L tyf ;fd'bflos ;+:yf dfkm{t Joj;flos s[lif tyf kz'kfng .
v= ljsf;sf k|d'v k"jf{wf/sf] ?kdf /x]sf] ;8s ;~hfn nfO{;j} j8fdf lj:tf/ :t/f]GgtL
ug]{.
u= xfn ljB'tLs/0f e}/x]sf] gf=g=kf= / b'Nn' gkf b]lv o; ufpFkflnsfsf] s]Gb|
e}l/sflnsfy'd ;Dd ljB't ;+hfn lj:tf/ ug{sf]nflu g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f;+u ;dGjo
ul/ sfo{ k|f/De ug]{ .
3= :jR5 vfg]kfgL cfwf/e't :jf:Yo ;]jf ;'ljwf / ;/;kmfO{;+u ;DalGwt sfo{qmd x?
;DalGwt lgsfox? ;u ;dGjo ul/ ;+rfng ug]{ .
ª = ljkb\Joj:yfkg sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
r= ;j} k|sf/sf lje]b / lx+;f d'Qm ufpFkflnsf jgfpgsf]nflu ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/ jfnfx?
;+u cfjZos ;dGjo ul/ hgr]tgfd'ns sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ .
5= o; ufpFkflnsfsf ;a} If]qdf k|efjsf/L ;+rf/ ;'ljwfsf]nflu g]kfn 6]lssd;+u
77
;dGjo ul/ tTsfn sfo{ yfngL ug]{ .
h=u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] nflu k]zfut bIftf clea[l¢ tflnd, uf]i7L, l;sfO{ ofqf, k9fO{ d]nf
h:tf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ .
em=dlxnf,jfnjflnsf,blnt,hghflt,ckfË / cfly{s ?kn] lk5l8Psf ju{sf ];fdflhs /
cfly{s pGgtLsf nflu ljleGg ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?;+u ;dGjo ul/ cfocfh{g d'ns,
l;kd'ns tyf r]tgfd'ns sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .
& jflif{s sfo{qmdaf6 nlIft tkm{ lalgof]lht ah]6 tyf vr{sf] ljj/0f M–
pNn]lvt gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nfuL ljifout If]q cg';f/
ufpFsfo{kflnsfdf Jofks 5nkmn e} ufpF;efaf6 l:js[lt cf=j= @)&%÷)&^ sf]
cg'dflgt lalgof]lht tyf vr{sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
e}/jL ufpFkflnsf
cf=a= )&%.)&^ sf] /fhZj afF8kmfF8 tkm{sf] cfDbfgL tyf vr{sf] cg'dflgt
ljj/0f
qm=;+= vr{ zLif{s vr{ zLif{s
;+s]t /sd s}lkmot
1 sd{rf/L kfl/>lds 21111 9000000
2 kbflwsf/L kfl/>lds 21112 4750000
3 kf]zfs eQf 21121 400000
4 :yfgLo eQf 21131 2200000
5 dx+uL eQf 21132 850000
6 lkmN8 eQf 21133 300000
7 a}7s eQf 21134 900000
8 cGo eQf 21139 300000
9 kbflwsf/L a}7s eQf 21141 2500000
11 sd{rf/L sNof0f sf]if 21214 300000
12 kfgL tyf lah'nL 22111 30000
