7. C PROGRAM STRUCTURE
7. C PROGRAM STRUCTURE
1. STRUCTURE OF A C PROGRAM
Any C Program consists of the following parts:Preprocessor partMain function. This consists of the following:
The declaration part The Initialization part The Input Processing (Assignment, if/switch, calculations, or any
other C statements that will be covered later) The Output Return (0) command
This is shown in the diagram of the next slide.
Dr. Soha S. Zaghloul 2
1. STRUCTURE OF A C PROGRAM - SUMMARIZED
Preprocessor part (#include, #define)
Main function
int main (void){
Return (0);} // end of main function
// declaration part
// initialization part
// input part
// processing
// output
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1.1 DECLARATION PART
Preprocessor part (#include, #define)
Main function
int main (void){
Return (0);} // end of main function
// declaration partint number1, number2, number3;char gender;double salary;
// initialization part
// input part
// processing
// output
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1.2 INITIALIZATION PART
Preprocessor part (#include, #define)
Main function
int main (void){
Return (0);} // end of main function
// declaration part
// initialization parttotal = 0; // previously declareddouble product = 1.0; // undeclaredchar name[20] = “xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx”; //undeclared// input part
// processing
// output
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1.3 INPUT PART
Preprocessor part (#include, #define)
Main function
int main (void){
Return (0);} // end of main function
// declaration part
// initialization part
// input partprintf (“Enter the values of three integers\n”);scanf (“%d%d%d”, &number1, &number2, &number3);// processing
// output
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1.4 PROCESSING PART
Preprocessor part (#include, #define)
Main function
int main (void){
Return (0);} // end of main function
// declaration part
// initialization part
// input part
// processingtotal = number1 + number2 + number3;
// output
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1.4 PROCESSING PART (2)
Preprocessor part (#include, #define)
Main function
int main (void){
Return (0);} // end of main function
// declaration part
// initialization part
// input part
// processingtotal = total + number1;product = product * number2;
// output
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1.4 PROCESSING PART (3)Preprocessor part (#include, #define)
Main function
int main (void){
Return (0);} // end of main function
// declaration part
// initialization part
// input part
// processingif (total == 0) total = total + number1;else product = product * number1;
// output
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1.5 OUTPUT PART
Preprocessor part (#include, #define)
Main function
int main (void){
Return (0);} // end of main function
// declaration part
// initialization part
// input part
// processing
// outputprintf (“Final Results are: “);printf (“Total = %d, Product = %f”, total, product);
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2. EXAMPLE (1)
Write a complete program that calculates the average of three integer numbers.
Input?
number1
number2
number3
Type?
integer
integer
integer
Output?
average
Type?
double
// declaration partint number1, number2, number3;double average;
value?
Through scanf
Through scanf
Through scanf
value?
To be calculated
// input partprintf (“Enter the values of the three integers: \n”);scanf (“%d%d%d”, &number1, &number2, &number3);
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2. EXAMPLE (1) – CONT’D
Write a complete program that calculates the average of three integer numbers.
// declaration partint number1, number2, number3;double average;
// input partprintf (“Enter the values of the three integers: \n”);scanf (“%d%d%d”, &number1, &number2, &number3);
// processing partaverage = (number1 + number2 + number3) /3.0;
// output partprintf (“The average equals %f “, average);
#include <stdio.h>
int main (void){
return (0);} // end of main
2. EXAMPLE (2)
Write a complete program to select an operation based on the value of inventory. Increment total_paper by paper_order if inventory is ‘B’ or ‘C’; increment total_ribbon by ribbon_order if inventory is ‘E’, ‘F’, or ‘D’; increment total_label by label_order if inventory is ‘A’ or ‘X’. Do nothing if inventory is ‘M’. Display an error message if the value of inventory is not one of these eight letters.
input?
inventory
paper_order
ribbon_order
label_order
type?
char
integer
integer
integer
value?
