Ансамбль «АРИНУШКА»

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Vilniaus rusø folkloro ansambliui „Arinuðka“ (vadovai Irena ir Nikolajus Zacharovai) 2008metais sukako dešimt metø. Ákurtas 1998 m. Vilniaus Justiniðkiø vidurinëje mokykloje, ansamblisjau po metø tapo prestiþiniø respublikiniø festivaliø ir konkursø „Dþiaukimës drauge“ ir „Dainødainelë“ laureatu.

Kolektyvas reprezentuoja Lietuvos rusø tradicinæ kultûrà tarptautiniuose festivaliuose „Skambaskamba kankliai“, „Baltica“, „Pokrovskije kolokola“, „Tradicija“ Lietuvoje; „Ruskaja piesnia“,„Zolotaja osien“, „Pskovskije zemèiuþiny“, „Mirovaja derevnia“ ir kt. Rusijoje, taip pat ávairiuoseBaltarusijos, Lenkijos, Latvijos festivaliuose. „Arinuðka“ koncertavo Maskvos dienø, Vilniausdienø renginiuose; ansamblio repeticijas, koncertus ne kartà filmavo Lietuvos, Estijos, Rusijostelevizijos. 2006 m., pakviestas italø kino studijos, kolektyvas dalyvavo kino filmo „Karas irtaika“ filmavime, taip pat filme „Transsibiro magistralë“.Ansamblieèiams ypaè svarbus tautieèiø etninëje tëvynëje pripaþinimas: nuo 2000 m. kolektyvasyra Rusijos folkloro sàjungos narys, „Arinuðkos“ meniná lygá gerai ávertino maestro MstislavasRostropovièius, kolektyvas ne kartà dalyvavo koncertuose prestiþinëse Maskvos ir kt. Rusijossalëse, o 2008 m. jis yra pakviestas parodyti programà Maskvos Èaikovskio konservatorijosabonementiniame koncerte. Rusijos spaudoje ansamblis „Arinuðka“ vadinamas „Lietuvos rusøvarpu“.Ansamblio istorijoje – daugiau kaip 500 koncertø. Kolektyvo vadovai nesiekia pasirodymøgausos, juos visada jaudina þiûrovø reakcija, jø susidomëjimas folkloru. „Arinuðkos“ dalyviøprofesionalumà uþtikrina gilus tradicijos paþinimas: deðimtys ekspedicijø pas Lietuvos sentikius,baltarusius, ðimtai uþraðytø ir iððifruotø dainø, reguliarûs susitikimai ir draugystë su dainøpateikëjais ir, þinoma, „Arinuðkos“ vadovø Nikolajaus ir Irenos Zacharovø atsidavusiø darbuisu savo „kûdikiu“, energija, gilus savo profesijos išmanymas.Ansamblio repertuare kalendorinës, vestuviø, karinës, lyrinës, rateliø dainos, ðokiai, uþraðytipaèiø kolektyvo dalyviø ið Lietuvos rusø sentikiø ir baltarusiø, taip pat dainos ið Pietø Rusijosregiono, kurias iðmokti padeda folkloro specialistai, etnografai ið Rusijos ir rusø etnografiniai,folkloro ansambliai.

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„Arinuðka“ ðiandien – tai ne tik folkloro ansamblis, betir iðtisa etninio muzikinio lavinimo sistema. Per 10 darboVilniuje metø kolektyvo vadovams pavyko ákurti Vilniausrusø folkloro centrà, Slavø tradicinës muzikos skyriøBr. Jonuðo muzikos mokykloje, Slavø tradicinës muzi-kos mokyklà. Èia dirba lietuviø etnomuzikologai, moks-lø daktarai, Lietuvos muzikos ir teatro akademijos, Rusi-jos Gnesinø muzikos akademijos, Maskvos kultûrosinstituto absolventai, kurie jau keletui „Arinuðkos“ kartødësto teorines disciplinas: solfedþio, notacijà, muzikosistorijà; taip pat moko groti fortepijonu, bajanu, akor-deonu, rusø liaudies instrumentais.Á „Arinuðkos“ veiklà dëmesá atkreipë Lietuvos tautiniømaþumø ir iðeivijos departamentas prie LietuvosRespublikos Vyriausybës. 2006 m. ðis departamentasásteigë Lietuvos tautiniø maþumø folkloro ir etnografijoscentrà, kurio tikslas – rinkti ir saugoti Lietuvos tautiniømaþumø folklorà, suteikti metodinæ ir praktinæ pagalbàfolkloro kolektyvams.Nuo 2000 m. Irena ir Nikolajus Zacharovai rengia tarp-tautinæ folkloro stovyklà ir festivalá „Tradicija“ Palan-goje, nuo 2004 m. Lietuvoje organizuoja tarptautiná folk-loro festivalá „Pokrovskije kolokola“, kuris þinomas dau-gelyje uþsienio ðaliø. Ðiø renginiø „ðerdis“ – folkloroansamblis „Arinuðka“: nuo maþiausiø iki didþiausiø.Dalyviø tëvai irgi visa ðirdimi prisideda organizuojantfestivalá. Maþieji, tarp kuriø yra ir dvimeèiø, supranta,kad vyksta kaþkas ypaè svarbaus. Kolektyvo vadovøtikslas – ugdyti meilæ liaudies dainai, prilygstanèiàmeilei tapytai ikonai, ugdyti tikrus ðio darbo tæsëjus.Tikriausiai tik taip galima áskiepyti meilæ bendriemssiekiams ir folklorui.