13 ;+rf/ 22112 800000
15 O{Gwg kbflwsf/L 22211 700000
16 O{Gwg sd{rf/L 22212 800000
17 ;jf/L ;fwg dd{t 22213 700000
18 ;jf/L ;fwg ljdf tyf
gjLs/0f 22214 350000
19 d;nGb tyf sfof{no
;fdfu|L vr{ 22311 3700000
78
20 kqklqsf,5kfO{ tyf
;"rgf k|sfzg 22315 500000
21 ;]jf / k/fdz{ vr{ 22411 6076000
22 ;"rgf k|0ffnL tyf
;km\6j]/ ;+rfng vr{ 22412 300000
23 s/f/ ;]jf z'Ns 22413 500000
24 sd{rf/L tflnd vr{ 22511 1500000
25 ;Lk ljsf; tyf
hgr]tgf tflnd tyf
uf]i7L ;DaGwL vr{ 22512 500000
26 sfo{qmd vr{ 22522 1500000
27 cg'udg d'Nof+sg vr{ 22611 3500000
28 ;?jf e|d0f vr{ 22612 600000
29 ljljw vr{ 22711 5000000
30 ;ef ;+rfng vr{ 22721 300000
31
cfly{s ;xfotf-lakGg
gfu/Ls cf}iflw
pkrf/,rGbf tyf
k'/:sf/_ 25315 1000000
32 3/ ef8f 28142 1000000
33 ;jf/L ;fwg tyf
d]lzg cf}hf/ ef8f 28143 1000000
34 e}k/L cfpg] rfn' vr{ 28911 700000
hDdf rfn' vr{
52556000 >f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
e}/jL ufpFkflnsf
cf=a= )&%.)&^ sf] k"hLFut vr{ tkm{sf] cfDbfgL tyf vr{sf] cg'dflgt ljj/0f
qm=;+
= vr{ zLif{s /sd s}lkmot
! sG6Lh]G;L 2300000
@ ;fem]bf/L 4500000
# ;fd'bflos laB'lts/0f ;fFem]bf/L 10315000
$ ;km\j]o/ vl/b 850000
% ufpFkflnsf sf] kfZj{lrq lgdf{0f tyf la:t[t
kl/of]hgf k|:tfj tof/ ug]{ 1700000
^ d]l;g cf}hf/ 1100000
79
& kmlg{r/ 2000000
* lakb\Aoa:yfkg sf]if 1200000
( dd{t ;Def/ sf]if 1000000
!) ;jf/L ;fwg 9400000
!! ufpFkflnsf sf] ejg lgdf{0f 12000000
!@ :jf:Yo zfvf 4000000
!# s[lif lasf; zfvf 5600000
!$ kz'lasf; zfvf 5000000
!% lzIff zfvf 2000000
!^ dlxnf lasf; zfvf 1500000
zflGtdGqfnosf qmdfut of]hgfx?
!& k~rb]jn df=la= ejg lgdf{0f 1425000
!* di6fsf]d"naf/f] lgdf0f{ p=;= 425000
!( b]plt k|f=la= ejg lgdf{0f e}/aL % 525000
@) b]plt k|f=la= ejg lgdf{0f e}/aL # 425000
@! b]jlt k|f=la= ejg lgdf{0f e}/aL % 8fu/ufpF 800000
@@ dxfb]j df=la= ejg lgdf{0f e}/aL & 925000
ufpFkflnsf sf qmdfut of]hgf lgdf{0f
@# k~rb]jn df=la= ejg lgdf{0f 1000000
@$ ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo O{sfO e}/aL ! Efjg lgdf{0f 400000
@% cf=la= dxtf/fufpFF ejg lgdf{0f e}]/aL ! 500000
@^ lai6af8f uf}lg aFxfrf}/ ;8s 408000
@& l/+uf6] sflnsf dGbL/ 55000