Through scanf
Through scanf
Through scanf
Through scanf
// declaration partchar inventory;int paper_order, ribbon_order, label_order;
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2. EXAMPLE (2) – CONT’D
Write a complete program to select an operation based on the value of inventory. Increment total_paper by paper_order if inventory is ‘B’ or ‘C’; increment total_ribbon by ribbon_order if inventory is ‘E’, ‘F’, or ‘D’; increment total_label by label_order if inventory is ‘A’ or ‘X’. Do nothing if inventory is ‘M’. Display an error message if the value of inventory is not one of these eight letters.
// declaration partchar inventory;int paper_order, ribbon_order, label_order;
// input partprintf (“Enter inventory \n”);scanf (“%c”, inventory);
#include <stdio.h>int main (void){
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2. EXAMPLE (2) – CONT’D
Write a complete program to select an operation based on the value of inventory. Increment total_paper by paper_order if inventory is ‘B’ or ‘C’; increment total_ribbon by ribbon_order if inventory is ‘E’, ‘F’, or ‘D’; increment total_label by label_order if inventory is ‘A’ or ‘X’. Do nothing if inventory is ‘M’. Display an error message if the value of inventory is not one of these eight letters.
// declaration partchar inventory;int paper_order, ribbon_order, label_order;
// input partprintf (“Enter inventory \n”);scanf (“%c”, inventory);
// processing partswitch (inventory){ case ‘B’: case ‘C’: printf (“Enter amount of ordered paper \n”); scanf (“%d”, &paper_order);
total_paper = total_paper + paper_order; printf (“Total paper = %d”, total_paper);
break;
// iniatlization partint total_paper = 0;
#include <stdio.h>int main (void){
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2. EXAMPLE (2) – CONT’D
Write a complete program to select an operation based on the value of inventory. Increment total_paper by paper_order if inventory is ‘B’ or ‘C’; increment total_ribbon by ribbon_order if inventory is ‘E’, ‘F’, or ‘D’; increment total_label by label_order if inventory is ‘A’ or ‘X’. Do nothing if inventory is ‘M’. Display an error message if the value of inventory is not one of these eight letters.
// declaration partchar inventory;int paper_order, ribbon_order, label_order;
// input partprintf (“Enter inventory \n”);scanf (“%c”, inventory);
// processing part// continuation of the switch statement case ‘E’: case ‘F’: case ‘D’: printf (“Enter amount of ordered ribbon \n”); scanf (“%d”, &ribbon_order);
total_ribbon = total_ribbon + paper_order; printf (“Total ribbon = %d”, total_ribbon);
break;
// iniatlization partint total_paper = 0, total_ribbon = 0;
#include <stdio.h>int main (void){
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2. EXAMPLE (2) – CONT’D
Write a complete program to select an operation based on the value of inventory. Increment total_paper by paper_order if inventory is ‘B’ or ‘C’; increment total_ribbon by ribbon_order if inventory is ‘E’, ‘F’, or ‘D’; increment total_label by label_order if inventory is ‘A’ or ‘X’. Do nothing if inventory is ‘M’. Display an error message if the value of inventory is not one of these eight letters.
// declaration partchar inventory;int paper_order, ribbon_order, label_order;
// input partprintf (“Enter inventory \n”);scanf (“%c”, inventory);
// processing part// continuation of the switch statement case ‘A’: case ‘X’: printf (“Enter amount of ordered label \n”); scanf (“%d”, &label_order);
total_label = total_label + label_order; printf (“Total label = %d”, total_label);
break;
// iniatlization partint total_paper = 0, total_ribbon = 0, total_label = 0;
#include <stdio.h>int main (void){
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2. EXAMPLE (2) – CONT’D
Write a complete program to select an operation based on the value of inventory. Increment total_paper by paper_order if inventory is ‘B’ or ‘C’; increment total_ribbon by ribbon_order if inventory is ‘E’, ‘F’, or ‘D’; increment total_label by label_order if inventory is ‘A’ or ‘X’. Do nothing if inventory is ‘M’. Display an error message if the value of inventory is not one of these eight letters.
