백두대간 방부목조사

- i -

2009. 11

- i -

iii

v

1. 1

2. 3

2.1 3

2.2 7

2.2.1 7

2.2.2 8

2.2.3 9

3. 11

3.1 11

3.1.1 11

3.1.2 14

3.2 16

3.2.1 16

3.2.2 20

3.3 29

3.4 32

3.5 36

3.5.1 36

3.5.2 38

3.5.3 40

3.5.4 41

- ii -

4. 61

4.1 61

4.2 67

4.2.1 67

4.2.2 68

4.2.3 68

4.2.4 69

4.2.5 (XRF) 76

4.2.6 (TG-DTA) 76

5. () 78

5.1 78

5.1.1 78

5.1.2 78

5.1.3 83

5.1.4 87

5.1.5 (XRF) 91

5.1.6 (TG-DTA) 93

5.2 95

5.2.1 95

5.2.2 97

6. 99

101

106

- iii -

[ 3-1] 13

[ 3-2] 2005 15

[ 3-3] , 16

[ 3-4] 24

[ 3-5] 24

[ 3-6] Annex A~A 26

[ 3-7] Annex 27

[ 3-8] 28

[ 3-9] 28

[ 3-10] 32

[ 3-11] A, B, C type , , 33

[ 3-12] CCA 33

[ 3-13] CCA 37

[ 3-14] 41

[ 3-15] BTEX 48

[ 3-16] 50

[ 3-17] 51

[ 3-18] 52

[ 3-19] 52

[ 3-20] 53

[ 3-21]

53

[ 3-22] 53

[ 3-23] 2008 55

[ 3-24] 2008 56

[ 3-25] 58

[ 4-1] 61

- iv -

[ 4-2] 62

[ 4-3] 77

[ 5-1] 79

[ 5-2] 80

[ 5-3] 82

[ 5-4] 85

[ 5-5] 86

[ 5-6] 89

[ 5-7] 90

[ 5-8] 92

[ 5-9] 96

[ 5-10] 98

- v -

[ 2-1] 4

[ 2-2] 5

[ 3-1] 12

[ 3-2] (2005) 16

[ 3-3] 21

[ 3-4] 22

[ 3-5] 31

[ 3-6] 31

[ 4-1] 63

[ 4-2] 63

[ 4-3] 64

[ 4-4] 64

[ 4-5] 65

[ 4-6] 65

[ 4-7] , , 66

[ 4-8] 66

[ 5-1] 79

[ 5-2] / 79

[ 5-3] 80

[ 5-4] TG 94

[ 5-5] DTA 94

[ 5-6] 96

[ 5-7] / 96

- i -

1.

.

CCA(Chromated Copper Arsenate)

. CCA , ,

, CCA CCA-( CCA-) .

, (CCA)

.

.

, 1980 CCA-

, , , .

25~30 ,

. , , , ,

(Mudsill), , .

.

.

.

.

CCA

(Chromated Copper Arsenate) ,

CCA , .

, , , , .

- ii -

.

.

.

- iii -

2. (, 2009)

2.1

1,400 km ([ 2-1] , , 2009).

.

1

(), 1 (), 13 , 10 ()

.

1769 ()

.

, ,

,

. , ,

10

.

(), ()

.

() , .

.

1995

, .

1996 1 .

- iv -

[ 2-1]

- v -

[ 2-2]

- vi -

1903, ()

. , ,

, .

()

.

.

. ,

, ,

.

.

, ,

, .

,

. 70%

,

.

,

, , , , 13

, , , ,

,

.

.

, 10 .

- vii -

.

.

2.2

2.2.1

, , ,

6 12 , 18 , 27,500 km

2

27.6% (, 2009). 78%

.

5.7% 256 ,

.

1% -2.3% ,

94/km

2

( 449/km

2

)

.

.

.

.

. (: )

, ,

.

, , .

- viii -

.

, .

,

.

,

.

.

.

2.2.2

.

(2,744m), (2,289m), (2,309m) 2,000m

(1,638m) , (1,708m),

(1,567m), (1,915m) (,

2009).

, , , ,

.

, 7, , 2

. , 2

, , 3,

19,

.

.

1997

( ) 119 1,213

- ix -

. 17, 4,

, 2, 4 27 , , 5

4 .

.

.

.

2.2.3

(, 2009).

.

, . 90

.

.

.

,

.

,

.

.

. 70

, , , , ,

.

- x -

, 1997 10

47, 25, 72 , 11

8km . 3

, 15, 54 ,

3 . 1990 2 .

90

20 .

.

7-8 .

,

.

.

.

,

.

.

30

. , , , ,

. , , , ,

.

- xi -

3.

, ,

, ,

. , ,

(2007) .

3.1

3.1.1

[ 3-1] [ 3-1]

4

(, 2007).

,

. (1998)

, , , ,

5 (, 1998).

,

,

.

.

1)

.

, .

()

1) . ,

.

- xii -

. ,

.

,

, PB, MDF .

[ 3-1]

.

.

,

2)

.

.

,

.

.

.

. ,

2) 5 , .

- xiii -

PB OSB, MDF .

. 1 ,

.

(, , )

(, )

,

(

)

(,

)

(, )

(, ,

MDF)

(, , )

()

(, ,

MDF)

(, , MDF)

, ,

( )

(, , MDF)

(, ,

)

( )

(,

)

(, ,

MDF)

( )

(,

, )

[ 3-1]

- xiv -

3.1.2

( , 2008).

.

(, 1999).

= (1-)/ , , ,

0.85, 0.6 .

2005 1,055,847 . 2006

(, 2006) 0.61

33.5% 354,051

([ 3-2]). 354,051 35%(124,553)

, 23% 83,059 ([ 3-3] [

3-2]). ,

.

.

.

. 2005 825,523

43.6%(359,854) , 29.2%

(241,302) ([ 3-3] [ 3-2]).

,

.

.

,

, ,

, , .

2005 1,341,851 ,

70.4%(944,730) 12.0%(161,038)

(([ 3-3] [ 3-2])).

- xv -

.

.

2005 499,394 . 196,078

39.3% , 123,334(24.7%)

107,74(21.6%) (([ 3-3] [ 3-2]).

.

.

,

124,553 , 359,854,

944,730, 196,078 .

, ,

,

.

359,772 267,606 257,801 44,376 126,291 1,055,847

63,489 178,404 45,494 44,376 22,287 354,051

(%)

17.6 66.7 17.6 100.0 17.6 33.5

[] 1) (1999),

- = (1-)/

- (, , : 0.85, : 0.6)

[] 2) 2006 (2005 )

[ 3-2] 2005 ( : /)

- xvi -

55,628 (15.7) 359,854 (43.6) 161,038 (12.0) 123,334 (24.7) 699,854 (23.2)

83,059 (23.5) 34,566 (4.2) 43,253 (3.2) 1,241 (0.2) 162,119 (5.3)

124,553 (35.2) 94,207 (11.4) 78,110 (5.8) 70,993 (14.2) 367,863 (12.2)

23,222 (6.6) 241,302 (29.2) 944,730 (70.4) 107,748 (21.6) 1,317,002 (43.6)

67,072 (18.9) 85,483 (10.4) 64,861 (4.9) 196,078 (39.3) 413,494 (13.7)

517 (0.1) 10,111 (1.2) 49,859 (3.7) 0 (0.0) 60,481 (2.0)

354,051 (100.0) 825,523 (100.0) 1,341,851 (100.0) 499,394 (100.0) 3,020,819 (100.0)

( ) : %

[ 3-3] , (2005, : )

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Generation Ratio (%)

Industry

C&D

Living

Forest

SudokwonKangwonJoongbuYoungnamHonamCheju

[ 3-2] (2005)

3.2

3.2.1

(2007)

.

.

.

- xvii -

, ( )

,

3)

,

.

4)

,

.

5)

, , ,

, .

6)

,

.

,

.

.

7)

.

.

8)

.

9)

,

( ) , 22

3) 14 14) 15 15) 5 4 (2)6) 18 17) .

. , , , .

8) 6159) 8 2

- xviii -

10)

, (

"" ) 1

.

11)

( )

( ) , 22

, 1

.

.

12)

,

.

,

13)

.

2 1 .

14)

,

.

10) 1. 3 2. ( ) 75 3. 4. 30 ( 22 1)11) 1012) . ,

, . . .

13) 6 1 1114) 2 7

- xix -

.

.

.

.

,

15)

.

25

,

,

,

.

16)

50% ,

17)

(

)

,

18)

,

19)

.

22

,

20)

21)

.

,

15) 25 516) 46 117) 1 318) 17 1219) 17 1820) 17 121) 1 10

- xx -

,

22)

.

.

.

,

.

,

23)

.

, .

30% ,

. 80%

, 2008 50% .

[

3-3] .

3.2.2

(1)

2000

([ 3-4]).

.

,

22) 7 1 123)

. 5 . .

- xxi -

()

,

( )

( )

( )

( )

( , 1% )

( )

( , )

[ 3-3]

.

> > > >

.

( ) ,

,

.

()

24)

. 2006 6 2001 4

,

24) . 1900 4 . 2 1954 4 . , 1970 12 (PPP=Polluter Pays Principle) , , ( ) . (, 2002, pp.41~42)

- xxii -

, ,

( )

:

2000 6

[ ]

1. 2. 3. 4.

1. 2. 3. 4.

1R 3R

2001 4 2001 4

[ ]

1997 4 2000 4 2001 4 2002 5 2001 5

,

, ,

[ 3-4]

- xxiii -

.

.

( )

25)

. 3 30

7 69 . 7

(

), ( ),

( ),

( ),

( ), (

), (

)(, 2002).

(

), (),

(),

()

.

.

(2)

(Framework Directive on Waste Management) ,

, , , , , ([

3-4]). , ,

.

. .

,

.

25) 1991 4 .

