Οι Ριζες Της Σύμπτωσης - Arthur_Koestler

01

Arthur Koestler

Oi

' I.

" , ,

Max Beerbohm.

ITo ' ' '

I

Oi . 01 , , (ESP)*, . 6 .

, . , : , , , , , . , , .

, ESP . , -

. : ESP: Extra Sensory Perception: .

11

. 1960 Observer

. , 6 Rhine Duke . () . (ESP), :

1932, , . J.B. Rhine . Louisa Rhine, William McDougall. - - .

, Rhine . , , , , , . ' Rhine , . 01 -, - . . , , , , , , , - . Rhine: ESP, , , , Bm(blind matching - ), ( ), SO(stimulus Object - ) STM(screen touch match - ) , ESP. - ' - - .

, - .

12

, Rockefeller, Fulbrlght Ciba, . - , Charcot, Richet William James Freud Jung, .

Freud Jung , . - , Rhine . , H.J. Eysenck . Eysenck Maudsley Bethlem. " . ' :

, , , , - , . , , ...

, Rhine . : . ' :. ' , , , , ESP . ' -

13

, Occam, - . : , , , . Eysenck:

01 . 6 , , ...*

1960. . Rhine, , , . Eysenck - , . . 1967 . 1969, - ( ) ' . 01 . .

01 ^ '. . . 1916 ESP Bechterev, Pavlov. . . 1960 . Leonid Vassiliev, Bechterev, . ) - , . " , , . , .. . / en masse . 1958, . 1967 1969 .

14

1958 1969.3 ' , . Vassiliev, , ^ - . , - , - , , . - 1965 NASA, .

, - , (sic) . , , .

^ - {sic).

... , .

" NASA .

. Konecci NASA ( - ). :

* . Eugene . Konecci " " , at - ' (, 26 -1 ).

15

OART ( ) - , - .

' , , , . " , . , , NASA - , . - , , - , 14 , 1971, - , - , . - . Rhine , . Rhine Duke . , , * , .

Norbert Wiener, , , , :

, .. - , - , .

, . Hansel

. .* -

* International Herald Tribune, 23 1971.

G.E.M. Hansel, ESP: A Scientific .Evaluation, , 1966. Hansel" 6. Lectures on Physical Research C.D. Broad (Routlege & Kegan Paul,, 1962), III. Gertrude Schneider, Extra-Sensory Perception (Atherton Press, 1969) Science and ESP t o O Sir Cyril Burt, J.R. Smythies (Routlege & Kegan Paul, 1967).

16

Science . D.O. Hebb, McGill, , , . W arren-W eaver, : ( ESP) , . Rhine 7

- , - , . , - New Scientist - , , , ESP . , .

. Warren Weaver, , - , , . . , . - - . , ESP . . .

, , , , , .

17

, . , . -

' , , .* - , .

- . , ESP , - , - . , . , , . - .**

Winifred Coombe-Tenant. " Willeft. . ; The Palm Sunday Case: New Light on an Old Love Story (Proceedings, SPR Vol. 52, Part 189, February 1960). The Sixth Sense Rosalind Heywood (London 1959) Swan on a Black Sea Geraldine Cummings (London, 1st edition, 1969, revised edition 1970).

* * Burt, Myers Memorial Lecture 1968 6 - : . Mensa. Robert Henie Brier. 2% . ESP . , - . , , " "- (R . Brier ESP Experiments with High IQ Subjects , J.B. Rhine R. Brier, Parapsychology Today, 1968).

18

: ,' ^ . , - , - . , , , .

. Rhine . , , : , , , . , - , - , . (

), . , , , , - . ' - , - , (. ) " . , / , , '.: . - , 6 . , . , , (ESP) .

FWiine , .* .

' ' , Thouless . Soal.

19

, ; : ;

, . , , , . , . " , ( ) ' .

, , . . ESP , , ( ). , . . . ^, - : . , ( , ) 1 , . , - , . 01 . - . 01 oi .

. . , - . - , , , . . 1934 Rhine,

20

.* , - ' . 01 ESP .

, , , ' , , , . , , Pascal ( Chevalier de - ). , , . , , - .

, . , - , , , , LSD. , ( ) ** , , . , - , Heisenberg . , Mendel - , . - . , , , .

' 1875 1894. , ^ 196. , , , . -* .

* .

21

' :

1 234

5

144 139.0

91 97.332 34.111 8.0

2 1.4 0.2

Warren W eaver

: , , ; 34.1 . 32 . , 1 4 X 2 0 = 2 8 0 . ovto Poisson , 1, 2, 3, 4 - .

' Warren Weaver:

01 , , ' . , 1955 75.3 . 1956 73.6. 1957, 73.2 74.5 72.6.

Weaver :

" {Sic) , , , , , , , - .^^

, Gauss.

22

; Poisson; >? ; , - ; , - , . , , - (, , ), - .

' . . ' , , - . , , . , , .

, . " , . Rhine, Soal, Thouless , - . ' , .

- : , , . , . " ESP, , .

, , . - , . , ESP . ' , , ESP

23

. . - ( ). . , .

" , . , - ' . , , . ESP . , ESP . , . , . , , .

- , , - , , , (British Society for Psychical Research, SPR).

1880, , , Malcolm Guthrie, , James Birchall, 246 . Proceedings of the Society 6 Sir Oliver Lodge, , , , , Radio Society, ' Rontgen, ' ... . :

24

" , . " , - , . " , - , .^

Guthrie - . - . .

, Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, (. II, 1884 ( ).

Proceedings . - . , 246 . , . . Guthrie

25

. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research \/ .

