奧林匹克與東亞 : 國際觀教育

奧林匹克與東亞奧林匹克與東亞 : : 國際觀教育國際觀教育

The Olympics in East Asia:The Olympics in East Asia:

Nationalism, Regionalism, and Globalism on the Nationalism, Regionalism, and Globalism on the Center Stage of Center Stage of

World SportsWorld Sports

Leo HsuLeo HsuOlympic Studies CentreOlympic Studies Centre

Da-Yeh UniversityDa-Yeh UniversityChanghua, TaiwanChanghua, Taiwan

Location in East Asia

112 Shanjiau Rd, Dacun,Chang-hua, Taiwan 51591 R.O.C

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IntroductionIntroduction Three major international conferences Three major international conferences

1. 2003: 15-16 November. Japan.1. 2003: 15-16 November. Japan. “ “The Olympic Movement in Asia”. The Olympic Movement in Asia”.

2. 2006: 22-24 October, Beijing. China.2. 2006: 22-24 October, Beijing. China. “ “Olympic Academies for the Future”.Olympic Academies for the Future”.

3. 2007: 24-25 November, Beijing, China.3. 2007: 24-25 November, Beijing, China.““Olympic: Education and the All-round Development Olympic: Education and the All-round Development

of People”.of People”.

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IntroductionIntroduction IOC Director of International Cooperation and IOC Director of International Cooperation and

Development, Mr. Sithole’s (2006)Development, Mr. Sithole’s (2006)

What can you do for Olympic education? What can you do for Olympic education?

What can you contribute to this enormous What can you contribute to this enormous task of disseminating Olympic education in task of disseminating Olympic education in developing countries? developing countries?

How else do you think we may go about it?How else do you think we may go about it?

Ism?

IntroductionIntroductionIsm?

Western imperialismWestern imperialism,, Eurocentrism,Eurocentrism,

commercialism, regionalism,commercialism, regionalism,

nationalism nationalism and and globalismglobalism

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IntroductionIntroduction Olympism in East Asia: Can Western imperialism, Euro-

centrism and commercialism be embraced by the Olympic Educational Movement in East Asia?

Olympism for East Asia: Do regionalism, nationalism and

globalism fit into the Olympic Educational Movement in East Asia?

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I. Olympism in East I. Olympism in East Asia:Asia:

n Western Imperialism?Western Imperialism?

n Eurocentrism?Eurocentrism?

n Commercialism?Commercialism?

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Western Imperialism and Western Imperialism and Eurocentrism:Eurocentrism:

n ““Imperialism”: “the policy of extending Imperialism”: “the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies” (Webster, 1996: 960). dependencies” (Webster, 1996: 960).

““Eurocentrism”: “Considering Europe Eurocentrism”: “Considering Europe and Europeans as focal to world culture, and Europeans as focal to world culture, history, economics, etc.” (Webster, history, economics, etc.” (Webster, 1996: 669).1996: 669).

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The universal values of OlympismThe universal values of Olympism (Parry, 1999; Wigmore, 1999): (Parry, 1999; Wigmore, 1999):

Tolerance Tolerance Solidarity Solidarity Respect for othersRespect for others Fair Play Fair Play EqualityEquality Taking part Taking part FriendshipFriendship Non-discriminationNon-discrimination Character developmentCharacter development

Wigmore (2007) later: a philosophy of CitizenshipWigmore (2007) later: a philosophy of Citizenship

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Commercialism:Commercialism:

An “excessive-ism” that puts:An “excessive-ism” that puts:

““a commercial attitude in a commercial attitude in noncommercial affairs; noncommercial affairs; inappropriate or excessive inappropriate or excessive emphasis on profit, success, or emphasis on profit, success, or immediate results” immediate results”

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II.II. Olympism for East Olympism for East AsiaAsia

n Regionalism?Regionalism?

n Nationalism? Nationalism?

n Globalism?Globalism?

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RegionalismRegionalism

n 1. the principle or system of dividing a 1. the principle or system of dividing a city, state, etc., into separate city, state, etc., into separate administrative regions. administrative regions.

n 2. Advocacy of such a principle or 2. Advocacy of such a principle or system. system.

n 3. Devotion to the interests of one’s 3. Devotion to the interests of one’s own region own region

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RegionalismRegionalism

a. Athletes among each other:

b. Coach- athletes:

c. Sponsors/institutions - coaches:

d. Sponsors/institutions - athletes:

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Nationalism

“devotion and loyalty to one’s own nation; excessive patriotism; chauvinism; The desire for national advancement or interests of one’s own nation, viewed as separate from the interests of other nations”.

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Nationalism

a. Athletes among each other:

b. Coach- athletes:

c. Sponsors/institutions - coaches:

d. Sponsors/institutions - athletes:

e. Nationalism: nation vs. nation

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Globalism

The attitude or policy of placing the interests of the entire world above those of individual nations.

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Globalism

Globalism is not Globalization

Does “Globalism” fit into the Olympic Educational Movement in East Asia?”

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Internationalism

the principle of cooperation among nations, for the promotion of their common good, sometimes as contrasted with nationalism or devotion to the interests of a particular nation.

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Olympism and Pop-culture

East Asian pop stars: such as F4, Jay Chou (周杰倫 ),

Jackie Chan (成龍 ), Bae Yong-jun ( 裴勇俊 )

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The Gap

Between the Games (sports events) itself and the Olympic Educational Movement.

Olympism in and for East Asia

• Western imperialism, Eurocentrism and commercialism cannot be embraced

• regionalism and globalism should be endorsed, whereas nationalism may entail “excessive patriotism”

• reducing nationalism by increasing more regional co-operation and abolishing unnecessary prejudices between East Asian nations

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Olympism and East AsiaOlympism and East Asia

Thank you !Thank you !