@* sflnsf :ofpn] ;8s:t/f]Gglt 23000
@( z}lIfs u'0f:t:t/ a[lb| cg'bfg 10044000
#) Aofpln ;8s lgdf{0f 3500000
#! sF8]lg ;8s lgdf{0f 1000000
#@ cfb{z df=la= s[lif SofDk; cg'bfg 1000000
## 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pWff]u Ifdtf tyf l;klasf; 1000000
#$ >L:yfg {w'lg 3/ dd{t tyf sDkfp08 3]/af/ 500000
#% e}/aL dGbL/ wd{zfnf lgdf{0f ;fFem]bf/L 300000
#^ Aofpln dGbL/ 3]/af/ 200000
#& /fwfs[i0f dGbL/ cltlyu[x lgdf{0f 300000
#* ;}nfGo kj{t kfs{ lgdf{0f a8nDhL 600000
#( gfu t6aGwg 300000
80
$) d':nLd buf{ cltly ejg lgdf{0f 200000
$! ;'uf;}lg l;Dnfrfvf,dGbL/ lgdf{0f of]hgf 150000
$@ k~rb]jn df=la= ejg lgdf{0f ut cf=a=
@)&$ .)&% sf] qmdfut df
350000
$# 8]sg]kfn blnt nIfLt Ifdtf lasf; 300000
$$ v]ns'b lasf; sfo{qmd 500000
$% k|ltlglwx?sf nflu :yflgo ;/sf/ ;~rfng
tyf z';fzg ;DaGwL tflnd
400000
$^ vfg]kflg dd{t tyf ;+/If0f / kfO{k vl/b
lat/0f
742000
$& Goflos ;ldlt sf nflu Aoa:yfkg tyf
Gofo tyf r]tgf d"ns tflnd
500000
$* /fjtsf]6 x'b} s';fkflg ;8s dd{t 700000
$( ;lxbu]6 8fFl8dfl8 s'zfkflg ;8s :t/f]Gglt 5000000
%) u0f]zdfg :d[ltk|lti7fg ejg lgdf{0f 700000
hDdf 99662000
>f]tM e}/jL uf=kf=sf] sfof{no,@)&%
&=!( M ufFpkfnLsf df x'g;Sg] ;+efljt k|sf]ksf] ljj/0f
e'sDk e"sDkLo hf]lvdsf b[li6sf]0fn] g]kfn !! :yfgdf /x]sf] / ufFpkflnsfdf
e'sDk k|lt/f]wfTds ejg sd ePsf], ejg cfrf/ ;+lxtf k"0f{?kdf nfu' gePsf]
kxf8L If]qdf cjl:yt /x]sf]n] h'g;'s} ;dodf klg ;+efljt k|sf]k x'g ;Sg] .
e"–Ifo tyf klx/f] ufFpkflnsfdf e"–;+/If0f / agf]6 hl6n / sdhf]/ ePsf],
ufFpkflnsfdf le/kfvfx¿ k|z:t /x]sf] tyf j8f g=^ / & sf kxf8 km'6\g]
hf]lvdsf sf/0f o; ufFpkflnsf sf w]/} efu klx/f]sf] nflu w]/} ;+j]bgzLn 5g\ .
le/fnf] hldg, h+undf cfunfuLsf] ;+efjgf /x]sf], ;r]tgfsf] cefj, cUgL
lgoGq0fsf] cefj, cflb sf/0fn] cfunfuLsf nfuL ;+j]bgzLn /x]sf] 5 .
df};dL st} ;'Vvf ePsf sf/0f s'g} efux¿df v]tLkftLsf nflu aif]{ kfgLd} e/kg'{
kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] / kfgL gk/]df s'nfsf] l;rfO{+ gk'u]sf If]qx?df df};dL ;'Vvf
/xg] ub{5 . c;f/–ebf} ;Dd ls6 cft+s hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0f r6\ofª,
cl;gf,xfjf x'/L sf] ;+efjgf .