// declaration partchar inventory;int paper_order, ribbon_order, label_order;
// input partprintf (“Enter inventory \n”);scanf (“%c”, inventory);
// processing part// continuation of the switch statement case ‘M’: break;
default: printf (“Invalid input \n”); //invalid inventory value break;} // end of switch statement
return (0);} //end of main
// iniatlization partint total_paper = 0, total_ribbon = 0, total_label = 0;
#include <stdio.h>int main (void){
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2. EXAMPLE (2) – CONT’D// processing part// Using if statementif (inventory == ‘B’) || (inventory == ‘C’) { printf (“Enter amount of ordered paper \n”); scanf (“%d”, &paper_order); total_paper = total_paper + paper_order; printf (“Total paper = %d”, total_paper); } // (inventory == ‘B’) || (inventory == ‘C’)else if (inventory == ‘E’) || (inventory == ‘F’) || (inventory == ‘D’) { printf (“Enter amount of ordered ribbon \n”); scanf (“%d”, &ribbon_order); total_ribbon = total_ribbon + paper_order; printf (“Total ribbon = %d”, total_ribbon); } // (inventory == ‘E’) || (inventory == ‘F’) || (inventory == ‘D’) else if (inventory == ‘A’) || (inventory == ‘X) { printf (“Enter amount of ordered label \n”); scanf (“%d”, &label_order); total_label = total_label + label_order;
printf (“Total label = %d”, total_label); } // (inventory == ‘A’) || (inventory == ‘X) else if (inventory != ‘M’) // what if (inventory == ‘M)? printf (“Invalid Input \n”)
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2. EXAMPLE (3)
The table below shows the normal boiling points of several substances. Write a program that prompts the user for the observed boiling point of a substance in ºC. The program then identifies the substance if the observed boiling point is within 5% (more or less) of the expected boiling point. If the data input is more than 5% higher or lower than any of the boiling points in the table, the program should output the message “Substance unknown”.Substance Expected Boiling Point (ºC)Water 100Mercury 357Copper 1187Silver 2193Gold 2660
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2. EXAMPLE (3)
The table below shows the normal boiling points of several substances. Write a program that prompts the user for the observed boiling point of a substance in ºC. The program then identifies the substance if the observed boiling point is within 5% (more or less) of the expected boiling point. If the data input is more than 5% higher or lower than any of the boiling points in the table, the program should output the message “Substance unknown”.Substance Expected Boiling Point (ºC)Water 100Mercury 357Copper 1187Silver 2193Gold 2660
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2. EXAMPLE (3)Input?
observed
Type?
double
Output?
substance
Type?
string
value?
Through scanf
value?
To be calculated
#include <stdio.h>
int main (void){
return (0);} // end of main
// declaration partint observed;char substance[20];
// input partprintf (“Enter the observed boiling point: \n”);scanf (“%d”, &observed);
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2. EXAMPLE (3)
The table below shows the normal boiling points of several substances. Write a program that prompts the user for the observed boiling point of a substance in ºC. The program then identifies the substance if the observed boiling point is within 5% (more or less) of the expected boiling point. If the data input is more than 5% higher or lower than any of the boiling points in the table, the program should output the message “Substance unknown”.Substance Expected Boiling Point (ºC)Water 100Mercury 357Copper 1187Silver 2193Gold 2660
water_plus5 = (100 * 0.05) + 100;water_minus5 = (100 * 0.05) – 100;if (observed >= water_minus5) && (observed <= water_plus5) strcopy (substance, “water”);
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2. EXAMPLE (3)
The table below shows the normal boiling points of several substances. Write a program that prompts the user for the observed boiling point of a substance in ºC. The program then identifies the substance if the observed boiling point is within 5% (more or less) of the expected boiling point. If the data input is more than 5% higher or lower than any of the boiling points in the table, the program should output the message “Substance unknown”.Substance Expected Boiling Point (ºC)Water 100Mercury 357Copper 1187Silver 2193Gold 2660
in the same way, calculate:mercury_plus5, mercury_minus5,copper_plus5, copper_minus5,silver_plus5, silver_minus5,gold_plus5, gold_minus5
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2. EXAMPLE (3)
The table below shows the normal boiling points of several substances. Write a program that prompts the user for the observed boiling point of a substance in ºC. The program then identifies the substance if the observed boiling point is within 5% (more or less) of the expected boiling point. If the data input is more than 5% higher or lower than any of the boiling points in the table, the program should output the message “Substance unknown”.Substance Expected Boiling Point (ºC)Water 100Mercury 357Copper 1187Silver 2193Gold 2660
Don’t forget to declare your variables!!!
