+ 9/11: A Terrible Event on American Soil (Source: worldpittsburgh.wordpress.com)

+ 9/11: A Terrible Event on American Soil

(Source: worldpittsburgh.wordpress.com)

+

Nirav ShahG/T Independent ResearchHoward High SchoolDr. James A. MilkeUniversity of Maryland, College ParkStructural Fireproofing & The World Trade Center Towers: Preventing Another Collapse

(Source: 911research.wtc7.net)

+Agenda

WTC Towers and 9/11

Spray-Applied Fire Resistant Material (SFRM)

National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) Investigation

Primary Analysis of NIST Report

Discussion

Conclusions

+WTC Towers

The WTC Complex: WTC 1 (the north tower) and WTC 2 (the south tower)

Exterior columns and a rectangular service core

Floor Trusses

Lead structural engineer: Leslie Robertson

(Source: science.howstuffworks.com)

+9/11

Two out of several terrorist attacks

Boeing 767 passenger airlines

WTC 1 – 8:46 am, Collapse: 102 minutes later

WTC 2 – 9:03 am, Collapse: 56 minutes later

(Source: www.debunking911.com)

+National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) Investigation

National Construction Safety Team Act

The Investigation: October of 2002 to November of 2005

The Report: December 1st, 2005

NIST NCSTAR 1-6

(Source: www.drjudywood.com)

+Spray-Applied Fire Resistant Material (SFRM)

Building Code Requirements

Selection of SFRM (BLAZE SHIELD Type DC/F)

Maintenance of SFRM

(Source: www.debunking911.com)

+Spray-Applied Fire Resistant Material (SFRM)

Thickness

Thermophysical Properties

Adhesive and Cohesive Strength of SFRM

(Source: www.debunking911.com)

+Example of Flaws in SFRM Application

(Source: www.debunking911.com)

+Fire Resistance Testing

- Loading a floor slab with an applied load to imitate a “maximum load condition”

- The load: concrete weight and container of water

Test #1 Full Scale (35ft)

Restrained ¾ inch SFRM

Test #2 Full Scale (35ft)

Unrestrained ¾ inch SFRM

Test #3 Reduced Scale (17ft)

Restrained ¾ inch SFRM

Test #4 Reduced Scale (17ft)

Restrained ½ inch SFRM

+Fire Resistance Testing Results

Test #1 – Full Scale - Restrained – ¾ inch SFRM: 1.5 hrs

Test #2 – Full Scale – Unrestrained – ¾ inch SFRM: 2 hrs

Test #3 – Reduced Scale – Restrained – ¾ inch SFRM: 2 hrs

Test #4 – Reduced Scale – Restrained – ½ inch SFRM: 0.75 hrs

+Important Facts to Note

No evidence of the technical basis for the selection of the SFRM thickness and type

No evidence of fire resistance tests of the WTC floor system

An obvious correlation between the SFRM thickness and the fire endurance rating

Class 1A vs. Class 1B Fire Protection

+Conclusions

The collapses were inevitable: time could only be saved

The SFRM was not established to prevent a collapse in this case

Established to save lives

The engineers did whatever they could accomplish as far as providing fire protection

+Thank You! Any Questions?

(Source: www.eventresources.com)

+Works Cited

"Asbestos Fireproofing & Fire Prevention Materials." Asbestos. The Mesothelioma      Center, 2 July 2013. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. <http://www.asbestos.com/      products/general/fireproofing-fire-prevention-materials.php>. Web.

Banovic, S.W., and T.A. Siewert. "Failure of Welded Floor Truss Connections from      the Exterior Wall during Collapse of the World Trade Center Towers."      American Welding Society: n. pag. AWS. Web. 15 Oct. 2013. 

Craven, Jackie. "Why the World Trade Center Towers Fell on September 11."      About.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Sept. 2013.

Eagar, Thomas W., and Musso, Christopher. "Why Did The World Trade Center      Collapse? Science, Engineering, and Speculation." The Member Journal of The      Minerals, Metals, & Materials Society 53.12 (2001): 8-11. TMS. Web. 15      Sept. 2013.