&=@) M e"—Ifo ;+efljt If]q
of] ufFpkflnsf lxdfno kj{t >[+vnfsf] dWo efudf kg]{ tyf e"Ifosf] b[lifsf]0fn]
;+j]bglzn If]qdf kb{5 . dflg;sf] a;fO{ ;/fO{sf sf/0faf6 To; If]qdf kl//x]sf]
81
jgljgf;sf] rfk clgolGqt 89]nf], r/Lr/fp, uf]7 tyf vs{ /fVg] k|a[lQ Pj+ cJojl:yt
9+un] 9+'ufx¿ lemSgfn] k|fs[lts ;Gt'ng lau|g uO{ o; If]qaf6 a;]{gL u]Uf|fgLx¿ tnsf]
gbLx¿df aUg] / gbL ;txnfO{ psf/L a:tL Pj+ v]tL tkm{ clgolGqt af9Lsf] k|sf]k
s]Gb|Lt ePsf] 5 . o;/L lxdfno kj{t / To;sf] km]bLdf cjl:yt ljleGg j:tL / ToxfFaf6
lg:sg] vf]nfx¿ ;d]t ;du| e"–Ifo k|0ffnLdf cfa4 x'g k'u]sf 5g . d"ntM ufFpkflnsfdf
k|d'v ?kdf gbL k|0ffnLx¿sf] jl/k/L g} s]Gb|Lt eP/ /x]sf] dfgj a:tLsf] dfgjLo
ultljlwn] / cg'Tkfbs kz'x¿sf] rfkn] of] ;+j]bglzn If]qdf e"Ifosf] b[li6sf]0fn]
cToflws k|lts'n k|efj kf/]sf] 5 . lxdfno kj{t >[+vnfaf6 v:s]/ cfpg] klx/f]sf] lj:tf/
If]qaf6 z'? x'g] u]u|fgx¿ vf]nfdf gc6fO{ gbL If]q eGbf aflx/ km}lng] / sxL s6fg /
sxL e/fg ub}{ d?e'dLs/0fs]f k|lqmofnfO{ tLa| agfO/x]sf 5g\ . o;qmdnfO{ /f]Sgsf] nflu
cNksflng, dWosflng / bL3{sflng pkfox¿ canDag ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf
/fVb} cNksflng pkfosf] ?kdf :k/ Pj+ t6aGw lgdf{0f ug]{ dWosflng pkfosf] ?kdf
k|efljt If]qsf] jl/k/L j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ / bL3{sflng pkfosf] ?kdf ;Dk"0f{ lxdfno If]qnfO{
cf/lIft ug]{ tkm{ cl3 a9\g' kg]{ b]lvG5 . pNn]lvt If]qnfO{ dfgjLo ultljlwaf6 ck|efljt
kfg]{ / ;+3g hnfwf/ If]q ;+/If0f sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
&=@! M ufFpkfnLsf cfkm}n] jgfPsf P]g, lgod, ljlgod sf] ljj/0f
!= e}/jL ufFpkflnsf -sfo{ ljefhg_ lgodfjnL,@)&$
@= e}/jL ufFpkflnsf -sfo{ ;Dkfbg_ lgodfjnL,@)&$
#= e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] cfly{s P]g,@)&$
$= e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] ljlgof]hg P]g,@)&$
%= e}/jL ufFpkflnsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] cfrf/;+lxtf P]g,@)&$
^= e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] ljlgof]hg P]g,@)&%
&= e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] cfly{s P]g,@)&%
*= e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] lg0f{o jf cfb]z / clwsf/kq sf] k|df0fLs/0f -
sfo{ljlw_ lgodfjnL,@)&%
(= e}/jL /fhkq,@)&%
&=@@ ufFpkflnsfsf] cGo tx ;+usf] cGt/ ;DaGw tyf ;fem]bf/ ;+3÷;+:yf
s'g} klg ufpFkflnsfsf] csf]{ ufpFkflnsfsf ;Fu s'g} g s'g} ?kdf Ps cfk;df
;DaGw /x]sf] x'G5 . ;DaGwsf] k|s[lt / b'/L ufFpkflnsfx¿ lar km/s–km/s x'g ;S5 .
dfgj ljsf;sf] lglDt ljleGg :yfgx¿df cfjt hfjt ug'{ kg]{, pknAw ;|f]t / ;fwgsf]
kl/rfng ug{] qmddf Ps ufFpkflnsfn] csf]{ ufFpkflnsfdf lge{/ /xg' kg]{ x'G5 . tL
cGt/lge{tfsf d'Vo If]qx¿, oftfoft, a;fO{;/fO{, s[lif tyf kz' pkh, jg k}bfj/, ko{6g,
82
/f]huf/L, k|fs[lts ;|f]t pkof]u Pj+ Joj:yfkg, lzIff, :jf:Yo cflb x'g\ . o;
ufFpkflnsfdf ePsf ljljw vfn] ;'ljwf k|fKt ug{ cGo ufpFkflnsfaf6 cfpg] ;+Defjgf
b]lvG5 . cGo kxf8L÷t/fO{ If]qaf6 s[lif / aghGo pTkfbgx¿ o; ufFpkflnsfdf lelqg]
;+Defjgf 5 oxfFsf] ljleGg 3/]n' pBf]uaf6 pTkflbt j:t' tyf ljleGg ;]jfx¿ cGo
ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsf;Dd lgof{t ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 h;n] ubf{ oxfFsf :yfgLo
afl;Gbfsf] cfo:t/df a[l4 x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 . oL ljljw sf/0fn] cGt/
gu/kflnsf÷ufpFkflnsf ;+usf] ;DaGw cem a9L ;'b[9 ePsf] b]lvG5 .