- xxiv -

75/442/EEC Framework directive on waste management planning

75/439/EEC Waste Oils

85/339/EEC Packaging of Liquid beverage containers

86/278/EEC Sewage sluge

91/157/EEC Batteries and accumulators containig dagerous

89/429/EEC Municipal waste incineration

94/62/EC Packaging and packageing waste

96/59/EC Disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls and terphenyls

99/31/EC Landfill of waste and biodegradable waste

2000/53/EC End-of-lif vehicles

2000/76/EC Incineration of waste

2002/95/EC Waste electrical and electronic equipment

[] : ,

, 2005.12

[ 3-4]

( ) 2002 8 15 .

,

( 50% ) .

4 .

, , ,

1 4 ([ 3-5]).

,

A A A A

[ 3-5]

- xxv -

Annex

([ 3-6]),

. ,

.

Annex A ~A

([ 3-7]).

1 0.3 1 , PCBs ,

,

, , , ,

.

,

. 4 .

, .

, .

(The Federal Immission Control Act) (ordinance)

.

, (derived timber product)

( ) , ,

,

([ 3-8]).

, 1~2

, 3

. 4

.

([ 3-9]), 4

.

- xxvi -

A

A

, 1989

, , (), ,

,

, , , ,

( , )

(hydraulic engineering)

( : )

[ 3-6] Annex A~A

- xxvii -

A I 03 01 05

( )

A II 03 01 05

(, ) A I 15 01 03

A II 15 01 03

A III 15 01 03

A I 15 01 03

A II 15 01 03

, , A I 15 01 03

A IV 15 01 10

(1989 ) A IV 15 01 10

(1989 ) A I 15 01 03

A I 17 02 01

, , (

)

A II 17 02 01

, (

)

A II 17 02 01

( ) A II 17 02 01

, ( ) A II 17 02 01

PCBs 17 06 03

A II 17 02 01

A IV 17 02 04

A IV 17 02 04

, , A IV 17 02 04

A IV 17 02 04

A IV 17 02 04

() A IV 17 02 04

A IV 17 02 04

, A IV 17 02 04

A IV 17 02 04

A I 20 01 38

A II 20 01 38

A III 20 01 38

A III 20 03 07

( : , ) A IV 17 02 04

A IV 17 02 04

A IV 17 02 04

(: ) A IV 17 02 04

A IV 19 12 06

[ 3-7] Annex

- xxviii -

A A A A

1

()

A

2

4

3

4

[ 3-8]

(mg/kg)()

2

30

2

30

20

0.4

600

100

3

PCBs 5

[ 3-9]

- xxix -

(500 )( PCBs )

. , ,

.

A .

(Waste list ordinance) ,

.

,

. PCBs .

,

26)

.

27)

3.3

(biomass)

(, 2007).

,

.

, , , ,

, , , ,

,

.

,

26) , , 27) , ,

- xxx -

( , 2004).

(, bio-ethanol, hydrogen etc.)

(, organic acid, other platform chemical)

,

.

(renewable feedstocks) (biomass)

(green-

biotechnology) .

,

.

. ,

(Cargill corp.) Biorefinery Lactic

acid() Polylactic Acid

. (

)

, .

Biorefinery BT(Bio-Technology)

(, , ) (, )

.

, , ,

. (a)

, (b) , , ,

, (c) , ,

.

[ 3-5]

. , [ 3-6] ,

.

- xxxi -

[ 3-5]

[ 3-6]

- xxxii -

3.4

, (KS

M 1701) 12 , 2002 7 CUAZ, CB-HDO

2 [ 3-10] 16 ,

(, 2005).

A-1, A-2

, ,

1 CCA-1

2 CCA-2

3 CCA-3

AAC

, , CCFZ

, ACC

, , CCB

, BB

,

1 ACQ-1

2 ACQ-2

, , CUAZ

, ,

-

CB-HDO

NCU

MZN

IPBC

NCU

MZN

, IPBCP

[ 3-10]

- xxxiii -

CCA(Chromated Copper Arsenate) 1930

A, B, C type 1968 (,

2005). [ 3-11] A, B, C type

28)

, ,

. CCA type C

(, 2002). CCA , ,

, ,

. (, 2005).

CCA

([ 3-12], AWPA, 2005).

type A type B type C

CrO

3

65.5 35.3 47.5

CuO 18.1 19.6 18.5

As

2

O

5

16.4 45.1 34.0

[ 3-11] A, B, C type , , ( : %)

(kg/m

3

)

lumber, timber, plywood 4.0

lumber, timber, plywood 6.4

lumber, timber, plywood,

structural pole

9.6

piling, column 12.8

piling, column 40.0

[ 3-12] CCA

CCA

(, 2005). CCA

6

28) (2005) CCA-1, -2, -3

- xxxiv -

3 pH .

. CCA

> > , 6

3 6

.

, pH,

(Kartal Lebow, 2000).

. 27%

3 ,

. pH

(Dahlgren, 1974),

(Warburon, 1990).

CCA CCA

. CCA

.

1970~1980 CCA , 1980

1.410

7

m

3

/year (, 2005). 1996

CCA 39 (Peter , 2005). 2002 CCA

1.510

8

m

3

, CCA

1975 2003 3.010

8

kg . CCA

34% 1% .

CCA 2002

CCA 2 .

2003 CCA ,

CCA .

1993 CCA . KemI(The

Swedish Chemicals Inspectorate) 1992 CCA

1991 85% 1994 40% .

60% .

- xxxv -

CCA 40% ,

CCA .

1963 CCA , 1990 1996

, CCA

1996 1997 ,

.

CCA 1983

, 90%

(, 2002). 2001 170 2000 114

49% , ,

, ,

.

CCA , , EU(, ,

, , , , , , , , ,

, , , ), , , , , (

, 2005).

CCA

CCA .

CCA

.

1999 CCA 2.810

7

m

3

.

CCA 2003 CCA

2.010

75

m

3

.

.

- xxxvi -

3.5

3.5.1

(biocides)'. ,

, , CCA , (ACC),

, , (CCB) (, 2005).

CCA , , ,

, (,

2005).

.

(EPA)

A . , ,

. CCA 6

3 , 6

.

6 50 mg/kg, 6

1,500 .

, 3 5 .

, , , ,

, , .

1~2.5 mg/kg 70 kg

70 mg .

A .

15~20 (West, 2004).

300 ,

.

CCA

,

- xxxvii -

(Beder, 2003). 2~6 CCA

3.5, 2~100

(Peter , 2005).

[ 3-13] (, 2005).

OSHA

1)

PEL

(mg/m

3

)

NIOSH

2)

REL

(mg/m

3

)

ACGIH

3)

(mg/m

3

)

Rat LD50

(mg/kg)

As

2

O

5

8-hr TWA

4)

0.01 15-min TWA 0.002 TWA 0.01 Oral 80

CrO

3

Ceiling 0.1 15-min TWA 0.025 TWA 0.01 Intratracheal 127

CuO

8-hr TWA 0.2

(fumes)

10-hr TWA 0.1

(fumes)

TWA 0.2

(fumes)

Oral 278

1.0 (dust, mist) 1.0 (dust, mist) 1.0 (dust, mist)

1)

Occupation Safety and Health Administration

2)

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

3)

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

4)

Time Weighted Average

[ 3-13] CCA

CCA

. (2000a) CCA

,

. 10L

CCA ,

.

CCA 0.012 mg/L, 1.99

mg/L, 2.81 mg/L

CCA

.

- xxxviii -

3.5.2

(2007) CCA

CCA ,

D. magna catalase .

catalase

Microtox . , PERA

BDM

10

. , biomonitoring

, pH D. magna X. laevis catalase

. CCA D.

magna catalase As(V) > Cr > Cu , In vibrio

Microtox , Cu Cr As

Cr , As Cu .

PERA BMD

10

Cu:0.4, Cr 1.81, As(V): 18.84 ppb

. PERA

0.2 ppb . , biomonitoring

catalase

. , catalase SOD, PNPP biomaker

.

CCA

(Weis , 1995). 1982

CCA CCA

CCA .

(Breslin , 1998).

As(III) AS(V) CCA As(V)

As(III) . As(III) ,

(Sanders Windom, 1980).

Cr(VI)

Cr(III) . Cr(VI)

. CCA 6

- xxxix -

25%, 7 52% (, 2005).

Brown Eaton(2001) CCA

. (Scots pine) , CCA 2, 24,

48 kg/m

3

6, 12, 18 . CCA

.

(2000c) CCA .

, CCA-3 2.0%(w/v)

() 6.6 kg/m

3

. ,

(Daphnia magna), (Selenastrum capricornutum)

(Chironomus riparius) . CCA 96

. CCA 48

24

3.3% , 48 36.7%

, 2 .

CCA 96

,

CCA 48

. (2000c)

CCA

.

.

(2005)

. CCA, CCFZ, ACQ

2% 3%

, 41

. CCA

,

.

- xl -

3.5.3

CCA-

, CCA- 20 CCA-

( , 2005a).

, CCA-

.

(2005a) CCA- ,

. CCA-

CCA , ,

. (2005a)

19,000~22,000 mg/kg ,

30% 6 . CCA- ,

CCA-

2 . CCA-

,

. [ 3-14] CCA-

( , 2005b).

CCA-

. CCA- 2%

5~6 . CCA-

.

CCA- Green(2000) , CCA-

600~1,100 microgasifier ,

, 40%~60% ( ,

2007). As

, 90%

- xli -

.

Average Total Content(mg/kg)

As Cr Cu

20 180 189

CCA- 21,340 22,000(7,100) 18,980

[ 3-14]

3.5.4

, ,

.

(1)

,

.

.

pH : pH (base saturation)

Northcote pH

. pH 39

.

- xlii -

, (sodium

carbonates) . (acid mine

drainage) pH

.

pH .

.

. (peat)

pH 34

pH .

. 1

(Al

3+

) (OH

-

) 3

(Al(OH)

3

) , (H

+

) pH

.

pH .

Cd : ,

, , ,

. ,

(

, 2003).

(crust) 0.15 mg/kg ,

0.5 mg/kg

. 0.14 mg/kg

, 0.5-2 mg/kg .

ZnO CdO

, CdO ZnO

. ( ) (

- xliii -

) .

.

6% , 0.1 m 50%, 2 m

20% .

, 13-38 .

.

.

: , , , ,

: , ,

:

: , ,

Cu : ,

. ,

CuSO

4

(,

2003).