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„Arinuðkos“ dalyviø surinkto folkloro pagrindu iðleista knyga „Dainuoja Lietuvos sentikiai“(2003), CD „Ukmergës rajono sentikiø dainos“ (2007), CD „Rytinës Lietuvos sentikiø dainos“(2008).

Ðis dviejø daliø CD – savotiðka Vilniaus rusø folkloro ansamblio „Arinuðka“ deðimtmeèio darbosuvestinë.

Pirmoji dalis „Linksmoji pavësinë“ – ansamblio áraðytos ávairiø Rusijos regionø dainos.Belgorodo apskrities tradicijai atstovauja kaimø Podseredneje (Nr. 2, 4), Prudki (Nr. 3, 15),Sietiðèe (Nr. 1, 11), Gluchovka (Nr. 6), Ilovka (Nr. 8) dainos. Voroneþo apskrities kaimø – Rosoð(Nr. 9), Rossoðki (Nr. 12), Verchnij Mamon (Nr. 5, 13) dainos. Kursko apskrities – Pliochovo(Nr. 10) kaimo daina. Altajaus kraðto tradicijà atspindi Pervokamenkos kaimo daina (Nr. 14).Yra dainø ið Briansko apskrities (Nr. 17, 18, 19) ir Volgogrado apskrities (Nr. 20, 21).Ðie dainingiausi Rusijos regionai pasirinkti neatsitiktinai. Tradicijos, kurios èia susiklostë peramþius, yra tradicinës rusø vokalinës muzikinës kultûros virðûnë. Belgorodo apskrityje, ne-paisant to, kad kaimai iðsidëstæ netoli vienas nuo kito, folkloras priklauso skirtingoms vietinëmstradicijoms. Akivaizdûs tarmës, vestuviø ir kalendoriniø paproèiø, tautinio kostiumo, folkloroþanrø pasiskirstymo, dainø repertuaro, kuriame vyrauja iðplëtotos tæstinës ir ðokiø bei rateliødainos, skirtumai. Tæstiniø dainø þodþiai visiðkai paklûsta melodijai ir dël to tekstas taip pakinta,kad jo net neámanoma suprasti: atskiri skiemenys itin ilgai iðdainuojami, melodija pasibaigiaviduryje þodþio. Tæstinëse dainose svarbiausia iðreikðti jausmà, parodyti vokalo meistriðkumà.Vietinëje dainavimo tradicijoje itin vertinamas gebëjimas improvizuoti: kiekvienas dalyvisstengiasi sukurti savità balso linijà (Nr. 4, 15). Tie patys bruoþai bûdingi Volgogrado (Nr. 20) irVoroneþo (Nr. 9) apskrièiø kazokø tæstinëms dainoms.Ðokiø ir rateliø dainos ið Belgorodo apskrities (Nr. 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 11) yra tipologiðkai artimos ves-tuviø dainoms: ir vienos, ir kitos turi tà patá refrenà „alilyja“ ir yra palydimos energingo ðokio,kuriame nuolat kinta ðokanèiøjø kulnais muðamas ritminis pieðinys.Briansko apskritis turtinga apeiginiø kalendoriniø dainø, kurios susijusios ne tik su ðventëmis,bet ir darbu (ðienapjûte, rugiapjûte). Ðiose dainose posmø ar eiluèiø pabaigose daþnai pasitaikocharakteringø nuûkimø, dël to ðios dainos vadinamos ûkiamosiomis. Uþgavëniø metu skambëjodainos su juokingais pravardþiavimais: uþgavënës kreivakaklës, iðpûstpilvës, laiþûnës ir t. t.Lëtesnës dainos per Uþgavënes dainuotos einant ratelius (Nr. 17, 18).