. , , ESP. , ', , , :

1882-4 Henry Sidgwick, , .1885 -7 Balfour Stewart, P.R.S. , .1888 - 92 Henry Sidgwick 1893 Arthur Earl of Balfour K.G., O.M., . . '

. .1894 5 William James .1896 7 Sir William Crookes, .. F.R.S., . -

...1900 Frederic W.H. Myers . ,

, .1901 -3 Sir Oliver Lodge, F.R.S. (. )1904 Sir William Barrett, F.R.S., . 1876

, .

1905 Charles Richet, . , . (1913) - .

1906-7 Rt. Hon. Gerald Balfour ( " ). ' Trinity College, . 1895-6. 1900-5.

1908 9 Mrs. Henry Sidgwick (, ). - , , 1892-1910.

1910 . Arthur Smith .., L.LB., 1911 Andrew Lang Gifford.

.1912 Bishop W. Boyd Carpenter, Ripon, Canon of Westminster.1913 Henri Bergson, . . .

1927.1914 F.C.S. Schiller, , . .

.1915 -6 Gilbert Murray, LL.D., ' .1917-8 L.P. Jacks. LL.D.. D.D.. Hibbert.

, , .1919 Lord Rayleigh, .., F.R.S., 1904.

1879-84. '. ( Sir William Ramsey).

26

1920 1 William McDougall, . Duke . .

1922 T.W. Mitchell, M.D., .

1923 Camille Flammarion, . Juvisy.

1924 5 J.G. Piddington, , '.1926 7 Hans Driesch, . .

.1928 -9 Sir Lawrence Jones Bt B.A. (Oxon), F.R.S.L.1930-1 Walter Franklin Prince, PH.D., ,

.1932 Mrs. Henry Sidgwick, ( ) Sir Oliver Lodge.1933-4 The Hon. Mrs. Alfred Lyttelton, ( , ). D.B.E., G.B.E.

.1935 6 C.D. Broad, LITT.D., FBA., , ,

^ ' 1927-8.1937 8 Lord Rayleigh, F.R.S., . ' ,

.1939-41 .. Price, F.B.A., , .*1942-4 RJ-1. Thouless, PH.D., . .1945 6 G.N.M. Tyrell, .. London, . -

.1947 -8 W.H. Salter, LL.B., .1949 Gardner Murphy, , .1950-1 S.G. Soal, .., D. SC., .1952 Gilbert Murray ..1953 5 F.J.M. Stratton D.S.O., F.R.S., .

, . , .

1956 8 G.W. Lambert, .8., ' , . - poltergeists .

1958-60 C.D. Broad1960-1 .. Price1961 - 3 E.R. Dodds, F.B.A, M.A, D. LITT., ' .1963 5 D.J. West, M.D., CH.. P.D.M., .1965 -9 Sir Alister Hardy, F.R.S., , .1970 W.A.H. Rushton, F.R.S., , , -

. , .1971 G.W.K. Mundle, .. () .., , ,

North Wales, Bangor.

( Sir J.J. Thomson ., ). , ESP .

* Harry Price..

27

' , Rhine, Gilbert Murray, . Murray 1915 , 1952. . . Verral ( )"* Henry Sidgwick 1924, s , Murray . . Sidgwick :

Gilbert Murray ... - , , , .

. , Gilbert Murray Bertrand Russell. . ' . , . , ESP, . 1952:

- ... , , ... , ... . , , , . , , . .

, . . ( - , , Murray ):

28

CARLISLE ( ): , , .

MURRAY: ; ; , .

CARLISLE () : / . MURRAY: .

. .

MURRAY, ROSALIND: cafe chantant '.

MURRAY: .... , , , . '.

, :

MARGARET DAVIS () : . . . .

MURRAY; . Nefrekepta, Nefrekepta , . .

Murray : . . , , :

01 , , ^ . ... , . ; " , . , . , , , .

" . - , Berg

29

son, , . . , , ....

ESP . Maimonides Medical Centre ( - Stanley Krippner Montague Ullman ), 1960 - . , 1 , . , , , (-, E E G ). , -- REM (rapid eye movement, , ). : , .

. . , , , Guthrie, , , . , , .

ESP , , . , ,

30

, , . . " , Rhine, , . , , , , - , . (Clairvoyance), . , , , * . , . Gilbert Murray . ESP, , .. Sir Alister Hardy . , , , Sir John Eccles , Sir Cyril Burt, .

. 1934, . Soal, - , Rhine . 1934 1939, 160 , , 128. 350 . . .

Louisa Rhine . Soal . Soal . ^ , , , [ Rhine]. , . , , .^

Soal , Whately Carington, - Carington, , . , Soal

31

, , , Basil Shackleton, , , , , , .*

Soal Basil Shackleton ' ( ). C.D. Broad ;

, ... , , , Soal Shackleton, 1944. , . - , [ ].

" . 01 - Shackleton 2-6 . , . ( 1-4 ) . , , . , ( Shackleton) . " , . . , , , .

* S.G. Soal and F. Bateman, Modern Experiments in Telepathy. Faber & Faber, London, 1954.

32

. , 1930, Rhine Duke , . " Louisa Rhine, 1934, - , J.B. Rhine - , , . , ^ , [, ]; . ESP , , ,

, , Poltergeists , , ... , , , , , .20

Dul^e, . , . - . , - .

, , . , Rhine , 1943-4: 6.2 , , , . Rhine Haakon Forwald Duke, . R.A. McConnell , . R.H. Thouless G.W. Fisk, . " . ( Fisk,

33

, - ) . PK(psychokinesis), , ESP ( ). , : , . :

" ' *

8

. ^ . - Helmut Sctim idt** Boeing Rhine Duke. , , . , ) ^^ .

: , . . , , , 63.066 . ( < 2 1 0 ) [- (odds) 2.000.000.000 1.].

