第 ４ 章 存 储 器

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

4.1 1. (1) (2) (3) (4) TTL MOS

(1) 4.12. (2)

CacheFlash Memory3. 4.1

1. 4.1

4.1

4.2 1.

2. CPU 4.2

24 16 32 3. 4.2224 = 16 M8 M4 M

(2) 4. (1) (3) /4.2

1. 1K416K18K81041411384.2

/ 4.2

16K 1 64K 8 324.2

2. (1) 4.2

(2) 4.20,0

( RAM ) 1. RAM (SRAM) (1) RAM A A 4.2T1 ~ T4

RAM 4.2

RAM 4.2

(2) RAM Intel 2114 1K4 4.2

Intel 2114 RAM (64 64) 4.2

4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)

4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)

4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)

4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)

4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)

1503116473263481503116473263480163015I/O1I/O2I/O3I/O4WECS00000000004.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64) 0163248

4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64) 0163248

4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64) 0163248

4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)

4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)

4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)

4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)

4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)

4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)

4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)

4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)

4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)

(3) RAM 4.2

(4) RAM (2114) 4.2

(1) RAM 2. RAM ( DRAM ) 1 CS 1 04.2T

(2) RAM RAM (Intel 1103) 4.2

RAM (Intel 1103) 4.2

4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)

4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)

4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)

4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)

4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)

4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)

4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)

4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)

RAM 4116 (16K 1) 4.2

4116 (16K 1) 4.263000

4116 (16K1) 4.2630

(3) RAM DOUT DIN 4.2

(4) RAM 128/4 000 100% = 3.2% 0.5 s 128 = 64 s 4.2128 128

tC = tM + tR 1 s ( 0.5 s + 0.5 s )4.2 128 128

128 128 0.5 s 0.5 s 15.6 s 2 ms 4.2

3. RAM RAM 4.2

ROM 1. ROM ( MROM ) MOS 1 MOS 0 2. PROM () 4.2

3. EPROM ( ) (1) N MOS 4.2

(2) 2716 EPROM 4.2

4. EEPROM ( ) 5. Flash Memory () EEPROM4.2EPROM EEPROM RAM

1K 4 1K 8 CPU 1. 4.22

(2) 1K 8 2K 8 4.22

(3) 1K 4 4K 8 4.28

2. CPU (1) (2) (3) /(4) (5) (6) 4.2

4.1 : (1) (2) A15A14A13 A11 A10 A7 A4 A3 A04.2

(3) A10~ A0 2K 8 ROM A9 ~ A0 1K 4 RAM (4) 4.2

4.1 CPU 4.2

(1) (2) (3) (4) 1 4K 8 ROM 2 4K 8 RAMA11~ A0 ROM RAM 4.2

138 CPU 2764 F0000H~FFFFFH , 2764 4.2

L D C 4.21 .

2k n + k + 1 4.22 .

Ci gi 2i1 gi gj 2i1 + 2j1 gigj gl 2i1 + 2j1 + 2l1 4.2

4.4 0101 n = 4 2k n + k + 1 k = 3:C1 C2 C40 0101 01001014.210

0011 C1 C2 C41 0 0 n = 4 2k n + k + 1 k = 3 0011 100001114.2

3. Pi 3 k = 3 P4 P2 P1 k = 3 Pi P1= 0P2 = 0P4 = 0C1C2C44.2

P4P2P1 = 110 6 0100101 01014.54.2

2 P4 P2 P1 = 100 4 01010114.2

1. Cache 4.2

2. (1) 4.2

4.2(1)

4.2(2)

4.2 (2)

4.2 0 1 2 3

4.2T T 4 4 T(4 1)

T

W4

W3

W2

W1

W0

M0

M0

M1

M2

M3

(3) CPU 4.2

4.23.(1) SDRAM ( DRAM)CPU (2) RDRAM Rambus (3) Cache DRAM DRAM SRAM Cache

4.3 1. CPU CPU DRAM

2. Cache (1) B 4.3

(2) M >> C 4.3

(3) Cache CPU Cache Cache 4 ~ 8 CRAY_1 16 16 IBM 370/168 4 4 644 = 2564.3

(4) Cache e Cache h Cache tc tm

4.3

3. Cache 4.3

CacheCacheCacheCPU

Cache

Cache

Cache

CPU

Cache

Cache

Cache

4. Cache 4.3

Cache 4.3 Write through Write back Cache Cache Cache Cache Cache Cache

5. Cache (1) Cache Cache Cache(2) Cache CachePentium 8K Cache 8K CachePowerPC620 32K Cache 32K Cache4.3

Cache 1. i j i = j mod C4.3

2. 4.3

j Q i i = j mod Q3. 4.3

1. FIFO 2. LRU 4.3

4.4 1. CPU 2. C = n k s + Dr = Db V

1. 4.4

4.41.

2. 4.4

NRZ1 4.4

1. (1) (2) 2. 4.4

(1) 4.4

(2) (3) 4.4

1. 4.4

2. 4.4

1. 2. 4.4