20 mg/kg 2-100 mg/kg

, pH Cu

2+

.

. 55-65 mg/kg

, (CuFeS

2

), (Cu

5

FeS

4

)

. , ,

, , .

Fe

. .

(, , ) :

, , 1-2 , , , ,

, 1-2 .

- xliv -

CuSO

4

5-6 , , , , ,

, .

(, , ) : ,

, , , , , ,

, , .

As :

, (10-70 ppm) .

, ,

(, 2003).

10 cm , Fe, Al, Ca

. FeAsO

4

, Ca

3

(AsO

4

)

2

,

. 1.8 mg/kg .

0.56 mg/kg(), 0.088 mg/kg

, 10-20 mg/kg .

.

, ,

(, ). , , , ,

, ,

, .

, .

As

3+

As

5+

.

.

: 70-180 mg

, .

: , , , , 3-6 mg

- xlv -

As/day .

Hg :

.

, , , , , .

(, 2003).

0.08 mg/kg ,

. 10-150 g/kg (ppb)

. 0.09 mg/kg

, 0.21 mg/kg (,

2003).

, (

), ( ).

, , ,

.

.

.

, , , (),

, ()

. , , , ,

, , , , .

, , , ,

, , , ,

. , ,

, , , , ,

.

- xlvi -

Pb : , .

, , , (, 2003).

, Pb 13 mg/kg .

17.3 mg/kg,

5.38 mg/kg .

, , ,

, .

.

: , .

: , ,

. ,

, .

. , ,

.

Cr

6+

:

, ,

. , ,

(, 2003).

100 mg/kg

, 20 mg/kg .

0.493 mg/kg() .

, , ,

(, , ) .

- xlvii -

.

Cr

6+

Cr

3+

.

, , , .

, .

CN : ,

,

(, 2003).

,

. ,

. , ,

. .

: . ,

, ,

,

. , , .

. ,

.

: , ,

.

.

BTEX : BTEX(bezene, toluene, ethylbenzene. xylene)

. BTEX

(USTs, Underground Storage Tanks) ,

, . 700,000 2,000,000

25%

- xlviii -

(Hinchee , 1992). Galaska (1990) 1,400,000

10 30%

. 37%, 2332%,

47%, 1127% BTEX 5060% ( ,

1998).

BTEX [ 3-15] (Massacci, 1996;

Smallwood, 1993; Cockerham , 1994). TLV-TWA 1 8,

40

, TLV-STEL , ,

15 1 4 .

Item

Odor

Thereshold

(ppmv)

TLV-TWA

a)

(mg/m

3

)

TLV-STEL

b)

(mg/m

3

)

IDLH

c)

(ppmv)

benzene 4 15 32 2,000

toluene 0.2 188 - 2,000

ethylbenzene 140 434 543 2,000

xylene 1.1 434 651 10,000

[ 3-15] BTEX

a)

Threshold Limit Value - Time Weighted Average

b)

Threshold Limit Value - Short Time Exposure Limit

c)

Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health

(2)

5 . ,

()

. ,

. ,

. ,

- xlix -

.

. ,

(, 1999).

, .

2009

() (/) . ,

40% ,

,

.

,

.

3 [

3-16] . 2009 6 25

2010 1 1 ([ 3-17] ).

1, 2, 3

, BTEX(, , , ) ,

, , , (a) .

- l -

6( )- (BTEX)-(TPH)(TCE)(PCE)

1.55064

1004

3004040010-24

-50084

12200201640012800160800301212020

802,000

4024

4125151030010700100800--510

-1,200

2010

305005040

1,00030

2,000400

2,000-3030050

2005,00010060

[ 3-16] ( :

mg/kg)

1. : ( )

2. : 3. 1 .

. . [(BTEX) ] .

- li -

1 2 3 1 2 3

6(TPH)(TCE)(PCE)(a)

4150254

2005

30010040010124120501550084

0.7

10500501040015600200400104241205015800842

602,0002002070040

2,00050080030121202036034045

2,00040257

4150254

2005

30010040010124120501550084

0.7

10500501040015600200400104241205015800842

602,0002002070040

2,00050080030121202036034045

2,00040257

[ 3-17]

(2010. 1. 1 ) ( : mg/kg)

1. 1: ( 58 )

() 22 ( )

2. 2: (1 ) ( 528 )

3. 3: (2 ) 211 5

4. 48 12 . [ ]

5. (a) (: , , ) .

- lii -

[ 3-18][ 3-22]

.

Transaction screen process Standard E.50.02.1 ASTM (American

Society for Testing and Materials)

Phase I Evironmental Site

Assessment

Standard E.50.02.2 ASTM

(A)

(C)

(precaution values)

(triggering values)

(action levels)

(threshold values)

(action values)

[ 3-18]

* 10 125 15

* - 125 15

* 16 100 60

EU** - 200 60

** - 100 40

** 8 150 20

* , **

[ 3-19] ( : mg/kg)

- liii -

Item Standard values

Cr

+6

0.05mg/liter or less*

Cu For agricultural land (rice paddy only), 125 or less

per 1 of soil

As

0.01 /liter or less*, and for agricultural land

(rice paddy only), 15 or less per 1 of soil

[ 3-20]

(mg/kg) (ug/L)

(3) - 25

(4) 20 1

() 100 -

200 50

20 10

*

)

, .

[ 3-21]

: Human health not affected

Unstressed

Soil

Sensible land/Forest Residental

Industry

/infra

Chromium 80 100 100 100 200

Copper 36 36 100 100 150

Arsenic 20 29 40 60 80

[ 3-22]

- liv -

(3)

2008 2,516

108(4.3%), 57

2.3% .

2008

[ 3-23] (, 2009).

12 . , ,

15 Cd, Cu, As, Hg 17

. F 215.5 mg/kg ,

Zn 82.7 mg/kg . , PCB, , BTEX, TCE,

PCE . Cu, Pb, Zn, F

, Pb, Zn, F, TPH .

, Cu, Pb, Zn, F, TPH

(, 2009).

( )

(2001

) , ,

. 2008 [

3-24] . 145.5 mg/kg

, TCE 122.1 mg/kg . TCE

122.1 mg/kg 10,993.3 mg/kg

.

10,993.3 mg/kg ,

. TCE 9,153.0 mg/kg

. CCA , ,

Cr

6+

0.022 mg/kg, 6.549 mg/kg, 1.117 mg/kg

.

- lv -

Cd Cu As Hg Pb Cr

6+

Zn Ni F PCB CN BTEX TPH TCE PCE

0.049 3.521 0.241 0.037 4.042 0.013 82.662 9.15 215.473 0 0 0.001 0 0 16.449 0 0

0.062 1.518 0.294 0.043 3.089 0.001 58.855 8.111 0.002

0.057 4.119 0.311 0.039 4.403 0.002 65.5 8.95 0 0.001

0.053 4.32 0.317 0.028 3.265 0 71.526 7.939 0 0.003

0.065 4.748 0.304 0.036 3.225 0.003 95.673 12.662 0 0.001

0.042 1.85 0.312 0.034 2.794 0.006 77.767 13.077 0.003

0.039 2.525 0.231 0.027 3.627 0.001 95.131 12.314 220.035 0 0.001 0 0 14.821 0 0

0.047 4.145 0.133 0.026 3.542 0.03 81.051 9.165 192.088 0 0.002 0 0 14.655

0.061 4.451 0.234 0.112 6.114 0 101.249 8.999 216.756 0 0 0 0 19.321 0 0

0.034 3.2 0.239 0.03 3.598 0.005 90.027 8.473 0.002

0.054 2.751 0.303 0.05 3.516 0 63.647 6.929 0.001

0.044 1.941 0.134 0.012 4.413 0.048 65.046 7.137 0 0.001

0.038 2.516 0.237 0.019 3.751 0.003 75.293 9.095 0 0

0.033 3.123 0.196 0.019 4.686 0.016 115.577 10.699 269.923 0.002 0 0 24.272

0.074 8.932 0.701 0.027 6.209 0.016 113.723 10.203 260.775 0.001 0 0 28.106

0.076 4.136 0.325 0.013 3.849 0.04 70.607 10.567 0.002

[ 3-23] 2008 ( : mg/kg)

- lvi -

Cd Cu As Hg Pb Cr

6+

Zn Ni F PCB CN BTEX TPH TCE PCE pH

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

30.525 3,845 853.3 3.926 2,820 2.625 5,266.67 5,266.67 1,039.602 658.595 0 0 0.748 0.341 1,997.076 10,993.29 0.306 0.109

0.121 6.549 1.117 0.057 6.985 0.022 118.049 118.049 16.122 145.53 0 0 0.008 0.001 1.806 122.13 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4.59 671.5 853.3 3.926 416.3 0.714 3,033.333 3,033.333 1,039.602 585.5 0 0 0.346 0.035 381.914 10,993.29 0 0

0.095 5.383 1.831 0.068 6.466 0.027 109.533 109.533 17.154 132.963 0 0 0.007 0 0.933 98.622 0 0

0 0.325 0 0 0 0 19.845 19.845 1.343 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.895 68.4 5.6 1.926 2,820 1.262 488 488 38.93 355 0 0 0.748 0 12.189 3,859 0 0

0.09 6.31 0.614 0.063 37.379 0.045 86.493 86.493 14.987 149.414 0 0 0.016 0 0.521 303.129 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 12.827 12.827 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1.37 43.238 109 3.341 37.42 0.197 2,042.67 2,042.67 437.333 502.199 0 0 0.119 0.341 1.596 6,989.818 0 0

0.183 4.929 2.497 0.113 4.436 0.006 287.135 287.135 37.4 151.556 0 0 0.007 0.021 0.07 730.865 0 0

0.012 0.081 0.006 0.003 0 0 21.269 21.269 3.594 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1.25 17.825 1.747 0.505 30.605 0.967 5,133.333 5,133.333 98 224.52 0 0 0.223 0 0 393.831 0 0