* Denn da wo die Begriffe fehlen Stellt ein Wort zur rechten Zeit sich ein.

** Beloff Evans (JSPR 1961, 41, Cheuvin Genthon, Zeltschrift fiir Parapsychologie und Grenzgebiete der Psychologie, 1965, 8).

34

: - . ( ) ( ). 20.000 ( < 10" ).

- , [ 90]. " .

- - - .

, , - . Schmidt:

: , ' . ' , ( -90 ). , , (+ 1 ) , (-1 ), . , , - .

128 . 216 , 18 129 . , , .

35

256 , 302 ( = 001) [ 1 1.000]

- ( + ) ( - ) ( - ). " , , .

, . - , , . 2 5

. , . , , -

, - Rhine , . - Schmidt . \ - - , , , - , . " , Schmidt *. , , , , . - .

* New Scientist and Science Journal, , 24 1971 ( . Schmidt ) 15 , 29 5 1971.

36

. , , , William MacBain . New Scientist , , , ESP. - 20 1970.

( ) [ MacBain ] ESP Quasi , , QSC. , - , :

, ' , . - - .

22 . 23 , - , (.. , , , ). . 25 . , , . , , . 25 - 5 . 10 ...

... ... . , .26

37

10

- , . . : , , - , , , .

" Phantasms of the Living, 1886 Myers, Guerney and Podmore. Rhine, . Louisa Rhine, Hidden Channels of the Mind (1961) ESP in Life and Lab 0957).

38

*

I

" , . , , . , , , . " Einstein Mental Radio Upton Sinclair , , . . - - , - - . , , , , . J.R. Oppenheimer, ":

... , .

* . , .

39

, . , . , .

, , W erner Heisenberg, *. , , , , . ' , .^

Heisenberg () - , , ( ) 1931 . , . , , , , - : . ' Heisenberg ( ). , . - . " .. - , . , , . ' - - , , - . , , , . ' Sir William Bragg, , , .

, Rutherford Niels Bohr . ,

* . " , - .

40

. : - , , . oi , .. - , . , , . ' Bertrand Russel 1927;

, . , ... , , , - ^; ... ' ^ , .^

. , Rutherford Bohr - , , . ( ) , Heisenberg, . : , .

The Nature of the Physical World (1928) Sir Arthur Eddington . . , , , , . - , . , . Eddington ;

" , . ' - - -... ' , .

41

, - . , , , , . de Broglie - - Bohr - . , Erwin Schro- dinger* Paul Dirac.

, , , . . Broglie, , , . , , Bohr . - Bohr - . Heisenberg 6 , : . - .^ , . ' , , .

Wolfgang Pauli, , .

- , . ,

* De Broglie 1929, Sohrodlnger 1931. . de Broglie . Ullstein. Schrodinger . , 1957, , 1961, Alpbach . Av Alpbach , Schrodinger.

42

. .

, : - , - , , , . ' .

. . . . " , . " , 6 (, .. ). - , , ; 1960 - , Sir George Thomson , ; [ ] , . . * Sir Cyril Burt, : " - , - , , , >.

, . , , . - , - .

* Sir George Thomson Sir Joseph J. Thomson 1890 . ' .

43

, : ' ; , - , . , . " , . - Eddington; - , . Henry Margenau Yale :

, . , , . . 01 - - , , - , . oi . , .^

, , . , , , - - , - . , , , , . , , , 3 . Einstein E =m c2 ( ), . , , , ' , . . Sir James Jeans Rede (.ectures .

'

44

. . ^

, , non sequitur . ' . - - , , , - , Jeans, . ' , - . Heisenberg , . Jeans . - Einstein - , . , , Eddington : , . , , , , . - , .

- Sir Cyril Burt

1930, , : - , . , . - - - . , - . ' , . , , . , , - . . . Gell-Mann , , - 1969 . , Gell-Mann Finnegans Wake James Joyce*. , , , . ' . - .

, , , , , , . 01 , , , . , , . - . " , , , \

* Quark, , .

46

, ,* , . , - - . - , . - , , , .

, . , 1930 Wolfgang Pauli. 1956, , F. Reines C. Cowan , . - . - . , , , Eddington. " , .* * Martin Gardner . . , , , . ' . , John Updike :

" -.

' Reines Cowan, , , . .

47

'

, . . -

^ - . , V.A. Firsoff : , - modulus of transformation Einstein E = mc2 '- .'^ , :

48

. , . , ... , , . , , .... , . , , , . , , , .... , , , , . . ) Duke ... ... .

Firsoff , . - Sir Cyril Burt * , . , Sir John Eccles Adrian Dobbs. , .

Paul Adrian Maurice Dirac , 1931 ,

* Whately Carington.

49

, ( 1933) - Einstein Schrb- dinger. , , Dirac , ( ). * - , , . , - , . , , , - . - , - - . , . : . : . , Dirac 1931, , , -

' . , -. -, , .

, , , .

Niels Bohr - : . , , , , Dirac. ' , , , , , . , , - .*

* George Gamow : ' Dirac . Peter Kapitza, , " .

; ; Kapitza Dirac .

, Dirac. . .

.

50

... Dirac Carl D. Anderson, , - , , . Anderson . - Dirac Anderson.

-, - . , , , , , () .* - - - - . , , - - alter ego Doppelg'anger -- . - -, . " , X, -. . 1956, Edward Teller ( ) -. , Harold . Furth, New Yorker 1956;^

, - -

- -

* .

51

...*

.

.

, - , - . , . . - , . 1949 Richard Phillipps Feynman , , , , - . Feynman, , - , . , , , - . 01 Feynman , , , --

A.E.C. = Atomic Energy Commission. .

