我我我我我我我我我我我我 許許許 許許許許許許許許許許許許許許許許許許許許許 許許許許許許許許許許許許許許 2012/7/20
Jan 26, 2016
2012/7/20
--------------------------------------- 3 ------------ 5------------------- 16 -------------------------------- 41*
()(Energy Conservation)(Load Management)
()DSM*
Web2.0Paradigm Shift
(Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC)201058GW7.6%(State of Florida)50%*
1979
20114,883MW2008201117MW*
(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC)Mckinsey2030
*
()
07:30~22:30159
(derived demand)
*
()
58%
*
()
*20121002012/07/101:29.94/
1.822.961.933.201.954.602.394.762.495.222.535.432.545.912.566.40
()
*
*100
()
*A
B 20121002012/07/101:29.94
X(%)(AB)B100%5% < X 0510% < X 5%10X 10%20
()
610
*
()
24
*
()
*
()(1)
DSM254950
*
*California Energy Commission (May 2008),Energy Efficiency: The First and Most Profitable Way to Delay Climate Change.
()(1)
PG&E
PG&E
1040
*
PG&E*PG&Ehttp://www.pge.com2012/7/101:29.94/
7.58 (/)4.42 (/)7.954.853.352.792.90101% - 130%8.455.363.863.303.40131% - 200%13.3310.238.738.168.28201% - 300%14.5211.429.939.369.47300%17.4512.8811.0311.5211.16
PG&E*PG&Ehttp://www.pge.com/
()(2)
50013.411001.1511.7
2011112013121350670.6(18.1)118.4(3.2)93(2.5)
*
*http://www.kepco.co.kr/eng2012/07/101:0.027/
()1~1007.81~1001.15101~20017.2101~2002.37201~30029.8201~3003.50301~40071.2301~4005.17401~500133.4401~5007.63501~244.6501~13.41
()(3)
EDF1965EDF
tempoCritical-peak pricing, CPPDynamic PricingEDF1957199421.3
tempo306002200300432257
*
20127*EDFhttp://particuliers.edf.com/energy-for-your-home/prices/electricity/tarif-bleu-56121.html#acc831982012/7/101:36.8/
(KVA)94,0512.633.153.764.466.9918.34127,5632.633.153.764.466.9918.34157,7802.633.153.764.466.9918.34187,9972.633.153.764.466.9918.343016,9912.633.153.764.466.9918.343621,0742.633.153.764.466.9918.34
()(4)
18
British Gas247108710
*
*British Gas http://www.britishgas.co.uk/2012/7/101:46.89/
0kwh-180kwh()11.52 180kwh()6.092.12
()(5)
1AMI50AMI
*
()(5)
1350
(1)(2)(3)(4)5KW10KW1010
*
()(1)(aggregator) (aggregator)
Aggregator
2006Comverge28MW
Comverge15000100
(95%)Comverge20102200060MW
*
()(1) Aggregator(Real-Time Pricing, RTP)DRRTPAggregator(virtual power plant)
()Aggregator(Retail Electric Providers, REPs)(Energy Information and Communication Technology, EICT)
*
()(2)(Energy Services Company, ESCO)
(Energy Services Company, ESCO)Energy Saving Performance Contract, ESPC
ESCOESCO
*
()(2)
ESCOESCOESCO
1000200ESCOESCO
ISO500012011615ISOESCOISO50001ESCOESCOISO 50001
*
()(1)
DSMmaster plan2009 (Public Utilities Commission, PUC)
*
()(1)
(on-site research)
(Priority Services)(Technology Acceptance Model, TAM)DSM
*
()(2)
Web2.0(Distributed Energy Resource)
987201292.56
*
()(2)
RIMTRCUCT1
30%35%(Feed-In Tariff, FIT)
*
()(2)2
FIT38.98
FIT(Net Energy Metering, NEM)
2007NEM200913MWNEM*
FIT*/http://www.heco.com/2012/7/101:29.94
123PV6.535.665.90CSP8.057.609.43Wind4.824.133.59In-line Hydro6.385.66X
()(3)
DTEDTEVIP
AGLColesFlybuy(Happy Go)ColesFlybuyAGLFlybuyAGLFlybuyColes
*
()(3)
Marks & Spencer (M&S)M&S Energy(a)M&S Energy20(b)10(c)10%30(d)M&S Energy10
DSMDR
*
(ICT)
1980
21Web 2.0(Internet of Things, IOT)e-Taiwanm-Taiwanu-Taiwani-Taiwan()
*
(Green IT)EICT
AMI
() *
()
()()
AMI(data mining) *