გივი სომხიშვილი - ამომავალი შავი მზე, ბედის მასხარა, სატანის ღიმილი

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2 ,fdidt,j7 [tlfds7 hfc fv,j,c ahbfljcfyb vjcofdkt0= tc f[kf hbcqbhcbf0 2 vfcofdkt,tkvf rkfcc vbvfhsf8

.dtkf levlf82 f[kf jhbfyc xfub,tzlfd lf itvltu ufeut,fhb fqfhfathb lfuhxt,f= 2

smdf lf ;ehyfkc vbcodlf lfgbht,ekbc itcfchekt,kfl82 dby fe[cybc uf,jc ufeut,fh cfrbs[c0 2 hjujhw rb lfgbht,f itfche-

kf7 rkfcc vbvfhsf8/fvktnbc ufhlf [tkc fhfdby totjlf82 dthw xdty ufdbuts vfc7 2 ytkb at[pt fluf7 lfyfhxtyt,bw f.dyty8

11

2 uf,j f[cybc lhjc fm hjv .jabkb.j7 ufbut,lf lf xdty fudb[cyblf7vfuhfv cojhtl bv lqtc ltlf fdfl /.fdlf lf888 2 utkfv fvbs fuh&yj,byf7hjv uf,jc fhwjlyf7 vstkb rkfcbc fhwjlyf b.j8

/fvktnc rb hj,jnbdbs [tkb bctd fotekb tzbhf8 vtht hf7 hjv vstkbrkfcb xfdfhlybkbf7 f[bf vfufspt= fv lqtc /fvktnb fhfdbc ufeahs[bkt-,bf7 /jlf7 fhw fhfdby ittrbs[t,f8 vtht bn.dbfy7 rkfcib ,tyfidbkbc ufhlfufrdtsbkb fhfdby fh bwjlfj9 e[7 vfvfxtvc hf ufe[fhlt,f= 2 fv abmht,ibufhsekb [tkc eahj vfqkf totjlf8

vfcofdkt,tkvf /fvktnc mehlekfl uf[tlf lf cfcohfajl vjfwbkf sdf-kb8 3ytnfd bvltyb vfbyw hfnjv dth ufeubf7 hjv f[kf [tkbc fotdf fh itb&kt-,f9 hjujh vjdf[th[j7 hjv fh drbs[j04 2 ie,kpt zbhbc jakvf ufvjcwhf8fv lhjc bctd utkfc [vf xftcvf5 2 futh7 /fvktnfv bqkbf fb[bf7 vrbs[tsj9vfhnj vfufy bwbc ufrdtsbkb8

vfcofdkt,tkvf sfdb vfqkf fcobf lf zthc vbfinthlf8 3hf dmyf7 drbs[j0vtht .fhfvfyc hfqf uflfehxt,f7 xtvc vnthc uflftrbljc=4 2 abmhj,lf lfdth uflfto.dbnf7 hf tmyf8 vstkb rkfcbc ufcfkfy&qb cbn.dt,b tybc odthptitf[vf8 3ytnfd7 uf,jcsdbc vfbyw fh lfvtothf jhbfyb=4 2 sfdbc sfdc ecf.dt-lehf8 3hf dbwjlb se vstk rkfcc fh twjlbyt,jlf7 sfyfw tc .t.txb ,tyfi-dbkb fct ufvjblt,lf sfdc7 vrbs[tj48

2 /fvktnfc /rbs[t7 vfc= 2 vjcofdktt,b f[vfehlyty7 2 wjljf7 ecofd-kbf7 ihjvfc ye lferfhufds=

2 smdty smdtyc sfdc vb[tlts7 bvfpt babmhts7 hjv lqtc ecbylbcjlvjevpflt,kt,b vj[dtlbs7 /fvktnbcufy hf ubylfs0= 2 uf,hfplf8

2 vfcofdkt,tkb cojhtc fv,j,c= 2 utkfv sfdb ufvjblj7 2 ufyf fh bwbs7hjv /fvktnfc ufvjrbs[dbc lhj fh fhbc8 tuht hjv .jabkb.j7 vfubc ltlfcrjkfib fewbkt,kfl vjdbljlf9 dbyvtc ubyf[fds0

2 fh lfudbyf[fdc7 fhf= 2 rjktmnbehb gfce[b vbbqj82 /jlf7 se fh lfubyf[fds7 /fvktnfc hjujh eylf ufvjrbs[jc7 .fhfvfyfc

fh to.byt,f0= 2 smdf utkfv lf lf]lf7 rkfcb rb rjktmnbehfl f[fh[fhlf82 uftshbt ufhts= 2 b.dbhf vfcofdkt,tkvf8utkf fluf7 xfysfib obuyt,bc xfkfut,f lfbo.j7 cfmvtc hjv vjhxf7 vth-

[t,bc hbublfy lby]fl ufvjdblf82 ,jkj ufrdtsbkbf7 cf[kib ofdfk7 [dfk lbkfvlt= 2 sfyfrkfctkt,c

ufvjtvidblj,f8 rfht,sfy vbcekb itxthlf5 2 /fvktn7 ity [tkb fh xfvjei-df7 ye utibybf7 ufrdtsbkc vfbyw dth urbs[fdty8 xdtyb abpbrbc vfcofdkt,t-kb fhw bctsb ufv,tlfdbf7 hjv fv[tkf hbcrb ufcobjc8 ityc jhbfyc lfvkf-ut,tkb cjajc ,bzbc rkfcblfy uf&tdt,f ehxtdybf7 2 smdf lf f[fh[fht,ekbrkfcb rfht,bc ]f[fybs vbfnjdf8

3tc j[thb7 yfvldbkfl lt,bkbf7 [tkb bctd vfqkf ezbhfdc47 2 vfcofdkt-,tkvf ufbabmhf8 vjcofdktt,b rb bctd bwbyjlyty8

2 /fvktn7 vjbs[jdt7 urbs[jc7 sjhtv f[fkb vfcfkbc f[cyfc fgbht,c9fvltyb ihjvf o.fkib fh xfut.fhjc= 2 dbqfwfv eryblfy ve]keueyb /rhf7sfy [vfvfqkf offmtpf8

2 vblb7 /fvktn7 vblb7 vjbs[jdt7 sjhtv yfvldbkfl erbs[fdb lfhxt,b=2 lfyfhxtyt,vfw offmtptc8 f[kf fmts-bmblfy vbf.jktc v]bqb8

2 vrbs[t vfc7 2 /fvktnvf &kbdc fvjqthqf lf vfcofdkt,tkc [dtoybs

12

uf]tht,ekb vpthf vbfg.hj7 ityb zbhbvt7 fhf vrbs[jj8 bvfc rb dth ufeobffyufhbib7 hjv vfcofdkt,tkb sdfkt,bs fybiyt,lf7 ityb zbhbvt7 [tkb xf-vjeidbj8

bvbc smvf vfbyw dth vjf[th[f7 ufrdtsbkb vj.tdbj9 tyf cfcfpt vbtrhf lfdth lfbvjhxbkf8

2 vblb7 hf .t.txbdbs lut[fh7 lfafcsfy uflb lf bm vj.tdb= 2 vjcofdkt-t,vf /fvktnc e,b&utc8

tc erdt fv,j[b b.j7 vfcofdkt,kbc &fkfeakt,f ;ehyfkbc bmbs fqfhdhwtklt,jlf8

2 vblb7 vblb= 2 /fvktnb &fkfsb vbb.dfytc lfafcsfy8 2 lfbo.t f[kf7 hbcsmvf ubyljlf7 rbyfqfv bqkbf hjv bqh&t7 2 fmts-bmblfy vbf&f[tc8

lfafcsfy ufcekc vfcofdkt,tkvf efphj vpthf vbfg.hj82 lfdbo.j0 2 ufyobhekbc [fdcbdbs vjtgjnbyf fv cbn.dfc /fvktnb lf

vfcofdkt,tkc velfhbs cfdct sdfkt,b vbfg.hj9 vfy rb v[ht,b fbxtxf82 ]th ufrdtsbkbc cfsfehb smdb lf lfyfhxtyb se hfvt bwb7 vtht vbf-

.jkt7 2 dbqfwfv vjcs[jdf82 fnjvbc7 fnjvbc7 2 /fvktnvf tybc ,jh&brbs lfbo.j82 hf fnjvbc fbnt[t7 cbs[tib xf&bhek c[tekptf kfgfhfrb7 2 cthbjpe-

kfl smdf ytkbv83hf rfhubf7 tc [jv ufdbut47 2 ufbabmhf /fvktnvf lf vfibydt lfbo.j5 2

cbs[tib xf&bhekb c[tekb7 2 lfvsfdht,f fqfh fwfktc7 rkfcib [fh[fhbfn.lf9 f[kf vfcofdkt,tkbw bqbvt,jlf7 jqjyl vofhtl8

2 tu fh ubylf7 /fvktn7 ity bc vj.tdb7 vfvfityvf yflbhj,bc lhjc c[dbcbvjrkekb nf[b hjv vbbsdbcf7 2 thsvf lfb&f[f8

2 vbbsdbcf rb fhf7 lfb,hfkf-smj7 2 ufecojhtc82 vfubcvf vfvfv hf vbbsdbc-vjbsdbcf hf smdtyb cfmvtf7 lffwfkts cbn.-

dbc ,jkjvlt smvf7 sjhtv c[tekbc vfubth sdbsjy xfb&bht,f82 tu fh xfb&bht,f7 vce,embf7 vjbnbdnbdt,c7 2 lfvf]tht,kfl fv,j,lf

at[pt vlufhb f.kf.elf ,bzb8rkfcb uekbfyfl [fh[fht,lf82 /fvktn7 ity tuf smdb7 xfysfib hjvtkb rkfcbc obuyt,b ubo.dbf=2 hf smvf eylf gbhdtkbcf=2 vfubc vfvfc buht ufezbhlf7 obuyt,b dth eijdyf02 vfvfc rb fhf7 vfubc sfdc ufezbhlf9 [evhj,ff thslhjekfl fvltyb

obuyt,bc cofdkf0=2 ,tdhb hfl eylf7 vtjs[tlib ths ufrdtsbkc dth bcofdkbc02 sbsc fh fmytdc lf .dtkfpt vfqfkb ybiyt,b fmdc7 vfufy hjv .dtkf

sbsb uffmybjc7 ofhvjublutybfs hf vj[lt,jlf02 bc vj[lt,jlf7 hjv lfafcsfy tuht .t.txbdbs fqfh blut,jlf7 2 vjc-

ofdktt,b .jdtkbdt fvfc cbwbkbs b&f[jlyty8hjujhw fh b.j7 vfcofdkt,tkb ufvja[bpklf82 lf]tmb= 2 xfyfxfvjdfhlybk /fvktnc vrfwhfl es[hf8bcfw sfdbc vth[bcrty uflf,heyt,ekb ehvblfy ufvjv&dhfkb rfvtxbdbs

uf&ey&eklf8 lf]lf lf vbcfvfhsbc vbewtvkfl lfbvemhf5 2 lfvfwflts7 vtsmdty ubxdtyt,s ctbhc=

2 hfc udbpfv7 abpbrbc cofdkfc fudbrh&fkfd0

13

2 fhf7 sdbsjy lfbo.t,c cofdkfc82 fhf vujybf7 dbhc hmt,b fvjedbltc7 2 bctd f[fh[fhlyty82 ut.js vfbveyj,f= 2 b.dbhf vfcofdkt,tkvf7 2 ce.dtkfc uboths jhbfyc=2 /fvktnfcfw0 2 ittrbs[yty8vjcofdktsf vjsvbyt,bc dekrfyvf abpbrbc ufrdtsbkpt fvj[tsmf7 sj-

ht fmfvlt .dtkf tuet,jlf /fvktnbc ahbfljcfyb vjcofdkbc vbsc8 fct sfdcbn.et,lyty vfcofdkt,kt,b vjcofdktsf obyfit8 vjcofdktt,vf rb bcbw bwjl-yty7 hfw /fvktnbc vij,kt,c idbkbc ofhvfnt,bcfsdbc ihjvf lf ]faf /mjy-lfs .dtkf vfcofdkt,tksfy lf,fylt,ekb8

vjcofdktt,b fv fv,fdc ituet,ekt,b b.dyty lf /fvktnc lhjlflhj htg-kbrt,bs it[vbfyt,bc ufhlf fhfahbs fh foe[t,lyty8 /fvktnc rb sfdb eyf-.jaj sfdsfdbdbs cek vfqkf tzbhf lf fv 3,h,jc4 fhfahfl fult,lf7 gb-hbmbs7 [ibhfl lfvwbht,bc cbn.dt,bs tc[vjlf sfdc7 dbcptw vjbcehdt,lf8

bv cfvf[cjdhj abpbrbc ufrdtsbkbc itvltu ytkbc lftvemhf 2 cfvfubt-hjc uflfub[lbj8

2 hbs uflfvb[lb7 /fvktn7 ]bycbc rf,fc fqfh vfxemt,7 se xtvc mjhobk-ib sfvflfl fqfh lflut,b0 2 cbwbkbs es[hf ytkbv8

2 sfvflfl hf vbylf7 hjwf ytabc flubkc dthfdby itvtwbkt,f= 2 sfd[t-lehfl egfce[f /fvktnvf8

ytkb fvfc fh vjtkjlf lf ewt, lfb,yf8/fvktnvf rb v[fhpt [tkb uflfclj lf fvf.fl smdf52 itvjv[tlts7 hjujhb cfcb&j dbmyt,b=ytkbv [tkb /rhf lf e.dbhf5 2 cflfw ityb wfhbtkb sfdb fh vbtvfnt,fs7

it endbyj= fhw hjv phlbkj,f ufmdc lf fhw cbylbcb7 hjltvlbc ufu.dt,fvfvfitybc cmtkb ]b,t9 ,jkjc vfs[jdhfl xfdfhlt,b=

2 ,tdhb7 ,tdhb smdtyc ljytpt lfdlut7 ,tlvf se &fkbfy vbvn.eyf7 c[dfhfqf bmyt,f7 2 qdfh&kbfyfl lffcrdyf /fvktnvf8

2 tu rb fhf7 lblb ohsdyf lfuzbhlt,f7 dsmdfs7 uf,jc ljytvlt hjvfvfqklt7 vfuhfv ity vfufc dth tqbhct,b7 bct [fh lfvf[by]t,ekb7 cfvfhtwdth ufufcojht,c= 2 ufyfo.tyt,ekvf ytkbv gfce[b fh ufeudbyf8

2 bwjlt7 lhj vjdf lf vfu cbn.dt,c ituf[ctyt,= 2 /fvktnb lftvemhf82 vfbyw hjlbc fgbht, it[ctyt,fc0 2 ytkbv ufvjvodtdfl /rbs[f82 wjkj,fc hjv itvt[dtot,b7 vfiby=2 dfb ityc gfnhjyc7 it elqtehj= 2 ytkb fnbhlf8vij,kt,bc lf w[jdht,bc yt,bth /fvktnc tujyf7 hjv bc hfqfw ufycf-

resht,ekb vjvfdkbcsdbc fhct,j,lf7 hjvtkcfw vbcb sfyfnjkt,b dthwitcodlt,jlyty lf fhw b.dyty vbcb qbhcb8 vf[by]b fqphlbs ufvjodtekb.j.jxj,f vfcib .jdtkbdt flfvbfyehc fvwhj,lf7 hfibw gbhdtk hbuib vb-cb vij,kt,b cwjlfdlyty7 hflufy aemcfdfnb7 ae.t cbfvf.bc I[fvc cojhtlbcbyb fcvtdlyty lblb ljpbs8

sfyfrkfctkt,c xfkflfw fh eqbhlfs /fvktnbc afa[ehb8 [ibhfl xfe.t-yt,bfs cfcfwbkj vlujvfhtj,fib7 vfuhfv tc /fvktnbcfsdbc fhfathc ybiyfd-lf7 bc [jv .dtkf lfyfhxtyt,pt vfqkf bluf sfdbcb ufycfresht,ekb vjvfd-kbs9 sfyfrkfctkt,b rb v[jkjl lhjt,bs eaezt,lyty ufyo.j,bkt,fc8

,fmbj,fib ,flfkb fh /.fdlf7 zblfj,bc lhjc wehdbc cfrbs[t,pt kfgf-hfrj,lf lf fv cfmvtib sfdbc e,flkj vbqotdt,cfw fh lfbdbo.t,lf8 hjwf

14

fkfpfypt cf,fyfjl ofdblyty7 yfgbhblfy at[b fh vjewdkbf lf cek bvfc xbj-lf7 hfnj ,ewt,b fh ofvjdbqt7 ufxdtyt,lbs hjujhb at[,ehstkb dfhj8 sevwfat[,ehsbc lhjc yflbhj,fpt nhf,f[c eylt,jlf8 vjrktl7 cflfw tyf vbeod-lt,jlf lf cfmvbs ijhc b.j7 .dtkf cf[bc cgjhnib lf cfmvbc wjlyfib e,fl-kjl vj/mjylf sfdb8 lfhoveyt,ekbw b.j7 hjv .dtkfpt vtnb itt&kj7 fvb-njvfw .dtkfc ptdblfy e.eht,lf8 fhw ths cgjhnek it]b,hib fh vjyfobkt-j,lf7 uekbc reyzekib .jdtksdbc eqdbdjlf tzdb lf ibib7 dfb se vf]j,jylf xtvb fv[tkf itcf&kt,kj,t,b cftzdj uf[ltcj8 abpreknehbc ufrdtsbkptfy at[c7 fy sfdc fbnrdbt,lf7 crfvpt lf]lt,jlf lf se dbyvtc xfbult,lf [tk-ib7 vje.dt,jlf7 cgjhnbc .dtkf cf[tj,fib hjujhb &kbthb b.j8

ths[tk jhb ufrdtsbkb thslhjekfl ufewlfs lf uflfo.dbntc7 rf-kfs,ehsb tsfvfifs8 thsb ueylbc eahjcj,f uf,jv brbchf lf fhxtdfybsmdf7 fhflfyib f[vf[b ifkdf xfeluf8 uf,jv gbhdtkb utkf fbhxbf7 ifkdfv2 /fvktnb7 sfy lff.jkf7 xdty jhybw ut.jabsj8 ujujt,vfw vjbcehdtcsfvfib lf uf,jvfw gbhdtkb ytkb fbhxbf8 bct lfrjvgktmnlyty7 hjv ueyl-ib cfvb ,bzb lf cfvb ujuj b.j8 /fvktnb vfs ijhbc bctsb ufa[jhbkb lflb-jlf7 hjujhw mfsvt,ib bylfehb8

sfvfib lfbo.tc8 f[vf[vf ifkdfv gbhdtkb ,ehsb /fvktnc uflfeulj sfyofvjb&f[f5

2 jhb mekf erdt udfmdc7 f,f vjlbs lf offhsdbs= 2 ifkdfc cbn.df fhlftvsfdht,byf7 hjv ytkbv ,ehsb ufvjcnfwf lf vjobyffqvltubc afhbcrtyidtkbdbs ufbzhf8

bvtlufwhet,ekb ifkdf oby uflfeluf lf sfdbcb uh&tkb [tkt,b lffaf-hf8 ytkbc ufezbhlf7 dthfahbs dth ufec[knf8 vfkt f[vf[vf ,ehsbw offh-sdf lf vjobyffqvltubc afhbcrty sdbsjy ufbmwf9 .dtkfyb vjtlybc vtjhtyf[tdfhpt uflfdblyty7 v[jkjl ytkb lfhxf flubkpt uflfnfybkb ,h&jkbcitvltu cekbc vjcfsmvtkfl8

ifkdf vjobyffqvltubc afhc vbef[kjdlf7 oby utkf ftnepf lf lfvbpyt-,bc cfiefkt,f fh vbcwf8 afhc fwltybkb ,ehsb uf,jv lfbzbhf7 vjobyffqv-ltubc vjtlfypt vfhnjl lfhxtybk ytkbc uflfeulj lf vbf&f[f5

2 ity bwb7 ytkb7 gbhdtkb ,ehsbc xfult,bc ghbpb fhfdbc lfesvj=cfyfv lfyfhxtyt,b vjuhjdlt,jlyty7 ytkbv vtjht n.jhwybs ,ehsb

rfkfsib vjfsfdcf82 dfif= .jxfq7 ytkb= 2 jhbdt ueylbc odtht,vf lfb&f[tc ifkdfc lf /fv-

ktnbc ufhlf82 f[kf xdtyw udb.ehts= 2 lfb&f[f f[vf[vf ifkdfv lf ,ehsb /fvktnc

uflfeulj8 vfy rb ,ehsbc [tkib lfzthf &kbdc vjfcohj7 hjv ytkb ofvjt-gfhf lf ufvjcnfwf7 hfvltybvt yf[njvbs afhbc mdti itdblf lf ,ehsb rf-kfsib vtjhtl vjfsfdcf8

f[kf erdt .dtkf f[fh[fhlf82 xdtyw udfsfvfit7 ytkb7 tuht ufdwbdlt,bs= 2 cbwbkbs b&f[jlyty8cbwbkvf bvfnf8fv]thfl f[vf[vf ,ehsb c[df vjsfvfitc uflfeulj lf /fvktnbc lf[vf-

ht,bc ufhtit itenbtc vjobyffqvltutc82 ity bvfs vjtlfypt lfhxb7 lfwdfib fhfdbc njdt,ty7 2 uf,jv ytkbc

exehxekf8

15

ytkbv erfy lfbobf8/fvktnc uf,jv offhsdf ,ehsb lf vfibydt ytkbc uflfeulj82 tmdcbs yekb= 2 lfb&f[f sdbsvfhmdbf vcf]vf8ytkbv fyufhbib fsbs jhfvlt hjv ufpfhlf7 vfiby uff[ctylfs lfwdbc

fewbkt,kj,f8 fv gthbjlbcfsdbc /fvktnbc eybfsj,f erdt cf,jkjjl lfl-ubylf lf .dtkf wlbkj,lf7 vbcsdbc ,ehsb fqfh vbtojlt,byf7 hflufy itv-ltuib vjobyffqvltubc [tkib fqvjxylt,jlf8

2 ity lfwdfib uflflb lf ytkb xfrtnt= 2 lffdfkf ofhevfnt,kj,bscf[tfktobkvf f[vf[vf8

f[kf vjobyffqvltubc vjtlfypt ytkbc /fvktnb f[klf sfy8uf,jv ,ehsb [tkib xfbulj8 ytkb flubkc vjco.lf lf afhbcrty ufbmwf8

uf,jc uflfult,ekb ,ehsb ytkbc upfpt lf[dlf7 vfyfw7 cfyfv /fvktnb ofvjtot-jlf7 ,ehsb rfkfsib vjfsfdcf9 /fvktnc ,ehsbc sfvfiib it.dfyfqf lfhxf8

2 hf cgbkjcfdbs lff,jnt,7 ujuj dth eylf xfrtnj0= 2 f[vf[vf ite,qdbhf8/fvktnvf dthfathb egfce[f7 f[kf ,ehsc rb fhf7 ytkbc lfcltdlf82 ufutgfhf7 /fvktn7 ufutgfhf= 2 vf.eht,kfl lfhxtybkb vjcofdktt,b

lfwbydbs fahs[bkt,lyty8ytkbv rbltd jh]th vjfsfdcf ,ehsb rfkfsib9 f[vf[b wjac .hblf82 hf zbhb utwf7 ,ekrt,c pju]th mthbc gehbw lff.jkt7 ve[kt,ib &fkf

vjubdf7 tuht xhlbkib ufphlbkb xbsbkbdbs fhfathib fh dfhub[fh9 yt-kbc se rbltd xffult,byt,7 ufufult,= cfvfhw[dbyjl dfut,s= 2 uffahs[bkfefvbcjlfw sfdupff,ytekb /fvktnb8

f[kf bub ytkbc [tkt,ufikbkb lfcltdlf82 /fvktn7 lfzthj,fyfc sfvfij,0 2 vf.eht,kt,vf lfe&f[tc82 ,fnt,j7 ,fnt,j=2 hf fhbc7 hf0 2 egfce[tc82 ytkb vjlbc7 vutkb vjlbc7 /fvktnfc ,ehsb eylf xfeuljc82 itfults tu ,fnb cf,fntib7 sjhtv ytkbv ufgenf=rfkfs,ehsbc sfvfib cfcfwbkj ofhvjlutyfl bmwf8/fvktnvf dth vjbabmhf7 hjv ytkbcsdbc sfdb lftyt,t,byf7 [tkt,ufi-

kbkb lfcltdlf8 ytkb rb ,ehsbfyfl bct ec[knt,jlf7 cfyfv ujypt vjdblj-lf lf uftrblt,jlf7 ,ehsb rfkfsib b.j8

2 /fvktn7 gtgkt,bc cfzthb fh ubylf0 2 lfe&f[tc82 vfufc wehdf eahj t[th[t,f7 hjwf c&byfdc=2 [fh[fhvf bvfnf8dthfathb hjv dth uffo.j7 ytkbc firfhfl bzthlf82 ytkb7 fh uff,hfpj7 sjht sfdbc vfvfcsfy lfufcvtyc lf ,ehsfj,fc

fubrh&fkfdc= 2 cbwbkbs uffahs[bktc82 ut.jaf7 ytkb7 2 xevfl es[hf uf,jv8 2 f[kf erfy lfhxb7 wjnf itbcdt-

yt7 /fvktnfcfw fqfh fe.dbhlt,bfy8ytkbv sfdbcb ueylbc afhsfy uflfbyfwdkf8 /fvktnvf fhw fm uffyt,f

sfdb7 [tkt,ufikbkb udthlib fvjeluf82 vt hfc vlfhf]j,7 dthf [tlfd7 ,ehsb cfl fhbc0= 2 qbvbkbs ecf.dtle-

hf ytkbv82 vt ityb xfrtndf vfmdc lfdfkt,ekb82 vfvfitybc cf[kcfw se tuht rtnfd7 rfhufl umjybfs cfmvt7 2 ytkbv

uflfb[fh[fhf8

16

nfbvb lfvsfdhlf8/fvktnvf idt,bs fvjbmibyf8 vtjht nfbvib f[vf[vf ueylblfy uff&tdf7

sevwf fqfhw sdbsjy /mjylf cehdbkb9 thsflthsb itwljvf &fkbfy cfcf-wbkjl ithxf vbc .j.kjxbyj,fc8 hf c]j,lf7 vf.eht,tksf ijhbc v]lf-hb.j lf c[df vjsfvfitt,bc cfmwbtkb sdbsjy ittafct,byf7 cfzbhjt,bc itv-s[dtdfib ufvjxtybkb rfkfs,ehstkt,bc cf[tkt,bw vjtidtkt,byf8 vjhxf7/fvktnc vcufdcb itwljvf fqfh vjedf7 vfuhfv hfqf lhjc7 hjwf ybqf,bft[flf8 sfyfrkfctkt,vf rb bwjlyty7 hf vjemytkb b.j7 vfuhfv se fv ljyt-pt sj[kj b.j7 dth ofhvjtlubyfs8

/fvktnc uf,j flhtw fh t[fnf uekpt8 f[vf[vf hjv es[hf7 cek vfubc,hfkbf7 ytkb hjv lfnjdf xdtyc vjtlfyptj7 wtw[kpt lfc[vekb yfdsbdbsfgbkgbklf7 vfufc dfxdtyt, ctbhcj7 lfbvemhf9 bvfptw b,jqvt,jlf7 hjv uf-,jc yfvldbk [esjcfyc t&f[jlyty7 /fvktnc rb vfvbrjcfc8

ths[tk7 itcdtyt,bc lhjc7 ,bzt,ib xfvlufhb /fvktnb dtifgt,pt .dt,j-lf7 sfyfw hjvtkbqfw vjupfehbc sfduflfcfdfkc bvjovt,lf8 2 .jabkf itv-s[dtdf7 hjv yfvldbk dtifgc utvb vstkb sfdbcb trbgf;bs uflfe.kfgbf8flhbyltk [bc utvt,c vbcb rezb ths cffsib mfifl fmwtdlf [jkvt8 bvbnjvb.j7 hjv utvt,b cek yfgbh-yfgbh lfwehfdlyty8

2 rjkev,bc rfhfdtkfw [jv [bcf b.j7 yese bv[tkf upfpt thsb dtifgbfh it[dlf rezib mfifl hjv mwtekb.j0 2 itybiyf utkfv8

2 rfhfdtkfpt ,hby]fjc pfh,fpyt,b bluf lf mfic utvjc ufeaezt,lf9vfiby ufyf bctsb endbyj dtifgt,b b.dyty7 f[kf hjv fhbfy7 2 ufyvfhnf uf-,jv8

2 ity bmyt,f fhw bc u]thf7 dtifgc utvbc uflf.kfgdf hjv ite&kbf0 2utkfv dbsjv ufbrdbhf8

2 f[kfyltk yfvldbk dtifgc gkfyunjyt,bc ufhlf fhfahbc uflf.kfgdffh ite&kbf7 cf.kfgfdsfy cgtwbfkehb ekdfit,b v[jkjl gkfyunjyt,c fnf-ht,c8 cek c[df fhbc rfifkjnb7 bc hdfat[fpt yflbhj,c8

2 ity bmyt, fhw bc u]thf7 hjv stdpvf-[th[vf fvthbrekb o.fkmdtifyfdb vjhbdbs uflf[th[f7 2 ie,kitrdhbs smdf /fvktnvf8 2 vt ofdbrbs[t3djrheu cdtnfib48 bwb7 hjv fhct,j,c fctsb ;ehyfkb0 xdty cf[kib .jdtk-sdbc vjudlbc8

2 ity cf[kib hf vjulbc7 cekfw fh vfbynthtct,c7 bc udbs[fh7 hjvtkyjvthib ofbrbs[t0 2 fh vjtidf uf,j8

2 cojhtl obyf sdbc yjvthib b.j82 crjkbc ,b,kbjstrfib fhbc tu yjvthb7 udfxdtyt7 cfl fvjbrbs[t7 2

uf,jv .dtkf ,b,kbjstrfib vbbgfnb;f82 vfufc crjkfc dby vbcwtvlf7 vfvfxtvvf cgtwbfkehfl vjcrjdblfy ufvj-

bothf82 vfvfityvf se ufvjbothf7 crjkbc ,b,kbjstrf hfnjv dth it&kt,lf

fvfc0= 2 uferdbhlf utkfc82 bvbnjv7 hjv vfvfxtvb lblb rfwbf lf .dtkfathb ite&kbf82 vfvfityc .dtkfathb ite&kbf7 ,b,kbjstrfc rb 2 ;ehyfkt,bc ufvjothf82 cflfdj hff7 futh fm fhbc ,b,kbstrf lf dyf[js7 2 uf,jv ,b,kbjst-

rbcfrty ufbobf82 hf dbwb7 cojhfl fh vf[cjdc7 hjvtk yjvthib b.j7 bct rb yfvldbkfl

17

ofdbrbs[t7 2 ;ehyfkbc cbf[kjdbs lfvahs[fkvf /fvktnvf erfy lfb[bf82 bmyt, fhw utvt,c .kfgfdc bc ityb dtifgb0 2 itrbs[df itfgfhf utkfv82 vt lbl utvt,pt rb fhf dsmdb888 fb7 fctsb7 gfnfhf7 2 /fvktnvf jhbdt

[tkbc e[th[ekb vj&hfj,bs cwflf gfnfhf utvpt ofhvjlutyf ittmvyf82 vfbyw hfv[tkff gfnfhf utvb7 fcb rfwb hjv b]lt,f ibu0 2 lfyfhxtyt,b

fh vjtidyty82 /j7 itb&kt,f fcfvlt rfwb .jabkb.j7 2 /fvktnb lftsfy[vf82 fcb hjujh bmyt,jlf7 2 ufbrdbhtc lfyfhxtyt,vf7 2 vfiby lblb .jabkf82 fcb7 fhf7 jhvjwlffsfvlt7 2 /fvktnvf trbgf;b uffyf[tdhf82 jhvjwlffsbw ,tdhbf7 2 f[kf c[df xfthbf82 itb&kt,f jwfvlt .jabkb.j7 2 rbltd lferkj [fhbc[b sfdbc vjyfs[-

hj,c82 fhw jwb bmyt,jlf82 [jv fhbc yfdb fsb rfwb hjv vfhsfdc7 itb&kt,f bctsb yfdb .jabkb.j7

2 /fvktnb utvblfy yfdpt uflf]lf82 hfnjv fhf7 thsrfwbfyb yfdbw [jv fhbc7 bc bmyt,jlf yfvldbkfl7 2

itecojhtc82 itb&kt,f7 hjujh fh itb&kt,f7 2 lftsfy[vfs82 bcbw [jv itb&kt,f7 yfdib rfwb fh v]lfhb.j7 dtifgb lfnfrt,jlf7 lftv-

c[dhbf lf bv ityc wyj,bk vjupfehc /ujyt,jlf7 dtifgvf rfwb uflf.kfgfj82 itb&kt,f7 hjujh fh itb&kt,f7 2 lftsfy[vfs82 dtifgb rb fv lhjc gkfyunjyt,c .kfgfdlf flfvbfyt,bc yfwdkfl7 fhf02 fk,fs7 tuht b.j82 &fkbfy lf,ytekb .jabkf bc ityb vjupfehb82 utvb yfdfl bmwf7 fcb rfwblfy thsbw fqfh lfhxf7 dtifgvf yfdb lffvc[-

dhbf lf gkfyunjyb uflf.kfgf7 hf fhbc tc0 2 brbs[f uf,jv82 /fvktnbc vbth xfkfylt,ekb n.ebkb7 2 rjktmnbehb gfce[b vbbqj82 ity hf eylf ufbuj7 v,tzlfdbc idbkb [fh7 vfvfxtvc vfuyfbht,b hfvlt-

ybw ubylf7 bvltyb /.fdc7 2 /fvktnvf vfvbc sfyfvlt,j,f vjbidtkbf82 vfvfityc hfvltyb v,tzlfdbw fh eylf /.fdltc7 hfc eidtkbc bv ,fh-

n.t,c7 ity hjv u.fdc lf o.dbk-o.dbkfl fahty7 2 egfce[f uf,jv82 lfltm7 sjhtv vfvfxtvb ltlfityc cflfw flubkbf bm vbf,h&fyt,c7 dbqf-

wtt,c ktdfl hjv e,tzlfdc bvfpt7 2 /fvktnvf vemfhf vjbidtkbf82 vfvfityb vfhnj ityb lfvf[by]t,bcsdbc fhbc vbcf,h&fyt,tkb cflfw

flubkbf9 evfvfityjl rfhub ,bzb bmyt,jlb7 2 ltlbc fct elbthfl [ctyt,bcufvj ufvofhlf8

2 dbcpt smdb tu cbn.dt,b7 bwb7 hjv ghjrehjhc vbf.tyt itehfw[.jaf0= 2ufobovfnlf /fvktnb8

2 ghjrehjhc rb fhf7 ityc vnthc7 2 uf,jv itecojhf82 dby fhbc7 ,bzj7 xtvb vnthb0=2 vfvfityb8 evfubcjl ityufy itb&kt,f flfvbfyb ufvjcekb.j82 fhw ltlf frkt,c7 2 cbn.df off[vfhf utkfv82 ltlfc ubnbht,7 cfyfv vfvfxtvb vjubdkbc7 xfyt,c vbufvndhtd= 2 veint,-

itvfhsekb /fvktnb uf,jc twf8 fv vtsjlbs hfvlybvt ,bzb ufkf[f7 hflufyvbcb vfvbc ibibs [tkb fh ite,heytc8 cojhtl fvbc bvtlb /mjylf8 bwjlf7hjv x[e,ib lfvyfifdt fewbkt,kfl c[df bmyt,jlf8

18

2 xfyt,bc vbvndhtdf hf cfzbhjf7 xdty vidblj,bfyfl drfvfshj,s7 2 uf-,j x[e,c vjthblf8

/fvktnvf tc itibyt,fl xfsdfkf lf uf,jc cf[tib vstkb &fkbs itvj/r-hf8 sfdbc lfwdf fhw ewlbf7 hflufy bvtlb /mjylf7 hjv [tkbc it,heyt,fcdthfdby ufe,tlfdlf8 vofhtl itwlf7 uf,jv bct v&kfdhfl lff]f[f veinb7yf[th[bs cfdct njvfhfcfdbs uffujhf8 cohfafl ofvj[nf lf ifhdkbc ath-s[df lfbo.j8 cfjwhfl lfb,yf7 tc hf vj[lf7 ghjrehjh .fhfvfybc ,bzc tchjujh ufe,tltc= uf,jv thsb fh frvfhf7 vtjht lfhn.vbs bctd gbhdfyltkvlujvfhtj,fib lff,heyf8 &kbdc fluf7 rbltd lfvfhn.fvc7 2 ufbabmhf8 uf,jvfhskf ufemfylf7 ,bzt,vf lfzthf cwfltc7 vfuhfv uftidfs8

2 ufvbidbs7 vfufc cek ufvjde,thn.fd7 hfw sfdib .j.kjxbyj,f fmdc9bmyt, fvfy eidtkjc= 2 bc b.j eylf cwtvjlf7 hjv /fvktnvf pehub fxdtyf lfvstkb itcf&kt,kj,bs ufbmwf8

2 dfb7 ltlfff= 2 f.dbhlf lf vukbcufy lfvahs[fkb w[dfhbdbs cfvfcofd-kt,kjib itdfhlf8 2 vbidtkts7 vfcofdkt,kt,j7 vrkfdc7 vbidtkts= 2 bc-nthbrfib xfdfhlf8

uf,jv rb cfvfcofdkt,kjc ,tqehflfrfhuekb vbvbyjcfdbs xfemhjkflf rkfcib itdblf8

/fvktnvf uekb jh]th ufbgfhf8crjkfib ufyufib fn.lf8 lbhtmnjhb rjnt sekfidbkb lf,ytekb lfh-

,jlf82 cfcohfaj lf[vfht,fc ufvjde&f[js7 2 thsvf vfcofdkt,tkvf obyflf-

lt,f ofvjf.tyf82 cfcohfaj hfl eylf7 ibibc vsmyfht,f fmdc7 eahj cojhtl uflfvtnt-

,ekb yt,bdhj,bs vjclbc7 2 lby]fl egfce[f abpreknehbc vfcofdkt,tkvfpfmhjv7 hjvtkbw fv ufofvfobbc lhjc flubkblfy fh lf&hekf7 vfublfc-sfy bluf lf hjvtkbqfw cgjhnek ;ehyfkc rbs[ekj,lf8 [ibhfl bn.jlf-[jkvt5 fh dbwb smdtysfy hjujh7 [esjcfybf7 xtvsfy sbsbc ufnjrt,f fheylfj8 ,jkjc lbhtmnjhbc lf c[df vfcofdkt,kt,bc ufesfdt,tkb s[jd-ybs b&ekt,ekb [lt,jlf7 [esbfyb lftothf8 hfc bpfvlf7 bcbw [jv flfvbfybb.j7 fk,fs vfcfw tmyt,jlf hfbvt cfs[jdfhb8 sevwf vfbyw lffcrdyblf-[jkvt5tu ,bzb &fhqdc dth ufbrtst,c7 vzflbc gehbdbs leyt lfhxt,fj8 2 hf ptluflf.tdbs7 vfu fcfrib f[fkufphlt,b cek &b&ubkfj,ty7 cfvfcofdkt,kjibhjvtkb vjdfhlf8 ofdbltc7 ofbdfh]bijc lf f[kf tu vjeut,c9 x[e,ib vfh-]dtyf bvfh]dt,c lf fhf vfvbc sfyfvlt,j,f7 2 lffcrdyf8

2 ufxevlb7 vfubc vfvfv hjv ufbujc7 [jv bwb7 hf vj[lt,f= 2 ufeo.hfrjnt8

2 bc vj[lt,f7 hjv ofb.dfyc sfdbc xfcdtkt,ek idbkc lf cfwdkt,c uf-vjewdkbc7 2 fe[cyf pfmhjv8

2 ityb tc cfe,fhb hjv ufbujc7 .fhfvfy dfcbkbxb welb sdfkbs itvju-[tlfdc lf dby bwbc7 hbs lfvsfdhltc7 2 uffahs[bktc8

2 ye utibybfs7 ufeut,fhb fh lfhxt,f7 fm cfrvfjl fhbfy .fhfvfysfylfvcf[eht,bc vcehdtkt,b8 fhw uekb ufvbcrlt,f7 se ufbuj8 welb hf dsmdb7sfdbc idbkc lfsdeh cfvcf[ehc hjv eotdc0 .fhfvfyf cek udthlbs fht.jkt,f7 wjnf sfdbcb vrkfdbc bvtlbw eylf /mjyltc8

2 bwbs7 fv[fyfut,j7 /fvktnbcsdbc dbc ewtvybf0 2 cfvfcofdkt,kjib tyf-

19

zfhnfkf cfvytj yfobkbc ufvut itdblf82 dby b.j7 bc [ekbufyb0= 2 hfvltybvtv thslhjekfl ofvjb&f[f82 crjkblfy ufdhbw[fd= 2 lbhtmnjhb f.dbhlf82 uf,j wbcrfhbidbkc vbe,tudbf7 jqjyl gbhdtkb fvfc ufehn.fvc82 bc ,bzb evbptpjl fh uffhn.fvlf7 itehfw[.jafc rb fhfdbc fh fgfnb-

t,c7 seubyl bc ghjrehjh .fhfvfyfc ,bzb b.jc7 2 pfmhjv xfbkfgfhfrf8uf,jc cf[tkbc ufujyt,f lbhtmnjhc fh tcbfvjdyf7 .fhfvfybc ,bzsfy

[jv .dtkf lfvyfifdtl ufvjw[fllt,jlf9 fhflf7 uf,j cfvfufkbsj vjcofd-kt b.j8

2 vjvb.dfyts7 vfufc dexdtyt, ctbhc= 2 yf&fkfltdb ,hfpbs smdf lf rf,b-ytnib itdblf8

vfkt sfdxfqeyekb uf,j lbhtmnjhbc oby bluf82 hfnjv cwtvt /fvktnc0= 2 bct e.dbhf7 hjv cfvfcofdkt,kjib uftujs

vbcb [vf8 2 [jv fhf abmhj,7 ufgfnbj7 hflufy rfhub vjcofdkt [fh8 bctufuhbw[fd7 dtqfhwthsb crjkf dth vbubqt,c=

uf,j ,jlbibc vj[lfc fgbht,lf7 vfuhfv lbhtmnjhbc fvudfhvf fuhtcbe-kj,fv cek c[df fsmvtdbyf5 2 fhw ufhbw[dbcf lf fhw vemfhbcf fh vtibybf7.fhfvfybc rb fhf nbukfnafkfcfhbc idbkbw hjv b.jc7 c[dbc lfxfudhfc fhdfgfnbt,8 xdty .dtkf thsyb dfhs7 ghjrehjhbc idbkbf se v,tzlfdbc9 sfd-pt [tkbc uflfcvfv vfu nbgc flfvbfyj,f vjecgj8

lbhtmnjhbc rf,bytnblfy cfvfcofdkt,kjib xdtekt,hbdb cfe,fhbw rbcbvjlf7 vbs evtntc rfht,b it[cybkb lfhxtybkb.j8

2 ity hft,c ,jlfd7 se bwb0= 2 lbhtmnjhb f.dbhlf82 ]th bc brbs[ts7 gbhdtkvf hfnjv ufvfhn.f= 2 ittlfdf uf,j82 [ekbuyj,0 [dfkblfydt ufuhbw[fd crjkblfy=2 lqtc dby ublufs oby7 hjv lffudbfyjs7 .fhfvfyc fh to.byjc= 2 uf,j

lfsvj,fc fh fgbht,lf82 oflb= vij,tkb vjb.df7 ufhbw[ekb [fh= 2 lbhtmnjhb bctd f.dbhlf82 se ufhbw[ekb dfh7 vij,tkb hfqf cfzbhjf7 2 smdf lf lbhtmnjhbc

rf,bytnblfy ufdblf8lfvidblt,ekb lf uf,jc ufhbw[dbs yfcbfvjdyt,b /fvktnb crfvpt b]lf

lf hfvltybvt vfcofdkt,kbs ufhitvjhn.vek uf,jc lfvwbyfdb qbvbkbsvbfwbkt,lf8

uf,j vfc hjv ufecojhlf7 itxthlf82 cek fm fh b]lt,b7 ufhts ufvj[dfk7 .fhfvfyf rb fhf7 ,f.,f.ltdb dth

ubidtkbc7 bct vbufvndhtd xfyt,c= 2 es[hf lf cfvfcofdkt,kjlfy ufdblf82 yese tc uf,j b.j7 hfv uflfhbf tc ,bzb0= 2 vfcofdkt,kt,c uferdbhlfs82 tuhtf7 ufyerbs[fdb vjg.hj,f w[dfhcfw uffub;t,c8 uf,j rb w[dfhb

fhfclhjc .jabkf7 otcbthb lf lfv]thb vjcofdktf9 hfnjv eylf lfbxfu-hjc= ufdfhrdbjs7 hf lffifdf lf bvbc vb[tldbs vjds[jdjs jhbdtc8 uf,jhjv ufhbw[js7 dbcqf njdt,s7 /fvktnfc0 hf udtidtkt,f7 xdty eylf udfy-ljy vjvfdfkb0= 2 pfmhjv ;ehyfkb vfublfpt lffulj lf ufhts ufdblf8

lbhtmnjhb rf,bytnib b]lf lf abmhj,lf5 3hfv uflfhbf tc ,bzb7 ]th fhvf[cjdc vbcufy otchbubc lfhqdtdf7 hf ,pbrvf er,byf0=4 uf,j rb vjhxbkbvfiby b.j7 hjwf cfvfhskbfyfl tmwtjlyty7 hfvltyfl sfdfpbfyb b.j7 c[dbc-ufyfw sfdbc vbvfhs fvfc vjbs[jdlf8

