ஸம் ஸம் சிறப்பு மலர்

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fyhrhu tpoh rpwg;G kyh; 2014

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gpuNjr fyhrhu Nguit

gpuNjr nrayfk;

fhj;jhd;Fb


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kyh; ntspaPl;Lf; FO

jiytu;:- [dhg; SH.K]k;kpy; (gpuNjr nrayhsu;)

cWg;gpdu;fs;:-

nksytp;:-MIM.g]pu; kjdp (fyhrhu

- mgptpUj;jp cjtpahsu;)

[dhg;.MH.[htpj; (fyhrhu cj;jpNahfj;ju;)

MM.ghtyu; rhe;jp KifjPd;

[dhgh. ghj;jpkh Kfk;kl;

my;`h[;. TL. [/gu;fhd;

[dhgh. SJM.[yhy;jPd;

[dhg;. MMM.k`;éy;

[dhg;.MTM.êD];

m~;n~a;f;. MIM. KdPu; (eoPkp)

[dhg;. AGM. g`;kp

[dhg;. MTM. m];kp jh[{jPd;

[dhg;.S.m`;kj; n[];yhd;

jpU.DMJ.rpwptu;jd

[dhg;.MTM.êD];

my;`h[;.MSM.Ehu;jPd;

nkstp.SMM.K];jgh (gyh`p)

my;`h[;.KL.fku;jPd;

[dhg;.MIM.K];jgh

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nfsut nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp gpujpaikr;ru; my;`h[; MLAM. `p];Gy;yh MA, MP mtHfshy; toq;fg;gl;l Mrpr; nra;jp

,yq;ifj;jpUehl;by; E}W tPjk; K];ypk; kf;fis cs;slf;fpa ngUikf;Fupa fhj;jhd;Fb gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; fyhrhu tpohtpid Kd;dpl;L ntspaplg;gLk; “]k; ]k;” kyUf;F Mrpr;nra;jp toq;Ftijapl;L kfpo;r;rp milfpd;Nwd;.

gy;ypd kf;fs; gpize;J thOk; vkJ ehl;by; xt;nthU ,dj;jpdJk; fyhrhu jdpj;Jtk; Ngzpg;ghJfhj;J tsHf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fpNyNa xt;nthU gpuNjr nrayf uPjpahf fyhrhu Nguit cUthf;fg;gl;L tUlhe;jk; xU fyhrhu tpoh elhj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

fyhrhuk; vd;gJ xt;nthU gpuNjrj;jpw;Fk; NtWgl;l uridAld; mt;tg;gpuNjr thridapid nfhz;ljhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. xU r%fj;jpd; tuyhW mwpag;gLtJk;> mstplg;gLtJk; mr;rKfk; tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; mtHfshy; ifahsg;gl;l fiy mk;rq;fisAk;> mtHfsJ fyhrhu gz;ghl;L tpOkpaq;fisAk; nfhz;Nl MFk;.

,e;j tifapy; ,yq;if K];ypk; kf;fsJ gy E}w;whz;L ghuk;gupa G+HtPf tuyhw;Wj; jlaq;fs; Nrfupf;fgLtJk; ghJfhf;fg;gLtJld; mtHfsJ fiy mk;rq;fSk; Mtzg;gLj;jg;gLtJk; jw;Nghija #o;epiyapy; fhyj;jpd; NjitahFk;.

,jd; mbg;gilapy; vd;dhy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l MNyhridg;gb ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; njhz;ik> ghuhk;gupak;> tuyhw;Wj;jlaq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;fpa fyhrhu fz;fhl;rpnahd;W fle;j 2013k; Mz;by; fhj;jhd;Fb gpuNjr nrayhsH [dhg; SH. K]k;kpy; mtHfsJ jiyikapy; kpfj;jpwikahf ele;NewpaJ. K];ypk;fspd; cyf> ,yq;if tuyhw;iw jpUk;gpg;ghHf;f nra;j mf;fz;fhl;rpf;fhf cioj;j gpuNjr nrayhsUf;Fk; Vida cj;jpNahfj;jHfSf;Fk; ghuhl;Lf;fis njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;.

NkYk; fhj;jhd;Fb gpuNjrj;jpNy KO ,yq;if K];ypk;fSf;Fkhd fyhrhu E}jdrhiy xd;iw mikg;gjw;fhf ehd; vLj;j Kaw;rpapd; gadhf fiy tbtq;fSldhd fl;blk; jw;NghJ mikf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. tpiutpy; rfy ,d kf;fSk; fz;Lfspf;Fk; xU E}jdrhiy fhj;jhd;Fbapy; jpwe;J itf;fg;glTs;sJ.

“]k; ]k;” vd;w ,];yhkpa Guhjd tuyhw;Wr; nrhw;gjj;Jld; tUlhe;jk; ntspaplg;gLk; ,k;kyH %ykhf vkJ gpuNjr kf;fspd; fiy> fyhrhu> gz;ghl;L Mf;fq;fs; thapyhf tsUk; fiyQHfs; Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gLtJld; thOk; fiyQHfs; nfsutpf;fg;gLfpd;wdH. tuyhw;Wj;jlaq;fspy; xd;whf ,];yhkpa fiy ,yf;fpa tsHr;rpf;F ]k; ]k; fsk; mikf;f Ntz;Lnkd tho;j;jp tpilngWfpd;Nwd;.

my;`h[; MLAM. `p];Gy;yh`; MA, MP

nfsut nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp gpujpaikr;ru;

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my;`h[; rpg;yp ghWf; (nghwpapayhsu;) nfsut fpof;F

khfhz rig cWg;gpdu; mtu;fspd; tho;j;Jr; nra;jp

fhj ;jhd;Fb gpuNjr nrayfj;jpdhy;

elhj;jg;gLfpd;w gpuNjr fyhrhu rhfpj;jpa

tpohit Kd;dpl;L ntspaplg;gLk; “]k; ]

k;” kyUf;F tho;j;Jr; nra;jp toq;Ftjpy; kfpo;r;rpailfpd;Nwd;.

,d;iwa ,isQu;fs;> Atjpfs; etPd njhlu;ghly; rhjdq;fspy;

mjpf <LghLfhl;Lfpd;w fhuzj;jhy; fiy ,yf;fpa

tplaq;fspy; Mu;tk; fhl;LtJ Fiwe;J tUfpd;wJ.

vkJ %jhijau;fspd; fiy ,yf;fpak; tPuj;ijAk;

MNuhf;fpakhd tho;itAk; fw;Wj;jUfpd;wd.

,t;thwhd kiwe;j fiy ,yf;fpaj;jpw;F Gj;Japu;aspg;gJ

fhyj;jpd; NjitahFk; ,e;j tifapy; gpuNjr fiy ,yf;fpa

tpoh kiwe;j fiy ,yf;fpaj;ij ntspf;Fdu;tjw;fhd

re;ju;g;gkhFk;

,t;tpohtpy; nfsutpf;fg;gLk; fiyQu;fis tho;j;JtNjhL

fiy ,yf;fpa Nghl;bapy; ntw;wp ngw;W guprpy;fs; ngWk;

khzt>khztpfisAk; tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;.

,t;Tau; gzpf;fhf cioj;j midtUf;Fk; kdkhu;e;j

ed;wpfisAk; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;.

my;`h[; rpg;yp ghWf; (nghwpapayhsu;)

nfsut fpof;F khfhz rig cWg;gpdu;

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murhq;f mjpgupd; Mrpr; nra;jp

kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpy; fhj;jhd;Fbg; gpuNjr nrayfk;

fyhrhu tpohtpid Kd;dpl;L ntspaplg;gLk; ]k; ]k;

kyUf;F tho;j;Jr; nra;jpapid toq;Ftijapl;L kpfTk;

kfpo;rpailfpd;Nwd;.

xt;nthU ,dj;jpw;Fk; jdpj;Jtkhd fiy fyhr;rhug; gz;ghL ,Ug;gJ

Nghd;W K];ypk;fSf;Fk; jdpj;Jtkhd fiy fyhr;rhuq;fs; ,Ug;gJk;

mtu;fsJ fyhrhu ghuk;ghupa tpOk;gpaq;fis gpd;gw;WtJk; toikahFk;

me;jtifapy; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; fiyQu;fs;> rhd;Nwhu;fs;> KjpNahu;fs;>

gyJiw tpw;gd;du;fs; Mfpa gyjug;gl;l r%fj;jpdiuAk; jiyepkpu

juzpapy; Gfo; g+f;f fsk; mikj;jpLk; ,t; fyhrhu tpoh kyuhf ]

k; ]k; kf;fs; kdjpy; ,lk; gpbj;Js;sJ vd;gJ kWf;f Kbahj

cz;ikahFk;.

vdNt jdpj;Jtkhd fiy ,yf;fpa ghuk;gupa gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fs;

jhq;fptUk; ]k; ]k; kyu; kf;fspd; kdjpy; ntw;wpr+l Cf;fkspj;j

gpuNjr nrayhsUf;Fk; ,jw;Fk; Kd;dpd;W cioj;j Mf;ff;FO kw;Wk;

tpohf; FotpdUf;Fk; vdJ ,jak; fdpe;j ey;tho;j;Jf;fsj; njuptpj;Jf;

nfhs;tjpy; kfpo;rpailfpd;Nwd;.

-ed;wp-

jpUkjp.gp.v];.vk;.rhu;s;];>

murhq;f mjpgUk; >khtl;l nrayhsUk;>

kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lk;.

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cjtp gpuNjr nrayhsuplkpUe;J...

gp];kpy;yh`pu;u`;khdpu;u`Pk;.

fhj;jhd;Fb gpuNjr nrayf fyhrhug; Nguitapdhy;

tUle;NjhWk; ntspaplg;gLfpd;w fyhrhu ntspaPlhd

“]k; ]k;” kyUf;F vdJ Mrpia njuptpg;gjpy;

kfpo;r;rpailfpd;Nwd;.

xt;nthU r%fj;jpw;Fk; jdpj;Jtkhd fyhrhuq;fs; fhzg;gLk;.

mJNt mr;r%fj;jpidj; jdpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; mk;rq;fspy; gpujhdkhf

kpspu;fpd;wJ. vdNtjhd; mf;fyhrhuq;fis ghJfhj;J Cf;Ftpj;J

mtw;wpid Mtzg;gLj;Jk; Xu; Vw;ghlhf ,f;fyhrhu kyuhd

“]k;]k;” kyu; jpfo;fpwJ. Vnddpy; xU r%fj;jpd; ,Ug;Gf;Fr;

rhd;whf ,Ug;gJ mr;r%fj;jpd; tuyhWjhd;. me;j tifapy;

fhj;jhd;Fb gpuNjrj;jpd; fyhrhuj;ij Mtzg;gL;j;Jfpd;w ,k;kyu;

fyhrhuj;jpD}lhf tuyhw;iw vjpu;fhy re;jjpapdUf;F toq;Fk;

Xu; VlhfTk; mikAk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.

,k;kyu; ntspapLtjw;F JizGupe;j fyhrhu cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs>;

fyhrhu Nguit> gpuNjr nrayf cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; kw;Wk;

Mf;fq;fisj;je;j fiyu;fSf;Fk; vdJ ed;wpiaj; njuptpj;Jf;

nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

AC. mfkl; mg;fH

cjtpg; gpuNjr nrayhsH

fhj;jhd;Fb.

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MrpNahiy

fiy tsu;j;j fhj;jhd;Fbapd; muR nrayfj;jpd; fiy

,joha; ]k; ]k; tUtijapl;L tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;;.

fiy fiyf;fhfth? kfpo;r;;rpf;fhfth? MoFf;fhfth?

vd;Dk; jj;Jt tprhuizfSf;F mg;ghy; tho;tpaiy

gjpT nra;fpwJ vDk; gjpT gutyhf ,Uf;fpwJ.

jkpo; vq;fs; nkhop ,];yhk; vq;fs; top vd;gjdhYk; Mq;fpNya

fhyzpapd; fl;lha kjkhw;w fhuzq;fhshYk; vk; vOJ epiyf;fy;tp

gpd; jq;fpaJ.

,t;ntw;wplj;jpid epiyTWj;jp muG ypgpay; jkpo; nkhopf;F mzpNfhu;j;J

muG jkpo; mtjhuk; vLj;jJ . ,t;thrpNahiy Clhf jkJ kz;zpy;

muGj; jkpo; fpue;jq;fs; Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vDk; vdJ

Ntzthit ,t; Xiyapd; Clhf nrhy;ypf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

vd;id `h[u; mtu;fs; ike;jd; ,];khapypd; fhyb nghq;fpa

ePu;f;Nfzpf;F $wpa ,t; ]k; ]k; thu;j;ij ,e;EhypYk; fhynkhy;yhk;

,yf;fpa Cw;wha; kyu vd; csj;jlhfj;jpy; Kfpo;j;j mrpj;jhkiufisj;

jUtjpy; Mde;jk; milfpNwd;.

ed;wp.

MIM.Rigu; JPjiytu;.

gs;spthay; K];ypk; epWtdq;fspd; rk;kNsdk;>

fhj;jhd;Fb

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kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l [k;,a;aJy; cykh kw;Wk; [k;,a;aJy;

cykhtpd; nfsutj;jiytUk; > fhj;jhd;Fb fhop ePjpgjpAkhd

nksytp my;`h[; S.M. mypahu; (gyh`p) JP mtu;fspd;

Mrpr;nra;jp.

m];]yhK miyf;Fk; tw`;kJy;yhfp tgwfhJ`P

ekJ gpuNjrj;jpd; rfu epu;thfg; gzpfisAk; nrk;ikahf

rpuNkw;nfhz;L nra;J tUfpd;w gpuNjr nrayhsUk;

nrayf cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSk; jq;fsJ NritfSf;F

kj;jpapy; myf;fpa gzpfisAk; mjNdhL ,ize;j

tplaq;fSk; rQ;rpifahf ntspnfhzUtnjd;gJ

tuNtw;fj;jf;fJk;> guhl;lj;jf;fJkhFk;.

mur cj;jpNahfj;jpd; gzpGupe;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w muRj;Jiw mYtyu;fs;

rjh fhyKk; jhq;fs; gzpapidg;gw;wpAk;> jkJ md;whl epfo;Tfs; gw;wpANk

rpe;jpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,f;fhyj;jpy; > jq;fsJ Ntiyg;gSf;fSf;f

kj;jpapy; > vOj;Jf Jiwapy; jkJ rpe;jidfisAk; vz;zq;fiyAk;

fl;Liufshf> ftpijfshf >rpWfijfshf Ma;TfSf;fhd ge;jpfshf

]k; ]k; rQ;rpifapy; gjpg;gJ muRj;jiw mYtyu;fs; vOj; Jiwapy;

nfhz;Ls;s mthtpd; nthspg;ghlhfNt vk;khy; fhzKbfpd;wJ.

ekJ gpuNjrj;jpd; fiy fyhrhuj;ij gpujpgypf;Fk; tifapy; fhyj;jpd;

Njit fUjp ,t;thwhd rQ;rpiffs; ntspaplg;gltJ Fwpj;J

kfpo;r;rpailtJld;> ,jw;F Mrpr; nra;jp toq;ff;fpilj;jikiag;

ghf;fpakhff; fUJfpd;Nwd;.

NkYk; ,g;gpuNjr nrayfk; khtl;lj;jpy; Kjyplk; ngw;W nkd;NkYk;

rpwe;Njhq;f vy;yhk; ty;y my;yh`; mUs;Gupa Ntz;Lnkd;Wk

gpuhj;jpf;fpd;N;wd;.

nksytp my;`h[; S.M.mypahu; (gyh`p)

jiytu;>

kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l kw;Wk; fhj;jhd;Fb [k;,a;aJy; cykh

]k; ]k;10


fhj;jhd;Fb efurig Kjy;th; my;`h[;. SH. Kfk;kJ

m];gh; J.P mth;fspd; Mrpr; nra;jp

fhj;jhd;Fb gpuNjr nrayfj;jpdhy; tUle;NjhWk;

rpwg;gpj;J elhj;jg;gLk; gpuNjr fyhrhu tpohit

Kd;dpl;L ntspaplg;gLk; “ ]k;]k; “ fyhrhu tpoh rpwg;G kyupy; vdJ MrpAiu gjpaf;fpilj;jijapl;L

ngUkfpo;tilfpNwd;.

epfo;Tfis epidTfshf NgZtjw;Fk; vjph;fhyj;jpw;fhd gjpTfshf

Mtzg;gLj;jYf;Fk; ,t;thwhd E}YU Kaw;rpfs; jhd; KOikahd

gadspf;fpd;wd.

me;j tifapy; vkJ gpuNjr fyhrhu ghuk;gupa mk;rq;fis jhq;fp

,e;E}y; ntsptUtJ ,ul;bg;G kfpo;it jUfpwJ.

,yq;ifapy; K];ypk;fs; mlh;j;jpahf tho;fpd;w gpuNjrkhf fhj;jkh efh;

fhzg;gLtNjhL> njd;fpof;fhrpahtpNyNa rdj;njhif nrupe;jpUf;Fk;

efukhfTk; ,g;gpuNjrk; jpfo;tJ xU rpwg;gk;rkhFk;. me;j tifapy;

vkJ fyhrhu ghuk;ghpaq;fs; E}w;whz;Lfis fle;jit vd;W $wpdhy;

kpifahfhJ.

NkYk; 2014k; Mz;bd; fhj;jhd;Fb gpuNjr nrayf fyhrhu tpohit

Kd;dpl;L elhj;jg;gl;l ghlrhiy kw;Wk; jpwe;j ,yf;fpag; Nghl;bfspy;

gq;F gw;wp ntw;wpaPl;ba khzt khztpfSf;Fk;> vOj;jhsu;fSf;Fk;

vdJ kdkhu;e ;j ghuhl;Lf;fisAk; tho;j;Jf;fisAk; $wpf;

nfhs;tNjhL…>

vkJ Kd;Ndhu;fs; %jhijah;fspd; ehshe;j eilKiwfs; ,d;W etPd

eilKiwfshf khwpg;NghdhYk; epidTfshfg; Ngzp tuyhw;wpy; rhd;W

gfh;tjw;F ,t;thwhd VLfspy; gjpT nra;tJ fhyj;jpd; NjitahFk;.

,g;gzpf;fhf cioj;j midj;J cs;sq;fSf;Fk; ,r;re;jh;g;gj;jpy; vdJ

kdkhu;e;j ghuhl;Lf;fis njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;tNjhL> 2014k; Mz;bd;

fhj;jhd;Fb gpuNjr nrayf fyhrhu tpoh rpwg;ghf ele;NjWtjw;Fk;

,iwaUs; Ntz;b gpuhh;j;jpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

SH. K`k;kJ m];gu;

efuKjy;tu;

efurig> fhj;jhd;Fb.

]k; ]k;11


KfTiufhj;jhd;Fb gpuNjr nrayf fyhrhug;Nguit tUlhe;jk;

elhj;Jk; gpuNjr fyhrhu tpohtpd; NghJ ntspapl;L

itf;fg;gLk; “]k;]k;” rpwg;G kyupid cq;fs; Kd;

rku;g;gpg;gjpy; kfpo;r;rpailfpNwd;.

,yq;if rpwpa ehlf ,Ue;jhYk; xt;nthU fpuhkKk; khWgl;l

nkhop eil >cil gof;f tof;fq;fs;> rkaf; fpupiafs; jpUkz rlq;Ffs;

Nghd;w ,d;Ndhud;d tplaq;fspy; NtWgl;bUg;gij Ma;T nra;Ak; NghJ

mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ. jkpo; nkhop xd;Wjhd; Mdhy; mJ kf;fshy; Ngrg;gLk;

tpjk; CUf;F Cu; tpj;jpahrkile;J fhzg;gLfpwJ. .,j;jifa tpj;jpahr

uridfshy; ngwg;gl;l fiy>fyhrhuq;fs; mj;jidAk; mt;tg; gpuNjr kf;fshy;

ghJfhj;J vjpu;fhy re;jjpapdUf;F ifaspf;f Ntz;baJ tho;Nthupd; tho;Tf;

fldhFk;.

,f;Fwpf;NfhSld; kl;Lky;yhJ Gjpa etPd fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g Gjpa fiytbtq;fSk;

gupzhkk; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfNt muR ehL g+uhfTk; cs;s gpuNjr

nrayfq;fspDhlhf fyhrhu Nguitfis cUthf;fp tUlhe;jk; gpuNjr fyhrhu

tpohtpid elhj;jp tUfpd;wJ.mt;tpohtpd; ntspg;ghLfshf fiy ,yf;fpag;

Nghl;bfs; kw;Wk; gpuNjrj;jpd; fiyQu;fis nfsutpj;jy; vd;gtw;Wld; rpwg;G

kyu; xd;Wk; ntspaplg;gLfpwJ.

,t;tifapy; fhj;jhd;Fb gpuNjrj;jpy; tho;e;JtUk; fiyQu;fspd; Mf;fq;fisAk;

gpuNjrj;jpd; ghuk;gupa fyhrhu rpwg;gk;rq;fisAk; giwrhw;Wtjw;F “]k;]

k;” rpwe;j fskhf mikAk;. vkJ ghuk;gupak; fyhrhu KJrq;fs; gpuNjr

fiyQu;fspdJk; mwpKfk; fiyQu;fspd; Mf;fq;fs; Nghd;w ,d;Ndhud;d

mk;rq;fisj; jhq;fp tUk; ,r;rpwg;G kyu; vkJ gpuNjrj;jpd; ngUikia

ntspAyFf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;Yk; xU Kaw;rp vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.

,g; gzpia Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;F vdf;F cWJizahf epd;w mYtyf

cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; kw;Wk; fyhrhug;Nguit cWg;gpdu;fs; ,r;rpwg;G kyu;

ntspaPl;by; <Lgl;l fyhrhu cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; Mfpa xt;nthUtUf;Fk; ed;wp

$w flikg;gl;Ls;Nsd;.

v];.vr; K]k;kpy;

gpuNjr nrayhsUk;

fyhrhug; Nguit jiytUk;.

]k; ]k;12


fyhrhu cj;jpNahfj;jhplkpUe;J….

“gp];kpy;yh`pu;u`;khdpu;u`Pk;”

fhj;jhd;Fb gpuNjr nrayf fyhrhug; Nguit tUlhe;jk;

elhj;jptUk; gpuNjr fiy ,yf;fpa tpohtpd;NghJ ntspaplg;gLk;

ehd;fhtJ”]k;]k;”rpwg;G kyhpid cq;fs;Kd; rku;g;gpg;gjpy;

kfpo;r;rpailfpd;Nwd;! “my;`k;Jypy;yh`;”

jkf;nfd jdpj;Jtk; fhj;J tho;e;J tUk; fhj;jhd;Fbg; gpuNjr kf;fspd;

fiy>fyhrhu ,yf;fpag; ghuk;gupaq;fisf; fhj;J vjph;fhy re;jjpapdUf;F

ifaspf;Fk; nghWg;gpid”]k;]k;”rpwg;Gkyh; fhj;jpukhf epiwNtw;wp

tUtJahtUk; mwpe;jNj

,r; rpwg;G kyh; ntspaPl;by; kpFe;j mh;g;gzpg;Gld; fhj;jpukhd MNyhridfisAk;

topfhl;ly;fisAk; toq;fpa vkJ kjpg;gpw;Fwpa gpuNjr nrayhsUk;

fyhrhug;Nguitj; jiytUkhd [dhg;.v];.vr;.K]k;kpy; mth;fSf;F gzpTld;

ed;wpapidj; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

NkYk; tho;j;Jr; nra;jpfis toq;fpa gpuKfh;fSf;Fk; Mf;fq;fis toq;fpa

fiyQ;Qu;fSf;Fk;> fyhrhug;Nguit cWg;gpdh;fSf;Fk; tpidj;jpwdhf

nraw;gl;lkyh; FOtpdUf;Fk; xj;Jiog;G ey;fpa gpuNjr nrayf

cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSf;Fk; gpuNjr fiy ,yf;fpa tpohitnahl;b elhj;jg;gl;l

Nghl;bfspy; gq;F nfhz;l ghlrhiy kl;l kw;Wk; jpwe;jkl;lg; Nghl;bahsh;fSf;Fk;

eLth;fshff; flikGhpe;NjhUf;Fk; vdJ ,jak; epiwe;j ed;wpapid

,r;re;jh;g;gj;jpy; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;

“]k;]k;”rpwg;Gkyhpd; Ie;jhtJ ntspaPLk; rpwg;ghf mika Ntz;Lk; vd ty;y

my;yh`;itg; gpuhu;j;jpj;jtdhf tpilngWfpd;Nwd;

[dhg;.vk;.vr;.[htPj;

fyhrhu cj;jpNahfj;jUk; fyhrhug;Nguitr; nrayhsUk;>

gpuNjr nrayfk;

fhj;jhd;Fb

]k; ]k;13


fyhrhu mgptpUj;jp cjtpahsuplkpUe;J……….

fhj;jhd;Fb gpuNjr nrayf 2014 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd

gpuNjr fyhrhu rhfpj;jpa tpohitnahl;b “]k;]k;” rpwg;G kyu; ntsptUtijapl;L kpfTk;

kfpo;r;rpailfpd;Nwd;.

fhj;jhd;Fb gy;NtW rpwg;Gf;fisf;nfhz;l gpuNjrk;. etPd cyfpd;

fyhrhu jhf;fj;jpw;F kj;jpYk; K];ypk;fSf;F cupj;jhd fyhrhuk;>

gz;ghL> tpOkpaq;fSf;F Clhf ,t;T+u; cykhf;fs; r%f jiytu;fspd;

topfhl;lypdhy; newpg;gLj;jg;gl;L jq;fsJ ,Ug;ig cWjpg;gLj;jp

tho;tJ ,t;T+upd; rpwg;gk;rq;fspy; xd;whFk;.

jkpo; nkhopapYk; mwGnkhopapYk; Gfo;ngw;W gy ,yf;fpag; gilg;Gfis

toq;fpatu;fs; ,t;T+upy; tho;e;Js;sdu; vd;gJ ,t;T+u; tuyhw;wpypUe;J

njupa KbfpwJ. ,it Ngd;w ,yf;fpa gilg;Gfis toq;f ty;ytu;fs;

vkf;F kj;jpapy; ,iykiw fha;fshf jq;fsJ ,yf;fpa gzpapid

nra;JtUfpd;wdu;. Mz;LNjhWk; ,yf;fpa tpohf;fs; elhj;jg;gLtjd;

%yk; mtufsJ Mw;wy;fs; ntspf;nfhdug;glfpd;wd.

me;jtifapy; ,t;tUlk; fyhrhu rhfpj;jpa tpohthdJ ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy;

fiy> ,yf;fpaj;Jiwapy; mjpf <Lghl;Lld; nraw;gl;Nlhiuf;

nfsutpj;jy; > gpuNjr kl;l fiy ,yf;fpag; Nghl;bapy; ntw;wpngw;w

khzt khztpfSf;F fyhrhu mYty;fs; jpizf;fsj;jpd;

rhd;wpjo;fSk; guprpy;fSk; toq;fp Cf;fkspj;jy;> fyhrhu fz;fhl;rp

2013 ,d; ,Wntl;L ntspaply; vDk; tifapy; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fyhrhu rhfpj;jpa tpoh rpwg;ghf epiwNtw Cf;fkspj;J xj;Jisj;j

gpuNjr nrayhsu; cjtp gpuNjr nrayhsu; fzf;fhsu; epUthf

cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; gpuNjr nrayf cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; fyhrhug; Nguit

cWg;gpdu;fs; mDruid toq;fpa rKu;j;jp rq;fq;fs; midtUf;Fk;

vdJ kdkhu;e;j ed;wpfis njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwd;.

m\;n\a;f; M.I.M. grPu; kjdp fyhrhu mgptpUj;jp cjtpahsu;

gpuNjr nrayfk;

fhj;jhd;Fb

]k; ]k;14


cs;Ns EioAKd;…fiy fyhrhu mgptpUj;jpapy; fhj;jhd;Fb fyhrhu kj;jpa

epiyaj;jpd; gq;fspg;Gk; K];ypk;fspd; fiy fyhrhu Jiw

ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;bajd; mtrpaKk;

,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; njhd;ik> tuyhW gw;wpa fyhrhuf;

fz;fhl;rp-2013 njhlu;ghd gp;d;D}l;ly;

cyf K];ypk;fspd; 1001 fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs;

tho;j;Jf; ftpij (fyhrhuf; fz;fhl;rp)

jz;zph;ntb (fl;Liu)

vdf;nfhU jha; Ntz;Lk;

fyhrhuKk; mjw;$lhd ew;gz;Gs;s Gjpa rKjhaKk;

]k; ]k;15


fiy fyhrhu mgptpUj;jpapy; fhj;jhd;Fb fyhrhu kj;jpa

epiyaj;jpd; gq;fspg;Gk; K];ypk;fspd; fiy fyhrhu Jiw

ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;bajd; mtrpaKk;

fyhrhu kw;Wk; fiy mYty;fs; mikr;rpdhy; ehlshtpa hPjpapy; gpuNjr nrayf

hPjpahf fyhrhu kj;jpa epiyaq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;L nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

gpuNjrj;jpd; fiy fyhrhu tpOkpaq;fis ntspf;nfhzHjy;> mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;>

kiwe;J Nghd fiy fyhrhu ghuk;ghpa tpOkpaq;fis kPs; cap&l;ly;> ghJfhj;jy;>

mjD}lhf ey;nyhOf;fKs;s> ew;gz;Gs;s rKjhaj;ij fl;bnaOg;gp ,e;j ehl;by;

fyhrhu tpOkpaq;fisf; nfhz;l ew;gpui[fis cUthf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; fyhrhu

epiyaq;fs; jdJ nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wd.

fyhrhu kj;jpa epiyaq;fspd; gpujhd nraw;ghlhf> mikr;rpd; mwpTWj;jYf;F

mika jpwd; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; eldk;> rq;fPjk;> thj;jpak;

thrpj;jy;> rpj;jpuKk; XtpaKk; tiujy;> rpw;gk; nrJf;Fjy;> Nkil ehlfKk;

muq;fpaYk;> ifg;gzp Ntiyfs;> rpq;fs nkhop> Mq;fpy nkhop> jkpo;nkhop>

cly; cs mgptpUj;jp> ghuk;ghpa jw;fhg;Gf;fiy> topfhl;lYk; MNyhrid $wYk;

Nghd;w Jiwfspy; gapw;rp newpfs; elhj;jg;gl;L tUtJld; tpNrl fiy fyhrhu

epfo;r;rpfs; elhj;Jjy;> fyhrhu kz;lgk; thliff;F toq;fy;> E}yf nraw;ghLfs;

Nghd;w gy;NtW NritfSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

fhj;jhd;Fbapd; gy ghuk;ghpa fiy fyhrhu tpOkpaq;fs;> epfo;Tfs; ,d;W kiwe;J

NghFk;> mope;J NghFk; epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;wNghJk; fyhrhu kj;jpa epiyak;

,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; fiy fyhrhu Jiwfspd; tsHr;rpf;fhf Nritahw;wptUfpd;wJ.

K];ypk;fis jdpj;Jtkhff; nfhz;l ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; fl;Lg;ghLfSf;Fk; ,];yhk;

khHf;fj;jpd; tuk;Gfis kPwhjtifapYk; fyhrhu epiyak; jdJ nraw;ghLfis

Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;yNtz;ba Njit ,q;F fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j tifapy;

tUlhe;jk; mikr;rpdhy; toq;fg;gLk; mwpTWj;jy;fSf;F mikthf>

01. K];ypk;fspd; ghuk;ghpa fspfk;G / Nfhyhl;lk; ghlnewp02. jfuh thrpj;jy; ghlnewp

03. rpj;jpuk; tiujy; ghlnewp

04. ehlfKk; muq;fpaYk; ghlnewp

05. fpuhkpa rq;fPj ghlnewp

06. rpq;fs nkhop ghlnewp

07. Mq;fpy nkhop ghlnewp

08. topfhl;lYk; MNyhrid $wYk; ghlnewp

09. rPdb rpyk;gb ghlnewp

10. ifg;gzp Ntiyfs; ghlnewp

vd gy;NtW Jiwfspy; gapw;rp newpfs; elhj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. ,g;gapw;rp

newpfspy; gq;Fgw;wp G+Hj;jp nra;Ak; gapw;rpahsHfSf;F fyhrhu kw;Wk; fiy

mYty;fs; mikr;rpdhy; ngWkjp kpf;f rhd;wpjo;fs; toq;fpitf;fg; gLfpd;wJ.

khztHfspd; gy;fiyf;fof> fy;tpay; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Vida fy;tp eltbf;iffspy;>

Ntiytha;g;G Nghd;w NeHKfg; ghPl;irfspd; NghJ ,r;rhd;wpjo;fs; Gs;spfis

ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjpy; nghpJk; cjTfpd;wd.

]k; ]k;16


fyhrhu kw;Wk; fiy mYty;fs; mikr;rpdhy; tUlhe;jk; Njrpa rq;fPj>

eld Nghl;bfs; (gpujPgh) elhj;jg;gl;L ntw;wp ngWgtHfSf;F rhd;wpjo;fSk;

Nflaq;fSk; toq;fpitf;fg;gLfpd;wd. 2014k; Mz;bw;F elhj;jg;gl;l khfhz

kl;l gpujPgh Nghl;bapy; fhj;jhd;Fb fyhrhu kj;jpa epiyak; fpuhkpa ghly;

rpNu\;l gphpTf;fhd Nghl;bapy; Kjyhk; ,lj;jpidAk; fpuhkpa ghly; fdp\;l

gphpTf;fhd Nghl;bapy; ,uz;lhk; ,lj;jpidAk;> ehl;bd; kWkyHr;rp vDk;

jiyg;gpyhd eldj;jpy; ,uz;lhk; ,lj;jpidAk;> Nfhyhl;lk; kw;Wk; wghd;

eldj;jpy; ,uz;lhk; ,lj;jpidAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJld; Njrpa kl;l Nghl;bapy;

fpuhkpa ghly; rpNu\;l gphptpy; ,uz;lhk; ,lj;jpidAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ.

,jD}lhf khztHfs; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l khfhzkl;l> Njrpa kl;l rhd;wpjo;fs;

khztHfspd; fy;tp eltbf;iffSf;Fk;> Ntiytha;g;GfSf;Fk; cjTtjhf

cs;sJ. fyhrhu epiyaj;jpdhy; K];ypk;fspd; fiy fyhrhu ghuk;ghpaq;fis

gpujpgypf;Fk; tifapy; Nfhyhl;lk; / fspfk;G FOf;fs;> jfuh FOf;fs; kw;Wk;

Nkil epfo;r;rpfs; ,ytrkhfTk; fl;lzk; mwtplg;gl;Lk; toq;fg;gl;L tUtJld;

gy;NtW fiy epfo;r;rpfSf;fhd jfuh Nghd;w ,irf;fUtpfs;> fyhrhu cilfs;

vd;gdTk; Nritabg;gilapy; toq;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

NkYk;; fhj;jhd;Fb fyhrhu kj;jpa epiyaj;jpdhy; tUlhe;jk;>

01. Rje;jpu jpdk;

02. kfspH jpdk;

03. Gifj;jy; vjpHg;G jpdk;

04. ,g;jhH epfo;Tfs;

05. ngUehs; tpohf;fs;

06. ,];yhkpa GJtUl (K`Huk;) tpoh

07. fUj;juq;Ffs;

08. gapw;rpg;gl;liwfs;

09. rpukjhd epfo;Tfs;

10. fyhrhu Rw;Wyhf;fs;

11. tpNrl fiy fyhrhu epfo;Tfs;

vd gy;NtW tpN\l epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; gpuNjrj;jpd; Njitf; Nfw;g

elhj;jg;gl;LtUfpd;wd.

Nkw;gb Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jfpd;w NghJ vjpHnfhs;Sk; jilfs;>

fl;Lg;ghLfs; vkJ eltbf;ifapy; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; #o;epiy fhzg;gLfpwJ.

khHf;fuPjpahf Vw;gl;Ls;s njspT> ,d;W K];ypk;fspd; gy;NtW epfo;Tfspy;

gpd;gw;wg;gl;L te;j rlq;Ffs;> rk;gpujhaq;fs;> gof;ftof;fq;fs;> fiy fyhrhu

Jiwfs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd. ,jdhy; K];ypk;fspd;

jdpj;Jtj;ij>gpuNjrj;ij milahsg;gLj;Jk; tuyhw;W rhd;Wfs;> fiy fyhrhu

ghuk;ghpa epfo;Tfs;> kuGhpikfs; mope;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk; epiy cUthfpAs;sJ.

jdpj;Jt r%fk; vd;gJ mr;r%fj;jpd; ,iw ek;gpf;if> tzf;f topghLfs;>

czT> cil> gof;ftof;fq;fs;> nkhop> fiy fyhrhu nraw;ghLfs;> FLk;g

tho;T> cwTKiw> murpay;> nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs;> tpahghuk; Nghd;w

gy;NtW tplaq;fspy; jkf;nfd jdpahd gz;Gfis topKiwahff; nfhz;L

]k; ]k;17


fhzg;gLtjhFk;. ,t;topKiwfis FHMDk; egpatHfspd; top KiwAk; ekf;F

njspthf topfhl;bAs;sd. vdNt kdpj r%jhaj;ij topNfl;by; nfhz;L nry;Yk;

nraw;ghLfis Kw;whf jtpHj;J K];ypk;fspd; jdpj;Jtj;ij milahsg;gLj;Jk;;

fiy fyhrhu Jiwfis ,dq;fhz Ntz;baJ fhyj;jpd; mj;jpahtrpa

NjitahfTs;sJ.

,d;W ekJ r%fj;jpNy gy;NtW mur kw;Wk; mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fs; fiy

fyhrhu JiwfSf;F msg;nghpa Nritfis nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpwd. ,tHfsJ

Nritfs; Nkk;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lkhapd; ,tHfSf;fhd ghlj;jpl;lq;fs;> topfhl;ly;fs;

MNyhridfs;> gapw;rpfs; Jiw uPjpahf toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba NjitAs;sJ.

ghlrhiyfis Nehf;Fk; NghJ gy;NtW fiy fyhrhu Jiwfs; ghlhPjpahf

,izf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ mhpjhfNt cs;sJld; ,j;JiwfNshL rk;ke;jg;gl;l rpj;jpuk;>

ehlfKk; muq;fpaYk; Nghd;w ghlq;fs; f.ngh.j rhjhuz ju tFg;Gf;fspy;

fw;gpf;fg;gLtJk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fg;gLtJk; kpfTk; FiwthfNt cs;sJ.