0.282 4.497 0.527 0.094 5.814 0.07 482.787 482.787 23.901 99.094 0 0 0.024 0 0 248.031 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 9.681 9.681 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2.05 115.47 10.438 2.066 602.5 2.566 2,567.67 2,567.67 110.467 585.383 0 0 0.606 0.053 1,997.076 6,366.719 0.306 0

0.095 3.42 0.685 0.051 5.906 0.023 115.731 115.731 15.897 162.71 0 0 0.013 0.001 5.015 87.179 0.001 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1.809 1.809 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

30.525 3,845 72.31 3.405 548.997 1.475 5,267 5,267 62.867 301.22 0 0 0.138 0 0 19.222 0 0

0.659 46.161 2.931 0.161 18.223 0.057 163.729 163.729 17.183 130.254 0 0 0.01 0 0 6.407 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 13.64 13.64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.803 288.75 5.565 0.538 66.63 0.467 3,399.02 3,399.02 77.556 658.595 0 0 0.125 0 208.203 4,562.162 0 0

0.085 6.357 0.721 0.034 5.349 0.007 139.21 139.21 14.289 129.824 0 0 0.008 0 1.099 103.986 0 0

0 0.015 0 0 0 0 17.333 17.333 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.655 20.85 4.293 2.55 32.17 0.64 239 239 37.933 544.607 0 0 0.117 0 5.263 9,152.963 0 0.109

0.077 3.184 0.604 0.064 4.173 0.013 84.413 84.413 10.76 145.144 0 0 0.007 0 0.087 373.868 0 0.002

0 0 0 0 0 0 0.003 0.003 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.582 172.46 4.507 1.562 36.12 2.625 1,494.498 1,494.498 173.267 387.2 0 0 0.13 0 39.948 432.591 0 0

0.058 3.236 0.654 0.04 3.799 0.02 89.283 89.283 14.916 167.21 0 0 0.002 0 0.422 17.994 0 0

0 0.072 0 0 0 0 16.509 16.509 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.468 42.5 3.681 0.773 46.505 0.817 296.355 296.355 62.089 365 0 0 0.032 0 137.2 5,251 0 0

0.069 4.475 0.464 0.032 4.229 0.01 92.973 92.973 13.661 135.159 0 0 0.002 0 1.731 197.563 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 2.81 2.81 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.803 0.803 37.04 39 0.811 49.63 433.333 433.333 65.87 384.9 0 0 0.122 0 5.972 53.627 0 0

0.081 3.109 0.522 0.023 3.997 0.011 72.886 72.886 11.645 147.805 0 0 0.002 0 0.071 1.28 0 0

[ 3-24] 2008 ( : mg/kg)

- lvii -

(4)

CCA

( ) , , ,

CCA , ,

,

( , 2008). 2006

CCA , 2007 10 8

(As

2

O

5

) 0.1%

. CCA

.

CCA ,

.

(2008) CCA

. CCA 1

.

, .

, .

,

. 80%

. ,

.

(2006) CCA ,

.

.

.

,

,

.

- lviii -

, .

.

.

. 3

8

.

,

3.23 mg/kg

.

(2007) 10 64 (8)

.

,

([ 3-25] ).

.

5.99 0.13

8.65 10.00

3.14 0.62

7.74 0.76

0.08 0.01

85.6 41.8

180 69

0.23 0.05

[ 3-25] ( : mg/kg)

- lix -

Dang (2003) CCA 34,

40, 39 mg/kg CCA

. 12 Stilwell Gorny(1997)

2.1, 4.4, 20.5

. Florida 7 CCA

10~30cm

, 3.5, 6,

19 (Solo-Gabriele , 2003). 5 CCA

2 , ,

(Beder, 2003).

, CITW(Canada Institute of Treated Wood) CCA

. ,

910

-6

8.610

-4

950 (, 2005).

50/L 10( )~2,700(

) . CITW Dang

(2003) CCA

. Webster (2004)

0.16% ,

CCA , 30~35

( 20~29 )

. 1995~1999 20~29 1975~1979

20~29 , CCA

.

Peter (2005) CCA

5

3 6

3 .

- lx -

.

(2000b) CCA

, CCA

500 mm

.

, CCA-3 6.6 mg/m

3

. 25,

70% 3 . CCA

24 22 , , 0.12, 8.48, 1.76

mg/L .

0.09 m/L, 7.78 mg/L, 1.76 .

CCA

.

(2000b) CCA 20

,

.

- lxi -

4.

4.1

2009 8 .

16 10 ,

.

16 [ 4-1] [ 4-1~8]

, [ 4-2] [ 4-1~8] .

.

(2002)

0.5kg .

1

2 -

3

4 1 -1

5 2 -2

6 1

7 2 -2

8

9 -1

10

11

12

13

14

15

16 SK

[ 4-1]

- lxii -

1

2

3 -

4

5 ( )

6

7 -

8

9 ()

10 ~ ~

[ 4-2]

- lxiii -

[ 4-1]

[ 4-2]

- lxiv -

[ 4-3]

[ 4-4]

- lxv -

[ 4-5]

[ 4-6]

- lxvi -

[ 4-7] , ,

[ 4-8]

- lxvii -

4.2

4.2.1

(, , ) (2004)

, .

(1)

, (drying oven) .

, 1055 1

,

(W

1

),

(W

2

). 805, 1055

(W

3

).

805 3 .

: (%) =

(W

2

-W

3

)

(W

2

-W

1

)

100

(2)

60025 30

(W

1

).

, (W

2

). 25%

. 60025 (electric muffle

furnace) 30

(W

3

), .

.

- lxviii -

: (%) = (W 2-W 3)(W

2

-W

1

)

100

4.2.2

Planetary Ball Mill (FRITSCH GmbH/Pulverisette6)

40 mesh .

Elemental Analyzer (VARIO EL) C, H, N, S . O

.

4.2.3

.

,

.

(Dulong ) .

(1)

.

.

(kcal/kg)= 4500 V100

-

600 W

100

,

V

= (%),

W

= (%)

(2) ()

: Oxygen bomb calorimeter

a) (pallet) 1 g .

b) Oxygen bomb calorimeter ().

- lxix -

c)

, , .

:

(kcal/kg)

=

(1 - W)

(kcal/kg)

=

1

(1 - W - A )

(kcal/kg)

= - 578

(9H + W)

,

W

= ,

A

= ,

H

=

(3) ()

Dulong

.

(kcal/kg) = 8,080C + 34,460 (H - O8

) + 2,250S

, C, H, O, S , , , .

4.2.4

(, 2004)

, (, 2002) .

.

.

(1) ( , 2002)

,

.

,

,

(leaching) .

- lxx -

, ,

.

.

.

.

.

5%

.

, ,

.

,

(leaching) ,

(leachate) .

, (leachability) .

(hydrology),

(geochemistry) .

.

,

. ,

- lxxi -

.

(batch

test) , (sequential batch test)

(continuous flow column test) .

: . ,

. ,

, , ,

. ,

(transport phenomena) .

: ,

, , , .

, ,

.

,

. ,

. ,

(molecular diffusion) .

(pore solution) ,

, ,

. ,

(advection)

(dispersion) . ,

- lxxii -

.

.

: (n)

.

MO + H

2

O = M

n+

+ nOH

-

M(OH)

n( s)

= M

n+

+nOH

-

(thermodynamic

force) (solubility product : K

sp

) .

K

sp

= [M

n+

][OH]

n

, .

M

n+

+ nH

2

O M(OH)

n

+ nH

+

K

sp

=

[M

n+

][H

2

O]

n

[H

+

]

n

[M

n+

] =

K

sp

[H

+

]

n

K

n

w

pH .

log[M

n+

] = logK

sp

- npH - nlogK

w

(, M : Metal ion, K

w

: [H

+

][OH

-

] = 110

-14

)

- lxxiii -

, pH .

.

. (complex salt)

OH

-

, Cl

-

,

.

S

-2

, CO

3

-2

, PO

4

-3

.

, pH

.

.

/ .

: pH

.

.

-

pH

(, )

- lxxiv -

-

(, stirrer , , )

(, , )

(S/L)

pH

( ) :

:

.

International Ash Working Group(IAWG)

.

, .

pH 5.86.3 ,

pH

. . [ 4-3]

.

(2)

- lxxv -

.

-

25 g 5 mL 10 mL

. 5 mL 10 mL

. 35 .

(1+5) 25 mL .

100 mL .

ICP-AES Cr, As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn , Hg

( 100~500 mg) (MILESTONE,

DMA-80) .

Chlopecka(1996) Ure(1990) .

1.00 g 100 mL 10 mL

HNO

3

. HNO

3

5 mL, HClO

4

5 mL, HF 10 mL . 30

HCl (1 : 1, V/V) 10 mL 10

. 100 mL

(Shimadzu AA-6501F, Japan) .

, (exchangeable)

, (carbonate)

pH (Barona , 2001; Raksasataya , 1996). (reducible)

, .

(oxidizable) ,

. ,

, .

(residual) 1 2

.

- lxxvi -

(non-residual) (residual)

, ,

, ,

.

(Tuin Tels, 1990).

.

4.2.5 (XRF)

Planetary Ball Mill (FRITSCH

GmbH/Pulverisette6) 40 mesh XRF

(Sequential X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer, ZSX100e, Rigaku, Japan)

.

4.2.6 (TG-DTA)

Planetary Ball Mill (FRITSCH

GmbH/Pulverisette6) 40 mesh TG-DTA

(STA409PC Luxx, Germany) .

- lxxvii -

EP

TOX

TCLP

TVA

DIN-38414

S4

AF NOR

X31-210

13

46

Column Serial Batch

Availability

Tank

Leaching

0.5~5

- lxxviii -

5.

5.1

5.1.1

16 [ 5-1] .

0.5~6.9%, 81.0~99.2%, 0.3~12.3%

([ 5-1]), 3.0, 93.3, 3.7%

([ 5-1]).

.

86.9~99.7% , 0.3~13.1%

, 96.2% 3.8% .

30 (2007)

95% , 5%

.

(4.7%), (6.2%),

(6.7%), (6.4%) ,

. ,

69~73% 87~98%, 27~31% 2~13%

.