20

rkfcib sfdxfqeyekb itdblf7 vth[sfy xfvj]lf lf xfysfib obuyt,bcxfkfut,f lfbo.j8

2 hf ubs[hf lbhtmnjhvf0 2 utkfv wyj,bcvj.dfhtj,f dth vjsjrf82 ufhbw[ekb [fhj7 2 uf,jv gfce[b ,futc &kbdc fvjfwbkf8ths[fyc .dtkf levlf82 hfnjvfj0 2 cbxevt bctd utkfv lffhqdbf8uf,jc [vf fh fvjeqbf82 bc yt,bthf cflqf .fds0 2 thsvf vjcofdktv brbs[f82 cfvfcofdkt,kjib pbc lf vfcofdkt,kt,b vfhfjsb eybfdt,ty7 2 ytkbv

egfce[f82 ufuhbw[jc hf kbkf[yj,ff8 thsb xdtywf udrbs[jy7 dbcb ,hfkb b.j7 2

f[vf[vf ifkdfv [vf fbvfqkf82 fk,fs itcfibyt,kfl es[htc7 2 vjcofdktt,b f[vfeht,ty82 .fhfvfybcf buht tibybf xdtyc lbhtmnjhc7 itb&kt,f rbltdfw ufhbw[jc7

2 lffcrdyf utkfv8uf,jv xfysf fbqj lf fluf82 hfc fgbht,0 2 /rbs[f ytkbv82 cf[kib ofdfk lf fv crjkfib fqfh lfd,heylt,b7 2 uf,j rfhbcrty

uftvfhsf82 jhb ufrdtsbkbqf lfhxf7 xdtyw ofdblts7 2 utkfv obyflflt,f ofvjf.tyf82 cojhbf7 3ifnfkj4 lfdehn.fs82 xfb,fhjy /fvktnf lf wfhbtkb rkfcb7 2 f[vfehlyty82 xevfl eylf ufdbgfhjs7 se ufudbutc7 xfyfabmhc xfudbikbfy7 2 ytkbv

fv[fyfut,b uffahs[bkf888lbhtmnjhb bctd sfdbc fhtek abmht,ib b.j uf,kfylekb7 cfvytj yfob-

kbc ufvut itdblf vfcsfy lf sbsmvbc xehxekbs vjf[ctyf5 2 .fhfvfy dfcb-kbxb vjdblf8

2 cfl fhbc0 2 rjnt crfvblfy ofvjahbylf82 vfymfyf mexfib uffxthf7 sdbsjy ]th crjkbc tpjc fsdfkbtht,c8lbhtmnjhb .fhfvfyc hfvltybvt vfcofdkt,kbc sfy[kt,bs gbhdtkb cfh-

sekbc rb,tt,sfy ittut,f7 3tn.j,f erdt uffut,bytc47 2 ufbabmhf 2 3vj[f-kbctt,b cfrvfhbcfl fhbfy48

2 hjujh vj[lf7 hjv ufudb[ctyts7 .fhfvfy dfcbkbx0 2 vjrh&fkt,ekb7gbhvjsyt qbvbkbs /rbs[f8

2 fhbc vjvtynb7 hjwf pjubthsb j,btmnbc uf[ctyt,f cfzbhj [lt,f= 2.fhfvfyvf ie,kpt yfjzt,b lfrtwf8

2 /j7 hfqfw bywbltynb vj[lf7 fk,fs ufbut,lbs7 2 rjntv lfvyfifdt,fdidbdbs sbst,bc uht[f lfbo.j8

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21

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22

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23

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24

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25

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26

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27

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28

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29

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30

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31

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nptf ufcekb7 2 vbbqj gfce[b8ufy&dbydfht,ekb .fhfvfyb crfvblfy ofvjahbylf7 se fct itb&kt,f toj-

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2 vfymfyf= cfxmfhjl vfymfyf= vt vfufc dexdtyt, ctbhc= 2 rfhb vfuhflvbf]f[eyf lf bctd rf,bytnib it,heylf8

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2 ufvfh]j,f7 .fhfvfy dfcbkbx7 [f7 [f7 [fff= 2 f[fh[fhlf lf gbhb .eht-,fvlt uft[cyf8 2 hf vfufhb qdbyj b.j fhf0 [jv vjdnt[ts bv ityc rjktut,crbcht,b= 2 bctd f[fh[fhlf8

2 ytnfd hfc [db[dbyt,= 2 itek[byf .fhfvfyvf82 uf,hfpt,ekb [fh0 2 kfdfif vfublfcsfy xfvj]lf82 buht ufvf,hfpf bv wbcrfhbidbkt,bc xfskf[vf v,tzlfdvf7 &fhqdt,b

vb[nbc9 fm hjv v.fdltc7 sfdc obobkfcfdbs ufdfukt]fvlb=2 wbcrfhbidbkt,bc xfskf[b v,tzlfdb dbyqff02 bbb[= ityw thsb= /fvktnbc hjv tx[e,f bv ,bzbc ltlf7 2 .fhfvfyb ervf-

.jabkjl lfbqvfyzf8

32

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2 f[kf xfdfk lf lbhtmnjhc dtn.db7 lqtcdt uffuljc bmblfy8 se fhflf7lbhtmnjhcfw vbdf.jkt,9 ]th vfymfyf vjdbltc= 2 lfbvemhf .fhfvfyb8

2 ity hfpt eylf itoe[lt7 vt xfdbdkb lf dtn.db7 uffult7 sjhtv ityufyhmt,b lf xkbmt,bqf lfhxt,f-vtsmb7 2 itgbhlf kfdfif8

2 bc uffult,c7 c[df vbbqt,c82 .fhfvfy ,tyfidbkbc ibibs f[kjc dby ufbrfht,c8 lqtcdt lfdfult,

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2 vfufhb [fh7 kfdfi= ityyfbhb vtuj,ht,b ye lfvbkbjc7 ahbljy7 2 .f-hfvfyvf itwljvf vfkt ufvjfcojhf lf [tkb v[fhpt lffhn.f8 2 hjujhfhbc cfmvt gehghjlemnt,bc ,fpfhib0 2 vpheydtkfl /rbs[f8

2 ityb ibibs [vfc dby ufvwtvc7 bmbs fhfdbc lfdeahs[j fyutkjpt,b9 kf-dfifc uf[ctyt,fpt ve[kt,ib frfyrfkt,s8 fvfc obyfs rjkvtehytj,bc sfdv]-ljvfht hjf yjt ]fyuekfidbksfy vbdtlb lf gbhlfgbh des[fhb5 ity hjvitvodfh-vj[hfrekt,pt ,fbhfvj,7 .fhfvfy dfcbkbxc w[jdht,f fh eylf0 hjvuflfzfvt vstkb rjkvtehytj,f7 [jv fh ubylf7 mfsvbc rezbdbs uflvjuf,he-yjc-vtsmb8 ub.dfhltc twdfkf athb7 lfafwehlf7 hjujh vjdbmwtj8

2 /jjj= 2 .fhfvfyb lfbynthtclf82 hjwf lf cflfw bcehdt,c7 ujzc lf w[dfhc bm ufdeupfdybj8 vfufc se

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[lt,f7 fvbc itvltu obkc fh lfubrfhufdc9 fk,fs fv lqtt,ib vjufrbs[fdc82 .jxfq7 jmhj [fh7 ahbljy7 jmhj= 2 rbltd lf/rhf v[fhpt [tkb8kfdfifv cbfvjdyt,bcfufy .eht,fvlt uf[cybkb .,bs ufbqbvf8ntktajybc pfhb forhbfklf8 .fhfvfyvf .ehvbkb fbqj7 vbrhjajypt [t-

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kt,c mdt.fyfc0=2 vlbdfy-vtvfymfytf7 hjwf ufcekb dfh7 vbcfqt,ib bhtrt,f82 vtht0 hflufy vlbdfy-vtvfymfytf phlbkj,f fh eylf02 8882 ,bzj7 jhufybpfwbfib hjwf vfuyfbhb vj[ekbuyj ltlfrfwt,b ut.jkt-

,f7 vfvfrfwt,c hfqf vjtrbs[t,fs0=2 hf vj[lf7 .fhfvfy dfcbkbx02 bc vj[lf7 hjv ntktajyblfy eidthfl ufvjvkfy&qf7 sfy .ehvbkb

lfvbrblf8 tuht .jdtk lfhtrdfpt dbqfwf vfs[jdht,vf hjv udfubyjy8 hj-ujh bwb7 ]fyvhstkj,f udt.jaf0 c[df yfrkt,b cfythdbekj udfmdc se hf=

2 gbhdtkfl vtcvbc7 cfo.fkb eo.byfhb7 mdhbdb mfkbf7 ths ,fdidc phlbc9

33

hjv bwyj,lts7 .fhfvfy dfcbkbx7 vfufc fh bn.jlbs82 ,fdidc rb fhf7 [ekbufyc phlbc7 vstkb crjkf sfdpt fmdc ofvjwvekb7

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2 8882 tc ]th lfcfo.bcbf7 vfufsb [ctyt,f eylf ufmhtc=2 ufcfrdbhbf7 fctsb otcbthb lf eo.byfhb mfkb8 veifj,fib vflkj,bc

vtnc fhfathc bvcf[eht,c82 hjujh7 vt hjv ufvkfy&qf7 vflkj,bc qbhcbf0=2 ofhvjelutytkbf fvbcufy dbyvtc ufkfy&qdf82 vfi vt ufn.et,0 rf,bytnib s[esvtnb rfwb vt]lf7 .dtkfv vjbcvbyf8

fvfs vbs[htc7 sjht vt fhw dbwjlb7 dby b.j8 itysfy rb bvbnjv lfdhtrt7itvjovt,fc dfupfdyb lf itb&kt,f fhw rb ufvjvtupfdyf9 bct wjnf [fk[bv.fdc lfcfzthb0

2 hf itvjovt,ff02 xdty uflfdo.dbnts7 veifj,f itubvjovjs7 hfqfw fhfcf[fh,btkj cbu-

yfkt,b vjlbc82 vj,h&fylbs8 se cbuyfkb vjlbc7 cbuyfkbc vbvwtvb bvfcfw utn.jlfs7

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2 vj[vfht,fpt hf vjuf[ctyj7 ity hjv itvjovt,fc ittobht,b7 vfubc uf-hfynbfc uf&ktd8

2 yt,f smdtybf7 se cfzbhjf ufyw[flt,fc f[kfdt lfdoth82 vtht c[df /fyupt lferhfv82 vj,h&fylb8 fvfpt vbhtrfdlb02 bvfpt ubhtrfdlb7 hjv tu mfkb uffult7 sjhtv vtht udbfy bmyt,f=2 ufyf tc cfzbhjf0 cfo.fk mfkc hf vjdevbptpj82 rfhufl b.fdb7 hjujhw vjbmwtdb7 xdtyb ehsbthsj,fw bctsb bmyt,f= 2

.fhfvfyvf .ehvbkb lflj82 rbltd eahj vfuhfl eylf utsmdf8 e.eht vfu ij,tk&fqkc7 hjujh

ofbuh&tkf tyf= 2 kfdfif uf,hfplf82 ]th bc ltlfrfwb vj[cyfc7 bcts [hbrc vjdlt,7 hjv lqtdfyltkb .,t-

lj,f ]j]j[tsbc fqkevfl tmwtc888 .fhfvfyb vjrdltc7 se dbyvtc o.tyf lfb-dbo.jc=

2 xfdedkb lf dtn.db7 fqdbhc lfezbhjc sjhtv888 .dtkfathc vbdf[dtl-ht,8 ths[tk rbltd bv yf,bzdfhc vjdbult, [tkib lf vfuhfl ufdfcbkfmt,= 2lfbvemhf kfdfif7 sfy lff.jkf5 2 ,bzb hjujh fhbc0

2 ,bzb df;rfwehfl fhbc8 crjkfib rb fv,frj cbvjybxvf htdbpbf xfcdf888bv lbhtmnjhc rbyobcrdhbs ufvjfult,ty8

2 /fb ltlfcf= hf &fkf ufmdc7 .fhfvfy dfcbkbx8 thsb sbsbc ufnjrt,f lfufsfdt,ekbf cfmvt9 bvbnjvfw ufafct,c .dtkf7 2 kfdfifv itfmj8

2 hf dmyfs7 ahbljy7 se [fk[c sfdb fh uffwfyb7 [jv bwb7 bct ptl fhfdbyitvju[tlfdc8

2 /j7 tuhtf7 bvfcfw tuht lftvfhsf82 hjvtk bvfc0

34

2 fdfhbf hjv vjf[lbyf lf rfwb itvjfrdlf82 hfc fv,j,c02 jhvjwlffspt sfyf[vf dfh se fh lfvbzthcj82 lhjpt ufvjeidfc82 .dtkfathb hbupt bmyt,f82 vfiby xfsdfkjc7 hjv elfyfifekjf82 bv ,bzbc vij,kt,bw b.dyty xtvsfy82 hjvtkb ,bzbc02 rke,ib jhb rfwb lfybs v&bvtl hjv lfzhf8 vfufc flhtw fmdc xfltyb-

kb vcufdcb [ekbuyj,f7 vfiby thsb lfzhf7 f[kf wjnfsb uffev]j,tcf82 wjnfsbf hjv uffjhvfuf02 se uf[cjdc7 vfiby ity eidtkt8 bvbcvf vfvfv vbs[hf5 jqjyl fh lfbzb-

hjc lf hfw eylf vs[jdjc7 cf[k-rfhc ufd.blb lf vbdwtvj8 fb lfpfhfkt,e-kt,b rb dthfahbs lffo.yfhf8

2 bvfs vjrtnjy7 sjhtv vfu ,bzbc vfubth jhbdtc xfdf.elt,= cfmvbc it,-heyt,fc hf eylf8 vtmjsyt vt dfh lf .ehc cfblfyfw itdf,fv xtvb cfmvtf8 bv,bzbc vfvfc idbkc lfdexfuhfd0 uflftwb7 vidblfl b.jc8

2 vf.esc xtvufy vbbqt,8 bv ,bzbc vfvf mexfib vtkjlt,f7 ufdf[fht,7 sj-htv lflyf rfwb8 vjrktl7 ufzbhdt,ekb rfwbc bvtlb [fh7 ityb fvfub fv [fk-[vf hjujh eylf lfbdbo.jc8

2 t[7 ahbljy7 xtvb vjojlt,f [fk[bc cfvcf[ehbf7 dbyw ufvbut,c hf rfh-ub7 dbyw fhflf7 hf dmyf7 rbcthbw ent[bf8

2 sdbsjy se fh vjbnt[c7 xdty fm hbcsdbc dfhs7 buht vjdeuht[fds7hjv sfdbc cbwjw[ktib vjuht[bkb lfhxtc7 2 kfdfif fluf7 2 cfqfvjptkjmj udtmyt,f mby&vfhib9 eityjl hf vflkb tmyt,f xdtyc ufhsj,fc8

2 vfufhb [fh7 kfdfi7 vfufhb= 2 .fhfvfyvf v[fhpt lffhn.f [tkb8

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uf,jcfw e[fhjlf7 hjv crjkbc itcf[t, fhfathc trbs[t,jlf7 vfuhfvfirfhfl uh&yj,lf7 hfqfw fhfcfcbfvjdyj hjv it[dlf ltlfc888 ufut,f ey-ljlf7 vfuhfv hjujh0

ltlfv ,fqxfib veifj,f lffvsfdhf7 f[kf cfvpfhtekjib nhbfkt,lf8uf,j sfhcjc udthlbs vjc]ljvjlf7 sfdpt [tkc ecdfvlf lf itgfhdbs cf[-kbcrty b.eht,jlf8

2 uf,j= 2 dbqfwfv lfb&f[f8uf,jv fkf.fabc rfht,b uffqj lf ufitilf7 vbc oby abpreknehbc vfcofd-

kt,tkb pfmhj lf crjkbc lbhtmnjhb bluyty8 [vbc fvjqt,f dth vjf[th[f82 ltlf cf[kibf0 2 /rbs[f rjntv82 cf[kibf7 2 uf,jv tyf &kbdc vjf,heyf82 se &fkbfy yfo.tyb fhf [fh7 cf[kib itudbgfnb;j bmyt,7 2 qbvbkbs

es[hf pfmhjv82 vj,h&fylbs= 2 cnevht,b vjrh&fkt,bs itbgfnb;f lf sfhcj lfnemcf8

35

2 cnevht,c fh vbbqt,7 mfk,fnjyj fybrj0 2 rjntv lfe&f[f82 dfbvt7 smdtyc vjcdkfc hjujh dbabmht,lb= 2 fybrj afhserpt [tkt-

,bc ovtylbs ittut,fs8 2 wjnf [fyc bcfe,hts7 vt ceahfc ufdfo.j,7 2 vje-kjlytkj,bs lf,ytekb lfafwehlf8

2 fhfathb fh udbylf7 xdtysfy thsfl lf,h&fylbs7 dbcfe,hjs7 uf,jc-sfyfw udfmdc cfsmvtkb7 vtht rb sbsj zbmf qdbyjptlfw fh dbn.jlbs efhc72 smdf rjntv8

uf,j rfht,sfy fnepekb bluf82 uf,j7 xtvpt yfo.tyb [fh0 2 ittrbs[f rjnt82 fhf7 vfc= 2 uf,jv sfdb xfqeyf82 f,f7 crjkfib hfnjv fh lflb[fh0uf,jv ltlfc ofh,t,mdtiblfy uf[tlf7 fbynthtct,lf fv fv,bc ufut,f vfc-

pt hjujh bvjmvtlt,lf888 ltlfc fhfathb fh iten.dbf82 hf uto.byf7 ,bzj7 bv yt,bthc hjv ehn.b7 itybidyfw fh ubyljlf0= 2

pfmhjv ecf.dtlehf82 itybidyfw fhbc lf itybidyfw7 vt wjnf vrfwhfl des[fh lf ufb,enf7 2

ufvjtmjvfuf rjnt82 dbc t,ent,b7 se bwb= ,jlbibc vj[lbc vfubthbf7 dtkehbdbs hjv ufvj-

dfhlb crjkblfy lf f[kjc fqfh udtrfht,b= ity7 xtvj uf,j7 yfvldbkfln.eb[fh= 2 pfmhjv uf,jc it[tlf7 bc rb bfnfrc xfintht,jlf7 2 fb[tlt vfq-kf lf smdb cfsmvtkb8

2 gbhdtkfl vt fh ufvbhn.fvc7 2 uf,jv .tkib ufx[bhekb ,ehsb &kbdcuflf.kfgf8

2 xdty .dtkfathb dbwbs7 ity rb fct ufdtkeht,f fh utrflht,f=2 hf myfc7 vt des[fh7 ufhbw[ekb [fh-vtsmb lf vfufyfw lfb]thf7 2 qb-

vbkbs itybiyf rjntv82 se bwb7 ityb cfmwbtkbc ufvj hf [lt,f xdtyc crjkfib8 lqtc lbkblfy

htdbpbf pbc lf .dtkf res[t-reyzekc fvjovt,ty8 itypt fv,j,ty7 [ekbufyblf ewjlbyfhbfj7 hjujh lfdevnrbwjs7 hjv fct fh fhbc0 crjkfib hfnjvfh lflb[fh0= 2 e.dbhf pfmhjv8 2 bwb7 hjv tc ,h&jkblfy ufmwtdff7 itybfv[fyfut,bc qfkfnbf8

2 dn.ebdfh7 vfc7 2 &kbdc ufcfujyfl smdf uf,jv82 oflb f[kf7 ityb sfyfrkfctkt,b vj&t,yt7 qfvbc ufstdfw hjv lfuzbh-

lts7 .dtkf vjvpflt,ekb vjlbs8 ufcfut,bf0=2 ufdbut7 vfc7 2 f[kf erdt qbvbkbs es[hf uf,jv lf cf[kib itdfhlf7

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idbkb u.fdc7 mfk,fnjyj fybrj7 fvbs vfbyw [fh ,tlybthb82 hf dmyf7 vujybf rfhufl bphlt,f7 f[kf rb tc hf vt[b lfudtwf888 xdty

lfxfudhfqf udbyljlf0= 2 whtvkt,b dtqfh itbrfdf82 fhf eifdc hf7 gfnfhf x[e,b vjedblfs lf vjhxf8 [dfkblfy .dtkfathb

36

sfdbc flubkpt lflut,f82 ufyf itb&kt,f bc gfnfhf x[e,b j]f[bcsdbc nhfutlbfl bmwtc0= eahjc-

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/fvktnbc ]fdhb fmds

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43

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44

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45

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46

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47

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lbs7 hf rjv,byfwbt,c dfnhbfkt,9 ,ev,ekc fh itdfhxty7 ,ev,ekc= 2 cbkb-,bcnhj [esbjlt vfcofdkt,tkc cfsfdtib xfclujvjlf lf b[dtot,jlf7 xdt-yb ithrbyt,bc lfcfchekc e.ehtsj8

2 hf ubylf7 cbkb,bcnhj7 [jv ubs[fh7 uyt,lt,b lf vtnb hfqf ubylf0 2,t;fyfv qbvbkbs es[hf8

2 fhf7 tuht fhf= cfmdt.yjl eylf vjufrfrdbyj sbsb= fb7 tuht= 2 cbkb-,bcnhjv vfh]dtyf [tkb vfqkf fcobf lf cfxdtyt,tkb sbsb .dtkfc lfcfyf-[fl vj[fhf8 2 vjlbs7 udb.ehts= 2 cbkb,bcnhj cfvfcofdkt,kjib [vfe-hbs itbzhf lf zflhfrbc lfafc twf7 lffrdbhlf5 2 .dtkfathb hbuptf7 hj-ujhw lfdnjdt7 bctd bctf8 vjuhjdlbs7 fv[fyfut,j7 vjuhjdlbs= 2 cbkb,bc-nhjv cfvfcofdkt,kjib v.ja .dtkf vfcofdkt,tkc xfvjeh,byf7 2 yf[ts7dbyf dfh vt7 yf[ts lf lfvfafcts e&ktdtkb cbkb,bcnhj= 2 vbc vjojlt,fclblb bynthtcbs vb/.dyty8

cbkb,bcnhjv hf lfbyf[f7 hjv erkt,kbd .dtkf lfabc bhudkbd ohtlituhjdlf7 ,t;fyfc vje[vj7 hjvtkbw vfublbc vtjht v[fhtc xfysfib hdte-kt,c fo.j,lf8

2 fm vjlb7 .vfodbkj7 cf[fk[jl eylf ufufn.fj lf7 hfw lfhxt,b7 mfhpt

48

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2 rfhub7 hf[fy fh bikb7 vt fvfc dbsfvfit, 2 ,t;fyfv w[tybs vtatc upfxfertnf8

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2 vt fvfc dbsfvfit,lb7 2 ,t;fyvf re oby ofcobf82 f[kf ths abuehfc itdzfv7 2 cbkb,bcnhjv [tkt,b vjbaidybnf82 hfw ubylf itzfvt7 ths cdkfib [tkvobabc ufhtit lfhxt,f ityb ljyl-

kj fhvbf7 2 es[hf ,t;fyvf qbvbkbs lf lfafc vjcwbklf82 cfl vblb[fh7 rfwj0=2 babmht7 cbkb,bcnhj7 babmht7 seylfw ufstyt,fvlt babmht7 vtht rb ecbn.-

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49

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50

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51

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52

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2 rfwj7 vfhnj .fhfvfyb [jv fh fhbc8 vbkbwbbc eahjcc7 fv,frj cbvj-ybxc .dtkfpt lblb obkb tresdybc888 f[kf cfvbybcnhjibw [jv eylf xfbnf-yjy8 /jlf7 wjnf vbnjr-vjnjrlb7 e,hfkj cfmvt [jv fh fhbc e,ybc hoveyt-,ekj,f= 2 kfdfif lf[ksfy vlufhb .fcf,bdbs fmt,lf sfdbc yfzthc8

qflfkfc cbvfvhb lblb j[dhbc lf oeoeybc itvltu lfsfy[vlf8 thsbrdbhf bh,byf7 dbcsfyfw vbtcdkt,jlf7 aekb bctc[f7 sfdbcbw lfevfnf lfkfdfifc itgbht,ekb sfy[f gbhyfskfl xff,fhf8 thsb sdbc itvltu qflf-kf7 kef ujubyfidbkb7 erdt vbkbwbbc hoveyt,ekb b.j8

kefc cbvfvhsfy vfqfhbxb lfczbhlf lf7 hjujhw b.j7 vbcb vbgfnb;t,fuflfo.dbnf8 wjkvf vcemfyb ltlfkb lfrkf7 cf[byrkt lf cfvodflt [jhwbb.blf7 qdbyj rb sdbsjy cbvfvhvf vjbnfyf8 yfieflqtdc fbdfypt bc[lyty lfufvfh]dt,ekb cb&t-cbvfvhb ceahfcsfy vbgfnb;t,fvlt yfhlbc sfvfibs th-sj,jlyty8

2 f[kf ity bwb7 kefd7 sfdb eylf ufvjbxbyj7 ityb ojyf aekb vbvbwbf vfuhoveyt,ekj,fib7 2 itf[ctyf cbvfvhvf8

2 thsb bmfvlt vbdblt lf vtvht kfvaf vffyfsjy8 ltlfc denbht,7 vfu aek-cfw fvjdbqt, lf888 2 mfkbc rbdbkvf kefc cfsmvtkb fqfh lffvsfdht,byf888

2 vbidtkt7 kef= fv ufj[ht,ekvf rfnfv vj[fhiekb ltlfkb lfbshbf7dtqfh ofvbhsvtdbf= /fw[f7 it cfj[htd= 2 mfkbc rbdbkc rfnbc cfpfhtkbqhtyf lf ryfdbkb vj/.df8

kef ub;bdbs ofvj[nf7 bmdt res[tib vb.elt,ek bfnfrbc ]j[c [tkb lf-fdkj lf wjkbc cfidtkfl ufdfhlf8

ufikbk ceahfpt rfnf vj[fhiek ltlfkc lfc]ljvjlf8 cfibytkb qht-

53

54

ybs lf ,hz.fkt,bc vjidtkbt,bs kefc wjkc buthbt,lf9 erfyf at[t,c bm-ytdlf lf stait,c fmts-bmbs bchjlf8

2 j[7 it egfnhjyj= 2 kefv lfbqhbfkf lf bfnfrbc ]j[b vstkb &fkbslffhn.f7 hfcfw rfnbc cf,jkjj fvjx[fdkt,f lf zehzkbc vc[dthdf vj?.df8

2 &kbdc fh vbdfcbrdlbkt= 2 idt,bs smdf kefv7 erfyf at[t,ib [tkb vj/rblf lf fj[ht,ek ceahfc vjfijhf8

vrdlfhb rfnf sbsmvbc gbhfvlt ufdct,ek nefktnib xfe&f[f82 tctw fct7 fvbc itvltu vfbyw vjdbcdtyt,s fv .fxfqbcufy7 2 lff.jkf lf

[tkt,b vjbaidybnf8kefc wjkvf rfnbc o.tdkf-rhekdbs ceahf f[kblfy ufifkf8 kefv rb

cbvfvhsfy thsfl epjvj qdbybc cvbs fqybiyf sfdbc e,ybc hoveyt,ekj,f8rfnf ,by&eh cbs[tib ufvjwjw[klf7 ,tdhb bafhs[fkf7 rfhufl lfk,f

lf ufb;qbysf7 cfpfhtkb cbv.hfkt uh&tk ,fkfypt fbot,f lf bmblfy odf-kt,bs ufvj&dhf8 cf[kbcrty ofajhs[lf lf kjrjrbyfcfdbs cdtkb rdfkbufb.jkf8 ]th cfvpfhtekjib it&dhf8 kefc vteqktv7 hfrb rfnbc fqfh tib-yjlf7 cfzvtkt,b xfertnfdfl lfnjdf9 rfnfvfw .dtkfathc utvj ufecby]f7ufvj&qf7 &bkb vjeylf lf kefc kjubyib vjbrfkfsf8

yfqdbytdpt kefv sfdbc nrbdbkb fh bwjlf8 hfw fhf ufmdc7 bc hjujheylf funrbdltcj7 vtpj,kt,b [evhj,lyty8 fhw uekbc fhtdf bwjlf7 vbcbrezb epjvjl xf.hbk [fhf[ehfc eghtntypbjl bytkt,lf8

vjw[j,bkvf cbcdtktv se cfibytkvf cbv.hfktv kef ufvjfqdb&f8 kj-.fpt [tkb vjbcdf lf hfqfw cmtkb7 v.hfkb vfcf cf[tpt itbpbkf8

2 hf .fhc tuht7 rfwj7 cbvsdhfktib [jv fh ufvbdblf= 2 xfbkfgfhfrf lf[tkb cfwdfkib xffgfhf9 ufb[fhf7 cfwdfkb vihfkb lfe[dlf8

fv lhjc cfvpfhtekjlfy wjkbc qhbfkb vjtcvf lf kjubyblfy ufvja-hbylf8

2 vbidtkt7 kefd7 rfnf ufwjw[kt,ekf= .dtkfathb ofudb,bkof0kefc ofvjlujvfpt rfnf cfojkblfy uflvjdfhlf lf erfy uf/.df8cfvpfhtekjib kefc vteqkt zbhbceafkbdbs vjcsmdfvlf8 rfnfw bm itdb-

lf lf bct ufb,thn.f itvjhxtybkb cb,by&eht7 bhudkbd vfhfjcfdbs ufifkf82 /fw[f7 it cfcrbdlbktd= 2 kefc wjkvf [tkib hfw rb vj[dlf tchjkf8

kefw vbtidtkf lf hfvltybvt]th vofhtl vjhn.vbc itvltu rfnf n.behb-dbs ufdfhlf8

kefc wjkb rb vstkb rdbhf [t[fdlf yfrfnfh kjubyc lf zehztkc7 vfu-hfv v.hfkb ceyb vskfl dth uffmhj8

f[kf rfnfpt vstkb e,fyb yflbhj,lf7 vfuhfv dthfathb vje[th[tc8 v[j-kjl qfvt ufvjlbjlf7 lqbcbs cflqfw vbrfhuek reyzekib itv&dhfkb8 cf-ibytk z.fdbkpt cwyj,lyty cb,ytktc fvjafht,ek tivfrbc vjwbmekc8 vst-kb e,fyb rb bct lffahs[j7 bdkbcbc gfgfyfmt,fibw rb ufvjrtnbkb /mjylfsrfh-afy]ht,b888

qflfkf-kef 2 e,ybc hoveyt,ekb

UF,JC ltlfc ertstcb cfvcf[ehb dthw rb ofhvjtlubyf8 cfwltkb cflue-hbc cfmvtt,c ieflqtvlt fvsfdht,lf8 ptlvtnb lfdfkt,bs fhfdby foe[t,lf7rjktmnbdbw s,bkfl lf gfnbdbcwtvbs tg.hj,jlf8 fybrjv sfdbc itcfathbv.elhj cfveifj bijdyf8

55

rdbhbrt rb cek pfmhjc kjwdfib b.j7 fct evnrbdytekjl hjv lffqobfsfdb bv dfb-sfyfvihjvtkc8 fybrj [jv ufzbhdt,bc nfkrdtcb b.j8 flht c[df-ufy lf/mjylf lfcf,tzlt,b7 f[kf vfc t[dtot,jlyty7 smdtyvf vlbdfyvf lblflcfgfce[bcvut,kj vj[ctyt,bsb ,fhfst,b se vj[ctyt,t,b lfudb,tzljcj8

hf bjkfl rb vj[lf bv f,bnehbtynbc f,tpfhb vfvbc vjwbkt,f8 rdbhbrtvfybrjc vbqt,bc ,h&fyt,f vbc ufysfdbceakt,fc lffvs[dbf bct7 hjv thsblqtw fh vjeobf eveitdhfl .jayf8 vjkfht uffahs[bkf7 sdbc ,jkjc bcrfwb se rbltd vjdbltc7 es[fhb7 hfw n.dbkfl [tkafcb ofbqj7 erfy lfudb,-heyjcj8

vfhskfw7 bc nbgb sdbc ,jkjc lf,fht,ekbdbs ufvjw[fllf7 vjkfhtc-sfy bct itbgfhf7 hjujhw mfsvbc [jhwc itxdtekb vtkf cfmfsvtib8

2 ufcekb sdbc [tkafcb fh fhbc7 mfk,fnjyj0 2 vjrh&fkt,bs lf uflf-zfh,t,ekb sfdfpbfyj,bs brbs[f8

2 [tkafcb b.j lf lfdfhbuts rbltw7 smdty dbcfc rbs[ekj,s0 2 ufrdbh-dt,bs /rbs[f8

2 fb7 bvbcf7 flht hjv dbqt,lb7 2 rfwvf xehxekbs es[hf82 flht dbcfc bqt,lbs7 fy hfnjv bqt,lbs0= hjwf rfhufl bwjlbs7 hjv

smdtyb idbkb cfveifjpt fh w[fllt,jlf8 lbhtmnjhc ufysfdbceakt,ekbtujyf7 smdty rb vfn.et,lbs lf aekt,b vbumjylfs8 bwbs7 hjv bc aekbf[kf xtvb fcfyfpqfeht,tkbf0 dbcb uekbcsdbc eylf lfdbcf]j0= 2 vjkfhtv[vfc feobf8

2 rfhub7 rfhub7 fhfathb fh vbylf7 ofdtlb7 rfhufl b.fdbs7 2 nbgb ofcfd-ktkfl vjtvpflf8

2 hjv vblb[fhs7 hjujh abmhj,s7 bv aekc dby lfafhfdc0 bmyt, uujyb-fs7 bctsb vlblfhb dfh7 fy uflfcf.htkb mjyt,f vfmdc7 hjv smdtyb dfkt,bvt dfcojhj= vjbsvbyts7 2 vjkfhtv obyfcofh yffyufhbit,b sfy[bs lfot-hbkb mfqfklb vbfojlf72 ofbrbs[ts7 s[esvtnb sdbc [tkafcb ufmds vbs-dbct,ekb7 se fh lff,heyt,s7 [dfkdt dfwyj,t,s cflfw ]th fhc=

nbgvf mfqfklb ufvjfhsdf lf rfhbcrty ufcobf82 bwjlts7 se [dfk cfqfvjvlt aekb fh lfub,heyt,bfs7 ptu c[df ljyt-

pt vjudbotdc kfgfhfrb= 2 vemfhf vbf.jkf vjkfhtv8vtjht lqtc bv nbgvf mfqfklpt lfothbkb sfy[f erkt,kbd vbesdfkf7

sfy .tkbc ufvjotdbs itt[dtof7 ityb zbhbvt7 bycnbnenc fh fwyj,js7 ,fdidbvtjht rehcpt cofdkj,c lf fh ufvjhbw[jyj8

rdbhbrtc f[kf zbhfl tc aekb ufe[lf8 ,tdhb sfs,bhbc itvltu uflfo.-dbntc7 ahbfl cfzbhj crfvt,b lf hfvltybvt vfublf itt&byfs8 fvbs yfob-kj,hbd lfflevf cbylbcbc mty]yf7 tcjlty hjv fodfkt,lf8

ths vidtybth lqtc rb fv fv,bs vbqt,ekb cbfvjdyt,f cek xfei[fvlf8cfqfvjsb cf[kib vbcekc vbcb cfvbdt cemt,fpt lf.tyt,ekb qjht,blfy fqfh-wthsb fh lf[dlf8 iefqfvtvlt t&t,f7 f[kj-vf[kj e,yt,b vjbfhf7 vfuhfvrdfkc dthcfl vbfuyj8

vtjht lqtc lbkblfydt e,ybc hoveyt,eksfy ufvjw[fllf8 vfc mfkfmbccf,zjib thsb jsf[b /mjylf ufvj.jabkb8 rfhuf [fyc tkjlf7 ,jkjc vjdb-lf [fibc lf fh.bc ceybs fmjst,ekb8 jsf[ib itcdkbcsfyfdt it/.df8

2 ,fnjyj7 vt cfwltkb cfluehbc lbhtmnjhb rdbhbrt cb[fhekb&t uf[-kfdfhs7 2 egfce[f vbcrty vbg.hj,bk efphj vpthfc8

56

vfy at[b at[pt vbfhn.f7 vfh]dtyf ufmjybkb [tkb melsfy e[th[ekflvbbnfyf lf fh.bs xfvodfhb [vbc bjut,bc itcfathb njybs vjf[ctyf5

2 eahjcb ktbntyfynb7 kef ujubyfidbkb8 hfpt byt,ts xtvsfy vj,h&fyt,f02 cfvb qjhb lfdrfhut7 ,fnjyj7 tpjlfy7 lqbcbs-vpbcbs8 mdt.fyf uflf-

dfnhbfkt lf dthcfl dbgjdt7 2 qhvfl lfvoe[ht,ekvf rdbhbrtv sfdbcbufcfzbhb fe[cyf8

2 tct bub vstkb mdt.fyf uflffnhbfkt lf dth bgjdyt0 2 kefv ufbrdbhdf82 rb7 dth dbgjdyt82 xtvsfy hfnjv vj[dtlb7 uujybf7 hjv vt vjdbgfht02 hjujh utrflht,fs= bmyt, hjujhvt vfgjdybyjs82 vtht7 dby ubs[hf7 hjv dbcfw tpjlfy qjhb ufeahs[t,f7 kef ujubyfi-

dbkb vbe.dfycj8 fy bmyt, uujybf7 hjv fmf v.fdc xfvo.dltekb= 2 kef vfub-lbc ufvjcfotd e]hfc lft]f]uehf lf7 hjujhw b.j7 ufvjfqj7 2 f/f7 xfb[t-lt7 fm fh fhbfy8 it vfvfw[jyt,ekj7 ityb qjht,bcfsdbc dth vjubdkbf7 vthfvltyb itybcsfyf v.fdc8 lqtib jwvf hjv uffahs[jc qjht,b7 bvfs vju-hjdt,fc itd&kt,0 f[kf rbltd vfhnj qjhb [jv fh fhbc888 pjuc &hj[f7dbhb7 rfvtxb lf7 tivfrvf bwbc7 hf fh itb&kt,f /.fdltc7 seylfw rhfrflbkb0=t&t,t cfo.fkj kefd7 dbsjv c[df cfmvt fhf vmjyltc7 fvfs rbltd ,ept,bsdfkjy7 e.eht ity0= vt hf dbwb7 bmyt,f rbltw lfrfkb lf itzfvt7 rezbchtdbpbf xfubnfhj0=

2 fvfc hfl rflhekj,7 ,fnjyj0 2 rdbhbrtv bo.byf82 sfdfl ,fnjyj= vt rb fhf7 ity hfl rflhekj,= kef hf vtyf[bhtf7 se

esfdjt,bc athvbc ufvut=2 ,jlbib7 tn.j,f vbcfvfhsb itvtifkf7 2 rdbhbrt rfht,bcrty ofdblf82 yfvldbkfl itutifkf7 qjht,b cfqjhtib eylf t&t,j lf fhf vbkbwbbc

e,ybc hoveyt,eksfy=rdbhbrtv jsf[bc rfhb gfce[bc ufewtvkfl ufvjfqj lf ufcdkf lffgbhf82 vjbwf7 ityb udfhb lf cf[tkb vbs[fh= 2 vbf&f[f kefv82 hfqf cfzbhjf7 bctlfw ,tdhb lhj ofufhsdb82 cfmvbcsdbc fhbc cfzbhj7 2 kef vfublfcsfy lf]lf lf rfkfvb vjbvfh]df82 vjcdkbcsfyfdt ufufwfybs7 vujyb7 xtvb dbyfj,f82 vt cfmvt eylf fqd&hf7 vjcdkbcsfyfdt hf smdb7 hfqf vf[cjdc=rdbhbrtv sfdbcb ,tlb lfco.tdkf fm vjcdkbcfsdbc lf vofhtl uftqbvf82 rdbhbrt cb[fhekb&t7 cfwltkb cfluehbc lbhtmnjhb7 lf,flt,bc lqtw

[jv fh uzbhlt,fs02 fhf8 hfvltyb qjhb b.j02 cfvb8 sbsj js[vjwlfs[esvtnb rbkjuhfvb bmyt,jlf82 ojyf fhf vzbhlt,f82 vt vzbhlt,f7 se ojyfib vjvfnt,ekb xfvf,fhtc7 ityf[dbc lf ojyfvf-

nbc eylf uflfde[flj7 se fhflf7 lfyfrkbcb [jhwbc qbht,ekt,fc vjdbs[jd72 rdbhbrt j[ey]j,bc [fcbfspt lfluf8

2 dfff7 tc hf rbrb,j dbyvt .jabk[fh8 vutkc hjv .fdltc itzvekb7 vfibyhfqfc bpfv0

2 vukbcsdbc fkfkbf7 bc fvbs w[jdhj,c7 veifj,f fh ite&kbf7 hf myfc888vt jhat[f vukt,bcfsdbc viehc7 [tkbc ufnjrt,f hjv tpfht,fs lf c[dbcbyfjakfhbs cemlt,bfy8

57

2 vfufs vukt,b rb fhf7 cfpjufljt,hbdfl vfdyt tktvtynt,b /mdbfs7 2fe[cyf kefv8

2 /jlf7 vfu vfdyt tktvtynt,pt vfmdc tzdb lf fm bvbnjv vjdtlb7 sjhtvc[df itvs[dtdfib vjyrfdibhib vbdbljlb7 2 rdbhbrt jsf[blfy ufdblf7 rfhbvbb[ehf lf ptl vbrhek abhybic it[tlf8

3e,ybc hoveyt,ekb kef ujubyfidbkb7 vbqt,f .jdtk cfveifj lqtc8 rdb-hfj,bs ,jl,bc[tdbc ,fpfhib itub&kbfs vbfrbs[js48

,jkj vbyfothb dbqfwbc [tkbs b.j itchekt,ekb 3bmyt, sdbsjy kef-vfw offothf47 2 ufbabmhf rdbhbrtv lf ytkb yf,b]bs ufvjdblf ityj,blfy8

jqhfi-cfhf lf rhtzj-rjkf

RDBHBRTV crjkfib vbfrbs[f pfmhjc lf sfdbcb qjht,bcf lf kefc itcf-[t, lfodhbkt,bs vje.df8

2 lfvqegt0= 2 pfmhjv sfdib [tkb itvjbrhf8 2 qfvtt,b fh vt&byf qjht-,bc mtkt[pt jwyt,bs7 facec hf qdbyj udhxt,f qjhbc vodflt,bc ufhtit=

2 cf[evhjlff cfmvt0= bmyt, [dfk cf[kbw ufvbnt[jy= 2 rdbhbrtv bo.byf82 cf[kc fh ufubnt[fdty= 2 lfhoveyt,bs smdf pfmhjv82 hfnjvfj7 zref lfeikbs se sfyfvlt,j,f0=2 cgtwbfkj,f iteikbs [tkc8 qjhb gbhen.dbc mehlvf vjugfhf7 ,bybc

ufnt[f bvbc cfmvt fh fhbc9 sfdbc dbohj cgtwbfkj,fc fh eqfkfnt,c82 vfhskf02 tc fctf7 o.fkb fh ufedf82 fv cfmvtc hf tidtkt,f02 vfu cgtwbfkj,bs vjveifdt thsb dbwb8 bv cfqfvjcdt xtvsfy hjv vj-

cekb.fd7 itb&kt,f sfdat[pt vfbyw vbudtcohj7 ve;e;fl xfdlt,lbs82 lfrkfdlyty02 fhf7 cbvqthbc ueylib xfhbw[fdlyty rhbvfyzekbc cfsmvtkfl8 it lf-

kjwdbkj7 kefcsfy hjv fh vbcekb.fd7 xtvb cf[kbc upf futhbf0= rfhuflhjv lfrdbhdt,jlb7 itb&kt,f vbc r,bkt,ib ityb qjhbc [jhwbc yfhxtyt,butyf[f8

2 vfhskf02 vnfwt,tkbf tu kef7 hf vybidytkj,f fmdc7 ityb itzfvf se c[dbcf02 bct rb sbsmvbc vfc[fhfl fvbulj8882 rbltd rfhub7 mehlbc vfubth ity fh lfubzbhf82 fctw itb&kt,f02 kefc vcufdct,blfy 2 rb82 /f7 vjbabmht hfvt7 sjhtv itvjlujvfpt vodflt,bc ufhtit lfdhxt,bs82 vjabmht,ekb vfmdc7 vfuhfv ]th flhtf9 cfqfvjvlt fhfathb ufvjdf8

thsb ufrdtsbkb vfmdc xfcfnfht,tkb8 vjbwf7 bmyt, dbyvtv itvbsfdcjc lfvtht rb vstkb lqt ityc ufyrfhuekt,fib dbmyt,b9 sbsj zbmf ityb yfmt,brf[ehbcfw fh udfo.tylf8

2 rf[ehc rb fhf7 cfyfv qjht,c fh vfgjdybyt,7 fh.bc ufhlf fhfathc fhxfufwtw[kt,8

2 fhw tu eylf b.jc welb7 2 smdf pfmhjv lf crjkbc ityj,fib itdblf8vfkt jhbdt vsfdfh mexfpt vbf,b]t,lyty8