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Èia skamba ir keturi romansai: kalëjimo lyrika (Nr. 23,24) ir þiaurusis romansas (Nr. 22, 25). Rusø þiaurusisromansas – tai ypatingas XIX a. pabaigos – XX a. pra-dþios miesto kultûros reiðkinys. Kai valstieèiai, ieðko-dami geresnio gyvenimo, këlësi ið kaimo á miestà, jødvasinei kultûrai darë átakà miesto aplinka ir gyvenimobûdas. Mieste greièiau suirdavo nusistovëjæ paproèiai,susidarydavo palankios aplinkybës ðeimos iðdavystei,vaidams smuklëse, kurie daþniausiai baigdavositragiðkai. Liaudies þiauriajame romanse ir atskleistosðios temos.

Antroji dalis „Prie didelio kelelio“ – tai Rytø Lietuvosrusø sentikiø (Nr. 1–14) ir baltarusiø, gyvenanèiø Lietu-vos ir Baltarusijos pasienyje (Nr. 15–20), dainos, surink-tos ansamblio „Arinuðka“ vadovø ir dalyviø.Ilgà laikà buvo manoma, kad sentikiai dainuoja tik dva-sinæ poezijà ir religinio turinio dainas. Pasaulietinës dai-nos (jas vadino „velniðkomis“) buvo draudþiamos auto-ritetingø bendruomenës dvasiniø vadovø. Nepaisantto, liaudies daina iðliko paprastø þmoniø atmintyje iryra dainuojama iki ðiol.Sentikiø tradicijoje svarbiausià vietà uþima lyrika. Daina„Sudie, ðalele“ (Nr. 1) priskiriama lyrinëms iðkeliavimodainoms, dainuota valstieèiø, kurie buvo samdomi se-zoniniams darbams, vykdant 1861 m. baudþiavos pa-naikinimo reformà, po kurios dalis valstieèiø liko beþemës. Kitose lyrinëse dainose vyrauja nelaimingosmoters dalios, neiðskiriamos meilës, skurdo, pasmerk-tumo temos.Ðokiø dainose ir rateliuose (Nr. 3, 13, 14) vyrauja meilësmotyvai bei temos su lengvabûdiðkais elementais,þaisminga, humoristinë nuotaika. Pagrindinë vietiniø

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tæstiniø dainø (Nr. 2, 11) savybë – poetinio tekstoiðdainavimas plaèia melodija.Rugiapjûtës daina (Nr. 4) priskiriama vasaros kalendo-riniø dainø ciklui. Ðiø dainø tematika – ne tik sunkusdarbas, socialinë neteisybë, paþeminimas ðeimoje, betir moters savigarbos pasireiðkimas.Humoristinëse dainose (Nr. 6) vyrauja buitinës ðeimostemos, kuriose smerkiama tinginystë, aplaidumas,girtuoklystë, neiðtikimybë.Kareiviðkø lyriniø dainø (Nr. 2, 20) temos – kareiviai,þuvæ svetimoje ðalyje. Baladës (Nr. 12) liaudyje vadina-mos ilgomis dainomis. Èia daþniausios moralës temos:gërio ir blogio kova, meilës ir neapykantos susidûrimas,þmogaus, kenèianèio likimo smûgius, iðtvermë.Dvasinë dainuojamoji poezija (Nr. 8) – tik sentikiø ben-druomenei bûdingas þanras. Pagal siuþeto ypatybes,kompozicijà ir eilëdarà jis artimas bylinoms, baladëms,ið dalies – istorinëms ir lyrinëms dainoms. Pagrindinëidëja, plëtojama dvasinëje dainuojamojoje poezijoje –laikina bûtis ðioje þemëje ir sielos iðgelbëjimasaukðtesniam pomirtiniam gyvenimui.Lietuvos ir Baltarusijos pasienio folkloras atspindëtaspavasario ciklo daina, þyminèia pavasariniø darbøpradþià (Nr. 15), Sekminiø daina (Nr. 16), rateliu su dra-mos ir choreografijos elementais (Nr. 17) ir trimis lyri-nëmis dainomis (Nr. 18, 19, 20).Dainos surinktos Birþø (1, 6, 10), Ukmergës (3, 14),Ðvenèioniø (4, 7, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20), Molëtø (2, 5,13) ir Zarasø (8, 9, 11, 12) rajonuose.