5.1.2

16 [ 5-2] ,

[ 5-3] . 37.7~46.7%, 4.7~6.8%,

42.3~51.0%, 0.0~0.27% ,

. 43.7%, 6.3%, 46.3%, 0.1%

- lxxix -

( , %)

/

( , %)

1 1.6 97.7 0.7 99.3 0.7

2 0.5 99.2 0.3 99.7 0.3

3 2.5 96.5 1.0 99.0 1.0

4 1 2.3 94.9 2.8 97.1 2.9

5 2 1.4 92.3 6.2 93.7 6.3

6 1 1.4 97.7 0.8 99.1 0.9

7 2 1.9 88.1 10.0 89.8 10.2

8 1.6 98.0 0.4 99.6 0.4

9 1.7 94.1 4.2 95.7 4.3

10 6.9 92.7 0.4 99.6 0.4

11 5.5 93.6 0.9 99.0 1.0

12 3.2 90.9 5.9 93.9 6.1

13 6.7 81.0 12.3 86.9 13.1

14 4.3 94.4 1.3 98.7 1.3

15 3.4 91.2 5.4 94.4 5.6

16 SK 2.3 91.0 6.7 93.1 6.9

3.0 93.3 3.7 96.2 3.8

[ 5-1]

3.0

93.3

3.7

96.2

3.8

[ 5-1]

( , %)

[ 5-2] /

( , %)

- lxxx -

(%)

(%)

C H O N S

1 45.42 6.72 46.99 0.12 0.00 0.74

2 46.69 6.70 46.30 0.00 0.00 0.30

3 46.10 6.66 46.15 0.06 0.00 1.03

4 1 45.62 6.39 45.17 0.00 0.00 2.82

5 2 43.51 6.24 44.32 0.00 0.00 5.94

6 1 45.70 6.74 46.55 0.17 0.00 0.85

7 2 42.24 6.12 42.30 0.08 0.00 9.26

8 46.71 6.81 45.81 0.27 0.00 0.40

9 45.33 6.41 44.11 0.03 0.00 4.12

10 44.76 6.61 48.09 0.09 0.00 0.44

11 44.77 6.80 48.23 0.10 0.00 0.10

12 38.54 4.68 51.00 0.05 0.00 5.73

13 37.74 5.44 45.15 0.04 0.00 11.62

14 44.40 6.81 47.46 0.00 0.00 1.33

15 39.04 5.83 49.74 0.07 0.00 5.32

16 SK 43.41 6.47 43.68 0.00 0.00 6.44

[ 5-2]

43.7

6.3

46.3

0.10.03.5

CHONS

[ 5-3]

( , %)

- lxxxi -

.

(2007)

44~50%, 5~7% 39~45%([ 5-3]).

1~8% 1%.

ND()~1.26%

. (L8)

,

. ,

,

. (, 2007) (

) ( 45.6%, 4.9%, 33.9%, 0.6%, 0.15%,

0.25%) . ,

(2004. 10) , ,

( 45~50%, 6%, 0.4~0.7%, 0.06%)

.

,

(2007) 1%

. , , .

- lxxxii -

(%)

(%)

C H O N S Cl

N1

, 45.34 6.60 43.44 1.51 1.10 0.027 1.98

N2 45.64 6.56 44.89 1.14 1.05 0.01 0.71

L1

45.67 6.37 45.48 1.10 1.01 0.013 0.35

L2 41.71 5.71 48.18 1.11 1.01 ND 2.29

L3 () 46.75 7.06 43.55 1.18 1.03 0.034 0.39

L4 () 44.94 6.20 40.02 6.54 1.04 0.007 1.25

L5 (MDF) 44.93 6.19 41.78 5.13 1.04 0.159 0.77

L6 () 44.87 6.10 41.61 1.69 1.06 0.002 4.66

L7 46.95 6.39 43.75 1.13 1.04 0.063 0.68

L8

(,

)

40.93 5.34 43.22 1.42 1.09 1.257 6.74

C1

() 45.76 6.17 45.15 1.11 1.04 0.194 0.59

C2 () 44.28 5.83 40.51 6.31 1.03 0.151 1.90

C3 () 45.75 5.92 45.54 1.12 1.03 ND 0.65

C4

(

)

45.80 6.71 42.66 2.44 1.02 0.038 1.30

C5 () 45.80 6.47 44.90 1.16 1.04 0.015 0.62

C6 () 44.12 5.78 42.83 4.34 1.03 0.172 1.73

C7 (MDF) 45.52 6.05 42.44 4.36 1.03 0.002 0.60

I1

45.69 6.08 45.30 1.17 1.04 0.001 0.72

I2 42.47 5.34 40.48 4.36 1.06 0.079 6.22

I3 ,() 45.99 5.83 45.33 1.10 1.02 0.006 0.72

I4 ,() 43.94 5.43 40.03 8.02 1.04 0.144 1.40

I5 ,(MDF) 44.48 5.55 43.54 4.80 1.03 0.022 0.58

I6 () 45.71 5.75 45.44 1.18 1.05 ND 0.87

I7 () 44.37 5.49 41.59 5.69 1.03 0.064 1.76

I8 (MDF) 44.56 5.54 42.90 5.21 1.04 0.001 0.74

I9 () 45.80 5.70 45.55 1.17 1.05 0.056 0.68

I10 () 45.02 6.32 41.59 4.67 1.06 0.090 1.25

I11 (MDF) 44.50 7.27 41.45 5.18 1.04 0.047 0.52

I12 () 45.80 7.04 44.47 1.14 1.04 0.005 0.51

I13

(

)

45.56 6.30 45.18 1.13 1.04 0.001 0.78

I14 44.53 6.91 39.62 1.13 1.20 0.195 6.42

I15 49.63 6.88 38.84 1.30 1.09 0.014 2.25

1

57.93 2.42 4.04 3.57 1.11 0.006 30.92

2 57.24 2.55 6.04 5.66 1.06 0.009 27.45

3 39.64 7.14 49.53 1.09 0.87 ND 1.73

4 45.92 6.68 33.84 3.26 0.86 0.003 9.44

5 PB 44.52 6.00 30.00 5.44 0.91 0.165 12.97

6 MDF 46.03 5.88 36.42 4.33 0.86 0.050 6.43

[ 5-3] ( )

[ ] , (2007)

- lxxxiii -

5.1.3

.

.

.

. ,

.

Dulong

.

1 g

.

[ 5-4] .

16 2,530~4,150 kcal/kg,

2,85~3,720 kcal/kg ,

3,880~4,640 kcal/kg 3,490~4,225 kcal/kg .

3,724 kcal/kg 3,271 kcal/kg

16 3%

, 6%

.

4,433 kcal/kg 3,996 kcal/kg .

(/) 1.19

, 1.22 .

(2007) 30 [ 5-5]

. 3,300~4,700 kcal/kg,

970~3,700 kcal/kg . 4,900~7,100

kcal/kg, 2,200~5,600 kcal/kg .

, .

(I15)

- lxxxiv -

.

(L2)

55%

. [7]

kg 3,500 kcal .

(2007) , 55%

(2,174 kcal/kg)

.

(2005) PB MDF

phenol , PCDDs/DFs

. , Cr, Cu,

As PCDDs/DFs

PCDDs/ DFs

. ,

. 7 43

,

PCDDs/DFs 5.98518.3 ng-TEQ /N( 128.5 ng-TEQ/N)

, 0.06434.4 ng-TEQ/N(

33.11 ng-TEQ/N) 30 .

(2005) . 2004 8

[ 8] 2 25

40 ng-TEQ/N 2006 1 1

. 7 5

, .

PCDDs/DFs 5 .

5 4

, .

4 ,

PCDDs/DFs 57 ng-TEQ/N .

- lxxxv -

Dulong

(kcal/kg)

(kcal/kg)

1 3,961.6 3,898.2 3,539.4 4,524.7 4,452.4 4,093.5

2 4,087.0 4,066.6 3,715.1 4,455.0 4,432.8 4,081.3

3 4,032.0 3,930.8 3,569.8 4,461.6 4,349.6 3,988.6

4 1 3,942.4 3,851.7 3,506.0 4,531.6 4,427.3 4,081.6

5 2 3,756.8 3,704.2 3,371.5 4,386.3 4,324.9 3,992.2

6 1 4,010.0 3,953.9 3,595.2 4,501.9 4,438.8 4,080.1

7 2 3,699.9 3,629.6 3,300.2 4,641.7 4,553.5 4,224.1

8 4,147.6 4,081.3 3,717.8 4,558.2 4,485.2 4,121.7

9 3,971.5 3,904.0 3,560.7 4,564.0 4,486.4 4,143.1

10 3,822.9 3,559.5 3,175.9 4,549.7 4,236.2 3,852.5

11 3,883.2 3,670.4 3,285.0 4,573.7 4,323.0 3,937.6

12 2,529.9 2,447.2 2,184.9 3,877.4 3,750.6 3,488.3

13 2,979.2 2,778.7 2,456.8 4,339.5 4,047.4 3,725.6

14 3,889.9 3,722.6 3,343.5 4,424.4 4,234.2 3855.1

15 3,020.9 2,920.0 2,597.4 3,958.5 3,826.3 3,503.7

16 SK 3,855.6 3,766.9 3,417.0 4,577.0 4,471.8 4,121.9

3,724.4 3,617.9 3,271.0 4,432.8 4,302.5 3.995.7

[ 5-4]

Skadras (2002) 600 MDF 70 ng-TEQ/N

(2005) . MDF

MDF PCDDs/DFs

.

. Samaras (2001)

CCA CCA CCA

20 PCDDs/DFs .

, PCDDs/DFs

.