58

2 rhtzj-rjkf ufubujybf0 2 vjekjlytkfl /rbs[f pfmhjv82 fhf82 fhw jqhfi-cfhf02 se &vf [fh7 rhtzb-vhtzbc uekb vfmdc xtvb qjht,bc lfvrfhufdc0 2

rdbhbrtv ite,qdbhf82 rhtzj-rjkfc rdfkpt eylf dt&t,js ityb qjht,b82 tu hjujh02 hjujh lf buht7 hjv xdtyc gfnfhf mfkfmib qjht,bc mehlj,bc cgtwb-

fkbcnb v[jkjl rhtzj-rjkff8 c[dt,c upfpt qjht,bc vstkb rjknb hjvit[dlts7 ths ,ehdfrc fh itfwkbfy8 rhtzj-rjkfv rb ptgbhfl bwbc7 dbctpjib hfvltyb qjhb lfctbhyj,c lf vfsb ufcfqt,bc cfmvtw rfhufl fmdcvjudfht,ekb8 fk,fs7 lbl[fyc ufsdfkbtht,lf8 vfhnj[tkf rfwbc cfqjht-ib cfvb vjdkbkb qjhb itbuekf7 vstkb lqt bvbc ufyrfhuekt,fib b.j7vtnb hfqf eyljlf7 itcfathbcb flubkb vjeyf[f8

2 dfff= jqhfi-cfhf dbqff02 jqhfi-cfhf vbcb wjkbf7 bylfeht,bc lf mfsvt,bc cgtwbfkbcnb888 wjnf

vrbs[fj,fw t[th[t,f8 lqbcbs vrbs[fj,bc vjvbptpt,bs rfhlfrfh lflbc7.dtkf cfmfsvbc lf cfqjhbc flubkcfv.jatkc fpecnt,c7 vtht rb rhtzj-rjkfc f.tyt,c rdfkpt8

2 vjbwf7 vjbwf= 2 rdbhbrt ewt, itxthlf8 2 fvfc obyfs xtvsfy thsbfctsb ltlfrfwb b.j7 tpjib itvjvbdfhlf7 ubylf se fhf7 eylf ubvrbs[fjj9sfdpt stshb [bkf,fylb /mjylf vj[dtekb7 cfiefkj nfybc7 s[tkb7 cfjw-hfl vj&hfdb7 ifdudhtvfyb7 kj.fpt lblb ,fkybfyb [fkbs8

2 rfhufl lfub[cjvt,bf8 cb.dfhekbw [jv fh fe[cty02 fhf7 vfuhfv zez.bfyb hjv fh .jabkb.j7 lf,fybkb eahj vbvpbldtkb

bmyt,jlf82 thb/f7 bc qjht,b ity sdbsjy [jv fh uffnfyt0 vfhnj[tkf rfwb [fh7

cekvf [jv fh ofu&kbf0 2 pfmhjv tivfrehfl xferhf sdfkb82 rfhub thsb8 bc rhtzj-rjkf hjujhbqff02 thsvfytsc bct ittatht,bfy7 hjujhw tcvthfklf lf rdfpbvjlj8 cf[bc

wfkb v[fht lfvodfhb fmdc7 rfyb bct vjczbvbf7 r,bkt,bc lfcfafhfl fqfhlfhxtybkf9 wfkb at[b vjrkt fmdc5 sfdbc wfk v[fhtc svf fh tphlt,f7vujyb .ehbc wfkb yb;fhfw fh eylf /mjyltc7 fh exfyc7 hflufy vtw[dfhbcn.fdbc melb pfvsfh-pfa[ekc wfk v[fhtc fmdc xfvja[fnekb8

cfe,fh-cfe,hbs mfkfmbc wtynhc ufcwlyty lf athlj,pt itatybk cf[-kt,bcrty vbvfdfk jqhjxjqhj7 dbohj mexfc ufe.dyty8 cfvityt,kj yfhxt-yt,bs ufvjdct,ek [tdbc gbhfc ufdblyty9 mfkfmb fm sfdlt,jlf8 ufqvf rbathlj,pt itatybkb ,exmyfhb bo.t,jlf7 bmdt hw[bkbc oytkbs itvjqj,b-kb afhsj tpjc ibuybs cf[kb vjxfylf8

[tdb uflfkf[tc8 pdbyt,fl lf.hbk wtvtynbc7 fuehbc7 uf]bcf lf c[df yfh-xtyt,c ufcwlyty8

2 tc flubkb cfyfudtl emwtdbfs7 2 xfbkfgfhfrf rdbhbrtv82 tutyb cflfw vjfcoht,ty7 yfufdc bm .hbfy7 tn.j,f fhfdby eikbs lf

udfhbfyfl lfeyfudbfyt,bfs7 2 egfce[f pfmhjv8rfhuf vjphlbkb vodfyt vjkb uflfbfhtc lf qj,tc vbfluyty8pfmhjv [bc rfhc ob[kb /rhf lf tpjib itdblf8

59

2 lfde&f[js7 2 itfxthf rdbhbrtv82 ity vt vjv.t= 2 vrfwhfl es[hf pfmhjv lf tpjib lf,fht,ekbdbs

itdblf8cf[kbc vfh]dybd7 bm7 cflfw ,exmyfhb bo.t,jlf7 [bc uh&tkb cfqjht

bluf7 vbc udthlbs rb afhsj itvjqj,bkib efvhfdb mfsfvb bhtjlf9 tpjibbylfeht,bw itepqelfdfl lflbjlyty8

pfmhj gbhlfgbh cfqjhbcfrty uftvfhsf82 yf[t7 hfvltyb bylfehb /.fdc7 2 rdbhbrtv bylfeht,bc lblb ]ueab lf-

fyf[f7 cflfw ufa[jhbkb vfvfkb ahsfxfvjidt,ekb ohtc ehn.fvlf8tn.j,f mfsvt,sfy itlfht,bs bylfeht,b ghbdbktubfib /.fds82 bc rfhfynbybf f[kflvj.dfybksfsdbc8 hjv vbtxdtdbfy7 se vfyfvlt

htfkbpfwbf dth vjf[th[tc7 sfdbceakt,fib ufeidt,ty7 futh bvfscfdbs7 2pfmhjv cf[kbc res[tib vjaecaect mfsvt,pt vbesbsf8

cfqjhtlfy qjht,bc z.bdbkb bcvjlf7 bmdt &tkt,bs itvjrfdt,ek ue,t-ib [esb ytpdb yt,bdhj,lf8

pfmhjv cfqjhbc rfhb ob[kbs itfqj lf otkib vj[hbks itdblf8 w[dbhiblf[esekb /fthbc lf qjhbc lfvf[fcbfst,tkb vodfdt ceyb twfs8 vstkbcfqjht cmtkb abwht,bs cfv vjphlbk ctmwbfl b.j lf.jabkb8 wfk v[fhtc.dtkf ctmwbfc &tkbs ufvfuht,ekb7 hfvltybvt thsfl itztlbkb abwhbcrfhb /mjylf vb.elt,ekb8 ctmwbt,b qjht,bs cfdct b.j8

gbhdtkib s[esvtnb lfbsdfktc82 ityt,b fm [jv fh fhbfy0 2 pfmhjv /rbs[f82 fhf7 tctyb gfnfht,bf82 vfiby c[df dyf[js8vtjht ctmwbfib hdf xfcemt,ekb qjhb epheydtkfl qheneyt,lf82 fb7 xtvb thsb= 2 rdbhbrtv ofvjb.dbhf lf [tkb w[dbhvjrkt qjhbcrty

ufbidbhf7 2 futh vtjhtw= 2 vtjht pecnfl gbhdtkc /ufdlf8 2 vtcfvt fhfhbc= 2 rdbhbrt ufw[fhlf8

2 vjbwf7 f[kf vjvltdyj ctmwbf dyf[js7 2 pfmhjv lby]fl es[hf lfcfqjhtc ,jkjcfrty ufcobf8

fm [esb vfrt qjhb bodf82 tt[= vtcfvt fh fhbc= 2 rdbhbrtv [tkb xfbmybf82 hf uekb ufbnt[t7 ityb se fh fhbc7 c[dt,b ertstct,b fhbfy8 ofvjlb7

f[kf j]f[bc vfvfc itdt[vbfyjs7 2 cfqjhblfy ufvjdblyty lf cf[kbcrtyofdblyty8

2 rhtzj-rjkfd= 2 pfmhjv rfht,pt lff,hf[eyf8 2 rhtzj7 fh utcvbc02 tn.j,f cf[kib fh fhbfy8 xtvb qjht,b hjujh ofdb.dfyj0 2 itoe[lf

rdbhbrt82 hjujh lf7 hjujhw bvfy ofvjb.dfyf7 vfuhfv ]th hf cfxmfhjf7 fmdt

cflvt tult,f8 rhtzj7 ityb ltlf= ufvjtshbt7 sjhtv vstk qjht,c ufdht-rfv= 2 pfmhjv tpj &f[bkbs vjbfhf8 2 cfhf-jqhfij7 se fh ufvj[dfk7 cf[k-rfhc uflfub,eufd7 ltlfc ubnbht,7 fmtlfy at[c fh vjdbwdkb7 cfyfv fh uf-vj[dfk= 2 pfmhj cf[kbc oby lfult,ek rey&pt xfvj]lf8 2 hjltvlt lfbvf-kt,bfy7 vfufsb ltlf= 2 xfbkfgfhfrf lf bmdt vbult,ekb ]j[bs vbobc xbx-myf lfbo.j8

2 futh7 bc [jv fh fhbc0 2 rdbhbrtv blf.db uf/rhf8

60

,exmt,blfy w[dhbcmelbfyb7 rhbrfkbdbs vj[hbkb7 v[fhpt ]j[uflflt-,ekb ewyfehb ufhtuyj,bc rfwb vfsrty rjzkj,bs vjlbjlf8 vfkt vjgbh-lfgbht v[hblfy7 cflfw cfmfsvt ,exmt,c trdhjlf7 bylfehbs bqkbfib7 sts-h[bkf,fylbfyb mfkb ufvjxylf8

2 tufw cfhf7 2 pfmhjv xfbkfgfhfrf lf vbobc xbxmdyf uffuh&tkf8w[dhbcmelbfyb rfwb vbef[kjdlfs lf jhbjlt vtnhbc vjwbkt,bs uf-

xthlf82 rdfpbvjlj fvfcsfy eakbcoekbf7 2 rdbhbrtv xfbkfgfhfrf7 rbltd it-

[tlf lf uff;h;jkf82 vtcfvt qjhb hf e.fd7 it ij,tk&fqkj= 2 pfmhj ewt, ofvj[nf lf

w[dhbcmelbfyc sfdpt lffluf8 bvfy vfibydt [tkt,b cf[tpt fbafhf82 rhtzj7 ij,tk&fqkj= smdb7 hf e.fd vtcfvt qjhb7 sjhtv ljkbc uj-

zbdbs itvjufo.dbnt ityb cf[kbc cdtnc= 2 pfmhjv [tkb v[fhib lfcnfwf82 oeorj7 oeorj= ityb rfgbrb hjv fh vf[cjdc7 oeorj= hf ubylf vfu rfwb-

cfufy7 it belfd= it cfnfyfd= it ufsf[cbht,ekj= 2 cfhfv obobybs itenbf7vbdfhlf lf cfr,tyfl lfrhbzf r,bkt,b8

2 cojhtl ity ut&t,lb7 fkmf]j7 itybdt at[bs vj[dtlb= 2 pfmhjv [tkib[tkb cnfwf lf bct vjezbhf7 hjv cfhf f.dbhlf8

2 dfbvt7 rjkfd7 vbidkt7 fv dbhbidbkvf [tkb vjvnt[f= 2 nrbdbkbcfufylfbqhb]f lf vbofpt xfbxjmf8

2 ufeidb [tkb7 ityb= 2 rhtzj-rjkfv hfqfw fhfflfvbfyehb [vbs fvj-bx[fdkf lf ]j[b vjeqthf8

pfmhjv ]j[b sdfkbc lf[fv[fvt,fib ufvjcnfwf lf vbc sfdpt fqvfhsf8itibyt,ekvf rhtzj-rjkfv [tkt,b sfdpt lfbafhf lf cfhfc udthlbs

xfbxjmf82 hf ubylf7 hf7 it .fxfqj= oeorj= oeorj= vrbs[fj,fib rfgbrbw hjv fh

vjubwbf8 hfvlty]th vemsfl vfvrbs[byt7 xtvb dfkb vfvtwb= 2 cfhfv cfr,t-yfl bctd vbbobf8

pfmhjv [tkb vjezbhf lf cfhf bctd f.dbhlf52 dfbvt7 rjkfd7 hf eylf fv ij,tk&fqkc7 thsb /rbs[t=2 fkmf]j7 fv rfwc bwyj,0 2 rdbhbrtpt vbesbsf82 dbwyj,7 rfhub rfwbf7 vrbs[fj,fib jwlf[esb vfytsb vfvwf7 2 pfmhjv

rdbhbrtc it[tlf lf r,bkt,b uffrhfzeyf7 bvfy rb cbhw[dbkbcfufy sfdb xfqeyf82 jwlf[esb vfytsbc afcb hf es[fhb7 ity nehnkbfy kj.fpt frjwybyt02 f,f7 f,f= 2 rthzj-rjkfv ofvjbobf82 nehnkbfyb ityf [fh8 vt dfh nehnkbfyb7 vt0 2 cfhfv rf,bc mdti sfdb-

ceafkb vfhw[tyf [tkb itb.j lf ufmfsmfst,ekb gthfyubc rfksf ufvjfxb-yf8 2 ltlbitybcfv7 tutsb gthfyub ityc wjkcfw twvtdf9 lf[tlt7 vjubrdltcuekb=

2 f[fkb vjgfhekb utmyt,f7 ufzez.dfc dth vjfcoht,lb8 vfbyw hfib fbqtjwlf[esb vfytsb7 hfnj fh bn.db0

2 .dtkfathb itdfn.t8 des[dfh7 hjv itvjlujvfpt wjkc itbhsfdc7 vfc-ofdkt,tkbf9 vfqfkb7 kfvfpb7 ifdsdfkt,f mfkb7 cb[fhekbcfufy fb7 fv [fk-ptw rb vfrjwf7 2 cfhfv vfhw[tyf [tkbc cfxdtyt,tkb sbsj ,fy]udkbfy [fk-pt lfblj8 pfmhjc uftqbvf7 rdbhbrtc uf[tlf7 hjvtkbw cbhw[dbkbcufy fzfh-[kt,ekb bmdt sfdxfqeyekb bluf8

61

2 itvjlujvfpt mjhobkc itgbhlb lf eqjhjl lfcdb02 oeorj7 oeorj= mjhobkib qjhbc lfrdkf cfl ufujybkf8 tu ufyf ity-

cfdbs ufevtnfhbf82 bmyt, qjht,bw sdbsjy ufvjufnfyf02 /j7 ufvjvfnfyf7 ifvbyf[tj82 vtcfvt hfqf e.fdbs0cfhfv v[ht,b fbxtxf lf rjkfc uflf[tlf82 rhtzj7 vtcfvt qjhb hf e.fdb0 2 pfmhjv [vfc feobf82 kefc lfderfkb82 hjujh se lferfkb82 thsb qjhb itvfothf lf hf vtmyf8 vt vfhnj ]bufhb lfvhxf9 jhb

bylfehb lf fsb mfsfvb cfhfcbw ofb.dfyf82 smdty fyufhbib wfkr-wfkrt ufmds uf[cybkb02 /j7 tuhtf7 xdty xdtyb fyufhbit,b udfmdc82 tutsb otcbf0 qjht,b itcfyf[fl vjuf,fhfs7 smdty rbltd kefc lfe-

rfkbs82 fh vbvb,fht,bf7 n.ebc7 fv ecbylbcjt,vf vjbgfhtc= 2 uf,hfplf rdbhbrt82 eb7 eb7 ity tu utrflht,f0= otcbthb rfwb [fh7 oeorb [jv fhf7 aekbc

vbwtvf hjv tvrdktkt,f8 ity fh vbs[fh7 qjht,b ifvbyf[t lf vtcfvt itybb.jcj0 /jlf7 xdtyw vtcfvt kefc xfdfwtw[kts8

2 oflb lf erfydt fvjfwtw[kt= 2 pfmhjv cbwbkbs es[hf7 2 fy hjvtkbw.dtkfpt rfhub qjhbf7 bvfc fdfhxtds8

2 vfu qjht,c gfnhjyb /.fds7 vjuflut,bfy lf vtvht vt fh lfvf,hfkj72 rhtzj-rjkf fz.dkbgbylf8

2 vfiby yfqlb ufvjeidb82 hf tqbht,f0 2 cfhfv vbfvbnehfl brbs[f82 fbqt7 lfbqt7 ,tdhb ufzbvt7 ufotkt fi jxlf[es vfytspt ptdbs fh ofdf7

2 rhtzj-rjkfv qjhc sfdbcb afcb lfflj82 vfvf ubw[jylf7 jhfcjhvjwlffs vfytsc rfgbrb hjv lffrkltc7 ityb

cfqjhblfy ths vfrt qjhc ufvjts[jdt=2 &fkflj,ff= 2 cfhfv itbw[flf82 smdtypt rfyjyb fh czhbc lf c[df hf vjub[th[js0=2 dth vjufhsdbs= fb7 tc fh ubylf= 2 cfhfv vfhw[tyf [tkbs cfvb sbsbc

rjv,byfwbf w[dbhsfy vbenfyf8pfmhjv rb &fkevfl vjezbhf [tkb7 cfhf f.dbhlf82 fv ij,tk&fqkvf [tkb vfvnt[f8 dfb7 dfb7 j[thj=2 rhtzj7 fltmb7 cfyfv xdty cf[kib vbdfks7 tc jhb qjhb flubkpt lfu-

df[dtlht9 [dfk rbltd fv gfnbjcfy rfwc ityb [tkbs vbfhsvtd jhfc jhvjw-lffs vfytsc8 rbltd itqfdfsc ubotds7 sjhtv ,fpfhib vfu[tkf qjhc cfvfcvfytsflfw dth bijdyb8

2 thsb rdbhf lfudfwfkt7 oeorj7 ,fpfhib hfvt-hevtt,c ufd.bljs lf vtsdbsjy vbdenfy7 2 cfhfv qhtzbs cs[jdf8

2 [dfk cfqfvjc fvfc aekb hjv fh vbenfyj7 vjdfk lf ths ltlf qjhcvt sdbsjy ofdb.dfy9 tu cfmvt smdtypt yfrkt,fl fh vt[th[t,f7 2 pfmhjvvemfhbs smdf8

2 mehlj7 mehlj= 2 cfhf fobobylf7 2 fb7 mehlb dby fhbc7 lfbzbs= xdty-

62

sfy hf ubylfs7 ufaezt,ekb rfwbf7 fh tylj7 .dtkfathc vjugfhfdc7 rdbhb-rtc vrbs[fdbc njybs vbvfhsf8

2 ity [dfk jhfcjhvjwlffsb vfytsb vbenf7 vt eylf vjdgfhj82 [tlfd0 tufw vt dfh0 etzdtkfl vjugfhfdc7 vt ifubyf[fd7 thsb dyf[js7

xtvufy hjujh ofbqt,c= 2 rdbhbrtc lf pfmhjc cbwbkb fen.lfs82 hfc itvjv.eht,7 oflb7 ufhtrt qjht,b= 2 pfmhjv rhtzj-rjkfc e.dbhf82 oflb7 rjkfd7 ofe.df7 hf[fy ityf[dfpt efhc fv,j,ty8 qjht,bc ufhtrdf-

ufvjhtrdbc lf jhb lqbc ityf[dbc aekbc ufvjhsvtdf fh lfufdbo.ltc7 2cfhfv lffhbuf8

rjkf rjzkj,-rjzkj,bs uf[fy[fklf82 [dfk cfqfvjc aekcfw vbenfy= 2 pfmhjv cfhfc sdfkt,b lfe,hbfkf82 kfvfpj7 ity [jv rfhub ,bzb [fh7 thsb rdbhf vfwfkt7 bylfeht,c ufd-

.blb lf xtvb [tkbs vjubnfy7 vtht se ubylf vrbs[fj,fib bctd erfy lfvb,-heyt7 rfhub7 kfvfpj0 2 cfhfv rdbhbrtc sdfkb xferhf8

2 rfhub7 thsb rdbhf b.jc7 2 rdbhbrt ufn.lf8pfmhjc uftwbyf lf cfhfc [tkb ufeidf82 tuht7 it j[thj7 [tkb cek xfvbkeh]lf7 mvfhvf hjv yf[jc hf des[-

hf9 bwb7 hjujhb tzdbfyb v.fdc= 2 cfhfv tc yfnrtyb [tkbc chtcbs smdf82 tzdbfyb7 ityvf vptv7 itysdbc ]th fhfdbc e,ortybf82 dbyf7 ufsf[cbht,ekj= dbc7 kefpt hjv fv,j,ty7 n.ebkbf7 hfvltyb vt[-

dtof7 vfuhfv fb7 xffaehs[jc7 2 cfhfv vfh]dtyf [tkbc wthb lf cfxdtyt,tkbsbsbs ufrtst,ekb hujkb sdfkt,sfy vbenfyf7 2 kfdfifptw n.ebkbf= 2sfdbc yfsmdfvc ,tztlb lfecdf8

2 f,f7 vfi7 dbcptf vfhsfkb02 dbcpt lf rhtzj-rjkfpt82 cojhtl tu fhf v]thf7 2 pfmhjv ufbwbyf888cfqfvjsb cfhfv kef hoveyt,ekb hjujhw b.j7 eybdthvfqbc oby lfbzbhf82 kef eahjcj7 ity rf,bytnib fh vj[dfk0 2 xehxekbs es[hf82 dfff7 cfhf ]bufhj7 ity se ubylf7 hfnj fh vjdfk7 2 kefv lfhlbvfy-

lekfl egfce[f82 vfiby oflb lf vtw ijhbf[kjc vju.dt,b7 2 cfhfv exehxekf lf vjc-

wbklf82 dff7 fh fhbc welb cfmvt7 2 kefv ekdfit,b tivfrehfl ffwvfweyf lf

cffvjl f&utht,ekb uekbs mfkfmbc cf,zjcrty ufcobf8jsf[ib itcekc [es oesib cfhfvfw vbfrbs[f8kefv cbn.dbc smvf fh fwfkf7 [tkt,b ufifkf lf cfhf uekib xfbrhf7

kjiyf lfeo.j8 cfhf wjnf [fyc uf.exlf7 vtht [tkb /rhf lf &kbdc vjbijhf82 t7 fvfc e.eht7 cflf uujybf sfdb0 2 ie,kb itbrhf82 hf vjubdblf7 vbhjyb uflfubdf02 fhfdbcib itutifkj7 ofhfvfhf fh utujyj7 mvfhb v.fdc82 se mvfhb u.fdc7 xtvsfy hfqf vjufh,tybyt,lf82 itysfy cfmvtpt vjdtlb82 tc hf7 cfmvt fh fhbc02 lfvfwf7 kefd7 ]th fh uflfvbo.dtnbf7 rfhufl eylf fdojy-lfdojyj8

pju rfwc hjv tylj7 vtjht lqtc mdt.fyfc ifub.hbc7 2 cfmvbfyfl smdf cfhfv82 vt tutsb fhf dfh8

63

2 fhf [fh lf vfufc hf c]j,bf7 ]th vfvbcvbyt5 bv rdbhbrtv hfqfwf lj.-kfgbfv qjht,b ofudfhsdf8 thsb cekb rjkfv hj lfubrkf7 bvbcb b.j7 jhf-cjhvjwlffsb vfytsb vjuds[jdf8 bc hfc uffo.j,lf7 vfuhfv pfmhj hjvfhb abpreknehbc ]b,ubhb vfcofdkt,tkb7 rbyfqfv lfud[jwf8 fb7 [tkb xf-vbkeh]f7 2 cfhfv vfh]dtyf [tkbc rf,bc cf[tkj ofbobf lf cbc[kxfmwtekbyfsbsht,b fxdtyf8

2 dfff7 e.eht hf emybf7 ltlfc denbht,= 2 kef lfbvemhf8 vtht wjnf [fycxfabmhlf lf lfevfnf5 2 mehlj,fib vtw xfvhst hfqf8

2 vtht hf ubzbhc7 vfhnj xtvsfy rehrehb ubylf0 lqtc .dtkf mehlj,c9gfnbjcyt,b vbofib fhbfy7 2 lffvidblf cfhfv8 2 hf dmyfs7 vbdwts aekb0

2 hf dbwb7 afmnpt lfezthb[fhs lf888 2 kefv [tkt,b evotjl ufifkf82 .dtkfathb vemsfl hjv ubylf7 wjnf ityw vjudt[vfht7 cfl ufujybkf

dbyvt mfkc trehreht,jltc7 sfy qjht,c lf bylfeht,c fhsvtdltc8 bwjlt7f[kjc fh ufubrfht,7 yehfahbc bvtlb ye utmyt,f= 2 cfhf ufo.hf8

2 rfgbrbw fh vbcwt= 2 kefv ewt, uflfo.dbnf82 bc ub;b rbltd hjv vjudbdfhltc7 vfrt ltlf qjhc ofudfhsvtdc82 ltlfc denbht,7 lfdbzth=2 tuht fhf7 se lfzthf ubylf7 cfyfv vjudbdfhlt,f7 vfyfv eylf lfbzbhj7

sjhtv cek fudfobjrt,c82 hf dbwb7 hjlbc vjubdfhlt,fs02 thsb rdbhbc dflf vjudwf82 rfhub7 vfyfvlt hfvtc vjdbabmht,82 f,f7 ity bwb7 yf[dfvlbc82 vjbwf7 tuht ofcdkf bmyt,f02 hf ubylf7 it j[thj7 fm fh itb&kt,f02 cflvt ofdblts82 dfkc hjwf vjudfijht,7 xtvsfy ifvfbfht7 rfwc c[dfufy ufdfupfdyb lf8882 vfyfvlt02 vfyfvlt ityb odbynkbfyb ltlfrfwbs uflb bjkfc7 2 cfhfv yfpfl lfem-

ybf [tkb lf jsf[blfy ufdblf8kefv ufvjcfrblt,kfl ofvjbobf7 vfuhfv sfdb itbrfdf7 vfublfcsfy lf]-

lf lf abmht,c vbtwf8 hjujh eylf vjf[th[jc7 hjv cfhfv bv lfvs[dtekvtwybthc aekb fh vbenfyjc8 hfbvtc vjbabmht,lf7 vfuhfv bc abpreknehbcvfcofdkt,tkb cfibib fhbc7 fh vjbcdtyt,c7 itb&kt,f mdt.fyf bct it.fhjc7hjv s,bk flubkc dby xbdbc7 gfujyt,bw lffrfhudbyjc8 kefv vtht hf myfc0cfl bveifjc7 hf ite&kbf0 veifj,f tpfht,f lf wjlybs sfdb fh ecrlt,f9fhw mehlfl ufvjlut,f7 2 dfff[= 2 [vfvfqkf fqvj[lf lf ie,kpt ufvj;jyb-kb wbdb jakb vjbovbylf8 f[kf eahj sdfkyfskbd ofhvjeluf sfdbcbcfveifjc .jdkbcitv&ktj,f8 hf ,tlybthfl fhbc vj.ext,ekb7 vbc lfrfhu-dfc dth fbnfyc9 c[dfyfbhfl w[jdht,f dth ofhvjelutybf8 ufyf itb&kt,ffv[tkf eakt,t,bc lfrfhudf0= vbcb .dtkfc tibybf lf gfnbdc cwtvty8 fhwc[df hfv &qdtyb frkbf7 se dbyvt hfbvtc bgfhfdc7 obkbc ufhtit kefc fhcnjdt,c7 lfnjdt,c lf sdbsjy hf vrdtlfhbf0 thsb fsfl fvjfltyc7 kefbctsb ,bzb fh fhbc7 sfdbc sfdbc afcb fh bwjltc7 vfuhfv fv cfmvtc hfvje[th[jc0 sfdib mdf t[fkf7 uflft[flf bc jhfcjhvjwlffsb vfytsb9 cf-hfc vjvleht,fw hjv fh eylf8 kef jho.fkc ief b.j lf ufvjcfdfkb dth

64

vjtabmht,byf7 hjv fv lhjc jsf[bc rfhb ufbqj lf kfdfifc vhudfkb sfdblblb qf,f,bs pqeh,kc ufvjcwlf8

2 hf cfyskbs cf&t,fhb uf[lb9 tuht bmyt,f gehvfhbkbc lf&dtkt,f0=lqtc rfwb otkib ufdo.lb lf dthcfl xfu[tkt7 2 kfdfif fhj[hj[lf8

2 bvltyb cfmvtt,b vfmdc7 gehbc cfzvtkfl dth vjvbwkbf7 2 kefv sfdbvjbcfo.kf8

2 tuht fh itb&kt,f7 hfw ubylf vj[ltc7 gehbc cfzvtkfl eylf vjbwfkj7sjhtv lfcecnlt,b lf itb&kt,f cftzdj [dtkf lfbo.j7 2 kfdfifv [bs[b-sbs uffahs[bkf7 sfy lfevfnf5 2 qflfyfc rfnfc hfvtsb [jv eylf /ufdlt7c[dfyfbhfl lfbxfuht,b8

2 fm qflfkfc rfnf hf vjcfnfyb b.j02 bc vjcfnfyb b.j7 hjv lqtcfw ufcfhtw[b lflbc lf vstkc oyjhc fv.-

hfkt,c7 tu vfbyw lfbzb7 ,bzj7 cfmvtib xtutsdkt,f7 2 kfdfif f[fh[fhlf82 vfc[fhfl fult,bc vfubth cflvt hjv ofdcekb.fdbs sbsj zbmbc lfcf-

ktdfl7 [jv fhf c]j,lf02 cojhtl vfu cfmvtpt dfh vjcekb7 ,bzt,b s[bkt,ib ofdblyty7 vt fm

ufvjdbfht7 rfb gehvfhbkb udtmyt,f9 itb&kt,f sdbsjy .fhfvfy dfcbkbxbwvjdbltc8

2 ityb vcufdcb vtuj,fhb fh vtuekt,f7 2 kef ufv[bfheklf7 crfvblfyofvj[nf lf kfdfifc udthlbs fvjeluf7 2 ofdblts7 yeqf lfdfudbfyt,s8

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79

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80

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vfqkf fcobf7 /fthb itbceysmf lf lfbqhb]f7 2 sae/7 hjujh c&kt,s fvcbv.hfktib0= 2 smdf lf sfdbc vth[bcrty ofdblf8

2 kf.t hf ptlufvjzhbkb cf[tkbf7 tn.j,f vfubcb ufvrtst,tkb vsdhf-kb b.j7 2 &kbdc7 fhf,eyt,hbdb [vbs smdf next,ufcbt,ekvf ifkdfv8

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2 vt kfdfifc yf,bzdht,bc uf,hn.tkt,f eahj vb.dfhc7 2 ifkdfc .jdt-kb cbn.dbc smvf ufcbt,ekb next,bc vofht nrbdbkfl e]lt,jlf8

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2 ytkb7 uf,j hjujh fhbc0 2 utkf ijhblfy itt[vbfyf lf vbcrty ofdblf82 rfhufl fhbc7 zhbkj,f fqfh foe[t,c7 2 ytkbv egfce[f lf rfkfvb

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rfkfvb afy]fhfib bchjkf8 ]b,blfy w[dbhcf[jwb fvjbqj lf [tkt,bc ufo-vtylfc iteluf8 2 ytkb7 v.hfkb cfufyb lhjpt vjufwbkt7 sjhtv itb&kt,fvjtofvkt7 2 es[hf lf bctd ifkdfcrty ofdblf8

/fvktnb ]th lfb,yf7 dthfahbc smvf dth vjf[th[f9 vtht ewt, f.dbhlf52 oflb7 f[kfdt fvjbnf7 sjhtv fh dbwb7 hfc dbpfv=

2 hfnjv fh bwbc7 hfc bpfvc0 2 ifkdfv ufrdbhdt,bs brbs[f82 vfufy se fh bwbc7 .fhfvfyfc fhfathb tikt,f8 tc f[nt,-lf[nt,f lf

sfdbc vfvfcsfy vb[nt,f7 .fhfvfyf 2 ]qfyjcsfy7 ]qfyj lfyfc fbqt,c7 .fhf-vfyf it/gbhlt,f7 ity jqjyl /fvktnfc rfkvbc uflfvult,b lfybs lfzthb7ubylf vjrfkb7 svfcfw dthfdby itubnjrt,cj7 2 utkfv ufyevfhnf8

2 vtht hf vj[lt,f0 uffuh&tkt7 2 lfyfhxtyvf vjcofdktt,vf cs[jdtc82 vtht vjdf ]qfyj7 sfyfw jh [ekbufyc ofvjb.dfyc9 fhw bctsb uekf-

lbf vfhnjv vj,tljc8 /fvktnfc rfkvbc uekbcfsdbc veinb-rhbdc ufvfh-sfdc lf rfhuflfw vbbn.bgt,f8 ufyfo.tyt,ekb lfyfc fvjbqt,c lf kf.t /fv-ktnbcfsdbc cbc[kc fbqt,c8 vfuhfv .fhfvfyf vfbyw dth eidtkbc7 pfmhjvfcofdkt,tkb svt,c cfyf[tdhjl uffukt]fdc9 bc rb /gbhlt,jlf7 svfcfwdthfdby itubnjrt,cj7 ofhvjublutybfs7 hf ecbylbcj,ff7 rfwc hjv it/gbh-lt,b7 rbltw eylf itechekj=

2 f,f7 f,f7 fct hjujh itb&kt,f= 2 ifkdfv .fhfvfybc egbhj,f lfuvj82 vfu .,tlj,fc ittidbs lf rfkfvb fvjvbnfyt7 sjhtv= 2 /fvktnvf utkf-

pt vbbobf82 sjhtvj7 utcvbs= ufrdbhdt,ekvf utkfv rkfcc uflf[tlf7 sfdc &kbdc

brfdt,lf7 ]byct,ib ufvjo.j,bk /fvktnc fh cwtvjlf82 sjhtv ufcrlt,f lf vstk rkfcc ffv.hfkt,c7 [jv bwbs7 kf.t rdthw[b

hf cf&fukfl .fhc7 2 ifkdfv smdf lf rfht,bcrty ofdblf82 ubylf fvjbnfyj7 hjv fh f.hjkltc0 2 utkfv itrbs[df lffltdyf82 f[kfdt fvjbnf7 hjv ute,yt,b= 2 /fvktnb utkfc cf.tkjib codlf lf

]fy]qfhb lfeo.j82 kfdfif vjubnfyc sfdbcb ]qfyjt,bs8 f[kf [tkb ufvbidb7 sjhtv bv

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rhf8 cfyfv utkf gfce[c xff,fht,lf7 vjcofdktt,b iefib xfeluyty lf uffidt-ktc8 pfhbw lfbhtrf lf ufvofht,ekb utkf sfdbc vth[sfy &fkbs vbb.dfytc8

2 tu ;ehyfkbf7 ufrdtsbkb lfvsfdhltc7 vstk ctfycc xfubnfht,= 2 /fv-ktnb lftvemhf lf sfdbc vth[bcrty ofdblf8 ytkbc bct uflf[tlf7 sbsmjcte,yt,jlf7 yf[t7 hf ,bzb dfhj8

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88

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ofdkt,tkvf82 thsb erdt vbdfv;fdt7 f[kf c[dfc vjeotdc= 2 /fvktnb ofvj[nf lf [tkb

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2 se tutsb vfufhb b.fd7 vfvfityvf uf,j hfpt vjfrdktdbyf ]qfyjc7 lfv-lufhb.fd lf [tkt,b utmybf7 2 ifkdf fluf lf /fvktnbc [tkt,bc mytdf ufvj-f]fdhf8

2 vfvfxtvb hf iefibf7 tutyb se cfmehlfjl thsfl lflbfy9 yflfdkb dthufb.dtc lf x[e,b bvbnjv vjedblfs7 2 /fvktnvf ueibyltkb fv,bc vbptpbufyvfhnf8

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2 hjujh lf bct7 hjv ]qfyjc uf,jcsfy thsfl vfqfpbf ufe&fhwdbf lfyfmehlfkb lfevfkbfs7 2 /fvktnvf cfmvtib qhvfl xf[tlekb rfwbc lfvf-]tht,kj,bs smdf5 2 oe[tk vfvfxtvvf fudb[cyf x[e,bc vbptpt,b8

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[tkafcb7 cfblfy ufmdc fvltyb0= fy ity bgfhfd7 fy vfvfityb0 2 utkfv lffcrdyf82 e.ehts7 hft,c ,tlfdc= vjovt ce.dtkf bmyt,bs7 vjbwf7 ufxdtyt, ctbhc=

2 /fvktnb f.dbhlf82 mehlc melb todbc= 2 rkfcib lfb&f[tc82 rfhub7 fvfpt kfgfhfrb ut.js= 2 ,t;fyf vfcofdkt,tkvf lfdfc othnb-

kb lfecdf lf f[fkb vfcfkbc f[cyf lfbo.j9 abmht,bs rb bub cek c[dfufyb.j8

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dbc tvcf[eht,f rfyjyb0

UFRDTSBKT,BC itvltu w[dbhgbhxfvndhtekb7 cbc[kib lf vndthib fvjc-dhbkb /fvktnb cf[kib hjv vbdblf7 ufvofht,ekvf ltlfvbcvf vfibydt .f-hfvfyc lfehtrf8 .fhfvfybc hbc[dfc cfpqdfhb fhf /mjylf8 .dtkfc lf .dt-kfathc kfy&qfdlf7 vstkb crjkbc vfcofdkt,kt,c vjcofdktt,bfyfl of-ktrdbs tvemht,jlf8

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2 fhfdbc lfhbut,fc lf hxtdfc .ehc fh eult,7 fvbnjvff7 hjv crjkfmehlt,bs lf [ekbuyt,bs ufbdcj= 2 .fhfvfyb .dbhjlf8

2 tc smdtyufy vtcvbc v[jkjl7 sfyfw vnryfhb vjyfzjhbf7 2 lby]flegfce[f pfeh fcfybidbkvf8

2 bmyt, fhw bc bwbs7 hjv smdtyvf vjcofdktv7 hf /mdbf7 uf,j wbcrfhbi-dbkvf7 bmehlf7 sfyfvjcfmvtcsfy dth itsfy[vlf lf fvbnjv lfzhtc9 crjkfctc trflht,f0 cfl fhbc gtlrjktmnbdb0= smdty fvbcfsdbc fh uwfkbfs7 .fk,bybiyt,bc othbs [fhs ufhsekb lf [ekbuyt,c [tkc sdbsjy eo.j,s8 fvudf-hb crjkblfy vjcofdkt hf eylf ufvjdbltc7 se fhf vrdktkb lf .fxfqb=

2 smdty cbwhetc .dt,bs7 xdtysdbc rb bv ,fdidbc lfzhbc yfvldbkb vbpt-pbf wyj,bkb8 hfw itt[t,f .fk,b ybiyt,bc othfc7 bub erdt fdrh&fkts9 fvb-cfsdbc seylfw smdtyb idbkbc vfufkbsbw rvfhf7 2 lby]fl egfce[f lbhtm-njhvf8

2 vfbyw hf vbptpbf wyj,bkb0=2 tc ntktajypt cfe,hbc stvff fh fhbc7 sfyfw smdtysfy fvfc fphb fh

fmdc7 hfvtse sdbsjy wbkbcvofvt,tkc dtcfe,ht,b9 xdtyb vjcfpht,t,b cf-sfyflj jhufyjt,c vj[ctylt,f8

2 rfhub7 fmfvlt fh ubvtnt,lb7 f[kf ubxdtyt, ctbhc=2 xdtysdbc pjubthsb [tbhb wyj,bkbf7 fhf vujybf .dtkf jby,fpj,fv

ufubvfhskjc82 bvemht,b rbltw0=2 rb fh dbvemht,b7 ujybthyt,bcfrty vjubojlt,82 ufuchtcfv= wb[tib fvjufkgj,=2 hbc bvtlb ufmds0 thsb ztivfhbnt,f vbylf ituf[ctyjs5 rfyjyb smdty

rb fh utvcf[eht,fs7 smdty tvcf[eht,bs vfc7 vbylj,bkb cfmvbc qfkfnb rbfhfdbc tgfnbt,f8

2 sfd[tlj, lf vjunt[fd rbcthc7 it ufb&dthfd= ye ufdbo.lt,f7 hjv vfugjcnpt xtvb o.fkj,bs pb[fh8

2 ityb o.fkj,f ityb vhtdkbcsdbcff wyj,bkb7 vt cek c[df cfkjwfdibdkjwekj,7 2 lbhtmnjhvf es[hf lf .ehvbkb lflj8 cfe,hbc ufuh&tkt-,fc fphb fqfh /mjylf7 hflufy .fhfvfyb vbcb itehfw[.jabcfsdbc cbn.dt,bc&t,yfc fh lfbo.t,lf8

.fhfvfyb ,hfpbcfufy flubkc dth gjekj,lf7 gfnfhf o.tyfptw erbleht-cfl vrfwhb fyufhbicojht,bc vj.dfhekb b.j7 hjujhw .dtkf itpqelekbujyt,bc gjcnbc vakj,tkb8 utuvfib vfc ,tdhbc ufchtcf /mjylf7 fhflf7 .dt-kf [jv vbc rfghbpt,pt dth bdkblf7 .fhfvfybw bmytdlf sfdbcb tujbcnehbbynthtct,bc vf[dbkc9 cojhtl bvfc zhblf7 dbcb lfwdbcfsdbcfw b.j vjoj-lt,ekb8 fvlty ufofvfobfib ahjynb &fkbfy uftzbvf7 fyufhbiufcfcojht,t-kb ,tdhb ittmvyf8 flht vidblj,bfyfl hjv tvjhxbkt,jlyty7 crjkbc vfc-ofdkt,kt,bw fe]fy.lyty7 vtht hjujh8 ofhvjblubyts7 cekfw fh tibyj-lfs vbcb &fkbcf lf qdfh&kbc 2 3vfbyw tc [fk[b hfv uffsfd[tlf0 .dtkfat-hb ubjhub cf.dfhtkb&bc ,hfkbf8 ufvjvbdblf tufw gfnbjcyt,bcf lf rfyj-ybc lfvwdtkb9 eahjcc bvbnjvfw fh tgbnyfdt,f8 fv,frj cbvjybxb vfubc vjc-

90

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nbvht,ekt,b7 hft,cf ,tlfdty0= 2 bct smdf7 sbsmjc fvbs qhvfl b.j itoe-[t,ekb8

2 [lt,f [jkvt7 .fhfvfy dfcbkbx7 uekpt fh eylf vfb[dtlhj8 ityb bvtlbfmds7 bwbfy7 hjv fh ufbvtnt,s7 2 pjcbvtv lffvidblf8

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2 hf fv,fdbf7 xdtysfy fh bsmvbc0 2 pjcbvtv wyj,bcvj.dfhtj,f dthlf&kbf8

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bc ,bzb bvbnjv lfzhf7 ufcfut,bf0=2 ,ho.bydfkt xfyfabmhbf7 2 pjcbvtv fphb vjeojyf8]bvithvf v[ht,b e[th[ekfl fbxtxf82 dth vb[dlb0 2 pjcbvt ittrbs[f7 2 bct eylf uffrtsj7 dbsjv ]qfyjv lf

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91

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2 eahjcc hjv cwjlyjlf7 rfhub b.j7 2 ]bvithb itabmhbfylf82 ity cfmvtc iteltmb7 hoveyt,ekb kef ujubyfidbkb vjut[vfht,f7 lf-

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]qfyj vfhnj fh fhbc

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2 ]qfyj-]fy7 welfl fhbc cfmvt7 bv ,bzbc yfstcfdt,b ubxbdbfy7 fk,fsityb lfzthf vjudbotdc7 2 kefv vbecfv&bvhf8

2 dth lfvbzths= 2 ]qfyjv fvf.fl smdf82 dbsjv hfnjvfj02 bvbnjv7 hjv vafhdtkb v.fdc lf vfufhb rfwbc uekbcsdbcfw xfdblbyt

tc cfmvt82 bc vfufhb rfwb dby fhbc7 /f0 2 kefv sfdb lf[fhf lf vfh]dtyf .ehbc

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pt [tkb lfbhn.f82 vfu ]b,tib hf ufmdc02 hf lf fb7 tc 2 ifdfl vjkfgkfgt yfufyb [tkib itfsfvfif82 lfvfkt7 fhfdby lfubyf[jc82 hf at[t,c vfvzfvty7 .fhfvfybc ,bzb rfhufl v.fdltc7 sjht= 2 pjh,tuvf

/fvktnc v[fhpt [tkb lffhn.f82 vtw vfmdc7 hfnj ]b,tib fh xfdblt7 2 byfyf itstv82 ityw ofvjutqj7 cf[kib hfc f;fyut,8 se vjdbyljvts7 vstk gfhrc

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102

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2 yfvldbkfl ewyfehbf8 vt [jv ubs[fhb7 hjv fhw vfymfybs lf fhw bctcfctbhyjl fh vwfkbf= 2 ytkbv ie,kb itbrhf8

2 hf vj[lf7 vfymfybs ctbhyj,f hf lfcf&hf[bf0= 2 pjh,tuvf ufbrdbhdf82 vt ctbhyj,bc fhw cehdbkb lf fhw lhj fhf vfmdc7 dbcfw vjcojyc7

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vsfdfh itvjcfcdktkfvlt vbdblf lf vj,heylf8[estekc hfvltybvt ujujw vbvfnt,jlf7 yf&dbc mdti bluyty lf cfe,hj,-

lyty8 ytkbc vjecdtyhj,f tn.j,jlf7 vjctbhytt,c fsdfkbtht,lf7 bmyt, uf-,jc t&t,lf0 futh uf,jw8