NkYk; caHju tFg;Gf;fspy; ,j;Jiwfs; fw;gpf;fg;gLtJkpy;iy. ,jdhy; ekJ

gpuNjrj;jpd; khztHfs; ,yFthd topapy; jkJ gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy;> fy;tpay;

fy;Y}hpfspy; fy;tpapid njhlHtjw;fhd tha;g;gpid ,of;Fk; #o;epiyAk;

Nghl;bfs; epiwe;j njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fspy; gpd;js;sg;gLk; epiyAk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

vdNt ekJ jdpj;Jtj;ij milahsg;gLj;j fiy fyhrhu Jiwfs; cldbahf

,dk; fhd;gJ ekJ r%ff; fl;lhaf; flikahfTs;sJ. ,jw;nfd r%fNrit

epWtdq;fs;> mwGf;fy;Y}hpfs;> ,];yhkpa gpur;rhu mikg;Gf;fs;> gy;fiyf;

fofq;fs;> ghlrhiyfs;> fiy fyhrhu epWtdq;fs;> mur Jiw epWtdq;fs;>

K];ypk; murpay; fl;rpfs;> murpay;thjpfs;> cykhf;fs;> Gj;jp[Ptpfs;>

fy;tpkhd;fs;> fiyQHfs;> eyd;tpUk;gpfs; Nghd;NwhH xd;WNrHe;J K];ypk;fspd;

fiy fyhrhu tpOkpaq;fis Ma;T nra;J milahsg;gLj;jp jdpahd ghlj;

jpl;lj;jpidAk; fiy fyhrhu ghuk;ghpa tiuaiwfisAk; cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;.

mJgw;wp kf;fsplk; tpopg;GzHitAk; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. gy;fiyf; fofq;fs;>

ghlrhiyfs;> mwGf;fy;Y}hpfs;> mwnewpg; ghlrhiyfs;> jdpahH fy;tp epWtdq;fs;

Nghd;witfspy; fiy fyhrhu Jiwfs; fw;gpf;fg;gLtjd; Clhf K];ypk;fspd;

fiy fyhrhu ghuk;ghpaq;fis ntspf;nfhzuf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;epiyapy;

tuyhw;iw milahsg;gLj;Jk; vkJ jdpj;Jtk; $Wk; fiy fyhrhu Jiwfs;

ghJfhf;fg;gl;L jdpj;Jtkpf;f fiy fyhrhuk; nfhz;l K];ypk; r%fk; vd;gjid

vk;khYk; milahsk; fhl;l KbAk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.

vk;.I.vk;.vk;.k`;G+o;

fyhrhu Nkk;ghl;L cj;jpNahfj;jH>

nghWg;gjpfhup>

fyhrhu kj;jpa epiyak;>

fhj;jhd;Fb.

]k; ]k;18


,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; njhd;ik> tuyhW gw;wpa

fyhrhuf; fz;fhl;rp-2013 njhlu;ghd gp;d;D}l;ly;

MIM. grPu; kjdp fyhrhu mgptpUj;jp cjtpahsu;

,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; njhd;ik kw;Wk; gz;ila tuyhW> mjw;fhd tuyhw;W

jlaq;fs;> Mtzq;fs;> njhy;nghUl;fs; vd;gd Ngzpg;ghJfhf;fg;gl;L njhlUk;

re;jjpapdUf;F tplg;ggLtJ ,d;waikahjjhFk;. mj;Jld; K];ypk;fspd;

tuyhw;W njhd;ik njhlu;ghd Njly; cs;s Ma;thsu;fSf;Fk; ,t;thwhd

tuyhw;W njhd;ik fhg;gf Kidg;G gaDs;sjhf mikAk;.

,t;tifapy; ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; tuyhw;iwg; ghJfhj;J NgDk;

Nehf;fpy; nghUshjhu mgptUj;jp nfsut gpujp mikr;ru; my;`h[; M.L.A.M. `p];Gs;sh`; MA,MP mtu;fshy; fhj;jhd;Fbapy; mUq;fhl;rpafk; xd;iw

epWtjw;fhd G+u;thq;f Vw;ghLfs; eilngw;W tUfpd;wd. ,jd; mq;fkhfj;jhd;

,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; njhd;ik> tuyhW gw;wpa fyhrhuf; fz;fhl;rp fle;j

2013 ngg;utup 1k;> 2k;> 3k; jpfjpfspy; kl; / kPuhghypfh tpj;jpahyak; Njrpa ghlrhiyapy; gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; Vw;ghl;by; nghUshjhu mgptUj;jp nfsut

gpujp mikr;ru; my;`h[; M.L.A.M. `p];Gs;sh`; MA,MP mtu;fspd; epjp

xJf;fPby; elhj;jg;gl;lJ.

%d;W jpdq;fs; eilngw;w ,f;fz;fhl;rpia cs;Su; ntspA+H khzt

khztpfSk; nghJkf;fSk; kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L ntspehl;L gpujpepjpfSk;

ghu;itapl;L mtu;fsJ fUj;Jfis gjpe;Js;sdu;.

gpuNjr nrayhsu; kw;Wk; cj;jpNahfj;ju;fspd; mauhj Kaw;rpapd; gadhf ed;F

jpl;lkplg;gl;L ,yq;ifapd; gy ghfq;fSf;Fk; fsg;gazq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L

gy fye;Jiuahly;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tuyhw;W Ma;thusu;fsJ fUj;Jfs;

ngwg;gl;L mjw;fhd jpl;l tiuGfs; tiuag;gl;L mjd; mbg;gilapy;

,f;fz;fhl;rp elhj;jg;gl;lJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mk;rkhFk;.

jpl;l tiuG

01. ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; Muk;g fhy njhlu;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jk;

Mtzq;fis Nrfupj;jy;

1. fy;ntl;Lf;fs; 2 rpyhrdq;fs;. 3 Mtzr;Rtbfs;.

4 tuyhw;W Fwpg;Gfs; 5 . tuyhw ;W Fw pNgLfs ; 6 .

Gifg;glq;fs;

Muk;g fhy tu;j;jf eltbf;ifs;

1. ntspehl;L tu;j;jfk;

]k; ]k;19


2. cs;ehl;L tuj;jfk;

kUj;Jtk;

1.A+dhdp 2. gz;ila fhy muru;fs; Mw;wpa kUj;Jt Nrit

fl;blf; fiy

1. gs;sptay;fs;

2. tPl;L mikg;G

murpay;

1.Njrpa xw;Wikf;fhd K];ypk;fspd; murpay; gq;fspg;G 2. Rje;juj;jpw;F

Kw;gl;l ,yq;ifapd; murpaypy; K];ypk;fspd; gq;fspg;G

tho;tpay;

nkhop> muGj; jkpo; gw;wpa Ma;T> fy;tp> ghuk;gupa muG kj;u]

hf;fspd; tuyhW> Mil mzpfyd;fs;> kidg; nghUl;fs;> czT

gof;ftof;fq;fs;> jpUkzr; rlq;Ffs;

fiyAk; ,yf;fpaKk;

nghy;yb> rpyk;gb> ehlfk;> tpy;Yg;ghl;L> ,yf;fpa kuGfs;

K];ypk;fs; cyf ehfupfj;jpw;F Mw;wpa gq;fspg;G

1> mwptpay; > kUj;Jtk;> fzpjk;> fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs;> ehlfhd; gazk;.

,f;fz;fhl;rpf;fhf gpd;tUk; FOf;fs; epakpf;fg;gl;ld

1.Mtzq;fisj; Njly; 2 nghUl;fis fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; 3 tpsf;fk;

vOJjy;> tuyhW $wy; 4 fhl;rpg;ggLj;Jk; Kiwikiaj; jPu;khdpj;jy;>

fiy epfo;r;rpfis XOq;F gLj;Jjy;> xUfpizg;Gf;FO> nghJthd

Vw;ghLfs;> nryT tpguk; jahupj;jy; > eyd;Gup > ghu;itahssu;fis

xOq;FgLj;Jjy; kz;lg xOq;

Muk;g tpoh

fyhrhu fz;fhl;rpapd; Muk;g tpoh 2013. 02.01 nts;spf;fpoik K.g 9.00

kzpf;F kl; kPuhghypfh tpj;jpahyaj;jpy; fyhrhu fz;fhl;rpia mjpjpfs;fs;

jpwe;Jitj;J ghu;itapl;ljd; gpd;G mjpjpfs; fiy epfo;TfNshL `p];Gs;sh

fyhrhu kz;lgj;jpw;F mioj;J nry;yg;gl;L gpuNjr nrayhsu; [dhg; v];.vr;

K]k;kpy; SLAS mtu;fspd; jiyikapy; Muk;g epfo;T rpwg;ghf eilngw;wJ.

gpuNjr fiyQu;fspd; fiy epfo;r;rpfSk; NkilNaw;wg;gl;ld.

]k; ]k;20


fyhrhuf; fz;fhl;rp

Muk;g epfo;itj; njhlu;e;J fyhrhuf; fz;fhl;rp %d;W jpdq;fs; eilngw;wJ.

Rkhu; ,Ughapj;jpw;F Nkw;gl;Nlhu; ,f;fz;fhl;rpia fz;Lfspj;jdu;. mjd;

fhl;rpfspy; rpy

]k; ]k;21


01. HOME

vkJ (Nkw;fj;Nja) fyhr;rhuj;jpdJk; ehfupfj;jpdJk; tsu;r;rp njhlu;ghf

,];yhkpa cyFf;F ehk; ve;jsTf;F flikg;gl;Ls;Nshk;

vd;gJ gw;wpa mwpahik Nkw;Fyfpy; gutyhff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.,];yhj;ij xU me;epa fyhrhukhfTk;

,k;Nkw;Fyfpd; vjpupahfTNk ghu;f;fpd;w ehk;> ,];yhk;

vkJ nrhe;j tuyhw;Wld; ve;jsT njhlHGgl;Ls;sJ

vd;gij Ntz;Lnkd;Nw vkJ epidTfspypUe;J mopj;Jf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;.

Nfhg;gp

01 fp.gp. 9k; (`p[;up 3k;) E}w;whz;by; fhypj; vd;w xU ,ilad;> xU tiff;

fdpfis cz;l jd; MLfs; RWRWg;giltij mtjhdpj;jhd;. mf;

fdpfspy; ,Ue;J xU tifg; ghdj;ij jahupj;J mjw;F my; f`;th

vd;W ngauplg;gl;lJ.

02. ,d;W Nfhg;gp vd miof;fg;gLk; ngw;Ws;s my; f`;th g];fh

Nuh]p vDk; JUf;fpa K];ypkhy; 1650 y; ,q;fpyhe;jpw;F mwpKfk;

nra;ag;gl;lJ.

PrinceCharles

cyf K];ypk;fspd; 1001 fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs;

1001 fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs; vd;gJ gy tpUJfs; ngw;w mwptpay; kw;Wk; fyhrhu

ghuk;gupa rHtNjr mikg;ghFk;. ,t;tikg;ghdJ Golden Age vdg;gLk; ngw;fhyj;jpy; K];ypk;fspd; ehfupfj;jpd; mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopEl;g

tsHr;rpia cyfkag;gLj;Jtjw;fhf jd;id mHg;gzpj;Js;sJ. ,jd;

xH mq;fkhf “cyf K];ypk;fspd; 1001 fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs;” vDk; XH mw-

ptpay; E}y; xd;iw ntspapl;Ls;sJ. ,e;E}ypy; Dark Age vdg;gLk; ,Uz;lfhyj;jpy; cyf ehfupj;jpw;F K];ypk;fspd; gq;fspg;G njhl-

Hghf rpwg;ghf Fwpg;gplg;glLs;sJ. mj;Jld; tPL> ghlrhiy> re;ij>

itj;jparhiy> efuk;> cyfk;> gpugQ;rk; vDk; VO cgjiyg;Gf;fs;

cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

,J njhlHghf fle;j 2013k; Mz;L gpuNjr

nrayfj;jpdhy; elhj;jg;gl;l fyhrhu fz;fhl;rpapYk;

,e;j 1001 fz;Lgpbg ;Gf ;fs; XH mq;fkhf

NrHj;J nghJkf;fSf;F fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJk;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ

,t;tupa jfty;fspid vkJ ,isa rKjhaKk;

mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhfNt ,e;E}ypy; cs;s

Kf;fpa Fwpg;Gf;fis vkJ gpuNjr nrayf

cj;jpNahfj;jHfisf; nfhz;L jkpopy; nkopngaHj;J

]k; ]k;22


12k; E}w;whz;Lf;F Kd;

01. Nfhg;gp ghdj;jpid cyFf;F mwpKfk; nra;jy;.

vjpNahg;gpahtpy; MLfs; xUtifr; nrbapd; fha; cz;l NghJ RWRWg;G

mile;jd.

(vdNt mr; nrbapd;) Nfhg;gp tpijfs; nfhjpf;f itf;fg;gl;L my;

f`;th vDk; ghdk; jahupf;fg;gl;lJ.

vkd; Njrj;jpy; #gpf;fs; ,uT tzf;fj;jpy; J}f;fj;jpidj; jtpHj;J

tpopj;jpUe;J ,uT tzf;fj;jpy; <Lgl my; f`;th ghdj;jpid

mUe;jpdH.

gpuahzpfs;> ahj;jpupfHfs;> tpahghupfs; %yk; K];ypk; cyFf;F guTjy;.

17k; E}w;whz;by; INuhg;ghit miljy;.

16k; E}w;whz;bd; Nfhg;gp mUe;Jk; ,lj;jpy; Coffee House Njhw;wk;

17k; E}w;whz;by; yz;ldpy; Njhw;wk; ngw;w The Lioyds Coffee

House ,J tHj;jfHfs;> fg;gy; nrhe;jf;fhuHfs; vd;gtHfspd; re;jpf;Fk;

jskhfTk; nghJ kf;fs; murpay; rhHe;j tplaq;fis fye;JiuahLk;

,lkhfTk; ,Ue;jJld; tpLjiy ,af;fq;fspd; cUthf;fj;jpw;Fk; top

tFj;jJ.

Chess

rJuq;fk;> rh\h ,g;D jh`pH vd;gtuhy; ,e;jpahtpy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ.

ghurPfj;jpw;F (jw;fhy <uhd;) mDg;gg;gl;l xU J}JtH ,jid ghurPf

K];ypk;fSf;F mwpKfk; nra;jhH. ,t; tpisahl;by; gy Kd;Ndw;wq;fis

Vw;gLj;jpa ghurPfH mjid “rj;uQ;r;” vDk; Gjpa ngaH nfhz;L mioj;jdH.

Aj;jq;fisj; jpl;lkpLtjpy; rj;uQ;r; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. me;jY}rpah vd

miof;fg;gl;l ];ngapid Ml;rp nra;j K];ypk;fs; mjid INuhg;gpaUf;F

mwpKfk; nra;jdH ( 9k; E}w;whz;by;).

rJuq;f tpisahl;by; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gpuNahfq;fs; :

Shah - KingFirzan/ General - QueenFeel / Elephant - BishopFaras - HorseRukh/ Chariot - CantleBaidaq/ Soldier - Pawn“Shah nksj;”= Check mate

]k; ]k;23


Rj;jk; - Some contrast from Al.Jazairi

“Rj;jk; <khdpy; ghjp” - `jP];

Nrhg; fz;L gpbg;G

xypt; vz;nza;iaAk;> my; fhyp vDk; gjhHj;jj;ijAk;> nfhjpf;f itj;J Mw

itj;J> gpd; ciwaitg;gjd; %yk; Nrhg; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. “`k;khk;” vd;W miof;fg;gl;l nghJ Fspayiwfspy; ,it itf;fg;gl;ld.

INuhg;ghtpd; ,Uz;l fhyj;jpd;NghJ rpYit Aj;jfhuHfs; “Nrhg;”fis

INuhg;ggTf;F nfhz;L te;j NghJk; mJ gpugy;ak; milatpy;iy. fhuzk;

Fspg;gjd; %yk; ,iwtdpd; rhgk; Vw;gLk; vd;w mtHfspd; %l ek;gpf;ifahFk;.

18k; E}w;whz;by; kzr; rtHf;fhuKk;> kUj;Jt jd;ik nfhz;l %ypif rtHfhuKk;

cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; njhopw;rhiyfs; rpupahtpy; epuk;gpf; fhzg;gl;ld.

02 The Elephant clock - ahidf; fbfhuk;

my; [i]up vDk; K];ypk; ,ae;jputpayhsupdhy; fp.gp.13k; E}w;whz;by;

cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

03 The camera obscura

nghUl;fspd; tpk;gk; fz;zpy; vt;thW cUthfpwJ vd;gij Kjd; Kjy;gupNrhjid

thapyhf ep&gpj;jy;. ,e;j fkuhNt jw;Nghja etPd fkuhf;fs;> tPbNah

njhopy;El;gk;> rpdpkh vd;gtw;wpf;F mbg;gilahFk;.

xsp / ghHit

fz;zpNy ,Ue;J Gwg;gLk; xU tifahd fjpHfs; ehk; ghHf;fpd;w nghUl;fisj;

njhLfpd;w NghJjhd; vk;khy; ghHf;f Kbfpd;wJ vd ek;gpapUe;jhHfs; fpNuf;fHfs;.

ehk; ve;jg; nghUisg; ghHf;fpd;NwhNkh me;jg; nghUspypUe;J vkJ fz;fis

te;jilAk; xspf;fjpHfNs vkJ ghHitf;F fhuzk; vd;gij gupNrhjid %yk;

epWtpdhH ,g;D my; i`jk;.

xsp NeH Nfhl;by; gazpf;fpd;wJ vd;gijAk;> vdNt tpopj;jpiuapYs;s kpfr; rpwpa

Jthuj;jpD}lhf (tpy;iy) tpopj;jpiuapy; tpOk; nghUl;fspd; tpk;gk; jiy fPohff;

fhzg;gLk; vdTk;> euk;Gfs; %ykhf tpopj;jpiuAld; njhlHGgLk; %isNa ehk;

ghHf;Fk; nghUl;fis Neuhd epiyapy; czHtjw;F cjTfpd;wd vd;w %d;W

cz;ikfisAk; vLj;Jf; $wpatUk; ,g;D my; i`jNk!

,tH vOjpa gpd;dH Book of optics vd Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhop ngaHf;fg;gl;l Gj;jfk;

,d;Wk; kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}upfspy; gad;gLj;jg; gLfpd;wJ.

Three Course Meals

,d;Wk; eilKiwapYs;s Three Course Meal vDk; czTg; gof;fj;ijAk;>

cztUe;Jk; Kiwapy; ehfupfj;ijAk; cyFf;F mwpKfk; nra;jtHfs; muhgpa

K];ypk;fNs!

xU “R+g;” cld; Muk;gpj;J> gpd;dH kPd;> ,iwr;rp> my;yJ gwit khkprj;Jld;

]k; ]k;24


gpujhd czit cz;l gpd; fdptiffisAk;>Nuts fisAk; nfhz;l xU

,dpg;ghd rpwpa czTld; rhg;ghl;il Kbf;Fk; gof;fj;ijAk; ];ngapDf;F 9k;

E}w;whz;by; vLj;Jr; nrd;wtu; ]pu;ahg; vd miof;fg;gLk; mGy; `]d; myp

,g;D ehgp vd;gtuhthu;.

,tH mwpKfg;gLj;jpa gof;f tof;fq;fspy; ,d;Dk; rpy.

01. Rg;uh vd miof;fg;gLk; tpupg;gpy; czTfisg; gupkhwy;.

02. cz;Zk; NghJ Milfs; kPJ mOf;Fg; glhky; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf

“Nru;tpau;l;” vd miof;fg;gLk; ngupa Gilitia kb kPJ tpupj;jy;.

03. czTg; gz;lq;fisg; gupkhWtjw;fhf gspq;Ff; Nfhg;igfisg;

gad;gLj;jTk; ,tNu fw;Wf; nfhLj;jhH.

fk;gsj;jpd; mwpKfk;

Rushes vDk; js tpupg;Gfs;

15k; E}w;whz;bd; vOj;jhsuhd vuh];k]; (Erasmus), Mq;fpNyaupd; tPl;Lj;jiuia

gpd;tUkhW tu;zpf;fpd;whu;;;;;;:

“nghJthf jiufs; ntz; fspapdhy; G+rg;gl;L, rushes ,dhy; (xU tifahd jhtu ,iyfspdhy; gpd;dg;gl;l tiy) %lg;gl;Ls;sd.vg;NghjhtJ xU Kiw -rpy

Ntisfspy; Rkhu; 20 tUlq;fSf;Fg; gpd; - ,it khw;wg;gLfpd;wd.,e;j rushes ,d; mbg;gFjpapy; njhz;ilapy; ,Ue;J ntspahFk; rsp>the;jp>eha;fspdJk;

kdpju;fspdJk; jputf; fopTfs;> rhuhaj;Jspfs;>kPd; Jfs;fs; kw;Wk;

ntspg;gilahf Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;y tpUk;ghj gpw mUtUg;GfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

Nfhil fhyj;jpd;NghJ ,jpypUe;J ntsptUk; MtpahdJ kdpjdpd; Rfhjhuj;jpw;F

mr;RWj;jyhdJ vd ehd; fUJfpd;Nwd;.”

fk;gsk;

ghurPf>mNugpa>JUf;fpa fk;gsq;fs;> rJuk;> el;rj;jpuk;> ePs; rJuk;> tl;lk; Nghd;w

gy;NtW fzpj cUf;fisf; fhl;Lk; gpd;dy; Ntiyg;ghLfisj; jd;dfj;Nj

nfhz;lit.

K`k;kJ egpapd; fhyj;jpypUe;Nj mNugpa K];ypk;fsplk; fk;gsq;fs;

cgNahfj;jpy; ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd.

K];ypk;fs;> Fwpg;ghfg; ngz;fs; jk; xt;nthUf;Fnkdj; jdpahd ‘K]y;yh’ vd miof;fg;gLk; rpwpa fk;gsj;ij jk;kplk; itj;jpUg;ghHfs;.

K];ypk; jpUkz epfo;Tfspd; NghJ khg;gps;iskhUk; fk;gsq;fspNyNa

mkHj;jg;gLfpwhHfs;.

“JUf;fpa fk;gsq;fis ‘fhg;gp’ abj;Jr; nra;ag;gLk; kpfr; rpwe;j ‘Imitation’ fk;gsq;fSf;F £ 150 gzg; gupR Royal Society of Arts UK mwptpg;G. 1757 – 1759"

2.0 Schools & LiterarturejhUy; `pf;kh / mwptpay; ,y;yk;

]k; ]k;25


fp.gp. 9k; E}w;whz;by; gf;jhj;jpy; epWtg;gl;l khngUk; mwptpay; ,y;yk; jhUy;

`pf;khthFk;. K];ypk; cyfpd; gy ghfq;fspYk; gue;J fple;j gy;NtW Jiw

rhu;e;j mwptpay; epGzHfs; kl;Lkd;wp>Gj;jfq;fspd; %yg; gpujpfSk; ,q;F

xd;W NrHf;fg;gl;ld.

jw;Nghija <uhdpYs;s Fuhrhd; gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J khj;jpuk; 100 xl;liffspy;

ifnaOj;J %yg; gpujpfs; tutiof;fg;gl;ld.

,d;iwa ,j;jhypapd; xU gFjpahd> Mdhy; md;W cikahf;fspd; Ml;rpapd;

fPo; ,Ue;j rprpyp gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J jj;Jtk;> kw;Wk; tpQ;Qhdk; njhlHghd

%yg; gpujpfs; mjpfstpy; ,q;F nfhz;L tug;gl;ld.

K];ypk;fshy; vOjg;gl;l kw;Wk; tof;fpy; ,y;yhJ Nghd Latin nkhopapy; ,Ue;J mwGf;F nkhopkhw;wk; nra;ag;gl;l E}y;fs; INuhg;ghit mile;jNghJ

mit nghJthfj; jk; ,Uz;l fhyj;ij tpl;L ntspapy; tu Muk;gpj;jd.

mf; fhyj;jpy; muG nkhopNa> rHtNjr ,izg;G nkhopahfTk; mwptpaypd;

nkhopahfTk; fhzg;gl;lJ.

ghlrhiy

,] ;yhk pa e hf u p fj ; j py ; gs ;s pt hry ; fNs ghlr hiyfshfTk ;

njhopw;gl;ld.,];yhj;jpd; Kjw; ghlrhiy kjPdhg; gs;spthaypy; ,aq;fpaJ.

(fp.gp. 653).,q;F thrpg;igg; Nghjpg;gjpy; K];ypk; my;yhj mNugpaUk;

epakpf;fg;gl;ldu;.fp.gp. 744 y; lk];f]pd; Kjy; ghlrhiy epWtg;gl;lJ.

K];ypk; ];ngapdpy; (me;jY}rpah) 9 k; E}w;whz;by; epWtg;gl;bUe;j midj;Jg;

gs;spthry;fspYk; Muk;gf; fy;tpiag; Nghjpf;Fk; ghlrhiyfs; fhzg;gl;ld.

MrpupaUila tPl;by; khztu;fs; xd;W$bf; fy;tpfw;Fk; Kiw Kjd; Kiwahf

10k; E}w;whz;by;; <uhd; gpuNjrj;jpy; Njhd;wpaJ.,J gs;spthrYf;F mg;ghy;

epWtg;gl;l Kjw; ghlrhiy.

15k; E}w;whz;by;; cJkhdpau;fshy; epWtg;gl;l ‘Fy;ypa;ah’ vd miof;fg;gl;l

ghlrhiyfs; etPd gy;fiyf;fofq;fis xj;jit. xt;nthU Fy;ypa;ahtpYk;

gs;spthry;fSk; kUj;JtkidfSk; rikayiwAk; czT tpLjpAk;

fhzg;gl;ld. khztu;fSf;fhf midj;Jr; nryTfSk; cJkhdpa murpdhy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

gy;fiyf; fofk;

cyfpy; ,d;W ,aq;Ffpd;w gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; kpfTk; gioikahdJ vfpg;jpy;

cs;s my; - m];`H gy;fiyf;fofkhFk;. ,J RkhH 1037 tUlq;fs; gioik

tha;e;jJ. ,g;D my; i`jk; Nghd;w khztHfisAk;> ,g;D fy;J}d; Nghd;w

gy; Jiw mwpQHfis MrpupaHfshfTk; nfhz;l ngUik ,jidr; rhUk;.

cyfpy; KjyhtJ gy;fiyf;fofk;.

ghjpkh my; gp`;up vd;w ngz; xUtuhy; fp.gp841 y; nkhNuhNfhtpy; Fez efupy;

epWtg;gl;l futpa;aPd; gy;fiyf;fofk; MFk;.

]k; ]k;26


,q;F Fu;Md;> ,iwapay;> rl;lk;> tpthjj; jpwd;> ,yf;fpak;> ju;f;fk;> vz; fzpjk;>

Gtpapay;> kUj;Jtk; Nghd;w fw;iffs; ,lk; ngw;wd.

,q;F Nru tpUk;Gk; ru;tNjr khztu;fspd; njhif mjpfupj;jikahy; Nju;Tg;

guPl;ir Kjd; Kiwahf mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.Nju;Tg; guPl;irapy; khztu;fspd;

Fu;Md; gw;wpa mwpTk;,muG nkhopj;jpwDk;> mtu;fSila tpQ;Qhd mwpTk;

gupNrhjpf;fg;gl;ld.fy;tp ,ytrkhf toq;fg;gl;lJ.

fbdkhd ,Wjpg; guPl;irfs; itf;fg;gl;L ‘,[h]h’ vd miof;fg;gl;l “gl;lr; rhd;wpjo;fs;” khztu;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;ld.,e;j ‘,[h]h’f;fisg; ngw;wtu;fs; khj;jpuNk Mrpupau;fshfj; njhopw;glKbAk;.,e;j ‘,[h]hf;fs;’ fw;gpg;gjw;fhd mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; vd;w nghUs;gLk; “gp `f; my; upthah” vDk; muGg; gjk;

nfhz;Lk; miof;fg;gl;ld.,JNt ,d;W ‘Baccalareus’ vd;W Mq;fpyj;jpy;

jpupgile;Js;sJ. Baccalareus vDk; ngau; nfhz;l rhd;wpjo;fs; ,d;Wk; gy;NtW

University fshy; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.

thrpfrhiyfs;

7 k; E}w;whz;by;; KOf; Fu;MDk; vOj;JUtpy; xd;W Nru;f;fg;gl;L,gpd;du; ,e;j

%yg; gpujpapypUe;J gy gpujpfs; vLf;fg;gl;ld.,g;gpujpfs; ,];yhkpa fpyhgj;jpd; gy

ghfq;fSf;Fk; mDg;gpitf;fg;gl;ljhy; muG vOj;Jf;fspd; thrpg;Gk;,vOj;Jf;fSk;

jug;gLj;jg;gl;ld.mg;ghrpa fyPgh jhWy; ̀ pf;khtpy;,fpNuf;f nkhopapypUe;J muG

nkhopf;F Gj;jfq;fis nkhopngau;g;Gr; nra;jhu;.

,tu; nkhopngau;g;ghsu;fSf;F nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;l Gj;jfj;jpd; vilf;Fr; rkkhd

jq;fj;ij Cjpakhf toq;fpdhu;.,jdhy; jhWy; `pf;khtpy; cs;s Gj;jfq;fspd;

vz;zpf;if fzprkhf cau;e;jJ. ,g; Gj;jfq;fs; jhWy; FJg; (Gj;jf ,y;yk;)

vd miof;fg;gl;l thrpfrhiyfSf;F mDg;gpitf;fg;gl;ld.

fp.gp1258 y; nkhq;NfhypaH gf;jhij Mf;fpukpj;jNghJ mq;Fs;s thrpfrhiyfspy;

gy ,yl;rf;fzf;fhd Gj;jfq;fs; fhzg;gl;ld. A+g;ul;B]; ejpapy; ,g; Gj;jfq;fis

epug;gpankhq;Nfhypaumg;Gj;jfq;fs; Nky; ejpiaf; fle;jdu;. Gj;jfq;fspd; ik

fiue;jjdhy; A+g;uB]; ejp fWg;G epwkhf XbaJ.

gf;jhj;jpy; ,Ue;jtw;iwg; Nghy; ghupa thrpfrhiyfs; nfa;Nuh> mnyg;Ngh kw;Wk;

<uhd;,kj;jpa Mrpahtpd; gpujhd efuq;fspYk; fhzg;gl;ld.

thrpfrhiyfspy; Gj;jfq;fis gpujp vLf;Fk; trjpAk; fhzg;gl;lJ.,jidr;

nra;tjw;fhf ‘tu;uhf;’ vDk; gpujp nra;Ak; epGzu;fs; epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhu;fs;.

E}yhrpupau;fSk;> gpw mwpQu;fSk; jhk; vOjpa,thrpj;j Gj;jfq;fis gpwUld;

fye;J Ma;T nra;Ak;(tpku;rdk; nra;Ak;) trjpAk; ,q;F fhzg;gl;ld.

Gj;jfq;fs; tifg;gLj;jg;gl;L jdpj;jdpahd ‘uhf;if’fspy; itf;fg;gl;lJld;

thrfHfSf;F ,utyhfTk; toq;fg;gl;ld.

fijfSk; ehty;fSk;

xU jPtpNy jdpj;Jtplg;gl;l xU kdpjd; vt;thW jd; tho;ifg; Nghuhl;lj;ij

vjpu; nfhs;fpwhd; vd;gijr; rpj;jupf;Fk; ehty; ‘nuhgpd;rd;FUNrh’ MFk;. ,J

]k; ]k;27


3.0 vOj;jzpf; fiy kw;Wk; tptrhag; Gul;rp

Vitruvian man vdmiof;fg;gLk; 1490y; ypadhu;Nlhlhtpd;rp vd;gtuhy;

tiuag;gl;l glk;

gilg;Gfspy; kpfr; rpwe;jJ kdpjg; gilg;G. ,t;tifapy; Neu;j;jpahd KOikahd

xU kdpjdpd; mtatq;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; jkf;fpilapy; EZf;fkhd tpfpjhu

xOq;F Ngzg;gl;l epiyapy; kdpjd; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;shd;.

vdNt lhtpd;rp tiue;j Vitruvian man vDk; tiuglk; kdpjdpd; xt;nthU

mq;fKk; ve;j tpfpjhrhuj;jpy; fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij tpsf;Ftjid

mtjhdpf;fyhk;.

,e;j tpfpjhrhuk; gw;wpa mwpT Xtpau;fs;> rpw;gpfSf;F khj;jpukd;wp

fl;blf;fiyQu;fs;> (Geometry) tbttpay; NkijfSf;Fk; mj;jpahtrpkhdJ.

lhtpd;rpapd; Vitruvian man fp.gp 10k;Ehw;whd;by; trpj;j‘,`;thd; rgh’ rNfhjuu;fs; rpyuhy; vOjg;gl;l Rassa’il vd;w E}ypypUe;J ngwg;gl;l Ma;Tfspd; tpisT

vk;kpy; mNefu; mwpahj tplak;.

,Uz;l fhyj;jpYUe;J INuhg;gh tpLgl;likf;fhd fhuzk; mtu;fs; midj;J

mwptpay; JiwfspYk; K];ypk;fis Kd;khjpupahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;likNa ,jw;F

,J Xu; cjhuzk;.

vOj;jzpf; fiyAk; muG vOj;jyq;fhuKk;

cUtq;fs; tiutij ,];yhk; jilnra;j fhuzj;jpdhy; K];ypk;fs; mw;Gjkhd

vOj;jzpf; fiyia cUthf;fp tsu;g;gjpy; ftdk; nrYj;jpdu;.

muG vOj;jhsu;fshy; ftug;gl;l INuhg;gpa fpwp];jtu; vOj;jzpfspy; fhzg;gl;l

mu;j;jq;fisg; GupahkNyNa mtw;iwg; gpujp nra;a Muk;gpj;jdu;.

Prof. ThomasArnold, Legacy of Islam vd;w jdJ E}ypy; gp];kpy;yh`; vd;w

1720k; Mz;L vOjg;gl;lJ.

,Nj fijNahl;lj;ij ikakhff; nfhz;l ‘Cast Away’ vDk; rpdpkhg; glk;

n`hypT+l;by; jahupf;fg;gl;lJ.

Mdhy; ,it ,uz;LNk myp ,g;D rPdh vd;w ,];yhkpa mwpQupdhy; 11k; E}

w;whz;by; vOjg;gl;l ‘i` ,g;D af;ohd;’ vd;w muGf; fijapd; fhg;gpfNs.

,e;jf; fij 1709 k; Mz;L Mq;fpyj;jpw;F nkhop ngau;f;fg;gl;lJ.

]k; ]k;28


muG vOj;ij nfhz;l xU rpYit mau;yhe;jpy; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;lJ gw;wpf;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.

tptrhag; Gul;rp

K];ypk;fspd; tUiff;F Kd; kj;jpajiuf; fly; rhu;e;j INuhg;ghtpy; Fspu;fhyg;

gapu;fs; khj;jpuNk tptrhak; nra;ag;gg;gl;ld.

];ngapid ntw;wp nfhz;l K];ypk;fs; mNugpahtpypUe;Jk;> ,e;jpahtpd;

c\;ztya gpuNjrq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk gy; NtWgl;l gapupdq;fis mq;F vLj;Jr;

nrd;wdu;.Kjd; Kiwahf Nfhilfhyg; gapu;fs; mq;F gapuplg;gl;ld.

K];ypk;fshy; INuhg;ghTf;F vLj;J tug;gl;l rpy fdptu;f;fq;fSk;>jhtu

,dq;fSk; fPo;tUkhW :

MuQ;R>vYkpr;ir><r;ir>mj;jp>muprp>gPr;>prunes>mg;upNfhl;>gUj;jp>kQ;rs;>fUk;G>gl

;L>…..

tptrhak; njhlu;ghff; fhzg;gl;l xU rl;lk; :

xUepyr; nrhe;jf;fhuu; njhlu;e;J 3 tUlq;fs; jdJ epyj;ijg; gapuplhJ

juprhf itj;jpUe;jhy; me;epyk; murpdhy; gwpKjy; nra;ag;gl;L tptrhapfSf;F

toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; tptrhak; tpUj;jp fz;lJ.

tptrhar; nra;if gw;wpa Gj;jfk; :

g];]hy; vdg;gLk;>nlhyNlh efumkPupd; Njhl;lg; nghWg;gjpfhup>tptrhak;

gw;wp xU Gj;jfj;ij 1085 CE y; vOjpdhu;. ,tu; jz;zPiuAk; kz;izAk;

gy;NtW tiffshf tifg;gLj;jp ve;j jz;zPu; my;yJ kz; tif vg;gapUf;Fg;

nghUj;jk; vd;gijf; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;.

,t;thwhd xU Gj;jfk; ,g;D my; mt;thk; vd;gtuhy; 12k; E}w;whz;bYk;

vOjg;gl;lJ.xUepyj;jpy; vt;thW tpyq;F Ntshz;ikiaAk; tptrhaj;ijAk;

nra;ayhk; vd;gJ gw;wp ,tu; tptupj;jhu;.

,e;Ehypy; ,tu; 585 tifj; jhtuq;fisAk; mitfis vt;thW xl;L Kiwapy;

tsg;gLj;jyhk;;? mtw;Wf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd kz; tiffs; vit? kz;iz

vt;thW tsg;gLj;jyhk?;; mj;jhtuq;fl;L Vw;gLk; Nea;fs; vit? mtw;iw

vt;thW fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;? vd;w tplaq;fs; gw;wpAk;>ePu;g;gha;r;ry;>NjdP tsu;g;Gf;Fj;

Njitahd kutiffs; gw;wpAk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.

xU ghj;jpuj;ij kuj;jpdbapy; Gijj;J mk;kuj;jpd; ePu;j;Njitf;Fk;>kz;zpd;

jd;ikf;Fk; fhy epiyf;Fk; Vw;whw; Nghy; msthd Jthuj;ij mikj;J

fr;rpjkhf ePu;g;gha;r;ry; nra;Ak; Kiwia ,tNu cyFf;F mwpKfk; nra;jhu;.

]k; ]k;29


Cordovacalendar 961 CE xt;nthU khjj;jpYk; gpujhd tptrha

nraw;ghLfis ,f;fyz;lu; fhl;baJ.

(c+k;) March khjk;

1. mj;jpkuk; Graftins.2. Cereal tiffspy; Njhw;wk;.3. fUk;G ely; .

4. Nwh]; >Lilac kyu;fs; kyUk;. 5. Quails fspd; tUif.

6. gl;Lg;g+r;rpfspd; re;jjpg; ngUf;fk;.

7. Mullets up river.8. ff;fupf;fha; ely;.

9. gUj;jp kQ;ry;> fj;jup tpijj;jy;.

10. Fjpiufspd; nfhs;tdTf;fhd Xlu;fis mDg;Gjy;.

11. ntl;Lf;fpspfs; (locusts) tUif mtw;iw mopg;gjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs;

Muk;gk;.