52

. -, , , , - . " , Feynman , 1953 Albert Einstein 1956 . Hans Reichenbach Feynman .22

8

, , - . Feynman, ,* . - Adrian Dobbs,** , . ' , , Eddington . ' Dobbs - , . , Dobbs - , . , .

" , , - . , Dobbs, , , , .2 .

* , .. G.J. Whitrow The Voices of Time, . J.T. Fraser, , 1968.

* Adrian Dobbs, , 5 . C.D. Broad 6 Journal of the Society for Psychical Researrb 1970 Dobbs .

53

Dobbs, , - , . . , 6 Dobbs . , Dirac, Pauli Feynman, . Dobbs . Dobbs ( ) * , , , ( ) .

, - . Margenau Yale :

, - - . , , , , . " , , , , . , ^^ [].

Bohm Birkbeck , Quantum Theory :

[ ] , -

* , , , , > ). , , , .

54

. , ... . , . , -

, Dobbs :

... , , , ... " Bohm, . , , - ...26

' - , , - . , Dobbs, - . , , . " - , , .

, , Dobbs Sir John Eccles. 1963

55

.

The Neurophysiological Basis of Mind . , .

, . [ ] . ... .*

- . , . , , , ...

" - , , .

Eccles , . - , , , , .* * "

* , Wilder Penfield The Ghost in the Machine, . 203 - 4.

* * , , 1943, Eccles , :

56

( ? ) , , :

, .

- , .

Eccles - , ;

[] - - , , , ... . - , ... . .3'

. " , . , , . - - .

, , , . . , ... , , , .^

57

, Eccles . '. Rhine, Thouless, Soal . - . , . Eddington 1939 , , , - . .^

Dobbs. Eccles - . Dobbs - , , .

Dobbs , , - Eccles. Dobbs - . , . .

, Adrian Dobbs, , , . ' , . , . ' . - . , Firsoff, , -

58

. , Sir Gyril Burt, ( ) :

, . " , Tweeldledum [ ], . . , ( ), , , . /; [] ... , ... . , , . . ij , . , .^*

. , Dobbs,* . . 01 , , ad hoc - . "

Dobbs, ,^ , - , EEG , . " ( , ).

59

. , . , , , - , , , . : Kepler 1 , - . . Hypothesis non fingo^ .

. . , . . - , ; , , , - - .

, . , , ; .

, , , , - .* . Dobbs , Margenau . : - , . " , Heisenberg , .

* : - . .

60

, , , .* , , , , , , , . . , , . , , , .* *

- Rhine . , , .

: , , . , Heisenberg, Dirac Feynman. Wolfgang Pauli Pauli, C.G. Jung.

Jung - Pauli, , - . , Jung: , Paul Kammerer 1926, .

* , . ; .^** Helmut Schmidt, ;, . .

61

I

Kammerer Lamarck:

merer. ;, oi Kammerer ( ), , . 1919, Das Gesetz der Serie ' . Case of the Midwife Toad, .

, Kammerer . . Jung, , . Jung, . , . .

Kammerer . :

(7 ) 18 1916, J.v.H..., Die Kunst Schwalbach . , . ; Schwalbach; .

(22 ) 28 1915, : Michael, Hermann Bang, - , Rohan, ( ) Josef Rohan - Rohan ( ) , - Rohan Weissenbach Attersee . ' Naschmarkt Weissenbach Attersee, .^

, *. , .. 4 1910,

The Case of the Midwife Toad.

63

9 9 , , 21 21. Kammerer , , - , ; , , , ., , .^

' - , . Das Gesetz der Serie. , , , - - - .

. Kammerer - , , (inync . Kammerer, , , - . , .

, Kammerer , . , , , ..., - . , ( ), , ( ) * ( ).

Kammerer , , , . , . , , - . , , .^

, Kammerer :

64

, , - . , -, , , /

, , Kammerer -, . , - . , , : . -- - - , ex hypothesi, . , . . - , , ,

Kammerer - . - , , . ( , , .) ( .. ) - , .. . , Freud ' .

Kammerer , . , , .

, . , . . ,

65

, vcr- . . Einstein - . .* , , .

" Wolfgang Pauli.

' 1932 , , . . , Pauli . , Pauli ,:

( ):, I

: . : .

: .

.... Pauli . , - , Pauli, , '

* Paul Kammerer als Biologe , Monistishe Monatshefte H. Przibram, 1926.

66

.* , . Yale :

, , . Pauli. . Pauli , , , . , , , . . - Pauli. , . . , . . .

Pauli Jung - . . - . , 1 Johannes Kepler - , , . * * Jung .

- . : ' - , . quantum . .

* : .** Kepler Sleepawlkers Pauli Kepler Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

67

, . . . Pauli - . , , - ) . ' Jung.

, Jung Pauli . Jung . - . . , , , , , , , . Jung.i

Jung 1909 , , Freud . . Jung Freud . Freud . Jung :

Freud , . , . , . Freud ', - . . . , . . , . , , .

, . . Freud .

68

. , , . .

, Jung . 1919 , :

, . , , - .

Freud, , , . , Jung , , - . " . ^ , Buckinghamshire. , , - , , , , , , , . . . - . , . . . , . , Jung . .

Jung . , . " :

, . " , . , . . - , . , (Cetonia aurata), ,

69

.^

Jung . 1919 . " Collected Works 1947, :

- , 1919. , . , The Nature of the Psyche, , , - . , , - .^

, Jung Pauli : Pauli Kepler. , , : ' . - , , . ..

Jung - . ,^ ^^... , , . Kammerer - , , . Kammerer (

70

) - Jung - , . - , , , -^-* Jung ) . , , Jung.