2 uf,j= 2 uf[fht,ekb ytkb vbcrty ufbmwf8 2 cflf [fh7 uf,j7 dthfahbsdth itd&tk ityb yf[df= 2 [tkb fh xfvjehsvtdbf7 rbcthpt vjt[dbf lf jhb-dt kj.fpt frjwf8

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103

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2 vfhskf7 uf,j0= hf rfhubf= 2 ytkbc ufe[fhlf7 uf,jc vrkfdib [tkbufvjclj7 2 rfhufl b.fdb7 vt uf,j ufvfwbkt,c7 2 fv[fyfu ujujc ufvjtvidb-lj,f8 cfvtekb hfbvtc smvbc qbhcfl fh xfsdfkf8

2 vfu vfpesbfy nhfmnjhbcnib hf xfedfhlf= 2 pjh,tubc utckbfyb yfs-mdfvb o.dbkbc cvtyfc vbcodlf8

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lffvidblf lf cb.dfhekbs fyst,ekb sdfkt,b itfyfsf8 2 uf,j7 hjujhw[jdhj,7 vjvb.tdb hf7 [jv bwb7 vt ityb .jdtkb yf,b]b vfbynthtct,c8 smdtycfcfv]th db.fdb7 vfhnj sfhcj v[dlt,f [jkvt9 bwb7 hjv fh vthxbc0 cfzvtkbvbvfmdc7 rb,tpt xfvjd]lt,b-[jkvt7 dfzvtd7 bwb7 hfvltyc dtcfe,ht,b8 lblb.ehflqt,bs vbcvtyc9 itysdbc fhfathb esmdfvc0 2 ytkbv bct it[tlf7 c[te-kbc .dtkf e]htlib cbs,j xftqdfhf8

2 thsb e.eht7 fhfathb fh esmdbf7 hfyfbhb uekxfs[hj,bkb &fqkbf=fhw ity vjub.df7 hfvltyc dtcfe,ht,b xtvc &dbhafc jwyt,fpt0

2 fhf7 uf,j7 fhfathc fh vte,yt,f7 v[jkjl .ehflqt,bs vbcvtyc lfvujybc sfyfvbuh&yj,c8

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2 vt thsb flfvbfyb vb.dfhc7 hjvtkbw xtvc cbwjw[ktc vbhxtdybf7 sfh-cjc tyf hjv /mjyltc7 utn.jlf7 hjv uf,j .jdtklqt fvfpt tkfgfhfrt,f8evbcjl thsb lqtw fh vbylf vptc de.ehj8

2 bc ,tlybthb dby fhbc7 uf,j0 2 ytkbc sdfkt,ib whtvkb ufvjxylf82 ytkb7 hf smdb7 bc ,tlybthbf02 /j7 yfvldbkfl ,tlybthbf7 qvthsj xtvj= vt gbhflfl vbcb viehc= tc

hf dsmdb= 2 ytkbv cf[tpt [tkt,b fbafhf82 f[kf vt dfh e,tlybthtcb flfvbfyb=2 hfnjv7 uf,j02 bvbnjv7 hjv sehvt itb&kt,f flfvbfyc sfdbcb sfdbc iehltc8ytkbv uf,jc ufafhsjt,ekb sdfkt,bs it[tlf7 tyf dth lf&hf9 fv ufvj-

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104

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tc rf[gfw fvfqfv ityb eylf uf[ltc9 vtht hfw ubylf bc e.fd7 ,jpfl ufeidb= 2pjh,tub jhbdtc ufcfujyfl lfbvemhf8

uf,j ,hfpbcfufy ufobsklf7 pjh,tuc vje,heylf7 vfuhfv ytkbv fh uf-eidf8

pjh,tuvf vfh]dtyf [tkb ]b,tib xfb.j lf lfvwbyfdfl xfbmbhmbkf5 2vblb7 bfht7 wjnf vjafht,ekib ufdblts7 vfu rf[gbc objrj,fc uf.eht,byt,7ityb=88 [jv fhf uujybf7 tuht lfufyt,j sfdb8

2 sfdb ity hjv lfvfyt,j7 mdtcrytkblfy fvjub.dfy7 ltlfc ubnbht,= 2uf,jv pjh,tuc itenbf8

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itstcsfy thsfl erfy uf/.dfs82 uf,j7 ye utibybf7 vfu ufhtoht,c sdfkt,c fvjdxbxmyb= 2 uffv[ytdf

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uf,jc lf ytkbc .ehflqt,f fh vbemwtdbfs7 upf xdtekt,hbd ufyfuh&tc82 ufxthlb7 sjhtv vbuw[hbkfd7 it yf,bzdfhj= 2 pjh,tuvf ]b,blfy yfuf-

yb fvjbqj lf [tkib itfsfvfif8vbcsdbc .ehflqt,f fhw f[kf vbemwtdbfs82 vfufc [evhj,f /ujybf7 2 itstc uflfekfgfhfrf lf /fthib bchjkf8ytkbv it/rbdkf lf uf,jc vjt[dbf82 lfzhbkb [jv fhf [fh0 2 fwf[wf[t,ekb [vbs ittrbs[f82 tutyb bc df;-

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105

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2 otqfy hfc fv,j,lb7 ufbvtjht= 2 e.dbhf lf cfyfv hfbvtc vjbabmht,lf7cf[tib vfufhb itvj/rhf8 pjh,tub lf,fh,fwlf7 vfuhfv uf,jc cf.tkjsb bcttzbhf7 fh ofmwtekf8

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pjh,tuvf cf.tkjc ufysfdbceakt,f cwflf lf uf,jc [tkb /rhf8 sbsmjcfvfc tkjlfj7 pjh,tubc cf[tpt veint,bc mfh,emb lfnhbfklf9 /fvktnbcvfymfyfv hjv vbfyfsfs7 kfdfifc &t lf,kf b.j ufi[kfhsekb8

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106

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2 cojhtl hjv .dtkfathb ptdblfyff fhtekb8 fvfib fv ,jkj okt,vfcf,jkjjl lfvfhoveytc8 hfw itt[t,f ybrj vfvfbfidbkc7 ,bzt,j7 fvudfhbflfvbfyt,b ,tdhb hjv ud.fdltc7 yfvldbkfl cffvehb bmyt,jlf veifj,f lfxdtyb lqtdfyltkb uf]fy]kt,ekb w[jdht,f8 tc cfmvbcsdbc lf [fk[bc ,tl-ybtht,bcsdbc sfdlflt,ekb rfwb hfnjv vj[cytc7 ths fv,fdc vjub.dt,bslf smdty sdbsjy lfhoeylt,bs7 o.fkb cfblfy bvqdhtdf7 2 pfmfhf xfabmh-lf7 gehbc yfnt[b gbhib xfblj lf ptl ybdhbc r,bkb lff.jkf7 ljmblfyo.fkb vjcdf lf lfbo.j5 2 ufcek otkc tlefhl itdfhlyf&tv lblb rht,fxffnfhf lf pjubthsb rjkvtehytj,bc sfdv]ljvfht lffcohtc8 xdtyvf ]fy-uekfidbkvf vtw ofvb.dfyf7 cfrbs[b vtdtyf[tj,fc t[t,f lf ityw lftcofhb7lblb gfnbdbfj8 sehvt lfdfkt,f /mjylfs pjubthsb xtvyfbhbc lfcoht,f8epfhvfpfhb rke,b [fk[bs ufbdcj8 itdfhlyf&t lblb hfjltyj,bs qdbybclfvpflt,fc vjbs[jdlf7 sfyfw hfqfw pqfghek wbahc fcf[tkt,lf8 f[kfcbn.dfib ufvjvcdktkt,vf nhf,f[bs uff,hetc vcvtytkt,b8 thsb hfbrjvbcvlbdfyb fvthbrekb dtkehb ]bib hjv fhbc bpf,tkf7 bvbc ufityt,fc bs[jd-lf7 ,tdhc bc[fvc lf itofvkf fh eylfj8 vf[cjdc7 vfiby ybrj vfvfbfidbkvfvbf&f[f7 n.tvfkb uffityt7 bc eahj bjkb vjcfdktkbfj8 itdfhlyf&tc firf-hfl to.byf lf lft]qfyf cf[t8 hjujhb cfmvtf7 fv aemcfdfnsf ufw[tkt,ek.,tlj,fc ybrj vfvfbfidbkvf wbdb o.fkb uflffc[f lf aezb nhf,f[bc leqb-kb xffytkf8 itdfhlyf&tc ,hfpbcufy kfvbc afymfhb itvjtzfvf8 f[kf ybrjvfvfbfidbkb ufvjdblf cbn.dfib lf fv mfhb[dtnbt,bc fehpfehc zrdbfyehblf cfmvbfyb vcdktkj,f vbcwf8 ]th cbn.dfib ufvjvcdktkt,b uffifdf7 hjv-kt,bw vjbs[jdlyty ukt[t,bcufy qdbyj itdbc.bljs7 bvltyb fmds7 utuvfcjhvfufl itdfchekt,sj8 ukt[t,c bvltyb qdbyj fmds7 hfw vjvfdfk vjcfd-kfvlt lblb vjvzbhytj,bs t.jafsj7 vfsufy qdbybc itc.bldbc vjs[jdyfrb c[df fhfathbf7 se fhf afkcbabrfwbbcrty vjojlt,fj8 f[kf bpf,tkfcufityt,bc vcehdtk hfbrjvbc vlbdfyc ehxbf7 rfhub bmyt,f7 cfmfhsdtkjibvtdtyf[tj,f-vtqdbytj,fpt gfnfhf lfhbut,f vbbqj7 sjht tuht ewjlbyfhbvjojlt,t,bs lqtdfyltkbdbs sfdc itbhw[dtyj8 f[kf itdfhlyf&tc ehxbf7fvudfhb esfd,jkjl dtyf[t,bc ufityt,bs dthw dtyf[t,c vjdedkbs lf cja-kbc vtehytj,bc c[df lfhut,cfw lfdfpfhfkt,s8 tc .dtkfathb rb [fk[bcw[jdht,bc ljybc cfpbfyjl vj[lt,fj8 fvltyb zrdbfyb [fk[b lf vtwybtht,bud.fdc7 ittrbs[ts7 lfhbut,f fh ufo.tys7 tuht obylfe[tlfdb fehpfehbsbvfcfw vjdcgj,s7 hfwf udfmdcj8

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107

vb lf hfv[tkf uekbcnrbdbkb buh&yj,jlf vbc cfe,fhib8 ybrj vfvfbfidbk-sfy bv thsb vupfdhj,bs bv[tkf tythubf lf &fkf dbuh&tyb7 vsfc vjdukt-]fdlb8 lqtcfw ,tlybthfl dsdkb sfdc7 hjv vfcsfy fct gbhbcgbh cfe,hbslfvf]bkjdf ,tlvf8 ofhvjublutybfs7 dbcfw .jdtklqt vfcsfy lf vbcb[tkv&qdfytkj,bs e[lt,f veifj,f7 hfv[tkfpt rvf.jabkt,b eylf b.dytysfdbfysb [dtlhbcf8

vfc itvltu hfvltyb ufudbzbhlt,jlf7 ybrj &bf lf[vfht,bc [tkc vbodlb-lf7 sfyfw vfhbut,lf7 tuht veifj,f fh bmyt,f7 [fk[b wjljf7 rjkvtehytj-,fw fvlty ereqvfhsj,fc dth ufe&kt,cj8 vt hf itvt&kj7 gfnfhf rfwb db-.fd7 xtvc ,hbuflfc rb ybrj &bfc lf[vfht,bs dfcekluvekt,lb8

vfkt ybrj vfvfbfidbkb hfbrjvbc vlbdfyvf ufvjb&f[f lf es[hf7 itdfh-lyf&bc lfdfkt,ff cfveifjlfy eylf ufufysfdbceakjsj8 firfhf b.j7 ereq-vfhsb w[jdht,bc fhfvpflt,c ybrj &bfc gfnbjcyt,f lf vfhsfkb cbn.dftvofhfs8 ufysfdbceakt,blfy vstkb tmdcb sdt wlbkj,lf itdfhlyf&tc it[-dtlhjlf7 vfuhfv fvfjl7 .dtkufy rtshjdfybdbs bwbkt,lyty sfdblfy8 tcfv[tkf lfvcf[eht,bc vmjyt qdfokvjcbkb flfvbfyb7 cjwbfkbcnehb ihj-vbc uvbhb7 sevwf vfc dfhcrdkfdb cekfw fh czbhlt,jlf7 bc ihjvbc uvbhbwb.j lf mdt.ybc thsuekt,bc7 rfwehb cbylbcbc7 yfvecbc lf gfnbjcyt,bc tnf-kjybw8 fb7 fctsb flfvbfyb xfvjfijhf [fk[pt pheydfc tlefhl ereqvfhs-vf8 ,jkjc hfbjyib itvs[dtdbs it[dlf tlefhlc ybrj &bf8 hjujh fhbcjcfmvt rjkvtehytj,fib7 tlefhlvf /rbs[f8 hfc vtrbs[t,b7 ityb lfdfkt,bsfh ufvfysfdbceaktcj7 ybrj &bfv egfce[f8 tlefhlvf rb bct itbw[flf7 tc hfxfeltybfs7 vt bctd rjkvthehytj,bc sfdv]ljvfht vujyb[fhj7 hjv ue-ke,h.dbkj rfwc vfhskf lft]tht,jlf8 ybrj &bfc rb vofhtl tqbvt,jlf7fvudfh sdfksvfmwc hf mdt.fyf ufe&kt,c7 dfb ity7 xtvj vhfdfknfy]ekjcfmfhsdtkjd7 vjqfkfntsf cf]b]uyb hjv ufv[lfh[fhj8 fb7 fct t,h&dbctlefhl ereqvfhsb xdtyb mdt.ybc qbhctek7 lfvcf[eht,ek7 qdfokvjcbk7ghbywbgek lf sfdlflt,ek vfvekbidbkt,c7 2 pfmfhfv cfsmvtkb smdf lfyfqdkbfyb sdfkt,b ,bzt,c vbfg.hj7 fct .ehflqt,bs hjv ecvtylyty8 wjnf[fyc fct vlevfhtl bc[lyty8 vtht uf,jv fvjbqj [vf5

2 pfmfhf &bfd7 vtxdtyt,f7 hjv hfw xdtyc hfbjyib ecfvfhskj,f lf &fkf-lj,f [lt,f7 ptdblfy lfo.t,ekb qfkfnbc ufvj&f[bkbf8

2 yfvldbkfl8 xdtyb e,tleht,f ptdblfy vjlbc8 cfdfkfkj rb bc fhbc7hjv lfnfwt,f7 &fhwdf-h,tdf7 vbotht,b7 fsfcudfhb sdfksvfmwj,f7 itdfhl-yf&bc vjcdkbc itvltu hjv lfbythuf7 eahj lf eahj lfvfyuhtdtk &fkfcb&tyc8 se rb dbyvtc itcotdc eyfhb lf df;rfwj,f fvudfh fhfvpflt,c obyfqelutc7 vfc fy cgj,ty7 fy upblfy bijht,ty ybrj &bfc vcufdcfl8 fctf7 xtvjuf,j7 xdtyb lqtdfyltkb dbsfht,f8 [dfkbyltkb rb eahj efhtcb bmyt,ffvfs [tkib7 2 pfmfhfv [tkb ebvtljl xfbmybf8 ,bzt,b xevfl bc[lyty lf [vbcfvjqt,bc cehdbkc fh fv;qfdyt,lyty8 pfmfhfv bctsb hfv vje.dfs7 hjv bvt-lbc [ctyt,fw fh lfenjdfs8

2 f[kf hfc fgbht,7 uf,j7 [dfk hjvtk cffspt xfvj[dfk0 ,byllt,f7lhjpt oflb7 2 cbxevt bctd pfmfhfv lffhqdbf8

2 lhj hfqfpt lfdrfhuj7 fm lfdhxt,b lf [dfk lbkbsdt lfdbo.t, vef-ij,fc8

2 ity rb ubylf lfo.t,f7 vfuhfv fhf vujybf7 vfufs if,bfvybc [cyfhbc

108

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rdbhfvlt vjbnfyjy82 vt lf gfzbrj fvfqfv kfatnbs vjdbnfys7 cfl fhbc02 ]th fh bwbfy7 dbc cs[jdjy82 bmyt, dbyvtv udfctc[jc8t[7 xtvj uf,j7 dbyw fv cfmvtc sfdb eylf vjf,fc7 sdbsjy esfdjf7 xdty

&fkbfyfw hjv udbyljltc7 hfc ufdfo.j,s7 2 ,hbuflbhb uekufnt[bkb b.j72 lqtc rbltd bctsb hfvt ufdbut7 .eht,b fhf vmjyjlf7 vthxbdyf8

2 hf ufbut02 sehvt xdtyc rjktmnbdib otkboflpt vtnb [fybf behbcn-rjyceknfl

ghjrehjh .fhfvfybc ,bzb veifj,c8 veifj,c rb fhf7 ufajhvt,ekbf lf [tk-afccfw lhjekfl lf c[dfpt vtnc bqt,c8

2 ity cfblfy ufbut02 lqtc vjkfhtcsfy vbdtlb7 itysdbc [tkafcb ds[jdt7 itvgbhlf7 vjuwt-

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2 vju[cybc7 2 es[hf uf,jv82 uekb fh vfvbrkfc7 .dfdb fahtyfpt b.j lf [tkbc fmytdfc tkjlt,j-

lfj8 cbylbcb fh vbidt,c7 fv e.ehflqt,jl lfult,ek ,hbuflfc vtw hjujhvbdfyt,j sfdb9 sjht ufyf qbhc fm veifj,f=

2 ity itb&kt,f vfhsfkb b.j7 vt rb lqtblfy7 fv oesblfy ,hbuflfib vjv-cdktkb fqfhf dfh8 cflfw fvudfhb ecbylbcj,f [lt,f7 veifj,fc fphb fhffmdc8 /jlf7 pfmfhf &bfd7 eylf vfgfnbj7 vt fm fqfh vjdfk= 2 uf,j qtkfdlf8

2 flht itb&kt,f rbltd vts[jdyf lfhxtyf7 f[kf dtqfhfathc dfv,j,7

109

itb&kt,f vtw vfu upfc lfdflut9 qvthsvf cbrtsbs ufnfhjc= 2 pfmfhf fluf7ifhdfkb xfvjb,thn.f lf ,ehqbc o.kbcfrty ofdblf8

uf,jv gfnfhf xfysf fbqj7 2 rfhufl b.fdb7 pfmfhf &bfd= 2 lfe&f[f7 [t-kbc lfmytdbs ufvjtvidblj,f lf f[kfl xfvjojkbk ,bylc itthbf8

vfkt gfzbrj nhfmnjhbs ofvjtobf82 pfmfhf &bfv ufvjvfulj7 b7 ,bzc lftobt lf cf[kfvlt vbb.dfyt7 fv ,yt-

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UF,JC ieif,fylib vpbc c[bdb vbfluf lf &bkbc ufuh&tkt,bc cfiefkt,ffh vbcwf8 fluf7 ufhts nhecbc fvfhf ufdblf lf rb,tpt xfvj]lf8 sfhcjvvfcsfy vbbh,byf8 uf,jv [tkb uflfecdf lf sfdpt sfdb vbflj8

2 sfhcj7 ytkbv hf ubs[hf7 hfnj fh vte,yt,b0 2 qbvbkbs /rbs[f lf&fqkb vrthlib xfbrhf8 fvbs yfcbfvjdyt,vf sfhcjv relbc mytdfc evfnf lfthsuekt,bc se cb.dfhekbc ybiyfl kj.fpt tyf fecdf8

2 sfhcj7 ytkb [jv rfhub ujujf0 2 /rbs[f lf zrdbfy sdfkt,ib xf[tlf8&fqkvf it.taf82 .jxfq7 dbwjlb7 hjv ityw fv fphbcf b.fdb7 2 &fqkc bctd vjt[dbf7 vfy rb

kj.fpt tyf fecdf8fv lhjc qj,tpt vtpj,kbc vjvsf,fht .dbyxbkf itvjahbylf8 sfhcjv

bmbs ufb[tlf lf c[dfsf ijhbc lfb.taf82 ufeidb7 ye lffahs[j,7 qf,ef ltlfkc to.byt,f lf itb&kt,f rdthw[t-

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dtythf itvjdblf8 uf,j lfb,yf7 ofvj[njvf lffgbhf9 cf[kib itcdkf lf ifh-dkbc xfwvf eyljlf8

2 fhf eifdc hf7 uf,j7 tuht b.fd7 xtvb ye vtuthblt,f7 dbsjv pqdfpt dfhs9vtw ufdb[flj0 2 uf,jcsfy vbdblf lf yfsmdfvc dyt,bfyb cbwbkb lff.jkf8

dtythf vidtybthb b.j7 wbuybc mfkc /ufdlf7 kfvfpb7 vrthlcfdct7 vj[lt-ybk st&jt,pt lf vstkc nfypt s[tkb7 ufvzdbhdfkt rf,f bct itvjnvfcyj-lf7 c[tekbc chek.jafc vskbfyfl fxtylf8

uf,j vjreynekb b]lf7 ve[kt,pt [tkt,b itvjtlj lf cbhw[dbkbcufyufobskt,ekc sfdb vfqkf dth ftqj8

2 itvjv[tlt7 ,bzj7 fh ubr,ty7 ye utibybf= 2 dtythfv dyt,bfyb qbvbkbses[hf lf vbc vrdhbd7 ,hby]fjcath reyst,c veinhbc sdfkbs lffwmthlf8

uf,jv vfqkf f[tldf uf,tlf lf &kbdc vjf[th[f trbs[f5 2 hfpt itoe[t-,ek[fh0

2 smdtysfy xdtyb .dbyxbkf uflvjahbylt,f [jkvt lf vtibybf7 ltlkt,bfh ufubegfnbehjc7 2 yfsmdfvc cbwbkb lff.jkf8

uf,jc ithw[df lf sfdb lf[fhf8cojhtl fv lhjc .dbyxbkfv qf,ef ltlfkc cfmjhobkj hbnefkb xfenfhf82 it[tlt7 it[tlt7 tu ecbylbcj7 ufyf itb&kt,f vtpj,kbc ltlfksfy fvu-

110

dfhb hfvbc rflht,f0 2 dtythf f[bs[bslf lf uf,jc [tkb v[fhpt lfflj8,bzb itrhsf82 hf vjubdblf7 ,bzj7 ]th mfkbc [tkb fh itu[t,bf0 2 sdfkt,ib xffi-

nthlf lf dyt,bfyb ;byb hfqfw blevfkb bvgekcbs uflfcwf8 2 fh uto.byjc7uf,j7 vfu ecbylbcj vfvfkc f[kfdt ofdb.dfy lf sfdc rey&pt lfdflt,byt,8

2 b.jc7 hfc fifdt,c7 2 fvjbkeqkeqf uf,jv82 hfcfw tu frtst,c7 lfifdt,f fh fhbc02 sdfkt,ib xffinthlf82 mfsfvvf hf eylf lffifdjc7 2 uf,jc uftqbvf82 vfuyfbhb cfmwbtkb flfvbfyvf hjv xfblbyjc7 lfifdt,f fh bmyt,f0 vbgf-

ce[t7 ye uthblt,f82 f,f hf dbwb82 ity hf7 [jv fh ubylf vfu vfvkbc cfmwbtkbc cfvfubthjl flfvbfybc

ltlfkb vjbs[jdj0= 2 dyt,fv dtythfc cf[tpt ufvj;jyf82 tu cekfw fh vbabmhbf7 2 uf,j bctd ufobsklf82 vt rb vtujyf7 hjv babmht lf cojhtl xtvpt9 uf,j7 cbhw[dbkb fh fhbc0=

tu hfv ufabmht,byf7 xdty [jv vtpj,kt,b dfhs8 sevwf hf7 se .dbyxbkfc fhtrh&fkt,f ltlkt,ib ufctbhyt,f7 ity hf yfrkt,b .dbyxbkf [fh7 fhf uf,j02 dtythfv f[kf [tkb sfdpt uflfecdf8

2 fhf7 dtyth7 vt thsb oesbsfw fh ufdbdkt, uekib vfuyfbh hfvtc82 hfnj7 ,bzj7 uzbhc hfvt0 2 dtythfv sfdbc yfsmdfvc qdfh&kbw ufehbf82 hf eylf vzbhltc= 2 uf,jv bo.byf82 vfufkbsfl7 [jv itb&kt,f .,f.ehf ufubhseklf lf rfwj,bc wtynht,b

vjutifkf9 w[jdht,fib .dtkfathb [lt,f [jkvt7 hf de.js7 2 dtythf mfsvt-,bcrty ofdblf8

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2 b.jc7 dtyth7 hfc fifdt,c7 2 es[hf8mfkb itvjnhbfklf7 uf,j chek.jabkb vfvfrfwbc c[tekbs sdfkoby

tluf9 fqahsjdfyt,f dth lfafhf5 2 uf,j7 ity ujujt,c uflfhtd7 oflb7 hfvtxfbwdb7 sjhtv vtw flfvbfyb dfh= 2 es[hf lf vrthlpt [tkb vjesfseyf8

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2 dbsjv fvbs tidtkf cfmvtc0 xtvb cfidtkb fh fhbc= 2 dtythfv xfbkfgf-hfrf9 2 uf,j7 lqtc hfc frtst,0 2 vjekjlytkfl /rbs[f8

2 fhfathc7 ,hbuflfib veifj,fc sfdb lfdfyt,t82 f,f7 fvfqfv cf[kib bmyt,b02 hfnjv rbs[ekj,02 bct7 fvfqfv xtvb mvfhb lf ltlfvsbkb c[dfufy vblbfy lf8882 vtht hjv vblbfy02 qfvt vfhnjc vtibybf [jkvt888 2 uf,jc ecfpqdhjl dyt,bfyb vpthf vb-

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111

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117

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118

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119

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120

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122

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124

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125

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126

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127

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128

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pbdbs= 2 nbuhfyfv [tkb femybf82 ltlbitybcfv7 ]fv,fpb7 qjhc fhf utd[fh0= vemsf ufyfdfkpt ufcemt,e-

kj= 2 vfhsf sfdbc fvacjyt,c vbe,heylf8 2 vfufpt hfvt vbs[fhbs7 ltlfeylf denbhj8

2 kfvfpb wjkb /.fdc7 vf.dfkf /mdbf7 pjcbvt zhtkfidbkc .dfhj,c8 th-svfytsc vfubc ufhf;ib [dlt,bfy8 vf.dfkf ,b,kbjstrfib veifj,c7 pjcbvtcgftvfyc bm eybiyfdc7 2 byajhvfwbf vfibydt vbfojltc8

2 hmt,bfyj qjhj7 hmt,bfyj qjhj= 2 vfhsf nbuhfyfc ufvjtrblf7 2ityb ,jpb wjkb7 vf.dfkf7 lqbcbs ,b,kbjstrfib pjcbvt zhtkfidbkc hjvtrehreht,f7 qfvt erbltd itycfdt ufhf;ib eujhlt,f7 fh bwb0 cfblfy eylfbwjlt7 ltlfkvfij= cfo.fk vfhsfcfsdbc thsb vfytsb fh utvtnt,f8

2 hfc fv,j,c tc ij,tk&fqkb= 2 tklfyfwtvb nbuhfyf vje,heylf7 2ltlfc ubnbht,7 wtvbs ufu[tsmfv=

2 ,jpb wjkbc gfnhjyj= vf.dfkf ufhf;Ib pjcbvtc hjv /.fdc at[t,fot-ekb7 wtvbs bc uf[tsmt7 xtvsfy hf ubylf0=

2 it ufsf[cbht,ekj= 2 nbuhfyfv ob[kb ufvtnt,bs fvj/rhf82 dfb7 hf vb.j= 2 vfhsf f.dbhlf8 vstkb mexf itb.fhf8 2 fv eylbkc

dte,yt,b7 hjv vbcb ,jpb wjkb7 vf.dfkf7 ,b,kbjstrfib hjv veifj,c7 qfv-qfvj,bs pjcbvtc /.fdc fvjlt,ekb lf rf[gfcfdbs [vfhj,c7 tc rb vflkj,bcvfubth vwtvc7 f,f tc rfwbf0= vt hf dbwjlb7 se ltlfkb mvhbc yt,fhsdf/mjylf= 2 vfhsf .dbhjlf7 [fk[b [fh[fht,lf8

uf,hfpt,ekb nbuhfyf vbdfhlf lf cf[tib veint,b lfeibyf9 [fk[b cbwb-kbs bzfzt,jlf8 ufidtkt,f fy vb[vfht,f fhfdbc ewlbf8 vfhsfv cf[tpt [t-kt,b fbafhf7 ufmwtdf cwflf7 vfuhfv nbuhfyfv lfbzbhf lf eo.fkjl ehn.f8

2 vfubcb hf ,hfkbf7 ity ufhf;ib vf.dfkfc fxfx[ek at[t,c vb[tlt= 2dbqfwfv lfb&f[f8

nbuhfyf fvfy eahj uffwjaf8vfhsf of,fh,fwlf lf xfbxjmf8 bc b.j nbuhfyfc ob[kb eylf xftwf7 hjv

vbc oby uf,j rtltkbdbs fbvfhsf8nbuhfyfv [tkb cnfwf7 vjwbkt,f eyljlf7 vfuhfv &dhf dth e.j82 tc dbqf j[thbf7 vfvo.lb sfdblfy= 2 e.dbhf7 2 buht eylf dwtvj7 fmts

ufvjdkf dtqfh uf,tljc=2 hfw brflht7 tufw cbhw[dbkfl ithxtc ityc yfvecc7 [tkc dtqfh lffrf-

ht,7 bwjlt= 2 uf,jv fdbcvjvfcofdt,tkb vemfhbs uffahs[bkf82 tc dbqf kfobhfrbf7 uflfbrfhut fmtlfy= 2 nbuhfyfv gthfyupt [tkb

vjczblf lf sfdbcfrty vjmfxf8uf,jv vfuhfl /rhf [tkb7 nbuhfyf erfy uflfmfylf7 dbqfwfv [tkb itfidt-

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ofb.dfytc8ve[kt,pt lfxjmbkb vfhsf jhbdt [tkbs w[dbhblfy lf next,blfy uf-

vj;jybk cbc[kc cf[tpt buktclf8

129

130

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2 fhf eifdc7 lfbcdfhjc7 vjbovbylt8[fk[b ytk-ytkf ufbafynf7 .dtkfv sfdbc cfmvtc vbfrbs[f9 ituhjdbkb

ecfmveht,bw vbbvfkyty8vfhsf at[pt &kbdc bluf82 f[kf cfl of[dfk0 2 uf,jv /rbs[f82 fh dbwb8cf[kb fhf ufmdc02 hjujh fhf7 ovbylf ubjhuib8uf,j dth vb[dlf7 tujyf7 cbrdlbkc yfnhj,cj82 ,jkjc .dtkf bm vbdf7 vfyfvlt rb cbwjw[ktf cfzbhj82 /jjj= 2 vfhsfc uferdbhlf82 xtvsfy ofvjlb7 lfb,fyt7 lfbcdtyt7 vtht cflfw ubylf oflb82 fh ufvfult,02 fhf8 thsb sfhcj v.fdc7 &fkbfy rtsbkb &fqkbf7 gbhbmbs7 ufe[fhlt-

,f9 vfhnj vjo.tybkbf7 2 uf,jv vfhsfc [tkb ufvjclj lf ytkb yf,b]bsofb.dfyf8 ufhsj,bc vj.dfht j,bdfntkt,b wyj,bcvj.dfht vpthbs vbfwb-kt,lyty8

sfhcj jhbdtc relbc v[bfhekb mytdbs ittut,f82 sfhcj7 fvbthblfy fvfc fh eylf thxjkj= 2 uf,jv e,h&fyf8 2 xdtybfybf8vfhsfv cbc[kbfyb gfknj lf gb]frb ufb[flf9 uf,jv cfgjyb ufvjenfyf7

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2 vfhsfc ibib dbyf smdf8 f/f7 aekb7 lfuzbhlt,f7 2 thsb vezf vfytsbf-yt,b vbfojlf8

2 ity umjyltc8 vt w[jdht,fc eaekjlfw df[th[t,82 dfff= tc dby .jabkf7 ttt= 2 vfhsfc uferdbhlf82 vt ofdtlb7 fh itvfhw[dbyj=2 vjrdltc vfhsf= 2 [tkb vrthlpt lfbhn.f lf mexfvlt uffwbkf82 sfhcj7 ofvjlb7 ytkbc ufdefhjs7 cfvtuhtkjlfy bmyt, xfvjdblf9 fv-

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131

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hfv uflfbabmhf8 2 rfhufl b.fdb7 idbkj7 hjujhw xfvjdf7 dtn.db lf uyf-[fdc9 vt ubylf fh des[hf7 vfbywf uyf[fdc7 2 lfevfnf7 ijhblfy gbh]dfhbuflfcothf lf erfy dbidbibs uf,heylf8 2 ebvt mf7 ufujybkf0 b ujuj sdf-kbs fqfh eylf lfvfyf[jy0=

vj[ewvf hf bwjlf7 hjv vij,kt,b ytkbc xfvj.dfyfc thblt,jlyty7 hf-sf uf,jcsfy it[dtlhbc itvs[dtdfib .fhfvfybc dthfuj,bs itytkt,ekb&fkflj,bc vc[dthgkb fh ufv[lfhb.dyty8

fhw utkf lf ifkdf xfvjdblyty7 cfpfa[ekj fhlfltut,pt cneltynehcfveifj ,hbuflfib lfhxtybkb.dyty8

cf[kib hjv lf,heylf7 vfhsfv .dtkfathb lforhbfkt,ekb lff[dtlhf9sdbsjyfw t,fyfdf8

2 cfzvtkb fh ubylf0 2 vpheydtkb flfvbfybc njybs /rbs[f82 vbylf rb fhf7 bct vibf7 kfvbc [jhwpt dbr,byj7 2 uf,jv cbwbkbs

egfce[f82 f,f cf[kib ofvjlb8 vfhsfc vfqfpbfib ufcdkf vjtcohj7 vstkb xfysf rjycthdt,b lf &t[db

vjtnfyf9 tc b.j vbcb .jdtklqbehb cfzvtkb7 ,tdhbc vjnfybs ufvj[fnf sf-dbcb gfnbdbcwtvf lf j,jkb ,bzbcflvb pheydf8

2 vtwf vibjlf7 ity utkjlt,jlb7 2 smdf lf &t[dc lblb yfzthb vjfnt[f8 2 vjbwf7 ceahf ufdifkjs82 ]th dzfvjs lf vtht ufdifkjs7 2 vfhsfv uf,jc &t[dbc vjphlbkb

yfzthb lf gehb vbfojlf82 rfhub7 hf[fy tuht ubylf7 2 uf,jv ufvjfhsdf8sfhcj next,bc kjrdbs it/.eht,lf82 fvfcfw ibf0 2 vfhsfv brbs[f82 tufw xtvc lqtibf8 ity fzfvt8 vbutxdtdf8 se vt fh des[fh7 bct ityc

vbodlbkc fh itzfvc82 dbyf .jabkf7 t= 2 vfhsfv ufbrdbhdf lf &t[dbc yfzthb vbfojlf8sfhcjv next,pt tyf vjbcdf lf uf,jc uf[tlf82 ufvjfhsdb7 sfhcj7 xdtybfybf7 2 uf,jv yt,f lfhsj8sfhcjv &t[dbc yfzthb ahs[bkfl ufvjfhsdf lf .,bc hfvltybvt vjmyt-

dbs uflf.kfgf82 tc hf zrdbfyb dbyvtf t7 pju flfvbfycf c]j,bf9 rjycthdcfw zfvc02 .dtkfathc zfvc7 flfvbfybdbsff8vfhsfv rjycthdb ufzhf lf mbkbs lfeluf82 staipt lfec[b7 itb&kt,f nexb ufbzhfc82 vfhskf7 t7 2 vfhsfv vtjht mbkf uf[cyf lf staipt lfec[f8

132

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ufthsj82 sfdpt [tkb uflfdecdf02 ]th fhf7 wjnf vbutxdbjc82 xtvb &vf [fh7 fb7 sfhcj7 yf[t7 hjujh ufufcemj8 ovbylf ubjhuibw

ofub.dfy8 [jv ufvfnfy0 2 uf,jc /rbs[f82 se rfhufl vjbmwtdb7 ufufnfy82 it j[thj7 xtvb welfl vjmwtdf dbyf smdf82 /jlf7 vfiby sfhcj sdbsjy ufvju.dt,f82 ]bufhb [fh= 2 uf,jc v[fhpt [tkb lffhn.f8lhj v[bfhekfl uffnfhtc8It,byllf8882 f[kf vt ovbylf ubjhuib ofdfk7 2 vfhsfv gb]frb xfbwdf lf [tkib

gfknj fbqj82 ovbylf ubjhuib ityb vnthb ofdbltc7 ]th cfvfubcj hf uzbhc= 2 cbwb-

kbs es[hf uf,jv82 xtvb cf[kb bm fhb7 se ubylf ths[tk ufxdtyt,82 ltlfxtvb bm vfh[bf8 [ibhfl vbdlbdfh-[jkvt cfyf[fdfl82 vfhskf0 vfxdtyt thsb7 buht ufdforhbfkj hjv= 2 f[kf ofdtlb82 cfl vb[dfk02 ovbylf ubjhuib82 [evhj,02 fhf8 trktcbfib thsb gfnfhf jsf[b vfmdc7 cek bm db&byt,-[jkvt9 ,fh-

ubw bm vfmdc82 vjlb fm7 2 uf,jv vfhsf ieif,fylbc udthlbs gfnfhf jsf[ib itb.dfyf8

2 tc ityb jsf[b bmyt,f8 cf[kbc ufcfqt,bw [jv bwb7 cfl ltdc9 fhw &fqkbuthxbc8 hjwf ubylf7 vjlb lf flfvbfyehfl lfb&byt7 vfu jsf[ib fhfdbyitutwbkt,f9 se fh vjuojyc7 cflfw ubylf bm vjto.t8

2 dbi7 hf rfhubf= vfi ovbylf ubjhuib fqfh ofdblt02 xfsdfkt7 hjv cf[kb ufmdc8 cflfw rfhufl buh&yj sfdb7 bm b.fd7 trkt-

cbfib vfhnj wjldf [fh8 vt vfkt veifj,fc lfdbo.t,8 hjwf ubylf vjlb7 sevjutojyf7 cek fm bw[jdht7 fhfdby ubikbc8

2 dfff= tc dbyf .jabkf t= wjlj fhf [fh7 j,kfl hjv lfhxb02 hf de.js7 fvfc dby eidtkbc82 vt vju[tlfd ityw lf ltlfitybc cfakfdcfw9 ltlfcfdbs vjubdkb8 tc

&fqkb rb xtvb &vf bmyt,f8 ltlfc denbht, .dtkfc7 vfbwfljy7 vt fh vtpfht,f8ltlfitybc cfakfdb hf flubkfc fhb0

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2 ofdtlb8 vjd&t,yb7 hjujhvt dbgjdyb82 cfzvtkb vfbyw ofbqt82 fm fh fhbc8 hjwf vfvibdf7 dzfv8 vjubnfy rbltw8 bv xtv jsf[c [tkb fh

133

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2 ,bzj7 ujuj f[kjc fh utrfht,f7 vfiby &fkf eylf db[vfhjs8 se fvfcuflfdo.dtnfds7 wjnf lfabmht,ff cfzbhj7 sjhtv itb&kt,f zbhfl udtmwtc8

2 hf dmyfs7 hf vjdbabmhjs0 2 /fvktnb lbdfypt ufcojhlf82 vjdbnfwjs7 vfubc ltlfw dfnbht7 gbhlfgbh xdtysfy ofdb.dfyjs8 cfl-

vt vbdfhlybk cjatkib ud.fdltc hfvltybvt lqt7 seylfw vstkb sdt9 yt,bsfh byljvt,c7 &fkbs lfdbvjhxbkjs8 buht ufde[flj cfmvt7 fmts udt[dtot-,jltc7 /fvktnvf se fhf7 hjvtkbvtv vfbyw ofvb.dfyts wjkflj8 vjrktl7hjwf bvbc ltl-vfvfc xfdf,fht,s7 erdt cfxdtyjib bmyt,f8 hfrb ths[tk xdtycfcvbdfqotds7 vtht ljvrhfnbdbs cek vfymfyfib ut]lt,f lf dtqfh vjbwbkt,72 itstv sfdbcb bvtlbfyb fphb ufvjsmdf8

2 &fkbfy rfhubf= 2 /fvktnvf nfib itvj/rhf8 2 fb7 tc vtcvbc7 n.bc cf[k-ib vbdb.dfy lf vstkb otkbw hjv ufdbltc7 rfwbidbkb fphpt dth vjdf8

2 smvf rfhubf7 vfuhfv hjujh eylf vjdbnfwjs7 vjabmht,ff cfzbhj8mfkfmbf7 fm .fhfvfyf &bf [jv fh ud.fdc7 e[vfehjl eylf ufdfrtsjs7 sjhtvbv fkmf]vf ujujv se .dbhbkb fnt[f7 ofcekbf xdtyb cfmvt8

2 t[7 pjh,tu7 fv ,jkj lhjc cbv[lfkt itutgfhf7 tuht hjujh bmyt,f8cflfw odhbkbf7 bm ufo.ltc7 vfubc ltlfw dfnbht7 vjdbnfwjs7 vjhxf lfufsfdlf= 2 itstv lfhlbvfylekfl lffcrdyf8

2 cflfw odhbkbf7 bm ufo.ltc= 2 pjh,tuvf ufvjf]fdhf8 2 se xfdfakf-dt,s7 tutsb vjnfwt,f hfs udbylf8 bct eylf vjdbnfwjs7 hfw vbpyt,b udfmdc7itdfchekjs7 sfyfw o.kblfy vihfkb ufvjdblts8

2 mfkbc vjnfwt,f ,fv,bc gtyndf cekfw fh fhbc8 se ufdbztlts7 cfvbdtcaekbfyb vfvt,b ud.fdc7 xdtyb idtkf fh ufezbhlt,fs8 buht7 hjv vihfkfl

177

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2 gbhdtkfl xtvsfy eylf b.jc7 vtht rb hjujhw ubylfs b[vfhts7 at[t,-pt vrblbf8 lbkb[jhbc ufcojht,f vbylf lf rbltdfw ufdbcojht,=

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2 vjrktl7 tu cflfdj fh fhbc7 se cfzbhj uf[lf7 rtyzb d.fhjs lf dbcfwvjeotdc7 bvfy ofb.dfyjc7 2 pjh,tuvf lffcrdyf8

2 uf,j hfc bpfvc7 sfdc [jv fh ufvjblt,c02 hjujhw ufbut,c7 ytkb ce.dtkfc e[vfhbfj7 f[kjc fqfh uftrfht,f7

vfubc cf[tkc fqfh f[ctyt,c8 se vfbyw lf vfbyw sfdb ufvjblj7 thsb n.dbflf vfubc ]fyb8 cflvt lfde[dlts lf vjhxf7 vt ity utn.db7 bctsb gfnhjyb/.fdc7 hjv h]ekfvlt b&bjc cfmvt se hf8

2 hf rfhub hfvt vjdbabmhts7 bv ytkbc ltlfv udlbjc7 mdt.fyf hjvuflffnhbfkjy7 n.bc cf[kpt fphptw dth vjdkty7 fy dby eylf uflffnhbf-kjc7 yjmfhvf bkjv0= 2 cfvbdtv uekbfyfl uflfb[fh[fhtc888

erdt vstkb rdbhf /fvktnb sfdbc vfymfybs ytkbc lfcltdlf8 vfhnj hjvvjtuljs [tkib7 fctsb vjvtynb dth itehxbtc8 vbcb cf[kblfy eybdthcbnt-nfvlt vbwbkt,f lf ktmwbt,bc itvltu gbhbmbs7 .jdtklqbeh vjs[jdybkt-,fl tmwfs8 hjwf uflfo.dtnfdlyty7 hjv bc lqt aezfl ufeahbylfs7 /fvkt-nbc cf[kib vbdbljlyty lf f[fkb abkvt,bc yf[dbs thsj,jlyty8 fhw qdb-ybc cvfc lf mexbc mfkt,bc vbgfnb;t,fc brkt,lyty9 ytkbc vjnfwt,bc cehdb-kb rb lfejrt,tk ;byfl tmwfs8

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2 vfufs zref se fh dfcofdkts7 tuht vjsvbyt,f fqfh itb&kt,f8 fvlqtt,ib cf[kib eylf ofdblt7 uf,jc dyf[fv7 hfbvtc vjdbabmht,s8

2 uf,jc ye tn.db7 [jv bwb7 hjujhb abw[b [fcbfsb fmdc7 itb&kt,f hfbvt[fsf,fkfc uflft.fhjc8

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178

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2 lff]f[t7 vfubc ltlf= 2 /fvktnbc &vfrfwt,b fqhbfklyty8utkfv udthlpt uflf[njvf &kbdc vjfcohj7 vfmfyfv vbcrty vrdtshfl

vje[dbf7 hfrb dth lff]f[f7 nhjnefhpt hjv fh itv[nfhb.j7 f[kf vfhw[-ybd fbqj cfzt lf fv lhjc erfyf vfh]dtyf ahsf vj[dlf utkfc lf nhjne-fhpt bchjkf9 vfymfyf ub;ehb cbxmfhbs ufexbyfhlf8

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2 idbkj7 cfcohfaj ufvjdb&f[ts7 f[kfdt vjdf7 lf]tm7 ye bvj&hfdt,7dby bwbc7 hf vlujvfhtj,f ufmdc7 2 mfkt,vf ehxbtc8