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Vilnius Russian folk music group “Arinushka” is celebrating ten years of work in 2008.

The group was established in Vilnius Justiniškës Secondary School in 1998. In a year, it becamea laureate of the prestigious national festivals and competitions “Dþiaukimës drauge” and“Dainø dainelë”. After one more year, the artistic level of “Arinushka” was well appraised byMstislav Rostropovich. The company represents the traditional culture of Russians in Lithuaniain international festivals “Skamba skamba kankliai”, “Baltica”, “Pokrovskiye kolokola”,“Tradiciya” in Lithuania; “Russkaya pesnya”, “Zolotaya osen”, “Pskovskiye zemchuzhiny”,“Mirovaya derevnia”, etc in Russia, Belarus, Poland and Latvia. “Arinushka” gave concerts onthe festivities of Moscow Days and Vilnius Days, their rehearsals and concerts were recordedmany times by Lithuanian, Estonian and Russian TV companies. In 2006, the group was invitedto take part in the movie “War and Peace” by Italian film company; “Arinushka” also participatedin the movie “Trans-Siberian”. In October 2008, “Arinushka” was invited to present their firstsubscription concert in the Moscow Tchaikovsky Conservatory. which are taught by folklorespecialists and etnographers from Russia and Russian folk music groups.Today “Arinushka” is not only a folk music group, but also a continuous developing system ofeducation. During the 10 years of work in Vilnius, the leaders of the group have also establishedthe Vilnius Russian Folklore Center, the Department of Traditional Slavic Music at the Br. JonušasMusic School, and the Traditional Slavic Music School. Many Lithuanian ethnomusicologists,Doctors of Humanities, graduates of the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre, as well asgraduates of the Gnesin Academy of Music and the Moscow Academy for Russian Culture,are working there, teaching several generations of “Arinushka” solfeggio, notation, musichistory, piano, accordion, and Russian folk instruments.The activity of “Arinushka” drew attention of the Department of National Minorities andLithuanians Living Abroad to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, therefore thisdepartment established the Centre of the Folklore and Ethnography of National Minorities in2006, with the purpose of collecting and preserving the folklore of national minorities inLithuania, and providing the folk art groups with methodical and practical assistance.

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Since 2000, Irena Zacharova and Nikolaj Zacharovhave been organizing the international folklore campand festival “Tradiciya” in Palanga, and since 2004,the international folklore festival “Pokrovskiyekolokola”, which is well-known in many countriesabroad. “Arinushka” is always at the core of theseevents, from its youngest to oldest members. Theyoungest participants - among them you can even finda two-year-old - understand that something significantoccurs during a festival. It is probably the only way toinculcate traditional values into the members of thecommunity.On the base of the folklore material collected by themembers of “Arinushka”, there was a book “DainuojaLietuvos sentikiai” published (2003), and CDs werereleased: “Ukmergës rajono sentikiø dainos” (2007)and “Rytinës Lietuvos sentikiø dainos” (2008).

This 2-CD set is a summary of the 10 years of work ofthe Vilnius Russian folk music group.

The first CD called “The Joyful Bower” featuressongs recorded in various regions of Russia by theensemble. Belgorod district’s tradition is representedby the songs of these villages: Podserednia (No. 2, 4),Prudki (No. 3, 15), Sietisce (No. 1, 11), Gluchovka(No. 6), Ilovka (No. 8); Voronezh district: Rosos (No.9), Rososki (No. 12), Verchni Mamov (No. 5, 13); Kurskdistrict: Pliochov (No. 10); Altai territory: Pervokamenka(No. 14); songs from Bryansk district (No. 17, 18, 19)and Volgograd district (No. 20, 21).

