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1. 2. 3. 4.
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1.
. 1. 10103 C2H4 104
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: CH2=CHCL -CH2-CH-CH2-CH-CH2-CH-
( CH2-CH )n
nC2H4+mC2H3COOC2H ( CH2-CH2 )n( CH2-CH )mCLCLCLCOOC2H5
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2.
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. 1. 2.
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11 R:R R +R R 2
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A:B A++:B-2
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1 R:R 2R R
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R +M RM
OOC600C-800C2OO~1000C2+2CO2+CH2=CH
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2 RM +M RMM RMnM
+nM+C=CC-C-C-C+nCH=CHCL
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3 RMn +RMn RM2nR RMn +R'() RM2nR' : RMn +RMn RM2nR
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+( C-C )2n
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: , , .:++
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3. : , ,, (), .
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,: 1) ABAABABBAABBABABB 2) ABABABABABABABAB
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3) AAAABBBBBBAAAA 4) AAAAAAAAAAAAAA BBBBB BBBBB 4. ,,,;;.
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() 1. X-H+Y-OH X-Y+H2O nH-X-H+nHO-Y-OH H [ X-Y ]nOH+ (2n-1)H2O : , , ()( ).
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2. 1) : . :
+(n-1)H2O+(n-1)H2O-66
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2): . :
3)H2N ( CH2 )6NH2+HO-C ( CH2 )4C-OHH [ HN ( CH2 )6NH-C ( CH2 )4C ]nOH+(2n-1)H2O6666
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3. HO-C- -OH+HOCH2CH2OHHO [ C- -OCH2CH2O-C- -O ]nH+(2n-1)H2O
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1. ,.2. .3. .. 1. ,,;.,.
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: Mii(i=1,2,3,) : (1) ,
(2) ,
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2. ,() ,,,.,,,,.
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2. . : ,,.
1. . : ,, ,. (PE),(PP),(PVC)
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2. (1) 3. (2) ,. -CH2-CH-CH2-CH~+ ~P* ~CH2-CH-CH2-C*-CH2-CH-
+PH ~CH2-CH-CH2-C*-CH2-CH~+CH2=CH
~CH2-CH-CH2-CCH2-CH2-CH~
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(3) . : nCH2=CH-CH=CH2 [ CH2-CH=CH-CH2 ]n [ CH2-CH-CH-CH2 ] (4) . : ,. (5) ,. : ().
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: , ,, . : (), , , .. 1. : ,,.
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2. 3. 1 RT2CED ~
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. : CED290J/cm3 290J/cm3CED400J/ cm3 CED400J/ cm3 . 1.
1-2
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: .: (1) . (2) .2. : - . ,.
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: .3. (1) ,. ,. ,. ,.(2) ,,. ,.
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,. (3) ,. (4) ,,. (5) ,. 104,..
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: ,,,,. ,,,,. 1. ,(). ,40%.
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: .2. ,,,,.3. :,,.4.
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(1) ,
HH ( C-C )nHHn C=CH-CH=C ( C-CH=CH-C )nHH1234
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,1,4,
1,4,
1,4,-CH2 CH=CHCH2-CH2CH=CHCH2-14321234-CH2 CHCHCH2 CHCH2 CHCH2 12341234
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,,,. :
( C-C )n C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
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(2) .(3) ,. ,. . ,,,,. CH2 CH CH2 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH
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3.
.1. : ( ).2. : , ,, ().
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: , , . x(t) 1/e. : . , ,:tx
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, .3. : : , E,R,T.. () TgTf
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:. ,,Tg.,Tf. ,(): ,,,,, ,.,,,,().
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,. , ,;,,. ,,,(). , ,, .() 1.
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2. ,40%,,,,,,,,,. ,. (1) (M),TfTm
TgTfTm
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(2) (M),TfTm,:.,.
() . Tg. () : Tg.TgTfTm
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1. (1) (-C-C--C-O--C-N--C-Si-),Tg. : Tg-680C(-1200C)(2) ,, Tg. : Tg870C.(3) ,, Tg . , Tg .
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, (T).
, 2. (1) : ,TgTg. Tg,. : ,Tg,, Tg
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(2) Tg.(3) M, Tg ,, Tg.(4) () ,, Tg . : Tm.Tg.3. (1)
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, Tg.(2) ,Tg .(3) , Tg .(4) ,Tg .
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4.
. ()
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() (,). , 0.21.5J/cm2 0.40.6J/cm2
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() : . ,.()1. 2. ,3. (1) (2) (3)
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.() () , , , :1. (1) (2)
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2. ,(1) (2) 3. ,, . : (LDPE) 1100C (HDPE) 1370C4. ,,
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: ,,2500C. ,: . : 1201510 : , 1000C , : 1300C1500C() ,()
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() 1-15. () : L,C1,P1,P2,C2,Fick:,q,:
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,C=PS.:D,S.
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: : : q: (cm3) P1 P2 : P1 >P2 (0.1MPa) D: (cm2/s) S: (cm3/cm30.1MPa)
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Pg : ((cm3cm)/(cm2s0.1MP)) 1. : =0 0.5D 0.5D0.7D >0.7D
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DPg 2. Pg DPg 3. Pg DPg 4. Pg DPg
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1. : -OH-NH2-COOH
: (C-C)
40%60%0.0310-80.0610-8HHHOHn
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Fick2. DPg 3. , . ()
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()
: HV: ; R: T: M: d: 1-16
- : (1)
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1. 2. . 1. 0.90~1.1g/cm3
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2. :
(1) (2) 3. : (250C200C)24