2 fhfathb vbzbhc7 rfhufl dfh7 nfmcb xfvjbdkbc lf ofdfk7 2 utkfvuflfn.fdt,ekb [tkb ]b,tib &kbdc xfb.j lf w[dbhcf[jwb fvjbqj9 cf[blfyxfvjltybkb cbc[kb vjbovbylf8 3hf lhjc nfmcbf7 .dtkf oesb &dbhafcbf7dby bwbc7 ytkbc hfc egbht,ty=42 fvbc ufabmht,fpt uff;h;jkf9 ief mexfibufdblf lf ufxthlf8

gbhdtk vfymfyfc oby [tkt,ufikbkb uflftqj,f8 ifd vfymfyfib erfyfcfdfh&tkib ufvjghfyzekb mfkb b]lf lf sfdgbhlfcbc[kbfyt,ek utkfcitibyt,ekb e.eht,lf8

2 ufub;lb0= 2 v&qjkvf .dbhbkbs ufvj.j sfdb lf vfhw[tyf [tkb vemf-hbs lfemybf8 2 it j[thj7 se cbrdlbkb ubylf7 vnrdfhib uflfdfhlb7 hfqfvt vb[lt,b zbhfl=

2 ityb zbhbvt7 &fkbfy cfcohfaj cfmvtf7 se lfudbfylf itb&kt,f flfvb-fyb lfbqegjc9 eylf ofvb.dfyj= 2 utkfv gfce[cfw fh lfewflf7 bct ofdblfrfht,bc ufvjcfqt,fl8

2 ub;bf j[thb= 2 v&qjkvf rfht,b qbkfrbs xfrtnf lf vfymfyf flub-kblfy vjo.dbnf8 rfht,bc cf[tkehc rb utkfc [tkbc cbc[kbfyb rdfkblffxylf8

bvtllfrfhuekvf vtjht vfymfyfc ufxtht,f fqfh fwfkf7 rfht,c bct twf8v&qjkvf vrdtshfl lffve[hezf lf cfcohfajl ibuyblfy ufeqj8

2 hf fhbc7 &vfj-]fy7 tc hfc ufd[fh7 uwtvtc0 2 ifdne[f7 [ezezsvbfyvf7f[fkufphlf v&qjkvf sfyfuh&yj,bs /rbs[f8

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179

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2 lfrtnbkbf7 nj7 oe[tkb cf[kib fh .jabkfj7 vtpj,tkvf smdf7 2 bcvtjht cflqf w[jdhj,c0 2 /rbs[f lf cnfhnthb xfhsj8

2 fdkf,fhib82 ,fhtd7 nj7 xdtyt,ehb .jabkf8cf[kib fhw pjh,tub fqvjxylf82 f[kf hf dmyfs0 2 cehtyfv sfyfuh&yj,bs /rbs[f lf cfztcsfy itc-

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ut.jkt,f= 2 utkfc sdfkt,b s[jdyfc7 velfhfc lf fvfdt lhjc hfqfw cf-dfklt,ekj vjs[jdyfc ufvj[fnfdlf7 hjvtkbw ite&kbf flfvbfyvf flfvb-fyc ofe.tyjc7 hjwf cfibytkb cfahs[bc obyfit vlufhbcfsdbc lf[vfht,bc-rty vjeojlt,c8

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cfztc xfahtybkb cehtyf ths othnbkc vbcxtht,jlf 2 lf&f,ekfl abm-hj,lf8

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ofdblts8 cehtyf vjubrdltc7 se ufzbhdt,fib vbufnjdjc=

180

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2 tuhtf7 &vfj7 vt se .jdtklqt fh dbveifdt7 w[jdht,f ufvstkfdc7 tuyf,bzdht,b rb w[jdht,fc sdbsjy stkfdty9 vfufs vcufdct,c cflvt hjv uf-lfdt.fhj lf zref vjds[jdj7 [ekbuyj,ff0=

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2 ity &fkbfy welfl [fh7 cflvt tmbvsfy vbub.dfy7 tuht fh ufvjdf7 2cehtyf itoe[lf8

2 fhf7 ityb zbhbvt7 lhj fh fhbc= .jdtkb oesb &dbhafcbf8 cohfaflbfht7 rbltd eahj cohfafl9 vt fyufhbic ye ufvbotd8 se lfudbfylf7 itb&kt-,f cfibytkb e,tleht,f vj[ltc8 lfec]tkj,bc uh&yj,bc cfafhmdti aemcf-dfn lf kfxfh rfwc cfibytkb lfyfifekbc xfltyf ite&kbf8

2 vfufsb vcufdct,b vbyf[fdc7 wbd o.fkib lfcdtkt,ekb sfudbc oheoeyf-cfdbs frfyrfkt,ekt,b9 vfuht,b bm fhbfy7 cflfw fhfdbcb ibib fh fmds7 2xfbkfgfhfrf cehtyfv8

utkfcrty vtnb fqfh ufe[tlbf7 cfztc xffahbylf lf vfymfyfc itcf&kt,-kj,bc vfmcbvevbs vbfmhjkt,lf8 rfhufl bwjlf7 hjv utkfcb lf bv ujujcidtkf v[jkjl cbxmfhtc itt&kj lf bcbw sfdbcb vfymfyblfy sbsmvbc ite&kt-,tkc bs[jdlf8

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2 uf,j hjvtkbf0 2 cehtyfv rfht,bc ufqt,bcsfyfdt brbs[f82 dby vrbs[ekj,c0 2 jhvjlfy uf,jc [vf ufbcvf82 f[kfdt fvjlb7 cfcohfaj cfmvtf82 jhb mfyxb vfmdc vjcfzthb7 lfdfvsfdht, lf fvjdfk7 2 uf,jv lby]fl

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181

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182

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183

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2 ]qfyjc dtyfwdfkt7 xtvbcsfyf kfvfp ujujcsfy vfufc fh brflht,7 2cfhfv [tkb ufe.fhf lf dyt,bfyfl vbt[enf8 2 se ubylf cf[kib ifdblts lfsbsj zbmf uflfdrhfs8

2 thsb mehlbf xfvjcekb8 3tklf4 se ufubujybf7 bvfc eylf rhtzjc yf[-df7 2 itvhbut,kehb njybs es[hf8

2 vfhskf ute,yt,b7 cf[kib fh fhb82 f,f cfl ofdblf02 ity sfdc utabwt,b se dbwjlt7 vt[est lqtf vbcb lfvyf[fdb fhf dfh82 cfhfd7 ye jqhfij,7 cfl fhbc rjkf0=2 rfhub hf7 ]qfyj7 rjkf hfl ubylf7 vt fm fhf dfh82 ity hfib vzbhlt,b8 vt rjkfcsfy vfmdc cfmvt82 vblb vfiby lf bcfmvt7 2 cfhfv [tkb yfpfl /rhf7 2 ity hjwf mfkbc

.flhb fh bwb7 fm hfc vjlbjlb=2 vbmfhdfc sfdb uffyt,t7 rjkf cfl fhb0= 2 ]tvfkvf e.dbhf8cfhf it[nf8 2 dbi7 tc dby j[thb uflfvtrblf7 t= 2 ]tvfkc ufafhx[ekb

[tkt,b cf[tcsfy vbenfyf82 lfltm7 cfhfd7 [jv bwb7 vt dthfathc ufvjvfgfht,7 .dtkfathb rfhufl

dbwb7 ubhxtdybf xfvjamdf=2 hf bwb0 2 cfhfc athb lftrfhuf82 .dtkfathb8 ity hjv uujybf lfafhekbfj7 &fkbfy utikt,f9 ubhxtdybf

odhbkfl xfvjamdf82 hf xfvjdamdf7 ]qfyjc dtyfwdfkt7 2 cfhfc [vf ferfyrfklf82 smdtysfy ]bvithf hbcsdbc vjlbc7 .dtkfathb dbwb7 ub]j,c7 lf]lt lf

vj.dt7 se ityb sfdbcsdbc rfhub ubylf= 2 ]tvfkb fgbht,lf7 tsmdf7 bwjlt7bv rfwc hjv .dfhj,7 rhtzj-rjkfc dtn.dbj7 vfuhfv sfdb itbrfdf8

2 ]qfyj7 cfblfy ufbut0 2 cfhf frfyrfklf lf vbc oby ve[kt,pt lftwf83hf vjedblf0 rjkfcb se tuht tibybf7 bv j[thsfy hfqfc lttshtdf47 2

]tvfkvf ufbabmhf lf mfkc es[hf52 f,f7 vjvb.tdb7 hjujh itufwlbyf82 vt fhf7 ]qfyj7 bvfy7 vt [tkb fh ufvbnjrt,bf7 gbhbmbs rjkfv jhb

butsb vlhepf7 at[pt dtqfh fdltmb82 hf ulhepf0 2 ]tvfkc uferdbhlf82 gbhdtkfl ]bvithfc lffhn.f7 tutsb ]fyb se /mjylf7 fh dbwjlb9 vf-

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sjyfw .dtkfathb ufb&hj lf bfnfrpt lfvfodbyf8 /jlf7 rjkf cojhtl vfibyifvjdblf jsf[ib lf ]j[b pehuib lf/rhf8 vtht vtw lfvfhn.f jhb pehuiblf cf]ljvptw7 f[kfw vtn.j,f9 ufyf brbs[f7 hjv &fkbs lfvbvjhxbkf bvufsf[cbht,ekvf= 2 cfhfv whtvkt,b vjbovbylf8

211

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cf[kib fqfh vjcekf9 ity [jv fh ifu[dtlhbf cflvt02 vjhxb vfvf&fqkj,fc7 lfodhbkt,bs vjvb.tdb7 hf vj[lf= 2 ]tvfkvf

[vfc feobf8cfhfc gbhdtkvf lf,ytekj,fv ufefhf7 lfhoveylf7 hjv ]tvfkvf fhfat-

hb bwjlf lf eahj ufsfvfvlf82 hfqf vjub.dt7 ,hfpbcfufy fqfh dbwb7 hf dmyf8 thsb vjdbltc7 ]j[bs

wtvf tuht fh eylf8 tn.j,f bwbc7 hfw vjtkbc lf bvfkt,f8]tvfkb vb[dlf7 hjv itwljvf lfeidf7 vfuhfv vfbyw cwflf vlujvfhtj-

,bc ufvjcojht,f82 ye bn.db7 vt .dtkfathb dbwb7 fb yf[fd7 lfodhbkt,bs vjd.dt,b82 oflb7 oflb7 .dtkfc vjf[ctyt7 at[t,pt vrblbf bvbcb sfdb9 hjujhw vj-

df7 utdt.ht,b82 hjujh vjdf7 vfufcfw dyf[fds7 bn.db se fhf cfsmvtkc0= 2 ]tvfkvf

[vfc feobf82 dfff7 tc ,bzb zrefpt fh fhb7 [j bwbs= 2 cfhfv ufafhx[ekb [tkbc

sbst,b bctd fqvfhsf83vfbyw hf eylf vjv[flhb.j04 2 ]tvfkbc ndbyb tkdbc cbcohfabs fve-

ifdlf8 3firfhff7 rjkfv ptl vbfnfyf lf ]j[bs cwtvf7 fvbc itvltu hfpt ufbm-wtjlf0 gbhbmbs7 vfibydt xtvc yf[dfc twlt,jlf lf .dtkfathc vjvb.dt,jlf9cfhfcfw ferhfdlf uelf-yf,flc lf fvbs 3tklfcsfy4 sfdc vjbojyt,lf8 hf-qfwfibf cfmvt8 f,f7 vfi cfhf tuht hfnjv frfyrfklf0 fy tuht hfnjv ufabs-hlf0 [jv fh vjrktc04 2 cfibytkvf obyfsuh&yj,fv itfrhsj lf f[kf sdb-sjy ufabshlf8

2 vjrfkbs0 2 [vbc rfyrfkbs /rbs[f82 vfufc ye vrbs[fd7 ]qfyj7 sfdb ufvfyt,t7 c[df lhjc vjlb7 .dtkfathc

vjub.dt,b7 jqjyl f[kf oflb7 lfvt[cty7 welflf dfh7 c[df lhjc vjlb lf.dtkfathc utn.db7 2 cfhf .tkbc ufvjotdbs itt[dtof8

2 rfhub7 2 ]tvfkvf ewt, uflfo.dbnf7 2 jh-cfv lqtib itvjdbdkb7 jqjylvfiby fqfhfdthc ufgfnbt,8

2 /j7 tuht mtyb7 tuht7 2 cfhf lftsfy[vf lf vfymfyfvlt cek [tkbc cvbslf vjatht,bs vbfwbkf8 vtht cf[kib it,heylf7 cfufhtjl ufvjto.j lf]bvithbc cf&t,ytkfl ofdblf8

]tvfkvf uf,jc cf[kbc fkf.fabc rfht,c vfymfyf vbf.tyf lf uh&tkb cbu-yfkb vbcwf8 yfwyj,b xb[b dbqfwbc vce,em vfymfybs b.j lfrfdt,ekb7 vfuhfvbct b.j fqtkdt,ekb7 fhw rb lfbynthtct,ekf7 dbc tresdyjlf8

uf,jv cbuyfkb vfibydt bwyj lf mexfib ufvjtut,f82 hf ubylf7 welb [jv fhfathbf0 2 fv[fyfubc ufyo.j,bkt,f vfcfw uflftlj82 fh fhbc rfhub fv,fdb7 hfbvt eylf vjdbabmhjs7 2 ]tvfkvf uf,j rf,b-

yfib vbbgfnb;f7 2 rhtzj-rjkf ufmhf82 hjujh ufmhf0

212

2 tzdb vfmdc7 cfhfv lf ]bvithfv hfqfw e.dtc82 hf eylf tmyfs02 ufvjhbw[ekb fh fhbc7 vjtrkfs82 ===2 cfhf sfdc brfneyt,c8 vtw bct vjdbmtwb7 dbsjv dthfathc vbd[dlb7 cb-

yfvldbktib rb jhbdtv thsvfytsc rfhufl ufdeuts8 bc ]bvithfc yf[fdc lf.dtkfathc vje.dt,f8 se xtvpt lfbo.tc yflbhj,f7 rhtzj-rjkf yfvldbkflvjrkekbf8

2 cf[bafsj fv,fdbf7 hfbvt eylf dbqjyjs82 dbyvt cfylj rfwc eylf ufdfut,byjs7 tc cfmvt hjv tcvbc82 t[7 ubjhub cf.dfhtkb&t hjv veifj,ltc=2 c[df dbyvt eylf ufdb[ctyjs7 gfnbjcyfl hjv vjtrblt,f fv cfmvtc8jhbdt xfabmhlf8uf,jc ,fpfhib vbkbwbtkb hjv ufvjtcfhxkf7 bc uff[ctylf82 bhfrkb abhfidbkb= 2 uf[fht,ekvf ofvjb&f[f82 tu dby fhbc0 /j7 ufvf[ctylf7 ufvjcfa[bpkt,tkib veifj,c7 &fkbfy

rfhub rfwbf82 f[kfdt bvfcsfy ofdblts888bhfrkb abhfidbkb cfujyt,tkib xffulj ,bzt,bc vjyfs[hj,vf8 cfmvtib

xfhtdbc eakt,f fh /mjylf8 cfrbs[b itcf,fvbc jhufyjt,ib eylf lft.tyt,t-byf7 vfuhfv fct vjmwtdf ,bzt,cfw [jv itt&kjs8 sfyfw es[htc7 .dtkfptcfylj rfwfl ity xfusdfkts7 dbwbs7 hjv cbvfhskbc rfhfvlt bdkbj8 hfmyfc0 hfbjyib fhfdby tuekt,f7 tc fv,fdb hjv uffyljc8 .fhfvfyfc ufhtitufvj&bt,fc fhfdby lfbo.t,c7 .fhfvfyb rb mjsfyc ]bvithfc cfcfhut,kjlitf,fvc .ehc9 itb&kt,f dbyvt gfnbjcfyb rfwb lfbzbhjc8 ubjhub cf.dfht-kb&t hjv b.jc7 rbltd itb&kt,jlf flubkpt ,h&jkf7 vfuhfv f[kf vskflfbo.dbntc8 fv,frj [jv .fhfvfybc lf vbcb fvacjyt,bc sfyfvjfphtf8 fhflf7cthbjpekb cfmvtf7 itb&kt,f .dtkfathb ]qfyjc ofvj/rbljy7 rhtzj-rjkfse yfvldbkfl vrdlfhbf8 lf.jdyt,f fqfh itb&kt,f7 ltlfmfkfmib ]th rb-ltd vtuekt,f [fk[b7 rfwehb cbylbcb hjv fvidtyt,c7 2 uflfo.dbnf8

]bvithvf ]tvfkc bvfdt qfvtc vbfrbs[f8 ,bzt,b obylf[tlekfl vjbmw-yty7 vstkb qfvt uf,jcsfy uffsbtc7 lbkbs rb ]tvfkbc ,byfpt thsfl of-dblyty8 itibyt,ekvf ltlfv vbkbwbbc cnevhj,bc itcf[t, vfibydt feo.fs8

.dtkfathb w[flb b.j7 ]bvithb rdfkbc lfafhdbc vbpybs efhtc lfyfif-ekpt ofdbljlf8 vfibydt bhfrkbcsfy ofdblyty8 vfyfw uflfo.dbnf7 s,bkbc-ib ofcdkfvlt cfhfc ufcfe,ht,jlf8

n.tib lfvfkek vfymfyfcsfy uf,j lfhxf7 ]tvfkb lf bhfrkb rb rhtzj-rjkfc cf[kbcfrty at[bs ofdblyty8

vfhsfkbf cfhf ]bvithbcufy ufahs[bkt,ekb b.j7 cf[kib ye ufxthlt-,b7 ]qfyjc lftvfkt7 cfyfv lfdbzthj7 vfuhfv lbkbs bvbc vjcdkfc fh tkj-lf lf n.bc gbhfc vjo.j,bk cfbylfehtib nhbfkt,lf8

2 bhfrkb lf ]tvfkb sfdpt hjv lffluyty7 cfrtyrbc sfcb [tkblfy ufe-dfhlf lf bmfdt xfbxjmf8

vfkt jhbdtv lfodhbkt,bs bwjlyty7 hfw vj[lf8 cfo.fkb rhtzj-rjkfccfblevkj cfakfdbw yf[tc8

2 cfhf eylf lfdvfkjs7 sjhtv ]bvithb vbc vjcgj,fc twlt,f8 rbltd

213

rfhubf lbkbs vjdtlbs7 sjhtv itb&kt,f vtht erdt udbfy .jabkb.j7 2smdf bhfrkbv8

cfhfc ibibcufy uff;h;jkf82 xtvufy hfqf eylf02 flht se udbfy tu ,tlb vfbyw fh fuwlt,jlf8 cfyfv wjw[fkb bmyt,jlb7

bvbc ibib fh vjfcdtyt,lf7 cflvt lfvfcvtycj8 ityb ,tlb7 hjv lhjpt vjuf-rbs[ts8

2 hf vtidtkt,f7 fm vfhnj dtqfh lfdhxt,b7 itb&kt,f lqtc vjdbltc= 2cfhf fmdbsbylf8

2 cf[kb lfnjdt lf xtvsfy ofvjlb8 lhjt,bs vbvqt,-ufvfyfobkt,tkibitubafht,7 cfyfv .dtkfathb ufbhrdtdf888

bhfrkbv cfhf wfkrt jsf[ib vjfsfdcf7 thsb sfyfvihjvtkb vbexbyflf vrfwhfl uffahs[bkf7 vbc lf,heyt,fvlt cfhfc bm .jayf cfblevkjlittyf[f8

fvbc itvltu ]tvfkb erdt sfvfvfl ufvjw[fllf cfvcf[ehib7 vfhsfkbflffudbfyf7 cfupehb vfbyw fbqj lf htbcib ofdblf8

uf,j vstkb cfqfvj fvfjl tkjlf7 ]tvfkb fhcfl b.j8 ,jkjc thsvfv&qjkvf es[hf7 hjv upfpt ]bvithf pfhlbfidbkb fdnjbycgtmnjhsfy th-sfl lf[dlf lf cflqfw ofb.dfyfj8

2 dfbvt= 2 uf,jv ofvjb.dbhf lf &fhqdt,ib cbc[kb uft.byf8 2 fh lfby-lj,c7 dfb se888 fhf7 fdnjbycgtmnjhbw bm .jabkf7 dth uf,tlfdc8 vbkbwbfibeylf vbdfrbs[j8 2 cfcohfajl vj&t,yf htpj lf uehfvb9 cfvbdt vbkbwbfibofdblyty8 ufbutc7 hjv ]tvfkb bm /.fdlfs7 lfvidblyty8 f[kf bhfrkbc bvt-lbqf /mjylfs lf vjsvbyt,bs lftkjlyty8

lfrfhuekb ifhdkbc rfdfkthb

N>BC cf[kblfy ytkbc lf[cybc itvltu /fvktnb lf vbcb fvacjyt,b fqfhufvjxtybkfy8 .fhfvfyvf ths[fyc b,j,jmhf7 bv ,fylbnt,c wb[tib fvjdfk-gj,j7 vfuhfv vtht zrefpt vjdblf7 sfyfvjfphtt,vf ehxbtc7 f[kf cfmvbcfv.hfkt,bc lhj fh fhbcj8 hjujhw fh eylf ittsbs[yfs wbkbcofvt,f7ytkbc ufnfwt,bc afmnc lf n.bc cf[kc dthfathb vje[th[tc8 fvbnjv7 hflufyvtjht v[fht fh xbjlf7 ufxevt,f fhxbtc8 [tkcf.htk vjvtync ewlblyty7hfsf .dtkfc sfdbfysb vtsjlbs ufcojht,jlyty8

uf,jv vstkb lqt ]tvfksfy uffnfhf8 lfec]tkj,bc uh&yj,bs uf.j.j-xt,ek ]bvithfc udfhbfyfl lftkbkfdt,byf8

uehfvvf f[kf rb yfvldbkfl vjbnfyf tktysf7 vbcb itodf ]tvfkbc lt-lfc fh lffyt,f7 rth&t,bw sdbsjy vjfvpflf lf js[bdtv rfhufl vjek[bytc8

htpj lf uehfvb itpfh[jit,ekt,b ofdblyty7 uf,j rb cfqfvjvlt ]tvfk-sfy lfhxf8

2 pfhlbfidbkb bhfrkbc dtqfh lfe&dht,f7 .dtkfathb [tkbcuekbdbsyfstkbf7 2 bvtljdyt,lf ]tvfkb8

2 ity rb cfcofekbs uflfehxb bvbc ,hz.fkt,c7 sjhtv7 dby bwbc7 hf zbhcuflfu.hblf8

2 vbkbwbfib buht fvb.dfytc7 fhfathb erbs[bfs8 cfrfyib itvfulj7 jhbc[dfw vjb[vfhf lf ujybc lfrfhudfvlt vbhn.tc8

214

2 fhfathbf7 f[kf sdbsjy xfvjbotht,f82 hj dtqfh ufdbuts7 hf vj[lf02 fv lqtt,ib7 fk,fs7 ityw lfurbs[fdty lf .dtkfathb yfstkb uf[lt,f8

.fhfvfyb ]th]thj,bs cfibib fh fhbc7 dthw pjcbvtc vjeodlt,f xdtyfvlt[tkb8 ]bvithvf rb fk,fs erdt lfbrfdf ityufy ufysfdbceakt,ekb cfrfyb8

2 jhbjlt lqt lfdbcdtyt, lf vtht pjcbvtcfsdbcfw vjdbwkb7 rfhub rjy-wthnb vfmdc xfabmht,ekb9 ]th udthlt,b vjvbhxtc8

2 vfkt tu cfhtdtkt,b fvjb&bhrdt,bfy82 vt hfqf vtyfqkt,f7 ufcfhsj,b hjv vjvfrklt,f7 2 ]tvfkc uftwbyf82 rfhub ufcfhsj,bf7 ths[tk cbrdlbkc uflfhxb7 vtjhtl [jv wtvbs

cekb fvju[fltc9 gbhlfgbh hjvfynbrekb ufhsj,f ufmdc82 fhf eifdc7 dfkib fhw xdty dhxt,bs8 ity pjcbvtc lf vf.dfkfc it[dtl-

hbc lhj ufbut7 thsb lblb fnhfmwbjyb bm eylf vjdfo.js82 ths rdbhfvlt ityb flujvf fh itb&kt,f7 cf[kib eylf b.j7 obuyt,bs

rfhufl vjufvfhfut,9 vtht rb itdenbjs mf]tsbc wb[tc82 mf]tsbc wb[t [jv lfdkfimhts7 f[kf sdbsjy mf]t,pt eylf dbyflb-

hjs8 vfhskf7 ytkb hjujh fhbc02 sfdbc nrbdbkb lfcxtvlf7 ythdbekb uf[lf0 2 uf,jc cf[t vjtqhe,kf82 vfhnj vfubcsdbc eylf denbhjs ltlf7 f[kf vt,hfpt,f7 tu ij,tk&fq-

kt,b bjkfl ufdeidbs82 vtnb hfqf eylf udtmyf7 [jv fh lfd[jwfdlbs9 rfyjybs rbltd dthf-

athc lfdfrkt,lbs7 ifhc fmts vjudlt,lyty82 bvtlb vmjylf7 zrefpt vjdbljlyty7 vfuhfv sehvt &dtkt,ehfl lfuhb-

fkt,ty lf ytkbc vjnfwt,bs nhf,f[j,ty8uf,jc uekpt rftifyb vjfodf7 hfnjvqfw mexfib ufdkf vjeylf7 ]tvfkc

ufvjtvidblj,f8 [dfk lbkblfydt itysfy vjdfkj7 it/gbhlf lf ofdblf8,bylitgfhek7 ghjdbywbek mfkfmbc mexfc vbe.dt,jlf7 ytkbpt abmhb

uekc eqhqyblf9 bv fv,bc itvltu v&bvt cekbthvf lf abpbrehvf nhfdvfv tcv[bfhekb ujuj uekxfs[hj,bkb uf[flf7 sfdbc nrbdbkb fh fcdtyt,lf8 v[j-kjl uf,jcsfy b.j sehvt vidblfl8 tc ytkbc ,t,jv cfblevkjl es[hf lfcs[jdf7 [ibh-[ibhfl vjlbj8 ufyf uf,jc fvfpt s[jdyf czbhlt,jlf7 vfuhfvthblt,jlf7 ytkbc vij,kt,c sfdb fh vjdf,tphjj8 hfvltybvt lqbc obyfstmbvvf ehxbf7 c]j,bf thsb okbs frfltvbehb idt,ekt,f fbqj7 lfbcdtyj7vjv&kfdhlt lf cofdkf vtht uffuh&tktj8 uf,j vfyfvlt ytkbc fdflv.jaj-,fc fhfahfl fult,lf7 fvbc itvltu rb cthbjpekfl itiajslf8 hf vtidtkt-,f7 ytkbc hfbvt hjv lftvfhsjc0 cfpfhtkvf tzdvf ujyt,f fevqdhbf8 .tkibvhudfkb ,ehsb uftx[bhf7 sdfkt,pt whtvkb vjfluf8 2 fhf7 tc fh vj[lt,f=fh vj[lt,f7 fhf= 2 [vfvfqkf ofvjb&f[f lf abmht,blfy ufvjthrdf8 ithw[-df7 vbb[tl-vjb[tlf7 vfhnj b.j7 lfvidbllf8

cf[kib vbcdkf fh txmfht,jlf8 jhb lqtf ytkb fh tyf[f8 ]tvfkc sfdbdth lffyt,f8 ytkbcsfy ofcdkf uflfo.dbnf8 lblb upf /mjylf ufcfdktkb7fo.j,lf rbltw7 &fkbfy eyljlf ytkbpt tabmhf8

ijhc7 mexbc vjcf[dtdsfy vfymfyf ufxthlf8 jhb ujuj rbcrbcbs uflvj-dblf8 cfztcsfy v]ljvvf ,bzvf jhbdt bmdt cf[kbc tpjib vbfwbkf8 uf,j abm-ht,blfy ufvjthrdf7 hfqfw bycnbymnvf itfiajsf9 yf,b]c fexmfhf8 vfymfyf.fhfvfybc ,bzbc vbfvcufdcf7 yfvldbkfl bc b.j7 bwyj8 bmdt fsbjlt yf,b]pt

215

vlufh zflhbc [tc vbt.elf lf lfsdfkbtht,f lfbo.j8cf[kbc tpjlfy ujujt,bc v[bfhekb rbcrbcb bcvjlf8vfkt cfvbdt mexfib ufvjdblyty82 lfhxbs7 &fkbfy ut[dtot,bs7 2 thsb ujuj cs[jdlf7 tn.j,jlf fv

,bybc gfnhjyb b.j82 fhf7 udtxmfht,f7 vfvfxtvc eylf ufdefhjs lf fvfqfvdt mfkfmib eylf

ofdblt7 2 /fvktnvf vtjht ujujc [tkb ufvjclj lf vfymfybcrty ofb.dfyf82 vjbwfs hf7 vjbwfs7 futh7 vujyb7 vfvfxtvbw vjlbc7 2 bc ujuj bctd

tpjib it,heylf82 hjujh vb.dfh[fh7 pbpb= 2 /fvktnvf vtjhtc [tkb vj[dbf lf frjwf8 2

vfvfxtvb dyf[js7 hfc udbhxtdc7 bmyt,f fv lqtt,Ib rbltd dbmjhobkjs82 ]dfhb fewbkt,kfl cdtnbw[jdtkib lfdbothjs7 /fvktn7 2 pbpbv fkth-

cbs itcsfdfpf82 .dtkfathc itubchekt,7 xtvj cbwjw[ktd= 2 rjwyf ths[tk rbltd vj-

fcohj8fv lhjc tpjlfy rfwb [vfehbs ufvjdfhlf82 /fvktnfc dtyfwdfkt= &kbdc uyf[t xtvc tpjib vjcekb lf lfkjwdbc

ufhtit hjujh ufubidt,= 2 gfnfhf nfybc rfwvf sfdb ufvjblj82 uf,jv rjzehf bwyj8 3cf[kbw xjkj.fidbkbcfc vbeufdc4 2 ufbabmhf82 dthfahbs dth lfdhxt,b7 vtxmfht,f72 /fvktnb uf]benlf82 tpjib vfbyw itvjlb7 thsb zbmbs vfbyw lfbkjwt7 ,bzj7 .fhfvfy dfcb-

kbxc hf des[hf7 tuht vihfkfl hjv ufubidf= 2 rjzehf /fvktnc [tkibcodlf lf [dtoyf-[dtoybs tpjib itb.dfyf8

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228

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229

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230

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241

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242

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243

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244

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245

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248

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2 ity ltlfrfwbc ufvj eahj fstyt,8 aekt,c n.ebkfl f,hfkt,7 rjkfd7mfkb mdfpt lf[fnek tivfrc lffvcufdct .jdtklqt ityb lelerbc z.dbnbybs72 lfsfv ufb[evhf8

2 itywf [fh7 hf cfmvbc rfwb7 dbsjv obcmdbkbc vt[fybrb umdbf7 cek fvj-ufyukekb lf ufs[egyekb lflb[fh7 uekbs hjv ubyljltc7 ltlfrfwb kj-ubyib fh xfubodtyc 2 [ehlf xff,fhf8

2 ltlfrfwc rfwb eylf rfwehb7 sjht ufs[eydfc vttdkt,f7 2 lfsfv [tkbvrthlpt lfbhn.f8

rfhub7 rfhub7 itysfy kfgfhfrbcsdby fh vjdcekdfh8 tut xtvb cfmjytkb7itybw dbwbs hfcfw ofhvjflutyc7 hfc fgbht,7 bctd efhpt [fh0= 2 bctd gtnjcvbe,heylf8

2 rjkfd7 vtcfvtl vj[dtlb lf ufgfnbt7 vtjs[tl7 bwjlt lblb x[e,b vju-dbdf8 gehvfhbkbs rb fhf7 rtnbs lfu[dlt,b8 [evhj,f udt.j7 vtjhtl tutsbvfbveyj,f fqfh ufvb,tlj7 ufbut0= 2 gtnj ,hfpj,lf8

2 gehvfhbkb sjht ityw vjpdthb lfrfkb8 it lfkjwdbkj7 vflkj,feylf vbs[hf7 mfsvbc [jhwbc utvj ufuf[ctyt8 b7 ujuj rbltd7 xtvb cbn.dflfb[cjvt7 ths sdtib xdty ,bzsfy mjhobkc uflfb[lbc7 lfyfhxtyc vfibyufuf[ctyt,7 2 rjkf fluf7 2 vpbsdbc vjvpflt,f fh ubylf7 ,bzb ecf[krfhjlf ufnktrbkbf7 bvbc vfvfc cfvb eyba[j ,fkqb c[df /.fdc7 ytnf bvfs vjef-hjc9 lfbcdb cf[kib ptlcb&tl lf dbsjv jhb idbkb u.jkbf7 vjefht7 mjyb,tdhb ufmdc lfuhjdbkb7 fh ufubzbhlt,f7 2 rjkf rfht,ib hjv uflbjlfrbltd vj,heylf7 2 rfhufl b.fd7 ]bufhj7 mjhobkib vtlelert rjkfc lfgf-nb;t,f fh ufvjuhxtc7 sevwf7 hf ityb lfgfnb;t,f vbylf7 vt ,bzbc vf.fhibdbmyt,b7 2 rfht,b ufb[ehf lf v[bfhekb qbqbybs ofdblf bctlfw zrefv[bf-hekb rjkf8

2 e.eht7 vfu ij,tk&fqkc7 hjujhb lf]tht,ekbf7 bv odbynkbfy ,bzccf[kib ifvjdeidt,0= 2 gtnjc sfdbcb yfsmdfvbc c]thjlf8

2 ye fxmfhlt,b7 gtnj7 hf bwb7 bmyt, ujujc ,tlb cojhtl tu fhb7 vfbywtutsb fhfathb xfblbyj7 hjv ,bzvf uekib xfbljc9 rfwyb dfhs7 ,tlbc ,jh-

251

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kib vbcek vbnhjc /rbs[f8,bzvf sfdb xfqeyf lf sbst,bc vndhtdf lfbo.j82 hf e[tbhjl buhb[t,b7 dthfathb vje[th[t0 2 rjkf fh vjtidf82 vt hf eylf vjde[th[j7 ,bh;fpt ofvfvwlf7 eylf vjdbnfwj-vtsmb lf

buht lf,qdthbkb vb.eht,c7 gbhlfgbh it[tldf dth ufvb,tlybf7 2 vbnhjvvjhw[dfl smdf8

2 f,f7 fuityt,bf j]f[b lf tu fhb8 bmyt, bvbc bvtlb fumdc7 hjv ujujvvjubnfwjc8 vfiby cflvt jhqj,tib lfe[dlb7 vjafht,bs7 jqjyl [tkc hjvunfwt,c7 .dbhbkb fh lfbo.j7 sjhtv vtutidtkt,bfy lf uflfufhxtyty7 2rjkfv lfcwbyf8

2 vt ityb bvtlb vfmdc7 rjkf &bf7 2 vbnhjv bct lf,fk [vfpt smdf7 sbs-mjc7 tibybf c[dfvfw fh ufbujcj8

2 qvthsvf xtvb bvtlb ye vjubifkjc7 vfuhfv hf dmyf7 bc amdbkbs uf,t-hbkb gtnj dthfahbs lfdbsfy[vt7 f,f7 ujujc rbltd vt [jv fh fde[cybcb.dfhekc7 2 rjkfv [tkt,b ufifkf8

2 hf vtidtkt,f7 rjkf &bf= jqjyl tc jwyt,f ifvbchekltc lf xtvc w[jd-ht,fib vtnc fqfhfathc dbyfnht,= 2 vbnhjc sdfkt,b vjeo.kbfylf8

2 ,bzj7 vt dtwlt,b7 vfuhfv wjnf ityw vbltm-vjltmb7 tuht hjujh ifb&kt-,f7 xfvjubidbf kfit,b lf rjkfc vbxtht,b[fh7 sbsmjc vt db.j ,tlbc ufvut-,tkb7 2 rjkfv [tkt,b ufifkf8

2 ity .dtkfathb ifub&kbfy7 rjkf &bfd7 se vfbyljvt7 2 vbnhjv sbst-,bc vndhtdbs vjhw[dfl es[hf8

2 t7 ,fkqj7 ity buht [fh vjoflbyt,ekb7 vjubrdltc rjkf &bf7 se tccfmvt fh ufubxfh[jc8 jqjyl sfdb fh vfvzhf7 [jv bwb hfpt ute,yt,b72 rj-kfv cbhw[dbkbcfufy ufobskt,ek ,bzc sbsb lfemybf888

vbsmvf-vjsmvfv lf fvltyvf kfgfhfrvf sfdbcb ufbnfyf7 ufflyj gtnjc.byekbdbs wbdb efhb lf ths vidtybth lqtc cfmjhobkj ceahfcsfy abm-hbfc udthlbs ufvjbzbvf .dbyxbkfcfdbs ufa[jhbkb lf cff[fkokj ,fcb-kfcfdbs vjhsekb vbnhj8

rjkfv f[kj-vf[kj rjktuf fh lfnjdf lfegfnb;t,tkb9 .dtkf sfdbcbljkbs lf ufhvjybs vjdblf8 vjrktl7 vbnhjc mjhobkvf vsfdfhfyutkj-pbc lqtj,fcfdbs xfbfhf8

hjujhw b.j gtnjvfw ufbqbvf lf cb&bc fv[tkf gfnbdbcvwtvtksf vf.e-ht,tkvf ytat-ltljakbc cflqtuh&tkj lblb .fyobs itcdf8

vbnhj cbvfvhbc cf[kib uflf,fhulf7 sevwf hf uflf,fhut,f eyljlfifkbsfib xfcvek ljkc lf jh ]j[c7 hjvkbsfw ufycfresht,ek itvs[dt-dfib erhfdlf [jkvt8

abmhbf cfqfvjc crjkfib uflfdblf7 vbnhj frbs[fdlf [jkvt7 hjwf lhj/mjylf lf fv ]f[bhib sdbsjyfw lffvsfdhf hdf rkfcb8 vbnhj bctd erhfd-lf7 w[jdht,f vljhtl vbtlbyt,jlf888

lbcwbgkbyf vjikbk mdt.fyfib7 .dtkfathb vjbifkf7 hjujhw c[tekibitv&dhfkb lffdflt,f vbc .dtkf jhufyjc sfdbc kervfl [lbc7 fctdt mdt.-

252

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vbnhjc ufvxfkbxt,tkvf cbvfvhvf cek vfkt vbnhjcfdbs cfqfvjc crj-kfib cfiefkjc lfvsfdht,bc fntcnfnb bijdf lf bvfdt otkc dbyvt ,fnjybbgjkbntc vjmhsfvdf-vjmjydbs vbnhj fuhjyjvbekb afrekntnbc lfeco-ht,tkb cofdkt,bc cneltynfl trehs[f8 vjrktl7 vbnhjc uffuhjyjvt,fcoby fqfhfathb tluf7 v[jkjl lbgkjvbqf b.j cfzbhj8

vtjs[t rehcpt hjv uflfdblf +hfibw ,fnjyb bgjkbnt bh]t,jlf vbn-hjc vfubth‘7 gtnjv jabwbfkehfl ufvjew[flf5 2 vbnj7 f[kf vbnhjc fqfht&f[lf7 2 ljkbc lfrdhfc sfdb eylf uffyt,j7 cbhw[dbkbf7 ity cek c[dfvjvfdfkb ufmdc7 tu cfvfhw[dbyj cfmvt fqfh utrflht,f8 cek vfkt fuhjyj-vb eylf uf[lt lf ityb ,hbuflbc otdht,b ie,kpt aehs[bs hjv vjufrhfdtyif,fic7 fh ituhw[dt,f0=

vbnhj lfabmhlf52 f,f7 vfi hf dmyf7 c[df hbc ufrtst,f itvb&kbf0= 2 vjbxbdkf82 xdtyb rjkvtehytj,bc sfdv]ljvfhtc7 nbnbrj ukf[jtdbxc erdt vjdt-

kfgfhfrt7 ]th thsb sdbs vtdtyf[tj,bc ,hbuflfib xfuhbw[fdc hbubs otd-hfl7 tuhtf cfzbhj7 [fk[vf sdfkb vbufxdbjc7 vtvht rb ,hbuflbhfl lfu-ybiyfdc8 bycnbnenc hjv lffvsfdht,7 vfiby rbltd dyf[js7 fm fhf dfhs8 fyt-nf vthujkehc esmdfvc7 buht ufvjdmyb veifj,fib7 ljk-ufhvjyb fqfh uf-f[ctyltcj7 2 gtnjv jhbdt [tkb ve[kt,pt lfbhn.f lf ofvjluf8

2 tu dbqf fytnff0 2 brbs[f vbnhjv82 mdhbdb fytnf fh bwb0 cjakbc rfwt,c vfubc lfyf[dfpt ytho.db f[h-

xj,s7 kfvfpb mfkbf7 2 sbsmjc mdtdhblfy fvjb&f[fj7 bct smdf fv mfkbcvbvfhs fhwse uekuhbkvf gtnjv8

2 rjkfcsfy fqfh ofdblt0 2 vjhxbkfl brbs[f82 rjkfc [ctyt,f fh ufvfujyj8 ity lblb rfwb eylf uf[lt7 vtljktj,f

fqfh ifuathbc= 2 gtnjv sfdbc yfsmdfvc othnbkb lfecdf8

mdhbdb fytnf

CJAKBC cflfkfmj [fk[bs b.j ufdct,ekb8 ibu hjv dth lftnbdyty7 ufhtsuh&tk crfvpt f[kfl lfahtybkb vthw[kbc ,fhn.t,bdbs ufvorhbdt,ekb.dyty8jsf[ib ufyfdbceakt,ek flubkpt hbubc vb[tldbs uflfbyfwdkt,lyty8 ufvjw-lbkb vjkf.,tt,b b.dyty jyjaht7 abhfyf lf yjqf lfkfmt,b8 cjatkib sfdbcafhsc fqfh dfv,j,7 hflufy .dtkf vfvfrfwbc sfdb cfdfhw[kbs lf vfrhfnkbs/mjylfs ufpjvbkb7 zjhbc se vfhsfkb fv,bc ufdhwtkt,bc jcnfnt,b b.dyty8dbyvtc vjyfxvf[c vjbcvtylyty7 hfvltybvt itrbs[dfcfw vbcwtvlyty7 dbsjv c]t-hjlfs lf &fkpt fbynthtct,lfs ibyffhcib ufhrdtdf7 bc gbhjdyt,f hjv ofdb-ljlf7 vj.jkbkc en.efh7 gbhesdytk itafct,fc vbcwtvlyty8

jsf[bc ufhts .f.fyb lf qhbfywtkb bluf7 ibu cfgfhbrvf[thjib rb lfo.-

253

yfht,ekb7 lfkfut,ekb cfe,fhb7 fy rfvfsb b.j7 vjrktl7 fm .dtkf thsvf-ytsc ecvfylf8

ewt,7 ufhts [vfehb ito.lf8 bct7 sbsmjc ,tqeht,bc odtekt,fc vbvbyjvuflfeahbyfj5 jsf[ib vc[ljvt,bc .ehc exdtekjl vj[dlf fv .f.fybc itv-ltu cfvfhbct,ehb cbxevt9 cfyfv vb[dlt,jlyty7 hf vj[lf7 rfht,ib gfnfhftmdcb okbc ,bzb ufvjxylf7 vjhw[dfl lft[fhf sfdb lf,kf7 erfy rb vidtyb-thb7 jwlfs[esvtnfvlt okbc mfkb itvj/.df8 vfqfkb7 vrthlcfdct7 cjatk-ib fhyf[ekb mfkehb cbkfvfpt lf dyt,f bct eiefkjl7 vjehblt,kfl7 ybf-dbdbs itbzhf vfvfrfwsf cf,h&fyt,tkib7 hjv .dtkfc tyf cfcfpt vbtot,f9lfkfmt,vf vfrhfnkbc orfgf-oregbw rb itfxthtc8

2 abhfy7 ,bzc smdtysfy vjcdkbc cw[dtyjlf8 hbuc itysfy lfbrfdt,c8n.behbdbs uf[lf7 2 smdf mfkvf8

2 xtv hbuib vjrhbzt vfu ,bzc sfdb7 2 ofvj[nf thsb rfwb lf crfvb itc-sfdfpf7 vfyfvlt smdty fm lf,h&fylbs8

2 fm lfcf]ljvfl cflf vwfkbf7 ,fdidc cfv cffsib ufvjdfupfdyb7 abhfy7 2smdf mfkvf lf ,fdidbfyfl rfht,ib uf,heylf8

2 ufvjupfdyt7 ufvjupfdyt7 fytn7 hjujhw vjdf fh dfkjlbyt,7 2 .dtkfclffcohj jyjahtv8

2 ufvjupfdyt7 ufvjpfdyt7 fytn7 hjujhw vjdf7 fh dfkjlbyt,7 2 qhtzbslff]fdhf abhfyfv8 2 dth ufbut0 2 bvfy abhfyfc es[hf7 ity dbqf b.fdb=

2 vt ,hbuflbhb dfh7 gbhdtkb cbn.dfw vt vtresdybc7 ufycfresht,bs butsmfksfy7 hjujhbw fytnff7 2 jyjahtv sfdbcb egbhfntcj,f lffcf,esf8

2 ,hbuflbhb hfnj bm fhf [fh7 sdtib ths ,jsk fltrfkjypt vtnb hjvfh udt&ktdf7 cfgjyb fhf udfmdc7 ,fv,fc rb cf[kib cf,yt,blfy df&hj,s7 2fh lfsvj gjpbwbt,b abhfyfv8