12. gytifg; gwitfspd; (mating season) ,dtpUj;jpf; fhyk;.glk; :

K];ypk;fs; jk; Njhl;lq;fspNyNa ghupa> 60 mbtiu cauk; nfhz;l

Gwh tPLfis mikj;jdu; . mtw;wpd; ngUf;fj;ij mjpfg;gLj;jpdu;. Gwhf;

fopTfs; Nrfupf;fg;gl;L tptrha epyq;fis tsg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd cukhfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

fdhj;Jf;fs; :

tptrha NtiyfSf;fhf rpy Ntisfspy; J}u ,lq;fspUe;J jz;zPiug;

ngw Ntz;ba Njit ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j jz;zPu; xU tiff; fhd;fspDhlhff;

nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ . ghiy tdq;fspy; vw;gLk; MtpAapu;g;;igj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhf

,e;jf; fhd;fs; epyj;jpd; mbapy; mikf;fg;gl;ld. ,it fdhj;Jf;fs;

(Ruq;ff; fhd;fs;)vdmiof;fg;gl;ld. ,e;j fhd;fis epykl;lj;Jld; njhlu;G

gLj;Jtjw;fhf ghupa fpzWfs; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; mikf;fg;gl;ld.

,tw;iw ,d;Wk; <uhdpd; gy gFjpfspy; fhzyhk;.

rptpy; nghwpaw;Jiw tuyhw;whrpupau;fs;> Fwpg;ghf mizf;fl;Lfisg;

gw;wpg; NgRk; tuyhw;whrpupau;fs; K];ypk;fspd; gq;fspg;Gf;fis

,Ul;lbg;Gr; nra;fpd;wdu;.cikahf;fs;> mg;ghrpaupd; fhyq;fspd; NghJ

mizf;fl;Lfs;>ePu;g;ghrdk; Nghd;w Jiwfs; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;L>mit mwNt

,y;yhJ Nghapd vd;w $w;W ngha;ahdJk; mePjpahdJk; MFk;.

Worman Smith‘mizf;fl;Lfspd; tuyhW’vDk; E}ypy; (1971)

fhw;Wiy

]k; ]k;30


fhw;Wiyiag; gad;gLj;jp jhdpak; miuf;Fk; Kiw Kjd; ghurPfj;jpd;

rp];jhu; efupy; Kjyhffp.gp. 634 y; fyPghcku; (uop) mtu;fshy;

epWtg;gl;lJ.

ngUk;ghyhd INuhg;gpa ehLfspy; cs;s mjp NtfNkhl;lhu; ghijfshy;

,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,g;ghijfspy; gpuahzpfs; Xa;ntLj;Jr; nry;tjw;Fk;

Njitahdtrjpfs; fhzg;gLk;.,e;j ,lq;fspy; nghJthfngw;Nwhy;

epiyaq;fs;>NjePu; rhiyfs;>czTtpLjpfs; vd;gd fhzg;gLk; .

,];yhkpaNjrq;fspy; fhzg;gl;Lgpujhdefu;fs; ahTk; jkf;fpilapYk; >

`[;[{f;Fupa ,lq;fshdkf;fhTlDk; ghijfshy; ,izf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

trjpf;fhf Rkhu; 30 iky;fs; ,ilntspapy; jq;Fkpltrjpfs; nra;ag;gl;Ue;jd

.

,q;Fjupf;Fk; gpuahdpfSf;F 3 ehl;fs;tiu ,ytrkhfjq;Fkplk; czTk;

>kUj;JttrjpfSk; rpy ,lq;fspy; nghOJNghf;FtrjpfSk; toq;fg;gl;ld

,jw;fhdnryTfs; fpyhgj;jpd; igj;Jy; khy; (jpiwNrup) ,y; ,Ue;Jk; kf;fs;

toq;Fk; jhd ju;kq;fspypUe;Jk; Nkw; nfhs;sg;gl;ld .

jLg;g+rp (vaccination)

gytPdkhd my;yJ ,we;j Neha; fpUkpfis xU kdpj clypy; nrYj;Jk;

NghJ me; Neha;f;F vjpuhd Neha; vjpu;g;G rf;jpia me;j cly; ngWfpd;wJ.

,jid Kjd; Kjypy; fz;L gpbj;jtu;fs; JUf;fpa K];ypk;fs; MFk; .

fp.gp. 1717

,jid INuhg;ghTf;F mwpKfk; nra;jtu; nybNkhd;L vd miof;fg;gLk; ,tu;

1761-1717 fhyg;gFjpay; JUf;fpapy; flik Gupe;jhu;. ,q;fpyhe;jpd; JhJtupd;

kidtp.

vl;thu; n[d;du; vd;w INuhg;gpa ngz;Nz 1769 y; jLg;g+rp Kiwiaf;; fz;L

gpbj;jtu; vd;w jfty; nga;ahdJ.

fhNrhiy–”nrf;”

];ngapd; Kjy; gue;jpue;j ,];yhkpa Njrj;jf;Fs; xU vy;iiyapypUe;J

kw;nwhU vy;iyf;F tpahghuj;jpw; Nfw;g gazpf;Fk; NghJ jPdhu;fisAk;

jpu;`k;fisAk; Rke;Jnry;tJ ,yFthdjy;y.

vdNt> “rf”; vd mugpapy; miof;fg;gLk; nrf;if fyPgh `hWhd; my; wrPj;

]k; ]k;31


763 – 766 tiuahd jdJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhu;.

gpupl;ldpy; E}jdrhiyapy; cs;s jq;fehzak;

Offer Rex vd;w kj;jpafhyj;J ,q;fpyhe;J kd;dd; K];ypk;fspd;

jq;fehzakhd jPdiuAk; mg;gbNa‘fhg;gpabj;J’jdJ ehl;bd; ehzakhf

ntspapl;lhd;.

,e;ehzaj;jpy; yhapyh` ,y;yy;yh`; K`k;kJu; u]_yy;yh`; vd;w

ngwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

fljhrp

,];yhkpa cyfpd; KjyhtJ fljhrp Miy 751 CE y; gf;jhjpy; epWtg;gl;lJ

751 CE y; ,lk; ngw;w ly;yh[; Aj;jj;jpy; rpiwg; gpbf;fg;gl;l ifjpfsplkpUe;J fljhrp jahupf;Fk; Kiwia K];ypk;fs; fw;Wf; nfhz;ldu;.

Hemp vDk; jhtuj;ij gad;gLj;jp fljhrp cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; Kiwiaf;

fz;Lgpbj;jtu;fs; rpupa K];ypk;fs; . kPsg; gad;gLj;jf; $baJk; >R+oYf;Fk;

ghjpg;gpy;yhjJk; tpiy Fiwe;jJkhd ,f; fljhrp ,dk; cyfpy; gpugykhf

cs;sJ.

950 CE y; trpj;j K];ypk; fbdkhdJk; tOtOg;ghdJkhd‘rhj;jpgp’vdg;gLk; (glossy) fljhrpia fz;Lgpbj;jdu;

fpwp];jt INuhg;ghtpd; KjyhtJ fljhrp Miy nghyf;du; (Bologana) efupy; 1293 ce epWtg;gl;lJ .

,q;fpyhe;jpy; Kjd; Kiwahf 1329 y; jhd; fljhrp gad;gLj;g;gl;lJ.

4.0 kUj;Jtj; Jiwf;fhd cyf K];ypk;fspd; gq;fspg;G

“Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du; kUj;Jt guhkupg;G (Medical care) midtUf;Fk;

,ytrkhf toq;fg;gl;lJld; rpfpr;irfs; kpfTk; El;gk; tha;e;jjhfTk;

fhzg;gl;ld.

kj;jpafhy ,];yhkpa kUj;Jtkidfs; cyfpd; etPd kUj;Jtkidfshf

fhzg;gl;ld. mtu;fsplk; rpwe;j kUj;Jt mwpT fhzg;gl;lJ. tUfpd;w

midtUf;Fk; ,ytrkhf kUj;JtKk; kUe;JfSk; toq;fg;gl;ld. mtu;fs;

]k; ]k;32


Njrpa Rfhjhu Nritfs; (National Health Services) Kiwikapd; Kd;Ndhbfshf

,Ue;jdu;.

,];yhkpa Ml;rpahsu;fs; vd;w tifapy; kpfTk; rpwg;ghd fl;Lkhdq;fis

mikj;jjhYk; ,j;Jiw NkYk; tsu;r;rpaile;jJ. rpy kUj;Jtkidfs; kpfTk;

ghupajhfTk;> ,d;Dk; gy #oTk; G+e;Njhl;lq;fisAk;> goj; Njhl;lq;fisAk;

nfhz;bUe;jd. NkYk; NehahspfSf;F ,ir %ykhd rpfpr;irfs; cl;gl

cau;e;j r%f eyr; NritfSk; toq;fg;gl;ld.

mtu;fs; gad;gLj;jpa trjptha;g;Gf;fs; ,d;W Njitf;F Vw;g tbtikf;fg;

gl;Ls;sJld; mWitr; rpfpr;ir cgfuzq;fs; (Surgical Instruments) ,d;Dk;

ghtidapy; cs;sd. K];ypk; rj;jpu rpfpr;ir epGzu;fshy; Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;F

Kd;du; tbtikf;fg;gl;l “,Lf;fp” (Forceps) vDk; fUtp ,d;W tiuAk;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

fz; tpy;iy khw;Wr; rpfpr;irfs;(Cataract Operations) Nghd;w ntl;br; nra;Ak; (Cutting edge) rpfpr;ir Kiwfs;> xOq;F Kiwahd jLg;G Crp Vw;wy; (Regular vaccination), cl;ijay;> vYk;G rPuikg;G Nghd;wd juk; tha;e;j eilKiwfshf

,d;Wk; cs;sd. mt;thNw newpKiwNahL $ba kUj;Jt fy;tpia toq;ff;

$ba Nghjdh itj;jparhiyAk; (Teaching Hospital) fhzg;gl;lJ.”

itj;jparhiy mgptpUj;jp (Hospital Development)

“fpNuf;fu;fs; Neha;fis Fzg;gLj;Jtjw;F tpQ;Qhd Ma;T eilKiwfSf;Fg;

khwhf Njthyaq;fspd; mjprakhf (Miraculous) fUjp te;jdu;. ,jd; NghJ 8 Mk; E}w;whz;by; gf;jhjpy; ,];yhkpau;fs; kUj;Jtkidfis epWtj;

njhlq;fpdu;.

,Ug;gpDk; fp.gp. 872 – 874k; Mz;L KjyhtJ xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l Kiwahd

kUj;Jtkidahd (Organized Proper Hospital) “mfkj; ,g;D JY}d;

kUj;Jtkid” vfpg;jpd; nfa;Nuhtpy; epHkhzpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,q;F midj;J

NehahspfSf;Fk; ,ytrkhf rpfpr;ir toq;fg;gl;lJld; ,ytr kUe;JfSk;

toq;fg;gl;ld.

,q;F Mz;> ngz;fSf;nfd;W jdpahd Fspayiwfs;> midj;J trjpAldhd

E}yfk;> kd NehahspfSf;nfd jdpahd xU gFjpAk; (a section for the insane) mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,J ek;g Kbahj msTf;F xU rpwe;j epWtdkhf

fhzg;gl;lJ. tUfpd;w Nehahsu;fs; jq;fs; MilfisAk; ngWkjpahd

nghUl;fisAk; ghJfhg;ghf itg;gjw;fhd ghJfhg;G miwfs; fhzg;gl;lJld;

itj;jparhiyahy; toq;fg;gLk; tpN\l Milfis NehahspfSf;F mzptpj;;J

mtu;fSf;nfd xJf;fg;gl;l fl;by;fspy; itf;fg;gl;ldu;.”

“fp.gp. 982 Mk; Mz;L gf;jhjpy; kw;WnkhU ghupa “gf;jhj; kUj;Jtkid” epHkhzpf;fg;gl;lJ. 24 kUj;Jtu;fis nfhz;L ,q;F kUj;Jt Nritfs;

toq;fg;gl;ld.”

“12 Mk; E}w;whz;by; lk];f]py; “me;E}up kUj;Jtkid”

]k; ]k;33


gpukhz;lkhd itj;jparhiyahf epWtg;gl;lJ. ,q;F kUj;Jt MNyhridfs;>

mwpTiufs; toq;fg;gl;ld. NkYk; kUe;jhsu;fs;(Druggists), ehtpju;fs; (Barbers)> vYk;G KwpT mWitr; rpfpr;ir epGzu; (Orthopedists)> fz; kUj;Jt epGzu;

(Oculist) kw;Wk; kUj;Jtu;fs; (Physicians)

Nghd;NwhUk; gupNrhjfu;fSk; fhzg;gl;ldu;.

1284 Mk; Mz;by; my; kd;#up kUj;Jtkid epHkhzpf;fg;gl;lJld; tpN\l

kUj;Jtu;fs; gzpf;fku;j;jg;;gl;ldu;. Mz;> ngz; jdpahd thl;Lfs; mikf;fg;gl;ld.

Mz;> ngz; cjtpahsu;fs;(Attendants) epakpf;fg;g;l;ldu;. fl;by;fs;>

nkj;ijfs;> FbePu; trjpfs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ld. rpNu\;l kUj;Jtu;fSf;fhd

jdpahd miwfSk;> fw;gpj;jy; gpupTfSk; (Room for Teaching & Lecturing) cUthf;fg;gl;lJld;> Nehahsu;fs; tPLfSf;F nfhz;L nrd;W ghtpg;gjw;fhd

kUe;JfSk; toq;fg;gl;ld.

];ngapd; md;jY}]pah> rprpyp> tl Mgpupf;fh cl;gl K];ypk; cyfk;

vq;Fk; ,e;j kUj;Jtkidfs; tp];jupf;fg;gl;ld. ,jd; %yk; INuhg;ghtpy;

kUj;Jtkidfs; mjpfupg;gjw;F K];ypk; kUj;Jtu;fs; ngUk; gq;fhw;wpAs;sdu;.

njd; ,j;jhypapy; cs;s gpugy ryu;Ndh itj;jparhiy (Salerno Hospital) K];ypk;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;ljhFk;.”

Nghjdh itj;jparhiyfs;

(Teaching Hospitals)

“ahu; kUj;Jt mwptpd;wp kf;fSf;F rpfpr;iraspf;fpd;whNuh mjw;F mtNu

nghWg;ghspahfpd;whu;.”

-egp (]y;) mtu;fs;. Mjhuk; G`hup> K];ypk;

“mjprpwe;j rj;jpu rpfpr;ir epGzupd; gpd;dhy; cs;s xU ,sk; Mu;tKs;s

jpwikahd kUj;JtuJ fdT Gjpa 21 Mk; E}w;whz;by; vt;thW fw;gid

ay;yhky; ,Uf;fpd;wNjh mt;thNw 800 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du; gy;fiyf;fof

kUj;Jtkidfis(University Hospitals) K];ypk;fs; nfhz;bUe;jdu;. ,e;j

kUj;Jtkidfs; khztu;fSf;F Kjw;ju fw;gpj;jy;fis nfhs;if mbg;gilapYk;

(Theoretical Lessons) eilKiwg; gapw;rpfs; (Practical) %ykhfTk; toq;fpd.”

rj;jpu rpfpr;ir (Surgery)

“etPd rj;jpu rpfpr;irfs; kdpj capu;fis fhg;ghw;Wtjpy; mjprpwe;j cr;r

epiyapy; cs;sd. ,e;j capu; fhf;Fk; mwnewpahdJ Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;F

Kd;du; njd; ];ngapdpy; ,Ue;j K];ypk;fspd; capu; %r;rhf ,Ue;jJ. mq;fpUe;j

K];ypk;fs; %d;Wtif rj;jpu rpfpr;ir Kiwfis Nkw;nfhz;ldu;.

1. FUjpf; Foha; rj;jpurpfpr;ir (Vascular)2. nghJthd mWitr; rj;jpu rpfpr;ir (General Surgery)3. vYk;G KwpT (Orthopedic)”

]k; ]k;34


efuk; 9k; 10k; ehw;whz;Lfspy;

9k; 10k; ehw;whd;Lfspy; ];nga;dpd; “Fu;Jgh” (CORDOBA) <uhfpd; “gf;jhj;”; (BAGHDAD) vd;gtw;wpd; tho;tJ xU jdp ,d;gk;. ehfuPfj;jpd; cr;rj;jpy; ,Ue;j ,it gpd;tUkhW fhl;lg;gl;ld.

1. ,ytr fy;tp trjpfs.;

2. ,ytr nrsf;fpa eyd;Gup Nritfs;.

3. ,utpy; xspa+l;lg;gl;l nrt;tNd mikf;fg;gl;l ghijfs;

4. nghJtrjpfs; vd ,d;W mwpag;gLk; Ehyfq;fs>;Gjj;jf epiyaq;fs;

kw;Wk; Fspay; jlhfq;fs;

5. fOij tz;b %yk; xOq;F gLj;jg;gl;l mll;tizg;gb Fg;ig

$oq;fs; Nrfupg;G

6. epyf;fPo; mikf;fg;gl;l fopT ePu; fhz;fs;fis foptfw;Wk;

fl;likg;G

7. k];[pij ikakhff; nfhz;l efu mikg;G. Neu;j;jpahf

tbtikf;fg;gl;l ,y;yq;fSk; re;ij nfhFjpfSk; mtw;iw

,izf;Fk; ,UkUq;Fk; kuq;fshy; #og;gl;l “[py;”; vdf; fhw;W tPRk; xLf;fkhd tPjpfs;

8. tpahghu eltbf;iffs; KOf;fTk; gpujhd njUf;fs>; nghJ ,lq;fs

kw;Wk;; g+q;fhf;fSk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;L ,Ue;jd.

9. gpughz;lkhd ePu; ,iwf;Fk; ,ae;jpuq;fs; Mw;Wg; gLf;fifspypUe;J

fsdp epyq;fSf;Fk; ePu; gha;r;Rk; uk;kpakhd fhl;rpfs;

,d;Wk;; 650 tUlq;fSf;F Kd; K];ypk; nghwpapyhyu;fspd;

iftz;zj;jpy; cUthd FOUNTAIN ePu; Cw;W jlhfk; ];ngapdpd;

fpuhdlh efupYs;s “my;`k;wh khspif”apy; ghtidapy; 10. fl;blfiyapd; cr;rfl;l njhopy; El;gk; ifahsg;gl;L ARCH

kw;Wk; VAULT ck; nfhz;l fl;blq;fSk; “Fg;gh”f;fSk; DOME kdhwhf;fSk; tshtp epd;W vopYhl;bd

11. “m`;ah” vd tyaq;fs; gpupf;fg;gl;L rf tho;Tf;fhd trjpfs ey;fg;gl;ld.

12. “#f”; vd re;ij njFjpfspy; jw;Nghija “Rg;gu; khu;fl;”;fs; gpujp gypj;jd. r%f xd;W $lYf;fhd jsq;fSk; fhzg;gl;ld

fz;Neha; rpfpr;ir (Ophthalmology)

“kj;jpafhy INuhg;ghtpd; ,Uz;l Afj;jpy; K];ypk;fs;jhd; fz;Neha; rpfpr;ir

Kiw Ma;TfSf;F xsp Vw;wpdu;.

,J ];nga;dpy; ,Uf;Fk; Fmnly;Faptpu; gs;sj;jhfpypUe;J vfpg;jpd; iey; ejp

tiuf;Fk;> u\;ahtpd; xf;]]; ejp tiuf;Fk; gutpaJ.

kj;jpafhy INuhg;ghtpy; K];ypk;fs; khj;jpuk;jhd; fz;Neha; rpfpr;ir

(Ophthalmology) Kiwapy; KJepiyaile;jth;fshf (Masters) fhzg;gl;ldu;.”

(Mjhuk;: mnkupf;f kUj;Jt Nguit> [{iy 1905)

]k; ]k;35


efuj;jpl;lkplypd; Fzhjpraq;fs;

kuGuPjpahd INuhg;gpa efuq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; re;ij njhFjpfs>;

Njthyaq;fs;> jupg;gplq;fs; Nghd;W mt;tg;gFjp kf;fspd;

Njitfis ikag;gLj;jp gpd;tUk; 4 gpujhd $Wfspy; mbg;gilapy;

K];ypk; efu;fSk; tbtikf;fg;gl;ld

1. fhyepiyAk; epytikg;Gk;

2. kjuPjpahdJk; fyhrhu uPjpahdJkhd ek;gpf;iffs;

3. ,];yhkpa \uPMr; rl;lk;

4. r%f kw;Wk; ,df;$Wtiffs;

9k; Mz;L Ehw;whz;by; ];ngapdpd; “Fu;j;Jgh” efuk; nfhz;bUe;j

fl;likg;G trjpfis 700 tUlq;fshf yz;ld; > gup]; $l

nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy BBC Rageh umar “An Islamic History of Europe” vDk; epfo;r;rpapy; $Wfpwhu;.

INuhg;ghtpy; moF Nru;f;Fk; fl;blfis mk;rq;fspy; m];jpthuk;

K];ypk; cyNf

1. jpl;lkplg;gl;l efu tbtikg;G;G Town Planning2. Arabitectave3. vopy; nfhspf;Fk; ‘Mrp’ tbtq;fs; ;4. vaults5. Fk;kl;lq;fs; Dome6. kdhwhf;fs;

7. Gj;jf rhiyfs; Book shops8. nghJ Fspay; jlhfq;fs; Puplic Baths9. $lhuq;fs; Tent10. g+q;fhf;fs; Gardens11. nraw;if cw;Wf;fs; Fountation

gpugQ;rk; - UNIVERSE

ASTRONOMY - thdpay;

“mtd; my;yh ;̀jhd; ,uT-gfy;> R+hpad;-re;jpud; ahtw;iwAk; gilj;jhd;> mit

(R+hpad;-re;jpud; thd;-el;rj;jpuq;fs;> thd;nghUl;fs;) mtw;;wpd; xOq;fpd; topNa

ePe;jpr; nry;fpd;wd”. my;Fh;Md; (21:33)-

K];ypk;fs; thdpaypYk; $l tuyhW fhzhj fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sdh;.

cjhuzkhf ghy;tPjp kz;lyj;jpw;F mg;ghw;gl;l el;rj;jpuf; $l;lk;> re;jpudpd;

Row;rp mirT> etPd thdpaypd; mbj;jsj;jpw;F toptFj;j thdpay;

cgfuzq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwf; $wyhk;.(thdpay; cgfuzq;fs; (c k;) Celestial Globes - thd; kz;lyk;> Armillary Spheres, Universal Astrolabes & SEXTANTS - rh;tNjr Nfhzj;ij msf;Fk; fUtp ,J vy;yhk;> 8k; E}w;whd;by; KjyhtJ

]k; ]k;36


thdpiy Muha;r;rp epiyaj;jpd; fz;Lgpbg;NghLk;> Jy;ypakhd thdpiy

ml;ltizapd; fz;Lgpbg;NghLk; Muk;gkhdJ.

K];ypk;fspd; 2k; flikahd ehshe;j njhOifapd; Neuq;fs; R+hpadpd; epiyapy;

jq;fp ,Ug;gjhy; (mjhtJ itfiw> ez;gfy;> gpd;Nduk; R+hpadpd; kiwT)>

thdpay; mwpe;jpUg;gJ Kf;fpakhfpd;wJ.

Al Battani- my;gj;jhdp- (thdpay; rh];jphp fzpj Nkij)

,th; Nkw;fj;Nja ehLfspy; my;ngj;Nj[pdpay; vd;W miof;fg;gLgth;. 929

CF ,y; kuzpj;jhh;.

Nrgpad; thdpiy ml;ltizia (Sabian Table) vOjpath;.

,J gpw;fhy thdpaypd; vOr;rpf;F khngUk; nry;thf;F nrYj;jpaJ.

Gjpa re;jpud;fid / Nfhs;fspid fhzf; $ba Neuj;jpid fzpj;jhh;.

G+kp R+hpaid xU KOr;Rw;W (Sidereal year) Rw;wp tUk; fhyk;> R+Hpa fjpia(Solar year) itj;J msf;Fk; Mz;lsT vd;gtw;iwAk; fz;L

gpbj;jhh;.

fpufzq;fisAk; Parallax Phenomenon IAk; fz;Lgpbj;jhh;.

,d;iwa fhy jpupNfhz fzpjtpaYf;Fk; mth; ngUk; gq;fhw;wpAs;shh;.

njhykpapd; tpjpfspy; khw;wq;fis fz;Lgpbj;jth;. ,J jw;Nghija

thdpaypy; ngUk; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jfpd;wJ.

fpNuf;f thdpay; rh];jphp R+hpaid 65o nel;lhq;fpy; cs;snjd

fz;Lgpbj;jij ngha;g;gpj;J 82o nel;lhq;fpy; ,Ug;gij fzpj;J ,jid R+hpa

FLk;gk; mirtpy; cs;sJ vd;gij ep&gpj;jhh;.

my; gp&dp (Al Biruni)

973-1048 fhyg;gFjpapy; tho;e;jth;.

,th; Gtp jd;idj;jhNd xU mr;rpy; Rw;WfpwJ vd;gij fz;Lgpbj;jth;.

Gtpapd; Rw;W tl;lj;ij fzpj;jth;.

cyfpd; ve;jg; Gs;spapypUe;Jk; kf;fhtpd; jpiria tpQ;Qhd uPjpahf

fz;lwpe;jth;.

150 Gj;jfq;fis vOjpapUe;jhYk; mjpy; 35 fpue;jq;fs; J}a thdpay;

Gj;jfq;fshFk;.

mjpy; 6 kl;LNk vQ;rpAs;sijf; jw;NghJk; fhzyhk;.

]k; ]k;37


,g;D A+D]; ibn yoonus

1.4 kPl;lh; tpl;lKila Astrolabe (njhiy Nehf;fpapd; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;F Ke;ijajhd

kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd thdpay; fzpg;gPl;L cgfuzk;)

,th; gj;jhapuj;jpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l R+hpadpd; epiyfis gjpT nra;Js;shh;.

Al Fargani- my; gh;fhdp

fyPgh my; k/Kdpd; thdpay; rh];jpupfspy; xUth;

Astrolabe cgfuzj;ij mjd; fzpjj; jj;Jtj;jpw;fika tiue;jth;. mjdhy;

kj;jpa Jz;bd; gpioahd G+Nfhs mikg;gpid khw;wpaikj;jth;.

,thpd; kpfTk; gpurpj;jp ngw;w Gj;jfkhd “Sun movement & Encyclopedia of star science on cosmography” 30 mj;jpahaq;fis nfhz;lJ.

,g;Gj;jfk;> Gtpapd; trpf;fj;jf;f ,lj;jpdsT> Gtpapd; fdghpkhdk;> thd;

nghUl;fSf;Fk; Gtpf;Fk; ,ilapyhd J}uk; mtw;wpd; fdgupkhdk; vd;gtw;iw

tpyhthupahf tpsf;FfpwJ.

Al Zarqali-my; ]h;f;fhyp

m]hh;FNay; vd INuhg;ghtpy; miof;fg;gl;lth;.

1087 ,y; kuzpj;jth;.

Toleclan- thdpay; ml;ltizia jahhpj;jth;.

Gtpapd; ve;j xU Gs;spapYk; gad;gLj;jf; $ba> “SAFIHA” vd;wiof;fg;gLk; juKah;e;j Astrolabe If; fz;Lgpbj;jth;.

mjNdhL vz;zpylq;fh thdpay; tpsf;fTiufisAk; ekf;F toq;fpath;.

Jabir Ibn Aflah - [hgph; ,g;D mg;yh`;

1145,y; kuzpj;jhh;.

thd; nghUl;fSf;F ,ilapyhd tpirapid msf;fpd;w vq;Fk; nfhz;L nry;yf;

$ba (thd; Nfhsj;jpid) (Celestial Sphere) ,id Kjd; Kjyhf cUthf;fpath;

Nfhs Kf;Nfhztpaypy; gpurpj;jp ngw;wth;=

,g;D W];j; - Ibn Rushd

,th; gpurpj;jp ngw;w “nfhNlhgh” efu itj;jpaUk;> thdpay; rh];jphpAk; Mthh;.

R+hpadpy; cs;s RtLfis(sunspots) fz;Lgpbj;jth;.

(Big heaving) observatories -thdpay; Muha;r;rp epiyaq;fs;

]k; ]k;38


fyPgh k/Kd; (813-833 CE-gf;jhj;) fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j xU K];ypk; thdpay;

rh];jpupjhd; Kjd; Kjyhf> epiyahfg; nghUj;jg;gl;l ghupa cgfuzq;fisAk;>

Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisAk;> mjw;Nfw;w tpQ;Qhd Ma;thsh;fisAk; nfhz;l

thdpiyMuha;r;rp epiyankhd;iw epWtpdhh;.

fyPgh k/Kd; fhyj;jpy;jhd; gf;jhj;jpy; tuyhw;wpd; Kjd;Kjy; cyfpd; thdpiy

Muha;r;rp epiyak; fl;lg;gl;lJ vd;gJ kWf;f Kbahj cz;ik vdyhk;..

mLj;jLj;jhf

1. my;rk;khrpah rJf;fk;- gf;jhjpYk;

2. fhrpAd; kiy – lk];f]pYk;

3. mLj;J vy;yh K];ypk; gpuNjrj;jpYk;

4. kwhfh th.M.ep `_yhF fhdpdhYk;

5. rkh;fz;l; th.M>ep cYf;ngf;fpdhYk; epWtg; ngw;wd.

6. khypf;rh`; th.M.ep ,];gfhdpYk

7. jg;wp]; th.M.ep f]d; fhdpdhYk;

mikf;fg;gl;ld.

thdpiy Muha;r;rp epiyaj;jpd; gpujhd Ntiy thdpiy ml;ltidfis

jahupj;jNyahFk;.

,J (Astronomical Tables) Nfhs;fspd; epiyfs;> re;jpudpd; ntt;NtW Njhw;wq;fs; ehl;fhl;b rk;ge;jkhd Mjhuq;fis fzpg;gjw;F cjTfpd;wJ.

,J thdpay; cgfuzq;fspd; nraw;ghL gw;wpAk; tpsf;fTiufisf; nfhz;lJ.

01. fyPgh k/Kd; fhy Kjy; th.M.ep MdJ R+hpa> re;jpu thdpay;

ml ;ltidfisAk; > el ;rj ;j pug ; gl ;baiyAk ; Nfhs ;kz;ly

mtjhdq;fisAk; md;iwa fhyj;jpNyNa jahupj;jJ vdyhk;.

02. rk;kh\pah th.M.ep MdJ R+HPad; re;jpud;> Nfhs;fs; kw;Wk; rpy

epiyahd el;rj;jpuf; $l;lk; vd;gtw;iw mtjhdpj;Jf; $wpaJ.

,g;gbahfr; Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l jfty;fis fpue;jkhf je;jth; ,g;D mgp

kd;R+h; vd;w ngwpapayhsh; Mthh;.

,e;E}y; “Kd;j`hd; ]p[; / Verified Tables vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ

03. kwhfh th.M>ep

1263 ,y; <uhdpy; ,Ue;J jg;wp];- njw;Fg; gFjp tiu epWtp mikf;fg;gl;lJ.

,d;Dk; mjd; mbj;js ,bghLfis fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ.

40000w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l E}y;fis nfhz;l xU thdpay; E}yfj;ijAk; ,J

cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.

mj;NjhL gpujhdkhf Gjpa thdpay; ml;ltizfis jahupj;J ntspapl;lJ.

]k; ]k;39


Nasir Al-Din-Al Tush + Quth Al-Din Al Shirasi

eh]pH my; bd; my; J}\; + Fj;g my; bd; my; rpwh]p

,th;fs; jhd; thdtpy; vt;thW cUthfpd;wJ vd;gjw;fhd cz;ikahd

fhuzj;ij fz;Lgpbj;j ,U gpurpj;jp ngw;w thdpayhsh;fs; Mthh;fs;.

Kjyhkth;- ,y;fidl; thdpay; ml;ltizfis jahhpj;jNjhL kl;Lky;yhJ>

E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd Mz;Lfshf thdpy; njd;gLfpd;w epiyahd el;rj;jpuf; $l;lg;

gl;baiy jahhpj;jtUk; Mthh;.

kwhfhit Nrh;e;j thdtpayhsh; xUth; rPdhTf;F mDg;gg;gl;L mq;F thdpay;

cgfuzk; xd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;F cjtpdhh; vd;gJ tuyhw;W cz;ik.

cYf;ngf; kd;dh;/ rf;futh;j;jp.

15 k; E}w;whz;by; jpKupl; rhk;uh[;aj;ij Mz;lth;.

,tupd; Ml;rp kj;jpa> njd;Nkw;F Mrpahtiuf;Fk; gutpaJ.

,th; xU rf;futh;j;jp kl;Lky;yhJ thdpaYk; fzpjtpaYk; fw;w Nkij Mthh;.

4. %d;W khbfis nfhz;l re;jpu> R+hpa> Nfhs; Muha;fpd;w th.M.epiyaj;ij

rkh;fz;by; epWtpath;.

ePz;lfhyk; epiyf;fg;ngw;w xU Muha;r;rp rhiyahfTk; thdpiy Muha;r;rp

epiyaq;fSf;nfy;yhk; xU ,yr;rpidahfTk; ghupa> kpf cau;e;j> jukhd

thdpay; cgfuzq;fisf; nfhz;l Qhgfhu;j;j fl;blkhfTk; rkh; fz;l

th.M.epiyak; gpurpj;jp ngw;wJ.

cjhuzk;

,jd; Meridian ARC ,d; Miu 50m ,];jhd;Gy; maNrhgh gs;spthaypd;

$iuapd; cauj;jpw;F xg;ghdJ.

Nfhzf; fUtp- Jy;ypakhf Nfhzq;fis msf;ff; $baJ. “gf;up Nfhzkhdp”(Fakhri Sextant) 40.4m Miuiaf; nfhz;lJ.,JNt cyfpd; kpfg;

ngupa NfhzkhdpahFk;.

cYf; ngf; murpd; thdpay; Muha;r;rpahdJ kpfTk Jy;ypakhdJk;> kpfr;

rupahdjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.

cjhuzk;

Stellar Year –vdg;gLk; tUlkhdJ mtupd; fzf;Fg; gb 365 ehl;fSk; 6

kzpj;jpahyq;fSk; 10 epkplq;fSk; 8 nrf;fd;fs; mlq;fpajhFk;.

,g;Nghija fzf;Fg; gb ,J 62 nrf;fd;fs; kl;LNk $LjyhdJ vd;why;

vt;thW Jy;ypakhf fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gJ ghuhl;Lf;Fk; tpag;Gf;Fk; cupa

tplakhFk;.

]k; ]k;40


jf;fp my;bd; -thdpay; Nkij

Kf;fpaj;Jtkpf;f K];ypk; tpQ;Qhdp Mthh;.

16 k; E}w;whz;by; kpfg; ghupa xU th.M>epiyaj;ij ,];jhd;Gy;ypy;

cUthf;fpdhh;.

,];jhd;Gy;ypd; Gjpa kd;duhfpa Ry;jhd; 3k; Kwhj; vd;gtNu me;j thdpiy

Muha;r;rp epiyj;ij epWTtjw;F nghUshjhu uPjpahf cjtpath;.

,d;iwa etPd thdpiy Muha;r;rp epiyak; Nghd;W ,uT thid jilapd;wp

mtjhdpf;ff; $ba xU thdpiy Muha;r;rp epiyaj;jpid ,];jhd;Gy;

kiyAr;rpapy; epWtpdhh;. ,J ,U fl;blq;fis nfhz;ljhapUe;jJ.

xd;W thdpay; E}yfkhfTk;;> njhopEl;gtpayhsh;fs; ,Ug;gplkhfTk; mike;jJ>

mLj;j fl;llk;> jfp my;bd; jhkhfNt cUthf;f;pa mwpTWj;jf;$ba thdpay;

cgfuzq;fspd; njhFjpiaAk; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

cjhuzk;

1. cUg;ngUj;j ghupa Armillary Sphere vDk; cgfuzKk; Nfhs;fspy;

epiyiaAk; Ntfj;ijAk; fzpg;gpLk;.

2. fbfhu ,ae;jpuk;. Mechanical Clock

mJ kl;Lky;yhJ jfp my;bd; mstpy;yhj thdpay;> fzpjtpay; nghwpapay;

E}y;fspd; fh;j;jhthfTk; tpsq;fpath;.

CORDOBAN Nfhlgd;- thdpay; Nkij

K];ypk;fs; cyfpd; KjyhtJ th.M.ep cUthf;fpaJ kl;Lky;yhJ rupj;jpuj;jpd;

KjyhtJ nraw;if Nfhs; kz;lyj;ijAk; cUthf;fpa ngUikAk; mth;fisNa

rhUk;.

19k; E}w;whd;by; Nfhlgd; vDk; tuyhw;W Nkijjhd; th.M.ep Nghd;wy;yhJ

el;rj;jpuq;fs;> Nfhs;fs; thd; nghUl;fs; Nghhd;w cUtq;fis nfhz;l

Planetarium vdg;gLfpd;w xU nraw;if Nfhs; kz;ly miwia cUthf;fpAs;shh;.

Ibn Firnas ,g;D gph;dh];

fz;zhbahyhd Rth;fis nfhz;l nraw;if Nfhs; kz;lyj;jpid jdJ

tPl;bNyNa Mf;fpf; fhl;bath;. ,jdhy; ,uT thdj;ij njspthff; fhl;baNjhL

kl;Lky;yhJ nraw;if ,b kpd;diyAk; mj;NjhL Nrh;hj;jth;.

,d;iwa nraw;if Nfhs; kz;lyj;ij xj;jjhd nraw;if Nfhs; kz;lyk;

MFk;.

mj;NjhL ,th; msg;nghpa vz;zpylq;fh fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fis nra;jth;.

cjhuzk;

gwf;Fk; ,ae;jpuj;jpd; (tpkhdk;) Kd;Ndhb> ,jdhy; kdpjh;fis thdpy; gwf;fr;

]k; ]k;41


nra;jth;.

Crystal –gspq;F gbfj;ij fz;L gpbj;jth;.

Nfhs; kz;lyk;

ftpij> ,yf;fpak;> thdpaypy; Njh;r;rp ngw;wth;.

fPuP];/fpNuf;f nkhopapy; Gyik ngw;wth;> mjdhy; fpNuf;f jj;Jt> ,ir>

ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpfis nkhop ngah;j;jth;.

Jujp\;ltrkhf mtupd;; jpwikfspd;> fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fspd; vr;rq;fs; mUfptpl;ld

mope;J tpl;ld.

1. Astronomical Instrument/ tpz;zpay; cgfuzq;fs;

K];ypk;fs; tpz;zpay; cgfuzq;fspd; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;F Kd;Ndhbfshf

jpfo;fpd;wdh;.

ghupa cgfuzq;fs; tbtikf;fg;gl;ljhy; jtwhd jfty;fspid ngWk; tPjq;fs;

Fiwf;fg;gl;ld.

lk];f]pd; tp.M.ep- NfhzkhdpahdJ. 20 mb ehw;NfhdpiaAk; 56 mb

mWNfhzp(Sextant) msitAk; nfhz;lJ.(10 fhh;fis ePl;lhf mLf;fpaJ

Nghd;wJ)

kwhfh tp.M.ep- nghpa Armilliary Spheres IAk; Astro Labes nfhz;ljhapUe;jJ.