o; e}/jL ufFpkflnsfsf] l5d]sL gu/kflnsf, ufpFkflnsf tyf lhNnf ;dGjo
;ldlth:tf ;/sf/L lgsfox?;Fu /fd|f] ;DaGw /x]sf] 5 . kmntM o; If]qsf] ljsf;fTds
s[ofsnfksf] ;~rfngdf ;dGjo ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o
u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf;Fu ;d]t /fd|f] ;DjGw /x]sf] 5 .
xfn o; ufFpkflnsf If]qdf ul/aL lgjf/0f ;+:yf, ;'cfxf/f,;fgf ls;fg kl/of]hgf,
8]s g]kfn, u|fld0f hn;|f]t Aofj:yfkg kl/of]hgf,ax'If]lqo kf]if0f sfo{qmd,;f];]s
g]kfn,Pe/]i6 Snj,8]s g]kfn,xft]dfnf] g]kfn,RAP3,WEP,Save the Children,h:tf /fli6«o u}/
;/sf/L ;+:yfx? sfo{/t 5g\ .
&=@# ufFpkfnLsfsf j8fut ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx? -s[lif,hnljB't,ko{6g,pBf]u _
j8f g+= ! sf] kl/ro
१= j8f sf] s]Gb| M hfxf/df8L
@ =k|d'v ko{6sLo :ynx? M >L:yfg cv08÷nnf6 Hjfnf
# = j8fsf pTkfbg M
s[ifL pTkfbg M
;'Gtnf, cf?av8f, cb'jf, a];f/,3/ t?n, wfg, uFx', ds}, uxt,l;dL,
s]/fp, sfFqmf, lrlrgf, s]/f, wlgof, ;'gsfpnL, af]8L,sf]bf],Kofh,
lxpFb] cfn', cfFk cfbL .
jg pTkfbg M ;Nnf] , ;fn , ;fh, vgfof], l;ptf/f, l;dn, 6'lg, sfkmn, Hofd'gf,
6]d'gf, enfof] ,j/ ,lkkn ,cdnf, cDaf, lrG8], plt;, l6dLnf], cfbL
vgLh M 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf
83
j8fg+=@ sf] kl/ro
!= j8fsf] s]G› M b]pnfcfpt
@= k|d'v ko{6sLo :ynx? M k~rb]jn /fjtsf]6,sf]6
#= j8fsf pTkfbg
s[ifL pTkfbg
;'Gtnf, cf?av8f, cb'jf, a];f/,3/ t?n, wfg, uFx', ds}, uxt, l;dL,
s]/fp, sfFqmf, lrlrgf, s]/f, wlgof, ;'gsfpnL, af]8L,sf]bf],Kofh, lxpFb]
cfn', cfFk cfbL .
jg pTkfbg ;Nnf] , ;fn , ;fh, vgfof], l;ptf/f, l;dn, 6'lg, sfkmn, Hofd'gf,
6]d'gf, enfof] ,j/ ,lkkn ,cdnf, cDaf, lrG8], plt;, l6dLnf] cfbL . vgLh 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf
j8f g+= # sf] kl/ro
84
!= j8fsf] s]G› M ruqf
@= k|d'v ko{6sLo :ynx? M w'n]:j/,af0f u+uf,k~rb]jn nDhL
#= j8fsf pTkfbg M
s[ifL pTkfbg ;'Gtnf, cf?av8f, cb'jf, a];f/,3/ t?n, wfg, uFx', ds}, uxt, l;dL,
s]/fp, sfFqmf, lrlrgf, s]/f, wlgof, ;'gsfpnL, af]8L,sf]bf],Kofh, lxpFb]
cfn', cfFk cfbL .