2 vfu cfrbs[c vfhnj vt dth deidtkb7 tc cfthsj ufeut,hj,bc ,hfkbf8fhw xdty dfhs vfhskt,b7 utuvbc itchekt,fvlt ]th cfresfh ]b,tpt hjvdabmhj,s8 cf[tkvobajv hfqf myfc7 vbtwb lf bcfw vjuwtvc8 fhflf7 rfhuflcmtkb ,fv,bc cf,fyb umjybf7 vjfrtkb wjnf7 fh ufwbdlt,b7 ye utibybf7 cfvf-ubthjl n.fdb ufmdc cmtkb7 2 jyjahtv ufb[evhf8

2 ,hbuflbhj,f fytnfcsfy ufuf[ctylf7 sjhtv fvfc obyfs hfbjyib lf-kfmt,bc sfs,bhpt rfhufl vt[dtot,jlb7 ity oflb lf smdb hfw udfrkbfj7 2abhfyfv 3&dtkb wjldt,b4 uff[ctyf8

2 smdty lfzfvts thsvfytsb7 bgjkbnt vfcofdkt,tkvf rb rbyfqfv turfkvf[bdbs ltlfrfwb [tkib xfbulj7 2 cf,zjc fqvfchekt,tkb rj[nf lf-kfmt,bc rfvfsib xfthbf8 2 xtv hbuib vjbrhbzt sfdb7 vj,h&fylb8 futh xtvcrfvpt lf,h&fylb7 vt rb smdty oby lfxjmbkb lfdewlb xtv hbuc7 2 rj[nfvsfdbcb crfvb bgjkbntc lfeluf lf sdbsjy vbc oby ve[kb vjb.fhf8

2 f,f7 vfc[hj,f fh b.jc= 2 bgjkbnt uf,hfplf8 2 phlbkj,bfyb rfwbcvjdfktj,ff mfkc gfnbdb cwtc8

2 tu ityb gfnbdbcwtvf hfnj c[df lhjc fh ufvfb.tyt7 jhvjwb okbcfwjkbc qbhcb dth uf[lb7 2 rj[nfc v&qjkb dfkbrj vbt[vfhf7 2 bmyt,f xdtyeahj vtnbc eakt,f udfmdc7 .ehflqt,f vbdfmwbjs=

2 hfqfw dth itufn.dt7 ufmdfdt,ekb b]tmb7 dby lfubifkf7 ufvjktyxt,e-kt,b hjv bc[tlbs7 vlujvfhtj,blfy vt ufvjub.dfyts7 vflkj,bc vfubt-hbf0= 2 bgjkbnt ufyfo.tylf8

254

2 bgjkbnt fh dbwb7 vfuhfv bgjkbnf hjv fvfpjybc cf[tkbf7 dbwb tc vt7/jlf7 fytnf yfrkt,b fvjh&fkbf0= jqjyl xdtyb bjgkbnt7 fb7 vfvhb fvjh&fkbhjv fhct,j,ltc7 bc bmyt,jlf9 mfkt,bcrty rb vfbyw sdfkb ufeh,bc7 2 n.bcvwdtkb ujubf f[fh[fhlf7 obuybc rbs[dbs hjv vjgmjylf sfdb lf cflqfwlfecoht,kflfw cofdkj,lf8

2 it n.behj7 sfdb ufyfskt,ekfl hjv vjufmdc7 vtn.dtdt [fh lf [bc]bit,c thsvfytsib dth fhxtd7 vfhnj ufcf.bl itibc afcib thrdtdb8 hfqf-wfc vjrhfd .ehc lf cfgfhbrvf[thjib ufvjh,b[fh7 utxmfht,f7 smdf7 fb7 hfdbwbj7 bv yfsmdfvc bmbs wfhbtkf sfdb hjv ufmdc7 fvfc .dtkf se fhf7 vt lfxtvbcsfyt,b ufvxytds lf cbhw[dbkbcfufy dbodt,bs7 2 bgjkbntv vtn.tdtcfyufhbib ufecojhf8

2 ity cbhw[dbkbc uh&yj,f hjv umjyltc7 fmfvlt lfbodt,jlb7 jhvjwbotkb vbofcf kf[fd lf mfkbc utvj fh bwb7 2 vtn.tdt ufw[fhlf8

2 vt yfvldbkb mfkb lf yfvldbkb cb.dfhekb vzbhlt,f7 bc v;fdt lfeovfoehj,bs itytkt,ekb eyfvecj,f ity yfvldbkb mfkbc utvj ye uujybf=2 ittlfdf vtn.tdtc bgjkbnt8

2 tmfvlt yfvldbkb mfkb dtqfhf yf[t0 t7 cb,tht rfhpt hjv funepdbf7dth fn.j,0 2 xfthbf cfe,fhib yjqf lfkfmb7 hjvtkbw fcfrbs vfkt cfvjwcvberfreyt,lf8

2 yfvldbkb cb.dfhekb cb,thtibw itb&kt,f= 2 bgjkbntv vcvtytkt,b lfsfdbcb sfdb lffbvtlf8

2 ity cb.dfhekb lfe&f[t7 se cb,thtib fgbht, wjkbc ithsdfc7 twflt7cfmvt oby ofbulj7 fewbkt,kfl idbkt,bfyb vjb.df7 sjhtv f[fkufphlf v[j-kjl cf[tkfl bmyt,f ityb7 2 rj[nfv bgjkbnt uffahs[bkf8

2 .dtkfv sfdbc ,jp vfvblfc vjefhjc= 2 uf,hfplf bgjkbnt8 lfdf vodfd-lt,jlf7 lf&f,ekj,f bctd jyjahtv ufyve[nf7 cfe,hbc stvf itwdfkf5

2 dfkbrj7 xdty vtnb eakt,f udfmdc7 .ehflqt,f vbdfmwbjsj7 hjujheylf ufdbujs0 2 bhjybekfl brbs[f8

2 hjujh lf buht7 hjujhw b.j yfsmdfvb=2 vfbyw hjujh b.j yfsmdfvb02 buht7 hjv tu mfkb xtvsfy .dtkfpt f[kjf lf xtvc ufhlf c[dfcsfy fh

ufbdkbc= 2 sdbslf]tht,ekfl smdf dfkbrjv82 hfj7 hfj0 c[dfcsfy fh ufbdkbcj0 2 jyjahtv rfwbc gfhcdfc sfdb

lffyt,f lf ljby]b itvjblj82 /j7 hf ufubrdbhlf7 tu ltlfrfwb xtvsfy lflbc7 c[dfc rb vbkbjypt fh

uftrfht,f= ufbut0 2 dfkbrjv sfdvjvojytl smdf lf jsf[ib v]ljvs fvf.bvpthf vjfnfhf8

2 fh dbwb7 &vfj8 lqtvlt vt vfu mfkbc feub fh ufvbubf= 2 jyjahtv [tkt-,b ufifkf7 2 fh dbwb7 fv mdt.fyfpt dbcb eylf bhoveyjc rfwvf= 2 xfbkfgfhf-rf lf bctd iteluf cf[tpt cfgjyitvihfkb rfwbc ufcfgyfc8

2 dfkbrj7 ity xtvcfdbs [jv fh nhf,f[j,7 iehbc&bt,f [jv fh ufkfgfhf-rt,c7 it eqvthsj= 2 vt&hj[t ybrfkf xfthbf cfe,fhib8

2 ity hfqf lfbnhf,f[t7 ybrfk0 2 /rbs[f abhfyfv7 sbsmjc fsfc]th uf-ujybkb fhf /mjyjlf bc fv,fdb7 cjatkib ktutylfl hjv b.j ufdfhlybkb8

2 se .ehc lfvbult,s7 vjd.dt,b7 2 ybrfkf7 fk,fs7 fsfcvtthstl uftvpf-lf fv,bc vjcf.jkfl8

255

2 vblb7 ybrfk7 vblb7 xfvjamdb7 ityb ]thbf= 2 itfuekbfytc82 cfqfvj b.j7 2 ybrfkfv fv,bc s[hj,f ijhblfy lfbo.j7 hfrb lfbyf[f7

hjv .dtkf cekufyf,ekb ecvtylf7 2 yf[bhb cjatkib itvjdhtrt7 vt rb erfyufd,heylb7 thsb f[kfl vjut,ekb &hj[f xfvjhxf lf bc eylf ofvjvt.dfyf8,byllt,jlf7 n.bc gbhfc hj ufdtlb7 ewt,7 athlfpt mfkb lfdbyf[t7 ]thitvtibylf fkmf]b fh b.jc-vtsmb7 vtht hj lfdfrdbhlb7 fkmf]b rb fhf7fyutkjpb b.j7 tutsb mfkb xtvb ujujc obuyib dyf[t lf[fnekb7 qhe,tkptbluf8 mfkb xtvcrty ofvjdblf7 fytnf b.j7 ufbqbvf7 fm hfc frtst,7 ybrfkj7 2vbs[hf8 uekvf lfufleub lfvbo.j8 hf vjubdblf7 rfwj7 [vf fvjbqtj7 bctdufbqbvf7 hf dbwb7 ityc lfyf[dfpt [vf xfvbdfhlf-vtsmb8 fytnfv uflfb[fh[f-hf7 hf fh vtkjlt,jlbj8 buht vrbs[f7 sbsmjc vt v.fdlf lf,fht,ekb8utkjlt,jlb7 fytn7 utkjlt,jlb= cfxmfhjl des[fhb7 sbsmjc bvbcf vtib-yjlf7 fh babmhjc7 hjv fh dtkjlt,jlb-vtsmb8 vtkjlt,jlb lf vtw fmfdfh7 vbs[hf mfkvf7 rbltd hfqfwf eylf tsmdf7 vfuhfv vt cektkvf dtqfhvjdbsvbyt7 vtujyf7 erdt xtvbf-vtsmb8 j[7 ity utyfwdfkt7 fytn= ofdbkeqke-qt lf mfkc otkpt vjd[dbt [tkb7 vbyljlf bmdt vodfytpt ufvtujht,byf lf8882 ybrfkf lflevlf8

2 vtht7 vtht7 ybrfk7 uffuh&tkt= 2 vbf&f[tc82 vtvht smdtyc vnthc7 hfw vfiby vt lfvtvfhsf7 vrthlpt buht vrhf [tkb7

ofd,fh,fwlb lf [tkt,bs &kbdc ifdbrfdt sfdb7 hjv fh ufdi[kfhsekb.fdb8vjmybkb7 vfufhb idbylbc ]j[b pehuib hj uflfvbzbhf7 sdfkb lfvb,ytklf8

2 dth ofvje[nb7 rfwj0 2 dbqfwf itt[vbfyf82 ofvjde[nb rb fhf7 [esb hj uflfvbzbhf7 [tkt,pt sfdb dtqfh itdbrf-

dt7 vbofpt ,f.f.bdbs ufdbi[kfhst8 vttmdct hjv lfthn.f7 eafkc cekc vbdf-,fht,lb9 ufhjpudbc cbvofht xtvc pehupt ufvjdwflt8

2 hjujh ueyt,fpt [fh7 rbltd ubylfj0 2 ljby]-itvj.hbkb fytnf sfdptlfvlujvjlf8 vt buht vmjylf .dtkf cehdbkb ufvj,thn.bkb7 hjv vfhnjbvfpt dabmhj,lb7 ]j[b rbltd fh vfv[dtlhjlf8

2 vt.jaf7 &kbdc fvjdbkeqkeqt lf ve[kt,pt ofvjdltmb82 f[kf ufgfnbt, vfu sfd[tlj,fc7 sevwf vtnbc qbhcb b.fdb8 thsb lqt-

qfvt &hj[f cf[kib fh vjcekf7 se fh vj&t,yb7 hfw f[kf lfufrtkb7 vtvhtuflfubsfdt,= 2 vbs[hf lf buht ofdblf7 erfy fqfh vje[tlybf8 vt idt,bsfvjdbceysmt7 vfuhfv ,jqvf vf[hxj,lf7 iehbc&bt,bc uh&yj,f fh vfcdtyt,-lf8 fytnfc ibibs &hj[f vfbyw vjd&t,yt lf lblb vjobot,bs vtjht cfqfvjccf[kib vbde.dfyt8

hfvltybvt lqbc itvltu rb cflfkfmjib pqfght,bc vj.jkf lfdbo.t8 fyt-nfcsfy bv cfqfvjc7 n.bc gbhfc hjujh dbweqkent8 fvbs vbyljlf iehbvt&bf7 vfuhfv ,tzt,pt itvjhxtybkvf ]j[bc cbc[kbfyvf rdfkvf ufvwf lfxtvb df;rfwj,fw .dtkfcsdbc wyj,bkb uf[lf8 vt rb bv fv,bc uf[ctyt,fptpehub tvtodt,f [jkvt lf vf[ctyt,c7 eyfvecj,f fh xfblbyjj7 ityw tuht [jfhf [fh7 dfkbrj0 2 ybrfkfv dfkbrjc bhjybekb qbvbkbs vb[tlf8

2 vt vjcfn.efhb fhfathb vfmdc8 mfkb xtvsdbcf ub;lt,f7 se ubylfs7.dtkfathc lfodhbkt,bs vjd.dt,b7 2 dfkbrjv lfyfhxtyt,c fvf.b vpthfvjfnfhf8

2 cfyfv hfvtc vj.dt,b7 ]th gthfyub fbob lf [fk[c lfkbfylfut,ekbpehub fxdtyt= 2 fytnfc dtyf[bc vjvb]yfdt ifdb fktmcf vjekjlytkfl at[-

256

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2 cfo.fkb ujuj rfhuf [fybf qjylt,jlf7 dtyf[blfy ofkfvb hbs oftqj8tc j[thb7 nfzrbc e,t vtw vfiby ufvbn.lf7 itdgbhlb rb7 hjwf ufdfrtst,7cf[kib fvjubnfy-vtsmb7 vfuhfv lfvbudbfylf lf ibu ;ey;herj fvfbpfhlf8

obyf rdbhf lqtc ujuj flht xfvjdblf dtyf[ib lf sj[yf lfbo.j7 vtmj[ib drereyt,lb7 fh ufvjd[vfeht,bdfh8 thsb cffsb fh bmyt,jlf ufcekb7fv df;,fnjyvf vfymfyf ifvffuhbfkf7 2 ifdvf fktmcfv [tkb dfkbrjcrty uf-bidbhf8 2 ujujc ufe[fhlf8 ityb zbhbvt7 dfkbrj7 hjv fh lfvfqfkfntj7lfluf bc lfkjwdbkbc idbkb lf ofkvbc rjyt,c buht bchjlf vfymfyfpt7rfhu df;rfwc ufe[fhlt,jlf8 [fylf[fy hfqfwfc uflfekfgfhfrt,lyty [jk-vt thsvfytsc7 vfuhfv bc kfgfhfrb xtvfvlt fh fqotdlf8 thsfkbf dbabmht7ufdfk7 vtw vbdtidtkt,b-vtsmb7 vfuhfv vtvht uflfdbabmht7 hf dbwb7 bv lhjcbmyt,f hfqfwf tzdbc zbf vtwf v.fdlf8 vfymfyf cfyf[tdhjlfw fh /mjylfslfndbhsekb7 fytnf lfb[fhf rjybc fcfqt,fl7 fvfy rb eryblfy vjrblf [tkblf ptl vbtrhf8 bc b.j eylf lfvt.dbhf7 hfc idht,b7 it vfvf&fqkj-vtsmb lf]j[c ofdfdkt [tkb7 vfuhfv xtvb lf[vfht,f fqfh uf[lf cfzbhj8 fytnf ewt,otkib ufbifkf7 blf.db vewtkib /rhf lf tc ityb dfkbrj vjreynekb xf]lf8fytnfv bmdt fnfvpt vb.elt,ek ]j[c [tkb lffdkj lf pehuib hjv uflfei-[bdkf7 sbsmjc thsb lblb cfgfkyt vjb[cyfj7 buht vtvtidf7 vfuhfv vtvht7hjv ezbhf lf ezbhf7 itvtibylf7 fh vjrkfc tu ij,tk&fqkb-vtsmb8 tc df;-,fnjyb rb lf,kf tulj7 udtkbdbs buhb[t,jlf lf dfb7 dfb b&f[jlf8 fytnfv]j[b vjbchjkf7 [tkt,b rf,fpt ufbcdf7 tc elqtehb bctd lf,kf tulj8 itysdbsjy lfelt ofkfvb7 cf[kib vbbnfyt lf rfhufl lffkfut7 sjhtv ltlfcubnbht,j= ujuj &fkbfy fqtkdt,ekb b.j7 sj[c lffdkj [tkb lf dtyf[bcgkfyt,ib ifdblf8 tc rb otkvjo.dtnbkb fluf7 ofkfvb vfymfyfpt &kbdc lfe-lj lf bmblfy esmvtkfl ufbgfhf7 2 ifdb fktmcf ufxevlf8

2 dfff[[[= 2 fqvj[lfs vcvtytkt,c82 vfbwfs [fk[j7 ]th fh lfvbvsfdht,bf7 2 ifdvf fktmcfv uffxthf kfgf-

hfrbc cfqthqtk-fikbkb rfwt,b lf s[hj,f uffuh&tkf5 2 [jv uf[cjds7 hfdf;rfwb b.j vfu ujujc mvfhb8 vbs[fhbs7 hjvtkb ]j,lf bvfc ubylf vrkfd-ib7 ubylf ve[kbs7 ubylf flfvbfyj,bs8 xtv sdfkoby ufbpfhlf lf lfdf;rfw-lf8 ity vfymfyfc7 it dbhbidbkj7 2 dfkbrjc vbe,heylf7 2 eryblfy buhtcotdlf7 vbofc sdkt,c vffwbkt,lf [jkvt8 hjvtk vbc sfyfnjkc fh tyfn-ht,jlf dfhljfys yeupfhfc vcufdcb .jabkb.j8 vbs[fhbs7 hjvtkb ufe,t-lfdlf lfzblt,fc0= 2 fhfdby= dby b.j .dtkf ufzbhdt,ekbc vidtktkb0 dfh-ljffys yeupfhf= 2 ifdb fktmcf kfgfhfrbc fpfhnib itdblf9 rfwt,b ufmdfdt-,ekbdbs vb]fzdjlyty sfdbfys flubkt,c lf [vfc dth bqt,lyty9 lfkfmt,bfqfh veifj,lyty7 ifd fktmcfc vjyec[ekt,bdbs it/eht,lyty8 2 bv lfo.td-kbk lqtc flblt,ekvf fkfpfyvf ,jhfyb hjv vfbnfwf lf vtzbfdt ltlfrfwt-,b o.fkib uflf.fhf zfkfib lfrfaek aehwkbfyfl7 hfvltyb rfwb b.j vfibybm9 hjujhw dbwb7 pjubc mvfhbw bmf ,h&fylt,jlf= 2 ifdvf fktmcfv dfkbrjchbc[dbs it[tlf7 2 hjvtkvf ufvfbqj [tkb8 dfhljfys yeupfhf hj fhf.jabkb.j7 hdf ltlfrfwb lfb[hxj,jlf7 hdf fvbcsfyf fhfrfwb lfmdhbdlt-

257

,jlf7 2 dfkbrjcrty ufbidbhf [tkb8 2 dby bwbc7 rbltd hfvltyb ,fdidb lfj,-klt,jlf8 cflfvlt fhf clbf f]bkqfcfdbs ujylfrfhuek fkfpfyc lf .dt-kf mfkb yfgbhpt ufvj.fhf9 ,jkjc sdbsjy rfhx[fkpt lfzhbkb lf cbc[-kbcfufy lfwkbkb hj dtqfh thtjlf uffdt,ek o.fkc7 hjvtkb vbtidt-kts0= hfvltyb pb[fhs f[kf fm7 vfiby bm hj t.fhtybs= sdbsjy ufvjdblfyfgbhpt cbc[kbcfufy lfwkbkb7 2 ifdb fktmcf lflevlf7 uh&yj,fvj&fkt,e-kb mibyfdlf7 cflfkfmjib cfvfhbct,ehb cbxevt bluf9 rfwt,c sfdt,b xftqe-yfs lf at[bc cbvhfdkbcfufy ufwdtsbk bfnfrc vbcxtht,jlyty8

2 uekb rbltd bwbs hfv vfvbrkf0 2 ifdvf fktmcfv wjnf itcdtyt,bc itv-ltu ufyfuh&j7 2 tc vfs[jdfhb hjv ottshf7 cfo.fkb ujuj dtyf[blfy ufvj-dblf7 mj[ib itdblf lf7 sbsmjc yeupfhbc w[tlfhb oby eltdcj7 [vfvfqfkbvjsmvf lfbo.j7 t[dtot,jlf7 ofvb.dfytj7 fvltyb evflehj,bc fnfyf fqfhitvb&kbfyj7 ,bzb v.fdc ufcfphltkb7 sjht ths oesc fh dbwjw[kt,lb sfd-cfj7 ity udthlbs ,tlybthfl vjdbcdtyt,lbj7 vfuhfv hf dmyf7 .dtkfathcidbkbc uekbcfsdbc dbsvtyj7 fh itufhw[dty7 ityc ovbylf cf[tkc fhfdbcfh lfdfxhlbkbyt,j9 cfo.fkvf bnbhf7 vfbrdtsf uekb9 vt rb xtv mj[ib tcmdfuekf ,thbrfwb whtvkfl lfdlyb8 thsb cekb vmjylf7 tc yf,bzdfhb vtyf-[f lf cekb ufvtahs[j,byt,byf8 sjab mj[ib vbrblbf [jkvt7 ityb ,tlb7,fkqj7 bc ujuj hj uffvofht7 vfiby fh db.fd bv ueyt,fpt7 sjhtv ,ehdfrb-dbs ufufujht,lb= 2 ifdb fktmcf dfkbrjcsfy vbdblf lf sfdpt lffluf7 2fltm at[pt= 2 e,h&fyf8

dfkbrj of[lf7 flujvf dth uf,tlf8 ifdvf fktmcfv [tkb lffdkj7 ofvjf-.tyf7 pehubs [fk[bcrty vbf,heyf lf gthfyub feobf7 2 fb7 vfubcb rfb rfwj,f=2 dfkbrjc ]j[bs lfkbkfdt,ekb pehub .dtkfv lfbyf[f8

2 se smdty yfvecb fhf ufmds lf tuht uffuh&tkt,s7 bvbc vfubth hjv bvcfo.fk ujujc v[fhib fvjeluts lf v&bvt ndbhsb itevce,emjs9 bv hdfuflfhxtybkb mfkbc mvht,cfw lffdbo.lfs7 dbcb o.fkj,bs ithxfs j]f[bvstkb lf ,tlybthb7 lqtc fm cf[fk[jl dfw[flt,5 se rbltd ufdbut7 hjvfytnfc dbyvtv gfnfhf ecbfvjdyt,f vbf.tyf7 bwjlts7 jhb dfpyf bvbcfsdbcvfmdc uflfyf[ekb7 ltlfc denbht,= 2 ifdvf fktmcfv smdf lf gfce[c fqfhlfewflf7 gbhb fqfh ufegfhcfdc7 fqtkdt,ekvf lfnjdf cflfkfmj8 dfkbrjbluf ief cflfkfmjib gthfyufvjxfxekb7 [tkt,xfvjidt,ekb7 ie,kpt cbh-w[dbkbc jakitvihfkb lf yfnhj,lf7 bv oesib vbofc gbhb uftqj lf bctxft.kfgf7 hjv fhfdbcsdbc sdfkt,ib fh itt[tlf8

gtnjc fhfathb tikt,f

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rjkvtehytj,bc sfdv]ljvfht nbnbrj ukf[jtdbxvf sfdbcb uh&tkdf-lbfyb sfdv]ljvfhtj,bc ufyvfdkj,fib rjkvtehytj,f vjobyfdtj,blfy cf-iefkjpt mdtdbs xffwehf lf f[kf ,jkj flubkbcfsdbc hfvltybvt rjkvt-ehytj,fcsfy uflbjlf rjyrehcib8 nbnbrj lblb fhfathb jhufybpfnjh b.j7vfuhfv fkqj lf .yjcdf vt&t,fhb &fqkbcf /mjylf8 eahjct,sfy7 ufycfres-

258

ht,bs rb vskfl eahjcsfy rfhufl b.j lf ktkj fvbs uf/mjylf82 fytnfc ,emcbhpt /.fdc f.dfybkb yjqf ,hbuflbhb7 ,fhtv tu lfybiyjy

,hbuflbhfl7 cfmvtcfw tidtkt,f lf xdtyw7 2 fv,j,lyty sesbc xhlbkibitafht,ekb ltlfrfwt,b7 2 vfuhfv vfufc [tkc dby lfflt,c7 nbnbrj ukf[j-tdbxbc yfstcfdb .jabkf8

2 hfc fv,j,7 mfkj7 nbnbrjc yfstcfdb dby fhbc lf dby fhf7 fqfh dbwbs0=cjatkib fhf dw[jdhj,s0= hfbjyblfy dbqfwfc lfedfkt,bf7 vbvb[tltsj8

2 f,f7 vfufy dbsjv cbrtst e.j0 lfnfy]f cfo.fkb yjqf82 se cbrtst eyljlf7 cfo.j,bc ufvutl lftybiyf7 tufw lfbcdtyt,lf lf

xdtyw82 vfubc wjldf rb vttobjc nbnbrj sfdv]ljvfhtc= 2 j[ey]j,lyty mfkt-

,b lf sfy afhlekbcrty b.eht,jlyty7 cflfw fytnf yjqf ujubfc hfqfwfceothlf8

2 wjlj fytnff7 sjhtv yjqf rfhufl .dktafc ,hbuflfc7 nbnbrjcfw e.jac9fytnf vfultyc fh brflht,c lf ,hbuflbhfl dby ufeidt,c8

2 b7 ,bzb dbqff7 bvfcsfy hjv lflbc0 2 thsvf mfkvf brbs[f82 dbi7 mf7 tu vtobcmdbkt gtnjc cb&t fh fhbc7 vtljkt7 cfqfvjpt xdtyb

yjqf ujubf ljk-ufhvjypt mtbac [jv fh udbgbht,c ytnfd0 2 mfkt,vf uflf-b[fh[fhtc8

2 se if,fib fh vbcwtc7 rfhufl fh lferhfvc7 vfhnj sfvflbc cflqtuh&tkj-pt gfnfhf se ufnjrlyty7 vtvht cek uf,enekt,bdbsf c[tlfy8 fvfc obyfsxtvvf vtpj,tkvf lblb &tj,f uflfb[flf7 vtlelert rjkfc lfcnf lftmbhfdt-,byf7 tutyb rbltd bc[lyty lf [vfc fh bqt,lyty8 vtpj,tkb uf,hfplf7 rbyfqfv.dtkf uf.fhf7 es[hf5 2 smdt j[ht,j7 vt if,fipt hjlbc vjubhbulbs7 lferf-hbs7 sjhtv bv tmdcfc vfytsc rbchblfy fvjufwkbsj= qdsbc o.fkj,f7 vtvhtbrflhtc lf vfu ,bzc vstkb qfvt gbhb fqfh ufextht,bf8

2 xdtyw fuht dmyfs7 ifdfibyjs7 ihjvflqtt,c fqfh lfubothfvsj82 vfhskf7 mfkt,j7 bv xdtyvf lfvs[dtekvf sfdv]ljvfhtv ihjvflqtpt

rb fh fb.dfyjc tu vecbrjct,b7 2 smdf thsvf82 tu hjujh vj[th[lt,f7 mfkj=2 hjujh lf buht7 lqtc xdtyc ,hbuflfib lferhfvty7 [dfk c[dfufy7 f[-

kf vtvbyldhtt,sfy uflfdkty lf sdbc ,jkjvlt .dtkf ,hbuflfc vjbdkb-fy9 ,jkjc udtn.dbfy7 vecbrf hjv vfbcvbyts7 sdtib fs-fs ihjvflqtc xf-vjudfzhbs lf vfufs lfdeothsj8

2 hfc fv,j,7 mfkj7 tu hjujh ifb&kt,f0=2 &fkbfyfw ifb&kt,f8 xtvc mvfhc .jdtksdt lfkfmbc vjvcf[ehtj,bcfc

[es ihjvflqtc fzhbfy7 bc cfo.fkb rbltd sdtib ths[tkfw dth bgfhcfdc7cek &hj[fib ulbf bjhpt9 cf[kib yflbhbdbs vjdf [jkvt7 buhtf uf,fy]u-kekb7 uekb vbcrlt,f8

2 yflbhbdbs bmyt,f c[df hfvtpt vjlbc7 it lfcfqegfdj7 fhf vujybf7vfufpt ity uekb ufubcrltc= 2 mfkt,b [vfvfqkf f[fh[fhlyty8

2 smdty [evhj,f uujybfs7 vfuhfv itb&kt,f tu vecbrjct,b vfhskf fb.-dfyjc xdtyvf sfdv]ljvfhtv7 2 smdf vjfyufhbit f,hfvfc wjkvf8

2 hjujh ifb&kt,f7 mfkj7 cojhtl tu ]fv,fpj,fqf udfrkbf= 2 itbw[flf[fyibitcekvf mfkvf8

2 hfnjv fh ifb&kt,f7 fqfh uf[cjvs7 ifhifyoby cfcekt jhrtcnhbc

259

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2 ityvf mvfhvf hfqf myf0 2 mfkt,b lfbynthtclyty82 /jlf7 f,hfvfv vstkb rdbhf utuvbc itlutyfpt bveifdf7 hjv lffvsfdhf

lf nbnbrjc vbenfyf7 bvfy rbyfqfv sfdpt lffa[hbof7 hfvltybw utuvfib /mjylf7vjut,f bvltyb fh ufvjlbjlf8

]th vecbrjct,c [tkafcb ofeifkf7 2 tctyb vemsfl bveifdt,ty cfpjuf-ljt,hbd cfo.bct,ptj8 f,hfvf hjv ittrbs[f7 tc hjujh bmyt,fj7 fe[cyf lfsfy cbf vbfojlf7 dbc hjvtk bycnhevtynpt eylf lftrhf8 sdbsjy nbnbrj7,eqfknthb7 cfo.j,bc ufvut7 ufhf;bc ufvut7 vjfyufhbitt,b7 ,hbuflbht,b.dtkfc sfdbc bycnhevtynt,pt lfrdhf eylf tcofdkf8 lfco.tdkf zbhvf7 bv.e.eyt,bc cf[tkb fh dbwb8 thsb rb lfvf[cjvlf7 xtvb f,hfvf ljkc hjvlffshtdty7 bvbc lfvrdhtkfl xftothf7 ,eqfknthc rb stait,c hjv fx[fre-yt,ty7 bc sfyfvlt,j,f xttulj [tkib ghjntmwbbs9 nbnbrjc if[dtot,jlf7vecbrbcf fhfathb dbwb7 tufw itb&kt,f dth fdbsdbcjj8

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260

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261

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mfkt,b f[vfehlyty82 vbnhj fqfh lfub&f[j02 vbnhj rb fhf lbvbnhbj7 dth ufbut0vbnhj bctd xb[ib vjtmwf8

265

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2 mfkt,j= 2 ufbcvf fytnfc [vf7 ewt, sbsmjc h&tc ite,thtcj7 leqbkbxfw[hf8 mfkt,b vfc vbfxthlyty7 fytnfcb cofvlfs lf c]thjlfs8

2 mfkt,j7 ofdblts7 xdtyb cfmvt ufdfrtsjs cfyfv lfw[t,f9 ,hbuflbhsfycfe,fhc vjtcoht,bs=88

mfkt,b .f.fybs ittcbdyty dtyf[c8vbnhj afhlekib ufjuyt,ekb b]lf8 rfhuf [fyc fphb dth vjbrhbaf8

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266

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267

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2 lf]tmb7 vbnhj7 .dtkfathc fub[cyb7 ufcofdkb8 ,hbuflfibw ufvju.dt-,b7 eo.bct,cfw itubluty9 bct fubo.j, cfmvtc7 .dtkfyb ufrdbhdt,ekb lfhx-yty7 2 ufv[bfhekt,ekb pfbhf bynthtcbs iteluf vbnhjc ohsdyfc8

thsb rdbhbc itvltu vbnhj lf pfbhf ,hbuflfib thsfl vbdblyty8 .dtkfres[t-reyzekb vjbfhtc8 dtyf[bc nf[nbc sfdsfy fytnfc it[dlyty7 pfbhf lb-lb vjobot,bs vbtcfkvf8 hjujhw rb ufcwlyty7 nexb fb,pef lf vbnhjc lfv-hbut,kehfl es[hf5

2 ,hbuflfib tu vtnbxfhf mfkb fh ufvjuflut,f7 bctsb zjhbrfyff7 itb&kt-,f hfvtw rb vjudbujyjc8 veifj,fib [tkc itubikbc7 sfd[tlbf8 sfdbc sfdptlblb ofhvjlutyf fmdc lf bct /ujybf7 sbsmjc vfubcsdbc ub;lt,bfy7 sae=if,bfvybs lf jakbs f.hjkt,ekb dbc hfs eylf0= 2 fytnfc vbvfhsekt,bsuflffaehs[f8

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268

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2 ,hbuflfib cfmvt hjujh fhbc0 2 gtnjv cb&tc ths cfqfvjc /rbs[f82 rfhufl8 .dtkfathb rfhuflff7 jqjyl888 2 vbnhjc hfqfwbc smvf eylj-

lf7 vfuhfv dth uf,tlf82 hf jqjyl0 2 se hfvtf cfzbhj7 smdb= nbnbrj ukf[jtdbxc dtn.db lf

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2 buht fdfo.j cfmvt7 .dtkfc uferdbhltc= 2 lfbnhf,f[f itmt,bs ufsfvf-vt,ekvf vbnhjv8

2 tuht eylf myf7 tuht= 2 rdthb lferhf cbvfvhvf7 2 jqjyl eahjccgfnbdb eylf cwt8

2 hjujh dwt gfnbdb0 2 vbnhjv ueke,h.dbkjl brbs[f82 sfylfsfy .dtkfathc ufcofdkb7 fm fhf dfh0= f[kf rb ityb cbltlhb lf

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2 ufdbut7 vfuhfv b fytnf hj fhb7 &fkbfy hfqfwyfbhb mfkbf7 fh uffrt-st,c7 x[e,c lfvbo.t,c8 ,hbuflfc fvb,eynt,c7 2 vbnhjc sdfkt,ib ibivf uf-btkdf8

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269

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2 fh ubylf nbnbrj ukf[jtdbx7 vt hfqf vtcofdkt,f7 se cbhw[dbkb ufzf-vt lf dth ufvjufxbyt7 f7 vfvzthb sfdb7 2 vsfdfhvf pjjntmybrjcvf7 pfmhjvcbn.df itfo.dtnbyf8

2 rfhub vfiby7 vbnhj smdtysfy bmyt,f7 rjkfc ,bzc ofvjb.dfyc lf vjv-pflt,fib vjut[vfht,fs8 vt fm dbnhbfkt,7 rbltd fhfathpt lfhtrjy7 vtvhthfbjyib fdfk lf bvfs ufvjd.dt,b8 f,f7 cfmvtc iteltmbs= 2 nbnbrjv [tkt,bufifkf lf at[pt fluf888

dth[dt,bc o.fhjcsfy cfvb cffsbcsdbc .dtkfathb vpfl b.j8 [tkt,lfv-rdkfh&ekb pfmhj crfvpt b]lf7 bcdtyt,lf8 ,bzt,b wtw[kpt itvjluvek mdf-,t,sfy nhbfkt,lyty8

ewt, upfpt vndthb fdfhlf8 pfmhj fhfdbc tkjlf8 vfymfyf vbcrty ofdblf8pfmhj at[pt fluf 3frb [esb cffsbcfsdbc b.fdbsj vpfl47 2 xfbkfgfhfrf lfitcf[dtlhfl vjtvpflf8 vfymfyblfy jhyb uflvjdblyty v&qjkb lf vbc udth-lbs v]ljvb f[fkufphlf rfwb8

270

2 ufvfh]j,f7 pfmhj=2 ufubvfh]jc7 rereh bj,bx0 2 pfmhj v&qjkbc udthlbs v]ljv rfwc

vjobot,bs vbtcfkvf82 hjujh fhbc cfmvt7 tvpflt,bs02 dtvpflt,bs rb fhf7 vpflf dfhs9 f[kfdt hjv vjdblyty7 lfd[dlt,bs7 2

fvf.fl egfce[f pfmhjv82 f,f dyf[js7 hfbvt fh itutifkjs lf sfdb fh vjudzhfs= 2 rerehf

ghjlemnt,bs ufpytmbk vfublfcrty ofdblf82 xbnbc h&twf udfmdc7 rereh bj,bx7 2 pfmhjv xfvjsdkf lfbo.j5 2 cfv-

odflt7 cf[fikfvt7 nf,frf7 xf[j[,bkb7 xfmfaekb8882 qdbyj hjvtkb ufmds0= 2 rerehfv xfvjsdkf itfo.dtnbyf82 xdty cfresfh vfhfyib lf.tyt,ekb rf[ehbf7 eafkb dth lfboeyt,c82 f,f ufdcby]js=bmfdt fepib xfwbt,ekb cehblfy xfbc zbmfib xfvjec[tc xfbcathb rf[ehb8

zbmf vfibydt lfbjhsmkf8 rerehfv hfvltybvt .kegb vjcdf lf nexb fcobf82 tc hf vjubnfybfs= hfqfwbc utvj fmdc9 ueiby hjv lfdkbts7 bc cek

c[df b.j82 cojhtl bv mdtdhbcf fhbc7 gbhdtkb ahfmwbff8 ueibyltk qdbyjc wjnf

zfzbc yfoehb thbf7 hfqfwbc utvj itb&kt,f bvbcf uf[cjvc8 cnevht,b hjvofdkty7 lfhxb lf bv hfqfwbc utvjbfycfw lfufktdbyt,7 2 pfmhjv afhekbo.tybs smdf8

rerehfv fhfathb egfce[f82 vodfybkb ufmds0 2 brbs[f82 hfc fv,j,7 rfwj7 vodfybkb lfvfdbo.lt,jlf0= bvltyb vjdbnfyt7 thsb

dbhb vstk rdbhfc bv.jabyt,c82 vfhbkb7 &vfhb7 kjmj=2 .dtkfathbf7 .dtkfathb82 gbhbcf,fyb vjo.j,bkb ufmds02 hf vjo.j,f eylf7 yf[t7 hjujhb fyrfhf o.fhj vjx[hbfkt,c9 vbcfl-

ujvbw rfhub fmdc82 fhf7 tuht fh ufvjdf= t[kfdt dbyvt uffmwbt7 cf[kblfy gbhbcf,fyb xf-

vjbnfyts7 udthlpt gbhcfovtylbc xfvjcfrblt,kfl lf cfgybc lfcflt,fl ,j&bxffults lf abwfhb vbfrfhbs9 lf,kf nfinb lfelubs7 at[t,b fh lfbcdfhjy8

2 vjlb7 yf[t7 gbhcfovtylbc xfvjcfrblbw fmdc lf cfgybc lfcflt,bw8 mdtinfinb hfqfl eylf7 vidtybthb fyrfhf hef lf vblbc sfdbcsdbc7 at[b fhfdbclfecdtklt,f lf888

2 vt hjv ute,yt,b7 fk,fs tuhtf cfzbhj= lhjpt uffrtst7 sjht dtqfhvjfcoht,=

pfmhjc to.byf82 hfvltyb rfwb bmyt,f7 rereh bj,bx0 2 /rbs[f82 s[esvtnfvlt7 smdty sflfhbub jwlf[es rfwpt lfbzbhts82 vbnhj= lfe&f[f pfmhjv7 2 f[kfdt vfymfyfib xf]tm7 fdfhlb cjatkib7

thsb gbhcf,fyb7 jwlf[esb r,bkt,bc ]fuhbcb lf gfcnf b.blt9 xmfhf7 sj-htv dtqfh vjdfcoht,s=

vbnhjc hfqfwbc itrbs[df eyljlf7 vfuhfv dtqfh uf,tlf7 flubkpt ht-nbfyb ztlbkfcfdbs lfnhbfklf lf ewt, ufbmwf8

271

2 vt vujyb ]fuhbcb fh lfuzbhlt,fs7 2 jabwbfkehb njybs smdf rere-hbv7 2 .jdtk itvs[dtdfib jhb-cfvb cfrvfhbcb bmyt,f8

2 hfc fv,j,7 rfwj7 vt sflfhbub jwlf[es rfwpt vfmdc lfdfkt,ekb7 .dt-kfv hjv vjvs[jdjc r,bkt,bc lf[t[df7 vfiby hf o.fkib xfddfhlt0= 2 pfm-hj [evhj,lf8

rerehb bct b.j ufifkfibyt,ekb lf ufcthbjpekt,ekb ,behjc lflut-ybkt,fcfdbs7 hjv bevjhbc erfyfcrytkb c[bdbw7 tn.j,f7 hfbrjvbc cfjhuf-ybpfwbj ufy.jabkt,bc ufvutl uflf.dfybc gbhdtkcfdt lqtc xfemhf8 fvbnjvb.j7 hjv pfmhjc .dtkf cbn.dfc ,fnjyrfwehb cthbjpekj,bs [dlt,jlf8

2 vjrktl7 ofdtlb lf bvtlb vfmdc7 fh itvfhw[dtys= 2 rerehb bctsbyf,b]t,bs ofdblf7 sbsmjc tibybf xtvb cbv&bvbs ltlfvbof fh xfdfyuhbjj8

2 sae/= 2 pfmhjv vfymfybc ufvjyf,jkmd rdfvkc vbfaehs[f82 vt hf dmyf0 2 brbs[f vbnhjv8pfmhjv ]fdhb bvfpt b.fhf82 rfwj7 ity cvtyfpt wjnf vo.hfkfl [jv fhf [fh0= oflb7 jwlf[esb

r,bkt,bc 3xjnrb4 b.blt7 jhb wfkb rbltd mkb,b7 lhjpt7 sjhtv se ufem-kb,fdb r,bkt,bs lfc[lyty7 lfdbqegt,bs9 xdtyc r,bkt,c rbltd ufmkb,dffhf czbhlt,f= 2 uf,hfpt,bs iteqhbyf8

vbnhjc [vf fqfh fvjeqbf7 rjkfc ,bzbc vfymfyfib it&dhf7 cjakbc vfqf-pbbcfrty uffmhjktc8

2 tcfw rfhub ,tljdkfsb xfyc= 2 pfmhjv xfbwbyf lf ,bzt,c vbe,heylf52 ceht,b lhjpt itfdcts7 o.fkib xffo.ts7 ufwbdt,f vjfcohjc8 pjub

lfnjdts7 s,bkfl itbyf[ts9 vfufs dthfathc ufeut,8 fvfc obyfs vt ufwbt-,ekb ,jh]jvb vbdfhsdb7 vtujyf7 ufe[fhlt,fs-vtsmb7 vfufs rb .tkb udnrbdf7ufudbs,tj8 f[kf wtw[kb lfdfyst lf ,jh]jvbc ,jskt,c ptl vodflbdbsdfnhbfkt,lb8 vjrktl7 hjwf tutyb vjlbfy7 cek trkt,pt dpbdfh7 tivfrvfbwbc7 hfc vjbs[jdty888

dth[dt,bc o.fhjpt nbnbrjc vfymfyf itvjuhbfklf8 vfymfyblfy xfvjdb-lf lf vfublbcfrty lby]fl uftvfhsf8

2 cfl fhbc [fk[b7 tc fvjltyf [fh]b xdty zbhfl fh uf[flj= 2 pfmhjittut,f8

2 dtkjlt7 bmyt, lfhtrjy-vtsmb7 hfrb fh itvt[vbfyty7 gbhlfgbh fm vjd-kty9 upf rfhufl bwbfy7 vt fm lfdewlb8 sfy vtibybfy7 c[dfufy fh vj[dlyty9uflvjcf[dtdsfy rfwb [jv fh lfdf[dtlhjs7 vfbyw .ehflqt,fib xfudtsdkt-,f0 2 nbnbrj dth bcdtyt,lf8

2 hf upf eylf fthbjs7 xdtysfy erdt b.j vf[fhj,tkb82 dby vf[fhj,tkb02 rerehf vbmtkfidbkb7 ufy.jabkt,bc ufvut hjv fhbc8 itudbvjovf geh-

vfhbkb8 fv cfmvbc lblb cgtwbfkbcnbdbs xfvjudbfhf lf lfudfhbuf82 hfj7 hf mtybsj02 dth[dpt gbhbccf,fyb xfvjrbltsj8 mdti nfinb lfelubs7 ,j&b xffhz-

dts gbhcfovtylbc lfcfrblt,kfl lf cfgybc lfcflt,fsj82 gbhcfovtylb dth[dpt dth lftrblt,jlf02 dth[dpt rb fhf7 fh ubrdbhc7 jhb ,j&bc xfult,f hjv fh lfudfdfkf7

thsb gbhcfovtylbc lfcfrblt,kfl7 vtjht rb cfgybc lfcflt,fl82 tu rbltd ity eylf utrfhyf[f=

272

273

2 hfw cfzbhj b.j7 derfhyf[t82 hf02 ,bzb jwlf[esb r,bkt,bc 3xjrnbc4 cf.blkfl ufdfupfdyt7 mkb,cfw uf-

vjf.jkt,ty7 dby bwbc7 bmyt, r,bkt,bcsdbc lfczbhlts7 [fikfvbc zfvbcfufypjuc &fkbfy lfe,kfudlt,jlf8

nbnbrjc uftwbyf5 2 vjbwf7 tu r,bkt,bc cfovtylb lf mkb,t,b fh ufvjfxb-yj7 e[th[ekbf8