[hgph; ,g;D mg;yh- thdpay; Nkij

1145 E}w;whz;by; kuzpj;jhh;.

nfhz;L nry;yf; $ba J}f;fpr; nry;yf; $ba (Portable Celestial Sphere) thd; Nfhsj;jpid Kjd; Kjyhf cUthf;fpath;.

,J ,U thd; nghUl;;fSf;F ,ilapyhd J}uj;ijAk; tpiriaAk; msf;f

gad;gLfpwJ.

my;gj;jhdp

Celestial Globes cUthf;fj;jpw;F fhuzfh;j;jh.

mg;j; my; w`;khd; my; R+gp

903 ,y; gpwe;jhh;.

K];ypk; ehLfspYk; INuhg;ghtpYk; ,g;NghJ gpurpj;jp ngw;Ws;s thd; Nfhsj;jpd;

cUthf;fj;jpw;fhf el;rj;jpuf; $l;l cUtq;fisg; gw;wpa (Constellation Images) Muha;r;rp fl;Liufis jhgpj;jth;.

]k; ]k;42


tho;j;Jf; ftpij (fyhrhuf; fz;fhl;rp)vk;.vr;.vk;. w`Pk;

gpQ;Rg; gUtj;jpy; fz;fs; fz;lit

gpupa %j;jk;kh $wplf; Nfl;lit

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fz;L fz;L ehk; Ja;j;j kfpo;r;rpia

vd;d ntd;Wiug;Ngd;?

vg;gbAiug;Ngd;?.....

fhty; tPuiu xj;j kuj;J}z;fs;

fspkz; Xiyf; Fbirapy; njhlq;fp

Mty; nfhs;Sk; ghd;ikapy; mike;j

mj;jid fhl;rpAk; mUikNah mUik

,d;iwa rpWtu; ,isQu; Atjpfs;

,Ufz; GUtk; cau;j;jp tpae;j

md;iwa fhyf; fhl;rp fyhrhuk;

midj;JNk mwpe;jhu; mfk;kpfkfpo;e;jhu;.

rPdb rpyk;gb Fj;Jths; ntl;L

rpe;ijia ftUk; jPg;ge;j tPr;R

fhybNa nfhz;L fhl;ba fhl;rpia

fz;fs; kwf;FNkh?.... fz;fs; kwf;FNkh?....

tpQ;Qhd Kd;Ndhbfs; vk; K];ypk;fs;

tpQ;Qhd tpj;Jf;fs; vk; K];ypk;fs;

thdpay;> ngsjPf cz;ikfs; vd;W

toq;fpa ,tu;fspd; 1001 fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; - tuyhwhy;

vd;Wk; kiwahj cz;ik

tu;j;jfu; vd;w K];ypk;fs; milnkhop

,d;dhupd; Ma;itg; ghu;j;NjhUf;Fg; GupAk;

tu;j;jfuy;yu; K];ypk;fs;> thOk; kdpju;f;F

tho;itf; nfhLj;jtupd;

fz;L gpbg;Gfs; fhyha; mike;jd.

gioik gz;ghL fyhrhuk; tuyhW

gw;gy tpe;ijg; nghUl;fspd; fhl;rpfs;

miynadj; jpuz;l midtUk; ghu;j;jpl...

midj;ijAk; xd;W jpul;ba Kaw;rpNah

tpiykjpg;gw;wit... tpiykjpg;gw;wit...

tpaf;fpd;Nwd; ,tu;fis> tpaf;fpd;Nwd; ,tu;fis

]k; ]k;43


vq;fs; nrayf nrayu; mtu;fs;

,uNuhbize;j ew;rpe;jidahsu;fs;

,utha;g; gfyha; cioj;jpl;l njhz;lu;;

,d;Dk; gy;tifj; njhz;Lfs; Gupe;Njhu;

midtu;f;Fk; vq;fs; Mo;kd ed;wpfs;

midtu;f;Fk; vq;fs; Mo;kd ed;wpfs;

kjpiar; Rw;wpa el;rj;jpuq;fs; ePu;...

Gjpa jiyKiw Gupe;jplh fhl;rpfs;

vq;fs; kz;zpdpy; nfhz;Ljhd; nfhl;bdPu;

jq;fkdq;fNs! jq;fkdq;fNs! cq;fs; NritAk;

vq;fs; nrayfj; jiytupd; Kaw;rpAk;

kf;fs; kdq;fspy; kiwANkh? vd;Wk;

ahtUk; tho;fNt! eyKld; tho;fNt...

fpof;F khfhz fiy ,yf;fpag; ngU tpoh - 2014

ehl;lhu; ghly; - fdp\;l gpupT

(gpuNjr kl;lk;: 1k; ,lk;> khtl;l kl;lk;: 1k; ,lk;)

K`k;kJ njsgPf; ghj;jpkh `dhdh> juk; - 09

kl;/kk/ my;-mkPd; kfh tpj;jpahyak;


ftpij vOJjy; - rpNu\;l gpupT

(gpuNjr kl;lk;: 1k; ,lk;)

nry;tp. vk;.N[.V. m/g;Nuh]; [kPuh

kl;/kk/ kpuh ghypfh Njrpa ghlrhiy

]k; ]k;44


jz;zph;ntb (kUjike;jd;)

mJ khu;fop khjk;. gUtfhy kioapd;

ml;lfhrk; CiuNa Ko;fitj;Jtpl;lJ.

fhiy Kjy; ghlrhiy tpLjpf;Fs;

kidtpAld; milgl;Lf;nfz;bUe;j

ehd; nghWikia ,oe;J me;jg; gioa

Filia tpupj;jtz;zk; mt;T+u;r;

re;jpia Nehf;fpr; nry;y Maj;jkhNdd;.

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thq;f’ fwpGsp xz;Lk; tukhl;LJ.

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thq;f’ vd;W $wpdhs;. kidtpapd;

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kiof;Fs; ,wq;fp el;f;fyhNdd;.

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Kbahj me;jf;Fil vd; cly;

KOtijAk; eidar; nra;J vd;id

eLq;f itj;Jtpl;lJ. jiyia kl;Lk;

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NjdPu;f; filf;Fs; Eioe;Njd;.

‘vd;d kh];lu; ,e;j kiof;Fs;s

gioa nfhiliaAk; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L

eidQ;RNgha; thwPq;f? thq;f> thq;f>

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nry;yyhNdd;.

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]k; ]k;45


jht+j;\htpd; kidtp ‘thq;f Nru;’ vd tuNtw;wgb jpz;izapy; gLj;jpUe;j

fztid mirj;J> ‘,Q;rq;f> ];$y;

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]k; ]k;46


cl;nrYj;jpf;nfhz;L mij ePl;bagb

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MWjy; nrd;dNghJk; mts; vjidAk;

nrtprha;f;fhJ vd;idNa mtsJ

GU\dpd; rhTf;F fhuzk; fhl;b

jiuapy; tpOe;J mOJ Gyk;gpdhs;.

vdf ;F mts;k PJ mEjhgkhfNt

,Ue;jhYk; KOf;f KOf;f mts;

vd;kPNj gopiag; NghLtij vd;dhy;

rfpf;f KbahkYk; ,Ue;jJ. vd;whYk;

czu;Tfis mlf;fpf;nfhz;L nghWik

fhj;jtz;zk; xU Xukhf epd;Nwd;. vdJ

cs;sKk; vd;kPNj Fw;wk; rhl;LtJ

Nfhz;l gpNuikNahLk; jhq;f Kbahj

NtjidAlDk; kd mOj;jj;NjhL

jLkhwpf;nfhz;bUe;Njd;.

‘kh];lu; ePq;f ,jg;gj;jp xd;Dk;

Nahrpf ;fhjpq ;f. mts; GU\dpd;

nksj;ijj; jhq;fpf;nfhs;s Kbahk

]k; ]k;47


rj;jk; NghLfpwhs;. jaT nra;J ePq;f

,q;f epy;yhk Cl;Lf;Fg; Ngha; cLg;g

khj;jpf;nfhz;L gs;spthrYf;F thq;f.

ehq;f ka;aj;ijf; Fspg;ghl;b fgd;

nra;J gs;spthrYf;F J}f;fpfpl;L

thwk;” vd mt;T+u ;g ; ngupatu;fs;

vd;dplk; Nfl;Lf;nfhz;ljhy; ehDk;

mjw;fpire;J tpLjpia Nehf;fp ele;Njd;.

ghupa jtiwr; nra;Jtpl;lJ Nghd;w

kdtOj;jk; vd;idj; jhf;fpf;nfhz;Nl

,Ue;jJ.

ehd;F Ie;J ehl;fs; ,Nj epidtpdhy;

cd ;dNth cwq ;fNth Kbahj

epiyapy; jj;jspj;Njd;. vdJ gupjhg

epiyfz;L vd; kidahSk; ghupa

Ntjidf;Fs;shdhs;. epk;kjpahf ,Uf;f

KbahJ jtpaha;j; jtpj;Njd;. vdJ

kidtpapd; MWjy; nkhopfs; $l

vd;dhy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy.

Ie;jhtJ ehs;> fhiy Neuk; fl;bypy;

rha;e;jtz;zk; ftiyapy; %o;fpa gb

rpe;jpj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;Njd;. mt;Ntis

vd; gf;fj;jpy; te;J mku;e;Jnfhz;l vd;

kidtp vdJ jiyia tUbatz;zk;

“,g;gb ftiyg;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUg;gjpy;

mu;j;jjkpy;iy. jaT nra;J vd;

thu;j;ijfisf; nfhQ;rk; NfSq;f.

vOe ;J Fs pj ;Jt p l ; L cLg ;ig

khj;jpf;nfhz;L vd;Dld; thq;f. ehk;

,UtUk; xU ,lj;Jf;Fg; Ngha;tUNthk;” vd;whs;.

“vq;Nf Vd; Nghf NtDk;?” vdf;Nfl;Nld;.

“jaTnra;J mJgw;wp xd;Wk; Nfl;fhjpq;f.

my;yh`;Tf;fhf vd;Dld; thUq;fs;” vd mioj;jhs;. mtSila gupjhg

epiyiag; ghu;j;Jr; rfpj;Jf;nfhs;s

Kbahj ehd; mtSld; nry;tjw;F

rk;kjpj;Njd;.

mts; neubahf jhT+j;\htpd; tPl;il

Nehf;fp mioj;Jr; nrd;wJ vdf;F

Mr;rupakhfNt ,Ue;jJ. vd;whYk;

xd;WNk Nfl;fhJ mtisj; njhlu;e;J

nrd;Nwd;.

mq;Nf Cu;j;jiytUld; gs;spthry;

fj P g ; cl ; gl gy ngu pa h u ; fs ;

fhzg;gl;ldu;. vd;idf;fz;lJk; ‘thq; Nru;’ vd kupahijahf mioj;J ,Uf;fr;

nra;jdu;. vijANk njupe;Jnfhs;shj

ehd; guf;fg;guf;f Kopj;jgb Cu;j;

jiytupd; gf;fj;jpy; mku;e;Njd;.

“Nru;” vd mioj;j Cu;j; jiytu;

vd;idg; ghu;j;J “nksj;jhg;Nghd

jhT+j;\htpd; ngQ;rhjpia mtSila

,j;jhf;flik ehYkhrk; gj;J ehs;

Kbe;j gpwF ePq;f mtit nuz;lhk;

jhukhff; fy;ahzk; Kbf;fpw xU

Nahridia cq;f kidtp nrhy;Ywh.

mjpNy cq;fl rk;kjj;j mwpaj;jhd;

$l;btur ;nrhd;Ndhk; . e Pq ;f vd;d

nrhy;YwPq;f? vdf; Nfl;Ltpl;L vdJ

Kfj;ijg; ghu;j;jhu;.

vjpu;ghuj nra;jpahy; mjpu;e;J Nghd

ehd; epkpu ;e ;J vdJ kidtpapd ;

Kfj;ijg;ghu;j;Njd;. mts; Gd;rpupg;igr;

r p e ; j p a tz ;zk ; ‘Xk ; ’ vd ; W

nrhy;Yq;f ehDk; mtis vdJ

jq;ifahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;Ntd;. ,J

rj;jpak; vd;W $wpats;> “ePq;f fl;lhak; Vw;Wf;nfhs;StPq;f vd;w

ek;gpf;ifahNyjhd; ,e;j Nahrpidiar;

nrhd;Ndd;.” vd;whs;.

vdJ kdf;f\;lj;jpypUe;J vd;idf;

fhg;ghw;Wtjw;fhf vd; kidtp vLj;j

Gj;jprhypj;jdkhd Kbit tpae;j ehd;

mq;f $bapUe;jtu;fisAk; kwe;J

vOe;Njhbr; nrd;W fl;baidj;jgb

mtis Kj;jkplyhNdd;.

]k; ]k;48


vdf;nfhU jha; Ntz;Lk; (fhj;jhd;Fb ghj;jpkh)

ck;kh...

cq;fSf;Fs;shfp cq;fspy; fye;J

cUthd cq;fs; cjpuj; Jsp...

cq;fs; kfd; NgRfpd;Nwd;.

Vdpe;j gpbthjk;...

$dyha;f;FWfyha;j; Jbf;Fk;

cq;fsJ Jbg;ig

cw;WUf... vd; ,jaj;jpy; tYtpy;iyak;kh...

cq;fs; `Pd mywiy...

,d;Dk; Nfl;f ,ayhJk;kh...

jhNa! ehnddg;ghLgl;NlDk;

,iwtd; cjtpahy; -

vl;Lnyl;rk; Nru;j;Jtpl;Nld;

vd; jha; ,jak; gpse;J milg;ngLj;J

,dpa jhapd; Jau; fisNtd;.

tPL tsT Mtz milkhdk;

Ntz;batiu Kaw;rpj;J

epjp Nru;j;J vd; jhia...

ck;kh Gwg;gLq;fs; ,iwtd;Jiz.

kfNd... vd; MUapu; kfNd...

cd;idr; Rkf;Fk; ,e;j ,jaj;jpy;

vz;zw;w NfhshW vd;W tpl;ldu;

itj;jpa tpj;jfu;fs;

mijg;gpse;J milg;ngLj;jhy;

MFtJ vd;d? kfd; nrhy;Yq;fs;.

vd; ,jak; gpse;jhs; - mjpypUe;J

eP tUtha; - cd; je;ij tUthu;.

,d;Dk; gpse;jhy;

vJTkpy;yhj NfhJ tUk;

ntl;bg;gpse;jpL...

];Nfd; nra;jpL - vd;whYk;

vd;dtUk; vd;delf;Fk;

vJTkpy;iy. ,iw MiztUk;

vd; ,ja gpsg;Gf;F lhf;lu;fs;

v];upNkw; je;Js;sdu;.

mg;gNyhtpy; gj;J yl;rk;

]k; ]k;49


M]pwpapy; vl;L yl;rk;

etNyhf gd;dpuz;L

nly;kdpy nfhQ;rk; fk;kp

Nlld;]; gjpide;J -

Riykhdpy; - nfhQ;rk; Fiw

]pypq;Nfhtpy; kpf mjpfk;

vd;dpy; gpwe;j kfd;

,ijf;Nfl;L miyfpd;whd;.

vdjd;G kfNd...

ehNdh tho;e;J Kbj;j rupj;jpuk;

ehNdh Kd;Diu fz;L KfTiu epd;W

,d;Nwh KbAk; tiuAk; fle;Jtpl;Nld;

my;yh`;tpd; miog;gpw;F - mtrukha; vjpu;ghu;g;G

,g;gbaha; ,Uf;ifapy; - Vd; kfNd gzmopg;G

tho;e;J Kbj;Njd; - cd;id

tho;tjw;fha; cau;j;jptpl;Nld;

vd;d gzp ,dp vdf;F...

Vd; kfNd ,itnay;yhk;?

tho;f;ifapy; flikfisr;

rPuhf Kbj;jhy;...

thOk; tiuapYk; ,iwgzpapy; eide;jhy;

,ja tUj;jnkd;d... vJtupDk; epk;kjpjhd;

nrhw;g ehs; tho;Tf;fhf -

nrhj;Jf;fs; - gps;isfspd;

Rfkhd tho;Tepiy

,itnay;yhk; mopj;Jg; nghUspay; eypthf;fp

tho;tJk; xUtho;th?

thUq;fs;. tho toptpLq;fs;.

tho;gtu;fl;F toptpLq;fs; - ,jak; gpse;J...

milg;ngLj;J -

,UgJ ,yl;r;ij ,oe;J - ,d;Wk;

,Uthuk; kl;Lk; tho;e;J - ,of;Fk; epiy fioe;J

vy;yhk; ,iw rpj;jk; vd;Dk;

<khd; gyk; nfhz;L

vd; kfNd ehd; tho;Ntd;

,dpa kfd;... fyq;fhNj!

]k; ]k;50



fl;Liug; Nghl;b – fdp\;l gpupT

(gpuNjr kl;lk;: 1k; ,lk;> khtl;l kl;lk; : 3k; ,lk;)

vk;. NI. Kfk;kl; [h]py;> juk; - 6

kl;/kk/ fhj;jhhd;Fb kj;jpa fy;Y}up (Nj.gh)

fyhrhuKk; mjw;$lhd ew;gz;Gs;s Gjpa rKjhaKk;

fyhrhuk; vd;gJ xUjdp kdpj tho;tpy; xUtd; nfhz;Ls;s

csuPjpahdJk; nray; uPjpahdJk; gz;ghl;L tsu;r;rpiaNa Fwpj;J

epw;fpd;wJ.,t;thW gue;Jgl;l ey;ynjhU fyhrhug; gpd;dzpiaf;

nfhz;Ls;s r%fj;jpdhy; kl;LNk cz;ikahd mgptpUj;jpiaAk;

epiyNgwhd gz;ghLfisAk; cs;thq;fpf; nfhs;s ,aYkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

vdpDk; Nkw;fj;Nja ehfuPf Nkhfj;jpdhYk; njhopy; El;g tsu;r;rpapd;

gpd;dilthd gf;fq;fspdhYk; midtupdJk; ghuk;gupa fyhrhuq;fs;

gpd;dilTfis vjpu;nfhz;Ls;sikahdJ jw;NghJ Vw;gl;Ls;s ghupa

rthyhFk;.,t;thwhd rPu;NfLfisf; fise;J kf;fis ey;topg;gLj;Jtjd;

thapyhf ew;gz;Gs;s Gjpa r%fj;jpdiuf; fl;bnaOg;g Ntz;baJ

fhyj;jpd; Njitahf midtuhYk; czug;gl;Ls;sJ.

cyfpy; xt;nthU kdpjDk; jhd;rhu;e;j VNjhnthU fyhrhuj;jpd;ghy;

cs;thq;fg;gl;ltdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;.mjd; %yk; mtDila

jdpj;Jtk; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ.mJkl;Lkd;wp mtdhy; mJ cau;thfTk;

kjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.,NjNghd;W ehk; thOk; #oypYk; gyjug;gl;l

,d>kj> nkhop NtWghl;Lld; NtWgl;;l fyhrhug; gpd;dzpiaf; nfhz;l

kf;fs; tho;tijAk; mtjhdpf;f KbAk;;. mk;kf;fSk; jhk; gpd;gw;Wk;;

fyhrhuj;jpy; gw;Ws;stu;fshfshfTk; mjidg; gpd;gw;Wgtu;fshfTk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.,t;thW ed;F fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l fyhrhug; gpd;dzpiaf;

nfhz;l rKjhaj;jpdhy; kl;LNk ew;gpuirfisAk; re;jjpapdiuAk;

tsu;j;njLf;f ,aYk;.

,jw;Nfw;g xUtu; kw;wtupdJ fyhrhuj;ijAk; gz;ghl;ilAk; kjpj;J

elf;f ntz;ba Njit ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.,JnthU mtrpakhd

gz;ghFk;.,t;thW xt;nthU jdpkdpjdpdJk; kdg;ghq;fpy; khw;wj;jpid

Vw;gLj;Jk;NghJ mtu;fsJ elj;ijf; Nfhyj;jpYk; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; rpe;jidg;

Nghf;fpYk; ghupa khw;wj;jpid Vw;gLj;Jk; ty;yikiag; ,g;gz;ghL ngw;Wf;

nfhs;fpd;wJ.,t;thW rpwe;jnjhU fyhrhug; gpd;dzpapy; gapw;wg;gl;l

r%fj;jpdhy; kl;LNk Njitahd ,d ey;Ywtpidf; fl;bnaOg;g KbAk;

vd;gJ mDgtuPjpahd cz;ikahFk;.vdpDk; jw;fhyj;jpy; vk;kj;jpapy;

CLUtpAs;s gy;NtW r%ff; fhuzpfshYk; rpe;jidg; Nghf;FfshYk;

]k; ]k;51


midj;J r%fq;fspdJk; tho;tpay; mk;rq;fspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT

jhf;fj;jpid ,it Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd.

nghJthff; fyhrhuk; vd;gJ “,dq;fSf;fpilapyhd xU Gupe;Jzu;Tg;

ghyk;” vd;why; mJ kpifahfhJ.,jw;Ff; fyhrhuk; njhlu;ghd khDltpay;

tpQ;Qhd Muha;r;rpahsu;fspd; rpe;jidahd “ve;jnthU r%fj;jpd;

fyhrhuk; ,d;ndhU ,dj;jpd; fyhrhuj;ij tpl cau;thdjy;y” vDk;

$w;wpd; %yk; czu;e;J nfhs;sKbAk;.,jw;Nfw;g mit fPohdJky;y

vd;gJTk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s ntz;ba rpe;jidahFk;.cjhuzkhf vk;kj;jpapy;

epyTfpd;w Mq;fpy nkhop kPjhd Nkhfj;jpidf; Fwpg;gpl;Lf;$w KbAk;.

mk;nkopiag; NgRfpd;w kf;fspd; fyhrhuk; vk;ik ntFthff; ftu;e;Js;s

NghjpYk; vkJ fyhrhuk; ve;j tifapYk; mjidtplf; Fiwthdjy;y

vd;gij kwe;Jtplf;$lhJ.Vnddpy; vkJ fyhrhug; ghuk;gupakhdJ

vkJ r%f> nghUshjhu> ngsjPf> Gtpapay; fhuzpfSf;Nfw;g

tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;s rk;gpujhaq;fshFk;.Nkw;fj;Nja kf;fs; fuz;bfshy;

czT cl;nfhs;Sk; NghJ ehk; iftpuy;fshy; cl;nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.

,jpy; vt;tpj FiwghLk; ,y;iy. ,g;gof;fj;jpw;F ehk; rpWtaJ Kjy;

gof;fg;gl;bUg;gjhy; mJ fPohdJkd;W.mJkl;Lkd;wp jw;fhyj;jpy; vkJ

czTz;Zk; KiwNa tpQ;Qhd uPjpahfr; rkpghliltjw;fhd rupahd

topKiw vdf; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ.

xU jdpkdpjdpd; clYk; capUk; xd;wpj;j tbtj;jpy; mtdJ fyhrhuKk;

FUjpapy; Nru;e;Nj xbf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy.

Jujp];l trkhf fle;j Kg;gJ tUl fhykhfg; GiuNahbg; Nghd

,dKuz;ghl;Lr; #oyhy; Vw;gl;l Aj;jj;jpd; fhuzkhf midj;J

r%fq;fspdJk; fyhrhuk; rPuope;J jpirkhwpr; nrd;Ws;sijj; jw;fhyj;jpy;

fz;Lnfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.,jw;Ff; fhuzkhfj; jw;fhyj;jpy; gyuhYk;

gw;gy fhuzpfs; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l NghjpYk; Mokhfr; rpe;jpj;J

Nehf;FNthkhapd; ,dq;fSf;fpilNa Vw;gl;l fyhrhug; Gwf;fzpg;Ng

%yfhuzp vd;gij czuKbAk;.Vnddpy; mjidg; gpd;gw;Wtjpy;

vJtpj ,ilA+Wk; Vw;gLj;jg;gLtjid vtUk; mDkjpg;gJkpy;iy.khwhf

,jd;kPJ kw;wtupdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; fyhrhug; Gwe;js;SifahdJ

mtdJ Mo;kdjpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.,jdhy; kw;wtu; kPJ jPtpu

czu;r;rpAk; vjpu;g;Gk; Ml;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.mj;Jld; tpuf;jp kdepiyAld;

Kuz;ghl;Lr; #oYf;Fk; ,l;Lr; nry;fpd;wJ. ,t;thW Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l ghupa

kdg;gjptpd; jhf;fj;jpid ,yFtpy; khw;wpl ,aYk; vd vz;ZtJ

mwpahikahFk;. ,t;thwhd gpwo;T elj;ijahdJ fhyg;Nghf;fpy;

r%fj;jpd; njhw;W Nehahf khwpg; gpw r%fq;fSf;fpilapyhd ey;YwtpYk;

ghupa ghjpg;igAk; tpupriyAk; Vw;gLj;jp tpLfpd;wJ.

,d;W etPd kakhFk; efukakhFk; Nghl;lh Nghl;b epiwe;j cyfg;

nghUshjhu Kiwikf;Nfw;g Vw;gl;Ls;s cyfshtpa Nghl;bj;jd;ik

]k; ]k;52


fhuzkhf Gjpa topfspy; nghUsPl;ly; eilngw;W tUfpd;wJ.,jw;fhf

kdpjd; epk;kjpaw;W ,ae;jpu Ntfj;jpy; ,aq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;.

rw;W Xa;ntLj;jhYk; jdf;fhd re;ju;g;gk; ifeOtpr; nrd;WtpLNkh

vd;w mr;rj;Jld; cod;W jtpf;fpd;whd;. ,jdbg;gilapy; ciog;ghdJ

Ruz;ly;fs; %ykhf ,lk;ngWk; tpahghu Af;jpiar; rpe;jpj;Jzuhj

kf;fs; rlj;Jtj;jpd;ghy; Nkhfk; nfhz;L jq;fspd; jdpj;Jtj;ijAk;

fyhrhuj;ijAk; kwe;J thOk; #o;epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;Ls;sdu;.cjhuzkhf

rpdpkhj; jpiug;glq;fspd; jhf;fj;jpidf; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.,tw;wpd;

mwpKfj;jpdhy; gpw;Nghf;fhd Kd;khjpupfs; tpsk;gug;gLj;jg;gLtJld;

nghUj;jkw;w Kiwapy; ghypay; czu;r;rpfSk; Jhz;lg;gLfpd;wd.,tw;wpd;

tpisthf Gjpa ehfuPfk; vd;w Nghu;itapy; Mghr eil>cil>ghtid

vd;gd Mjpf;fk; ngw;Ws;sikapdhy; Kiwaw;w ghypay; elj;ijfSk;>

gyhj;fhuq;fSk;> tpgr;rhu eltbf;iffSk; vk;kj;jpapy; ntFthf

mjpfupj;Js;sij mtjhdpf;f Kbfpd;wJ.,jw;Fk; xU gb Nkw;nrd;W

Mghrf;fhl;rpfspd; kypthd ,wf;Fkjpg; Nghf;Fk; mtw;wpDhlhd

tpahghuj; je;jpuKk; taJ tpj;jpahrkpd;wp ,k;kha tiyapy;

midtiuAk; rpf;fitj;Js;sJ.,jdhy; ,tu;fs; czu;r;rpfSf;F

mbikfshfpa kdNehahsu;fshf khwpAs;sdu;. ,tw;wpd; Njwpa gadhf

rkaq;fspd; NghjidfSk; topfhl;Ljy;fSk; Gwe;js;sg;gl;L rpdpkhf;

fjhghj;jpuq;fspd; thrfq;fis Ntjthf;fhff; nfhz;L thOk; Ju;g;ghf;fpa

epiy vk;r%fj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.,t;thwhd epiyg;ghNl ew;gz;Gs;s

rKjhak; cUthf;fk; ngWtjw;Fj; jilahAs;s gpujhd fhuzp vdyhk;.

“xOf;fk; vd;gJ capupYk; NkyhdJ” vDk; rhd;Nwhupd; thf;fpw;fika

,sk; jiyKiwapdupd; xOf;fk; jw;NghJ Nfs;tpf;FwpahfpAs;sJ.Vnddpy;

jw;fhyj;jpy; khztg; gUtj;jpduJ xOf;fg; gz;ghl;L tpOkpaq;fs;

Kd;ida fhyj;Jld; Xg;gpLfpd;wNghJ rw;Wf; Fiwe;j fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

Kd;ida fhyj;jpy; Mrpupau;fisAk; ngupNahu;fisAk; kjpj;J ele;j

,tu;fs; ghlrhiyapd; gz;ghl;L ghuk;gupaq;fisAk; gpd;gw;wp ele;jdu;.

Mdhy; ,d;W epiyik khwp guPl;iria ikakhff; nfhz;l fw;gpj;jy;

Kiwikapdhy; xOf;fk; tPo;r;rp fz;Ls;sikiaf; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.

fw;wy; nraw;ghLfSld; Nru;j;J Gwf;fPu;j;jpr; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLtjw;fhd

re;ju;g;gk; khztu;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s NghjpYk; ,it rupahd Kiwapy;

topfhl;lg;glhikahdJ xU gpd;dilthFk;.,d;W khztu;fSf;Fk;

Mrpupau;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd cwT ntFthfg; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.,d;W

flikf;fhf kl;LNk fw;gpj;jy; gzp eilngWfpd;wNj jtpu mu;g;gzpg;ghd

Nrit Nfs;tpf;FwpahfpAs;sJ.,jdhy; khztu;fspd; vjpu;ghu;g;Gk;

rpe;jidg; Nghf;Fk; tpj;jpahrkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.,J khztu; r%fj;jpd;

fyhrhuj;jpy; Vw;gl;Ls;s gpd;ilTfSf;Ff; fhuzkhf mike;Js;sd.

khztu;fs; fy;tpapYk; xOf;fj;jpYk; kl;Lkd;wp tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd

rfy JiwfspYk; nrJf;fpr; nrg;gdplg;gl

]k; ]k;53


Ntz;ba ,lkhfg; ghlrhiyfs; jpfo Ntz;Lk;.,jw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

Clfkhfj; jq;fspd; fiy fyhrhu tplaq;fSldhd <Lghl;bid

khztu;fs; kj;jpapy; mjpfupf;fr; nra;tjDhlhfTk; thrpg;G kw;Wk;

vOj;Jj; Jiwfspy; ed;F Cf;fg; gLj;JtjpDhlhfTk; rpe;jidg;

Nghf;fpidAk; gz;ghl;L xOf;f tpOkpaq;fisAk; tsu;j;njLf;f

,aTkhftpUf;Fk;.

mLj;J jw;fhy cyfkakhfypd; tpisthf jdpkdpjdpd; ngWkjpahdJ

Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;L gzk; gzk; vd;W Raeykhf thof;$ba kf;fisNa

$Ljyhff; fhzKbfpd;wJ.mjdhy; gpwu; eyk; Ngzy; vd;gJ tof;nfhope;J

RaeyNk midtupdJk; kdjpYk; jiyJhf;fp epw;fpd;wJ.,jd; tpisthf

xUtu; kw;wtiu Kz;babj;J> tPo;j;jp gpioahd topfspy; jq;fspd;

Njitfis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;s Kay;;fpd;wdu;. ,jdhy; kdpj Neak;

vd;gJ ,y;ykw;NghAs;sJld; gyhj;fhuKk; kdpj cupik kPwy;fSk>;

mdhr;rhuq;fSk;> nfhiy> nfhs;is >Ml;flj;jy; Nghd;w r%f tpNuhj

nray;Sk; kype;j xU r%ff; fl;likg;G Njhw;Wtpf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ.ehSf;F

ehs; ,it $br;nry;fpd;wdNt jtpu mit Fiwe;j ghby;iy.,tw;Wf;Fg;

gpujhd fhuzk; Nkw;fj;Nja thliff; fyhrhuj;jpd; CLUtYk; vkJ

r%fj;jpd; ghuk;gupa eilKiwfspd; Gwe;js;SifAk; vd;why; mJ

kpifahfhJ.

NkYk; ,d;iwa etPd Afj;jpy; vk;kidtiuAk; Ml;nfhz;Ls;s njhopy;

El;g tsu;r;rp njhly;gpy; Nehf;FNthNkahdhy;>,jd; guprhf ,d;unel;>

ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrp vd;gtw;wpd; Mjpf;fj;jpidr; Rl;bf;fhl;l

,aYk;. ,f;fzdp Afj;jpd; gadhf cyfk; fz;Ls;s gpujpgyd;fs;

vz;zpylq;fhjit.,Ug;gpDk; etPd tu;j;jf tpNuhjpfshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;

tpahghuj; je;jpuj;jpid czu;e;J nfhs;s Kbahj vkJ mg;ghtpr;

r%fk; mtu;fspd; khatiyapy; rpf;Fz;L jtpg;gijg; gpd;tUk; Gjpa

jfty;fs; ep&gpf;fpd;wd.mjhtJ cyfk; KOtJk; jfty; fsQ;rpakhfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ‘$Fs;’ %yk; xU epkplj;jpw;F ,UgJ ,ylrj;jpw;Fk;

Nkw;gl;ltu;fs; NjLjy; nra;fpd;wdu;. Kfg;Gg; Gj;jfg; gf;fq;fspy; mWgJ

yl;rk; Ngu; ,uT ghyhf KfkGijj;Jj; njhlu;gpypUf;f> xUepkplj;jpw;F

%thapuk; glq;fs; mg;Nyhl; nra;ag;gLtJld; ,U Nfhbg; Gifg;glq;fs;

ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wd.Mr;rupak; jUk; ,j;fty;fs; jUk; nra;jpahdJ vt;thW

thoptpidr; rPuopj;J tho;e;J tUfpd;wdu; vd;gijg; giwrhw;wp epw;fpd;wJ.

jw;fhyj;jpy;; rpyu; mjw;fg;ghYk; nrd;W Kfk; njupahf; fhjYf;fhfTk;

mw;g nrhw;g tplaq;fSf;fhfj; jq;fisj; jw;nfhiy Kaw;rptiu

,Oj;Jr; nry;tjw;Fk; ,lkspj;Js;sdu; vd;gJ ntspg;gilahd

cz;ikahFk;.,jw;F jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;l tPl;Lr;#oYk; Kf;fpa gq;F

tfpg;gjdhy; gpur;rpidfisg; gfpu;e;J nfhs;Sk; jd;ik mw;Wg;Ngha;

ew;gz;Gs;s rKjhaj;jpid cUthf;Fjypy; ngw;Nwhupd; gq;Fk;

]k; ]k;54


ntw;wplkhfTs;sJ.mjw;fhfg; ngw;NwhUk; jq;fs; gps;isfspd; elj;ijf;

Nfhyq;fis ed;F mtjhdpj;J topg;gLj;j Ntz;Lnkad;wp ghuhKfkhf

,Ug;gjhdJ jq;fSf;Fk; vk;r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,iof;fpd;w mePjp vd;Nw

$wKbAk;.

cz;ikapy; mgptpUj;jp vd;gJ ntWkNd ntspj;Njhw;w mk;rq;fspy;

kl;Lk; jq;fpapUg;gjd;W.mit csuPjpahf czug;gLk; NghJjhd;

epiyNgwhdjhf mikfpd;wJ.mt;thww;w epiyikapy; mr;nraw;ghLfs;

Gwf;fg;gLgitahfNt fUjg;gLk;.,jw;fhf rKjhaj;jpy; ew;gz;Gs;s

r%fk; fl;bnaOg;gg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.fle;j fhyq;fspy; Vw;gl;l ,aw;if

mdu;j;jq;fshy; ntspehl;ltu;fspd; tUifAk; mtu;fspd; cjtpfSk;

jtpu;f;f KbahJ NghdhYk; mjdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l fyhrhur; rPu;NfLfs;

jtpu;f;f Kbahjit. mjdhy; jdpkdpj Kd;Ndw;wr; nray;ghLfs;

kOq;fbf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.NkYk; vk;kf;fs; Ra Mf;fj; jpwd; mw;wr%fkhfTk;

gpwuplk; jq;fs; NjitfSf;fhff; ifNae;Jtjw;Fk; vjpu;ghu;g;gjw;Fkhd

r%fkhf khwpAs;sikahdJ ftiyf;Fupa tplakhFk;.,jdhy;

Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l fyhrhuf; fyg;gpdhy; rka> r%f> gz;ghl;L tpOkpaq;fs;

FopNjhz;bg; Gijf;fg;gl;L> ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l fyhrhuq;fspd;

Mjpf;fk; NkNyhq;fpf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

,t;thW gy;NtWgl;l fhuzpfshy; rpijTz;L fhzg;gLk; fyhrhuj;ij

kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;GtJk; mjd;%yk; ew;gz;Gs;s rKjhaj;ij

cUthf;ftJk; jw;fhyj;jpd; mj;jpatrpa NjitahFk;.

,jdbg;gilapy; r%fj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; fiy myf;fpa Mu;tyu;fs; ,dk;

fhzg;gl;L Cf;ftpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk.; “nkhopfshYk; ,yf;fpaj;jhYk;

ntspg;gLj;j KbahjJ xd;Wkpy;iy” vd;w mwpQu;fspd; $w;Wf;fikthf

nkhopfspd; gpwg;gpw;Fg; gpd;dNu ,yf;fpaq;fSk; Njhd;wpAs;sd.mj;Jld;

fy;tp Rfhjhuk; vd;gtw;Wf;F toq;fg;gLk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Nghd;W fyhrhu

mk;rq;fSf;Fk; me;j];J toq;fg;gLtjd; %ykhf gpd;js;sg;gl;Lj;

Jhukhfpg; NghAs;s fyhrhu mk;rq;fis tsu;j;njLf;f Kaw;rp nra;a

Ntz;Lk;.NkYk; njhopy;El;gj;Jiw ty;Ydu;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;

mq;fPfhuKk; nfsutKk; toq;fg;gl;L ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; mtw;wpidf;

fw;gpf;fpd;w Mrpupau;fs; epakpf;fg;gLtjdhy; khztu;fshy; ftdpg;ghuw;W

iftplg;gl;l fiy fyhrhu mk;rq;fis cap&l;lKbAk;.,tw;wpd;

thapyhf fyhrhuk; vd;gJ ew;gz;Gs;s r%fj;ij cUthf;Ftjpy; ngUk;

gq;F tfpf;fpd;wJ vd;why; mJ kpifahfhJ.


cWg;ngOj;Jg; Nghl;b - fdp\;l gpupT


nry;tp. V.vk;.vg;. kk;J}`h

kl;/kk/ kpy;yj; kfspu; tpj;jpahyak;.

]k; ]k;55


fpof;F khfhz fiy ,yf;fpag; ngU tpoh - 2014ghlyhf;fg; Nghl;b - fdp\;l gpupT


vk;. NI. Kfk;kl; [h]py;> juk; - 6

kl;/kk/ fhj;jhhd;Fb kj;jpa fy;Y}up (Nj.gh)

#oy; fhg;Nghk;

rpd;dj;jk;gp rpd;dj;jk;gp!

vq;Nf nry;fpwha;?

tPjpf;F nrd;W ehDq;Fg;ig

tPrg; Nghfpnwd;.