- lxxxvi -

Dulong

N1

, 4,099 3,686 3,310 4,890 4,398 3,992

N2 4,044 3,407 3,015 5,571 4,693 4,248

L1

3,958 3,514 3,142 6,587 5,848 5,439

L2 3,296 1,441 971 6,436 2,813 2,174

L3 () 4,362 3,977 3,577 6,614 6,031 5,599

L4 () 4,074 3,750 3,398 6,234 5,739 5,364

L5 (MDF) 3,994 3,742 3,393 6,329 5,930 5,562

L6 () 3,966 3,421 3,066 6,056 5,224 4,837

L7 4,141 3,754 3,387 6,475 5,870 5,473

L8

(,

)

3,320 2,854 2,541 4,904 4,215 3,879

C1

() 3,911 3,593 3,240 6,318 5,805 5,426

C2 () 3,871 3,499 3,162 6,312 5,705 5,344

C3 () 3,808 3,530 3,192 6,421 5,952 5,592

C4

(

)

4,204 3,543 3,146 5,772 4,864 4,414

C5 () 4,026 3,627 3,254 6,433 5,796 5,390

C6 () 3,744 3,392 3,057 6,910 6,260 5,902

C7 (MDF) 3,967 3,663 3,317 6,567 6,064 5,695

I1

3,870 3,471 3,116 5,938 5,326 4,940

I2 3,561 3,045 2,729 5,950 5,088 4,746

I3 ,() 3,806 3,405 3,062 6,553 5,861 5,487

I4 ,() 3,731 3,395 3,078 5,584 5,993 5,653

I5 ,(MDF) 3,666 3,436 3,119 6,371 5,970 5,636

I6 () 3,752 3,353 3,014 6,438 5,752 5,383

I7 () 3,719 3,364 3,044 6,246 5,650 5,306

I8 (MDF) 3,697 3,498 3,184 6,220 5,885 5,557

I9 () 3,737 3,262 2,919 6,145 5,364 4,984

I10 () 4,055 3,742 3,383 5,600 5,167 4,786

I11 (MDF) 4,339 4,074 3,670 6,406 6,014 5,588

I12 () 4,239 3,708 3,301 6,585 5,760 5,308

I13

(

)

3,939 3,495 3,127 6,066 5,382 4,978

I14 4,304 3,035 2,606 6,413 4,522 4,001

I15 4,735 4,028 3,627 7,096 6,037 5,588

1

5,372 3,597 3,452 7,578 4,334 4,185

2 5,273 3,675 3,519 5,990 4,175 4,013

3 3,554 2,399 1,837 4,689 3,165 2,592

4 4,574 3,718 3,310 6,517 5,297 4,875

5 PB 4,392 3,621 3,276 6,647 5,480 5,125

6 MDF 4,200 3,751 3,419 7,306 6,525 6,181

[ 5-5] ( : kcal/kg)

[ ] , (2007)

- lxxxvii -

5.1.4

CCA (fungicide), (insecticide)

, ( , 2005).

CCA-( H3'

) CCA 3.5~10.5 mg/m

3

. 7.0 kg/m

3

( 0.55 g/cm

3

) 3,000 mg/kg dry wood,

1,800 mg/kg dry wood 2,700 mg/kg dry wood

. CCA- , ,

.

[ 5-6] 16 . 9

, ,

. 1.5 mg/L (as Cr

6+

).

.

0.255 mg/L. 14( ) 1.659 mg/L (as T-Cr)

Cr

6+

. 47.690 mg/L

3.0 mg/L . 1( ),

6( 1), 8( ), 9( ) 100

mg/L .

, .

1.783 mg/L 1.5 mg/L .

13( ) 14( ) 4.713 mg/L 12.211 mg/L

.

13 14 .

(2007) 30

[ 5-7] .

- lxxxviii -

.

Cr( Cr) (L7) -(L3)

- (I13) 5.7~51.2 mg/kg

. (L7) 709 mg/kg

-(L3) - (I13)

96 148 mg/kg . , CCA (L7)

CCA -(L3) -

.

Cu 17

mg/kg . (L7)

(I14) 400 mg/kg

, 5.3 mg/kg .

As CCA 5 /

, (L7) 480 / CCA

. (2005) , CCA-

415, 20

100, 6004,000 CCA-

.

, CCA

(L7), (I14), (I15) , Cr, Cu, As

,

.

CCA

.

CCA

,

.

- lxxxix -

(mg/L)

Cr Zn Pb As Cd Cu Hg Ni Mn

1

0.050 2.468 0.048 0.625 ND 109.59 0.000 1.529 7.832

2

0.004 1.090 0.032 0.012 ND 12.640 0.000 0.073 3.681

3

0.732 1.088 0.00 1.550 ND 0.711 0.000 0.000 0.483

4

1

0.006 1.123 0.00 0.002 ND 2.286 0.000 0.000 0.755

5

2

0.004 2.331 0.080 0.183 ND 0.831 0.000 0.013 1.734

6

1

0.009 1.434 0.230 0.982 ND 142.130 0.000 0.017 0.716

7

2

0.00 1.276 0.099 0.908 ND 49.829 0.000 0.000 0.451

8

0.004 1.594 0.322 0.732 ND 210.360 0.000 0.030 0.957

9

0.007 1.330 0.141 0.813 ND 128.188 0.000 0.086 0.948

10

11

12

0.00 6.582 0.676 1.946 ND 0.573 0.024 0.186 1.463

13

1.095 0.838 0.116 4.713 ND 1.783 0.000 0.000 0.291

14

1.659 5.339 0.168 12.211 ND 5.882 0.000 0.158 0.918

15

ND 0.773 0.173 0.288 ND 2.105 0.000 0.000 0.894

16 SK

ND 1.188 0.245 ND ND 0.758 0.000 0.012 0.596

0.255 2.032 0.166 1.783 ND 47.690 0.002 0.150 1.551

1.5

( Cr

6+

)

3.0 1.5 3.0 0.005

[ 5-6]

- xc -

Cd Cr Cu Mn Ni Pb Zn As Hg

N1

, 0.58 10.67 5.06 79.92 5.47 6.92 47.57 0.066 ND

N2 0.63 29.26 3.17 116.38 20.89 3.56 51.53 0.069 0.613

L1

0.05 5.72 1.16 22.33 3.78 1.08 11.63 1.122 0.073

L2 0.50 51.24 10.91 262.99 25.54 12.00 53.01 1.287 0.469

L3 () 0.15 96.00 4.99 104.17 48.34 3.49 35.30 0.105 0.399

L4 () 0.06 10.60 4.10 35.75 5.82 7.38 35.26 0.077 0.681

L5 (MDF) 1.35 20.42 1.74 42.18 7.57 42.13 34.76 0.061 0.307

L6 () 0.31 10.67 4.70 52.21 6.94 6.01 88.29 0.095 0.387

L7 0.19 709.16 402.02 159.99 7.76 31.20 44.39 479.622 0.137

L8 (, ) 0.31 26.34 14.42 31.76 15.15 40.68 45.28 0.717 0.130

C1

() 0.06 7.62 2.97 50.02 4.39 2.065 29.89 0.428 ND

C2 () 9.36 8.35 2.69 35.11 3.64 11.08 41.02 0.126 0.081

C3 () 0.26 8.87 7.24 61.39 5.37 6.99 28.56 0.113 2.149

C4 ( ) 0.16 18.99 3.95 48.33 4.12 74.68 134.73 0.075 0.328

C5 () 0.15 11.35 3.30 91.18 8.36 2.18 44.83 0.063 0.436

C6 () 1.43 8.20 4.08 31.03 5.31 8.84 33.46 0.108 0.098

C7 (MDF) 0.12 8.68 3.76 55.05 6.59 3.11 19.18 0.062 0.102

I1

0.06 14.40 4.52 157.53 47.24 1.59 40.74 0.063 0.553

I2 0.29 33.60 16.88 71.50 17.90 45.77 62.71 1.224 0.296

I3 ,() 0.17 19.39 10.70 107.85 15.09 5.38 44.13 0.067 0.616

I4 ,() 0.02 13.25 2.79 39.41 9.12 4.26 46.93 0.069 0.119

I5 ,(MDF) 0.33 19.87 4.22 49.86 10.30 25.10 30.45 0.069 0.027

I6 () 0.15 29.70 3.89 111.18 20.90 4.11 44.15 0.088 0.338

I7 () 3.45 19.82 4.69 31.72 13.56 7.94 22.98 0.123 0.201

I8 (MDF) 15.37 23.62 2.90 52.93 14.84 46.94 37.81 0.063 0.965

I9 () 0.26 25.14 4.36 120.44 19.98 2.26 48.59 0.069 0.939

I10 () 0.07 15.85 5.646 26.96 11.51 3.15 36.90 0.063 0.118

I11 (MDF) 22.10 14.21 0.99 44.20 11.40 0.84 16.10 0.064 0.540

I12 () 36.51 19.28 1.45 72.15 14.22 2.90 37.15 0.194 0.722

I13 ( ) 5.33 148.27 4.74 33.28 16.39 573.18 42.76 ND 0.101

I14 1.38 43.10 408.31 110.94 27.81 89.85 293.22 0.072 0.597

I15 0.17 33.67 5.89 23.64 25.87 6.90 28.32 2.979 0.621

1

5.53 105.90 248.68 229.24 43.04 345.80 5678.7 5.692 0.583

2 3.17 25.60 156.52 138.15 20.93 131.90 387.52 2.522 0.109

3 ND 11.59 ND 106.15 8.61 0.13 ND ND 0.116

4 ND 6.32 ND 12.74 5.37 5.72 ND ND 0.142

5 PB 0.44 45.29 6.88 144.68 30.97 24.88 152.48 ND 0.499

6 MDF ND 7.95 2.31 94.90 5.02 3.09 ND ND 0.084

[ 5-7] ( : mg/kg, )

[ ] , (2007)

- xci -

5.1.5 (XRF)

XRF 16 [ 5-8] .

[D-1~16] . [ 5-8] [D-1~16]

.

. Al

2

O

3

.

2.15%

PCDD/PCDF .

CCA . Cr Cr

2

O

3

, . 0.902~24.3%

, 8() 24.3% . Cu CuO

, 3 0.606~68.4%

. 7( 2) 68.4%

. As

2

O

3

,

3 , 2() 8( )

4.39% 20.3% . 8( )

,

. 3

.

(2006) CCA ,

,

.