2 fhw gbhcf,fyb xfvjdrblj02 hfl ubylf7 o.fhj fm fh fhbc7 gbhcfovtylb lf cfgjyb bmjybts82 rerehf hfc bn.dbc02 cfyfv hfbrjvib vbdbljlf7 rfnfcfdbs gbhc jhb sbsbs b,fylf7 cfzvt-

kt,bc cf[tkt,b f[kf bcofdkf vfu zbyzhbc ifzfvfylbs ufphlbkvf7 nbnb-rjc eylf fcofdkjc gehvfhbkbc ufvpflt,f0= /fb7 ltlfcf= eahjct,sfy sf-dbc ufvjlt,f eylf7 dbsjv vt ufdertst jhufybpfwbfj7 bvfsfw c]thfs lfvfufc fupfdybfy [jkvt7 uflf[tlt7 fhfathb frkltsj9 ifbathf lf sfdb sfd-se[bdbs ezbhfdc8 vbnhj hf bmyf0 2 ewt, brbs[f8

2 cjatkib ufdfupfdyt mkb,t,bc vjcfnfyfl82 vfc[hj,fc vjhxb7 fhcfl xfhxtc lf eljkufhvjyjl ceahfc kfpfsb

fh lftrfhujc= 2 nbnbrj itiajslf82 ye utibybf7 .dtkfathb cffsbdbs bmyt,f fo.j,bkb7 2 pfmhjv lffvidblf888dth[dbc o.fhjpt gbhdtkb fv,frj cbvjybxbc vfymfyf itvjchbfklf7 erfy

fsfvlt vce,emb vfymfyf vj/.df8 pjuib v&qjkbc vtnb fhfdby b]lf7 cfvfubt-hjl pjub vfymfyf uflfndbhsekb b.j8 fv,frjv cfgfnbj cnevfhb nbnbrjcofhelubyf5 2 [jv bwyj,7 hfbjybc rtsbkbc vcehdtkb7 &vf lf vtuj,fhb7ufvjxtybkb ;ehyfkbcnb rfrj ,tyfidbkb8

nbnbrjv [tkb lblb vjobot,bs xfvjfhsdf82 lfvcf[eht,ekb sfdv]ljvfht7 ufvjwlbkb lf vwjlyt7 ve[kite[ht-

kb vihjvtkb7 rfwehb-rfwb7 2 cnevfhsfy lff[fcbfsf nbnbrj82 rerehf b.j0 2 ewt, brbs[f82 b.j7 fv,frj cbvjybx7 .dtkfathb sfdbcb sdfkbs yf[f7 vjudbojyf7 xdtyw

vpfl dfhs= 2 nbnbrj oby vjobot,bs ufe&qdf82 df[7 tc rerehf hf rfwbf7 rfwj7 vfhbkblfy lfo.t,ekb ,fnrybc xfmfae-

kfvlt fhfathb fdbo.lt,f8 se ceahf itfvjovf7 vjhxtybkbf7 ofhvfnt,fufhfynbht,ekbf7 2 fv,frjv cnevfhc cfmvbc dbsfht,f uffwyj8

2 tuhtf7 pecnfl tuhtf= 2 otkib jhfl vj[hbkvf nbnbrjv gbhvjsytqbvbkbs lfelfcnehf8

cnevht,b o.fhjcsfy ituhjdlyty lf [tkt,bc lf,fyf lfbo.tc8vbnhjv lf rjkfc ,bzvf vfymfyf itvjfuhbfktc lf mdf,t,sfy7 pfmhj

hjv nhbfkt,lf7 vbf.tytc8 vbnhjv mfqfklib uf[dtekb fvfyfsb vbfojlflf [vfvfqkf ufvjfw[flf5

2 f/f7 vjdbnfyt jwlf[esb r,bkt,bc 3xjnrb4 lf jwlf[esb mkb,b82 xe7 hf uf.dbht,c= 2 itvrhsfkvf pfmhjv uffxevf7 ofbqt7 mj[ib lf.f-

ht7 2 qbvbkbs lfevfnf8o.fhjcsfy lblb vbgfnb;t,f /mjylfs7 [tkt,bc lf,fyfc thsvfytsc csf-

dfpj,lyty7 ,jkjc vfbyw sfyfvlt,j,hbdb cfat[eht,bc vb[tldbs lfto.yty8]th cnevfhvf lfb,fyf7 vtht fv,frjv9 vtjht vlbdfyb lf fqvfcrjvbc sfdv]-

274

ljvfht thsvfytsc esvj,lyty7 ,jkjc vfbyw o.fkc thslhjekfl iteidb-htc [tkt,b8

rerehb pfmhjcsfy fqiajst,ekb vbbzhf52 vt hjv ubs[fhb7 gbhbcf,fyb hfnjv fh xfvjrblt0= 2 ofecbcbyf82 bm hf [tkt,b lfcf,fyb hxt,fs0 futh7 r,bkt,bc 3xjnrt,bw4 vjbnfytc7

se bn.db7 f[kfdt vbdenfys82 r,bkt,bc 3xjnrt,b4 rb fhf7 mkb,b fh ubylf0 2 uf,hfpt,ekvf rerehbv

ofcdkf lffgbhf82 mkb,t,bw udfmdc7 jwlf[esb wfkb7 2 pfmhjv egfce[f lf mj[bcrty ofdb-

lf8 2 f[kfdt vjdbnfy7 bmyt,f vjdfcohjs7 cfyfv lfb,fyty8rerehbv [tkb xfbmybf lf o.fhjcsfy ituhjdbk [fk[c itethsjlf9 pfm-

hjc cbwbkb fen.lf8rjvrfdibhbc hfbrjvbc vlbdfyb vfst ,fqfidbkb mj[bc oby lfult,ek

,j&pt b]lf lf fv vjxdtyt,bs sfdfpbfyj,bc vfhfsjyib vjyfobktj,fc fhqt,ekj,lf8

2 ]fuhbcb vbd[dlb7 hbcsdbc vjbnfyt7 fk,fs mdf,t,bc ufcf[t[fl7 2 ct-hbjpekb njybs es[hf pfmhjc7 2 vfuhfv mkb,t,bc lfybiyekt,f dth ufdb-ut7 rfnjhqtkt,b [jv fh u.fds lfgfnb;t,ekb7 ,jhrbkt,bc ufcf[t[fl rfh-ubfj fv,j,ty8

2 mkb,t,b rb fhf7 rerehf uf,hfpt,ekbf7 gbhcf,fyb lf nfinb hfnj fhvfbnfyt7 vfu [fk[c o.fhjpt [tkt,bc lf,fyf fh trflht,fj8 hf dbwjlb7nfinitluvekb gbhbcf,ybs [tkt,bc lf,fyf tutsb cfgfnbj se b.j8 cf[kibcek tuht db,fy7 xtv ltlfrfwc fsfc]th eylf vjde[flj vflkj,f fv gfnb-dbcwtvbcfsdbc8

2 pfmhj7 tu rb fhf7 smdtyb cjakbc vfqfpbfib cfqbnbyt,ekb vfymfyt,bb.blt,f7 tktvtynt,ptf7 nbnbrjcsfy sfs,bhpt ]b,tib xfblub7 hjwf sfdv]-ljvfhbc er,bkj [evhj,fpt ufwbyt,f vjubyltc7 xfhst7 bctsb [fh[fhb fubn.-lt,f7 se lhjpt fh ufvjhst7 lfobyfeht,bc vfubth cfvcf[ehblfy ufult,ffh fuwlt,f9 hjwf lfqhtzf vjubyltc7 vtjht v[fhtc uflfhst7 bctsb ltybc&fkbs lfufhn.fvc7 lfbqhb]t,b rb fhf7 ifhify qjhbc zbhb hjv ufubxy-lfs lf yf[tdfhb athvf ufubyfluehfs7 vfiby hjv b.fd7 bvfpt v;fdt [fcbfs-pt lfuf.tyt,c9 lhjpt vbfcofh7 lblb hbub fmds7 fh ufsfdltc= 2 vfst bctkfgfhfrj,lf7 ew[j rfwc itb&kt,f lft]tht,byf rbltdfw8 vfuhfv fsfcb ti-vfrbc [fafyupt uflfv[nfh pfmhjc vfstcufy fvudfhb [evhj,t,bc vjcvtyffh frklf7 uekf[lbkb b.j7 hflufy bwjlf7 vfcsfy sfvfvfl yfsmdfvb cbvfh-skt udthlbs vjdktyt,c fh ufvjbodtdlf8

2 tu vfymfyf smdty eahj vjub[lt,fs7 ]th f[kf hf fv,fdib fhbfy lfceahfcsfy gbhlfgbh uekc vjubrkfdty7 cbwbkb hjv eylfs lf dth ufewb-ybfs7 pju]th rb gbhbmbs7 2 pfmhjv gfce[b xff,fhf8

2 xdtypt ye oe[lt,b7 jh-jhb db.blts7 e,bc ]b,tib udbo.dbf82 vfstv [tkb ]b,tib xfb.j82 ity xdtyb sfdv]ljvfht fh utujyj7 njhjkt,bc fv,fdb ufyf lfvfdbo.-

lf0= 2 pfmhjv uff[ctyf7 vfuhfv vfbyw afhekb bynthtcbs lffrdbhlf7 vfhs-kf hfbvt vfymfyf [jv fhf fmdcj8

vfstv ]b,blfy gfgbhjcbc rjkjab fvjbqj lf pfmhjc ufeojlf8 jhbdtvuff,jktc8

275

pfmhjc cbwbkb fen.lf82 ityb fv,fdb [jv dbwb7 vfuhfv ]b,tib [tkb hjv xfb.fd7 tzdb itvtgfhf7

bc vfymfyf vfhskf fh fvjbqjc-vtsmb82 t[7 xtvj pfmhj7 bv vfymfybc ufhtitw rfhufl dfhs vjvfhsekt,b7 2

vfstv cbufhtnb qhvfl vjmfxf lf ytkb yf,b]bs o.fhjcrty ofdblf8[tkt,bc lf,fyf lftvsfdht,byfs8cfyfv ceahfcsfy lfc[lt,jlyty7 dth[dbc xhlbkib itbrhb,yty9 rfrj ,t-

yfidbkc crfvb vbfhsdtc8fv,frj lf nbnbrj ufypt ufcekb.dyty lf hfqfwfpt cfe,hj,lyty82 xdtyc hfbjypt hf vfufhb yfhrdtdb lfotht8 gbhlfgbh fqahsjdfyt,e-

kt,b dfhs9 rfwb fh ufvjubnjdt,bf7 hf vt[cbtht,f umjybf7 rfwj= 2 fdnj-cfnhfycgjhnj rfynjhbc eahjcb7 bhjlb lblfl rvf.jabkb xfylf8

2 hf dmyf7 ,fnjyj7 2 rfrjc vbcb cf[tkbc smvf eyljlf7 vfuhfv7 tn.j,f7dth ufb[ctyf7 wjnf [fyc ufxthlf lf vtht uffuh&tkf5 2 rfhu df;rfwt,c eylfdtvcf[ehj7 vt c[dfyfbhfl fh itvb&kbf==

2 hf rfhufl tothf7 utcbfvjdyt,jlf7 bhjlb rf,bytnib fhobdbdbs b]lf7ofvj[nf7 [tkb xfvjvfhsdf7 hjvtkb vfhrbc vfymfyf ufo.j,c7 vpheydtkflvrbs[f7 [es oesib uforhbfkt,ekb 3djkuf4 rfht,sfy udtkjlt,jlf9[tkv&qdfytkbw fvfc mdbfj7 2 bhjlbc vfc hjv t[t,jlf7 bc ntmcnb ptgbhfllft[cjvt,byf8

2 rerehb vbmtkfidbksfy hjv itdblf7 hf rfhufl fmdc fqothbkb vbcblf&f,ekb veifj,f8 vfublfpt bvltyb mfqfkb /mjylf ufikbkb7 sfdb fh exfy-lf7 .jdtk oesib ntktajypt htrfdlf7 .dtkf uffahs[bkf7 lqtc smdtysfyufvjxtybkb ;ehyfkbcnb7 rfrj ,tyfidbkb vjdf lf smdty bwbs7 rfhufl lf-e[dlbs7 sfdb ufvjbxbytsj8 vtht babmhf7 dby ufdf.jkjj lf vfhskfw rfh-ub df;rfwb itfhxbfj7 2 hfbrjvbc bycnhemnjhb ybrj7 hjvkbc vfymfybs[ibhfl cfhut,kj,lf rerehb7 bub f[kfw fv ]ueaib b.j7 pjvfpt vtnfl uf-cemt,ekc vewtkb vbrbnfyc vbeufdlf7 [tkt,b cbvcemybcfufy ,jkjvlt dthlftidf nrbgflf[dtekb mfsfvbdbs9 ufzbhdt,bs ceysmfdlf8

2 hf vfuhfl tothf ybrjpt7 rf,bytnib vfqfkb7 v[fh,tzbfyb9 vtht rb lfd-hoveylb7 cfmvtib wtw[kbdbs tythubekb rfwb itvjdblfj9 qdbybc cvfib vbcbvjvhtdb rfwb fh lflbc hfbjyibj7 2 ybrjv vjhw[dfl ufbqbvf8

2 ybrj vfhskfw vfufhbf7 rfrjv sfdbc yfhrdtdbc cbyfvldbktc [fpb uf-ecdf8

2 cojht ubs[hfs7 xtvpt lfothbkbs &fkbfy ufdb[fht7 2 cfe,fhib .dtk-rfhfmbc mfh[ybc lbhtmnjhb7 dfhkfvb xfthbf8 bc b.j7 vfcpt lfothbkbcvj.jkfc fgbht,lf7 hjv hfbrjjgrfdibhbc ufvutj,bc sfdv]ljvfhtv it-fo.dtnbyf5 2 xtvpt yfrkt,fl tothf0 tythubekb lf cfmvbc vwjlyt rfwb ufdb-wfyj8

2 xtvpt hjv tothf7 xtvpt= 2 cfe,fhib gehghjlemnt,bc ,fpbc lbhtmnj-hb7 hf;ltyf xfthbf8

2 xtvb fh lfbdbo.js= 2 fvf.fl bzbvt,jlf hfbjyekb ufptsbc htlfmnj-hb8 vb[tbk v&byfhbidbkb8 vjrktl7 rfrj ,tyfidbkc ufhc t[dtjlyty lf fqfhbwjlyty7 [jn,f hjujh ittc[fs8

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276

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277

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278

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280

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281

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2 fhf7 fv,frj cbvjybx7 vt fhf d.jabkdfh7 2 cjrhfnfv lfyfifekpt ofc-oht,ekb ,fdidbdbs &kbdc fvjqthqf7 uekb rb co.lt,jlf7 hfnjv vt fhdb.fdbj8

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282

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2 ye utibybf7 lbjutyfc hfvltybvt rjv,byfwbf lf cek sfdib vjtmwtdb=2 vbnhj7 ljk-ufhvjyb= 2 nbnbrjv lfb&f[f8 vbnhj lf rjkfc ,bzb cbh-

,bkbs vbdblyty vfublbc ,jkjib lf lfcfrhfdfl vjtvpflyty82 ity lferfh= 2 itc&f[f sfvflfv8fv,frj rjwyt,c wyj,bkb neibc /fyupt o.fkj,fcfdbs fhbut,lf82 hjujh ubs[hf0 ufyf fh dbwb7 hjv ,ehsc sfvfij, lf 3nehybrptw4

trblt,bj0= smdtysfy f[fk rbyjabkvpt lfcoht,f frh&fkekb .jabkf7 .j-xfq= vfufhb uf&kt,f umjybf= 2 erdbhlf pfmhjc8 2 hfnjvqfw vt]qfytt,bcx[e,b ufvf[ctylf5 thsvf ofvjc&f[f7 ityb wjkb ,jpj,cj9 ity rbltd ,fpfhibufcf.blfl ufnfybkb xecnt,b hjv ofufhsdtcj8 cfvfubthj uekbc vjcfrkf-db uff[ctyf vtjhtv8

2 &fkbfy eflubkj flubkfc vjubdblf vfu fv,bc uf[ctyt,f= 2 vfstv yfs-mdfvb lfeoeyf8

2 vfi7 fv,frjc vjedblf flubkbfyb uf[ctyt,f0= ceahfpt hjv fub.dbhlf7rjvrfdibhib cfmvtt,b xfikbkb ufmdcj8 smdty [fhs .dtkufy nfmnbfyt,b lfvfhskt,b9 yf,b]c fhfdby ubcojht,s lf hjujhw ufo.j,s buht f,b]t,s=2 pfmhj ]fdhj,lf8

vjmtbatt,sfy rb ljkb yfgthorkt,c bchjlf83ijhb upblfy cfnhajc dtkb8c[dbcb vjlbc xtvb fhf4888fpfhnib itcekb vbnhj vtljktt,bc vjnbdpt vqthjlf82 pfmhj7 fm ufxtht,f fqfh itvb&kbf7 2 smdf vfstv82 cflvt ofdblts7 fqfhw vfmdc cfmvt9 erdt lfqhtdlyty7 fqfhfathb uft-

ut,fs7 vb.hbk-vj.hbk ]fv-zehztkc rb ,bzt,b extvjlfw ffkfut,ty8jhbdt xfc[lyty pfmhjc 3djkufib4 lf bct ofdblyty7 thsfl ituhjdbk

v&qjkt,bc ufhlf fhfdbc ufeubf82 hf rjwyf lf uh&tkb lqtuh&tkt,f lfvbrfhut= 2 pfmhjv bhjybekb

cbyfyekbs ecf.dtlehf82 tu fhbc7 flfvbfyc rfwbc cf[tc hjv erfhufdc lf vjxdtyt,bsb rtsbk-

lqtj,bc ,ehfyib f[dtdc9 cfcfhut,kjl ufvjcf.tyt,tkb tythubf rb cfresf-hb dyt,fsf qtkdbc rjcvtnbrfc [vfhlt,f7 2 vfstv uekbcnrbdbkbs smdf8

2 dth ufe&kt,7 &vfj7 tuht7 ifbzvt,b8 upbc cfnrtwbdbs uflfudbdkbfy lfrtltkpt lfhf,fl fuf.elt,ty= fkbkj lf [dfktj7 vfufcfw itdtcoht,bs lfufvb[ctyt,7 2 bobyfcofhvtn.dtkf fv w[jdht,bc ofqvfhs-ereqvfhsj,bcvwjlyt pfmhjv8

2 vt se ifdbzvt,b7 ity erdt itzvekb [fh7 nbnbrjc vbth fvjwj[ybkb lf

286

vfcfdbs vf[by]b7 2 vfstv fh lfbylj pfmhj82 hfpt dfh itzvekb7 dbcpt yfrkt,fl dw[jdhj,8 rfhub cf[k-rfhb7 cfre-

sfhb 3djkuf47 fhfathb fh vfrkbf9 w[jdht,f cffsbdbs vfmdc fo.j,bkb8 2pfmhjv [tkt,b ufifkf8

2 ity &fkbfy rfhufl bwb7 hf evcufdcj,f [lt,f smdtyc rjkvtehytj,f-ib8 seylfw vfhnj vtw[jdtktj,fib8 fsfc vf[byfwbt,pt vblb[fhs8 vtw[dfht-j,f at[mdti ufstkts7 sfsht,b u.fds lfmbhfdt,ekb7 hfsf ,ytk cfmvtt,-ib [tkb fh itubifkjs sfyfcjaktkt,vf8 rjkvtehytj,f [fk[bcff7 .dt-kfc sfdbcb obkb fmdc cf[fk[j mjyt,fib8 smdty rb cfresfh [fk[c gfhfdssfdbc obkc7 sfy ubrdbhc7 hjv rfhub cf[kb ufmdc lf 3djkubs4 lfchbfkt,9ityb obkb fqfh u.jaybc lf bv vtpj,tkc lf sfyfcjaktkc gfhfd7 .jdtklbkbs qbvbkbs hjv tcfkvt,b lf sfvfvfl e.eht, sdfkt,ib8 mehl,fwf-wj,bc ,eltl fmwbts rjkvtehytj,f8 lqtc fv,frj bv ukt[t,bc [dtlhbshjv qhtj,c7 sfy thbcrfwj,fc emt,s7 hjltvlt itu.dt,fs fctsb rjkvteh-ytj,f lbl gfnfhf vqhqytkb hjv lfctdbf8 itvjutzvt,fs7 lf[hfds7 dthufub&kt,s vjn.et,ekb gfnbjcfyb rfwb9 ,jkjc rb .dtkf vibthb lfhxt-,bs7 hfvtse vrdlfhc hxtyf fh ite&kbf8 vtwjlt,b7 hjv u]thf ityb itezvt-kj,f9 cojhtl tu nbnbrj uzfvc lf7 se lhjpt fh vb[tlfd sfdc7 vjubytkt,crbltw7 vt rb dth itvzfvty7 vbs evtntc dth vjvbytkt,ty9 ]th rb r,bkt,cbvndhtdty v[jkjl8 itb&kt,f vjvcgjy7 vfuhfv dthw itvzfvty lf dthw bpt-bvt,ty xtvc kjhojbfy gfhfpbnfl uflfmwtdfc7 2 vfst ufxevlf8 wjnf [fycfct bfhtc7 pfmhj [vfc dtqfh bqt,lf9 ,jkjc vfbyw vfy lffhqdbf cbxevt8

2 vfst7 ytnfd [ibhfl vfbyw d[dlt,jlts thsvfytsc8 itysfy cfe,hbcitvltu dbn.db7 f[kf rb yfvldbkfl flfvbfyehfl eylf dbveifj-vtsmb7 vthtbctd fvb.jkt,ty lf vbdltd nbnbrjc rdfkc8 vjrktl7 df;rfwj,f fh v.jaybc7fhflf hf dmyf7 ufdbchbct,b8 uflfvbdkbfy lf lfhf,fcfdbs fvf.elt,ty8 lqtcity hjv fh .jabkb.fd7 fk,fs7 vtw bvfscfdbs rjwybc hbuib dblut,jlb lfhfvltybvt lqt gbhc fh lfdb,fylb7 fv,frjc o.fkj,f fh ofvikjlf8 ity rb72 pfmhjc eylf tsmdf7 itbzvt,bj7 vfuhfv dtqfh uf,tlf8 2 ity rb ufubzbhlt-,f8 fb7 yf[fd7 &fkbfy ufubzbhlt,f8

2 ufvbzbhltc7 se fvbs flfvbfyt,c vwbhtlb idt,f vfbyw vbtwtvfs8 fv.fxfqt,ib7 w[dhbc n.fdib hjv bvfkt,bfy lf fyutkjpj,fc b,hfkt,ty7 .dt-kfpt &fkbfy yfvldbk flfvbfyc7 mdt.ybcfsdbc .dtkfpt gfnbjcyt,c ezbhc8otqfy vrbs[t7 ytkbcf lf ujythbc itcf[t,7 lqtc ,tlybthb j]f[b fmds9 .dt-kfc hjv sdfkb lfudt[ezf7 se bwb7 hf vj[lt,jlf0 2 vfstv pfmhjc sfdbfy-sb cneltynj,bc fv,fdb itf[ctyf888

.jxb cfylhjc lfc]f

PFMHJ erdt vt[est rehcpt b.j7 vfst hjv vjto.j lf cnelmfkfmbc bvcfhsekpt lffcf[ktc7 cflfw pfmhj w[jdhj,lf8 thsvfytsb vfkt ufbwytc7lff[kjdlyty8 vfst cofdkfc lf dfh]bic lbl lhjc esvj,lf8 bctsb ,bzt-,bw b.dyty7 lhjbc vjrdkfpt hjv qjylt,jlyty9 vstk lqtc efphj [tnb-fkc fyljvt,lyty8 pfmhj fhw vfstcfdbs bndbhsfdlf sfdc7 vfuhfv fhwvskfl ecfmvehfl b.j8 sfdbc cneltyneh w[jdht,fc cfiefkj ljytpt vbf-ujht,lf8 ufvjwlt,c f,fht,lf7 cnbgtylbf /mjylf7 sdfkib fhfdbc tlt,jlf8

287

cnelmfkfmib w[jdhj,lf eybdthcbntnbc abkjkjubbc afrekntnbc cne-ltynb ytkb [tkf&t8 pfmhjc sfyfrehctk jsfhbc yfstcfdb b.j8 jsfhb lfpfmhj thsfl w[jdhj,lyty8 ytkb ,bzt,c lfcfdbs /.fdlfs vbqt,ekb lf&fkbfy lbl gfnbdc cwtvlyty8 ytkbc sfyfrehctk ujythb cb[fhekb&tc bubufub;t,bs e.dfhlf8 ghjatcjhbc ,bzb b.j8 abpbrehfl cecnb7 vtwflbytj,fcuflf.jkbkb7 athvrhsfkb9 v[jkjl obuyt,bcsdbcff lf,flt,ekbj7 bn.j-lf vbcb vyf[dtkb8 ufhtuyekfl cbvgfsbehb b.j tc [fcbfsbs rtsbkb lfcfsyj ,bzb8 ytkb ]tbhfyc /ufdlf7 dfhcrdkfdt,c tsfvfit,jlf7 cbkfvfptc-sfy thsfl v[bfhekb [fcbfsb lf cbsfvfvt fh frklf7 ujythb vbcb cb.dfhe-kbs cfvb otkb bodjlf7 fhw ytkb b.j vbc vbvfhs uekuhbkb8 ,jkjc7 hj-ujhw b.j7 thsvfytsc uftylyty8 ytkb sfdc ecfpqdhjl ,tlybthfl uh&yj,-lf7 ujythbc cb.dfhekbs zrefc rfhufdlf9 vfkt vij,kt,c uffylj,lyty sf-dbfys uflfo.dtnbkt,fc lf vt[est rehcpt [tkbc vjothfc fgbht,lyty8

ujythbc lf ytkbc cb.dfhekbc fv,fdb cnelmfkfmib .dtkfv bwjlf8 jsf-hbc cfyf[fdfl [ibhfl thsfl vblbjlyty8 ytkbv hfvltybvt]th vfstc gt-hfyub ufeesjdf7 vbcb .ehflqt,f fhw c[df ,bzt,c frklfs8

cnelmfkfmib w[jdhj,lf sfdpt[tkfqt,ekb7 x[e,bcsfdb7 [ekbufyb cfy-lhj ltdlfhbfyb8 eybdthcbntnblfy lf gjkbntmybrehb bycnbnenblfy ufvj-hbw[df erdt vjtcohj7 f[kf abpreknehbc bycnbnenib cofdkj,lf lf cnel-mfkfmib vbc vcufdc jh sfyfrehctksfy thsfl w[jdhj,lf8 cnelmfkfmblfnthjht,ekb /.fdlf8 vfcsfy lfdfc .dtkf thblt,jlf7 sfd[tlj,fw ,tdhbitfhxbytc9 ufsfd[tlt,ekb cfylhj rb eahj sfvfvfl gfhgfij,lf8 ytkbsehvt cfylhjcfw e.dfhlf8 gbhdtkb rehcblfydt ftltdyf7 vfuhfv ytkbvfhfahfl xffulj7 gfce[bc qbhcfl fh [lblf9 ytkb eibifhb lf7 cfzbhjt,bcitvs[dtdfib df;rfwbdbs b.j7 hfvlty]th cfylhjpt cfwtvfl vbbobf8

2 rfhub7 2 lfbmflyf cfylhjv7 2 f,f dyf[js7 hjvtkb ,bzb ufutrfht,f7ltlfc denbht,= ,jkjc vfbyw xtvb bmyt,b=

ytkbc fxhlbkbdbs cek erfy lf/.dt,jlf8 ujythbcsfy thsfl hjv [t-lfdlf7 fh vjcojylf8 ,jkjc lfhoveylf7 ytkbc sfyfrehctkt,vfw es[htc7thsvfytsb e.dfhsj8 cfylhj ujythbc it[dlf eybdthcbntnbc tpjib lf vrfw-hfl uffahs[bkf5

2 ytkbcsfy ufdkbkb se rbltd uyf[t7 bwjlt7 wjw[fkc fh ufubidt,= 2ujythbv vfiby fult,ekfl vjbwbkf8

uf,hfpt,ekb cfylhj cnelmfkfmib lbl[fyc ewlblf8ths[tkfw fyufhbibc ufcojht,bc vjvtynb lfeluf8 gfnfhf crdthib crfvpt

b]lf lf sfdbc fvacjyt,sfy kfpqfylfhj,lf8 ewt, ufmdfdlf7 nhjktb,ecb-lfy ujythb xfvjlbjlf7 bqkbfib obuyt,b lf hdtekt,b fvjtxfhf9 cnelmf-kfmbc tpjib itdblf8 3ytkbcsfy vblbc47 cfylhjv ufbabmhf lf v[ht,bc sf-vfibs ofvjluf8

2 cfl vblb[fh7 ghjatcjhj0 2 lfvwbyfdb qbvbkbs oby uflfeluf lf upffh vbcwf8

2 ufvfnfhts= 2 ujythbv e,h&fyf lf cfsdfkbc ptdblfy it[tlf82 vjbwf7 wjnf [fyc db,fphjs= 2 cfylhj bqkbfib fvjlt,ek obuyt,c

oftnfyf82 vt smdty fh ubwyj,s= 2 ujythbv v[fhb erfy bct ufcobf7 hjv cfylhj

obuyt,c fh vbcodljvjlf8

288

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ythb of,fh,fwlf7 sfdb &kbdc itbrfdf7 cfsdfkt ufbcojhf8cfylhjv fh lff.jdyf7 [tkb v[fhib vfuhfl lffhn.f8 ujythb of,fh,fw-

lf7 hjv fh ofmwtekb.j7 [tkt,b ufifkf9 obuyt,b lf hdtekt,b fcafknptvfhfjcfdbs ufbifkf8 f[kf lfsdbc njhb sfdpt lftwf7 ujythbc ve[kt,bvjtrdtsf8 cfsdfkt vjc&dhf lf lf,kf lftyfhw[f7 sdbsjyfw bmdt xfbve[-kf7 [tkt,bc afsehbs cfsdfkbc &t,yf lfbo.j7 hjujhw b.j bgjdf7 thsbvbyf uf,pfhekb.j8

2 v[twj= [ekbufyj= 2 cfylhjc vbf&f[f lf obuyt,bc frhtaf lfbo.j82 oflb ityb= 2 cfylhjv ob[kb bct vfuhfl fvj/rhf7 hjv cfo.fkb ujyt-

hb gfnfhf ltrjhfnbek qj,tib sfdbs xfthzj82 f[kf tc brvfht= se ytkbcsfy ufdkbkb rbltd uyf[t7 ltlfc ubnbht,= 2

ufvfh]dt,ekb cfylhj vfvkf.byofcfdbs ufa[jhbkb ofdblf lf sfdbc fva-cjyt,c itethslf8

ufafynekb obuyt,b lf hdtekt,b ujythbv &kbdc vjfuhjdf7 bqkbfibfvjbxfhf lf erfy uf,heylf9 ytkb fqfh eyf[fdc8

2 hjujh ofdblf relfvj&et,ekb tu xjmbvrfkbf7 mfkib tu eylf vtwb-kt,jltc0= 2 cfylhjv vrthlpt veinb lfbhn.f8

ytkbc cf.dtlehpt ujythbc fhfathb esmdfvc7 hjv itvgbhlb7 hfnjv fhvj[dtlb7 vstkb lqt utkjlt,jlbj8

bv fv,bc itvltu ujythbv cnelmfkfmbc upf lfbdbo.f7 vfuhfv ytkbc lf;b-yt,ekb s[jdybc itvltu uflfo.dbnf7 uf/.jkjlf8

[tkb[tkxfrblt,ekt,b cnelmfkfmib v[bfhekb rbcrbcbs itdblyty8 vj-ekjlytkfl vfs oby cfylhj fbnepf7 vfsb ,tlybtht,bc upfpt mbvthfcfdbsufodf8

2 it yf,bzdfhj7 hfvlty]th ubs[fh fv ujujcsfy fh ufbfhj-vtsmb= 2ofbcbcbyf lf ujythbcrty ufbobf8

2 [tkb fh lffrfhj= 2 ytkbv e.dbhf8sbsmjc ytkbc [vfv eahj uffqbpbfyfj8 cfylhjv cf[tib bct vfuhfl it-

vj/rhf7 hjv ujythbc cfsdfkt hfvltybvt vtnhpt ufahbylf lf ityj,bcrtltkpt lfbvcd[hf8 ujythb of,fh,fwlf lf ujylfrfhuekb ufbi[kfhsf8

2 v[twj= ufhtofhj= tc hf /mtyb0= 2 ytkb ujythbc vbe,heylf7 ,bzb euj-yjl tulj8 itikbkbdbs twf cfylhjc lf lfvwbyfdb qbvbkbs lfvdtyt,ekcf[tib veint,b lfeibyf8

cfylhjc [tkb fh ite,heyt,bf7 vfuhfv vbcvf &vfrfwt,vf jhbdt [tkb fvj-euhb[tc lf nrbdbkbcfufy frdytct,ekb ujuj ujythbc udthlbs vbfultc8

2 lhj vjdf7 vj[dfk lf itvt[dtot,b9 ufahs[bkt,7 se otcbthfl fhvjbmwtdb7 xtvsfy [fcfl .jayf vjubotdc= 2 cfylhj lftvemhf lf bmfehj,fcufcwbklf8

hfvltybvt lqbc itvltu fnbht,ekb ytkb jsfhbcsfy vbdblf7 pfmhj lfjhb c[df ,bzbw b.j jsf[ib8

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289

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2 sfdbcbs vjbnt[c rbcthc7 2 .dtkf fvfc fv,j,lf8 cfylhj rb lfsfht-ij,lf lf vbcb rbcthbc vjvnt[b fhcfl xfylf8

2 smdtyw vjthblts7 [jv bwbs7 hjujhb fhfvpflff7 vfubcsdbc rfwbc vjr-dkf bjkbf= 2 dbsjv lffhbuf jsfhvf8

ce.dtkf xevfl b.j8 [vfc dthfdby bqt,lf7 ytkbv js[ df;rfwc whtvkbfybsdfkt,bs it[tlf7 ufvjemytkb vjpdht,bdbs b.dyty7 thsfl hjv lfczblt-,jlyty7 fcokbfy ve[fc &bhbfyfl fvjs[hblyty8 vfsb vtuj,fhb ujujc db-qfw fhfvpflf [ekbufybcfufy lfcfwfdfl [vfw rb dth fvjtqjs8 lfv,kflfwt-vekt,bdbs bc[lyty8

2 saeeggg= 2 ytkbv ce.dtkfc vbfaehs[f8 2 smdtyw eylf smdfs7 df;rf-wt,b udmdbfj= 2 rfht,b ufb]f[eyf lf vbcb [vfvfqfkb mdbsbyb nfkfyib ufbc-vf7 ytk-ytkf itcecnlf8 rb,tc xfe.df lf tpjc v[hblfy afy]fhfib itvjbzhf8

,bzt,c &fhqdt,ib cbc[kb uft.byfs7 vfuhfv vfubeh ibic vfbyw dth vjt-hbdyty7 ufmdfdt,ekt,b bc[lyty8

cfylhj ujythbc sfdbc cf[kbc res[tib uflfeluf lf ths[tk rbltduffahs[bkf5

2 se bv ujujc sfdc fh lffyt,t,7 ths vidtybth lqtc rfnfcfdbs lfuf[-hxj,= 2 lftvemhf8 ujythb cf,jkjjl of[lf8 ytkbc felbnjhbfibw rb thb-lt,jlf7 kfgfhfrc dtqfh e,tlfdlf8

ujuj xfvj[vf7 ujythbw lfbkbf7 ,jkjc ytkbc uflfvo.dtnb cbn.df es[-hf5 2 ytkb7 tn.j,f xdtyb iteqkt,f dth vj[th[lt,f7 bc uflfhtekb [ekb-ufyb cbwjw[ktc ufudbvofht,c7 c]j,c thsvfytsc lfdijhlts9 sevwf eit-yjl cbwjw[kt fh itvb&kbf7 2 ujythbc mdbsbyb fedfhlf7 sdfkt,pt [tkbfbafhf lf ufbmwf8

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kjc lf ,jkjc vbylf ufdbuj7 2 bct smdf7 fv s[jdybc itchekt,fpt tzdb fhtgfht,jlf8

,bzt,b [vfc dth bqt,lyty8 ytkb ief jsf[ib ufrdbhdt,ekb bluf9 gfce[bdth vbbqj7 e[th[ekb levbkb ufvtalf8

ewt, rfhb ufbqj7 jsf[ib vfstv itb[tlf7 2 ufvfh]j,fs= 2 [vfvfqkflfb&f[f7 gfce[b hjv dth vbbqj7 jsf[ib ufrdbhdt,ekb itdblf8

2 hf sfd-gbhb xfvjunbhbs7 welb fv,fdb [jv fh ufbuts0 2 brbs[f8ytkbv sfdb dth itbrfdf7 nbhbkb fedfhlf7 sdfkt,pt [tkb fbafhf lf

290

crfvpt lftv[j82 hf vj[lf7 ytkb0 2 hfpt nbhb[fh0 2 vfst itiajslf82 ueiby ujythbv ufvjvbw[flf7 xdty thsvfytsc eylf lfdwbkltsj= 2

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vfj0 ghjatcjhbc idbkb hjv dfh bvbnjvj0= 2 ltlfc denbht,= 2 vfstvr,bkt,ib ufvjcwf8

2 bvbc ,hfkb fh fhbc= 2 ytkbv nbhbkbs es[hf82 f,f7 vfiby ityb ,hfkb .jabkf lf hfqf ufnbht,c0= 2 vfst uf,hfplf82 fhf vfst7 ity fh bwb7 hfibf cfmvt7 ujythb sfdbc v[hbd fh n.ebc7 vt

vfc ufub;t,bs de.dfhdfh82 dthfathb ufvbubf7 2 xfbkfgfhfrf vfstv82 vjvbcvbyt7 .dtkfathc vjub.dt,b7 2 ytkbv whtvkt,bc .kfgdbs lf-

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291

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2 ufvbidb [tkb= 2 e.dbhf ytkbv82 vjbwf= ,bzvf vtjht [tkbw lfezbhf lf vfuhfl uflfenhbfkf8 ytkbv

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rjhgect,bc ufcodhbd e[vjl vblbjlyty7 vfst [tkib ithxtybk crfvbcat[c fsfvfit,lf8 ytnf hfnjv es[hf cfylhjc7 vt vb.dfhcj7 yese vfhskffctf7 bmyt, fvbnjvfw ufvjv.df7 yese .dtkf vfvfrfwb tujbcnbf7 v[jkjlsfdbcsdbc wlbkj,c= 2 abmhj,lf itiajst,ekb ujuj8

2 ytkb7 ujythbcsfy dth ufvjv.dt,b0 2 vfstv ewt, /rbs[f82 ujythbcsfy hf ubylf0= 2 lfvahs[fkvf ujujv rbs[df ite,heyf lf

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2 vb.dfhc7 sfdlfdbo.t,bs vb.dfhc= 2 sfdxfmbylhekvf ujythbv ofble-leyf8

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292

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2 bc yf,bzdfhb cfl fhbc0= 2 jsfhc sfdpt lffluf lf lfbqhbfkf82 dby ubylf0 2 jsfhvf itrfdt,ekb vqtkdfht,bs /rbs[f82 ityc rf[gf yfstcfdsfy hjv lftshtdf=2 xtvb yfstcfdb rf[gf fh fhbc= 2 jsfhvf ie,kb itbrhf82 ltlfc ubnbht,s= .dtkfc ufuo.dbnfds= 2 cfylhjv lfyf lffnhbfkf 8

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293

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2 exdtyjl fhcfl of[dblt8 [dfk .dtkf vpfl dbmyt,bs7 cfcflbkjc obygfhrsfy lfdbwfljs7 bm vjudfrbs[t,c7 2 lffhbutc vfst888

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stc sfdpt lffluf7 fmts-bmblfy jhb reysjcfyb fvjeluf7 lfyfhxtyb js[bwbmfdt ufxthlf8

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294

]fl egfce[f52 itysfy lfcfvfkb hf vzbhc=cfylhjv at[t,ib at[b fvj/rhf7 veinb bct vjemybf7 hjv [tkbc it,heyt-

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2 tctybw f[dht,b fhbfy7 fvfsb ltlf=88 2 dbqfwfv lfb&f[f lf ths vfsufyccf[tib veinb lff]f[f8 sbsmjc fvfc tkjlytyj8 f[kf fv ,bzt,c lfthbdyty7,hfuf,heub fent[tc8

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295

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2 vbcsdbc rfhub vbylf7 vfuhfv dthfahbs dth [th[lt,f ztivfhbnt,fitfuyt,byj8 itb&kt,f sdbsjyfw bwbc7 hjv vffvt,kt,b .fk,fl fmt,ty7 cb-yfvldbkt rb cek c[dfc qfqflt,c7 vfuhfv vfc lf vbc vcufdc vtlhjdtt,c fctfo.j,s8 rjveybcnt,bc vfynbfib itv&dhfkyb [dfk cfobyffqvltuj mflfut-,fc vbtnvfcyt,bfy7 se fvbs vfs ghbdbktubht,ekb vlujvfhtj,f iteyfh-xeylt,fs8 epfhvfpfh tythubfc akfyufdty vjxdtyt,bs rtsbklqtj,bc it-cfmvytkfl ufvfhsek gjvtpeh qjybc&bt,fpt8 tythubfc aemcfdfnj,fpt [fh-]fdty7 bvbcfsdbc hjv sfdbfysb tujbcnehb vbpyt,b lfbrvf.jabkjy8 vtcfvt[fhbc[jdfyc uflff.jkt,ty vstk &fkfc lf tythubfc7 gbhdtk[fhbc[jdfycrb o.fkc uffnfyty8 [vfehb fnt[tc rfrj ,tyfidbkbc yfhrdtdpt7 bvbnjv7 hjvvfspt b.j kfgfhfrb9 v[jkjl &vf-,bzehb mt,f7 cfmvtpt rb fhw-thsb cbn.df7jqjyl sdbsjy rfhufl lf s,bkfl b.dyty7 lfyfhxtyb at[t,pt /rblbfs8 xtv-pt hjv b.jc7 ,tyfidbkc bv yfhrdtdc sfdpt uflfdfa[hbofdlb9 fhfdby bwbc7cfyfvlt vbdkty7 zfj,ib hfvltyfl lfqhvfdlt,bfy7 thsb rb w[flbf7 bcbybcfylhjc fvfkfc udfyfy7 ths[tk lfcfchekb vcufdcb tmyt,fs= 2 vfst uf-xevlf8

hfbjybc wtynhc vbef[kjdlyty8pfmhj xfabmht,ekb b]lf82 vfst7 2 lfbo.j pfmhjv7 2 hjlbc utwkt,f0 ofvjlb7 vtw[dfhtt,b th-

sfl dyf[js8 ereqvfhsj,f ptdblfy vjlbc7 fvf mdt.ybc &kbthyb [tkc ei-kbfy ,tlybthb w[jdht,bc itmvyfc9 &fkbc lf eakt,bc itvotj,bs b[dtztyehut, mjyt,fc7 akfyufdty vihjvtksf jakbs vjyfgjdfhc7 fvbnjvfw [tk-afcb fhfdbc .jaybc8 dbcfw hfpt vbeodlt,f [tkb7 bgfhfdc bvfpt vtnc7 dblht

296

czbhlt,f7 sfdc bpqdtdc7 dby bwbc hf vj[ltc82 cojht [fh7 .dtkf hfqfwfc bgfhfdc7 .dtkf lfvfnt,bs itvjcfdfkc

t&t,c7 hjv fqbrdtsjc tc [dtzf-ukt]f7 ertstcfl dbw[jdhjs bmyt,8 eylfvjb&t,yjc bctsb w[jdht,bc otcb7 hjv crfvjcfy ,qty&t,c w[jdht,bc cbyfv-ldbkbc uf.fk,t,bc cfiefkt,f vjtcgjs7 gfhfpbnb7 eybzj lf tujbcnb vbceqbhc sfyfvlt,j,fpt dth uf&dhtc9 flfvbfyt,b hovtybs tvcf[eht,jlytyvbylj,bk cfmvtc7 cb.dfhekbs b.dyty ufvczdfkekb gfnbjcfyb vihjvtkbflfvbfyt,bcflvb7 2 vfst jwyt,fib ofcekb kfgfhfrj,lf8

2 w[dfhib hjlbc ofdblts088 2 /rbs[f pfmhjv82 ptu cfqfvjc lfubhtrfd7 se vjbwkb7 lbkbs flht ofdblts82 cfl vbub.dfyj02 reknehbc gfhrib7 ntybcc dbsfvfit,9 qdbyjw ufvbdkbc82 rfwj7 vukbc sfdpt cf[fht,fc hjv rbs[ekj,lyty7 bct vjulbc8 fv,f-

rjv [jv ubs[hf7 gbyu-gjyuc sfvfij,7 3nehybrpt4 trblt,b7 rbyjib lflb[fh7vujyb rekncf[kibw7 hfqf lfhxf gbhlfgbh lfcf[dhtnb [fh= 2 pfmhj v[b-fhek [fcbfspt lfluf7 jhbdtv ufbwbyf8