INah! jk;gp mg;gbnay;yhk;

nra;jplhalh!

R+oy; nfl;L Ju;ehw;wk;

tPRNkalh!

mEjpdKk; eP vwpAk;

fopTfshNy

KOj;njUTk; $oj;jhy;

epuk;gpg; Nghr;Rlh

kPo;Row;rp vd;W $wp

mwpaj;je;jhYk;

elf;fpd;wPu; mwptw;w

%luhfNt

rpf;fdkha;g; nghypj;jPidg;

ghtpj;jhYNk

gwe;JtUk; igfisAk;

Fiwj;jplyhNk

njhy;iy jUk; <f;fisAk;

Esk;GfisANk

xopj;jplNt gytopfSz;L

ePawpthNah?

jPtpukha; gutp tUk;

njhw;W Nehapdhy;

kuzj;ij mQ;RfpNwhk;

Rfhjhukpd;wp.

Gwr;R+oy; vDkpe;j

ew;nfhilapid

NgzpNa fhj;jpLjy;

vk;fldhFk;.

(epiwT)

]k; ]k;56



rpWfijg; Nghl;b - fdp\;l gpupT


vk;. I. ghj;jpkh> juk; - 09

kl;/kk/ nkj;ijg;gs;sp tpj;jpahyak;

jj;Jg; gps;is

xU mofpa fhiyg;nghOJ…..!

mt; ,dpa Ntisapy; ‘rpj;jpiug; GJtUl fr;Nrup’ ,lk;ngw;Wf;nfhz;bUe;jJ.

fr;Nrup vd;gJ jiyrpwe;j ghlfu;fisAk;> fiyQu;fisAk; nfhz;ljy;y.

Fapy; $Tk; Xirjhd; mJ. ‘gr;irg; gNry;’ vdf; fhl;rpaspf;Fk; tptrha epyq;fSk; kdjpw;F kfpo;r;rp jUk; fhfk; fiutJk;> Nrty; $TtJk;>

Myaq;fspdJk; ‘ lq;> lq;’ vDk; kzpNairAk; fhiyg;nghOjpid

kpfTk; gugug;ghf;Fk; ,t;tofpa fpuhkj;jpy; gpwe;jts;jhd; ‘fy;gdh’.

md;gpw;fhfTk;> fUizf;fhfTk; Vq;Fk; xUj;jpahfptpl;lhs;. mtspid

kfpo;r;rpA+l;LtJk;> rpupf;fitg;gJk; mtSila Fl;b eha; ‘lhL’ kl;Lk; jhd;. rhk;gy; epw clypy; nts;is epw Gs;spiaf;nfhz;l lhLit

fy;gdhtpw;F kpfTk; gpbf;Fk;. ehd;F Rtu;fs;> cl;gl;l jsk;> Nkw;$iuAld;

xNunahU miwjhd; tPL. JUg;Gbj;j xU mLg;G jl;LKl;Lr; rhkd;fs;

itf;Fk; ,uz;L mLf;F kug;ngl;b xd;W> fapw;wpdhy; Ntag;gl;l ,uz;L

(fl;by;fs;) gLf;iffs;. ,itaidj;Jk; fy;gdhtpd; tPl;by; ,Ue;j

nghUl;fs;. ,t;thW jdJ fle;j fhy tho;tpid nfhQ;rk; epidj;Jg;

ghu;f;fpwhs;.

mtSf;F xNunahU Mirkl;Lk;jhd;. ghlrhiyf;Fr; nrd;W fy;tpfw;f

Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ kl;Lk;jhd;. Mdhy; mtsJ FLk;g epiyNah kpfTk;

gupjhgkhdJ. fy;gdhtpd; je;ij Fkhu; md;whlk; $ypNtiy nra;J

mtu; nfhz;LtUk; xU rpy ehzaq;fSf;F mtsJ mk;kh yl;Rkp

mUfpy; cs;s filfSf;Fr; nrd;W nfhQ;rk; muprp thq;fp tUths;.

mjidf;nfhz;L fQ;rpapid tbj;J jdJ fztUf;Fk; jdJ Ie;J

gps;isfSf;Fk; nfhLj;Jtpl;L vQ;rpa rpwpjstpid jhDk; rhg;gpl;Ltpl;L

J}q;fptpLths;. rpyNtiyfspy;> fy;gdhtpd; je;ij neQ;R typ Vw;gl;L

vOe;J elf;ff;$l Kbahky; mtjpg;gLk; NghJ yl;RkpAk; fy;gdhTk;

may;tPLfSf;Fr; nrd;W ghj;jpuq;fis fOtpf;nfhLj;jhy;> mtu;fs;

vQ;Rk; cztpid ,tu;fSf;Ff; nfhLg;gu;.

mt;Tztpidf;nfhz;L midtUk; grpahWtu;. ,t;thW> tWikapidf;

nfhz;L tho;e;J te;j ,f;FLk;gj;jpw;F jpBnud xU mjpu;r;rp ‘toik Nghy; njhopy; nra;ar; nrd;w Fkhupw;F neQ;R typ mjpfupj;J ,we;J

]k; ]k;57


tpl;lhu;’ vd;w nra;jp mf;FLk;gj;jpid eLeLq;f itj;jJ. mf;FLk;gj;jpw;F

midtuhYk; MWjy; $w kl;LNk Kbe;jJ.

yl;Rkpapd; rNfhju> rNfhjupfs; midtUk; trjpAs;stu;fs;. Mdhy;

yl;Rkp kpfTk; Vio vd;gjhy; mtu;fs; jkJ FLk;gj;ij tpl;L

xJf;fpitj;J tpl;ldu;. yl;Rkp vd;d nra;tnjd;W Gupahky; jtpj;jhs;.

fy;gdhtpw;F taJ VO. mtSf;Fg; gpd; cs;sNjh Ie;J jk;gp> jq;iffs;.

fy;gdh FLk;g epytuj;jpid Gupe;J nfhs;ths;. Mdhy;> mtsJ jk;gp>

jq;iffSf;F vd;d njupAk;. mtu;fs; mk;khtplk; ‘mk;kh grpf;FJk;kh>

grpf;FJk;kh’ vd er;rupj;Jf;nfhz;NlapUg;gh yl;Rkp kd NtjidAld;

gf;fj;J tPLfspy; Ntiy Njbr;nrd;whs;.

gf;fj;J tPl;L ru];tjp mf;fhtpd; tPl;bd; jpz;izapy; gyu; cl;fhe;J

fijj;jJf;nfhz;bUe;jdu;.

yl;Rkp> ru];tjp mf;fhtplk; nrd;W ‘VjhtJ Ntiy cs;sjh?’ vdf; Nfl;lhs;.

‘vdJ rNfhjuu;fs; te;jpUf;fpd;wdu;. czT rikf;f Ntz;Lk; vdf;F eP

cjt KbAkh? vdf; Nfl;lhu;.

epr;rakhf> Mdhy; vdf;Fk; vdJ gps;isfSf;Fk; czT juNtz;Lk;.

vdf;F rikf;f cjtpdhy; epr;rakhf> vQ;Rk; czitj; jUNtd;> vd;whu;

ru];tjp mf;fh.

yl;RkpAk; rup vd xg;Gf;nfhz;L rikj;Jf;nfhLj;Jtpl;L vQ;Rk; cztpid

jdJ tPl;bw;F vLj;J te;J jhDk; cz;L jd; gps;isfSf;Fk;

nfhLj;jhs;.

xU rpy ehl;fspd; gpd;du; ru];tjp mf;fh> yl;Rkpapd; tPL Njb

te;jhu;. yl;RkpAk; mtupid tuNtw;W ciuahbf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ

‘yl;Rkp> cd;u Gs;is fy;gdhit vdJ jk;gp kidtp ghu;j;J tpl;lhs;>

mtq;fSf;Fk; xU Gs;is ,y;yhk epiwa ehs; f\;lg;gl;lhq;f vd;gJ

cdf;Fj; njupAk;….> mjdhy….. cd;l fy;gdht mTf jj;njLf;Fujh

nrhy;uhq;f……!’ vdj; jaq;fpagb Nfl;lhu; ru];tjp.

yl;Rkp nra;tjwpahJ jpifj;J epd;whs;.

‘xU ey;y Kbt nrhy;Y vdf;$wpa ru];tjp> cd;idAk; Rk;kh

tplkhl;lhf.. cd;l kj;j ehY Gs;isfisAk; ey;yh gbf;f itf;fpwNjhL>

fy;gdhitAk; mTfl Gs;skhjpup ghu;j;Jf;Fthq;f> ePAk; fLikah

f\;lg;gLwha;jhNd?’ vdf;$wptpl;Lr; nrd;Wtpl;lhs;.

,q;F ele ;j rk;gtk; midj;ijAk; fy;gdh kiwtpypUe ;J

]k; ]k;58


Nfl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;jhs;.

‘Vioaha; ,Ue;jh ngj;j Gs;saAk; tpl khl;lhq;fsh?’ vdf;$wp

moj;njhlq;fpdhs; yl;Rkp.

fy;gdhTk; mk;khtplk; nrd;W ‘ehd; mTfNshl NghNwd;. mk;kh jk;gp>

jq;iffisAk; ey;yh ghj;Jf;Fthq;f> ehd; mtfNshl NghNwd;> vd

mk;khtpd; fz;zPiuj; Jilj;jgb $wpdhs;.

md;WKOf;f yl;Rkpapd; fz;fspy; fz;zPiuj;jhd; ghu;f;fKbe;jJ.

NtWtop njupahky; yl;rkp> ru];tjp mf;fhtplk; nrd;W fy;gdh

mtu;fNshL nry;yg;NghFk; nra;jpia $wpdhs;.

fy;gdh mtu;fSld; nry;yNtz;ba ehSk; te;jJ.

mtu;fSila fhupy; fy;gdhit Vw;wpf;nfhz;L nry;y mtu;fsJ fhupid

nfhz;Lte;jdu;. jdJ mk;khtpd; kbapy; ePz;l Neukhf cl;fhu;e;J

mOJtpl;L midtiuAk; gpupe;J nrd;whs;.

jdJ GJ tPl;bid fy;gdh mz;zhu;;e;J ghu;j;jhs;. ‘,uz;L mLf;F

khbtPLk;> gytifahd jsghlq;fSk;> tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fSk; vd

fhzg;gl;l mt;tPl;il fy;gdhtpw;Fg; gpbj;Jtpl;lJ. jdJ mk;khit

kwe;J ePz;l Neuk; tpisahbdhs;.

mtsJ GJ mk;khTk;> mg;ghTk; ,tis kpfTk; md;Gld; elj;jpdu;.

,tsJ MirAk; epiwNtwpaJ.

mjhtJ> ghlrhiyf;Fr; nrd;W kw;w gps;isfisg;Nghy; ,tSk;

Mu;tkhff; fw;whs;.

,tspw;F Njitahd midj;Jg;nghUl;fSk; mt;tPl;by; ,Ue;jd. ,t;thW>

kfpo;r;rpNahLk; FJ}fyj;NjhLk; tho;e;Jte;j fy;gdhtpw;F xUjk;gpAk;

jq;ifAk; fpilj;Jtpl;ldu;.

Mdhy; jq;ifAk; jk;gpAk; gpwe;jjpd; gpd;du; mg;gh ,tsplk; fhl;ba

md;G Fiwe;J nfhz;Nl nrd;wNj jtpu mjpfupf;ftpy;iy. ,t;tPl;by;

,tSf;F md;G fhl;LtJ mts; mk;kh kl;Lk;jhd;.

ghlrhiyapy; mtSila ngau; fy;gdh vd;wJ kiwe;J ‘jj;Jg;gps;is@ vd midtUk; miof;f Muk;gpj;Jtpl;ldu;.

fy;gdhtpid mtsJ mk;khtpw;Fk; gpbf;Fk;. MdhYk; kw;wtu;fisg;

Nghd;W jdf;Fk; ghrk; fhl;Ltjpy;iyjhd; jdJ mk;khtpd; md;Gg;

]k; ]k;59


xt;nthUKiwAk; jk;gpf;Fk; jq;iff;Fk; kl;LNk mg;gh czT thq;fp

tUthu;.

mNj Nghd;W> ehisAk; thq;fp tUthu;.

fy;gdhtpd; ,jak; ghwhq;fy;yhf fdj;jJ. cz;ikahd je;ijg;ghrj;jpw;fhf

fy;gdh mOjNjapy;iy. tsu;g;Gg;gps;is vd;gjhy; jhd; vd; je;ij

vd;id xJf;fpitf;fpd;whu; vd epidf;Fk; NghJ gpQ;Rg;gwit rpwF

cile;Jtpl;l Ntjid Vw;gl;lJ. ,g;gbahdnjhU Jauf;fzk;jhd;

ek;ik tPo;j;jp tpLfpwJ. gpd; nfhd;WtpLfpwJ. jw;nfhiy nra;gtu;fs;

Nfhiofsy;y. Nfhioahf;fg;gl;ltu;fs;. fy;gdh Gj;jfg; igapid

vLj;jhs;. vOj Muk;gpj;jhs;. Ngdh rptg;g epwj;jpy; vOjpaJ.

‘vd; tsu;g;G mk;khtpw;F’

cq;fNky vdf;F Nfhgkpy;iy> mg;gh Nkyjhd; Nfhgk;. vd;id Vd; jj;J

vLj;jPq;f. ehd; Vd; cq;f gps;isahf gpwf;fy;y. mg;gh vy;NyhuplKk;

md;ghfj;jhd; cs;shu;. vd;idj;jtpu. cq;fstpl;Ll;Lg; NghNwd;kh vdJ

mk;kh yl;Rkpl;lAk; ,g;gbj;jhd; nrhy;ypl;L cq;fNshl te;j kWgbAk;

cq;ffpl;l nrhy;Nwd;. ehd; NghNwd;. cq;f fdtpy; tUNtd; mk;kh….

filrpah cq;fSf;F 100000 Kj;jq;fs;

‘fy;gdh’

fz;zPu;j;Jsp fbjj;jpw;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itj;jJ. ,lJ ifia tpupj;Jg;

ghu;j;jhs;. J}f;f khj;jpiufs; nts;is clk;NghL gspr;rpl;ld. fz;zhb

fpsh]py; jz;zPu; vLj;J te;jhs;. mg;ghitj;jtpu midtiuAk;

ghu;j;Jtpl;Lte;jhs;. lhLitAk; $l. khj;jpiufNshL tho;itg; ghu;j;J

Gd;difj;jhs;. cs;sq;ifapypUe;J xt;nthU khj;jpiuahf thapypl;L

jz;zPu; Fbj;jhs;. kuzj;ijj; jtpu fz;zhb Nghd;W kdk; ntWikahf

,Ue;jJ mtSf;F.

‘fz;zhb fpsh]py; Xuq;fs; kl;Lk; mtSf;fha; cUfp mOtJ Nghd;W

Njhd;wpaJ’

Kw;Wk;.


cWg;ngOj;Jg; Nghl;b - rpNu\;l gpupT


nry;tp. Nf.vk;.vg;. ep`;yh

kl;/kk/ kpy;yj; kfspu; tpj;jpahyak;.

]k; ]k;60


capuwpNad; nka;awpNad;

cau;nka; naOj;jwpNad;

nrhy;ywpNad; mirawpNad;

nrhy;yhl;rp jhdwpNad;

FwpywpNad; nebywpNad;

Fw;nwOj;Jj; jhdwpNad;

jisawpNad; njhilawpNad;

jf;fnkhopj; jpwdwpNad;

fUtwpNad; tpskwpNad;

fUtpsNkh jhdwpNad;

NjdwpNad; khtwpNad;

Njkhq;fdp jhdwpNad;

$tpoNkh GspkhNth

$LtJk; ehdwpNad;

fhR> kyu;> gpwg;G

fdtpYNk mwpNad; ehd;

fypg;ghNth ntz;ghNth

fspnebNyh apitnahd;Wk;

vdf;Fj; njupahJ

vd;whYnkhU ftpQd; ehd;

CUf;Fs; vj;jidNah

cUg;gbfs; mikjpnfhs;s

NgUf;F Kd;dhy;

ngau;Nghl;Lf; nfhz;ltd; ehd;

vd;d ,Ue;jhYk;

vidnaz;zp vs;shky;

nghd;dh ilnahd;W

Nghu;j;Jq;fs; ehd;kfpo

ePz;lehs; <wyij

epiwNtW nkd;whf;fhy;

jdpj;jdpaha; md;gspg;G

jq;fSf;F ehd;jUNtd;

vd;Wjpd nkz;zp

vjpu;ghu;j; jiyfpd;w

jk;gpaNu rw;W

jkpiog; gbAq;fs;

nghd;dhil G+khiy

Gfo;tpUe;J ew;rhd;W

mj;jidAk; NjbtUk;

mtjpg;gl Ntz;lhk;fhz;.

(ghtyu; rhe;jp KifjPd;)

ehDnkhU ftpQd;

]k; ]k;61


khw;wq;fis vjpu;nfhs;Sk; khdpl tho;T

fhyNthl;lj;Jld; njhlu;e;J nry;Yk; khdpl tho;T gy khw;wq;fisAk;

jd;Dld; gadpf;fr;nra;fpwJ. mtw;iw rpwe;j Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jp

rhjfkhf;fpf; nfhs;tJk; jPa Kiwfspy; gad;gLj;jp ghjfkhf;fpf;

nfhs;tJk; vk; iftrNk ‘khw;wk; xd;Wjhd; tho;tpy; khwhJ epiyahf epw;ff; $baJ’ vd;w ngUk;ghyhNdhupd; fUj;Jk; r%fj;jpy; cyhtf;

$baJ. ,jid ,t;tplj;jpy; epidT $u;tJ rpwg;ghdjhFk;.

,t;Tyfk; gilf;fg;gl;l fhyk; Kjy; ,d;W tiu vj;jidNah

khw;wq;fSf;Fl;gl;L fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. jpz;kk;> jputk;> thA Nghd;w

rlg;nghUl;fshy; epiwe;J fhzg;gLk; ,g;G+kpapNy gy khw;wq;fs;

epfo;e;jpUf;Fk; nghOJ mNj G+kpapy; thOk; capUs;s mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf

gFj;jwpTs;s kdpjdpd; tho;tpNy vt;tsT khw;wq;fs; epfo;e;jpUf;Fnkd;gJ

vz;zpf; fzf;fpl KbahjJ.

kdpjd; Muk;gj;jpy; ,g; G+kpapy; ntWk; jirg;gpz;lkhfg; gilf;fg;gl;lhd;.

gpd;du; mtd; jd;id ,dg; ngUf;fpf; nfhz;L FLk;gq;fshf gy FLk;gq;fs;

Nru;e;J rKjhakhfpd. ve;jnthU kdpjDk; jdpj;J tho;e;jpl KbahJ.

,JNt rKfk; cUthFtjw;F mbg;gilf; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,t;thW

rKjhakhfpa kdpjd; jdJ khdj;ij kiwg;gjw;fhfTk;> ghJfhg;ghf

tho;tjw;fhfTk;> jdJ clypaw; Njitfis epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhfTk;

,aw;ifia ehbdhd;. Muk;gj;jpy; ,iy Fiofis MilahfTk;

kug;nghe;JfisAk; FiffisAk; ciwtplkhfTk;> kpUfq;fisAk;

gwitfisAk; Ntl;ilahb czTf;fhfTk; gad;gLj;jpdu;. ,jid

Ntuhff; nfhz;L ,jpypUe;J Muk;gpj;j khw;wq;fs; jw;NghJ gy

etPd MilfshfTk;> khl khspiffshfTk;> cldb czTfshfTk;

khw;wkile;Js;sd. ,t;thwhd khw;wq;fSf;Fs; rk;gpujhaq;fSk;

fyhrhuq;fSk; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd.

rKfq;fs; Njhd;wpa Ntisapy; kdpjupd; Mspilj; njhlu;G fhuzkhf

xUtiu xUtu; Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;bNal;gl;lJ. Gupe;J nfhs;sif

rPuhf ,y;yhtpbd; Kuz;ghLfSk;> gpur;rpidfSk; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd.

Kuz;ghLfSk;> gpur;rpidfSk; Vw;gl;l rKfj;ij xU fl;Lf;Nfhg;Gf;Fs;

nfhz;Ltu kak; Njhd;wpaJ. rkaq;fs; %yk; rk;gpujhaq;fSk;>


fl;Liug; Nghl;b - fdp\;l gpupT(gpuNjr kl;lk;: 1k; ,lk;)

vk;. NI. ghj;jpkh mg;wh;> juk; - 13

kl;/kk/ kPuh ghypfh kfh tpj;jpahyak; (Nj.gh)

]k; ]k;62


fyhrhuKk; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd. rkaq;fs; kdpj tho;it newpg;gLj;jTk;>

xOf;fj;ijg; Nghjpf;fTk; Njhd;wpait. rka tpOkpaq;fisg; NgZtjd;

%yk; tho;fifia nrg;gdpl;Lf; nfhs;s KbAk;. ,jidNa ‘rkakpd;Nwy; tho;tpy;iy’ vDk; njhlu; tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.

xt;nthU rkaq;fSk; xt;nthU tpjkhd rk;gpujhaq;fisAk;>

fyhrhq;fisAk; gpd;gw;Wfpd;wd. tzf;f topghl;L Kiw> jpUkzr; rlq;F

Kiw> G+g;nga;jy; rlq;F> nghOJNghf;F Kiw vd;gd Muk;gfhyj;jpy;

kpfTk; fz;zpakhf filg;gpbf;fg;gl;L te;jd. Mdhy; fw;fhyj;jpy;Nyh

mit ‘khWjy; ,e;j [fj;jpd; KjyhtJ tpjp’ vd;w ghujpahupd;

$w;Wf;fpzq;f khwp tUfpd;wJ.

Muk;gj;jpy; fhyq;fspy; jkpou; gz;ghl;L tpOkpaq;fis xU jpUkz

epfo;tpNyNa fz;L nfhs;syhk;. jpkzj;ij Mapuk; fhyj;Jg; gapu; vd

tu;zpj;jdu;. jpUkzj;jpw;F Kjy; ehs; rlq;Ffs;> ge;jw;fhy; eLjy;>

kzkfd; - kzkfs; tpisahl;Lf;fs; Nghd;wd eilngw;W ntF

tpku;irahf jpUkzq;fs; eilngWk;. ,];yhkpa rk;gpujhaq;fspd;

gb ngz;fs; miog;G> ngz;$l;Ljy;> tyPkh vd jpUkzr; rlq;Ffs;

eilngWk;. Mdhy; jw;fhyj;jpy; ghlrhiy tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;b Nghy;

xNu ehspy; jpUkzk; Kbe;J tpLtjjhfr; RUq;fptpl;lJ.

,Nj Nghy; jhd; ngz;fsJ g+g ;nga;jy; rlq;F KiwfSk;

khw;wkile;Js;sd. Muk;gfhyj;jpy; xU ngz; gUt taij mjhtJ

taJf;F te;jhy; rk;gpujhaq;fspd; gb kQ;rs; ePuhl;Ljy;> rj;JzTfs;

cz;zf;nfhLj;jy; Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F tPl;bw;Fs; itj;jpUj;jy;

vd;gd epfo;j;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;iwg; ngz; mbikj;jdk; vdf; $WtJ

khw;whd;fSila fUj;jhFk;. ,itNa r%fj;jpy; ngz;fSf;Fs;s

me;j];j;ij mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. mdhy; jw;fhyj;jpNyh ngUk;ghyhd

rKjhaq;fspy; ,jid myl;rpakhf epidj;J tpLfpd;wdu.

mJ kl;Lky;yhky; rk;gpujhaq;fSk;> fyhrhuq;fSk; r%f tho;f;ifNahL

kl;Lky;yhky; murpay;> tpisahl;L> ,yf;fpaq;fs; Nghd;w gy;NtW

JiwfspYk; Ngzg;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy; mikAk; fhyNthl;lj;jhy;

khw;wj;jpw;F cl;gl;Lj;jhd; tUfpd;wJ. ,it vkJ rKfj;jpy; fz;$L.

murpay; vd;gJ kf;fs; eyDf;fhf ghLgLk; xU nranyhOq;F.

mr;nranyhOq;F Muk;gj;jpy; Kiwahf topg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Mdhy;

jw;fhyj;jpNyh [dehafk; vd;w Nghu;itf;Fs; ,Ue;J nfhz;L ru;thjpfhuk;

elhj;Jk; xd;whf khwpAs;sJ. mNj Nghy; tpisahl;Lf;fspy; $l

Kd;ida fhyq;fspy; nghOJ Nghf;fhf ,Ue;jhYk; rk;gpujhaq;fSk;

fyhrhuKk; nfhz;ljhf fpuhkpag; gz;Gfis ntspg;gLj;jf; $bad.

,yf;fpaq;fs; Muk;gfhyq;fspy; kd;du;fsJk;> ts;sy;fsJk; tPuk;>

nfhil> ehl;L tsk;> vd;gdtw;iw fhl;Ltjd; %yk; fyhrhug;ghuk;gupak;

]k; ]k;63


Ngzg;gLfpwJ. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf esntz;gh> ej;jpf;fyk;gfk; Nghd;wtw;iwf;

Fwpg;gblyhk;. Mdhy; jw;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fNsh ntw;Wr; nrhw;fSld;

rkfhy epfo;TfisAk;> etPdj;Jtj;ijAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,t;thwhf gy;NtW JiwfspYk; khw;wq;fz;L tUk; fyhrhu>

rk;gpujhaq;fs; vt;thW kdpj tho;tpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jfpd;wd?

,k;khw;wq;fSf;Fupa fhuzq;fs; vit? vd Muha;tJ kpfTk;

gad;kpf;fjhf mikAk;.

rk;gpujha fyhrhu khw;wq;fSf;F kpfg; gpujhd fhuzk; ehfupf tsu;r;rpAk;

khw;wq;fSk; MFk;. kdpjdJ rpe;jidj; jpwd; ehSf;f ehs; mjpfupf;ff;

$baJ. ,jd; %yk; mwpT tsu;r;rpapy; kpf;f cj;Ntfj;Jld; nraw;gLk;

kdpjd; fhyj;jpw;Nfw;whw;Nghy; jdJ eil> cil> ghtid kw;Wkd;wp

gof;ftof;fq;fspYk; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhd; Muk;g

fhyq;fspy; tPl;by; eilngwtpUf;Fk; rpy tpohf;fspy; tpUe;jpdu;fis

tuNtw;gjw;fhf gR ku ,iyfs;> kuq;fs; vd;gitfshy; myq;fupj;J

khf;Nfhykpl;L tuNtw;gu;. ehfupf khw;wj;jpd; fhuzkhf jw;fhyj;jpy;

‘Nthu;k;yp nty;fk;’ (Warmly Welcome) vd Mq;fpyj;jpy; xU gyifapy;

vOjptpl;L myq;fhu; glq;fs; Rtupy; xl;b ghuk;gupa rk;gpujha

fyhrhuq;fisg; Gwf;fzpf;fpd;wdu;.


ehl;lhu; ghly; ,irj;jy; - jpwe;j gpupT


[dhg;. V.vy;.vk;. fhypj;


rpj;jpuk; - jpwe;j gpupT


jpUkjp. vr;.A.V. m]P];

Njrpa ,yf;fpa fiyg; ngUtpoh - 2014 rpNu\;l gpupT – ftpij ghly; Nghl;b – Kjyhk; ,lk;

nry;tp. V.Mu;. ghj;jpkh mjPgh

kl;/kk/ kPuh ghypfh Njrpa ghlrhiy> fhj;jhd;Fb.

]k; ]k;64


fpof;F khfhz fiy ,yf;fpag; ngU tpoh - 2014ghlyhf;fk; - rpNu\;l gpupT


nry;tp. V. ,n]l;. vg;. n[a;W}]h

kl;/kk/ kpuh ghypfh Njrpa ghlrhiy

kdpjk; kyul;Lk;

Gdpjk; tsul;Lk;

kz;zpy; kdpjk; kyul;Lk;!

fz;zpy; fUiz ,Uf;fl;Lk;!

jd;dpy; Gdpjk; tsul;Lk;!

jj;Jtk; tho;tpy; epiyf;fl;Lk;!

Ntw;Wik czu;T mopal;Lk;!

Ntjhe;j nfhs;if xopal;Lk;!

xw;Wikf; fPjk; xypfl;Lk;

Xuzpapy; midtUk; Nrul;Lk;!

Nerk; neQ;rpy; gutl;Lk;!

ghrk; cwtpy; glul;Lk;!

Ntrk; vd;Wk; fiyal;Lk;!

Nfhrk; xd;wha; ,Uf;fl;Lk;!

rhjpntwp ePq;fl;Lk;!

ePjp newp Xq;fl;Lk;!

Mjpapiw gilg;gpid

midj;ijAk; xd;whf ghu;f;fl;Lk;!

rhe;jp rkhjhdk; kyul;Lk;!

rftho;T tho;tpy; fpilf;fl;Lk;!

Rje;jpuk; vd;Wk; ,Uf;fl;Lk;!

RgPr;rk; ehSk; Ruf;fl;Lk;!

]k; ]k;65


fpof;F khfhz fiy ,yf;fpag; ngU tpoh - 2014rpWfij - rpNu\;l gpupT


Mjk; nyg;ig ghj;jpkh mg;fh

kl;/kk/ kj;jpa fy;Y}up (Nj.gh)

mkhdpjk;

“r`hdhk;kh…..”

New;W G+uhfTk; vd;Dy;

,Ufpg;NghapUe;j nksdk; tpyfp…@

Kjd; Kjypy; ntspte;j thu;j;ij@

,Njh te;jpl;ld;@

nrhy;ypf; nfhz;Nl Xb te;jts;

nky;ypa %r;rpiwg;Gld; epd;W@

vd; gf;fkhf ePl;ba tyJ ifapy;

filapd; rhtpf; nfhj;J@ xU

rpd;d mjpu;Tld; mts; fz;fisg;

ghu;f;fpNwd;. mjpy; mg;gbnahU

jPu;f;fkhd njspT. vd; iffs;

,uz;ilAk; thQ;irNahl gw;wp

Nklhd jd; tapw;wpy; itj;jhs;…

‘ehd; kl;Lkpy;iy. ,d;\h

my;yh`;. cq;f gps;isAk;

cq;fs GupQ;Rf;Fthd;@ mJ cq;f

fil. mij epkpu;j;j cq;fshy;

KbAk;. my;yh`;l fhtyh

Nghapl;L thq;f’

nte;j neQ;ir kapypwfhy;

jltp tpl;lJ Nghd;w MWjyhd

thu;j;ijfs;. fz;fs; fyq;f mts;

Kfj;ij epkpu;e;J ghu;f;fpNwd;.

r`hdh…. vd; ,uz;lhtJ

kidtp

Kjy; kidtp Kk;jh[;@ mtNshL

fhyq;fisg; gfpu;e;J nfhz;ljpy;

fpilj;j ,uz;L gps;isfs;.

,UtUf;Fk; nrhj;J Nru;j;J

NrhbAk; Nru;j;J@ kidtpiaAk;

kf;fhtpw;F mioj;Jr; nrd;W

my;`k;Jypy;yh`; vd MWjiy

epidj;j NghJjhd; mgiyahf

vd;tho;tpy; te;J Nru;e;jhs;.

r`hdh. Kl;fSk; fw;fSkhd

mts; ghijapy; mts; ngw;Wf;

nfhz;l fhaq;fis mwpe;j

NghJ mjpu;e;J NghNdd;. vd;

kidtpiaAk; kf;fisAk;

G+g;Nghy; ghJfhj;jjpy; ngz;zhfg;

gpwe;jjhdhNyNa mtSf;F

Vw;gl;l Nrhjidfis vd;dhy;

[Puzpf;f Kbahky; NghdJ. mts;

fhaq;fis Mwtpl;L fyq;fiu

xd;iwf; fhl;l Ntz;Lnkd;W jhd;

xU Nfhzj;jpy; Kaw;rpf;f….

mtNsh… fhaq;fSf;F kUe;jhf

vd;idia Nfl;L fz;zPUld;

thjhba NghJ ah my;yh`;! xU

vy;iyf;F Nky; vd;dhy; kWf;f

Kbatpy;iy KO kdNjhL

mtsJ cwit mq;fPfupj;J

nfhz;Nld;.

vd; fl;Lg;ghl;ilAk; kPwp fz;fspy;

Jspu;e;j fz;zPu; Jspfis

jd; iffspdhNyNa Jilj;J

mopj;jts;>

‘ek;gpf;if JNuhfj;jpw;F my;yh`;

jPu;g;gspg;ghq;f. ePq;f vJf;F

]k; ]k;66


fyq;fDk; ahUf;Fk; mepahak;

epidf;fhj cq;f kdRf;F vy;yhk;

ey;y gbahfNt elf;Fk; Nghapl;L

thq;f’

Nehtpidg;gl;l fy;igAk;

r`hdhtpd; ek;gpf;if epiwe;j

thu;j;ijfisAk; Rke;jgb

ntspNawpNdd;.

nkhj;jkhf 5 tUlq;fs;

njhopYf;Fg; Nghf Ntz;Lk; vd;w

vz;zj;NjhL vOk;gp gugug;ghf

ntspf;fpl;L gazk; nra;tij

jtpu;j;J mikjpahf epk;kjpahf

kdjpw;Fg; gpbj;j khu;f;f

tplaq;fspy; <Lgl;L nghOJfis

fopj;Njd;. vy;yhNk Kbe;J

tpl;lJ. ePz;l ngU%r;nrhd;Wld;

gpujhd tPjpia vl;ba vdJ

thfdk; kl;lf;fsg;ig Nehf;fpa

jdJ gazj;ij njhlu;e;jJ.

vj;jidNah jlitfs; ,Nj

ghijahy; ,Nj thfdj;jpy; Ngha;

te;J jhd; ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;. Mdhy;

,ijg; Nghy; fdj;j neQ;irr;

Rke;jgb gazk; nra;jNj

,y;iy. vdJ gazk; Kd;Ndhf;f

epidTfNsh gpd;Ndhf;fp efuj;

njhlq;fpaJ.

‘M]hj;…’ xl;ba tapWk; fyq;fpa fz;fSkhf jdJ

jhAld; vdJ tPl;Lg; gbNawpa

NghJ…@ mtDf;F taJ

gjpide;J vd;why; ahUNk

ek;gkhl;lhu;fs;. tWikAk; grp

gl;bzpAk; mg;gb mtidf;

fopj;Jg; Nghl;bUe;jJ. $lg;

gpwe;j Mz; nrhe;jq;fSkpy;yhky;

ngw;nwOe;j Mz; thuprkpy;yh

Vq;fpf; fple;j vd;dhy; VNdh

mtid epuhfupf;f Kbatpy;iy.

‘nuhk;g f];lg;gu;uk; `h[pahu;.

tapj;Jf;F NrhWk; cLf;f JzpAk;

FLj;jhg; NghJk; mtndz;lhYk;

cq;f filapy nghor;rpf;

fplf;fl;Lk;’

fz; fyq;fpa jhaplk; kWehNs

tur; nrhy;yp topaDg;gp

itf;fpd;Nwd;. kW ehs;

tpbfhiyapNyNa fjT jl;b

gbNawpatid ,Ug;ghl;b tapW

epiwa rhg;gpl nfhLf;Fk; gb

Kk;jh[plk; nrhy;Yfpd;Nwd;.

rhg;gpl;Lf; if fOtp Vg;gk;

tpl;lJjhd; jhkjk; Rw;wpr;

Rod;W mtd; nra;j Ntiy

ntl;bfspy; ehd; kl;Lky;y

Kk;jhN[ Mbg;Nghdhs;. ‘\;\h…

vd;d mUikahd nghbaq;f

tsT $l;b kuk; kl;lf;nfhy;yhk;

jz;zp Cj;jp Vdk; rhkhndy;yhk;

fOtp fhiyapy cs;s

Nty xz;ilAk; cly;yq;f.

vy;yhj;ijAk; Kbr;rpl;lhd;. Mz;

njhizapy;yhj cq;fSf;F

nuhk;gTk; cjtpah ,Ug;ghq;f.

Ms cl;LwhjPq;f.’

Kk;jh[; nrhy;y KjNy vdJ

tpahghu %is mtidf;

fzf;nfLj;J tpl;lJ. nfl;bf;fhud;@

nfhQ;rk; c\huhf;fpa M]

hj; vd;idNa fzf;Fg;

gz;Zthndd;W ahu; fz;lhu;fs;.

Xb Mb nra;Ak; NtiyfspNyNa

xU tUl nghOijf; fopj;jtd;

tPl;by; filapy; kl;Lky;y>

mf;fk; gf;fj;jpYk; mg;gbnahU

ey;y ngaiu thq;fp tpl;lhd;.

‘`h[pahUf;F nflr;rpUf;fhd;

ghUq;f xU nghbad;. ehDk;

tU\f;fzf;fh NjLwd; te;J

]k; ]k;67


xU khrj;Jf;F Nky jhf;Fg;

gpbf;fhDfs; ,y;yNa. nghbad;

Nju;uj;jpyNa nghOnjy;yhk;

NghapLJ’

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]k; ]k;68


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]k; ]k;69


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]k; ]k;70


nfhs;tdT nra;fpd;whd;. me;j

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]k; ]k;71


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]k; ]k;72



ftpij - jpwe;j gpupT


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]k; ]k;73


fpof;F khfhz fiy ,yf;fpag; ngU tpoh - 2014ghly; Mf;fk; - jpwe;j gpupT


vr;.vk;.vk;. ,g;wh`Pk; (ej;tP)

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]k; ]k;74


fpof;F khfhz fiy ,yf;fpag; ngU tpoh - 2014rpWfij - jpwe;j gpupT


jpUkjp. vk;.vk;. ck;K erPyh

‘kW gf;fk;’“fPr;.... fPr;..... fPr;......”

tstpd; Kiyapy; Nghlg;gl;bUe;j

kuf;Fw;wpapd; Nky; mku;e;jpUe;j Rikah

jha;f; NfhopAld; ,iu nghWf;fpf;

nfhz;bUe;j FQ;Rf; Nfhopfspd;

re;Njh\j;Jld; xd;wpg; Ngha; ,Ue;jhs;.

fWg;Gk; nts;isAkhf cs;sq;if

mstpy; jha; fpz;bf; nfhLj;j kz;zpy;

jPidg; nghWf;fpf; nfhz;L rpd;df;

fhs;fs; jiuapy; gl;Lk; glhkYk; gwe;J

nfhz;Lk; jhAlNd jpupe;j FQ;Rfisg;

ghu;f;Fk;NghJ mts; kdRk; g+g;Nghyhfp

tpl;lJ.

gjpndhU Kl;l itr;rp gjpndhd;Dk;

gjpndhd;dh nghupr;rpbr;rp. my;yhl fhtyh

xd;Dk; $yhfy;y. Kl;ljhd; vd;d

tpyah tpf;FJ. ehl;L Kl;l gj;J &th.