Kammerer Jung , . Kammerer . Jung - : , - .25 , Jung , . - .^ , , . *^ - - , , , . , - - - . ' Jung . Freud : - . " , , .2

:

/ . ' , ( .. ) , ,

71

. , . .... , , , , .... " () , , , , , : .^

, ' . Kammerer . Jung, Kammerer, . - () - .*

, : , ) - . , , . , . .

Kammerer Jung, : Whitehead . " -

, Aniela Jaff6: . Jung . Jung Stewart Edward White: The Unobstructed Universe: ( ), . .^

72

6 , - .

Pauli . Jung deus ex machina. Jung , ( Jung ), .* Pauli Kepler , Jung.* * , , , , .

, Ed- dington , t , - , . Bertrand Russell : , , : .

.* * * , , . , - - , .

' Pauli - ( - ) ( ). . . , Jung,

* Jung, . " .* ' " , Pauli ' . , ( Kepler) Jung.f . : , .

. Jeans: , , .

73

- . - , ' . Kammerer, Jung . ^ , , . " Sidney Hook, , 6 .* - Kammerer Jung . .

Jung , - , . Jung - - . '

Jung Pauli. :

' ' ( )

( )

-

74

Jung . , , . " , . , , .

. 01 , Einstein . , Freud , - - , , . * , Sir Alister Hardy . - , Foraminifera, - . , Broad Price '.* * G. Spener Brown - .

Spencer Brown - . , , .* * * ' -

* Freud ' 1924 Ernest Jones . Jones 66 Freud. Freud 1922. Freud .* * The sixth Sense (, 1959), Rosalind Heywood.* * * Spencer Brown Nature (25 1953) "Statistical Significance in Psychical Research , Probability and Scientific Inference. The Sixth Sense Rosalind Heywood, 169 F.

75

, Spencer Brown . _ . - , - , , Kammerer. .

- Spencer Brown Sir Alister Hardy, . Hardy :

... G. Spencer Brown Trinity College - , , , , . - - - .... " , . , - , . - .^

Kammerer 1919.

. , , , - . " Kammerer Jung-Pauli , , .

76

Kammerer Jung , . - : ; , . . . , Jung, ;

, , . . . , , . : , , . leitmotif , - . (- ), Pico della Mirandola:

, , . . *

Pico , , .

77

' () 6 , . : 01 . Kepler : , : [ ] , , , ...^ . , , .^ , Kepler, Pico, : anima mundi .

" Leibnitz - . , . 01 - , , , .

, , ,, . , Arthur Schopenhauer Freud Jung, , , :

[ Schopenhauer] . ^- ... , , ...."* , : , , - , , , , . , . , - , -

78

, , ... s , : . ,

01 Carington, Tyrrell, Hardy , , , . , " , . . Schopenhauer - . Jung, , , , .

, - . . - , , , , , :

. ' . - , , , - , . . . - , , , , .

79

, , . , /

: , , , . Whitehead :

. , . - . 01 , . ' ... , , . - .

, . , , Kammerer Jung. Kammerer , , , - . . , , . Kammerer , - - .

* .

* The Ghost in the machine ( 1967) Beyond Reductionism New Perspectives in the Life Sciences. The Alpbach Symposium, . A. Koestler, J.R. Smythies ( 1969).

80

. , , , - , , . : - . 01 . , - , , - - .

; . , . . . , . ' . - . , , * - . - , ** , , . . . (- ) . , , , , , , , , - . ( - ) /7 , , , , .

, . .. , - -* , .** . ovto .

81

. . crrpv , .

' , , . , - , , ., , , , , . . , , , . , , , . , . , , .

, . 01 . . , + - . , , , - . , , : - , . , -' , .

, , , - , . 01 , : , ' , , .

01 , 6 6 : . , , , Freud . , -

82

, , . . . - Freud .*

, , . " , . , - , .

. " , John Bleibtreu. * * . , , , - , . " , . .

. , ... ... , , ... , . " - , , .

* Freud Insight and Outlook, X, XV XVI.* * The Parable of the Beast ( , 1968).

83

, . ..., 6... ( ) , ... , at... , . " ,... .

, , , ; ; 01 - , ( ) ; 01 , , ;

), , . , , , , , ...

01 . . . . " , , . , . , , , , , .

, , - , , . , , . , . , ; [ ]* .

. : .

84

, - . 1 , , , . , , , , , - . , . . . - .

' , . Bertalanffy, , , . , .

- - - , . , , ad hoc .

. . , . - . 01 , .

. - , , , , - . , ,

85

. 6 - , , , . - , -6 . , , , . " , , .

. , oi -6 . , , . , . , , - , , , , .

. The Ghost in the Machine:

01 - . , . , , .

. 01 - . " , , , , , , , .

Freud Piaget, , . , . , . - Piaget - , . - . ' -

86

. , , , , , , . , I am thou and thou art m e *, ' , . *

.

87

, , . , , - . . , . , . , , -, , .

3 , . ' , , , - . , . .

, , - . " , , , . , , . , . ' . ' . ,

I

88

, , - . ' Jung . . , , , -. Jung . . . - - , , , .

. . . Oi - , . , - . - Wells - , - .

" , . Grey Walter, . 1969 Eddington, , . , .

Grey W alter : , , . ' . " , . .

89

- . :

' - . ... 3 . ' . , TV .

, . . .^

Grey W alter Renee Haynes :

, , . , , ( ) . . Grey W alter , , .^

, , Sir John Eccles . Grey W alter -', , . -. .

90

. , ( ). , 6 . , , , - , . . - , , , , .

, .* . Mason S. Black . , , - , . . , . Mason ( - ), .

. Eddlngton , , . 1969 ' Henry Margenau, , ;

* , .^

91

: . - ( , , ). . , ....

. , . : ' ' ; - , , , ....