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These regions of Russia were selected not accidently. The traditions, which developed herethrough centuries, are at the top of Russian vocal musical expression. In the district of Belgorod,despite the fact that villages are situated close to one another, their folklore belongs to differentlocal traditions. The differences are evident in their dialects, wedding and calendar customs,national costumes, the distribution of folklore genres, the song repertoire with the prevalenceof dances, roundelays and the so-called drawling songs. The words in a drawling song totallyobey to the melody, therefore the text transforms sometimes to the extent that it is difficult torecognize it: individual syllables are prolonged and the melody ends in the middle of a word.The most important thing in a drawling song for singers is to express their feelings and showtheir vocal mastership. The ability to improvise is especially valued in local singing tradition:each participant tries to create his/her own distinctive voice line (No. 4, 15). The same featuresare characteristic of the drawling songs of Cossacks in Volgograd (No. 20) and Voronezh(No. 9) districts. The dances and roundelays from Belgorod district (No. 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 11) aretypologically close to the wedding songs: both have the same refrain “alilyia”, and areaccompanied with an energetic dance and constantly changing rhythm of footwork. The districtof Bryansk is rich in ritual calendar songs, which are associated not only with holidays butalso with seasonal works (haymaking, rye-harvesting).The particular kind of hooting is often heard in the endings of the verses or lines of thesesongs; therefore they are called hooting songs. In the songs of Shrovetide carnival, the festivalitself is often personified and called funny names such as crooked-necked, big-belly, licker,etc. Shrovetide roundelays are accompanied with slower songs (No. 17, 18).There are four romances on the CD: the lyrics of being imprisoned (No. 23, 24) and the cruelromance (No. 22, 25). Russian cruel romance is a particular phenomenon of urban culture inthe end of the 19 and the beginning of the 20 centuries, when peasants were looking for abetter life and started moving from villages to cities. Their culture was inevitably influenced bythe urban environment and the way of life. Traditional customs faded faster in a city, therewere also favourable conditions for a family treason and quarrels in taverns, which usuallyended tragically. Those themes were revealed in the cruel romances.

The second CD “By the Big Road” is made up of the songs of Russian Old Believers fromEastern Lithuania (No. 1-14) and Belarusians living by the Lithuanian-Belarusian border(No. 15-20), collected by the leaders and members of “Arinushka”.

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For a long time, it was believed that the Old Believers were only singing spiritual verses andreligious songs. Secular songs (which were called “devilish”) were prohibited by thecommunity’s authoritative spiritual leaders. In spite of this, folk songs have remained alive incommon people’s memory and have been sung until now.Lyricism is in the foreground of the tradition of the Old Believers. The song “Farewell, dearland” (No. 1) is ascribed to the lyrical departure songs and was sung by the peasants, whowere employed for the seasonal works in the process of fulfilling the 1861 reform of serfdomabolition. As a result, a part of the peasants were left landless. In the other lyrical songs, thepredominating themes are unfortunate fate of a woman, inseparable love, poverty and doom.Motives of love and slightly frivolous themes, playful and humorous moods predominate inthe songs of dances and roundelays (No. 3, 13, 14). The local drawling songs (No. 2, 11) arerich in ample melodic swells.The rye-harvest song (No. 4) is ascribed to the summer calendar songs. The themes of thesesongs are not only hard work, social imparity, oppression in the family, but the display of awoman’s self-respect, as well.The themes of everyday family life prevail in the humorous songs (No. 6), where idleness,negligence, drunkenness and adultery are condemned.The themes of the soldiers’ lyrical songs (No. 2, 20) are the fate of the soldiers, who died inforeign lands. The ballads (No. 12) are commonly called the long songs. The most frequentthemes are the struggle between good and evil, the clash of love and hate, and the tenacity ofa man who undergoes the blows of fate.The genre of spiritual verses (No. 8) is characteristic only of the community of the Old Believers.According to the features of the plot, the composition and the metrical structure, spiritualverses are related to ballads and partly to historical and lyrical songs. The main ideas developedin the spiritual verses are temporary existence in this world and saving of the soul for theultimate afterlife.The folklore of the Lithuanian-Belarusian border is represented by the spring’s cycle song,marking the beginning of the spring works (No. 15), the song of Whitsunday (No. 16), roundelay(No. 17) with the elements of drama and choreography, and three lyrical songs (No. 18, 19,20).The songs were collected in Birþai (1, 6, 10), Ukmergë (3, 14), Ðvenèionys (4, 7, 15, 16, 17, 18,19, 20), Molëtai (2, 5, 13) and Zarasai (8, 9, 11, 12) regions.

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Tel./fax: + 370 5 2313447

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www.arinuska.lt