1 nghupr;r FQ;rpy xU MNuO ehl;Lf;

Nfhopah te;jhYk; NghJNk> nuz;l

rhtYf;F kpupf;fpwJf;F cl;Lg; Nghl;L

kj;jj mWj;jhf;fpj; jpd;dyhk;......”

fzf;Fg; gz;zpa gbNa Nfhopf; $l;ilj;

jpwe;J tpl;l Rikahtpd; ck;kh mtisg;

ghu;j;J> “,Q;r ghU....! mq;fhy ,q;fhy

efu;e;jpuhj fLtndy;yhk; jpupAJ.

fz;Zy kz;zj; J}tpl;L nfhz;L

NghapLk;. S`{U (kjpaj; njhOiff;

Fupa Neuk;) kl;by Vj;jp mlr;rpg; Nghl;L

tpba nts;sd Mf;fpd fwp #lhf;fp... xU

%D Rz;L mupirAk; mupr;rpg; Nghl;LU....

uhitf;Fk; gfiyf;Fkh fplf;Fk;.

fhzhl;b Gl;l fpl;l

js;syhk;.....” nrhy;ypf; nfhz;Nl $ilf;Fs;

fj;jup ntz;bnad;W

fha;fwpfisnay;yhk;

mLf;fp> Nkyhy; ty;yhiu>

nghd;dhq;fhzp Nghd;w.

fPiufisAk; gug;gpf;

nfhz;L thry; Nfw;wbf;Fg;

Nghdts; epd;W>

“ehd; Nghdhg; nghwF fzf; nfLf;f mJf;

nfz;L ahuhr;Rk; te;jhq;

nfz;lh ntspapy itr;Nr

gjpiyr; nrhy;Y. Ntw

Vjhr;Rk; Nfl;lhq;nfz;lh

ck;kh te;jJf;Fg; nghwF

thq;nfz;L nrhy;Y.

te;J thry; fjt ey;yh

rhj;jpf;f.”

,njy;yhk; jpdrup nrhy;Yk;

rq;fjpjhndd;whYk;

mnjd;dNkh Rikahtpd;

ck;khf;F jpUg;jpNa

Vw;glhJ. mtSk;

me;j taij jhz;b

te;jtshr;Nr. vd;dndd;d

,lu;fis re;jpj;jhNsh?

thoh ntl;bahd kfis

jdpNa tpl;Lg; Nghw

kdr;RikiaAk; Nru;j;Jj;

]k; ]k;75


J}f;fp jiyapy; Rke;jgb Njhdhr; re;ijia

Nehf;fp eilia fl;bdhs;. ck;kh nrhd;d

gbNa thry; fjit ,Wfr; rhj;jp tpl;L

kuf;Fw;wpd; kPJ te;jku;e;j Rikah

nehbf;nfhU juk; gf;fj;J tPl;L NtypapNyNa

fz;izg; gjpj;J vLj;jhs;. tpid thry;

fjthy; kl;Lky;y gf;fj;J tPl;L NtypahYk;

tUnkd;gJ ghtk; Rikahtpd; ck;khf;F

njupahkNy Ngha; tpl;lJ.

xU gj;Jg; gjpide;J epkp\k;

fopj;jpUf;Fk;.....> Ntypnah ukhff; Nfl;l

“];... ];... ];...” rj;jj;jpw;F Kfk;

jpUk;gpats;; #upa fhe;jpaha; kyu;e;J

Nghdhs;. Ntypf;F Nkyhy; njupe;j

Kfk; ,];]j;JilaJ. nfhQ;r ehsha;

mtSf;fpUf;Fk; xNu MWjy; mtd;jhd;.

“nfhQ;rk; nghWq;f Nfhopnay;yhk; milr;rpg;

Nghl;L thud;” vd;W irifahNyNa gjpy; nrhd;dts; guguntd;W fhupaj;ij

Kbj;Jtpl;L mtrukhf NtypNahuj;jpw;F

efu;e;jhs;. mts; clk;gpy; eLf;fk;>

Kfj;jpy; gjw;wk;. mtis me;jf; Nfhyj;jpy;

ghu;g;gjw;F ,];]j;jpw;Nf gupjhgkhf

,Ue;jJ.

“vd;d eLf;fkh....r;Nra;! Rj;j gl;bf; fhl;Lg; nghk;Gsjhd; eP.... gofj; njhlq;fp vt;tsT

ehshr;R ,d;Dk; eLf;fpf;fpl;L.....”

“nuz;L ehsh vq;f fhzk;. vdf;fpl;lAk;

nrhy;yhk vq;f Nghd ePq;f.

kzpj;jpahsf;fzf;fpy; ehd; fhj;Jf;

fple;jJjhd; kpr;rk;. ,dpk ,g;gpb

gz;zhjPq;f. vd;dhy jhq;Nfyhkf; fplf;F...” mOifAld; Rikah nrhy;yp Kbf;fTk;

,];]j; kdjpw;Fs; tprpybj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;.

“X! mjf; Nff;fpupah? mtru Ntiyah

Rg`{ Neuk; ntspf;fpl;l gazk; mJ. me;j

Neuj;jpy cd;dl;l vg;gbr; nrhy;wJ.... te;J

nrhy;yyhnkd;L Nghapl;ld;. nuz;L ehsh

cd;df; fhzhjJ vdf;Fk; f\;lkhfj;jhd;

,Ue;jpr;rp. rup... rup ,e;jh Nghd ,lj;jpy

cdf;fhf ghu;j;Jg;

ghu;j;J Ntz;bdJ....”

“vd;dJ....”

“ifa ePl;b thq;fpj;jhd; ghud; vd;ndz;L...”

Ntypf;F Nkyhy; ,];]

j; ePl;ba Ngf;if Ntz;b

jpwe;J ghu;j;jts;.

“vd;lg; Nga;....! vdf;F thzhk; thg;gh.

vq;f ck;kh

fz;lhq;nfz;lh

mt;tsTjhd;

vd;df; nfhd;Nd

Nghl;LUthq;f....”

jpwe;J ghu;j;j

Ntfj;jpNyNa Rikah

jpUk;gpf; nfhLj;J tpl

,];]j;jpd; Kfk; thb

tpl;lJ. “vd;d Gs;s; cdf;nfz;LjhNd

thq;fpdd;. jiyapy

Fj;JwJf;F ];iyLfs;

fpspg;Gfs; Ig;Nuh

ngd;rpy; ifNyQ;rp. ehd;

Ntw ahUf;F nfhz;L

Ngha; FLf;fg; Nghwd;.

vk; kdr GupQ;rpf;f

khl;Nlq;fpwpNa.....” Gs;s vd;W mioj;J Mjq;fj;

NjhL Nfl;l ,];]

j;jpd; md;gpy; rikah

fiue;J Nghdhs;.

“nrup... nrup jhq;f..... Mdh xU fz;b\d;

fypahzj;Jf;Fg;

nghwFjhd;

,ijnay;yhk; ehd;

]k; ]k;76


NghLNtd;. ,g;g mbg;nghl;bapy

itr;rp g+l;bLNtd;. vd;ly;yh`;!

cq;fNshl epz;lh Neuk; nghwNj

njupapuy;y. rpd;dj;jk;gp Ne]

upahy ,g;g te;jpUthd;. ehisf;F

re;jpf;fyhk;. ehd; Nghwd; thg;gh…

Rikah…. Va; Rikah…!

mtd; miog;gpw;F Rikah

jpUk;gtpy;iy. nghOjwpahky;

mtDld; epd;W fijg;gjw;F

mtSf;Fk; Mirjhd;. Mdhy;

rpd;dj;jk;gp tUtjw;fpilapy;

mLg;gb Ntiyia Muk;gpf;f

Ntz;Lk;. ,y;yhtpl;lhy; ck;kh

te;jTld; “ehd; te;jJf;F nghwFjhd; uhj;jh Nrhwhf;fj;

njhlq;fpdh” vd;W Nfhy; %l;b

tpLthd;. mt;tsT FRk;gd; mtd;.

ck;khtpd; neUg;Gg; ghu;itia

epidj;jhNy RikahTf;Fg;

gak;jhd;. guguntd;W mLg;ig

%l;bats; Ntiyfspy;

%o;fpg;Nghdhs;.

rpd;dj;jk;gp vd;W nry;ykhf

miof;fg;gLk; kh[pj; gpwe;J

MW khjj;jpNyNa khwilg;ghy;

je;ijia ,oe;j FLk;gk; mJ.

%j;j ,uz;L Mz;gps;isfSk;

gpwF tupirahf ehO ngz;fs;

filf;Fl;bjhd; kh[pj;.

thg;gh ,Uf;Fk; NghNj f\;lg;gl;L

%j;jtis xU khjpup xg;Ngj;jp

vLf;f> %j;kfd; FLk;gj;Jf;Fj;

njupahky; xUj;jpNahL

Ngha;Nru;e;J nfhz;lhd;. nghl;lg;

Gs;isfisg; gj;jp epidf;fhky;

nghz;lhl;b Nff;Fjh me;j

jWjiyf;Fd;D! mtid

jiyKOfp tpl;ljhf thg;gh

vy;NyhUf;Fk; nrhy;yptpl;lhu;.

mj;NjhL %j;j kfd; cwT

rup. ,uz;lhktd; ,g;wh`pk;

$lg; nghwe;jJ. fnsz;lh

neQ;rpy mg;gbnahU ghrk;. ‘ ,g;gbnahU Gs;isiag; nghw

nfhLj;Jitr;rpUf;NfhDk;fh…!

vd;w mbf;fb nrhy;ypf;nfhs;gtu;

Ntnwe;jf; nfhLg;gpidAk;

fhzhkNyNa Nfha;r; Nru;e;J

tpl;lhu;. “ nghl;lg;Gs;isfshfNt my;yh`; je;Jl;lhNd” vd;W khupYk; kbapYk; mbj;Jf; fjwpa

Rikahtpd; ck;kh fhyg; Nghf;fpy;

Njwp FLk;gr; Rikapy; kfNdhL

jhDk; gq;nfLf;fj; njhlq;fp

tpl;lhs;. kfd; ,g;wh`Pk;> jkpo;

rdk; ,Uf;Fk; gf;fk; Ngha; kypT

nghopthf thq;fp tUk; kuf;fwp

fPiu fpoq;F tiffis re;ijf;F

nfhz;L nrd;W tpw;W tUthd;.

re;ij tpahghuk; Kbe;J tPl;Lf;F

te;jhndd;why; rhg;gpl;L xU

Fl;bj;J}f;fKk; Nghl;Ltpl;L

kpy;Yg;gf;fk; Ngha;tpLthd;.

mq;NfAk; gyjuj;J Ntiyfs;…..

fpoik Kba xU fzf;F tUk;.

jhAk; kfDk; FUtp Nrf;fpug;Nghy

Nru;j;J tPl;L NtiyiaAk;

Kbj;njLj;J Rikahf;F

fhyfhj;jpy; xU fypahzKk;

gz;zp itj;jhu;fs;. %d;Nw

khjj;J tho;f;if jhd;. xU

Ml;NlhTf;F nrhe;jf;fhudhd

Rikahtpd; GU\d;.

“fly; tUFJ…… fly;

tUFnjd;W….” Jz;NlhLk;

JzpNahLk; njhg;gyhf

eide;J kf;fs; xb te;j NghJ

Fbj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;j Njapiy

]k; ]k;77


fpshir kidtpaplk; ePl;b

“vd;d Gjpdkhff; fplf;F Gs;s. fly; tUFnjd;W rdnky;yhk;

Xb tUFJ. `ahj;jpyAk;

Nfs;tpg;glhj rq;fjpahff; fplf;F.

ehd; vd;ndd;L Ngha; ghu;j;jpl;L

thud;” vd;w nrhy;yp tpl;Lg; Nghdtd; tuNtapy;iy” 26.12.2004 fly; Nfhs; mdu;j;jj;jpy;

kuzpj;jtu;fs;” gl;baypy; Rikahtpd; GU\dpd; ngaUk;

Nru;e;J nfhz;lJ. %d;Nw khjj;J

tho;f;if….. Mokhf my;y

,Nyrhf ntd;whYk; gjpa Kjy;

tpjp mbj;Jg; gwpj;Jf;nfhz;L

Ngha;tpl;lJ. xU vy;iyf;Fs;

tsu;e;j mtSf;F clk;G njhl;l

RfKk; xU rpy gupkhw;wq;fSNk

epidtpy; epd;wd.

ehYkhrKk; gj;J ehSk;

nksj;jhd GU\Df;fhf gpw

Mz;fisj; jtpu;j;jpUe;J ,j;jhf;

flikia epiwNtw;wp ntspahfpa

Rikahf;F xU tpj Mjq;fNk

kdjpy; vQ;rpapUe;jJ. vjdhYNk

mtis Mw;w Kbatpy;iy.

xU ehs; NtypNahuk; mioj;j

,];]j;jpd; Kfk;…. Fu;Md;

kj;u]htpy; mtNshL $l

Xjpa ez;gd; $g;gpl;L Rfk;

tprhupj;J Nrhfk; tpdtpa

NghJ cile;J Nghdhs;……

X….d;W khu;kb jhq;fhky; mts;

fjw mtd; nrhd;d MWjy;

thu;j;ijfspy;…. mts; md;G

gpuptpy; nefpo;e;J Nghdhs;…

mtid re;jpf;Fk; nrhw;g Neuj;ij

epidj;Jf;nfhz;Nl kWgbAk;

re;jpf;Fk; Neuj;Jf;fhf fhj;jpUf;fj;

njhlq;fpdhs;.

md;iwa nghOJ ,uthfpg;NghdJ.

vy;yhUk; J}q;fpa gpd;

tpahghuf;fzf;F tof;Ffis

vy;yhk; ghu;j; Kbj;j ,g;wh`PKk;

J}q;Fk; gha;f;Fg; Ngha;tpl;lhd;.

rpy nehbfs; jhd; mtdJ

Fwl;ilr; rj;jj;jhy; epiwe;J

NghdJ. Fwl;ilr;rj;jk; Nfl;lhy;

,g;wh`Pk; Mo;e;J J}q;Ffpd;wh

ndd;W mu;j;jk;. jdpaiwf;Fs;

gLj;Jf; fple;j Rikahf; nfd;why;

J}f;fNk tutpy;iy. kdk;

epidTfspy; miyf; fope;jJ.

vOe;J nky;y mYkhupia jpwe;J

ifePl;b vLf;fpd;whs;. GU\

dpd; Nrl;Lk; rhuDk; fly;te;j

md;W fhiy “,jnay;yhk; fOtpg;NghLq;f Gs;s” vd;W ifapy; je;j cLg;G mtNd Nghd

gpwF fOthky; mij mg;gbNa

itj;J mOkhupapy; gj;jpug;gLj;jp

tpl;lhy;. Kfk; KOtijak; mij

mOj;jpats; GU\dpd; clk;G

thrk; mjpy; gpbgl nghq;fpg;

nghq;fp moj; njhlq;fpdhs;.

“gs;s…… Gs;s vz;L $g;gpl;L

vd;df; nfhz;lhbdPq;fNs.

,Ug;gpq; nfz;LjhNd ,Ue;jd;.

,g;gb ,ilapNyNa tpl;bl;Lg;

Nghapl;Bq;fNs” mOjOJ Nrhu;e;J

NghdtSf;F J}f;fk; kl;Lk;

tutpy;iy. ,];]j;jpd; cwTf;Fg;

gpwF kdr;Rik $bg; Nghdij

czu;e;jhs;.

gf;fj;jpy; gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jhYk;

me;j tPl;bf;Fk; ,e;j tPl;bf;Fk;

RKfkhd cwtpy;iy.

“mtq;nfy;yhk; gbr;rtq;f>

mtq;fl gtUk; nytYk;

mtq;fNys. ek;kl Rz;lYk;

NrhWk;jhd; ekf;Fg; ngupR…

ekf;fpl;l ,y;ynaz;lhYk;

mtq;ffpllnay;yhk; Nfl;Lg;Nghfhk

]k; ]k;78


my;yh`; fhg;ghNjhDk;.

fz;lhg;NghJk; Kfj;j vd;d J}f;f

J}f;fpf;fpwh…”

Rikahtpd; ck;kh mbf;fb

Gyk;gpf;nfhs;ths;. cz;ikjhd;

,];]j;jpd; uhj;jhTk;

cj;jpNahfj;jpw;F Nghfpwts;fs;.

my;yry; kdpjiuf;fz;lhy; ,];]

j;jpd; uhj;jh kupahijf;fhtJ

nfhQ;rk; rpupj;J itf;f khl;lhy;.

gf;fj;J gf;fj;jpy NtW

,Ue;jjhy; Ntypg;gpur;rpid Fg;ig

nfhl;Lk; gpur;rpidnad;W ,U

FLk;gj;jpw;Fs;Sk; Mapuj;njl;L

kd];jhgq;fs;. “mtq;fNshl

ey;yh ,Uf;fpw NtyNa thdhk;” vd;W Rikahtpd; ck;kh

xJq;fpNatpl;lhs;.

,j;jidf;F kj;jpapYk; ,];]

j;jpd; thu;j;ijfisj;jhd; Rikah

kiynad ek;gpf; nfhz;lbUe;jhs;.

“vJf;F Rikah fz;lijnay;yhk;

epdr;rp ftiyg;gu;Nu… cdf;F

ehd; vdf;F eP. mt;tsTjhd;

fhyk; tul;Lk; nrhy;ypg;ghg;gd;.

,y;yhl;b ehNd ntspf;fpl;L

cq;f tPl;Lf;F te;jpUtd;.

Vw;fdNt vd; kdrpy ,Uf;fpw

fty f];lnky;yhk; Nghjhjh?

mijnay;yhk; kwf;fDk;. eP

re;Njh\khf ,Uf;fDnkz;LjhNd

cq;$l gofNt Muk;gpr;rd;.

cd;d kfhuhzp khjpup

vg;gbnay;yhk; re;Njh\khf

itr;rpUf;NfhDnkz;L fw;gid

gz;zpapUf;fd; njupAkh?”

mtd; czu;r;rp trg;gl;L fz;fs;

fyq;f nrhy;Yk; NghJ Rikahtpd;

gytPdq;fnsy;yhk; kz;bapl;LtpLk;.

GU\id ,oe;j vd;dpy; ,t;tsJ

md;G itj;jpUf;fhNu vd;W

epidj;J epidj;J re;Njhrg;gl;Lf;

nfhs;ths;.

“ah my;yh`;! vd;idAk;

,];]j;ijAk; ve;jg;

gpur;rpidAkpy;yhky; xd;dh Nru;j;J

it. ,e;j tho;ifnaz;lhYk;

vdf;F epiyf;fdk;. mtu;u

kbapyjhd; vd;l rptd; NghfDk;” mOjOJ my;yh`;tplk;

,iwQ;rpats; mg;gbNa J}q;fpAk;

Nghdhs;. ,];]j;jpd; MWjypYk;

ek;gpf;ifahd thu;j;ijfspYk;

Rikahtpd; ehl;fs; efu;e;J

nfhz;bUe;jJ.

xU ehs;… “ nfhOk;Gf;F

nyhwpapy NghwJf;F xU ghu;l;b

$g;gpLJk;kh. nuz;L ehs;jhd;.

jq;fp te;jh Vjhr;Rk; fdkh

kpQ;rk;. vd;dj;Njb thutq;fpl;l

tp\aj;j nrhy;ypLq;f”

vd;W ,g;wh`Pk; xU

tpbaw;fhiyapy ntspf;fpl;Lg;

Ngha;tpl;lhd;. Rikahtpd;

ck;khTk; “,z;ilf;F ehd;

re;ijf;F Nghfy;y Gs;s> kpy;yp

nfhQ;rk; Nty fplf;nfz;L

Kjyhsp Neuj;NjhNlNa tur;

nrhd;dtu;. fhf;fhTk; gazk;

nga;j;jhd; jhNd. ngup;rh

xd;Lk; Mf;fj;Njty;y. fplf;fpw

fUthl;lg;Nghl;L ciwr;r fwp

Mf;fp> jiyay gpr;Rg;Nghl;L xU

nrhjpit NghJk;. ehd; kj;jpahdk;

rhg;ghl;Lf;F tukhl;ld;. nfhQ;rk;

Nrhj;jg;Nghl;Lf; fl;lb jq;fr;rpf;

fpl;l xU Kbr;rpl;L MWkzp

Nghyjhd; tUtd; ftdkh

,Ue;Jf;f…”

FLk;gr; RikAld; ciof;Fk;

]k; ]k;79


NjitAk; me;jj;jha;f;F. xNu

%r;rpy; kfsplk; vy;yhtw;iwAk;

xg;gilj;Jtpl;Lg; Ngha; tpl;lhs;.

guguntd;W.

fhupak; ghu;j;J jq;iffisAk;

jk;gpiaAk; mDg;gptpl;L

mLg;gbf;Fs; Eioe;jhs;

Rikah. “Kjy;y Mf;fpw

Ntya Kbf;fDk;. mg;gjhd;

kj;j Ntyay nghwF epk;kjpah

nra;ayhk;. ‘Fdpe;J fUthl;il vLj;jts; Frpdp thrypy; epoyhl

epkpu;e;J ghu;j;J mjpu;e;J Nghdhs;.

“,];]j;… eP…. ePq;f…. ah

my;yh`;… vg;gb vg;gb te;jPq;f

ahuhr;Rk; fz;lh… vd;l nry;y

u`;khNd… vd;d fhupak;

gz;zPzPq;f…”

clk;Gk; kdRk; xU Nru rikah

gjwj; njlq;fptpl;lhs;.

“vd;d Rikah vt;tsT f\;lg;gl;L topnaLj;J

te;jpUf;fd;. thq;nfz;L

$g;gply;yhl;bAk; guthy;y… Ngh

vd;L njhwj;jpLtha; Nghy fplf;Nf.

ehDk; vd; nghz;lhlbAk; FLk;gk;

elj;jg;Nghw khspifa ehd;

ghu;f;f Ntzhkh. mjhd; JzpQ;rp

te;jpl;ld;….”

nrhy;ypf;nfhz;Nl cs;Eioe;J

vy;yhtw;iwAk; Nehl;lkpl;ltd;>

guthy;yNa nuhk;g mofh Jg;guth

tPl;l itr;rpUf;Nf. ,q;fjhd;

kfhuhzpahl;lk; cd;dg; g+g;Nghy

ghJfhf;fg; Nghwdhf;Fk;. Va;….!

vd;dlh gae;jpl;bah…? cd;d

fypahzk; Kbr;rp rj;jpakh

ey;yh itr;Rf;Ftd;. va;…..

vd;dlh? Vf;fj;NjhL Nfl;L

mtis neUq;fpatd; gaj;jpy;

tpau;ejpUe;j mtsJ new;wpiaj;

Jilj;J Kfj;ij tUb>

gytPdq;fisnay;yhk; J}z;bj;J}

z;b jd; gyj;ij ep&gpf;f Jzpe;j

nehbapy;… njUf;fjtpy Nfl;l

rj;jk;….

“uhj;jh… uhj;Njh….t! te;J

RUf;fh fjtj; njhutd;…. uhj;jh

thupah…. ehd;jhd; rpd;dj; jk;gp

te;jpUf;fd;… te;J fjtj;

njhwtd;…”

vg;gbg; Ngha; fjitj;

jpwe;jhnsd;W mtSf;Nf njupa

tpy;iy. tpu;nwd cs;Ns te;j

rpd;dj; jk;gp tpuy;fshy; nuz;ilf;

fhl;b….

“fhiyapy; Nghfy;y vyh@ Ne]upapy tr;rp tapj;j typf;f

njhlq;fpl;L Br;ru; tPl;l Nghd;D

nrhy;yplh….”

Nghl;bUe;j fyprhid fow;wp

vwpe;J tpl;L Gof;filg;gf;fk;

XbagbNa nrhy;ypf;nfhz;L

Nghdhd; rpd;dj;jk;gp. Rikahf;F

vJTNk Gupatpy;iy. gpuik

gpbj;jijg;NghypUf;f kuf;Fw;wpapy;

,Ue;J tpl;lhs;. ,];]j;ijf;

fhztpy;iy. %iyg; gf;fj;J

Ntyp rpije;jijg; NghypUe;jJ.

fz;fis %bf; nfhz;lhs;. kdR

Jb Jbj;J mOtij tpUk;gp

epd;wJ. njhz;ilf;Fs; ngupanjhU

Ks; rpf;fpf; nfhz;lijg;Nghy;

mjw;Fk; Kbatpy;iy.

jz;zpFbj;jhs; Njtiy

NghypUf;f vOe;J nfhltis…

“uhj;jh…. uhj;Njh.. te;J fOtp

cL. ehisf;Fj;jhd; Br;ru; vd;d

]k; ]k;80


Ne]upf;F tur; nrhd;dt…. vdf;F

tapj;Jf;f typf;FJ. Fsprag;

Nghl;LU uhj;jh…. ehd; gLf;fg;

Nghwd;…

fpl;lj;jl;l xU nk\pidg;

Nghy; ,aq;fj; njhlq;fpdhs;

Rikah. ck;kh nrhd;d

Ntiyfisnay;yhk; Kbj;J

jk;gpiaAk; jq;ifiaAk; Fu;Md;

XJk; kju]htpw;F mDg;gptpl;lhs;.

xd;gjhk; tFg;G gbf;Fk; %j;j

jq;fr;rp [{khdh gbj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;jhs; nky;y mtis

neUq;fpats;….

“[{khdh… gbr;rpl;lh ,Uf;Nf…

];$y;yAk; gbr;rpl;Lj;jhNd

te;jpUg;gha;. gf;fj;jpyjhNd

cz;l $l;lhspg; Gs;sl CL.

NtZnkz;lh mq;fNgha;;

nfhQ;r Neuk; fijr;rpUe;J

thtd;… mJq;fl tPl;l btpAk;

,Uf;fpjhNd…” “,y;y… ck;kh

te;jh….@ mts; gaj;jhy;

,Oj;jhs;@

‘vz;zl f\;lfhyk; ehd; Cl;Ly

milQ;rp fplf;fd;. eP tsu;u

gps;s… nfhQ;r Neuk; jhNd

ck;kh te;jh ehd; nrhy;ypf;Ftd;

eP Nghapl;L th”

mtis mDg;gptpl;L fjitg;

G+l;batspd; neQ;R gaj;jpy;

glf;…. glf;nfd mbj;Jf;

nfhz;lJ. ghtk; ,];]j;

vd;fhfj;jhNd vy;yhj;ijAk;

jhq;fpf;fpuhU…. mtid kWgbAk;

ghu;f;fDk;> MWjy; gLj;jDk;>

MARg+uhfTk; ehd; cq;fNshljhd;

thoj;Jbr;rpf;fpl;L ,Uf;fd; ,];]

j; vd;W nrhy;yp mtd; neQ;rpy;

rha;Q;rp moDk;. Rikahtpd;

kdrpy; ,dk; Gupahj czu;r;rpf;

ftiyfs; vOe;J mtis

miyf;fopj;jd. jhapd; neUg;Gg;

ghu;it…. jikadpd; fz;bg;G

vy;yhtw;iwAk; kwe;J NtypNahuk;

Nghdts; rpije;j gf;fj;ij nky;y

tpyf;fpg; ghu;j;jhs;. fk;gpiag;

gpupj;J Eiotjw;F trjpahf

mjykhf;fp Xiykl;ilia

yhtfkhf nrUfp ,Ue;jhs;.

jdf;Fs; rpupj;Jf;nfhz;lts;

Xiykl;ilia tpyf;fp ftdkhf

me;jg; gf;fk; fhy;itj;jhs;.

rpWtajpy; tpisahl;Lj;jdj;jpy;

Ntypjhz;b ,e;jg;gf;fkhf

Xbte;Jtpl;L mjw;fhf ck;khtplk;

thq;Fk; mb Qhgfj;jpw;F

te;jJ. ,];]j;jpd; uhj;jhTk;

kr;rhDk; tUtjw;fpilapy;

mtid re;jpj;Jtpl Ntz;Lnkd;W

glglg;gpy; tPl;bd; gpd;gf;fkhf

,Ue;J nky;y Kd;gf;fkhf

te;jts; epjhdpj;jhs;… ,];]

j;jpd; rg;ghj;Jld; ,d;DnkhU

rg;ghj;Jr; NrhbAk;… rl;nld;W

gpd;dhfpats; rhj;jpapUe;j

ad;diy fz;L “,];]j;jpd;

Kfj;ijahtJ Xukhf epd;W

ghu;j;Jtpl;Lg; Nghdhy; neQ;rpj;

jtpg;gpw;F MWjyhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;w

epidg;gpy; rhj;jpapUe;j ad;diy

nky;y ePf;fpats;….! tha;tpl;L

mywKbahj mjpu;r;rpapy;

];jk;gpj;Jg;Nghdhs;.

Xu; MZk; ngz;Zk; ,Uf;f

Ntz;ba epiyapy; ,];]

j;Jk; mtdJ ez;gDk; “ah my;yh`;…” fhybapy; ,Ue;j G+kp eOtp mfyghjhsj;jpy;

tpOtijg;Nghy;! tpf;fpj;j

neQ;Rld; tPL te;J Nru;e;j

Rikah gpuik gpbj;jtsha; Rtupy;

]k; ]k;81


rupe;J cl;fhu;e;J nfhz;lhs;.

$L fiye;j gwit Nghy

czu;Tfnsy;yhk; jtj;Jg;

Guz;ld. Nftykhd ,uz;L

kpUfq;fspd; me;juq;fj;ijg;

ghu;j;Jtpl;l mRi\. cyfk;

,aq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;ff; fhuzkhd

Ja;ikahd xd;W eufyhf

ehw;wnkLj;J GOg;GOthf nespe;J

nfhz;bUg;gijg; NghypUe;jJ.

fhiyapy; mtd; njhl;Lg;

gutrg;gLj;jpa ,lnky;yhk; gw;wp

vuptijg;Nghy;…! MNtrk; nfhz;L

vOe;jts; mg;gbNa Frpdpg;gf;fk;

Nghdhs;.

jpUk;gpats; fz;fspy; ,g;wh`Pk;

fhf;fhtpd; gioa nrUg;Gj;jhd;

gl;lJ. “Mk;Gsr; nrUg;G” ifapy; vLj;jts; Neuhf fz;zhbf;F Kd;

Nfha; epd;W nfhz;lhs;.

“Cu;NkAk; eha;f;nfy;yhk;

xOf;fkhf clk;G Nff;Fjh?

tho;f;ifaj; njhyr;r

Kz;lr;rp vz;LjhNd

ehf;fj;njhq;fg;Nghl;Lf;fpl;L

te;j….fopril fhtypf;nfy;yhk;

fhjnyhU rhl;L mjr;nrhy;ypr;

nrhy;ypNa mDgtpr;rpg;Nghl;L

ifaf; fOtpl;Lg; Nghfyhnkz;l

ijupak; jhNd….

“Mk;Gsf;Fk; nghk;Gsf;Fk;

tpj;jpahrk; njupahj

gz;zpianay;yhk; vd;d

ek;g tr;rpl;bNa my;yh`;Nt!” khu;kb jhq;fhky; nghq;fpg;Nghd

Rikah jdf;Fj;jhNd jz;lid

toq;Fk; ePjp Njtijahdhs;.

ifapy; itj;jpUe;j nrUg;ghy;

mbf;fj;njhlq;fpdhs;.

“g;shu;..g;shu;..” vd;W njhlu;e;j

rj;jk; iffs; fisj;J

Xa;e;jNghJk; mts; neQ;rk;

jPutpy;iy.

“Vkhe;jpl;ld;… xU kpUfj;jplk;

md;Gf;fhf neUq;fp Vkhe;jpl;ld;.

clk;G Rfj;Jf;fhf ve;jf;

Nftyj;ijAk; nra;aj; JzpQ;r

<dg; nghwg;Gfs; j;….J}!”

guguntd;W vOe;jts;

fpzw;wbf;Fg;Ngha; 1>2>3>4 fpzw;W

thspahy; jz;zPiu ms;sp ms;sp

jiyapy; Cw;wj; njhlq;fpdhs;.

cs;sf;nfhjpg;G mlq;fpaNjh

,y;iyNah Rikahtpd; cly;

Nrhu;e;Nj NghdJ.

“Rikah – Va;! Rikah…

vq;fb Ngha; njhiyQ;r…” jl;bj;jl;b if KwpQ;rp

Nghr;rp vq;nfaz;lhYk;

Ngha; xJq;fpdpnaz;lh CU

gpuz;lhYk; xdf;F tpsq;fhJ.

rpd;dts; vq;f mts; fOj>

gLj;jhnsz;lh ehSk; gfYk;

mtSf;F xd;Djhd;. ky;Yf;fl;b

fjitj; njhwe;jJy ifapy; Ntw

fopr;Rg;Nghl;L… Rikah…”

rj;jk; Nghl;Lf;nfhz;Nl te;j

Rikahtpd; ck;kh Nghl;bUe;j

cLg;NghilNa eide;j

Nfhopf;FQ;rha; fpzw;wbapy;

epd;w kfisf; fz;lJk;

tpf;fpj;Jg;Nghdhs;. cs;Ns Ngha;

Jilf;Fk; Jilf;Fk; Jz;ilf;

nfhz;L te;J ePl;bats; “fl;bl;L cs;Sf;F th….” xw;iwahfr; nrhy;yptpl;L FrpDf;Fs; Eioe;J

Rlr;Rl Nfhg;gp Nghl;L te;J

“#l;NlhL ,jf;Fbr;rpg;Nghl;L

<ukpy;yhky; jyaj;Jtl;L.. jz;zp

epz;br;nrd;lh jbky; gpbr;Rf;Fk;.

]k; ]k;82


“[{khdh vq;f… Fiu]hl

Cl;lah NfhapUf;fhs;. dhd;

Ngha; $l;bl;L te;J mLg;gb

Ntyag;ghf;fd;. eP ,Ue;Jf;f”

jiyiaj; Jtl;b ghapy; rupe;jts;

jd;id kwe;J J}q;fpg;Nghdhs;.

kdij ntd;w clk;gpd; tpjp>

tpbe;jJ $l Rikahf;F

njupatpy;iy. ntspapy; Nfl;l

,Gwh`Pk; fhf;fhtpd; Ngr;Rf;Fuypy;

fz; tpopj;Jf; fbfhuj;ijg;

ghu;j;jts; jpLf;fpw;Wg; Nghdhs;.

kzp xd;gijf; fhl;b epd;wJ.

“ vd;l my;yh`;…” Jbj;Jf; vOtjw;F Kad;wtSld;

clk;G xj;Jiof;ftpy;iy.

mbj;Jg;Nghl;lhw;Nghy; mau;r;rpahf

,Uf;f kWgbAk; fz;%b rha;e;J

nfhz;lhs;. ntspapy; Ngr;R

njhlu;e;jJ.

“uhnty;yhk; epj;jpiuAkpy;yk;kh! nyhwp gOjhfpdAk; fhyf;

f\;lk;jhd;. eL Nwhl;by

nyhwpNahl rPuypQ;Qhd; kpr;rk;.

vq;fk;kh.. Rikahl rpyhtpdaf;

fhzy;y..”

“mtSf;F clk;G mt;tsT

uhfj;jpy;ykd gLj;Jf;fplf;fhs;.

nfhQ;r ehisf;F ehDk; re;ijf;F

kpy;Yf;nfz;L Nghfy;y. thOw

taRy… mtsg; ghf;ff;Fs;s

tha; tapnuy;yhk; nfhjpr;Rg;

NghFJ. ,Uf;fpwj tr;rp mtSf;F

ey;yjh xz;l ghj;Jr; nra;J

Nghl;LuZk; kd…”

“vdf;Fk; Nahrpdhk;kh… vz;l

$l;lhsp uhrpf;fj; njupAk;jhNd.

mtNdhl khkh fhju;… mtUk;

uhrpf;Nfhl nuz;L %D gazk;

ek;kl Cl;l te;jpUf;fhu;jhd;.

ngz;lhl;bl elj;j rupapy;ynad;L

fypahzj;j gpupQ;rpl;lhu;. mtu

ek;k Rikahf;F nra;ayhnkz;L

uhrpf; nrhd;dtd;…”

,Gwh`pk; fhf;fh Ngr;ir

Kbf;ftpy;iy… mtrukhf

,ilkwpj;j Rikahtpd; ck;kh…

“XNkhk; kd.. ehDk; mtq;fl

vy;yhf; fijAk; Nfs;tpg;gl;ld;.

mJ ey;y ,lk;jhd;. uhrpf; jk;gpl;l

tprhupf;f nrhy;Y rup te;jh

Rzf;fhk ehk mijNa nra;J

Nghl;buyhk;”

“rupk;kh… ehd; mj tprhpf;fd;.

grpf;FJ fhyf;flag;gj;j

itq;fk;kh ehd; Fspr;rpl;L

te;jpu;Nud;..”

ck;khtpd; Mjq;fk; ,Gwh`pKf;F

kl;Lky;y. RikahTf;Fk; Gupe;jJ.

$lNt fhjupd; cUtj;ij

Qhgfj;jpw;F nfhz;Ltu

Kaw;rpj;jhs;. nfhQ;rk;

Kd;Df;Fj; js;spa gy;… fWg;G

epwk;… fl;ilahd Njhw;wk;..

nghz;lhl;bl elj;j rupapy;y..” Rikahf;F tha;tpl;L rpupf;f

Ntz;Lk; NghypUe;jJ. iffisj;

jiuapy Cd;wp kpfTk; rpukg;gl;L

vOe;J nfhz;lts; thapy;

Cwpa vr;rpiy thrypd; Xukhfg;

Ngha; Jg;gpa NghJjhd; midf;

fz;lhs;. rpije;j Ntypapd; gf;fk;

,uz;L jfuk; itj;J fl;ilAk;

ehl;lg;gl;bUe;jJ.

“gh.. gh… gh… g;…..

gh…” jPDf;fhf Nfhopfis

moj;Jf;nfhz;Nl Rikahtpd;

ck;kh….