... . . , , - , ^ []

. , . . . . ' . Margenau ; - , , ; , , , , - , . . . .

. , .

92

, - .

- : . Grey W alter , ' - . 01 , .. - , , , - . , - . - . ", , , . (. 123) . , . 01 . . .

Broad Philosophy :.

" , - . ' , , , ... ..., 6 .

Broad , .. Price :

-

93

. 6 , , , , . - . . ( ). , , , , , .^

, Adrian Dobbs :

. , , . , , , .

, , Henri Bergson . , . - . . , William James. , , . ' \* - , .

, , -- .

94

- , . James S. Hayes The Scientist Speculates:*

(, ; ;) : , ; - ( ) ;9

Sir Cyril Burt:

, , , - , ( ) . , - . ... : , , . , , .

Tom Brown . . . - . , ... .

Burt ( , - , ), :

.

* I.J. Good (, 1962).

95

. . , .

, , deja V U , (. 82) , . -6 . , . , . ' . , . ' Lamarck - .

- . , - , , - . " . " . . . , , . , , . . , - Jung.

. 01 Lamarck : . . ' . Lamarck .

96

Lamarck . . . Paul Kammerer . .

. The Ghost in the Machine The Case of the Midwife Toad - - . . . - , , , . ' , . . , , , . - . . . .* ' - .

8

. , .

- -. , , . " , , - . , - . . ' , , -* " , Waddington, .

97

. " Foucault Invalides , - , , , , . - - , . , - . , ; - , Coriolus , . " .

Berkeley - Ernst Mach ( ). Mach , . Mach, Foucault / . Einstein Mach . . . .

' , . . , . Bertrand Russell Einstein . 1927 :

. , .

, Whitehead :

98

. Foucault " 1851.^

. - - - Eddington. Einstein Mach , 1 . - -;

, , . .

, , . " , . - . .

. ' . , - , , , . ' . . - .

Pico della Mirandola. .

, . " . - .

99

. . .. Price , .^

. - , , . .

. - . - . , . , . . . - . " , .

100

I. " (. 11-38)1. Eysenck, (1957), . 131. f. 2. , . 108. 3. Naumov (1970), . 54. 4. . . Newsletter of the Parapsychology Foundation, Inc., Vol. 10, No. 6, November-December, 1963, and by Heywood (1967), . 57-8. 5. . . Heywood (1967), . 58. 6. . . Burt (1967), . 75 . 7. Weaver (1963), . 361. 8. 20. VIII. 1970, . 367. 9. Burt (1968), . 59. 10. Weaver (1963), . 267. 11. , . 361-2. 12. , . 361. 13. Proc. SPR, Vol. II, . 189-200. 14. Proc. SPR, Vol. XXIX, Part LXXII, 23. II. 1916, . 64. 15. Proc. SPR, Vol. XXXIV, Part XCII, December 1924, . 212. 16. Murray (1952). 17. L. Rhine (1957), . 131-2. 18. Broad (1949), . 291-309. 19. L. Rhine (1957), . 19. 19a. , . 17. 20. , . 19. 21. , . 166. 22. , . 166. 23. Schmidt (1969), . 99. 24. Schmidt (1970), . 175. 25. , . 181. 26. ESP by any Other Name Would, Smell , New Scientist, 20. VIII. 1970, . 367.

2. H (. 39-61)1. Oppenheimer (1966), . 40. 2. Heisenberg (1969), . 63-4, 115. 3. Russell (1927), . 163, 165. 4. . . Burt (1967), . 80. 5.Eddington (1928), introduction. 6. . . Heisenberg (1969), . 101 et seq. 7. Heisenberg, op. cit., . 113. 8. . . Burt (1968), . 36. 9. Pauli (1952), . 164.10. . . Hardy (1965), . 256. 11. Burt (1967), . 80. 12. Margenau (1967), . 209. 13. Jeans (1937), . 122 f. 14. Burt (1967), . 80-1. 15. Gardner (1967), . 240-1. 16. In Telephone Poles and Other Poems, 1963. 17. Firsoff (1967), . 102-3. 18. , . 105-6. 19. Gamow (1966), . 132. 20. , . 121-2. 21. 10. XI. 1956. 22. Reichenbach (1956). 23. Dobbs (1965), . 261-2. 24. Margenau (1967), . 217. 25. . . Dobbs (1965), . 303. 26. Dobbs (1965), . 303 and 305. 27. Eccles (1953), . 271-2. 28. Koestler (1945), . 207. 29. , . 227. 30, Eccles (1953), . 276-7. 31. , . 283-5. 32. , . 279. 33. Firsoff (1967), . 52. 34. Burt (1968), . 34-5. 35. Dobbs (1965), . 333. et seq. 36. Gamow (1966), . 111.

3. (. 62-76)1. Jung (1960), . 420. 2. Kammerer (1919), . 25. 3. , . 27. 4. , . 24. 5. , . 36. 6. Koestler (1971), Appendix I. 7. Kammerer (1919), . 93. 8. , . 165. 9. , . 456. 10. Margenau (1967), . 218. 11. Jung-Pauli (1952). 12. , . 164. 13. Jung (1960), . 317. 14. Jaff6 (1967), . 264. 15. Jaff6, ed. (1963), . 152. 16. Jung (1960), . 318. 17. Moser (1950), . 257. 18. Jung (1960), . 438. 19. , . 159. f. 20. , . 318. 21. , . 441. 22. , . 511. 23. , . 435. 24. , . 445. 25. , . 511. 26. , . 436. 27. , . 438. 28. , . 440. 29. , . 445-5. 30. Jaff6 (1967), . 267. 31. . . LeShan (1969), . 82. 32. Hook (1959). 33. Jung (1960), . 514. 34. , . 515. f. 35. Hardy (1965), . 242.

