303
- 303 -
’
- 304 -
- 305 -
- 306 -
±
- 307 -
compounds Prime Minister, short-circuit, brown-eyedphrasal verbs come, go, get, put, take of, in, on, down
idioms spill the beans, have an axe to grind, kick the bucketfixed phrases of course, at least, in fact, by far, good morning, how do you do,
excuse me, you know 3white as a sheet it never rains but it pours
prefabs the thing/fact/point is, that reminds me, I'm a great believer in …
- 308 -
……
polywords by the way topic shifter , so to speak fluency device , strictly speaking evaluator , you know
clarifier , once and for all summarizernevertheless, moreover, however relator
institutionalized how do you do? greeting , nice meeting you expressions closing , give me a break objection , there you
go approval , long time no see greetingphrasal a [day/year/long time] ago temporal relator
constraints as far as I [know/can tell] qualifier , you [creep/
jerk] disapproval , the [sooner/better/happier]
the [sooner/better/happier] comparator , for
[instance/example] exemplifier
sentence I think that X assertion , not only X, but also Y
builders relators , my point is that X summarizer ,let me
start with X topic marker , it's only in X that Y
qualifier , [would/could] you [help/lift that]?
request , it seems that X assertion , that
reminds me of X topic shifter
- 309 -
- 310 -
- 311 -
Ellis, N. C. 2001 . ‘Memory for language’. In P. Robinson eds. , Cognition and Second Language Instruction, pp.33-68. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lewis, M. 1993 . The Lexical Approach: The State of ELT and a Way Forward. Hove, England: Language Teaching Publications.
Miller, G. A. 1956 . The magical number, seven plus minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review 63:81-97.
Moon, R. 1997 . Vocabulary connections: multi-word items in English. In N Schmitt and M. McCarthy eds. , Vocabulary: Description, Acquisition and Pedagogy, pp.40-63. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. Nattinger, J. R. and DeCarrico, J. S. 1992 . Lexical Phrases and Language Teaching. Oxford:
Oxford University Press. Pawley, A. and Syder, F. 1983 . Two puzzles for linguistic theory; nativelike selection and
nativelike fluency. In Richards , J. and R, Schmidt eds. , Language and Communication, pp.191-226. London and New York: Longman.
Poos, D., & Simpson, R. C. 2002 . Cross-desciplinary comparisons of hedging: Some findings from the Michigan Corpus Aademic Spoken English. In Reppen, R., Fitzmaurice, S. M., and Biber, D., Using Corpora to Explore Linguistic Variation. pp.3-23. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Sinclair, J. 1991 . Corpus, concordance collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Tomiyama, M. 1999 . The first stage of second language attrition: a case study of a Japanese
returnee. In L. Hansen Ed. , Second language attrition in Japanese contexts pp.59-79 .New York: Oxford University Press.
Tomiyama, M 2000 . Child second language attrition: a longitudinal case study. Applied Linguistics, 21 3 , 304-332.
Willis, D. 1990 . The Lexical Syllabus: A new approach to language teaching. London: Collins ELT.
Yoshitomi, A. 1992 . Towards a model of language attrition: neurobiological and psychological contributions. Issues in Applied Linguistics, 3 2 , 293-318.
Yoshitomi, A. 1999 . On the loss of English as a second language by Japanese returnee children. In L. Hansen Ed. , Second language attrition in Japanese contexts pp.80-111 . New York: Oxford University Press.
- 312 -