]k; ]k;83



rpWtu; fij - jpwe;j gpupT


jpUkjp. K.[. rpj;jp [h`pjh

vk;Njrj;J nkhl;Lf;fs;

mf;fhyg;gFjpapy; vtnuhUtUk; jkJ nrhe;j Ciutpl;L njhopy;> Neha; nehb Nghd;w mj;j pahtrpa Njitfisj; jtpu ve ;jf ; fhuzj;ijf; nfhz;Lk; ntsp ,lq;fspw;Fr; nry;tjw;F ahUk; Mirg;gLtjpy;iy.fhuzk;> tPl;il tpl;L ntspapy; nrd;why; tPL te;J Nru;tJ epr;rakpy;yhj epiy. vq;F Fz;L ntbf;Fk;?; ahu; ahiur; Rl;Lf; nfhy;thu;fs;? vd;nwy;yhk; vjpu;ghu;f;f Kbahj gaq;fur; #oypy; gPjp epytpa fhyk; mJ.

epjhdkhd je;ij ep]hu;>RWRWg;ghd kidtp `k;J}d;> Mirf;F xd;W> M];jpf;F xd;W vd `dhd;>`dPdh vDk; ,U gps;isfisr; nry;tq;fisf; nfhz;l msthd mofpa FLk;gk;. ,j;jidf;Fk; ,e;j Giftz;bg; gpuahzk; Rkhu; xU khjj;jpw ;F Kd;dNu jpl;lkplg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,t;tstpw;Fk; ̀ k;J}d;> ep]hu; ,UtUk; mur cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;. ,tu;fSila FLk;gj;jpw;;Fg; Giftz;b gpuahzj;jpw;fhd ,ytr Mizr; rPl;Lf;fs; tUlhtUlk; %d;W Nrhbfs; cupj;jhfpapUe;Jk; $l Rkhu; gj;J tUlq;fSf;Fk; $ba Nritf; fhyj;;jpy; mjidg; gad;gLj;jpg; gpuahzk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; re;ju;g;gk; ,tu;fSf;Ff; fpl;bapUf;ftpy;iy.

MapDk; jw;NghJ kl;lf;fsg;G Gifapuj epiyaj;jpNy vOjg;glhj rl;lkhf eilKiwapypUf;Fk; gj;J ehl;fSf;F Kd;djhfNt gpuahzk; nra;atpUg;gtu;fs; Mizr; rPl;Lf;fisg; ngw;W mq;F Mrdg;gjpTfisr; nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;;.

md;W Nk khjk; 17k; jpfjp ,jkhd fhiyg; nghOJ Gyu;e;J

nfhz;bUe;jJ.me;j mofpa FLk;gj;jpd; neLehs; fdthd Giftz;bg;

gpuahzj;jpw;fhff; fhj;jpUe;j me;j ehSk; ,Jthfj;jhd; ,Ue;jJ.

,d;iwa ehs; tho;tpy; ,tu;fSf;F XU kwf;f Kbahj ehs;. Vnddpy;>

ehl;bNy ,lk; ngw;w Kg;gJ tUl Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;du; jw;NghJ Vw;gl;L

tPrpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; rkhjhdf; fhw;wpd; xU gFjp thridjhd; ,tu;fspd;

,g;gazk;.

,J jw;Nghija eilKiwahf ,Ue;j gbahy; ep]hu; ,jw;Nfw;wthW jkf;Fupj;jhd Kjyhk; tFg;G Mrdg; gjpTfisr; nra;J mtw;Wf;fhd bf;fl;Lf;fisAk; ngw;wpUe;jhd;. me;jehs; njhlf;fk; ,f;FLk;gj;jpdu; gazpf;Fk; ehSf;fhfj; jpdKk; vz;zpf; fhj;jpUe;jdu;. ,d;W jhd; mtu;fspd; Giftz;bg; gpuahzf;fdT edthfpwJ.

Neuk; mjpfhiy 5.00 kz p . ,d ;Dk ; miu k z p j ; j p a h y j ; j p y ; #upNahja Neuj;jpy; me;j cjaNjtpf; fd;dp uapYk; kl;lf;fsg;gpypUe;J nfhOk;G Nehf;fpr; nry;ytpUe;jJ. J}uj;jpNy uapypd; vd;[pd; tUk; rj ;jk ; Nfl ;lJk; gps;isfs; Js;spf; Fjpj;J

“mJ jhd; uapy; rj;jkhk;kh?”

vd;W jha; `k;J}idg; ghu;j;Jf; Nfl;f> mjw;F “,y;iy. uapypd;;; vd;[pd;

]k; ]k;84


rj;jnkd;W epidf;fpNwd;> vdf;Fk; jpl;lkhfj; njupatpy;iy”

vd;W mj;jUzj;jpy; mg;ghtpj;jdkhfg; gjpyspj;jhs; `k;Jhd;. ,j;jidf;Fk; mtsJ Kg;gj;ije;J taJ Kjpu;tpYk; mtSk; ,g;;NghJjhd;; Kjd;Kjyhf uapypy;gazk; nry;yTs;shs;.,Nj Neuk; mUfpypUe;j jd; fztidg; ghu;j;J

“ghj;jpq;fsh ek;k gps;isfs; mtu;fspd; rpd;d tarpy mDgtpf;fpwj ehk ,g;gjhd; mDgtpf;fpwk;. ehk ,jg;Nghy gyj ek;kl tho;tpy Aj;jj;jpdhy ,oe;jpl;lk; ,y;iyah”

vdf; ftiyAld; Nfl;lNghJ mjw;F fztd; ep]hu;

“vd;djhd; f];lq;fs; te;j NghjpYk; kuz gak; ,y;yhky; ,g;g thOwJ vt;tsNth Nky;”

vd;W rkhjhdk; $wpdhd;.,tu;fs; ciuahLtij cw;Wf ; Nfl ;Lf ; nfhz;bUe;j kfd; rh[pj;

“Vd;kh? cq;fs ahUk; uapy;y $l;bg; Nghfiyah?”

vd;W Mr;rupakhff; Nfl;lhd;> me;j VO taJg; gpQ;R.

“,y;iy kfd;. mg;g ,e;j uapy; gpuahz trjp ,Ue;jjhk. ; mnjnay;yhk; gaq;futhjpfs; Fz;L itj;Jj; jfu;j;;njwpe;J vtUf;Fk; gadpy;yhky; nra;jpl;lhq;fshk;. mjdhy vq;fSf;F mijnay;yhk; mDgtpf;f Kbahky; Nghapw;W kfd;.”;

vd;W $wf; Nfl;l ep]hu;

“Mdh ,g;g vq;fl [dhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;\ mtu;fs; jhd; me;jf; nfhba gaq;futhjj;ij KbTf;Ff; nfhz;L te;j cj;jk kD\u;. ,jdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l rkhjhdk;jhd; ,g;g epyTJ. ,j;jidf;Fk; ,e;j ehl;bw;F Nrit nra;j ,uhZt tPuu;fs; ,e;j ehl;bd; fz;fshf vd;Wk; Nghw;wpg; ghuhl;lg; gl Ntz;batu;fs; kfd;”

vdf;$Wifapy; epk;kjpg; ngU%r;R tpl;ltshf

“mtu;fs; nra;j capu;j; jpahfk; jhd; vkf;F ,e;j epk;kjpiaj; Njbj; je;jJ”

vd;W kpfTk; ed;wpAzu;Tld; ,e;jr; nra;jpiaj; jd; gps;isfSf;F vj;jp itf;fpd;whs; me;j ehl;Lg; gw;Ws;s jha;.

mg;Ngh ehq;f nfhOk;gpw;Fg; NghwJ me;j tPuu;fSf;fhd Aj;j ntw;wpf; nfhz;lhl;lq;fis ghu;f;fj;jhNd mk;kh”

vd kfd; Nfl;f> “ me;j ehis ehk vg;gTk; kwf;ff; $lhJ”

vd;W $wp Kbf;Fk;NghJ gazpfisr; Nrhjid nra;tjw;fhfg; nghyprhu; mioj;jdu;. mjpy; xUtu; jdJ jha; nkhopapy;

“nfh`j ad;Nd GQ;rp ky;yp”

vdg; Gd;difAld; Nfl;f mjw;F gjpy; mspf;f tpUk;gpAk;> njupahj ftiyapy; jd; jhiag; ghu;f;fpwhd; `dhd;. ,jidg; Gupe;J nfhz;l jha;

“nfhyk;g adth” vd;W $Wk;gb nrhy;yNt mij mt;thNw Kjd; Kjyhf me;jr; rpq;fs thu;j;ijia cr;rupf;fpd;whd;. ,ijf; Nfl;L kfpo;e;j mg;nghyp]; cj;jpNahfj;ju;

“n`he;ja; n`he;ja;” vd;W nrhy;yp ifia mirj;J Gifapuj Nkilf;Fs; nry;y mDkjpj;jhu;. mq;F msthd rdf;$l;lNk fhzg;gl;lJ. jw;NghJ ,U gps;isfs; kdjpYk; gytpj Nfs;tpfs;???

cs ; Ns n rd ; w N g hJ mq ; N f jz;lthsj;jpy; ePy epwg;ghk;nghd;W ePz;L gLj;Jwq;FtJ Nghd;W cja Njtpuapy; fhl;rpaspj;jJ. jq;fSf;Nf cupj;jhd Kjyhk; tFg;Gg; ngl;bapy; Vw pj ; jq ;fSf ;F xJf ;fg ; gl ; l Mrdq;fspd; ,yf;fq;fisr; rupghu;j;J mku;e;J nfhz;l NghJ mtu;fs; mile;j ngUkpjk; mstpy;yhjJ.

]k; ]k;85


fpl;lj;jl;l vahu; iyd; tpkhdk; xd;wpy; VwpaJ Nghd;w xU czu;T.

“ck;kh g]; khjpup neUf;fk; ,y;iy> m[];kd;Lld; r Pw ;fs;> mj;Jld; Fspu;ik.`h..”

,it vy;yhNk ,tu;fspd; Mde;jj;ij NkYk; $l;bd.

me;j Neuk; jpBnud “flhu;” vd xU gykhd rj;jk; Nfl;lNghJ midtUNk xU fzk; jpLf;fpl;L tpl;ldu;. mNjhL Giftz;b nkJthf mire;J efu;e;J nry;y Muk;gpj;jJ.mg;NghJ mJ vOg;gpa xyp

“flf; Glf;” “flf;flf;f flf;flf;f”

ehk; vd;d epidf;fpNwhNkh mjw;Nfw;w re;jkhf uapy; vOg;gpr; nrd;w xyp mnrsfupaj;ijad;wp ,d;gj;ijNa tutioj ;jJ. gazKk; ,dpNj njhlu;e;jJ.

Fwpj;j Neuj;jpw;F Gwg;gl;l me;j uapy; xt;nthU epiyakhfj; jupj;J epd;W gpuahzpfis thQ;irAld; tuNtw;W Vw;w pf ; nfhz;L jd; gazj;ij njhlu;e;jJ. fpl;lj;jl;l kd;dk;gpl;b ghyj;jpD}lhfr; nry;Yk; jWthapy; Nrhsq; Fiyfisj; jhq;fpa tz;zk; miur;rl;il ghthil mzpe;j rpq;fsg; ngz; uapypy; Vwpdhs;.

“,upq;Nfh.. ,upq;Nfh..”

vd;W nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L xt;nthU ngl;bahff; fle;J nrd;whs;.,jidf; Nfl;l kfs; `dPdh

“Vd;gh ehq;fs; vy;NyhUk; rPw;wpy; mku;e;JjhNd ,Uf;fpNwhk;? Vd; mtu; vy;NyhiuAk; ,Uf;fr; nrhy;fpwhu;?”;

vd;W tpag;Gld; Nfl;lhs;. jha;f;Fk; je;ijf;Fk; mlf;f Kbahj rpupg;G.

“,y;y kfs; mtu; rpq;fsg; ngz;. mtUila nkho pa py ; Nrhsq ; Fiyfis “,upq;F” vd;W nrhy;tjhy; mij tpw;gjw;fhf mt;thW $wpr; nry;fpwhu;”

vd;W tpsf;fkspj;j NghJ “,njy;yhk; cq;fSf;F ahu; nrhy;ypj; je;jhq;f?”

vd ;W mts; Nfl ;f ehd ; mur cj;jpNahfk; fpilj;J Kjy; epakdhfg;; Gj;jsj;jpy; Ntiy nra;Njd;. mq;F rpq;fstu;fNshL goFk; tha;g;G vdf;Ff; fpilj;jJ. ,jdhhy; ,tw;iwnay;yhk; mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;”

vd;W $wpdhu; je;ij. ,ijf; Nfl;l gps;isfs; mg;Ngh ehq;fSk; rpq;fsk; gbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd MirAld; vz;zpf; nfhz;lhu;fs;.

,t;thW rpq;fs nkhopapy; xd;W $w kw;iwatu; mijg; jtwhf tpsq;fpf; nfhs;fpwhu;. ,e;j nkhopg; gpur;rpidahy; jhd; ,e;j ehNl Fl;br; Rtuhapw;W. kw;iwatUila nkhop njupahjjhy; jhd; rupahd njhlu;ghlypd;ik> fUj;J ntspaplhik> Gupe;Jzu;tpd;ik Nghd;wtw;why; Vw;gl;l Kuz;ghLfNs ,e;ehl;by; ,f;nfhba Aj;jk; Njhd;wp xU ,dj;ij kw;iwa ,dj;jtu; vjpu;fshfg; ghu;f;Fk; Ju;g;ghf;fpa epiy Vw;gl;lJ. ,e;j ehl;by; ngUk;ghyhd kf;fs; rpq;fs nkhopiag; NgRfpd;wtu;fs;. mtu;fs; ehl;bd; ehyhgf;fq;fspYk; tho;fpd;wdu;. mtu;fSld; xl;LjYld; tho;tjw;F nkhop xd;Nw cjtp nra;Ak;. vdNt> ehk; rpq;fs nkhopiaf; fw;Wf; nfhs;tjhdJ vkf;F gy topfspYk; ed;ikiaj; Njbj; jUk;”

vd;W jha; $wpa NghJ ehq;fSk; mijf; fw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd MirAld; jplrq;fw;gk; nfhz;ldu; gps;isfs;. jw;NghJ Vw;gl;Ls;s rkhjhdj;ijj; jf;f itj;Jf; nfhz;L Vida ,dj;jtu;fSld; rkhjhdkhf tho Ntz;L;k; vd;w vz;zk; ,e;jg; gpQ;R cs;sq;fspy; Vw;gl;lijg; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ jha; `k;J}d; jd; gps;isfis epidj;Jg; ngUkpjk; milfpwhs;.

]k; ]k;86


Njrpa ,yf;fpa fiyg; ngUtpoh - 2014 fdp\;l gpupT – ftpij vOJjy; Nghl;b – Kjyhk; ,lk;

nry;tp. vk;.vk;.vg;. E`h

kl;/kk/ my; mkPd; kfh tpj;jpahyak;> fhj;jhd;Fb.

cyfk; cUz;il ghulh

cUSk; cyfk; jhdlh

gpur;rpid te;J Nru;e;jjhy;

Gdpjk; ,oe;J Nghr;rlh

ehSk; ehSk; rz;ilfs;

ehS; nghOJk rhTfs;

rhjp Ngj Aj;jq;fs;

rhgk; nfhz;L kdpju;fs;

ghkud;> Kjy; gz;bjd; tiu

gz;Gld; tho;e;j ehllh

,J ghoile;J NghtJ Vdlh

,J ahupd;rh Nfllh

rhjpia mopj;jhd;

rhuskha; te;j ghujp md;Wlh

ehSk; rz;il ghulh

ebf;Fk; cyfpy; rz;ilfs; Vdlh

cyfpy; thOk; midtUk;

cwTfs; Nghy; md;Nwhlh

vt;thwhapDk; vkf;Fs;Ns

vjpu;g;Gfs; Njhd;Wjy; jg;gz;Nwhlh

,e;j kjntwp Vdlh

,utpy; J}f;fk; Nghr;rlh

FUfpa ehs; tho;tpy;

Fog;gq;fs; Vdlh

trjpAs;stu; rpyu;

trjpaw;wtu; gyu;

,e;j ghFghL Vdlh

,t;thW ghu;g;gjdhy; gad; VJk; cz;Nlhlh

ghr tiyfs; ,ize;j ehllh

ghtk; jPu;f;f Ntz;Lklh

Ntz;lhk; kdpj Ngjq;fs;

xw;Wikahf tho;Nthk;

vt;tsNth trjp gilj;j

vk; ehl;bd; toq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp

vg;nghOJk; xw;Wikahf

vjpu;fhy rKjhaj;ij cUthf;FNthk;.

xw;Wikah tho;Nthk;

]k; ]k;87


Njrpa ,yf;fpa fiyg; ngUtpoh - 2014 fdp\;l gpupT – fl;Liug; Nghl;b – Kjyhk; ,lk;

nry;td;. vk;.vd;.vk;. m];kj;

kl;/kk/ fhj;jhd;Fb kj;jpa fy;Y}up.

Mf;fg+u;tkhd gilg;Gfshy; vjpu;fhy rKjhaj;ij cUthf;FNthk;

,d;iwa etPd tpQ;Qhd cyfpy; ehk; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w nghUl;fis ,jw;f Kd;

tho;e;j tpQ;Qhdpfs; kw;Wk; fz;Lgpbg;ghsu;fs; vk;ik xU vjpu;fhy rKjhakhf

epidj;J gy nghUl;fis cUtikj;Js;shu;fs;. gilg;Gfs; vDk; nghOJ

fiyfSk; mjw;Fs; mlq;fyhk;. ehk; ,d;W vkJ vy;iyaw;w rpe;jidapd; %yk;

fz;Lgpbf;Fk; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs;> Mf;fq;fs;> fiyfs; vd;gd ek;ik njhlu;e;J

tUl rKjhaj;Jf;F xg;ghdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW cjhuzkhf

ghu;j;jhy;. 1903 k; Mz;L fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l tpkhdj;jpd; fl;likg;Gfs; rhd;whf

mikfpd;wd. tpkhdj;ij fz;Lgpbj;j iul; rNfhjuu;fspd; vy;iyaw;w Kaw;rp

,d;W vkf;F vj;jid topfspy; cjTfpd;wJ. ,t;thW fzpzpiaAk; ghu;j;jhy;

rhu;s;]; gNg[; My; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l ,f;fzpzp Kd;ida fhyj;jpy; xU

mw;gk; epiwe;j xU Kf;fpakhd nghUshfNt fhzg;gl;lJ.

md;iwa fhyj;jpy; mJ xU xU fl;lhaj; NjitfSf;F khj;jpuk; gad;gl;lJ.

Mdhy; ,d;iwa fhyj;jpy; gy Kf;fpa NjitfSf;F gad;gl;lhYk; xU

rpyuhy; jg;ghd topapy; gad;gLj;g;gLfpwJ. ,jdhNyNa ,J gy mwpQu;fshYk;

,yj;jpudpay; Kl;lhs; vd ngau; ngWfpwJ. ,Ue;JNghjpYk; md;iwa

mwpthspfshy; Xu; Fwpg;gpl;l msT tplaq;fis khj;jpuk; cs;slf;fpajhf

fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l> Mf;fkhf;fg;l;l gy nghUl;fs; ,d;iwa fhy mwpQu;fshy;

mJ gy nrad;Kiwfis nfhz;l nghUs; Mf;fkhf khw;wg;ngWfpwJ.

vdNt ehKk; vkJ vz;zj;ij nghJ vz;zkhf khw;Wk; nghOJ

gyuJ kdijAk; ftuf;$batu;fshf khw;wKbAk;. xt;nthUtUk; jdJ

,yf;Ffis vz;zq;fis xU jiyg;gpd; fPNoNa nfhz;L elj;Jthu;fs;.

vkJ Nehf;fkhfNt ehk; Mf;fg+u;tkhd gilg;Gfshy; vjpu;fhy rKjhaj;ij

xUthf;FNthk; vdf; nfhs;Sk; nghOJ fz;Lgpbf;f KbAk; my;yJ rhjpf;f

KbAk;. ,d;iwa rpWtu; rKjhakhd ehk; ek;ikg; Nghd;nwhU rKjhak;

vjpu;fhyj;jpy; cs;sJ vdf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ehk; ,d;W fy;tpf;F ngupJk;

gad;gLj;Jfpd;w Gj;jfq;fis vLj;Jf;nfhz;NlhNkahdhy; ,jw;F ,U E}

w;whz;LfSf;F Kd; tho;e;j g+l;ld; Ngu; vd;gtu; $l rpe;jpj;jhu;. ehk; fy;tp

fw;Fk; ,e;jf;fhyj;jpy; $l Gj;jfq;fis ehNk ek; ifahy; vOj Ntz;bajhf

cs;sJ. Mdhy; vjpu;fhy rKjhakhtJ Neuj;ij ,yFgLj;jp fw;ff; $lhjh

vd;whu;. ,jdhNyNa etPdq;fs; Fiwe;j me;jf;fhyj;jpy; $l mtu; ngupa

rthy;fSf;F kj;jpapy; jdJ fz;Lgpbg;ghd mr;R ,ae;jpuj;ijf; fz;Lgpbj;J

jw;Nghija Gj;jf; fy;tpf;F ngUk; gq;fhw;wpAs;shu;.

vdNt> ,d;iwa rpWtu;fshd ehKk; ,d;W fy;tpf;fhtJ VJk; FiwghLfs;

]k; ]k;88


,Ug;gpd; mij ehk; vkJ tplhKaw;rpapd; %yk; ,d;iwa thOk;tsUk;

fhyq;fspy; ehk; eptu;j;jp nra;tJ vjpu;fhyj;jpy; fy;tpf;F Mw;wpa

Nritfspy; mJTk; ngUk; gq;fspg;ghf mikAk;. ,t;thW ,d;iwa

fhyj;jpy; fy;tpf;F kl;Lky;yhJ ,d;Dk; gy NjitfspYk; $l FiwghLfs;

fhzg;gLtij ek;khy; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. vkJ Nehf;fKk; ,yf;Fk;

xNu tplaj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;nghONj vk;khy; xU tplaj;ij rhjpf;fKbAk;.

Mdhy; ehk; epidf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,d;Dk; vd;d fz;Lgpbf;f ,Uf;fpd;wJ. vy;yhk;

fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lNj vd;W Mdhy; mt;thwd;W Vnddpy; Kd;Ndhu;fSk;

,t;thWjhd; vz;zpdhu;fs; Mdhy; mtu;fSk; rpe;jpf;f rpe;jpf;fNt xt;nthU

fz;Lgpbg;GfSk; Nahridf;Fj; njd;gLk;. ,d;DnkhU cjhuzkhfNt

Nehf;fpdhy; Gifapujj;ijAk; epidf;fyhk;. Kd;du; fupg;Gifapujkhf

fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l Gifapujk; ,d;W Fsp&l;bfs; nghUj;jg;gl;l Gifapukj;

tiu te;Jtpl;lJ. ,e;j Gifapujk; vt;thwhd Gifapujkhf khwpte;jhYk;

me;jg; nghUikAk; GfOk; mijf;fz;Lgpbj;j ,y;kiuNa rhUk;. Vnddpy;

,e;jg;Gifapujj;ij cyfpf;F mwpKfk; nra;jtNu mtu;jhd;. ,t;thW>

ehKk; mwpKfk; nra;Ak; nghUl;fs; gpw;fhyj;jpy; gy Njhw;wq;fspy;

te;jhYk; mjd; cs;shf;fk; ek;ikNa rhUk;. vdNt> ,e;jf; fhyj;jpy;

vjpu;fhy rKjhak; gw;wpa jfty;fisf; $l mwptjw;F gy njhopy;

El;gq;fs; ntspte;Jtpl;ld. ehk; ,d;W tPdhff; fopf;Fk; Neuq;fspy;

xU nrf;fd; $l mw;gkhfNt fhzg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; Kd;diatu;fspy;

mwpthspfs; fz;Lgpbg;gJ> tiutJ> fiyj;njhopy; Ntiyg;ghLfs;

nra;tjhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. mwpT Fiwe;jtu;fs; (Xu;msthd) gonkhopfis

Nahrpg;gJ> ctikj; njhlu;fs;> kuGj;njhlu;fis cUtikg;gjhfNt

fhzg;gl;lhu;fs;. ,NjNtis ,ijitj;Jg;ghu;f;Fk; nghOJ Kd;Ndhu;fs;

xU epkplj;ijf;$l tPzbf;ftpy;iy vd;gJ GupfpwJ. Mdhy; ,e;jf;fhyj;jpy;

rpWtu;fs; Kjy; ngupatufs; tiu Mghrg;glq;fs; ghu;j;jy;> ehlfq;fs;>

fhu;Lz;fs; kw;Wk; tpisahl;Lf;fs; tpisahLjy; vd;gjw;fhfNt Neuj;ijf;

tPzbj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;fs;. ‘,d;iwa rpWtu;fs; ehisa jiytu;fs;’ Mfpa ehk; vkJ ,e;j Fwpf;Nfhis itj;J rhjpf; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW

kpd;Fkpiof;fz;Lgpbj;j Njk]; my;th vbrdpd; fijiag; ghu;j;jhy; vkJ

Kaw;rp tPz;NghfhJ vd;W Njhd;Wk;.

,k; Kaw;rpf;F cjhuzkhfg; ghu;j;jhy; jw;Nghija ,e;jpahtpd; [dhjpgjpia

Nehf;fyhk;. mtu;jhd; mg;Jy; fyhk;. rpWtajpNy gul;ilj;jiyAld;

fpope;j rl;ilAld; flw;fiuapy; cyhTk; jd;ikiaf; nfhz;l mg;Jy;

fyhk; jdJ rpWguhaj;jpNyNa ehk; ek;ehl;il MsNtz;Lk; ek; kf;fis

rPu;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ehk; ,e;j rpWguhaj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j epiyia vjpu;fhy

rpWtu;fs; ahUk; milaf; $lhJ vd rpe;jpj;jhu;. mtuJ ghLgl;l Kaw;rpNa

,d;W xU [dehaf ehl;il MSk; ijupak; tiu cau;j;jpAs;sJ. vdNt>

‘rPuhd xU vjpu;fhyj;ij cUthf;FtJ ek; xt;nthUtuJk; jiyaha

flikahFk;’

]k; ]k;89


Njrpa ,yf;fpa fiyg; ngUtpoh - 2014 rpNu\;l gpupT – ftpij vOJjy; Nghl;b – Kjyhk; ,lk;

nry;tp. vk;.v];.vk;. `p];kh

kl;/kk/ kpy;yj; kfspu; kfh tpj;jpahyak;> fhj;jhd;Fb.

goikahd cyfk;

grpahwj; Jbf;Fk; kdpjk;

GJik gilj;jpl

Gj;Japu; ngw;nwO

GJikg; ngz;Nd!

Vl;Lf; fy;tpf; fhyk;

vjw;F ngz;Zf;F

vd;wJ cyfk;

Vkhe;J Nghfhky;

vopy; gilj;jpl

vOe;jpL ngz;Nz!

cupikfs; cdf;Fz;L

cd;dpy; gw;gy

cz;ikAz;L

czu;e;jpL ngz;Nd

cau; ngw;nwO fz;Nd!

cyfk; ,lk; jUk;

csp nfhz;L nrJf;fpL

cd; iffs; gilj;jpLk;

cau;thdNjhu;

cd;djkhdNjhu; gilg;gpid

rpj;jpuf;fiy

rpw;gf;fiy

rpwg;ghd fiyfs; gyTk;

rpwg;gha; gilj;jpL

rpwe;j ngz;Nd!

gilg;ghspahf eP

gtdpth cyfpdpy;

gz;zpa ghtnky;yhk;

gUjp Kd; gdpNghy

gzpe;jpl itj;J

gzp nra;a th

gilg;ghsg; ngz;Nd!

fz; fyq;fhNj eP

fz;zhd

fw;fz;lha;

fw;nghOf;fk;

fhj;j fz;zpaha;

fis fiye;J

fz;L gpbg;gf;fs;

fiy nra;J

fU Nkfk; tpyf;f

fU tpopfs; vd

fw;g+u jPg xspfs; vd

fk;gPukha;

fhl;rpasp fz;Nd!

ehl;Lf;F ed;ndwp

ey;nyhsp fhl;bl

eil NghL

eP etpd;wpLk;

ed; nrhy;yhy;

cau;e;jpL

cz;ikg; ngz;Nd!

cd; cau;

ehl;il

cd;djkhf;F

cd; jha; ehNl

cd;ikg; Nghw;Wk;

cau;thd ngz;Nd

GJik gilj;jpL

Gzpjg; ngz;Nd

GtpAk; Gfo;e;jpLk; tz;zk;

Gjpait nra;jpL

Gj;Japu; fz;Nd

Gtpapy; ePAk;

GJikg; ngz;Nd!

GJikg; ngz;fs;

]k; ]k;90


khdpld; thoe;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,t;tpUgj;Njhuhk; E}w;whz;bNy gy;NtWtpjkhd

khw;wq;fisf; fz;L tpj;ijkpF cyfk; xd;W Njhw;wk; ngw toptFj;j fhuzpfs;

gyTs;sd. mt;thwhd fhuzpfs; kdpj %isapy; epd;W cUg;ngw;wJ Gj;jhf;fg;

gilg;Gf;fs; vd;why; kpifahfhJ.

kdpjdhdtd; jd; fle;J te;j fbdkhd ghijiag; gpd;Ndhf;fpg; ghu;f;fpd;w

nghOJ vj;jid vj;jidNah ,lu;fisAk; f\;lq;fisAk; fle;Jte;Nj

Nghl;bkpFe;j ,g;G+Tyfpy; rQ;rupj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;why; kpifahfhJ. ek;

xt;nthU khdpldJk; cs;sj;jpypUe;Jk; %isapypUe;Jk; gpwe;j vz;zq;fspd;

gpujpgypg;Ng xt;nthU gilg;Gf;fSk; MFk;.

mt;tifapy; gilg;Gf;fs; vd;gJ vOj;Jf;fs;> nraw;ghL vd;gtw;iw

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Njhw;wk; ngw;w NghjpYk; mit ntt;NtWgl;l

kdpju;fspd; vz;ztiyfspd; NtWghl;bd; tpisNt!

vOj;Jf;fs; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gpwf;Fk; filg;Gf;fNs ‘,yf;fpak;’ vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,yf;fpaq;fshdJ ‘fhyj;ijg; gpujpgypf;Fk; fz;zhb vdf;

$Wkstpw;F fhyNthl;lj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fhy khw;wj;ijak; r%f

khw;wj;ijAk; cs;thq;fpj; Njhw;wk; ngw;Ws;sd ,t;tpyf;fpaq;fs;. mt;tifapy;

‘ghujp’ GJik nra;j ,yf;fpathjp Mthu;. mbikj; jisfshy; fl;Lz;L

mwpahik vDk; ,Uspy; %o;fpf; fple;j mbikr; r%fj;ijAk; ngz;zbikj;

jdj;ijAk; NtNuhL mWj;J gpd; fz;l r%fj;ijw;F jd;gilg;Gf;fspd;

thapyhfg; Gj;Jzu;r;rpA+l;bdhu; vdyhk.; ‘ftpij’ vDk; gilg;gpD}lhf ,Uspy;

mfg;gl;Lf;fple;j ghuj ehl;il vOr;rpngwr; nra;jJ mtuJ gilg;Gf;fs; vd;why;

mij ahuhYk; kWf;fNth kiwf;fNth KbahJ.

mNjNghd;W ftpijg;gug;gpd; Moj;ijf; fhl;b rKfj;ij ntw;wpngwr; nra;j

ngUik ‘ghujpjhrd;’ vDk; ftpQUf;Nf cupj;jhFk;. ‘mLg;G+Jk; ngz;fSf;F

gbg;ngjw;F?’ vd;W $wpa rKfj;jpypUe;J ngz;fis rKfj;jpd; mbj;jsj;jpypUe;J

Kd;dzpf;F nfhz;L te;jtu;.

‘rpWfij’ vd;W $wg;gLk; gilg;Gf;fs; thapyhfTk; kdpjdpd; cs;Szu;Tfis

vy;yhk; mg;gl;lkhf glk;gpbj;Jf; fhl;batu;fs; rpWfijahrpupau;fs;. ‘kzpf;nfhb’ vDk; gj;jpupifapd; thapyhf rpWfij cyfpy; gpuNtrk; nra;j F.g. uh[Nfhghy;>

GJikg;gpj;jd;> fy;fp> nksdp Nghd;Nwhu; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftu;fs;. ‘tha; typikiaf; fhl;bYk; Ngdhtpd; Kid typikahdJ’ vd;w $w;Wf;fika jq;fspd; vOj;jhf;fg;

gilg;Gf;fspd; typikahy; GJTyif cUthf;fpdhu;fs;.

,t;tpyf;fpaq;fisg; nghWj;jtiu ghujkhapDk; <okhapDk; fPioj;NjrkhapDk;

Njrpa ,yf;fpa fiyg; ngUtpoh - 2014 rpNu\;l gpupT – fl;Liug; Nghl;b – Kjyhk; ,lk;

nry;tp. vk;.N[. ghj;jpkh \{`uj;

kl;/kk/ kPuh ghypfh Njrpa ghlrhiy> fhj;jhd;Fb.

Mf;fg+u;tkhd gilg;Gf;fshy; vjpu;fhy rKjhaj;ij nty;Nthk;.

]k; ]k;91


Nkiyj;NjrkhapDk; vy;yhtplq;fspYk; Mf;fg+u;tkhd ,yf;fpag; gilg;Gf;fspd;

ngauhy; kiwe;Jk; capu;tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwhu; Nkw;Fyf ftpijahrpupau;> ehlf

Mrpupau; vd jdf;Nf cupa gy;NtW Kfq;fisf; nfhz;l ‘N\f;];gpau;’ ,tNu gy Mf;fG+u;tkhd ,yf;fpa gilg;ghw;wYf;F topfhl;bahf ,Ue;jhu;. mNjNghy;

‘khg;g]hd;’ Nghd;w rpWfijahrpupau;fSk; jq;fs; gilg;ghw;wypd; rpwg;ghy; cyif

tyk; te;jtu;fs;.

,t;thW vOj;Jyifg; nghWj;jtiu mtw;wpy; gpNtrpj;jtu;fspd; gilg;ghf;fq;fs;

Gjpa cyF gw;wpa kdg;gjptpid kdpj rKf;jpd; Kd; nfhz;L te;J

epWj;jpd vdyhk;. me;jstpw;F rKff; FiwfisAk; epiwfisAk; Rl;bf;fhl;b

mtw;iwnay;yhk; fise;J GJik cyF gilf;f topfhl;bdhu;fs;.

Mf;fG+u;tkhd gilg;Gf;fs; vDk; NghJ ntWkNd vOj;jpdhy; vOjp jhs;fspdhy;

mr;rpl;L rKfj;ij nrd;wiltij kl;Lk; fUj KbahJ. ,tw;iwnay;yhk; jhz;b

jq;fsJ msg;gwpa fhyj;ijAk; nghd;dhd Neuj;ijAk; GJTyifg; gilf;f

etPd fz;Lgpbf;Gf;fis cUthf;fpa ‘tpQ;Qhdpfs;’ gw;wpAk; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.

xt;nthUtUk; jq;fspd; tho;ehspd; ngUk; gFjpia kdpjFyj;jpd; jd;ikfspd;

nghUl;L nrytopj;J cyfNk jpUk;gpf; ghu;f;f itj;j fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fSk; $l

Mf;fG+u;tkhd gilg;Gf;fNs!

njhiytpypUf;Fk; xUtUld; vt;tpj fk;gptop njhlu;Gk; Neubahf ,y;yhJ

xUtUld; fijg;gJ xU fhyj;jpy; rhj;jpakpy;iy. mt;thwhd xU fijiaahFk;

$wpdhYk; mtu;fis Ntbf;ifahfg; ghu;f;Fk; rKfj;jpd; kj;jpapy; ‘njhiyNgrp’ iaf; fz;Lgpbj;jhu ‘mnyf;\hd;lu; fpu`k;ngy;’ ,d;W cyfj;jpd; ve;j

%iyapypUf;Fk; xUtUlDk; ve;jf; fzj;jpYk; ciuahw;w Kbfpd;wJ vd;why;

mk;kdpjdpd; Gj;jhf;fr; rpe;jid %yNk ,d;iwa cyF cs;sq;iff;Fs;

fplf;fpd;wJ.

‘njhiyf;fhl;b’ %yk; njhiytpYs;s cyif jpUk;gpg; ghu;f;f itj;jtu;

‘fypypNah fyPyp’ jd; fz;Lgpbg;ig cyfNk cjpu;j;jJ. ,Ul;liwapDs;

rpiwitj;J FUldhf;fp jd;idf; fy;yiwapd; tpspk;gpy; js;sptpl;l cyfk; E}

w;whz;Lfs; fopj;J mtUf;F rpiyitj;Jf; nfhz;lhbaJ.

jPuhj gpzpapy; Jd;Gw;w kdpj Fyj;ij kPl;L ghLgl;lhu; ‘Y}ap gh];lu;’ Ez;Zapu;f; nfhy;ypia fz;Lgpbj;jhu;. kjp Nghd;W mofhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;W tjdj;ijg; gw;wp tUzid nra;j Gytu;fs; xU fhyj;jpy; mk;ik Nehapd;

jPtpuj;jhy; cz;ikapy; kdpj Kfq;fs; Fd;Wk; FopAk; epiwe;j kjp Nghd;Nw

MdJ. mtyl;rzkpFe;j Kfq;fis itj;Jf; nfhz;L rKfj;jpd; Kd;dpiyapy;

nry;tjw;F ntl;fg;gl;L tPl;bDs; mlq;fpf; fple;J khz;L Nghd rKfj;ij mk;ik

NehapypUe;J tpLtpj;jtu; ‘vl;yu;l; n[d;du;’.

