选选 8 选选选
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选修 8
马林霞
ReadingReading
Lead-in
Telephones become part
of our life. But do you know
who invented the telephone?
A British inventor called
Alexander Graham Bell.
Discuss the following questions in
groups:
1. What do you know about the inventor?
2. How useful is his invention to human
society? Why?
Pre-reading
Read the passage quickly and find
out the main idea of it.
Scanning
It mainly talks about the life of
Alexander Graham Bell and how he
made the great inventions.
Listen to the tape and try to answer
the questions on Page 26.
1. How did curiosity make Alexander
Graham Bell into a great inventor?
2. What did he think was the key to his
success as an inventor?
Listening
3. What inventions did Bell make by
chance?
4. Why will he always be known as the
inventor of the telephone?
1. How did curiosity make Alexander
Graham Bell into a great inventor?
It made him ask questions, think of
practical ways to solves problems, be
prepared to try solutions (and alter them)
several times and finally publish his
findings for others.
2. What did he think was the key to his
success as an inventor?
He believed that his curiosity was
the key to his success.
3. What inventions did Bell make by
chance?
Bell invented the telephone and the
tetrahedron shape by chance. Both of
these are extremely useful and still used
today.
4. Why will he always be known as the
inventor of the telephone?
He will always be known as the
inventor of the telephone because it was
a very popular invention and the patent
made the most money ever.
Language study
1. He found that by pressing his lips against his mother’s forehead, he could make the bones move in such a way that she could understand what he was saying.
他发现当他把嘴唇放在母亲的前额上，他就会让骨头以一种能让他母亲明白的话的方式运动。
这是一个复合句。 found 后接了一个宾语从句 ; way 后面接了由 that 引导的定语从句，在这个定语从句中又包含了一个 what
引导的宾语从句。注意 way 作先行词 , 后面的定语从句一般不用引导词 , 也可用 that/in
which 引导。
What surprised me was not what he
said but ____ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
2. He believed that one should always be
curious and his most famous saying was:
“Leave the beaten track occasionally and
dive into the woods. Every time you do
you will be certain to find something that
you have never seen before. Follow it up,
explore all around it, and before you
know it, you will have something worth
thinking about to occupy your mind.
All really big discoveries are the result of
thought.” 他认为人应该保持一颗好奇心，他最著名的一名话是 : “ 偶尔离开平路，去寻求困境。当你这么做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。所有真正伟大的发现都是思考的结果。”
dive into
He dived into the history of China． 他潜心研究中国历史。 He dived into his pockets and fished
out one dollar ． 他迅速把手伸进口袋掏出了一美元。
跳水 ( 头朝下 ) ；迅速把手伸入； ( 对活动，问题等 ) 全心投入，潜心研究
The boy dived into the river from the
bridge
这男孩从桥上跳人河中。 dive into 作 “潜心于……” 讲时和devote oneself to sth. 的意思一样，但devote oneself to sth. 还有“投身于…… ;
把自己奉献给……” 的意思。
He ____ his career and made a great
contribution to our country.
A. dived himself into
B. devoted himself to
C. dived into
D. devoted to
every / each time 意为“每次 ; 每当” ,
此 短语在句子中经常作连记词 , 引导时间状语从句做连词的名词 , 引导时间状语从句。能用做连词的名词短语还有： the first time 第一次 last time 上次； next time 下次； the instant / moment / minute /
second … that 一 ……就
____ I sees him, the old man is sitting
in the same chair.
A. Every time
B. Every time when
C. At each time
D. Each time that
3. Bell never set out to invent the
telephone and what he was trying to
design was a multiple telegraph.
贝尔从未打算发明电话而是试图 设计一 种复式电报。
set out (to do sth.)开始（做某事） , 着手干 ; 为某个目标而努力 They are setting out to do a new
experiment. 他们正在着手干一项新的试验。 He set out to break the record for the
channel swim. 他决心打破游过海峡的记录。
set out to do sth. = set about doing sth.
set out for = set off for = leave for
意为“出发到……去”Let’s set out before dark.
我们天黑前动身吧。Tomorrow I’ll set out for Beijing.
明天我将出发去北京。
1. At dawn, they set ____ to get ready
for the work of the day.
A. off B. about
C. out D. in 2. They set ____ at about 8
o’clock.
A. about to work
B. about to working
C. about working
D. out work
3. They ____ the mountain at noon.
A. set off to B. set out to
C. set out for D. set off in
4. Suddenly he had a flash of inspiration. 突然间 , 他灵光闪现。
a flash of inspiration 指“灵感的闪现”inspiration n.
〔 C 〕鼓舞或激励的人或事物 These events provided the inspiration
for her first book.
这些事是她第一本书的灵感来源。
〔 U 〕灵感 , 启发；
He said my sister was the inspiration
for his heroine.