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2. EXAMPLE (3)
The table below shows the normal boiling points of several substances. Write a program that prompts the user for the observed boiling point of a substance in ºC. The program then identifies the substance if the observed boiling point is within 5% (more or less) of the expected boiling point. If the data input is more than 5% higher or lower than any of the boiling points in the table, the program should output the message “Substance unknown”.Substance Expected Boiling Point (ºC)Water 100Mercury 357Copper 1187Silver 2193Gold 2660
Complete the if statement…and conclude your program
2. EXAMPLE (4)Write a program that calculates and prints the bill for Riyadh’s power consumption. The rates vary depending on whether the user is residential, commercial, or industrial. A code of R corresponds to a Residential, C corresponds to a Commercial, and I to Industrial. Any other code should be treated as an error.The program should read the power consumption rate in KWH (Kilowatt per Hour); then it calculates the due amount according to the following:The rate is SAR 5 per KWH for Residential, SAR 10 per KWH for Commercial and SAR 20 per KWH for Industrial.
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2. EXAMPLE (4) – INPUT Write a program that calculates and prints the bill for Riyadh’s power consumption. The rates vary depending on whether the user is residential, commercial, or industrial. A code of R corresponds to a Residential, C corresponds to a Commercial, and I to Industrial. Any other code should be treated as an error.The program should read the power consumption rate in KWH (Kilowatt per Hour); then it calculates the due amount according to the following:The rate is SAR 5 per KWH for Residential, SAR 10 per KWH for Commercial and SAR 20 per KWH for Industrial.
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2. EXAMPLE (4) – INPUT Write a program that calculates and prints the bill for Riyadh’s power consumption. The rates vary depending on whether the user is residential, commercial, or industrial. A code of R corresponds to a Residential, C corresponds to a Commercial, and I to Industrial. Any other code should be treated as an error.The program should read the power consumption rate in KWH (Kilowatt per Hour); then it calculates the due amount according to the following:The rate is SAR 5 per KWH for Residential, SAR 10 per KWH for Commercial and SAR 20 per KWH for Industrial.
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2. EXAMPLE (4) – OUTPUT Write a program that calculates and prints the bill for Riyadh’s power consumption. The rates vary depending on whether the user is residential, commercial, or industrial. A code of R corresponds to a Residential, C corresponds to a Commercial, and I to Industrial. Any other code should be treated as an error.The program should read the power consumption rate in KWH (Kilowatt per Hour); then it calculates the due amount according to the following:The rate is SAR 5 per KWH for Residential, SAR 10 per KWH for Commercial and SAR 20 per KWH for Industrial.
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2. EXAMPLE (4) – PROCESSINGWrite a program that calculates and prints the bill for Riyadh’s power consumption. The rates vary depending on whether the user is residential, commercial, or industrial. A code of R corresponds to a Residential, C corresponds to a Commercial, and I to Industrial. Any other code should be treated as an error.The program should read the power consumption rate in KWH (Kilowatt per Hour); then it calculates the due amount according to the following:The rate is SAR 5 per KWH for Residential, SAR 10 per KWH for Commercial and SAR 20 per KWH for Industrial.
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