,t;thW xt;nthU kdpjdpdJk; jPtpukhd Kaw;rpfspd; %ykhfTk; mtu;fspd;

Mw;wy; kpf;f gilg;Gf;fs; %yKk; cyfj;ijg; Gjpa gupzhkj;jpw;F ,l;Lr;

nrd;wdu;. md;W tho;e;j kdpjd; fy;iyAk; fy;iyAk; curp jPiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jJ

KjNy cyfk; etPdj;jpd; tpspk;igj; njhl;Ltpl;lJ. G+kpahdJ jl;ilah?

cUz;ilah? vd;W tpthjpj;j fhyk; Ngha; g+kpf;F cs;NsAk; ntspNaAk; vd;d

]k; ]k;92


elf;fpd;wJ vd;W Ma;T nra;Ak; fhykhf khwpAs;sJ. ,t;thwhd Mf;fG+u;tkhd

gilg;Gf;fisg; gilj;j gy;NtW egu;fSk; rupj;jpuj;jpy; ,lk;gpbj;Js;sdu;. Nru;

epA+l;ld;? Nkupfpa+up> rp.tp. ,uhkd;> fpu`k;ngy;> khu;f;Nfhzp vd;W mLf;fpf;

nfhz;Nl Nghfyhk;.

gy;NtWgl;l gilg;Gf;fs; cyfpy; Njhd;wpdhYk; $l Mf;fG+u;tkhd gilg;Gf;fshy;

kl;LNk Gjpa cyifg; gilf;fKbAk;. ,jw;Fjhuzkhf ‘my;gu;l; Id;];ld;’ cyfj;ijNa cYf;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mZFz;ilf; fz;Lgpbj;jtu;. ,jd;

%yk; ,uz;lhk; cyfkfhAj;j fhyj;jpy; gy cau;Nrjq;fs; Vw;gl;ld. mjd;

tpisT ,d;W tiu [g;ghdpd; ̀ pNuh\pkh kw;Wk; ehfrhfp Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fis

Ml;bg; gilj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ vdyhk;. ,d;W tiu mq;F gpwf;fpd;w

Foe;ijfs; CdkhfNt gpwf;fpd;wd. mq;f xU Gw;G+z;L $l Kisf;fhj

epiyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpypUe;J Mf;fG+u;tkw;w gilg;Gf;fshy; Vw;gLk;

rPuopTfis tpsq;Ffpd;wd.

ru;tNjr murpay; gug;gpy; $l gy;NtW Nghu;fs; gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gl;Lf; nfhz;Nl

ehshe;jk; cs;sd. cyf ty;yuRfs; Vida muRfspy; Nghu;fisj; njhLj;J

cyfNk ,d;W RLfhlhf khwpcs;sJ. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; cyfk; etPdk; fz;L

mjd; top nry;tjdhy; MDk;. Mk;! ,d;W fz;Lgpbj;J re;ijf;F ehshe;jk;

mwpKfk; nra;ag;gLk; Gjpa tif MAjq;fs; vd;gdNt mjw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;.

mNj Nghd;W mz;ikapy; rpupahtpy; eilngw;w ,urhadj;jhf;Fjy; ,jw;F jf;f

rhd;whFk;. ,itnay;yhk; etPd fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fspd; tpistpdhy; MFk;. Mdhy;

,it Mf;fg+u;tkhd gilg;ghf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; ,jd; %yk; r%fk; ed;ikNa

fz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. MdhYk; ,jw;F khw;wkhf gilg;Gf;fs; %yk; cyfNk

mr;RWj;jy; fz;Ls;sJ. tUj;jj;jpw;Fupa tplakhFk;.

r%fj; njhlu;ghlw; rhjdq;fs; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l NghJ rKfj;jpd; vy;yh

kl;lj;jpYs;s kf;fSk; ,jDs; cs;thq;fg;gl;l NghjpYk; ,d;iwa rKf

njhlu;Grhjdq;fs; %yk; gy;NtW jPikfisNa fz;L tUfpd;wJ. Kfg;Gj;jfk;>

kpd;dQ;ry;> ,izak; vd;gd ed;ikf;F gad;gLj;jg;gl;lhYk; $l mit

jPikapd; topapNyNa ,d;W nry;fpd;wd. Fwpg;ghf Kfg;Gj;jfk; njhlu;gpy;

2014 kl;Lk; ,Jtiu ,yq;ifapy; 500 Kiwg;ghLfs; fpilf;fg; ngw;Ws;sik

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. Kfg;Gj;jfk; njhlu;gpy; gy;NtW capu;fSk; gupjhgfukhf

,of;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

tpQ;Qhdk; tsu;tjw;F Kd; kdpjd; gy;NtWgl;l mD$yq;fisg; ngwhtpbDk;

$l jPikfs; ,d;wpNa tho;e;J te;jhd;. Mdhy; ,d;iwa #oypy; thOk; kf;fs;

gy;NtWgl;l cly;> cs uPjpahd gpur;rpidfis vjpu;Nehf;Ffpd;wdu;.

Mjpfhyj;jpy; tho;e;j kf;fs; ,d;iwa kdpjd; vjpu;Nehf;FtJ Nghd;W

gy;JiwapYk; gpur;rpidfs; ,d;wp RKfkhf> re;Njh\khf> MNuhf;fpakhf

tho;e;jhd;. cliy tUj;jp Ntiy nra;ahJ ,Ue;j ,lj;jpNyNa fzpdpf;F

Kd;dhy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L tpirg;gyifapy; jl;bf;nfhz;Lk; ,Ue;J fpilf;fpd;w

mjpub czTfis cz;Lk; tho;e;jhy; gy;NtW cly; njhlu;ghd Neha;fis

vjpu;nfhs;fpd;whd;. Gw;WNeha;> cau;FUjpaKf;fk;> nfhy];Nuhy; vd;W GJg;GJ

Neha;fs; kdpjid Ml;nfhz;Ls;sJ.

]k; ]k;93


mtrufjp cyfpdhy; kdpju;fspd; Ntiyg;gS mjpfupj;J kduPjpahd

cisr;ry;fSf;F Mshfpd;wdu;. ,jdhy; rKfj;jpy; gy;NtWgl;l FLk;gg;

gpur;rpidfisAk; ehshe;jk; re;jpf;fpd;wdu;.

MfNt jhd; kdpjd; thOk; #oy; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhz;L jk; gilg;Gf;fis

Mf;f Kd;tu Ntz;Lk;. Mf;fg+u;tkhd gilg;Gf;fs; %yk; #oy;> kdpjd;> rKfk;

vd;gd ghjpg;Gwf;$lhJ.

tuyhw;wpdbg;gilapy; fz;Lte;j khw;wq;fis vy;yhk; cs;thq;fp cUthf;fg;gl;l

Mf;fq;fs; kdpjidg; gz;gLj;JgtjhfNt fhzg;gl Ntz;LNk xopa kdpjidg;

Gz;gLj;Jgitahf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ.

,d;W ehk; fz;Lgpbf;Fk; Mf;fG+u;tkhd thfdq;fs; $l #oYf;F cfe;jjhf

#oYf;F Gifff;fhjjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

mNjNghd;W rKftiyg;gpd;dy;fs; %yk; Vw;gLk; fyhrhu rPuopTfs; ,y;yhJ

rKfj;ij xd;wpizf;Fk; rKf ClfkhfNt mit njhopw;gl Ntz;Lk;.

kdpjufspd; cstpaiyg; ghjpf;fhj tz;zk; jpiug;glq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. ,d;W cUthf;fg;gLk; jpiug;glq;fisAk; ,yf;fpaq;fisAk;

nghWj;jtiu tu;j;jfq;fis ikakhff; nfhz;Nl cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

Muk;gfhy fl;lj;jpy; ,yf;fpaq;fs; gilf;fg;gl;lJ Nghd;W rKfj;jpd;

ed;ikfis Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L jukhd ,yf;fpak; gilf;Fk; kugpypUe;J

tpyfp vjpu;ghy; ftu;r;rpia ntWkNd fhl;lf;$ba ,yf;fpaq;fs; kl;LNk

gilf;fg;gLtJ tUj;jj;jpw;Fupa tplakhFk;.

mNjNghd;W ,d;W glkhf;fg;gLfpd;w jpiug;glf; fhl;rpfis ntWkNd

gpuk;khz;lkhf vLf;fg;gLtNjhL kl;Lk; epd;WtpLfpd;wJ. ,jd; %yk; jukhd

gilg;Gf;fisf; fhz;gJ mupjpYk; mupjhfptpl;lJ.

vdNt jhd; vk;khy; cUthf;fg;gLk; gilg;Gf;fs; ntWkNd tpiyf;F kl;Lk;

tpiyNghff;$bathW cUthf;fg;glhJ Mf;fG+u;tkhdjhf vjpu;fhy rKjhaj;ij

ntw;wpnfhs;tjhf mika ,iwtidg; gpuhu;j;jpg;Nghkhf!


rpj;jpuk; - fdp\;l gpupT


nry;tp. vk;.V.vg;. m];dh

kl;/kk/ my;mkPd; tpj;jpahyak;

]k; ]k;94


Njrpa ,yf;fpa fiyg; ngUtpoh - 2014

jpwe;j gpupT – ghlyhf;fk; Nghl;b – Kjyhk; ,lk;

jpUkjp . kPuhKifjPd; ck;K erPyh

,y. 18/33> my; mkPd; tPjp> Gjpa fhj;jhd;Fb-06.

ehLk; ehKk;

Rw;Wr;R+oy; Rj;jk; Ngz VNyyq;fpspNa

rw;W ehk; epjhdk; nfhs;Nthk; VNyyq;fpspNa

ntw;Wg;Nghj;jy; rpul;il kl;ilnad VNyyq;fpspNa

NtW Njitf;fhf;fpLNthk; VNyyq;fpspNa!

mz;ik mayhu; eyj;jpnyy;yhk; VNyyq;fpspNa

mf;fiw ehk; nfhs;s NtZk; VNyyq;fpspNa

fz;fz;l ,lj;jpnyy;yhk; VNyyq;fpspNa

fopTfis tPrf;$lhJ VNyyq;fpspNa!

tPL NrUk; fopTfis VNyyq;fpspNa

tpjpj;jpl;l jpdq;fspNy VNyyq;fpspNa

ehb te;J mfw;wpLthu; VNyyq;fpspNa

ey;ynjhU cs;Suhl;rp VNyyq;fpspNa!

efu gpuNjr eyDf;fhf VNyyq;fpspNa

ekJ ehl;L murhq;fk; VNyyq;fpspNa

efu cjtpj;jpl;lq;fis VNyyq;fpspNa

epwg;gkhf nra;fpd;wJ VNyyq;fpspNa!

NjbtUk; kuz nlq;if VNyyq;fpspNa

Njrpakha; xopf;f jpl;lk; VNyyq;fpspNa

Cu; $ba Kd;ndLg;ghy; VNyyq;fpspNa

capur;rk; Fiwe;J kf;fs; VNyyq;fpspNa!

Rfhjhug; gzp kidapy; VNyyq;fpspNa

Rfe; Nrit ,ytrkha VNyyq;fpspNa

khefu efu gpuNjr VNyyq;fpspNa

khl;rpikf;F cs;Suhl;rp rig VNyyq;fpspNa!

]k; ]k;95


NgRk; kf;fNsh bize;J VNyyq;fpspNa

gpuNjr nrayfk; Nritnra;a VNyyq;fpspNa

ahrpf;Fk; tWik Nghf;f VNyyq;fpspNa - ,d;W

jptpneFk ey;yNrjp jUk; VNyyq;fpspNa!

,ytrf; fy;tp Ald; VNyyq;fpspNa

vkf;fhd itj;jpa rhiyfs; VNyyq;fpspNa

epiy fhf;f fhyuz;fs; VNyyq;fpspNa – rfyJk;epiwthf vkJ ehl;by; VNyyq;fpspNa!

cyff; fpz;zq;fis VNyyq;fpspNa

capu; nfhLj;J tpisahb VNyyq;fpspNa

vk; kz;zpd; tPuu;fs; VNyyq;fpspNa

ntd;W te;J ngUik Nru;g;ghu; VNyyq;fpspNa!

Mruj;j jpl;lk; vy;yhk; VNyyq;fpspNa

mgptpUj;jp cr;rj;jpNy VNyyq;fpspNa

Mrpahtpd; mjprakha; VNyyq;fpspNa

mofhd vkJ ,yq;if VNyyq;fpspNa!


rpj;jpuk; - rpNu\;l gpupT


nry;tp. V.V.vg;. wpjh

kl;/kk/ kpy;yj; kfspu; tpj;jpahyak;

Njrpa ,yf;fpa fiyg; ngUtpoh - 2014 ghyu; gpupT – ftpij ghly; Nghl;b – Kjyhk; ,lk;

nry;tp. vk;.v];.vg;. wpdh

kl;/kk/ `pOwpa;ah tpj;jpahyak;> fhj;jhd;Fb.

]k; ]k;96


Njrpa ,yf;fpa fiyg; ngUtpoh - 2014jpwe;j gpupT – ftpij – Kjyhk; ,lk;

jpUkjp. mg+gf;fu; mdP]h ghD,y. 297/35> gpu;njs]; efu;> Gjpa fhj;jhd;Fb-02

Mz;ltNd mUs; Guptha;

cz;ikapid ciuf;fpd;Nwhk; xt;Nthu; ehSk;,y;tho;tpy; ,dpikAwj; Njw tpy;iyed;ikfs; nra;fpd;Nwhk;> ehq;fs; ehSk;ed;iknad ey;tho;Tk; mika tpy;iy,d;gq;fs;> ,Lf;fz;fs; vd;Wk; tho;tpy;milfpd;Nwhk;> Mde;jk; ,y;iy ghupy;>td;ikAld; Nfl;fpd;Nwhk; ty;Nyhd; ,iwththo;tpdpNy tre;jj;ij gug;gp itNad;!

NeaKWk; ez;gu;fs; epjk; ,Ue;jhu;epd;tho;tpy; njhy;iy tu mtu; gpupe;jhu;fatu;fs; fs;tu;fs; tho;T vy;yhk;fhrpdpapy; fUj;JwNt mikAk; NghJRakhf cioj;Jz;L fhyk; Nghf;Fk;Nrhjuu;fs; vk; tho;tpy; Nrhfk; epj;jk;!J}atNd njhy;iyfs; jPu;j;J ,e;j (f;)fhrpdpapy; vk; tho;it kyu itNad;!

,iwar;rk;> epidTlNd vq;fs; tho;itcdf;fhf fopf;fpd;Nwhk; xt;Nthu; nghOJk;rpiwAw;Nwhk;> fiwAw;Nwhk; rfj;jpy; ehKk;rpwg;ghd tho;ntz;zpj; jtpf;fpd;NwhNk!eiwAw;w tijnadNt vq;fs; tho;Tk;eype;jjdhy; ehnsy;yhk; Jauk; fz;Nlhk;!Fiwapy;yhf; Ftyakha tho;T xd;iwnfhLj;jUNsd;> J}atnd vkf;F epj;jk;!

vj;jpf;fpw; nrd;wpbDk; tho;tpy; epj;jk;vopypd;wpj; jtpf;fpd;Nwhk;> Vf ,withrj;jhd Xu; tho;it ghupy; vd;Wk; je;jUs jaTlNd ,iuQ;Rfpd;Nwhk;!nfhj;jhfj; njhy;iyfs; te;J tho;itFiyf;fpd;wNj> nfLf;fpwNj ,d; epiyiaKw;whf ePnahopj;J vq;fs; tho;tpy;KWtnyDk; Ky;iyapid kyu itNad;!

ngha;apid nghOnjy;yhk; ciuj;J thOk;nghy;yhNjhu; fhz;fpd;whu; epj;jk; kpd;gk;nka;nahd;Nwh Nkd;ikjUk; vd;W vz;zpNkjpdpapy; rPtpf;Fk; vq;fs; tho;tpy; itakjpy; epiyj;JsNj> gpwu; jatpy; tho;fpd;w epiyikaJ ,jidg; Nghf;fpIakpy;yh mikjpAW tho;T xd;WMz;ltNd ,d;wpUe;J mUsr; nra;tha;!

]k; ]k;97


Njrpa ,yf;fpa fiyg; ngUtpoh - 2014 jpwe;j gpupT – rpWfif Mf;fg; Nghl;b – Kjyhk; ,lk;

jpUkjp. rpj;jp waP]h Kfk;kJ epah];

,y. 155> ]htpah tPjp> fhj;jhd;Fb-01.

mk;khTk; mg;ghTk; Ngrpf;nfhz;bUe;jJ uh[htpd; fhJfspy; vNjr;irahf

tpOe;jJ. Ngr;rpy; jd; ngaUk; mbglNt fhij $u;ikahf;fpdhd; ‘uh[hit vg;gbq;f tpl;Ll;Lg; Nghw. mtd; rpd;dg;igad;. ujpahtJ rkhspj;Jf; nfhs;ths;.

mk;khtpd; ftiyahd Fuy; uh[hit NkYk; ftdkhf Nfl;f itj;jJ. mtu;fspd;

Ngr;irf; Nfl;ff; Nfl;f re;NjhrKk; ftiyAk; fye;j Xu; ,de; njupahj czu;tpy;

,Ue;jhd; uh[h.

mk;khTk; mg;ghTk; Ntiyepkpj;jk; xUkhjk; fl;lhakhf ntspa+u; nry;fpwhu;fs;

gps;isfis vd;d nra;tJ? vd;gNj mtu;fspd; Ngr;rpd; rhuhk;rk;.

‘ehd; tuy;Ny. ePq;fkl;Lk; Ngha; thUq;fs;’ mk;kh Kbthfr; nrhd;dhs;.

‘mwpNthLjhd; NgRfpwhah? ,e;j l;nuapdpq;fpw;Fg; Nghfhl;b cd;id

NtiyapypUe;Nj J}f;fptpLthu;fs;. mg;Gwk; vg;gb FLk;gr; nryitr; rkhspg;gJ?

gps;isfspd; gbg;igf; Fiyf;f KbahJ. mtu;fs; ];$y; NghfDk;. mjdhy;

mtu;fisAk; $l;br; nry;y KbahJ. vd;d nra;ayhk; vd;W Nahrp’ kidtpf;F fl;lisapl;ltuhf mg;ghTk; rpe;jidapy; Mo;e;jhu;.

ePz;l Neu MNyhridapd; gpd; vq;fis khyh md;upAld; jq;fitg;gJ vd;W

KbntLf;fg;gl;lJ. mjd; gpd; vq;fsplk; nra;jp njuptpf;fg;gl;L mgpg;gpuhak;

Nfl;fg;gl;lJ.

uh[hTf;Nfh re;Njhrk; jhstpy;iy. vg;NghJk; gbgbnad;W nrhy;y mk;kh ,y;iy.

ed;whf fhu;l;̂ d; ghu;f;fyhk;. tpisahlyhk;. fhiyapy; J}q;fyhk;. I];fpwPk; …k;….

rhg;gplyhk;. Rje;jpukhfj; jpupayhk;… ,d;Dk; vj;jidNah …yhk;fs;. 12 taJ

uh[htpw;F ,J xU kfpo;r;rpahd tplakhfNt Njhd;wpaJ.

‘ehq;f Ngha;tUk; tiu cq;fshy; ,Uf;fKbAkh? rkhspg;gPu;fsh?’ mg;gh

ftiyAld;jhd; Nfl;lhu; mk;khtpd; Kfj;jpNyh cyfj;jpd; nkhj;jftiyfSk;

Fbnfhz;bUe;jd.

‘ehd; ,Ue;Jnfhs;Ntd;. mf;fhitAk; ghu;j;Jf;nfhs;Ntd;. ePq;fs; ftiyg;glhky;

Ngha; thUq;fs; mg;gh> mk;kh’ vd;W ngupa kdpjd; Njhuizapy; $wpa uh[hit

mg;gbNa fl;bf;nfhz;lhs; mk;kh.

xUthW gazehs; te;jJ. g];epiyak; tiu nrd;W mOJ nfhz;Nl Gwg;gl;l

mg;ghitAk; mk;khitAk; rpupj;Jf;nfhz;Nl topaDg;gpdhd;. gpwe;jjpypUe;J

ngw;Nwhiug; gpupe;jwpahj uh[htpw;F ,J xU Gjpa mDgtkhf ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy;

mtDf;F vjpu;khwhf mtdJ mf;fh ujp mOJ nfhz;bUe;jJ mtDf;F

Mr;rupaakhf ,Ue;jJ. ,tu; Vd; mOfpwhu;. mg;gh> mk;kh ,y;yhtpl;lhy;

ey;ye;jhNd vd jdf;Fs;Ns Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lhd;.

‘uh[h ,q;Nf th’ vd mioj;j khyh md;upaplk; ‘ehd; tpisahbl;L thud;’ vd gjpiy vjpu;ghuhky; rpl;lha; ntspNa gwe;jhd;.

]k; ]k;98


Kjy; thuj;ij jd; tpUg;gg;gbNa fopj;jhd;. uh[h kWf;Fk; md;upaplk; gpbthjkhf

mOJ vijAk; rhjpj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. jpdKk; I];fpwPk;. ‘xU ehs; mk;kh I];fpwPk;

rhg;gpl tpLtNjapy;iy rsp> rspnad;W rupahd fl;Lg;ghL. ,Njh ehd; jpdKk;

thq;fpr; rhg;gpLfpNwNd> vd;dj ele;Jtplg;NghfpwJ’ vd;W jdf;Fj;jhNd Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhd;. tpisahl;Lk; TV Akhf nghOijf; fopj;jhd;. khyh md;upNah

mtidf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; topnjupahky; jpifj;jhs;.

,uz;lhtJ thuKk; mg;gbNa fope;jJ. %d;whtJ thuj;jpy; nky;y vl;bg;ghu;j;j

rsp ,Uky; fha;r;rYld; ngupjhfp itj;jparhiyapy; ml;kpl; gz;zNtz;ba

mstpw;F te;Jtpl;lJ.

nky;y nky;y mk;kh mg;ghtpd; Njit Gupaj;njhlq;fpaJ mtDf;F. mtdhy;

,dp xU epkplk; $l mtu;fs; ,y;yhky; ,Uf;f Kbatpy;iy.

‘jk;gpf;F vd;d thq;fp tu’ mk;kh Kjy; thuk; Nghdpy; Nfl;lNghJ nrhfNyl;>

fhu;nghk;ik> nlhgp vd mLf;fpa rhkhd; yp];il ,g;NghJ epidj;jhy; Nfhgk;

Nfhgkha; te;jJ. mk;khtplk; cldbahfg; NgrNtz;Lk; Nghy; ,Ue;jJ. M];gj;jpup

fl;bypy; ,Ue;Jnfhz;L mk;khtpw;F xU fbjk; vOjpdhd;. ftdkhf mij

kbj;J xl;bdhd;. mk;kh te;jJk; fhl;b Ntz;Lk; vd;W gj;jpukhf vLj;J itj;Jf;

nfhz;lhd;. mg;gbNa mau;e;J J}q;fptpl;lhd;.

‘uh[h> uh[h…. vOk;Gq;f. ,e;j [_i]f;Fbq;f ,d;dpf;F cq;fis tPl;bw;F

Nghfr; nrhy;ypl;lhq;f. vOk;Gq;f…’

ahu;? mk;khth? mk;khjhd;. Mdhy; Vd; nts;is cLg;gpy; epw;fpwhu;. ifapy;

vd;d? [_]; fpsh];.

‘mk;kh.. mk;kh… eP vq;Nfk;kh Nghd. vd;dhy; jdpah ,Uf;f Kbayk;kh. thk;kh

tPl;bw;fg; Nghfyhk;’ mk;khtpd; ifiag; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L mOjhd;.

‘,e;k [_i]f; Fbq;f. Nghtk;’ fpshi] mtdJ thapd; mUNf nfhz;Lte;jhs;

mk;kh. mtd; Fbf;fj; njhlq;Fk; NghJ> fpshi]j; jl;btpl;lhs;.

‘mk;kh ,y;iynad;W cd; ,\;lj;jpw;F jpupe;J tpl;L ,g;NghJ ghu;. eP ,g;NghJ

Nehapdhy; rhfg;Nghfpwha;. cd; mk;kh ,dp tukhl;lhu;. cd;id ehd; xU W}kpy;

Nghl;L milf;fg;NghfpNwd;. mq;Nf vyp> G+uhd;> kl;ilj;Njs; Vd; ghk;G vy;yhk;

,Uf;F. nrhy; Nfshj gps;;isfSf;F ,Jjhd; jz;lid’ vd;wts; mtidj;

jujuntd;W ,Oj;Jr; nrd;W Xu; ,Ul;L miwf;Fs; js;spg; G+l;bdhy;. fjtpd; Nky;

iffshy; mbj;Jf;nfhz;L ‘mk;kh> mk;kh ehd; ,dpNk mg;gbr;nra;akhl;Nld;.

vd;id kd;dpj;J tpLq;fs;. mk;kh mg;gh ,y;yhjJ vt;tsT nfl;l tplak; vd;W

,g;NghJjhd; GupfpwJ. ngw;NwhNuhL ,Ug;gJjhd; cz;ikahd Rje;jpuk; vd;W

vdf;F ,g;Nfh tpsq;FfpwJ. mk;kh fjitj; jpwq;f… vdf;Fg; gakh ,Uf;F….

mk;kh… mk;kh… M…’ vd;W mywpatdhf fPNo rha;e;jhd;.

‘uh[h> uh[h… vOe;jpU vd;d ,J fl;bypypUe;J tpOe;Jtpl;lhah? ,Njh ghu; cd;

mk;kh te;Jtpl;Nld;. fz;izj;jpw’ uh[h fz;izj; jpwe;J ghu;j;jhd;. M];gj;jpupf;

fl;bypy; ,Ue;J fPNo tpOe;jpUe;jhd;. ml… fdT…. vd;d gaq;fuk;!!

]k; ]k;99


cz;ikapNyNa mk;kh mtd; Kd;Nd gr;ir epw Nriyapy; mt;d mk;kh mtd;

Kd;Nd…. ‘vd; mk;kh vt;tsT moF. ahUk; mtiug;Nghy; mofpy;iy’ kdjpDs;

jhdhf vz;zk; XbaJ.

‘Nr…. vd;d ,d;W ,g;gbnay;yhk; epidf;fpNwd;. ,t;tsT fhyKk; ehk;

mk;khNthL ,t;tsT cupikNahL neUf;fkhf czu;e;jjpy;iy. vd;d klj;jdk;.

mk;kh nrhy;Yk; mwpTiufSk; ey;y tplaq;fSk; vdf;Fg; gpbf;ftpy;iy.

mjdhy;jhd; mtis xU tpNuhjpNghy; ghu;j;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;. tpisahl;Lg; Gj;jp

mk;khit KOikahfg; gupe;j nfhs;s mtid tpl;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;gj

,g;NghJjhd; mtDf;F tpsq;fpaJ.

‘mk;kh.. mk;kh… ehd;… ePq;f…. te;J’

ehf;fj; jLkhw mk;khit mizj;Jf;nfhz;lhd;.

‘,dpNky; vq;NfAk; vd;id tpl;Ltpl;Lg; Nghfhjk;kh…..’

‘,y;ylh. ehd; vq;NfAk; Nghfkhl;Nld;. vd; nry;yk;… mk;khit uhk;g kp];

gz;zpahlh?... th tPl;bw;Fg; Nghfyhk;’ kfid mizj;jthW mioj;Jf;nfhz;L

tPl;il Nehf;fpg; Gwg;gl;lhs; mk;kh!

cyfnkhj;jKk; mtDf;Fr; nrhe;jkhfp tpl;lJNghy; re;Njhrj;NjhL mk;khNthL

ele;J nrd;whd; uh[h.

Njrpa ,yf;fpa fiyg; ngUtpoh - 2014

ghyu; gpupT – ifnaOj;Jg; Nghl;b – Kjyhk; ,lk; (jkpo;)

nry;tp. K.,. ghj;jpkh ,];gh

kl;/kk/ ]htpah kfspu; tpj;jpahyak;> fhj;jhd;Fb

Njrpa ,yf;fpa fiyg; ngUtpoh – 2014 ghyu; gpupT – ifnaOj;Jg; Nghl;b – Kjyhk; ,lk;

(Mq;fpyk;)

nry;tp. m.m. ghj;jpkh g];Yy; udh

kl;/kk/ ]htpah kfspu; tpj;jpahyak;> fhj;jhd;Fb.

Njrpa ,yf;fpa fiyg; ngUtpoh – 2014 fdp\;l gpupT – ftpij ghly; Nghl;b – Kjyhk; ,lk;

nry;tp. V.V. MRy; kpg;u`h

kk;`J];]{d;dh me;egtpa;ah kfspu; muGf; fy;Y}up> fhj;jhd;Fb.

]k; ]k;100


2014

gpuNjr fiy

,yf;fpa tpkhtpy;

nfsutpf;fg;gLNthh;

]k; ]k;101


my;`h[;.jk;gp nyg;ig- mg;Jy; m]P]; (eifr;Rit)

,tu; 1946.02.12k; jpfjp fhj;jhd;Fbapy; gpwe;jtu;.jdJ Muk;gf;fy;tpia

fhj;jhd;Fb kj;jpa fy;Yhupapy; fw;Ws;shu;.jw;fhyj;jpy; fhj;jefu; kf;fs;

midtuhYk; md;Gld; “m]P]; khkh” vd;W miof;fg;gLk; ,tu; rpwe;j

eifr;Ritahsu;.mJkl;Lkd;wp Nlhyf;> wghd;> kTj;Xfd;> Nkhu; rq;F

Nghd;w Vida ,irf;fUtpfisAk; ,irf;Fk; ty;yik nfhz;ltu;.

jhNd ghl;nlOjp jhNd ,iraikj;J jf;f re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Nfw;g

eifr;Ritahfg; ghLtJ ,tupd; jdpr;rpwg;G.

fle;j 44 tUlq;fshf rhujpahfj; njhopy; Gupe;JtUk; ,tu;

khztg;gUtj;jpNyNa fiyj;Jiwapy; ,Ue;j Mu;tk; fhuzkhf iluf;lu;

ghYkNfe;jpuhtpd; je;ij rptghY Mrpupaupd; ghriwapy; eifr;Ritahfg;

ghlTk;> ehlfq;fspy; Ngrp ebf;fTk;> ghly;fs; ,aw;wTk; ghlTkhff;

fw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;shu;.

,tuJ ,f;fiyg;gazj;jpy; “fhtd;dh %dh” vDk; tpy;Yg;ghl;Lj;

njhFg;gpYk; jdJ jpwikia ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sJld; fhj;jhd;Fb FM

kPbah A+dpl;bdhy; 87>88 MtJ ,Wtl;Lfshf ntspaplg;gl;l “uk;gNu uk;gh” vDk; eifr;Ritj; njhFg;G> “uk;gNu uk;gh-2” vDk; tpfltpUe;J

vd;gtw;iwf; Fwg;gplyhk;.NkYk;”fhzhky; Nghd fyhrhuk;” vDk; FWe;

jpiug;glj;jpYk; ,tu; Kf;fpa fjhghj;jpuj;ij tfpj;Js;sJld; ,J

tre;jk; rQ;rpifapdhy; ,Wtl;Lf;fshfTk; ntspapl;L itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

“eifr;Ritj; jpyfk;”vDk; nfsutg;gl;lj;Jld; Gwhf; ez;gu;

fofj;jpdhy; 1999k; Mz;L “fiyj; njd;wy;” vDk; nfsuKk; ,tUf;F

toq;fg;gl;Ls;sik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

,g;ngUk; %j;j fiyQiu ,t;tUl(2014) gpuNjr fyhrhu rhfpj;jpa

tpohtpd;NghJ ,tuJ fiyg;gzpfSf;fhf tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpg;gjpy;

fhj;jhd;Fbf; fyhrhug; NguitahdJ ngUkfpo;r;rpailfpd;wJ.

]k; ]k;102


fhj;jhd;Fb w`Pk;(ftpij)

,tuJ KOg;ngau; `gPg; Kfk;kJ- Kfk;kJ w`Pk;.,tu; 1960.01.20k;

jpfjp fhj;jhd;Fb 6;y; gpwe;Js;sJld; rpwe;j ftpQUk; nksytpAkhd

,g;wh`pk; (ej;tP) mtu;fspd; rNfhjuu;.jdJ ,sikf;fhyj;jpNyNa

,yf;fpaj;Jiwapy; Mu;tk; nghz;l ,tu; fle;j 24 tUlq;fshfj; jkpo;

nkhop MrpupauhfTk; flikGupfpd;whu;.

1980 njhlf;fk; 1990 fhyg;gFjpfspy; kuGf;ftpij> GJf;ftpij vd

vOjpf;nfhz;bUe;jtu; 1990 ,d; gpwghL Vw;gl;l Aj;j #oy;piy fhuzkhf

GJf;ftpijfs; Gidag;gl;Ls;sd.mf;fhyj;jpy; rupepfu;> jpdfud;> tPuNfrup

Mfpa gj;jpupiffs; ,tUf;Fj; jf;f fskikj;Jf; nfhLj;Js;sd.

,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,tuhy; gpurtpf;fg;gl;l ftpijfspd; njhFg;ghdJ

fle;j tUlk; fpof;F khfkz gz;ghl;lYty;fs; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;

mr;rplg;gl;L kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l nrayfj;jpdhy; “vJif Nkhid> rPUk;

jisAnkd fl;bapWfpf; nfhz;bUe;jtu;” vd;W njhlUk; j.kyu;r;nry;td; mtu;fspd; Kd;DiuAld; “rptg;gG ,uTfs;” vDk; ehkj;Jld; ntspapl;L

itj;Js;sdu;.

mj;Jld; nkd;ikahd FzKk; rpwe;j Fuy; tsKk; kpf;f ,tu;

ftijfisg; GidtjpYk; mtw;iwg; gbg;gjpYk; kl;Lkd;wp rpwe;j

mwpt;g;ghsUkhf jd;id milahsg;gLj;jpf;nfhz;ltu;.

,f;fiyQiu ,t;tUl(2014) gpuNjr fyhrhu rhfpj;jpa tpohtpd;NghJ

,tuJ fiyg;gzpfSf;fhf tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpg;gjpy; fhj;jhd;Fb

fyhrhug; NguitahdJ ngUkfpo;r;rpailfpd;wJ.

]k; ]k;103


[dhg;.K`k;kJ ,];khapy;- K`k;kJ K]k;kpy;(ghly;)

,tu; fhj;jhd;Fb Kjyhk; Fwpr;rpapy; Xa;T ngw;w

mjpgu;>ku;̀ _k; S.H.M. ,];khapy;- fypkj;Jk;kh jk;gjpapdupd;

Gj;jpuu;fspy; xUtu;.

,tu; jdJ Muk;gf;fy;tpia fhj;jhd;Fb kl;/me;eh]u; tpj;jpahyaj;jpYk;

njhlu;e;J kl;/rpthde;jh tpj;jpahyaj;jpYk; fw;Ws;shu;.mf;fhyj;jpy;

mtuJ je;ijahu; “ghl;L ,];khapy; thj;jpahu;” vd;W miof;fg;gl;ljw;F

Vw;g mtupd; Gjy;thud ,tUk; rpwe;j Fuy; tsKk; rq;fPj QhdKk;

ngw;Wf; fhzg;gLfpd;whu;.mJkl;Lkd;wp my;kdhu; mwptpay; fy;Yhupapy;

fle;j 5 tUlq;fshf rpq;fs nkhopg; NghjdhrpupauhfTk>; ePjpaikr;rpd;

Xu; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;w nkhopngau;g;ghsuhfTk; jpfo;fpd;whu;.

f.ngh.j.(rh.j) tiu rq;fPjj;jpid xU ghlkhff; fw;Wj;Nju;e;j ,tu;

ghly; ,aw;wy;> ftpijfs;> ftpijfs; vOJjy; Nghd;wtw;wpy; mjpf

<LghLilatu;.1975 fspy; ntspahd ifnaOj;Jr; rQ;rpifahd

“G+e;Jzu;” ,y; xU njhlu;fijia vOjpaJ Kjy; ,tupd; fiyg;gazk;

Muk;gkhfpAs;sJ. mj;Jld; 1980fspy; ,yq;ifapd; Gfo;G+j;j fiyQu;

rpwPju; gpr;irag;gh> cf;Ftis fkhy;> khj;jis Ri`y; MfpNahUld;

Nkilf; fiyepo;r;rpapYk;> kl;lf;fsg;G efu kz;lgj;jpYk; ele;j

,ir epfo;r;rpapYk; gq;Nfw;Ws;shu;.gy;NtW ghlrhiyfspd; nghd;

tpohg;ghly;fs;> tuNtw;Gg; ghly;fs; vd;gd ,tuhy; ,aw;wg;gl;Ls;sJld;

gpuNjr nrayhsu; mtu;fspd; Nritiag; ghuhl;bg; ghlg;gl;l gly;fSk;

,Wtl;Lf;fshf ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sikAk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.




]k; ]k;104


fr;rpKfk;kJ- gJu;jPd;(Xtpak;)

,tu; ku;`_k; fr;rpKfk;kJ>mt;thg;gps;is jk;gj;pfSf;F

1972.04.13 k; jpfjp gpwe;Js;shu;.,tu; Nghw;wg;gl;l

Xtpad;.jdJ fy;tp fw;Fk; fhyj;jpNyNa ,tUld;

Nru;e;Nj Xtpaf;fiyAk; tsu;e;Js;sJ vdyhk;.,jdhy;

rfkhztu;fshYk; ezgu;fshYk; Mrpupau;fshYk;

ghuhl;bidg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l

,tu; tWik fhuzkhf jdJ fy;tpiaf; f.ngh.j(rh.j) tiu epWj;jptpl;L

Xtpaf;fiyiaj; njhopyhff; nfhz;Ls;shu;.

Xtpak;>ifg;gzpfs;tbtikg;G> ngapd;bq;>];bf;fu;fs; jahupj;jy;

vd;gtw;wpy; rpwg;Gj; Nju;r;rpiag; ngw;Ws;s ,tu; fhj;jhd;Fbapy;

kl;Lkd;wp ntspkhtl;lq;fspYs;s mur epWtdq;fs;>jdpahu; epWtdq;fs;

> ghlrhiyfs; > tq;fpfs;> rq;fq;fs;>fofq;fs; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd

ngau;g;gyiffs;> mwptpj;jw;gyiffs; kw;Wk; tpsk;gug;gyiffs;

vd;gtw;iw tbtikj;Jf; nfhLj;Jg; ghuhl;bidg; ngw;Ws;shu;.Nju;jy;

fhyq;fspy; tbtikf;fg;gl;l murpay; tpsk;huq;fSf;fspDhlhfj; jdJ

jpwikia ntspg;gLj;jpajd; thapyhfg; gy ghuhl;Lg;gjf;fq;fisAk;

ngw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;shu;.,jpy; mjpNkjF [dhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;]

mtu;fSf;fhd rpwg;G Xtpak; xd;wpid tiue;J guprspj;jjd;

thapyhf nghUshjhug; gpujpaikr;ru;.my;`h[;.MLAM.`p];Gy;yh

mtu;fshYk;>[dhjpgjp mtu;fshYk; Neubahfg; ghuhl;bidAk;

tho;j;jpidAk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;ltu;.

,jw;fk; mg;ghy; rkak; rhu;e;j Gdpjj;jyq;fspd; glq;fis jj;Ugkhf

tiue;J rhjid gilj;j ,tiu 1999k; Mz;L fuPg; eth]; ngsz;Nlrdhy;

“Xtpa xsp” vDk; gl;lKk; tpUJk; toq;fp nfsutpf;fg;gl;Ls;sik

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

fle;j 35 Mz;Lfshf Xtpaj;Jiwapy; rpwe;J tpaq;Fk; ,f;fiyQiu

,t;tUl(2014) gpuNjr fyhrhu rhfpj;jpa tpohtpd;NghJ ,tuJ

fiyg;gzpfSf;fhf tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpg;gjpy; fhj;jhd;Fb fyhrhug;

]k; ]k;105


Kfk;kJ mg;Jy; fhju; - Kfk;kJ n[yP];(Clfk;)

,tu; ku;`_k; Kfk;kJ mg;Jy; fhju;> `t;th ck;kh

jk;gjpapdupd; ,isa Gty;tuhf 1975.05.14 k; jpfjp

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tpohtpw;F mDruid toq;fpa jptpneFk

rq;fq;fs;.

1. gs;spthay;fs; K];ypk; epWtdq;fspd; rk;Nksdk;

2. jypghd;> tp\;lk; - 167C3. fpd;FNwh]; - 162A4. rgh - 167A5. K\h;ug;> rgh - 167B6. rgh - 167B7. GytdhH - 167E8. [d;dj; - 162

9. KifjPd; - 162

10. M\h - 164A11. nksyhdh> ckHruPg; - 166A12. uPkh lutyH];

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