他说我姐姐是他的女主人公的原型。 draw inspiration from
从……中吸取灵感 inspire v. 激励；鼓励 inspired adj. 借助于灵感创作的 inspiring adj. 鼓励人心的；激励的
5. If sound wave could be reproduced in
a moving electrical current, they could be
sent along a wire. 如果声波能够在移动的电流中复制 , 它们就能够被沿电线传送。 reproduce vt. 复制 ; 再现……的形象或声音 The tape recorder reproduced the
symphony. 录音机可使这交响曲重现。
current
(1) n. 气流 ; 水流 , 洋流 ; 电流 The current is strongest in the middle
of the river． 河中央的水流最急。 This button switches the current on． 这个电钮接通电流。
(2) adj. 时下的 , 当今的 , 流行的 , 通用的 Most of the old are interested in
current events． 大部分老年人都对时事感兴趣。 They are expecting profits of over $2
million in the current year． 他们期望今年的利润超过二百万美元。
The word is no longer in current use.
这个词已不再使用。
6. Being very stable, it has proved
invaluable in the design of bridges.
(四面体 )十分稳定牢固 , 在桥梁设计领域的价值难以估量。
Being very stable, 是 Because it is
very stable 的省略句 , 它在句中作原因状语。
stable:
1. The patient’s condition is stable. 患者病情稳定。2. The ladder doesn’t seem very stable. 这架梯子好像不太稳。 a stable relationship 稳定的关系
adj. firmly fixed; not likely to
move, change or fail; steady稳固的；稳定的；牢固的
7. Although he will always be known for
his invention of the telephone, he was in
truth a continuing searcher after
practical solutions to improve the quality
of everybody’s life.
虽然他一直以发明电话闻名于世 , 但是他的确是一个永不停息的探索者 , 不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的可行方法。
in truth 说实话 ; 说真的 ; 老实说 She laughed and chatted but was, in
truth, not having much fun.
她虽然又是笑又是侃 , 但实际上玩得并不开心。 I was in truth a miracle.
这确实是个奇迹。
practical 实际的 ; 实践的 ; 实用的 I want some practical advice. 我想要些实际性的建议。 It wouldn’t be practical for us to go all
that way just for the weekend. 我们跑那么远只为了去度个周末实在很不切实际。 The dictionary is very practical. 这本词典非常实用。
Using LanguageListening and speaking
Zhou Rui has decided to do a project
on a living British inventor called James
Dyson. So he telephoned Dyson’s
company in England to interview one of
its engineers about the great man’s ideas.
Situation
1. Listen to the tape and tick the words you hear.
□ washing machine □ drum
□ refrigerator □ court
□ carpet cleaner □ bicycle
√ √
√
√
Object The Problem James Dyson’s improvement
Washing machine
Washing machines at that time do not clean the clothes as well as by hand.
He invented a machine using two half drums which move in opposite directions.
2. Listen again and make notes on James Dyson’s invention.
Listening textListening text
GOOD DESIGN IS PRACTICAL
Zhou Rui is making a telephone call to
an engineer who works for Janes
Dyson, a famous British inventor.
GOOD DESIGN IS PRACTICAL
Zhou Rui is making a telephone call to
an engineer who works for Janes
Dyson, a famous British inventor.
DS: Hello. Can I speak to Zhou Rui,
please? This is Dr Smith.
ZR: Gook morning, Dr Smith. How
kind of you to ring me back? Do
you think you can accept my
phone interview now? I’m very
interested in James Dyson’s
inventions and ideas.
DS: Hello. Can I speak to Zhou Rui,
please? This is Dr Smith.
ZR: Gook morning, Dr Smith. How
kind of you to ring me back? Do
you think you can accept my
phone interview now? I’m very
interested in James Dyson’s
inventions and ideas.
DS: Sure. I’m happy to speak about
our company and its founder,
James Dyson. He is not an
inventor who makes something
entirely new. He takes everyday
products, like washing machines,
and makes them work better.
DS: Sure. I’m happy to speak about
our company and its founder,
James Dyson. He is not an
inventor who makes something
entirely new. He takes everyday
products, like washing machines,
and makes them work better.
ZR: I see. How did he improve the
washing machine?
DS: He found that clothes were not as
clean from a washing machine as
those washed by hand.
ZR: Really? Is that true?
ZR: I see. How did he improve the
washing machine?
DS: He found that clothes were not as
clean from a washing machine as
those washed by hand.
ZR: Really? Is that true?
DS: Yes, because most machines had
one large drum and the clothes
went round and round in it.
ZR: So what can you do to improve
that?
DS: This is the clever part. James
Dyson invented a system with two
drums in the same machine.
DS: Yes, because most machines had
one large drum and the clothes
went round and round in it.
ZR: So what can you do to improve
that?
DS: This is the clever part. James
Dyson invented a system with two
drums in the same machine.
Together they are the same size as
the old drum but work differently.
One drum goes in one direction
and the other goes in the other. So
it’s more like hand-washing and
the clothes come out cleaner.