jg pTkfbg
;Nnf] , ;fn , ;fh, vgfof], l;ptf/f, l;dn, 6'lg, sfkmn, Hofd'gf,
6]d'gf, enfof] ,j/ ,lkkn ,cdnf, cDaf, lrG8], plt;, l6dLnf] cfbL .
vgLh 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf
j8f g+= $ sf] kl/ro
!= j8fsf] s]G› M l;n+uL ahf/
@= k|d'v ko{6sLo :ynx? M e}/aL lty{:yn
#= j8fsf pTkfbg s[ifL pTkfbg ;'Gtnf, cf?av8f, cb'jf, a];f/,3/ t?n, wfg, uFx', ds}, uxt, l;dL,
s]/fp, sfFqmf, lrlrgf, s]/f, wlgof, ;'gsfpnL, af]8L,sf]bf],Kofh, lxpFb]
cfn', cfFk cfbL .
jg pTkfbg ;Nnf] , ;fn , ;fh, vgfof], l;ptf/f, l;dn, 6'lg, sfkmn, Hofd'gf,
6]d'gf, enfof] ,j/ ,lkkn ,cdnf, cDaf, lrG8], plt;, l6dLnf] cfbL .
vgLh 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf
85
j8f g+= % sf] kl/ro
!= j8fsf] s]G› M 8fF8Ldf8L
@= k|d'v ko{6sLo :ynx? Muf}gL bf]laNnf
#= j8fsf pTkfbg s[ifL pTkfbg ;'Gtnf, cf?av8f, cb'jf, a];f/,3/ t?n, wfg, uFx', ds}, uxt, l;dL,
s]/fp, sfFqmf, lrlrgf, s]/f, wlgof, ;'gsfpnL, af]8L,sf]bf],Kofh, lxpFb]
cfn', cfFk cfbL .
jg pTkfbg ;Nnf] , ;fn , ;fh, vgfof], l;ptf/f, l;dn, 6'lg, sfkmn, Hofd'gf,
6]d'gf, enfof] ,j/ ,lkkn ,cdnf, cDaf, lrG8], plt;, l6dLnf] cfbL .
vgLh 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf
j8f g+= ^ sf] kl/ro
86
! j8fsf] s]G›M lth8fF8f
@ k|d'v ko{6sLo :ynx? M e}/aL k~rsf]zL dlGb/
dflnsf dlGb/ -^ / & sf] l;dfgf_, tf]/Ld'n e}/dyfg dlGb/, tf]/Ld'n s'6L
lza dlGb/, e}/aL dlGb/ vDafuf8] ahf/,;/:jtL dlGb/ vDafuf8] ahf/, s'df{sf]6
e}/aL dlGb/ cfbL .
#= j8fsf pTkfbg s[ifL pTkfbg cn}+rL, ;'Gtnf, cf?av8f, cb'jf, a];f/,3/ t?n, e6df;, wfg, uFx',
ds}, uxt, l;dL, s]/fp, sfFqmf, lrlrgf, s]/f, wlgof, ;'gsfpnL,
af]8L,sf]bf],Kofh, lxpFb] cfn', cfFk cfbL .
jg pTkfbg w'kL ;Nnf], ;Nnf], nf}7, jg t¿n ,l6d'/,;t'jf,kfvgj]b,kbdrfNg',a¿jf
nf]stf,cNnf],sfpnf],t]hkft,jg n;'g,r's], wf]8fdrf{,r'qf],af]hf], t]h kQf,
l6d'/ cfbL .
vgLh kTy/ vfgL
j8f g+= & sf] kl/ro
!= j8fsf] s]G› M ef6Lrf}/, s';fkfgL
@= k|d'v ko{6sLo :ynx? M
AofpnL wd{zfnf, kfgLkf]v/f dfO{ dlGb/, sflnsf dxfb]a dlGb/ u}/f;¿,rkfO{ 8f8f
dlGb/, dflnsf dlGb/ ^ / & sf] l;dfgf_sflnsf dlGb/ s';fkfgL, di6 dlGb/ u}/f;¿
cfrfo{ 6f]n,e}/a dlGb/ 8fF8f;¿ 6f]n, eujtL dlGb/, n]v 6f]n di6 dlGb/,r'lsnu}/f
e';fn dlGb/ cfbL .