4. (. 77-87)1. Pico della Mirandola (1557), . 40. f. 2. Kepler (1609), cap. 28. 3. , 4. Schopenhauer (1850), . 219. 5. , . 224. 6. , . 225. 7. Koestler (1964), . 228. 8. Whitehead (1934), . 181. 9. Koestler (1968), . 260.10. Bleibtreu (1968), . 215-19.11. . Berfalanffy (1952), . 112.12. Koestler (1967), . 190-2, 242.

5. (. 88-100)1. Grey Walter (1969), . 37. 2. Grey Walter (1969). 3. Haynes (1970), . 364.4. Black (1969). 5. Margenau (1967), . 223-4. 6. Broad (1949), . 291-309. 7. . . Dobbs (1967), . 239. 8. Dobbs (1967), . 239. 9. Hayes (1962), . 161. 10. Burt (1968), . 50, 58-9. 11. Burt (1962), . 86. 12. Waddington (1957), . 180 seq. 13. . . Sciama (1959), . 99. 14. . 15. Pico della Mirandola (1557), . 40. f. 16. Price (1949), . 105-13.17. Heywood (1959), . 212.

103

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BALFOUR, the Countess of, Proc. SPR., Vol. 52, Part 189, February 1960.BATEMAN, F. See Soal, S.G.BELOFF, J., and EVANS, L , J. of the SPR., 1961, 4 J, 41-6.

von BERTALANFFY, L . Problems of Life. New York, 1952.BIRCHALL, J. See Guthrie. M.BLACK, S., Mmrf and Body. London, 1969.BLEIBTREU, J., The Parable of the Beast. New York, 1968.BOHM, D., Quantum Theory. London, 1951.BRIER, R. See Rhine, J.B. (1968).BROAD, C.D., Philosophy, Vol. XXIV, 1949, pp. 291-309.------ Lectures on Psychical Research. London, 1962.------ J. of SPR, December, 1970.BROWN, G. Spencer, "Statistical Significance in Psychical Research , Nature, July 25, 1953. ------ Probability and Scientific Inference. London 1957.BURT, Sir Cyril, in The Scientist Speculates An Anthology of Partly Baked Ideas. See Good,

I.J., ed.------ Psychology and Parapsychology in Science and ESP. See Smythies, J.R., ed.------ Psychology and Psychical Research. The Seventeenth Frederick W.H. Myers Memorial

Lecture. London; SPR, 1968.CARINGTON, W., Telepathy. London, 1945.CHAUVIN, R., and Genthon, J., Zeitschrift fur Parapsychologie und Grenzgebiete der Psycho-

/og/e, 1965, 8, 140-7.CUMMINGS, Geraldine, Swan on a Black Sea. London: 1st ed. 1965; 2nd ed. 1970.DOBBS, A., Proc. SPR, Vol. 57, Part 197, August 1965.------ "The Feasibility of a Physical Theory of ESP in Science and ESP. See Smythies, J.R., ed.ECCLES, Sir John, The Neurophysiological Basis of Mind. Oxford, 1953.EDDINGTON, A.S., The Nature of the Physical World. Cambridge, 1928.------ The Philosophy of Physical Science. Cambridge, 1939.EVANS, L. See Beloff, J.EYSENCK, H. J., Sense and Nonsense in Psychology. Penguin, 1957.FIRSOFF, V.A., Life, Mind and Galaxies. Edinburgh and London, 1967.FISK, G.W., and West, D.J., Psychokinetic Experiments with a Single Subject , Newsletter of

the Parapsychology Foundation, Inc., Nov.-Dee., 1957.Fraser, J.T., ed.. The Voices of Time. London, 1968.FREUD, S., Psychoanalysis and Telepathy", Gesammelte Werke, Vol. XVII. London, 1941. FURTH, H.P., New Yorker, November 10,1956.GAMOW, G., Thirty Years That Shook Physics. New York, 1966.GARDNER, ., The Ambidextrous Universe. London, 1967.GENTHON, J. See Chauvin, R.GOOD, I.J., ed. The Scientist Speculates An Anthology of Partly Baked Ideas. London,

1962.GREY WALTER, W., Observations on Man, His Frame, His Duty and His Expectations. Cam

bridge, 1969.------ fvofced Pofen(/a/s (ed. Wm. Cobb and C. Morocutt). Elsevier, 1967.GUERNEY, E., MYERS, F. W. H., and PODMORE, F., Phantasms of the Living. London, 1886. GUTHRIE, ., and BIRCHALL, J., Proc. SPR., Vol. II, pp. 24-42, and Vol. Ill, pp. 424-52. HANSEL, C.E.., ESP; A Scientific Evaluation. London, 1966.HARDY, Sir Alister, The Living Stream. London, 1965.HAYES, J.S., in The Scientist Speculates An Anthology of Partly Baked Ideas. See Good,

I.J., ed.

105

HAYNES, , The Hidden Springs. London, 1961. ^------ J. ofSPR., Vol. XLV, No. 745, September 1970.HEISENBERG, W .,Der7e/7und das Ganze. Miinchen. 1969. ;HEYWOOD, Rosalind, The Sixth Sense. London1959.------ Notes on Changing Mental Climates and Research into ESP in Science and ESP. See j

Smythies, J.R., ed.HOOK, S., Conscience and Consciousness in Japan", Commentary, January 1959. JAFFE, A., J., ed.. Memories, Dreams, Reflections by C.G. Jung. London, 1963. ^------ C.G. Jung and Parapsychology in Science and ESP. See Smythies, J.R., ed.JEANS, Sir James, The Mysterious Universe. Cambridge, 1937.JUNG, C.G., Preface to German ed. of S.E. White, Das Uneingeschranlde Weitall. Zurich, 1948.------ Synchronlzitat als ein Prinzip akausaler Zusammenhange in Jung-Pauli, Naturerk-

larung und Psyche, studien aus dem C.G. Jung-lnstitut, Zurich, IV, 1952. See also Pauli, W.