ZR: Was it easy to design?
Together they are the same size as
the old drum but work differently.
One drum goes in one direction
and the other goes in the other. So
it’s more like hand-washing and
the clothes come out cleaner.
ZR: Was it easy to design?
DS: No. It took many working models
before Mr Dyson was content with
the result.
ZR: How long did it take him?
DS: I’m not sure. But I know that when
he invented a new carpet cleaner it
took five years to design and over
5,000 tests before he was satisfied.
DS: No. It took many working models
before Mr Dyson was content with
the result.
ZR: How long did it take him?
DS: I’m not sure. But I know that when
he invented a new carpet cleaner it
took five years to design and over
5,000 tests before he was satisfied.
ZR: Wow! I didn’t realize it took so
long.
DS: Oh, there are more problems even
after you get the patent. For
example, during the early years
James Dyson found that a large
company making carpet cleaners
in America was
ZR: Wow! I didn’t realize it took so
long.
DS: Oh, there are more problems even
after you get the patent. For
example, during the early years
James Dyson found that a large
company making carpet cleaners
in America was
copying his ideas. He had to go to
the court to protect his invention.
ZR: I hope he won.
DS: Yes, in the end that company had
to pay us a lot of money because
they had used our ideas illegally.
It was an important day for us.
copying his ideas. He had to go to
the court to protect his invention.
ZR: I hope he won.
DS: Yes, in the end that company had
to pay us a lot of money because
they had used our ideas illegally.
It was an important day for us.
ZR: What new ideas does James Dyson
have?
DS: I’m sorry but you’ll just have to
wait and see!
ZR: Thank you and I’m afraid I shall
have to ring off now. Goodbye.
DS: Goodbye.
ZR: What new ideas does James Dyson
have?
DS: I’m sorry but you’ll just have to
wait and see!
ZR: Thank you and I’m afraid I shall
have to ring off now. Goodbye.
DS: Goodbye.
3. You want to apply for a job in James
Dyson’s company. So you ring up one
of his engineers to ask what kind of
person he needs. Remember to ask for
as much information as you can. Here
some phrases that may be useful for
you to make a telephone call:
Dialogue
Hold the line, please.
Hang on, please.
Just a moment, please.
I’m sorry, but this phone is out of order.
I can’t get through.
Sorry. He / She isn’t here right now.
Can I ring back later?
I’ll ring him / her up again.
I must ring off now because…
S: Hello, is that James Dyson's
company?
E: Yes, Who's that?
S: This is Li Ping. Is that the personnel
manager?
Sample dialogue: (S-student; E-engineer)
E: Just a moment, please. Sorry. He
isn't here right now. Can I take a
message?
S: No, thanks. Maybe I'll ring him
again some other time. By the
way, may I ask you some
questions?
E: Sure, go ahead.
S: I want to apply for a job in your
company and I want to ask what kind
of person you need.
E: Well, as far as I know, we need some
skilled workers who are good at
machinery and have a good
knowledge of repairing some
electrical equipment used at
home, for example washing machine,
refrigerator, electric fan and so on.
S: Are we graduates needed in some
departments in your company ?
E: It's hard to say now. Maybe you will
have some chance to work and learn
in some department, but you have
to wait and see. lf you are free,
you may call the personnel manager
at three o'clock this afternoon.
S: OK, I will. By the way, how much
will I get if I can work as your
colleague?
E: Usually the average salary for new-
comers is $2,000 per month. And
you may get a rise if you progress well
or have some invention in your work.
S: Well, I know. l must ring off now
because I have to go back home for
lunch. Thanks a lot. Bye!
E: Goodbye and good luck!
WritingWriting
Now write a letter to James
Dyson asking him for a job in
his company. Here is the
beginning and ending:
Dear Mr Dyson,
I would like to apply to become an assistant
in your company.
…
I would be grateful if you would consider
employing me in your company.
Yours sincerely,
(your name)
● Use the list of skills to make new
paragraphs in your letter.
● For each skill set down any experience you
have had, which shows that you are a suitable
person. You may be creative in this part of the
letter.
● Finish the letter by mentioning again the
skills that you have.
Information
Dear Mr Dyson,
I would like to apply to become an
assistant in your company.
I expect to get a degree in mechanical
engineering from Beijing University at
the end of this year. I have always been
a good student and last year I finished
Sample writing:
third in my year and my professor
expects me to do even better in this
year’s exams.
I have worked (in my holidays) for a
company that makes toys for the
Western market. I helped in the design
department and designed a range of new
panda playing cards and board games.
It was fun and made me think that I
would like to work in a real inventor’s
company.
I understand that my qualifications and
experience are what you look for in a
new employee. So I would be
grateful if you would consider
employing me in your company.
Yours sincerely,
Lin Xue
Homework
1. Correct your partner’s letter.
2. Go over the language points of the
unit.
3. Finish all the exercises in workbook.
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