- xcii -

1

2

1

2

SK

Na

2

O 1.49 1.18 2.66 2.83 0.827 1.56 1.09 - 3.54 0.337 0.525 3.02 0.8 0.58 0.453 1.11

MgO 1.39 1.13 3.89 2.37 0.947 0.83 0.966 0.618 2.34 1.32 1.67 1.76 1.14 1.28 1.9 2.37

Al

2

O

3

11.3 12.6 8.2 3.89 1.03 2.09 1.21 6.17 6.51 8.85 18.1 3.96 2.27 7.72 2.85 3.26

SiO

2

46.7 32.8 11.5 9.6 - 4.27 1.36 11.5 4.96 25 38 5.44 2.74 19.8 3.27 2.26

P

2

O

5

0.551 0.966 - 0.364 - 0.254 - 0.411 0.568 0.406 0.344 0.122 0.919 0.611 1.57 0.154

SO

3

1.69 1.05 2.02 2.14 1.23 1.35 1.37 0.973 3.11 0.579 0.948 1.34 6.35 1.2 1.11 1.45

Cl 0.231 - 0.223 1.05 2.15 1.57 2.05 0.0403 0.259 - 0.207 2.09 0.232 0.216 0.808 0.578

K

2

O 2.9 4.21 6.43 9.37 1.86 4.16 4.08 1.12 6.57 5.26 9.36 3.93 4.38 2.48 13.7 6.01

CaO 13.2 11.3 21.9 17.9 9.35 7.35 6.61 5.12 12.5 26.9 10.5 6.36 7.92 9.03 16.7 27.1

TiO

2

0.749 1.22 - - - - - 0.309 - 1.97 2.52 - - 0.914 - -

Cr

2

O

3

5.84 12.7 10.8 12.3 2.35 3.05 3.87 24.3 14.3 1.91 1.23 3.75 1.88 0.902 4.79 4.25

MnO 0.229 0.115 - 0.15 0.187 0.29 0.245 - - 0.834 0.52 0.219 1.13 0.179 1.83 4.2

Fe

2

O

3

11.9 12.1 26.4 35.6 6.15 6.96 7.34 10.8 40.2 20.6 14.8 6.77 9.11 7.6 17.5 14.6

NiO 0.542 0.107 2.4 2.35 0.583 0.568 0.843 0.379 5.17 0.221 0.225 0.717 0.86 - 0.991 1.72

CuO 0.606 4.18 3.6 - 67.8 65.7 68.4 14.2 - 5.81 - 60.5 56.2 47.5 26.7 22.2

As

2

O

3

0.723 4.39 - - - - - 20.3 - - - - - - - -

SeO

2

- - - - - - 0.537 - - - - - - - 0.323 -

BaO - - - - - - - 1.82 - - - - - - - -

La

2

O

3

- - - - 5.48 - - - - - 0.662 - 4.06 - 5.47 8.75

ZnO - - - - - - - - - - 0.0915 - - - - -

Tm

2

O

3

- - - - - - - - - - 0.346 - - - - -

[ 5-8] ( : %)

- xciii -

5.1.6 (TG-DTA)

TG-DTA [E 1~16] .

TG DTA [ 5-4]

[ 5-5] . 100 10%

, 400 50~60%

.

(2007)

.

,

,

, . 450

, 200~400

.

- xciv -

[ 5-4] TG

[ 5-5] DTA

- xcv -

5.2

5.2.1

10 [ 5-9] .

5.73~43.75%, 4.76~15.87%,

46.69~87.62% ([ 5-9]), 28.5, 8.9,

62.6% ([ 5-6]).

. 6.0~23.72% ,

76.28~93.99% ([ 5-9]), 13.0% 87.0%

([ 5-7]).

.

- xcvi -

( , %)

/

( , %)

1 43.75 9.56 46.69 16.99 83.01

2 35.42 8.58 56.00 13.29 86.71

3

5.73 6.72 87.62 7.12 92.88

4

20.71 4.76 74.52 6.01 93.99

5

(

)

22.31 7.38 70.31 9.50 90.50

6

33.36 8.11 58.53 12.18 87.82

7

21.28 5.45 73.26 6.93 93.07

8

33.96 11.01 55.02 16.68 83.32

9

()

33.09 15.87 51.04 23.72 76.28

10

~

35.59 11.34 53.07 17.61 82.39

28.5 8.9 62.6 13.0 87.0

[ 5-9]

28.5

8.962.6

13.0

87.0

[ 5-6]

( , %)

[ 5-7] /

( , %)

- xcvii -

5.2.2

10 [

5-10] . (2002) .

2 ( 5 9) .

CCA ,

. 0.001~0.391 mg/kg , 8

0.139 mg/kg .

. 0.011~86.906 mg/kg ,

12.951 mg/kg .

( 8)

50 mg/kg . 0.005~0.146 mg/kg ,

0.080 mg/kg 6 mg/kg

.

.

( 8)

.

- xcviii -

(mg/kg)

Cr

6+

Zn Pb As Cd Cu Hg Ni Mn

1

0.036 8.654 1.039 0.146 0.129 0.642 0.00 0.408 83.207

2

0.344 3.025 7.471 0.046 0.026 3.201 0.00 0.452 10.804

3

0.001 0.036 0.002 0.005 0.00 0.011 0.00 0.001 0.810

4

0.014 2.526 0.516 0.081 0.038 1.036 0.00 0.284 25.719

5

(

)

6

0.391 1.479 0.829 0.057 0.021 0.884 0.00 0.200 5.047

7

0.184 6.327 0.889 0.113 0.079 10.331 0.010 0.354 74.549

8

0.047 18.885 1.799 0.091 0.103 86.906 0.00 1.004 34.496

9

()

10

~

0.092 10.944 0.568 0.105 0.133 0.599 0.00 0.758 70.193

0.139 6.485 1.639 0.080 0.066 12.951 0.001 0.432 38.103

100

(Cr

6+

)

300 4 6 1.5 50 4 40 -

[ 5-10]

- xcix -

6.

, . 2009 8

, 16 10 .

1. 0.5~6.9%, 81.0~99.2%,

0.3~12.3% , 3.0, 93.3, 3.7%

. 86.9~99.7% ,

0.3~13.1% , 96.2% 3.8% .

2. 37.7~46.7%, 4.7~6.8%, 42.3~51.0%,

0.0~0.27% , .

43.7%, 6.3%, 46.3%, 0.1% .

3. 2,530~4,150 kcal/kg,

2,85~3,720 kcal/kg ,

3,880~4,640 kcal/kg 3,490~4,225 kcal/kg .

(/) 1.19

, 1.22 .

4.

( = 0.255 mg/L).

47.690 mg/L 3.0 mg/L

. 1( ), 6( 1), 8( ),

9( ) 100 mg/L .

,

. 1.783 mg/L

1.5 mg/L . 13( ) 14(

) 4.713 mg/L 12.211 mg/L .

- c -

13 14

.

5. 2.15%

PCDD/PCDF .

Cr Cr

2

O

3

,

. 0.902~24.3% , 8()

24.3% . Cu CuO ,

3 0.606~68.4% .

7( 2) 68.4% . As

2

O

3

, 3 ,

2() 8( ) 4.39% 20.3% .

6. CCA

.

CCA

.

CCA

,

.

7. TG-DTA 100 10%

, 400 50~60%

.

8. 10 5.73~43.75%,

4.76~15.87%, 46.69~87.62% .

6.0~23.72% , 76.28~93.99%

, 13.0% 87.0% .

9. ( 8)

.

- ci -

, : , (1999)

, , , CCA ,

, , 21(1), pp.1-8 (2008)

, (2007)

, , , pp.101-120 (2002)

, CCA ,

, , pp.33-48 (2006)

, , CCA , ,

, 22(4), pp.339-248 (2007)

, (1999)

, , , , , ,

(2004)

, , , ,

, 11(1), pp.289-292 (2007)

, , , , ,

, , 25(4), pp.363-370 (2008)

(),

(2007)

, ( ) (2006)

, (2) 21, 3

, pp.44-45 (2006)

,

(2005)

, CCA ,

(2005)

, , , , , , , , , ,

, , , ,

(2002)

, (http://www.angangi.com/) (2009)

, , , CCA- ,

Flux , , 22(8), pp.721-728

- cii -

(2005a)

, , , , CCA- ,

, ,

pp.487-490 (2005b)

, , , , CCA ,

2000 , pp.135-137 (2000a)

, , , , CCA ,

2000 , pp.143-146 (2000b)

, , , , , , CCA

, 2000 , pp.138-142 (2000c)

, , , ,

, 33(3), pp.53-63 (2005)

, , , 46(12), pp.33~41 (1998)

, , , CCA (Chromated Copper Arsenate)

CCA , , 35(1), pp.73-80 (2007)

, CCA ,

, (2005)

, , ,

(2007)

, , , , , ,

, 3(2), pp.3-12 (1998)

, , , , ,

PCDDs/DFs ,

, p483~486 (2005)

, (2002)

, (2004)

, , (2007. 5)

, (http://stat.me.go.kr/nesis/index.jsp),

(2009)

Barona, A., Aranguiz, I. and Elias, A., Metal Associations in Soils before and

after EDTA Extractive Decontamination : Implications for the

Effectiveness of Further Clean up Procedures, Environmental Pollution,

113, pp.79-85 (2001)

- ciii -

Beder, S., Timber Leachates Prompt Preservative Review, Engineers Australia,

75(6), pp.32-34 (2003)

Breslin, V.T. and Adler-Lvanbrook, L., Release of Copper, Chromium and Arsenic

from CCA-C Treated Lumber in Estuaries, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf

Science, 46, pp111-125 (1998)

Brown, C.J. and Eaton, R.A., Toxicity of Chromated Copper

Arsenate(CCA)-Treated Wood to Non-Target Marine Fouling

Communities in Langstone harbour, Portsmouth, UK, Marine Pollution

Bulletin, 42(4), pp310-318 (2001)

Chlopecka, A., "Assessment of Form of Cd, Zn, and Pb in Contaminated

Calcareous and Gleyed Soils in Southwest Poland", The Science of the

Total Environment, 188, pp.253-262 (1996)

Cockerham, L.G. and Shane, B.S., Basic Environmental Toxicology, CRC, p143 (1994)

Dang, W., Chen, N., Mottl, N., Phillips, L., Wood, P., McCarthy, S., Lee, R.,

Helmke, M., Nelson, M., and CoonVersar, K., A Probabilistic Exposure

Assessment for Children Who Contact CCA-treated Playsets and Decks

(2003)

Dahlgren, S.V., The Course of Fixation of Cu-Cr-As Wood Preservatives, No.