87
#= j8fsf pTkfbg s[ifL pTkfbg
cn}+rL, ;'Gtnf, cf?av8f, e6df;, wfg, uFx', ds}, kmfk/, uxt,l;dL,
s]/fp, sfFqmf, lrlrgf,s]/f, wlgof,;'gsfpnL, cb'jf, a];f/,3/t?n cfbL .
jg pTkfbg nf}7 ,uf]a]{ ;Nnf], w'kL ;Nnf], nfnL u'F/f;,pQL;, sfkmn, ;Nnf],jg t?n
h8La'6L l6d'/,;t'jf,kfvgj]b,kbd rfNg',a?jf nf]stf,cNnf],sfpnf],t]hkft,jg
n;'g,r's], wf]8f drf{, /ftf] Rofp, r'qf], af]hf], t]h kQf cfbL .
vgLh kTy/ vfgL
&=@$ M ufFpkfnLsfsf cj;/, r'gf}tL, / ;d:ofx?
ufFpkfnLsf cj;/x? M
o; ufFpkflnsfdf pTkflbt s[lif,kz' ,hl8a'6L,kmnkm'n,t/sf/L,gub]jfnL cfbL
j:t'sf] pTkfbg tyf ;+sng s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf u/L ;xh?kdf lgof{t u/L cfo–
cfh{g sf] a[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 .
o; ufFpkflnsfdf /x]sf hn>f]tsf] ;lx ;b'kof]u u/L n3'hnljß't cfof]hgf
;+rfngsf ;fy} lb3f{o' l;+rfO{ ;+rfng ug{ ;lsG5 .
kz'kfng tkm{ M vl;,afv|f,ufO{,e};L, s'v'/f ,xfF;,a'+u'/ pTkfbg u/L cfDbfgL ug{
;lsG5 .
ko{6g tyf pBf]u tkm{M ko{6gsf nfuL k+rsf]zL If]q,>L:yfg,e}/aL,AofpnL
If]qnfO{ ko{6lso If]qsf] nfuL :t/ pGgtL sf ;fy} cGo ToxfF /x]sf ljleGg
lsl;dsf vfgLx?sf] cg';+Gwfg tyf pTvgg u/L jfn'jf , lu§L / 9'Ëfsf] ;lx
;b'kof]u u/]/ qm; pBf]usf] :yfkgf u/]/ lgsfl; / k}7f/L ug{ ;lsG5 .
e}/jL sf] s';fkfgL,/fjtsf]6,nDhL If]q s[lif of]Uo e'efu /x]sfn] pQm e'efunfO{
;lx ;b'of]uug{ ;s]df /f]huf/L ;+u} cfDbfgLdf j[l2 ug{ ;lsG5 .
ufFpkfnLsfnfO{ ef}uf]lns?kn] ltg -lower, Miidle and Upper_efudf ljefhg
u/]/ To;}cg'?k of]hgf tof/ ul/ ef}uf]lns cg's'ntfsf ;|f]t ;fwgsf] k|of]u /
;b'kof]u ug{] xf] eg] ;Dj[w ufFpkfnLsf jgfpg ;lsG5 .
ufFpkfnLsf sf r'gf}tL M
gofF ;+/rgfsf] jf/]df sd{rf/L tyf hgk|ltlglwx?df cgle1tf .
lgjf{xd'lv s[lif k|0ffnLnfO{ Jofj;flos/0f / ljljlws/0f ug{sf nfuL
k|ofKt hgzQmL tyf pks/0fx?sf] cefj .
vlgh kbf{ysf] pTvgg\ / k|zf]wg ug{ l;ko'Qm hgzlQm / k|ljlwsf] cefj .
ljs6 ef}uf]lns cjl:yltsf sf/0f ;j} j8fx?df ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/x?sf]
88
lj:tf/ ug{ sl7gfO{ .
cfly{s dfgljo >f]t;fwgsf] l;ldttfsf ljr hgtfx?sf cl;ldt dfux?sf]
;Djf]wg ug{' .
