فارس، ایران

ایران فارس،بنهم جهان در که کفتم روی

آزاد بنگی ثید از .گردممنزل پارس نترون نه که

و بصره و روم و شام هست.بغداد

I said, turn your path to the greater world,

So I should be free of the chains of slavery.

But I found no place for me outside of Fars,

Not Syria, not Anatolia, not Basra, and not Baghdad.

-Hafez

Fars, Iran

General information• Population: ~4,400,000 ۴۴۰۰۰۰۰

Qashqai. Mamasani Lurs, Khamseh, and Kohkiluyeh

• Official Languages: Farsi, Qashqai, and Luri (Mamasani)

• Climate: Mountains: moderate winders, mild summers; Central: rainy winters, hot dry summers; South: moderate winters, very hot summers

• Economy: agriculture (cereal, citruses, dates, cotton, sugar beets), electronics, petrochemicals, and tourism

History تاریخ• Pre-Achamenian Era (728BC-559BC)• Achamenian Era (560BC-330BC)• Achamenian Posers (Parthians)• Sassanid Era (226AD-651AD)• Arab invasion• Hot potato dynasties• Pahlavi dynasty• Islamic Revolution 1979

Ancient citiesThe first capital of the Achaemenid Empire, Pasargadae, lies in ruins 43 kilometers from Persepolis. The modern name comes from the Greek meaning the garden of Pars.

Persepolis is situated 70 km northeast of the modern city of Shiraz in the Fars Province of modern Iran

Persepolis was first constructed by Darius I. It was finished during the reign of Artaxerxes I, Darius’s grandson.

Naqsh-i Rustam was the tomb of four kings that was cut into the side of a cliff. The first king to be buried in there was Darius I and has long since been looted.

Over a century after Xerxes burned Athens to the ground, Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire and burned Persepolis in revenge.

Points of interest in Shiraz

Shiraz, the City of Poets, is best known for its Bagh or gardens. Two of the most beautiful gardens are part of the tombs of Iran's most famous poets.

نگهدار خداوندا مثالش نی وضع و شیراز خوشازوالش از

•Food: maqilba, mokhla, shokhtu, zonaj, grapes, melons, cheese, sugars

•Exports: grapes (mesqali and qureh), flower essences (violet, jasmine, and narcissus from Bishapur), textiles, mosaic art, silverware

•Life: Religion(borj al-owliya), violence(some time ago), hedonism(rendan), learning(dar al-elm), culture

•Ruling Elite*: Ruler and court, Advisor/Minister, Qazi al’Qozat, Judge and Scholar, and Sheikh al-Eslam

•Centers of Power*: Seyyeds (Alavis), Guilds, neighborhoods, and mobs

•Wine-producers are often, but not always, either of Armenian or Zoroastrian background, as non-Muslim minority groups are entitled the right to produce wine (and other alcoholic beverages) for their own use.

شیخان خاهل پیرانگمراه

االه استغفر عاند وزفعل

کردند افسانه رندی به ماراتوبه کردیم زاهد دست از

بیوفائی گرفتم هریاری که جئی چه صفاهونم صفاهونمآشنائی صد منزلم درهر که شیراز به تا برونم سر یک شوم

*time of hafez

The best Shirazi wines were grown in terraced vineyards around the village of Khoullar. These wines were white and existed in two different styles: dry wines for drinking young, and sweet wines meant for aging.

Food and poetry

• Persian food is da bomb. Baklava is even better.• Poetry:Nima Yushij is considered the father of

modern Persian poetry. The transformation brought about by Nima Youshij, who freed Persian poetry from the fetters of prosodic measures, was a turning point in a long literary tradition.

• Satire: زاکانی عبید الدین Ubayd-i Zākāni نجمEthics of Aristocracy, loved Shiraz, but native of Qazvin.

• Persian mystic and poet• Born (1310-1325) in Shiraz as shamseddin Mohammad• Died (1388-1389) in Shiraz, buried in the Musalla Gardens• Rubaiyat 13

Every friend who talked of love, became a foe.Every eagle shifted its shape to a crow.They say the night is pregnant, and I say,Who is the father? And how do you know? شد دشمن وفا ز زد دم که دوست هرشد تردامـن بود که پاکروی هرعجب است این و آبستن شب گویند

شد آبستـن چه از ندید مرد کاو• Verse 7, Ghazal 79

Neither Hafiz’s corpse, nor his life negate,With all his misdeeds, heavens for him wait. حافـظ جـنازه از مدار دریغ قدم

بهشت به می‌رود است گناه غرق چه گر که

• (1184-1213)-(1283-1291)

• Bustan (The Orchard) completed in 1257: virtuous stories and commentary on the behavior and practices of dervishes written in verse

• Gulistan (The Rose Garden) completed 1258: stories and personal anecdotes written in prose divided by short poems

• Western fanboys: Alexander Pushkin, Andre du Ryer, Adam Olearius, Goethe, Ralph Waldo Emerson and the U.N.

• لطفا میخواهیم نخندید شما ته؛ در را آن بخانید .اگه• خرباشد هنوز بیاید بد چون بر بمکه گرش خرعیس

پیکرند یک اعضای آدم بنیگوهرند یک ز آفرينش در که

روزگار آورد درد به عضوى چوقرار نماند را عضوها دگر

غمی بی دیگران محنت کز توآدمی نهند نامت که نشاید

Human beings are members of a whole,In creation of one essence and soul.If one member is afflicted with pain,Other members uneasy will remain.

If you have no sympathy for human pain,The name of human you cannot retain.

Tribes طایقه• Qashqa’i قشقاعی• Lurs/Luri 300,000(~لر( from Buyer Ahmad

Province, some called Mamasani– Many are still pastoral nomads, but mostly

settled

Qashqa’iیاعقشق

Population: ~1.5 million

Languages: Persian and Qashqa’i(unwritten)

History: migrated between 11-12th century, formed under the name Qashqa’i in the early 18th century, formed a confederacy in the 19th century and begin to grow more integrated into modern society.

Music: http://www.qashqai.net/music.html

Products: wool, cheeses, curds, dairy products, barley, wheat, carpets and rugs

Religion: very unobservant Shia Muslims