------ The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche, Collected Works, Vol. VIII. Tr. Hull, R.F.C.London. 1960.

------ Memories, Dreams, Reflections by C.G. Jung. See Jaff6, A., ed. ,KAMfHERER, Paul, Das Gesetz der Serie. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt Stuttgart-Berlin, 1919. KEPLER, J., De Stella Nova, 1609. Opera Omnia, ed. Ch. Frisch. Frankofurti et Erlangae,

1858-1871.KOESTLER, A., The Yogi and the Commissar. London, 1945. Insight and Outlook. London, 1949. :------ The Sleepwalkers. London, 1959.------ The Act of Creation. London, 1964.------- The Lotus and the Robot. London, 1960.------ The Ghost in the Machine. London, 1967.------ Drinkers of Infinity. London, 1968.------ The Case of the Midwife Toad. London, 1971.------- and SMYTHIES, J. R., ed. Beyond Reductionism New Perspectives in the Life

Sciences. The Alpbach Symposium. London, 1969.KRIPPNER, S., and ULLMAN, ., Proc. Rarapsychological Association, No. 5,1968.LESHANN, L., J. of Transpersonal Psychology. Autumn, 1969.LODGE, S irO., Proc. SPR., Vol. II, pp. 189-200.MARGENAU, H., ESP In the Framework of Modern Science in Science and ESP. See Smy

thies, J.R., ed.della MIRANDOLA, Pico, Opera Omnia. Basle, 1557.

MOSER, F., Spuk. Baden bei Zurich, 1950.MURRAY, G., Presidential Address , proc. SPR., Vol. XLIX, Part 181, November 1952. Reprinted in Science and ESP see Smythies, J.R., ed.MYERS, F. W.H. See Guerney, E.NAUMOV, E.K., J. of Paraphysics, Vol. IV, No. 2,1970.OPPENHEIMER, J.R., Science and the Human Understanding. New York, 1966.PAULI, W., Der Einfluss Archetypischer Vorstellungen auf die Bildung Naturwissenschaft-

licher Theorien bei Kepler in Jung-Pauli^ Naturerklarung und Psyche. See Jung, 1952.PODMORE, F. See Guerney. E.PRATT, J.G. See Rhine, J.B., 1957.PRICE, H.H., HibbertJ., Vol. XLVII, pp. 105-13, 1949.------ Psychical Research and Human Personality in Science and ESP. See Smythies, J.R., ed.PRZIBRAM, H., Paul Kammerer als Biologe . Monistische Monatshefte, November 1926. REICHENBACH, H.. The Direction of Time. California and Cambridge, 1956.RHINE, J.B., The Reach of the Mind. New York, 1947.------ and PRATT, J.G., Parapsychology-Frontier Science of the Mind. Springfield, III., ..------ and BRIER, R.. Parapsycholopy Today. Durham, N.C., 1968.

106

RHINE, L ESP in Life and Lab. London, 1957.-------------- Hidden Channels of the Mind. London, 1961.RUSSELL, B., An Outline of Philosophy. London, 1927.SCHMEIDLER, Gertrude, Estra-Sensory Perception. Atherton Press, 1969.SCHMIDT, H., J. of Parapsychology, Vol. XXXIIl, No. 2, June 1969.------ J. of Parapsychology, Vol. XXXIIl, No. 4, December 1969a.------ J. of Parapsychology, Vol. XXXIV, No. 3, September 1970.------ J. of Parapsychology, Vol. XXXIV, No. 4, December 1970a.------ New Scientist, June 24,1971.SCHOPENHAUER, A.. Samtliche Werke, Vol. VIII. Stuttgart, 1850.SCIAMA, D.W., The Unity of the Universe. London, 1959.SIDGWICK, Mrs. Henry, Proc. SPR., Vol. XXXIV, Part XCII, December 1924, p. 212. SINCLAIR, U., hAental Radio. Foreword by Albert Einstein. Springfield, Illinois, 1930. SMYTHIES, J.R., ed.. Science and ESP. London, 1967.------ See Koestler (1969).SOAL, S.G., and BATEMAN, F., Modern Experiments in Telepathy. London, 1954. THOMSON, Sir G., Nature, Vol. 187, pp. 837-41, 1960.THOULESS, R.H., and WIESNER, B.P., Proc. SPR., Vol. XLVIII, pp. 177-96.------ J. of Parapsychology, Mo\. XII, pp. 192-212.TYRRELL, G.N.M., The Personality of Man Penguin, 1947.ULLMAN, M. See Krippner, S.UPDIKE, J., Cosmic Gall in Telephone Poles and Other Poems. New York, 1963. VERRALL, Mrs. A. W., Proc. Vol. XXIX, Part LXXII, 23.11 1916, p. 64.WADDINGTON, C.H., The Strategy of the Genes. London, 1957.WEAVER, W., Lady Luck and the Theory of Probability. New York, 1963.WELLS, H.G., The Country of the Blind. London, 1911.WEST, D.J. See Fisk, G. W.WHITEHEAD, A. N., Nature and Life. Cambridge, 1934.WHITROW, G. J., Time and the Universe in The Voices of Time. See Fraser, J. ., ed. WIESNER, B.P. See Thouless, R. H.

107

1976

Arthur Koestler 1974 I. 2000 . - , .., . 24 - . , 17, .

I. , 10, . 743-297

55, . 3248896

.. , . 38, . 265.708

Copyright ..

^ Jv

, , , , . .

. ? ,