;+l3o ;+/rgf cg'?k k2tL :yflkt ug{ jl9 ;do vlr{g' kg{] b]lvG5 .
cfwf/e't tyf dfWoflds txsf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ clea[l4 ug{ k|ofKt hgzlQm tyf
cfly{s >f]tsf] sld .
;d'bfodf l56} k|ltkmnsf] cfzfsf] ljsf; x'g' .
ljut nfdf] ;do ;Dd sd{rf/L dfkm{t ;+rfng ePsf] ljsf; lg{df0f k|lqmof tyf
k2tLsf] cjz]if cem} jfFls /xg' / k2tLsf] cGt x'g] ;do jl9 vlr{g' kg{] .
bIf tyf b/jGbL cg'?k sd{rf/Lsf] cefj .
;d'bfodf pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf g} dfgl;stfsf] jl9 ljsf; ePsf] .
;+l3o nf]sqflGts u0ftlGqo Joj:yfsf] d'n dd{ / cfzodfyL hgk|ltlglwx?df
cgle1tf tyf nfk/jfxL .
hgk|ltlglw / sd{rf/L ljr sfd sfjf{xL ug{] ljifodf Ps?ktf tyf ;dGjosf] cefj
j]/f]uf/Lsf] ;+Vofdf lbgfp lbg j[l2 x'g] cj:yf .
ufFpkfnLsf;d:ofx?
:yflkt Joj:yfsf] d'n dd{, pb]Zo dfyL Righer holder and Service provider ulDe/ gx'g' .
;fwg tyf ;|f]tsf] ;xL ;b'kof]usf] cefj .
ko{6s If]qsf] klxrfg x'g g;s]sf] / cfGtl/s ko{6gnfO{ k|4{bg ug{ g;s]sf] .
wfl{d{s tyf P]ltxfl;s ;Dkbfx?sf] klxrfg / :f+/If0fsf] cefj .
h}ljs ljljwtf tyf cf}ifwL hGo hl8j'6L ;+/If0fsf] cefj .
vlgh kbf{y pTvgg\df Wofg gk'/\ofpg' .
hgk|ltlglw x? tyf sd{rf/Ldf jt{dfg Joj:yf cg'?k l;kIfdtf / bIftfsf]
cefj .
k|To]s gful/s cfkm\gf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ k|lt ulDe/ gx'g' .
;d'bfosf] cfjZostf cg'?k ;|f]t ;fwgsf] cefj x'g' .
;+~rf/sf] kxF'r ;j} 7fFpdf ;xh?kdf pknAw x'g g;Sg' .
afx|} dlxgf oftfoftsf] ;xhtfdf Joj:yf gx'g' .
89
;xh ?kdf :jf:Yo ;]jf pknAw x'g g;s]sf] .
s[lifdf Joj;flos/0f / ljljlws/0f x'g g;s]sf] .
a]/f]huf/Lsf sf/0f o'jf hgzlQm ljb]z knfog x'g' .
u'0f:t/Lo lzIff tyf :jR5 vfg]kfgLsf] pko'Qm Joj:yf x'g g;s]sf] .
ljß'tsf] kxF'r gk'u]sf],:yflgo :t/df n3'ljß'tsf] ;Defjgf eP/ klg
;f] sf] ljsf; x'g g;s]sf] .
AofpnL wd{zfnf
>L:yfg dlGb/
90
e}/jL dlGb/
k~rb]jn nDhL
91
af0fu+uf nDhL
5fd3f6 vf]nf le/v]t