IRG/WP/74-307, International Research Group on Wood Preservation,

Stockholm, Sweden (1974)

Galaska, E.G., Skladany, G.J., and Nyer, E.K., Biological Treatment of

Groundwater, Soils, and Soil Vapor Contaminated with Petroleum

Hydrocarbons, 44th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference Proceedings,

pp.11-21 (1990)

Hinchee, R.E. and Ong, S.K., A Rapid In Situ Respiration Test for Measuring

Aerobic Biodegradation Rates of Hydrocarbons in Soils, J. A&WM,

42(10), October, pp.1305-1312 (1992)

Kartal, S.N. and Lebow, S., Effect of Compression Wood on Leaching of

Chromium, Copper, and Arsenic from CCA-C Treated Red Pine, No.

IRG/WP/00-30232, International Research Group on Wood Preservation,

Stockholm, Sweden (2000)

Massacci, G., Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Toxicology of Landfill Gas

Components, Landfilling of Waste: Biogas, (eds.) Christensen, T. H., Cossu

- civ -

R., Stegmann R., E & FN SPON, pp.73-84 (1996)

Peter, S.N., Fendort, S.E., Lowney, Y.W., Holm, S.E., and Ruby, M.V., Chemical

Structure of Arsenic and Chromium in Chromated Copper Arsenate

(CCA) Treated Wood, Social Science Research Laboratory (2005)

Raksasataya, M., Langdon, A.G. and Kim, N.D., "Assessment of the Extent of

Lead Redistribution During Sequential Extraction by Two Different

Methods", Analytica Chimica Acta, 332, pp.1-14 (1996)

Samaras, P., Skadrad, G., Sakellaropoulos, G.P., Blumenstock, M., Schramm, K.W.,

Kettrup, A., Toxic Emissions during Co-combustion of Biomass-waste

Wood-lignite Blends in An Industrial Boiler, Chemosphere, 43, p751-755

(2001)

Sanders, J.G. and Windom, H.L., The Uptake and Reduction of Arsenic Species

by Marine Algae, Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 10, pp555-567

(1980)

Skadras, G., Samaras, P., Vourliotis, P., Emission Monitoring during Coal Waste

Wood Co-combustion in An Industrial Steam Boiler, Fuel, 81, p547-554

(2002)

Smallwood, I., Solvent Recovery Handbook, Edward Arnold, pp.214-225 (1993)

Solo-Gabriele, H.M., Townsend, T.G., and Schert, J., Environmental Impacts of

CCA-treated Wood: A Summary from Seven Years of Study Focusing on

the U.S. Florida Environment, No. IRG/WP/03-50205, International

Research Group on Wood Preservation, Stockholm, Sweden (2003)

Stilwell, D.E. and Gorney, K.D., Contamination of Soil with Copper, Chromium

and Arsenic under Decks Built from Pressure Treated Wood, Bulletin of

Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 58, pp.22-29 (1997)

Tuin, B.J.W. and Tels, M., "Distribution of Six Heavy Metals from Contaminated

Clay Soils Before and After Extractive Cleaning", Environmental

Technology, 11, pp.935-938 (1990)

Ure, A.M., "Method of Analysis for Heavy Metals in Soils", Alloway, B. J. (ed.),

Blackie and Sons Ltd., pp.40-80 (1990)

Warburon, W., Cornfield, J., Lewis, A., and Anderson, D.G., Fixation of CCA in

Pinus Sylvestris after Kiln Drying, No. IRG/WP/3594, International

Research Group on Wood Preservation, Stockholm, Sweden (1990)

- cv -

Webster, R.C., Hui, X., Barbadillo, S., Maibach, H.I., Lowney, Y.W., Schoof, R.A.,

Holm, S.E., and Ruby, M.V., In vivo Percutaneous Absorption of Arsenic

from Water and CCA-treated Wood Residue, Toxicological Science, 79,

pp.287-295 (2004)

Weis, P. and Weis, P., Effect of Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) Pressure

Treated Wood in the Aquatic Environment, Ambio, 24, pp.269-274 (1995)

West, D.C., Health Effects of Preserved Wood : Relationship between

CCA-treated Wood and Incidence of Cancer in the U.S., The

Environmental Impacts of Preservative-Treated Wood Conference (2004)

- cvi -

- cvii -

A.

[ A-1] 1 ( ) 110

[ A-2] 2 () 110

[ A-3] 3 ( ) 110

[ A-4] 4 ( 1) 110

[ A-5] 5 ( 2) 110

[ A-6] 6 ( 1) 110

[ A-7] 7 ( 2) 110

[ A-8] 8 ( ) 110

[ A-9] 9 ( 1) 111

[ A-10] 10 ( 2) 111

[ A-11] 11 ( ) 111

[ A-12] 12 () 111

[ A-13] 13 ( ) 111

[ A-14] 14 ( ) 111

[ A-15] 15 ( ) 111

[ A-16] 16 (SK) 111

B.

[ B-1] 1 ( ) 112

[ B-2] 2 ( ) 112

[ B-3] 3 ( -) 112

[ B-4] 4 ( ) 112

[ B-5] 5 () 112

[ B-6] 6 ( ) 112

[ B-7] 7 ( - ) 112

[ B-8] 8 ( ) 112

[ B-9] 9 ( ) 113

[ B-10] 10 (~) 113

- cviii -

C.

[ C-1] : 114

[ C-2] : 114

[ C-3] : 114

[ C-4] : (1) 114

[ C-5] : (2) 114

[ C-6] : 114

[ C-7] (1) 114

[ C-8] (2) 114

[ C-9] : 115

[ C-10] 115

[ C-11] 115

[ C-12] : 115

[ C-13] : 115

[ C-14] (ICP-AES) 115

[ C-15] : 115

[ C-16] : 115

[ C-17] : XRF 116

[ C-18] : TG-DTA 116

D. XRF

[ D-1] 1 ( ) 117

[ D-2] 2 () 117

[ D-3] 3 ( ) 118

[ D-4] 4 ( 1) 118

[ D-5] 5 ( 2) 119

[ D-6] 6 ( 1) 119

[ D-7] 7 ( 2) 120

[ D-8] 8 ( ) 120

[ D-9] 9 ( 1) 121

[ D-10] 10 ( 2) 121

[ D-11] 11 ( ) 122

[ D-12] 12 () 122

- cix -

[ D-13] 13 ( ) 123

[ D-14] 14 ( ) 123

[ D-15] 15 ( ) 124

[ D-16] 16 (SK) 124

E. TG-DTA

[ E-1] 1 ( ) 125

[ E-2] 2 () 125

[ E-3] 3 ( ) 126

[ E-4] 4 ( 1) 126

[ E-5] 5 ( 2) 127

[ E-6] 6 ( 1) 127

[ E-7] 7 ( 2) 128

[ E-8] 8 ( ) 128

[ E-9] 9 ( 1) 129

[ E-10] 10 ( 2) 129

[ E-11] 11 ( ) 130

[ E-12] 12 () 130

[ E-13] 13 ( ) 131

[ E-14] 14 ( ) 131

[ E-15] 15 ( ) 132

[ E-16] 16 (SK) 132

- cx -

A.

[ A-1] 1 ( ) [ A-1] 2 ()

[ A-3] 3 ( ) [ A-4] 4 ( 1)

[ A-4] 5 ( 2) [ A-6] 6 ( 1)

[ A-7] 7 ( 2) [ A-8] 8 ( )

- cxi -

[ A-9] 9 ( ) [ A-10] 10 ()

[ A-11] 11 ( ) [ A-12] 12 ()

[ A-13] 13 ( ) [ A-14] 14 ( )

[ A-15] 15 ( ) [ A-16] 16 (SK)

- cxii -

B.

[ B-1] 1 ( ) [ B-2] 2 ( )

[ B-3] 3 ( -) [ B-4] 4 ( )

[ B-5] 5 () [ B-6] 6 ( )

[ B-7] 7 ( - ) [ B-8] 8 ( )

- cxiii -

[ B-9] 9 ( ) [ B-10] 10 (~)

- cxiv -

C.

[ C-1] : [ C-2] :

[ C-3] : [ C-4] : (1)

[ C-5] : (2) [ C-6] :

[ C-7] (1) [ C-8] (2)

- cxv -

[ C-9] : [ C-10]

15

[ C-11] [ C-12] :

[ C-13] : [ C-14] (ICP-AES)

[ C-15] : [ C-16] :

- cxvi -

[ C-17] : XRF [ C-18] : TG-DTA

- cxvii -

D. XRF

[ D-1] 1 ( ) [ D-2] 2 ()

- cxviii -

[ D-3] 3 ( ) [ D-4] 4 ( 1)

- cxix -

[ D-5] 5 ( 2) [ D-6] 6 ( 1)

- cxx -

[ D-7] 7 ( 2) [ D-8] 8 ( )

- cxxi -

[ D-9] 9 ( ) [ D-10] 10 ()

- cxxii -

[ D-11] 11 ( ) [ D-12] 12 ()

- cxxiii -

[ D-13] 13 ( ) [ D-14] 14 ( )

- cxxiv -

[ D-15] 15 ( ) [ D-16] 16 (SK)

- cxxv -

E. TG-DTA

[ E-1] 1 ( )

[ E-2] 2 ()

- cxxvi -

[ E-3] 3 ( )

[ E-4] 4 ( 1)

- cxxvii -

[ E-5] 5 ( 2)

[ E-6] 6 ( 1)

- cxxviii -

[ E-7] 7 ( 2)

[ E-8] 8 ( )

- cxxix -

[ E-9] 9 ( )

[ E-10] 10 ()

- cxxx -

[ E-11] 11 ( )

[ E-12] 12 ()

- cxxxi -

[ E-13] 13 ( )

[ E-14] 14 ( )

- cxxxii -

[ E-15] 15 ( )

[ E-16] 16 (SK)