,bkbfhlbc ufrdtsbkb ,qty&bcfsdbc

,YTKJLF8 gfhrib v.elhjt,f ceatdlf8 cbyfskbc ,j&pt xfvjrblt,ekbyfsehf vj&fkt,ek cb,ytktc ofhevfnt,kfl t,h&jlf9 vfhnj ,j&bc bhud-kbd fyfst,lf8 ,ytkb erfy lfb[tdlf .dtkf ,j&pt hjv yfsehf lftrblfs lfsfdbcb yfst,bs bcbybw it,vjlyty ,ytkc7 vfuhfv ]th vfhnj thsc tysj lfezbhlf8 c[bdt,c uekpt f,]tylf ctdlfcfdbs vjojkbk cb,ytktc7 tysj lfbvtlbs tkjlf bv qfvtc7 hjwf c[df ,j&t,ptw yfseht,b frbfat,jlyty8

reknehbc gfhrbc lbhtmnjhb7 rjnt abhfidbkb flubkpt xfylf7 vbcbcfveifj jsf[blfy cbyfskt ufvjlbjlf8 udbfyj,fvlt e.dfhlf lfhxtyf7 cf-zflhfrj tnbelt,c fhxtdlf7 sdbsjyfw flutylf8

vfstv rfhb ahs[bkfl itfqj7 rjnt lbdfypt b]lf7 pehub vfuhfl vbt.e-lt,byf lf ufintht,ekb sdfkt,b zthbcsdbc vbtg.hj8 jwyt,fib se abmhibbct b.j xf&bhekb7 vfstc itvjcdkf dth ufbuj8

2 lfsdfkt0 2 /rbs[f vfstv8rjnt ufvjthrdbf7 vfstc lffwmthlf82 ufahtybkfy= 2 egfce[f lf lby]fl ofvjluf7 2 ntybcc [jv fh bsfvf-

it,lb0 2 f[fkb hfrtnt,b vjvbnfytc7 dbtnyfvbcff8vfst lbdfypt lftidf82 fh vbylf7 v&bvt [fcbfspt dfh7 itysfy bmyt, wjnf lfdbcdtyj82 lfbcdtyt7 tut zthbw vfyl fhbc7 hfvltyb ,epb lf]lt,f lf fahbylt,f7

fyufhbib xfvf,fht= 2 rjnt bctsb njybs kfgfhfrj,lf7 ew[j rfwb [evhj-,bc ybifyo.fkc dth itfn.j,lf8

vfst zthc lffrdbhlf8 thsb ahsfxfvjidt,ekb ,epb cgjynfyehfl vj&hf-j,lf8

2 hfvltybw lfahbylt,f7 bvltyb fahbylt,f82 ity ubylf smdf7 hjv hfvltybw fqvfhsbf7 lfqvfhsbw bvltybf0 fh

lfub]tht,8 uffxybf dbcsdbc fqvfhsbf lf dbcsdbc lfqvfhsb8 tu ,epb zthibhjv lf,h&fylt,f7 thsfl thsbf fv jsf[ib8 otqfy vezblfy ufvb&dhf8 vfc

297

itvltu zthpt pbc lf lf,kf fqfh xfvjlbc7 bwbc7 se fahbylt,f7 itb&kt,fbcts flubkpt lfahbyltc7 hjv cekfw bm lfhxtc8

2 ity uujybf7 vfufc tibybf lf bvbnjv fh ahbylt,f0 fh lfb]thj8 tn.j-,f7 ahsf cnrbdf7 hjujhw vjeieilt,f7 fsfcb cbrdlbkbw hjv tkjlt,jltc7vfbyw fahbylt,f8 dbcfw ahtyf ite&kbf7 ths[tk fahtyfc fh ufcwdkbc fcbokbc cbwjw[ktpt= 2 vfstv rjntc it[tlf7 vfc [tkib gbyu-gjyubc xjuyt,btzbhf lf vfwlehfl fnhbfkt,lf8

2 cfblfy f[fkb hfrtnt,b02 bv ukt[bdbs lfvtvfhsf7 &vf hjv vjerdlf8 vbyldhblfy vjcekc re,j-

ib xfcdtyt,ekb lf[dlf8 ueklfvodfhvf ,jqvbc ujhufkb &kbdc uflf.kfgf7c[df dthfahbc smvf dth vjf[th[f7 sdfkwhtvkbfyvf vbfnbhf9 2 lfbhn.bfpbfncrt,bj7 2 ufyvfhnf sfdbcb vlujvfhtj,f8

2 dth ufdbut7 ity hjvtkb res[blfy ublut,f tu fytrljnb0= 2 ufbrdbhdfvfstv8

2 vt fv,fdc vjub.dt,b lf vtht ity vbe.tyt res[t9 jqjyl ofvjlb7 wjnf[fyc ofdbsfvfijs8

vfstv thsb xjufyb ufvjfhsdf82 vjbwf7 vjbwf7 lfktekb xfy[fh8 ity utyfwdfkt7 &kbdc fh uflvj[dtlb

xdtyc htkct,pt0= 2 rjntv xjufyb vfublfpt lffulj lf vfstcsfy vbdblf7 2qdbyj fh lfkbj7 gfgbhjcb fh vjobj7 mfkt,ib fh bfhj7 fh ufwbdlt lflbl[fyc bwjw[kt,j7 fct lffhbuf xtvb zrebc tmbvvf ityb zrebc gfwbtynb8vtht gfwbtynvf7 ths[tk7 bc tmbvb ufukt]bkb vsdhfkb7 gbhib cbufhtn-ufhzj,bkb udthlpt vidtybthb fcekbs htcnjhfyib lelerpt vjmtbat hjvyf[f7 ecf.dtlehf5 it rfb rfwj7 vt .ddtkfathb fvbrh&fkt7 ity rb hfc idht-,bj= hf egfce[f tmbvvf0 2 rjnt vrfwhb ufvjvtn.dtkt,bs lffluf sfdptvfstc lf cvtyf lf&f,f5

2 /j7 vtht tmbvvf egfce[f5 vfvfw[jyt,ekj7 ity lblb [ybs cbwjw[ktubyljlf7 vtw ubhxbt8 vt rb lhjcnfht,f lf vjrkt cbwjw[kt vbhxtdybfj,vjrblt,ek ktibc shtdfc8 ity lferfh= 2 rjntv [tkt,b ufifkf7 2 ofvj-lb7 se ubylf thsb [tkb ,bkbfhlb utsfvfij7 vtht7 yf[tdfhb ,jskb qdb-yj7 cfvb wfkb v;fdt rbnhb7 thsb ufe[cytkb rjycthdb lf gfnfhf gehbcyfzthb vfmdc7 se rfhufl vjbmwtdb7 lfugfnb;t,0=

2 ofdblts7 dtwlt,b rfhufl vjdbmwt8rjntv jhb f[fkb rbb ufvjbnfyf8vfstv thsb ufvjfhsdf7 [tkib itfnhbfkf lf ufrdbhdt,ekvf es[hf5 2

ity yfndhbc sdfkb [jv fh ubijdbf7 itvs[dtdbs02 yfndhbcsdfkb rb fhf7 zbhb dbgjdt8 jh rdbhfpt vtnbf fm fqfh .jabk-

[fh7 dth ofhvjbluty7 hf ]j]j[tsb nhbfkt,c= 2 rjntv [tkpt wfhwbc ofc-vf lfbo.j8

vfstv cfvres[tlfl lfo.j,bk ifht,c &kbthfl lffhn.f lf thsbfyfllfifkf8

2 fqfh eikbfy0= 2 rjntv ufbrdbhdf7 2 ity hf7 fhbac tsfvfit,b0 it[tlt7hfvltyb yfqlb ifhb lfvb.tyt= 2 rjnt lfcfhn.vtkfl vjtvpflf8

2 bct [fh dbqfwbcufy lfpfahekb7 cfibib fqfh eylf b.j vujyb7 2 uffqb-pbfyf vfstv8

2 vjlb fm7 2 rjntv ifhc fqfh lffhn.f7 vfstc [tkb vj/rblf lf vtjht

298

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2 x[e,b b.j02 x[e,c hf ezbhc7 fm hjv fv,fdb lfnhbfklf7 wfkb sdfkbs dbwbyjlb7

wfkbs rbltd dnbhjlb8fvfcj,fib vfstv qepbcrty ufcojht,ek ifhc lffhn.f7 2 fhbc= 2 qbvb-

kbs smdf82 f[kf xtvb hbub b.j82 ifhbw ity xfbsdfkt8 hfc bs[jd7 vfqfhbxb uflfub[flj vfu fv,bc vj-

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vbdbqt, v[tldtkj,fib ths vkjwdtkc7 vfst ,fqfidbkc7 hjvtkbw fh udb-dbo.t,c7 sdbsjy fv,frj itvjdblf sfdbcb vhfdfkhbw[jdfyb fvfkbs9 bm,h&fylt,jlyty sdbsjy rerehb vbmtkfidbkb lf dfkthbfy df[f[bidbkbw8vfs ptvlujvb lblb sfyfvlt,j,bc rfwb f[klfs7 fv,frjc uflfzfh,t,ekvjobot,fpt itdfn.dt8 ]th xtvc jsf[ib itvjkfulyty7 fv,frjc v[kt,tksflf&f,ek-lfpfahek lf v[lfk cbafst,c hjv itd[tlt7 vtw vtodbf lf&f,e-kj,f7 sevwf hf c]j,lf ufwbyt,fc8 bc rfwb bctsb eiefkj7 e,hfkj7 s,bkblf uekqbf vtxdtyf7 vfibydt vjdbwbkt lf&f,ekj,bc ndbhsb8

2 fe[ctyb ityb vhfdfkof[yfujdfyb veifj,bc itcf[t,9 uflvjbqt itche-kt,ekb cfveifjt,bc7 utuvt,bc lf fvjwfyt,bc vfcfkt,b9 xmfhf7 xmfhf= 2rerehf lf dfkthbfyb vjvwdblyty8

2 vt lfdb,ty7 e]hbcfrty ofdtlb7 vfuhfv hfc s[jekj,lyty lf hf eylfvtxdtyt,byf7 fhw vt dbwjlb lf fhw bvfs8

2 hf umdbf0 2 bv lfkjwdbkvf qbvbkbs vrbs[f82 rjnt82 fhfathb fh vbylf7 ofvjlb7 ityb vtehytj,f lfdfsdfkbthjsj7 2

[tkpt [tkb ofvfdkj jsf[t,bcrty ofvb&qdf8cfvrbs[dtkj lfh,fpib itdtlbs7 lffsdfkbthf7 vfvfidbkehfl vtkfgf-

hfrt,jlf7 vtw bctsb sfdbceakt,f dbuh&ty7 itysfy hjv dkfgfhfrj,7 bctsfvfvfl db.fd8 vfublfcsfy lf]lf lf cfe,fhb ufvb,f8 des[fh7 hjv eybdth-cbntnbc bcnjhbekb afrekntnb vmjylf lfvsfdht,ekb8 thsb xtvb tnbelbwlfvfo.j,byf7 ufezbhlf7 vfuhfv fvj[cyf8 obuyt,c se rbs[ekj,j7 vrbs[f8vtw xfvjdesdfkt8 pjub ofrbs[ekb /mjylf7 pjubths uvbhbc [fcbfspt rfvf-sb vjudbdblf8 xdtyb ,tljdkfst,b sdfkt,c vbmfxfdlyty7 ufxthlbj8 vt xtvbgjpbwbt,b fh lfdsvt7 fhw bvfy lfsvj8 vjrktl7 fv,frj bct uf,hfplf7 rbyf-qfv sfdib xfvbsfmf8 bvfy rb vjv[dbf [tkb lf ueks,bkfl uflfvrjwyf7 &fkbfylblb cbfvjdyt,f vbdbqt itysfy cfe,hbs7 cojhtl fctsb f[fkufphlt,b vjv-ojycj7 vtht ufbqbvf lf lfevfnf7 vtw [jv ]benb vj[ewb ufvjdltmbj8 lf-yfhxtyt,bc cf[tt,c hjv itd[tlt7 rbyfqfv cbwbkb fvbn.lf7 yf&fkfltdfl bqb-vt,jlyty lf sfy sdfkt,ib vkbmdytkb c[bdb e,pbyfdlfs8

2 rjnt7 hf dmyf7 &vfj7 vtw itycfdbs dth dbnfy fv j[th gfhflekj,fc lfvbs evtntc7 relmbwbyt,c= 2 ufbwbyf lf gbyugjyubc jsf[ib itdblf8

2 ntybcbc vfublfw umjybfs7 fv,frj7 bmyt, thsb [tkb udtsfvfif0= 2 es[-hf lf cfyfv cbn.dfc lffvsfdht,lf7 xdtyb f[fkb hfrtnt,b vbdfojlt8

299

2 fvfc rb dth vjubojyt,7 xtvj rjnt7 2 vbs[hf7 2 itybcsfyf ,bzc ertst-cb tresdybc8

fv,frjv bct uflvjv[tlf7 sbsmjc xf.kfgdfc egbht,cj82 ,bzj7 fm hjv pb[fh ecfmvjl7 vjlb7 udbs[fhb7 uds[jdt= 2 vt &fkbfy

ufvbrdbhlf7 ulb[fhj hjv fh vbs[hf8itdfn.dt7 bv rfwc fvudfhb vjvfhsdf fh tcbfvjdyf82 tc &fkbfy rfhub hfrtnt,bf7 vt db[evht7 cgjhnbc jcnfnt,c hjv fmds7

fvfs hfib czbhlt,fs bctst,b7 2 qbvbkbs smdf lf sdfkb xfvbrhf82 xdtyb hfbjyb bcts ljytptf7 hjv cbhw[dbkbf evfqktcb [fhbc[bc hf-

rtnt,bc ufhtit db.js= 2 fvf.fl7 sdbslf]tht,ekfl smdf bylfehbdbs ufa[j-hbkvf fv,frjv8

2 &fkbfy rfhub7 &fkbfy rfhub= 2 bc rfwb lftsfy[vf7 uekib rb dbwb7hfcfw vt dabmhj,lb7 bvfc abmhj,lf8

vfhsfkbf fcfrb /mjylf lf cbvcemytw itgfhjlf7 vfuhfv hfrtnf hjvlfbzbhf lf ufxthlf7 vbd[dlb7 rfhub vjsfvfit eylf .jabkb.j8

fv,frjc hjv itd[tlt7 uekb ufvbodhbklf7 hfrtnf vfuhfl xft,qe]f lfbctsb lf&f,ekb bluf7 sbsmjc [fhc eylf ittzbljcj8

gbhdtkb cnevfhvf lfehn.f7 vtcbfvjdyf7 lf,fkb lf[dtekb ufeidf7 fv-,frjv [tkb cflqfw c[dfufy ufbmybf8 vtjht xdtekt,hbdb7 vfqfkb cfcofdkjlfehn.f7 fv,frjv rbltd ufbmybf [tkb7 vfuhfv ,ept,bc vjcfuthbt,kfl seufvjlut,jlf vbcb vj&hfj,f8 f[kf fv,frjv lffhn.f7 hfrtnf vfuhfl vjbm-ybf7 ,ehsc itvs[dtdbs vjfhn.f7 vjobyffqvltubc vfublfpt lftwf lf zthcvbfcrlf9 sfdb &kbdc itdbrfdt7 hjv fh ufvwbyt,jlf7 zbhbceafkbdbs lfdbq-hb]t8 bv rfwvf fhfathb fuh&yj,byf7 hfrtnf vfublfpt lflj lf c[df jsf[t-,b lfdfsdfkbthjsj7 smdf8

f[kf ,bkbfhlbc jsf[ib vjd[dlbs8 rbb fbqj lf jh]th bctsb vj[ltyb-kfl lffhn.f7 ituiehlt,jlf8

2 fv,frj7 [jv fh bsfvfit,lb0 2 /rbs[f lf rbltd thsb ifhb ufeidfqepfib8

fv,frjc rbb bct vfhubkbdbs tzbhf7 vfibydt vbd[dlb7 hjv tc vbcsdbcgbhdtkb [bkb b.j8 vjrktl7 hfqf vtnb ufdfuh&tkj7 ifhc ffwbkf7 rbb odt-hbs vfelc ufe.fhf7 lf,ytekvf lf lfvahs[fkvf f[kf vfqkf fcobf lfthsb ,bkbfhlb o.j,blfy ufvjb.dfyf8

bv rfwc cf[tpt ervf.jabkt,f firfhfl ittn.j82 fv,frj ,bkbfhlbc sfvfib fh uwjlybf= 2 es[hf7 2 vfuhfv fhwjlyf

wjldf fh fhbc7 wjldf fhwjlybc fhrbcht,ff7 vfuhfv eahj lblb wjldff7fhvwjlytc sfdb vwjlytl hjv vjfmdc= 2 rbb rtltkpt vbf.elf7 s,bkflufvbqbvf7 ufvjvtvidblj,f lf ufhts ufdblf8

rerehf lfvs[dtekb vjvdfhlf52 eahjcc tc hf vhelt ]j[b vjenfyt7 rfhub dth fehxbt0= 2 f.dbhlf7

thsb cekb vmjylf7 cf[tib [tkereqvf vts[kbif8 bctsb [vbs .dbhjlf7 vbcb[vf7 fk,fs7 bv cnevhfvlt fqotdlf7 fv,frjc rb cbfvjdyt,lf ufvjcfdfkbhjv bgjdf9 vfuhfv bc lfkjwdbkb7 sdfkt,ib xfu[tlfdlf lf ufbut,lf7 hfcabmhj,lb9 vqdltkc zbkj,ib dth bwyj,lf0=

xtvb e,tleht,f rb fvbc itvltu lfbo.j8 ]th reknehbc ufy.jabkt,bcufvutv ufvjvb&f[f7 .dbhbkb lfvbo.j7 gfhrib reknehekb veifj,f xfikb-

300

kb ufmdc7 rbb-t,b lf hfrtnt,b edfhubcb lf uflfcf.htkbf7 vbc it&tyfpt fhpheyfds9 ew[j rfwsfy hfbjyb itfhw[dbyts lf fv,frjc sfdb vjczthbj8 vtwfvtdcj vjsvbyt,bc abfkf5 itvhw[dtybw lf lfv,hfkt,tkbw-vtsmb=

,jkjc7 ths vidtybth lqtc xdtyb rerehf lf gehghjlemnt,bc ,fpbclbhtmnjhb hf;ltyf vjvfluyty8

2 hf ubzbhc0= 2 rerehfv fvf.fl vrbs[f82 fhfathb7 2 degfce[t82 fv qdsbcybth rfwc xffothbyt7 hfvltyb hfrtnf lf rbb uzbhlt,f= 2

vbs[hf lf [tkbs hf;ltyfpt vfybiyf7 bcfw vfublfcsfy lf]lf7 afymfhb lfmfqfklb vjbvfh]df8

2 hfvltycfw vjbnfys7 smdtyb yt,ff7 2 vt degfce[t82 tu hf gfce[bf0 cfmvbc rehcib fhf [fh= jhb ,bkbfhlb ubluf lf hfv-

ltyb ]j[b uzbhlt,f7 fh bwb= 2 rerehf f.dbhlf82 hfvltybw vzbhlt,f7 vfmdc7 se dbyvtc xdtyb fh vjcojyc7 cfresfhbc

vjnfyfc fhfdby eikbc= 2 vtjht jsf[ib ufdtlb7 fsb xjufyb lf thsb bqkbfrbbt,b ufvjdbnfyt8 2 fb7 fvfc /mdbf hfrtnt,b7 fvfc rbltd ]j[t,b= 2 rerehbccfsbsfjl vbdesdfkt7 2 hjwf uyt,fds vj,h&fylbs lf hfvltybw ubylfsbsfvfits8 se ertstcb [fhbc[bc ubylfs7 vjbnfs7 vfufc xtvb ufyfw[flb fhczbhlt,f8

rerehf lfb,yf8 hf;ltyfv afymfhb lf mfqfklb sfdbc flubkfc lflj82 ofdblts= 2 rerehfv uf,hfpt,bs smdf7 2 fvfc vt vjdedkb82 hjwf vjdkf lffgbhj7 vtw itvt[vbfyt= 2 vbdf.jkt7 2 thsb cekb vmjy-

lf7 .dtkfahbcfsdbc vbvtaehs[t,byf lf rerehf thsb rfhufl lfvtpbkf8fv js[b lqbc obyfs rb gbhdtkb ofhvjlutyf vmjylf8 ieflqbcfc fv,frj

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2 ,tlybthb [fh7 efhtcb hjv fh ubyf[fdc= 2 vfstv v[fhpt [tkb lffhn.f72 ofdblts7 bc ,epb dyf[js fahtyf-lfahtybc ,fkfycb ufcojhlf se fhf8

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itdblf8 kfkbc sdfkt,bs vbtcfkvf8 trfc [tkb ahs[bkfl vjesfseyf8 xf&byt-,ekvf ,fdidvf sdfkt,b uff[bkf7 vfvf lfbyf[f lf fkfkb cb[fhekb qbvb-kbs fesfvfilf7 &bkc dtqfh vjthbf7 sdfkt,b bctd lf[ezf lf eiajsdtkb&bkbc ybckib ufthbf8

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pt yfvheifkb lf uf[tsmbkb vsdhfkb vjuflut,f7 sfy utn.dbc7 eahjct,sfydbmtbatj7 fh lfe]thj= cbyfvldbktib fct fhbc7 hjujhw vt ute,yt,bj8

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302

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vtehytj,f ofkrjnb lfe&f[jy82 cfrbs[b lff.tyt7 bmyt, tu obyflflt,f ufdbltc7 2 pfmhjv ehxbf82 v[fhc lfvbzths0 2 brbs[f rjntv82 vt sfdc dbrfdt,7 2 smdf pfmhjv82 vt obyffqvltub dfh7 2 xfvjb,thn.f abmht,b vfstv8rjkvtehytj,bc rjvrfdibhbc vlbdfyb7 vfverf upbhbidbkb pfmhjc udth-

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2 ity hfnjvqf brfdt, sfdc0=2 f[kf pfmhjc lfveifdt,fc iteluf sfdbcbfphbc lfvwdtkb8

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2 fh fhbc cojhb itlfht,f= 2 ittlfdf rjnt82 vt dsmdb5 sfyf[vf [fh se fhf7 ,h&tyc ,h&tyb lfde&f[js lf fhf cektkb82 vfstc gfce[b ityt,ehfl itb&kt,f fct uflfdsfhuvyjs9 c]j,c ,h&tyc

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cfobyffqvltuj7 2 qbvbkbs lffcrdyf pfmhjv8

303

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rfrfyc lf .dtkfc uffut,byt,c7 hjv rdthw[bc lfcflt,fl vblbc8vfymfyf bjhc vbef[kjdlf8bjhb fvqdhtekb vjlbjlf7 2 tn.j,f cflqfw ptdbs bodbvf7 2 smdf pfm-

hjv lf vfymfyf vlbyfhtib ahs[bkfl itb.dfyf7 ajyc vb/.df82 fvab,bff7 gbhlfgbh fvab,bff= 2 pfmhjv jhbdt [tkb lffhn.f cfztc8

o.fkvf ptdbs fbobf7 afht,c itvjfluf7 vfymfyfc ufezbhlf82 fvab,bfc [jv fh vbdfodts0 2 brbs[f rjntv82 se dbhbdbs lfodf7 vbojkf rb fhf7 cekb ,jhjnbc cbvqthfw dtqfh

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2 se [blb b.j7 hf cf[hxj,tkf ufudbvfhst= 2 ecf.dtlehf rjntv82 fsfvlt rbkjvtnhb vjdbuts82 ity fh ufubujybf7 ijhb upf vjbfht lf iby vidblj,bs vblbj0 2 itf[-

ctyf rjntv82 ufvbujybf lf vfufc erfy hjv ufvjd,heylt,bs7 vfiby ufvjdb.tyt,s8

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2 vfiby vt uflfdhxtybkdfh7 &fqkb obofrbfy cfzvtkc fh zfvc7 2 rjntvsfdb lfbbvtlf8

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304

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2 lfsf gfgfc ufevfh]jc= 2 v[bfhekfl vbtcfkvf pfmhj82 ufubvfh]jc= pjjntmybrjcj7 rbltd rfhubf ity vfbyw ufuf[ctylbs= 2

ecf.dtlehf lfsf gfgfv lf sfy afhserpt [tkt,bc ovtylf lfbo.j82 ufbwfyb7 tc hfbjybc rjvrfdibhbc vlbdfybf7 tc rb reknehff7 2 pfmhjv

jhbdt lfsf gfgfc ofhelubyf82 vfubcsdbc reknehf dfh7 itysdbc upff,ytekb yfrjvrfdibhtkb7 2 of-

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305

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2 xdty lfyfhxty ,hbuflt,cfw vjdbdkbs7 cfqfvjpt rb smdtyb cnevht,bdbmyt,bs8 vfiby ufdfhxbjs .dtkf cfrbs[b7 2 o.yfhfl smdf pfmhjv lf vfy-mfyfib xf]lf8

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lfy xfvjdblf8vwbht ujubf &fqksfy thsfl vblbjlf82 r,tyf [jv fh bwbc0= 2 lfe&f[f rjntv82 r,tyf hjv bwbc7 bvbnjv ofvjdb.dfyt7 sfyfw .dtkfpt ]fybfybf7 2 thsb

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2 se vfu ]fycf lf r,tyfc vfhnj vukt,bcfsdbc byf[fdc7 rfhub .jabkfityb &fqkb7 2 ahs[bkfl smdf rjntv8

2 ye utibybfs7 smdty fh uthxbs= 2 vwbht ujubfv lfsdbdbs pjh,f lf,fy]udkbfy &fqkc sfdpt [tkb uflfecdf8

2 rfhub w[dfhb u.fds7 2 itfmj pfmhjv82 rfhub vfiby bmyt,jlf7 cf&jdht,b hjv udbdfhujltc7 f,f uf[tlt7 w[df-

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2 dfff= hf ,tlc dtobt7 rfwj= 2 uferdbhlf82 f,f7 rfhufl b.fdb7 ujub7 cfqfvjpt ubyf[ekt,s= 2 pfmhjv vfymfyf fl-

ubkblfy lf&hf8882 cfkfv pjjntmybr pfmhjc7 cfkfv= 2 vbtut,fs vt[est ,hbuflbc ,hbuf-

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307

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309

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310

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,hbuflbhb otkvjo.dtnbkb ofvjluf8 tc cbcektkt dbyvt e,hfkj vjr-dlfdc hjv tsmdf7 sfdc ufvjeyflueht,lyty7 bvltyc xfesfmt,lyty7 vfuhfvfvfc fv,j,lf sdbs fv,frj cbvjybxb8 ,h’yfl lf zrebc rjkjafl hjv vj-yfskf vbcvf relmbwbyf fvmfhvf &kbthb crfvbc lf lfeylj,tkb vafhdtkbcibibs8 f[kf vsfdfhbf lfhn.vbc mdti fh vj.dtc7 sjht7 ,hbuflbhj,f rbfhf7 itb’kt,f dtkbc vwdtkj,f cfjwyt,j ufe[ltc7 dby zrefsfv.jatkb uf-f.htdbyt,c dfpc ajsjkc7 fhw fv,frjc itfiajst,c vbcb ,h’yekb fqvjxt-ybc lfeythufj,f8 vsfdfhbf fm7 fv felbnjhbfib vjhxbkvf ,h,jv xdtekt-,bcfvt,h eylf itfmjc lf vbcb fqvjxtyf vtwybthek vbqotdfl xfsdfkjc7,hbuflbhvfw lfpjuf sfdbcb n.fdb lf uflfo.dtnbkt,fvbqt,ekvf sfvfvfllfbo.j5 2 hfw vfhsfkbf7 vfhsfkbf7 dfpbc ajsjkb rb fhf7 xdty yf.jabudzbhlt,f9 yf.jabc uflfhxtybcfsdbc .dtkfathb eylf dbqjyjs8 f[kf cf-zbhjf dfpbc ajskbc uf.htdbyt,bc yjhvf lfdflubyjs7 rjkotdht,c thsb/tmnfhb dfpbc ufnbndkt,bcfsdbc hfvltyb eylf ufvjdeothjs7 2 fv .tbyj-,bc sfvfiib ,hbuflbhvfw vfcpt vbwtvekb hjkb qbhctekfl itfchekf8

fhxtdfyb erdt vbqt,ekb b.j7 f[kf cfzbhj uf[lf fv lbflb bltbcfsdbcsfdbc ufvjxtyf8

2 rfhub bmyt,f7 rfhub7 dfpc ajsjkb hfl eylf= 2 f[vfehlyty82 bmyt, bctsb ghtgfhfnb ufvjdbujyjs7 itdfc[ehjs lf dfpc ajsjkb

ufcwdbdltc82 jqjyl .eh’tyc fh eylf fdyjc82 crjkbc vjcofdktt,b ufvjdb.dfyjs7 ajsjkc [tkfl uff.htdbyt,ty8

317

2 ertstcb [jv fh bmyt,f7 s[t,b itdeidfs8cfmvtpt vjkfgfhfrt vjv[ctyt,tkvf iefpt ufo.dbnf cfsmvtkb7 f[kf rf-

vfsb dfpbc ajskbc uf.htdbyt,fpt ufbvfhsf8fv,frj rb b]lf7 cbfvjdyt,bc cf,ehdtkib itv’dhfkb zthc vbcxtht,jlf

lf fv ufvjujyt,bs vjgjdt,ekb lfaybc udbhudbypt jwyt,jlf8 cb.fk,bc lfcbwhebc ,ehfyb fv mdt.fyfc eacrhekbcrty vbfmfyt,lf lf fhfdby b.j fqdb-hbc lfvzthb8 gbhvjsytj,bc7 vffvt,kj,bc7 vkbmdytkj,bc7 cfresfhb mjybclf yfzezbc rtlkbc ufcmtkt,bcfsdbc .dtkfahbc rflht,bc fhfrfwj,f flf-vbfyj,fc fyflueht,lf8

fv,frj ahst,bc fvjcdkfc tkjlf lf ythdbekj,lf7 hjv vbcb lblt,bclfvcf[eht,ekb ufvjdkbyt,f tcjlty fudbfyt,lf8 bub cfvrehyfkj b.j7 vfu-hfv fvbc yfwdkfl rbltd eahj evfnt,lyty vbc lblt,bc bkepbt,ib uf,kfy-lek ndbyc vkbmdytkj,bc cfvcfkfc lf fv,frjw cjakbc zrefcecnbdbs lf-ztyfj,lf8 gbhvjsyt vtnfitt,b rb mt,f-lblt,fc fahmdtdlyty sfdbcb it’f[b-kt,bs uflfhtek bctlfw vwbht ujyt,bc vfhxtyfkc8 fv,frjw zbhdtekb lff,tpfhb ,fdidbdbs f[fk-f[fk jbyt,c bujyt,lf8

erdt vstkb sdtf7 hfw vbcb wjldbs cfdct rtsbkbc7 se ertsehj,bcvcehdtkvf lblb cfpqdfj zjuhbnb fxemf8 f[kf fv,frj lqtib jw]th vfbywfh,bc hfbrjvbc ityj,bc ,hn.tk zthpt lf fkfpybc dtkc fsdfkbtht,c7 bmcfho.fdb ahtufnt,b veifj,bc lhjc stshfl ufojkbk7 uh’tkb zbt,bdbsvjxfyc8 fv,frj fv stsh zbt,c bsdkbc lf fyufhbij,c5 2 jwlffsb ahtufnb-lfy sjhvtnb fh veifj,c7 2 ,en,ent,c8

ufwjat,ekb sfdbcb uh’tkb zjuhbnbs rb,tt,pt xfvjh,bc8 /jkib lfitcfcdktkib ituhjdbkb [fk[b upfc esvj,c8 fv,frj rf,bytnib ith,bc lfahtufnt,bc cfvvfhsdtkjc eahjcc ehtrfdc5 2 jwlffsb ahtufnb hfnjv fhveifj,c7 it ecfmvehj= 2 qhbfkt,c lf vfublfpt veint,c e,hf[eyt,c8

2 cek jwlfjhb ahtufnbf7 fmtlfy js[c f[kf dfhtvjynt,s7 lfyfhxtybveifj,c7 2 gfce[j,ty ntktajybc vfdsekbc vtjht ,jkjlfy8

2 vt ity utrbs[t,b7 hfnjv jwlffsb ahtufnb fh veifj,c0= 2 qhbfkt,c8ths[tk yfsmdfvc rbltd e[cybfy8 fv,frj rb jwlffsb ahtufnbc veifj,fc

bs[jdc5 2 ityb le[b fh bmyt,f7 se jwlffsb ahtufnb fh fubveifdlt,f= 2qhbfkt,c fv,frj lf kefhcf,bc ehvt,bdbs bs[jdc bvfc7 hfw fh bwbc7 hbc-sdbc frtst,c fvfc8 fvfc v[jkjl sfdbcb &fkbc ltvjycnhbht,f f[fht,c7sjhtv ahtufnt,b zbhcfw ofeqbf8

thsb cffsbc itvltu cf[ehfdpt rbltd fh,bc lf ctbhbc vf.eht,tksfvstkb fvfkf erfy vbcltdc8 vfkt qhbfkbs tidt,f lf,kf lf ahtufnt,bccfvvfhsdtkjc eahjcc ubyt,bs ltl-vfvbc cekc eiajst,c8 jwlffsbc yfw-dkfl f[kf s[esvtnb veifj,c7 vskfl uflfbhbf zjuhbnjvfybf it.hbkbfv,frj8 hfbrjvbc cf[ehfdpt ,byjrkbs cbh,bkpt fytrljnt,b lflbc7 fv,f-rjc rb [tkv’qdfytkj,bc vtwybthekb vtsjlbc lfythudf /ujybf8

pbc fv,frj rf,bytnib7 vlbdfyb uffahs[bkf7 fhfdbc fh vbdbqt,7 lblbutuvt,b vfmdc itcflutybj8 ufhts7 vjcfwltkib ituhjdbkb [fk[b ewlbcfv,frjc lblb utuvt,bc itlutybc lfvsfdht,fc8 fv,frj rb pbc lf abmhc fgb-ht,c lbfl utuvt,pt7 vfuhfv7 tc j[thb7 abmhb dth vje[th[t,bf7 fvltyb .fk-,b mt,f-lblt,bs ndbybc uf’dfkt,f lfto.j8

rf,bytnib cfvukjdbfhj vecbrbc /fyut,b itvjbzhf7 fv,frjc flhtw ufe-

318

ujybf7 bwbc hfc ybiyfdc tc vecbrf7 hfbrjvbc ityj,bc oby vjtlfypt fv gfnfhfmfkfmbc vw[jdht,yb sfdbfys sfyfvjmfkfmtc erfyfcrytk upfpt vbfwbkt,ty8fv vjtlfypt ufnfht,f lblb [ybc nhflbwbff7 ufycdtyt,ekc erfyfcrytkfl tv-idblj,t,f gfnfhf mfkfmb cfvelfvj cfeakjib lfcfvrdblht,tk upfpt8

fv,frj at[pt ofvjbzhf7 hjujh uf,tltc vbcb abmht,bc &fabc ufo.dtnf=ufhts ufvjh,bc8 vtht ghjwtcbbc erfy vbvfdfk vtlelertt,c uftrblf8

2 dbc ufeujybf lelert,bs vrdlfhbc ufwbkt,f= 2 qhbfkt,c8hfbrjvblfy vbkbwbfib htrfdty7 ufvofht,ekvf zbhbceakt,vf fv,frj fh

ufkf[jy lf bctlfw vj’ekt,ekvf mbpb.vf tlefhlbc hbc[df fh lfbvcf[ehjc8vbkbwbtkt,b sfdmelvjukt]bkt,b ufvjh,bfy lf zbhbceakt,sfy fv-

,frjc ithrbyt,fc ahtl fvsfdht,ty8uf,hfpt,ekvf fv,frjv vjtlfypt ufhlfwdkbkbc ufnfht,f frh’fkf8 gb-

hflfl frjynhjkt,c fv cfmvtc8 bwbc7 vrdlfhb hjlbc eylf ufvjfcdtyjy lfobyfcofh vjtlfypt itvfdfk upt,c cfndbhsj fdnjvj,bkt,bs [thufdc8 fvgfnfhf mfkfmbc vw[jdht,s cbrdlbkb bct fh foe[t,s7 hjujhw cfcfakfjcupfpt crbkfcfdbs vjlfhf]t fv,frjcufy sfdbc lfqotdf8

fv,frj hfbrjvbc gbhdtkb vlbdybcsdbc ufyresdybk ,byfib w[jdhj,c9fm w[jdhj,lf .dtkf .jabkb gbhdtkb vlbdfyb8 fv,frj cek c[dff9 eylfbwjlyty7 hjv fv,frj fv,frjf8 /jlf7 dbqfw ufbdkbc mexfpt lf cojhtl vbccf[ksfy [vfvfqkf lfbkfgfhfrt,c7 fy ufbwbyt,c9 fdnjvj,bkb ufbdkbc lfitb’kt,f cf.dbhbc vbwtvf vjeobjc8 fv,frj rb fvfc dth vjbsvtyc7 fvbnjvths vidtybth lqtc mexf uflfqj,f8 lbkbs cfveifjpt ofcek vjmfkfmtt,ccfqfvjsb cf[kbcrty vbvfdfk upfpt rtltkb uflftqj,fs8 fct bwbc fv,frjv7yehfdbc lffdbo.lt,f vbcb fm .jayf8

fv,frjc rf,bytnb ityj,bc cek ptdbsf7 vtcfvt cfhsekptf8 cfthsj cf-gbhafhtij fv,frjc hjujh trflht,f lf bub rf,bytnbc f[kjc vjbo.j8 th-sb f[bht,fw f[kfdc fv,frjc7 ghbfkf7 ,hz.dbfkf cfuyt,b e.dfhc7 fvbnjvbfnfrpt rtlkbc rfatkb lffut,byf8 nefktnib pju]th o.fkb fh .jaybc7fvbnjv zthpt fdpb lffluvtdbyf lf vbc itcfdct,fl cf[fy’hj vfymfyfc b’f[t-,ty8 f[kf fv gfnfhf mfkfmbc vw[jdht,kt,vf bwbfy7 hjwf cf[fy’hj vfymfyfcbhtyt,bc qhbfkbs vjlbc hfbrjvbc ityj,bcfrty7 [fy’fhbf7 fv,frj cfgbh-afhtijib bodbc8

vffvt,tksf vbentdt,tkb lfeltdhj,ff7 ufyf itb’kt,f fv,frjc cfgbh-afhtijc o.fkb frkltc0= thsb bycnhemnjhb vbfvfuhtc fv cfmvtc vjcfudf-ht,kfl8 bcbw sfdc bpqdtdc7 cfyfv fdpb cfyf[tdhjl lfbwkt,f8 cf[fy’hjvfymfyfc b’f[t,c7 mfkfmib rb .jdtk vtjht lqtc fv,frjc cfgbhafhtijcufcf[ctyt,tkb cf[fy’hj vfymfybc cfgfnbj cbhtyt,bc [vf bcvbc8

dthfdby ufe,tlf7 bfnfrpt rtlkbc rfatkbc lfut,f fh itb’kt,fj7 fy dbyfhbc bctsb vwjlyt7 hjv fv,frjc hfbvt ehxbjc7 [jv lffn.lt,f sfdpt vbcbhbc[df8 rtlkbc rfatkbc bfnfrpt lfut,bc stjhbbc lfveifdt,f lf vstkhfbjyib7 vtht rbltd htcge,kbrfib vbcb lfythudf cehc8 se fhf thsb itv-s[dtdf7 fv,frjc rfatkjvfybf eahj ijhc ufztylt,jlf8

ths[tk htcge,kbrbc ltlfmfkfmblfy lblb cnevfhsfufyb todbf8 fv,f-rjv gfnbdbcwtvbc ybiyfl sfdbcb cfgbhafhtij itcsfdfpf8 fsb oesbc itvltubmblfy bctsb ,hfudfybc [vf ufvjdblf7 fv,frj crfvpt itmfylf8

2 hf fhbc tc0= 2 sfdgbhlfcbc[kbfyt,ekb lblb cnevfhb bmblfy [j[dbs

319

ufvjdblf lf ith.tekb r,bkb sbsbs ufbcojhf8 2 dby lffuj bfnfrpt rtl-kbc rfatkb7 hfnjv fh lfbzths bv vfdyt,tkc0= f[kfdt gfce[bcut,fib vbt-wbs9 yfvldbkb nthjhbcnekb fmnbf= tc hjujh lfutvfhsf7 fv,frj7 yesefmfvlt fh itcek[fh ibu0

fv,frjv lbkfyltk rjgpt bycnbymnehfl [tkb vjbcdf lf fv lbdthcbbsitiajst,ekb f.dbhlf9 2 ofhvjublutybfs7 hfc ,tlfdty0= fvfssdbc ]thdth vjdbwfkt7 vjd’t,yb lf fv dthfuekb cfmvbc xfvltyc cfcnbrfl lfdc]b=e.ehts7 rtlkbc rfatkc bfnfrpt fut,ty7 hjv [tkv’qdfytkvf veifrt,vf rb-cthb vjbnt[jy9 cfcnbrfl ufdecojhlt,b7 cfcnbrfl= 2 qhbfkt,lf fv,frj lferdt c]thjlf7 hjv tc lbdthcbf dbqfwfv vjeo.j7 hfsf fv,frjc sfdpt rj-gt,c tptbvfs8

fv,frj ]th]thj,bs mel,tlbfyj,lf se ,tlbc ereqvfhsb vfc[hj,fb.j7 cfmfhsdtkjib f[fkb wtrfc vlbdybc vbth lfnhbfkt,ekb mfh,jh,j-kf vbc cfcfhut,kjl ,heyfdlf8 gfhnbbc vfvfvsfdfhb gfnbjcfy rflht,ceylj,kj,fc ew[flt,lf7 cftzdj htgenfwbbc mfhsdtkt,c bs[jdlf vlujvf-htj,bc 3ufvjcf]fyvhstkt,kfl48 /jlf7 lblb lf gfnfhf rdfzt,b lfb’hytygfhnbek cfveifjpt7 sfdbfysb ujyt,hbdb cb,ytkbcfsdbc [fk[bcsdbc cfvf-ubthjc vbcfpqfdfl8 fv,frjw7 hectsib uflf[dtobk ltatmnehsf njnfke-hb vj,bkbpfwbbc vjyfobkt sfdbcb cb,h’ybs [fk[ib hovtyfc cfae’dkbfyfleh.tdlf bv gfhnbfc7 hjvkbc vlbdfybw sdbsjy b.j lf bv bltfc7 hjvtkcfwtc gfhnbf mflfut,lf8

mbvthf w[jdht,bc upfpt

JVFHB rbrbkfidbkb gjkbntmybrehb bycnbnenbc vtjs[t rehcpt cofd-kj,lf8 otcbthb cneltynb sfy ihjvj,lf7 abpbrehfl &kbthb cfv,jib dfh-]bij,lf lf rfhub itltut,bw /mjylf8 sfdvlf,fkb lf vjrh’fkt,ekb cfm-wbtkb vbc abpbreh chek.jafc fvidtyt,lf8 /.fdlf cfwjkt7 vidtybthb7 cfs-yj mfkbidbkb7 eybdthcbntnbc abpbrf-vfstvfsbrbc afrekntnbc vtjht reh-cbc cneltynb vfhbyt kfgbfidbkb8 jvfhb sfdc ,tlybthfl uh’yj,lf7 sfdb-ceafk lhjc vfhbytcsfy fnfht,lf9 tc cb.dfhekbs fyst,ekb o.dbkb ,tl-ybth vjvfdfkc jwyt,bs [tlfdlf8

udbfyb cfqfvj b.j8 f[fkb rbyjabkvbc yf[dbc itvltu7 jvfhb vfhbytccf[kib vbfwbkt,lf8 thsvfytsbc cbs,jsb lf cb.dfhekbs lfvnr,fhyb cf-e,hj,lyty lf bhudkbd v.jayb se vstkb cfv.fhj cbrtsbs7 cb.dfhekbslf cfsyjt,bs uf]tht,ekb tujyfs8

vsfdfhb mexblfy uflfe[dbtc8 [tkb[tkxfrblt,ekt,b cfwjlfdfl ufyf-st,ek mexfc ufe.dyty8 gfnfhf7 xf,ytkt,ek crdthsfy js[b ,bzb bluf7 hf-qfwfc xehxekt,lyty7 vtht f[vfehlyty lf fv ,tlybtht,bc lfvfshj,tk,ehfyib v.ja o.dbkc itvjt[dbdyty8

2 cbvjy7 wjnf [fyc tc yfif xdty lfudbsvt7 ofdbrfbat,s= 2 es[hf thsvff[vf[vf lf lfyf ybrfgsfy vbenfyf7 jhb twf7 [tkt,b lfezbhtc9 vtjs[tv vf-hbytc cnfwf [tkb lf ufpjyt,bcfrty uffshbf8 .jdtkbdt bct cohfafl vj[lf7jvfhb7 hjvtkbw fcts sfd[tlj,fc cbpvfhibw dth ofhvjblutylf8 lfb,yf8,bzb vfhbytc ,lqdyblf8 jvfhc jhb vfuhfl bzthlf7 ybrfgpt rb lfybc odthbx[dktnlf8

320

2 vjidtkt,f [jv fh ubylf0 2 f[vf[vf vfhbytc vodfkt,tkc lfe’f[f lfbmbs ufb[tlf8

.dtkfathb sdfkbc lf[fv[fvt,fib vj[lf7 vewtkib &kbthfl lfhn.vekvfob[kvf f[vf[b vbofpt ,ehsbdbs uffujhf8 jhc ewt, lfec[knf7 &kbth lfh-n.vfc kfdbobc &kdbc zf[fyb lf ,bzbc itqhbfkt,f vj/.df8 vtjhtv lfyfb’hj7 jvfhvf vjmytekb lfybfyb [tkb fenhbfkf lf vjv[lehb sfdbcbdtlfyfpt ofvjfuj8 hjujhw b.j7 f[vf[b ufbvfhsf8 ufwjat,ekb jvfhb twf7]th sfdpt itvjb[tsmf7 vtht jh]th bctsb ob[kb esfdfpf udthlt,ib7 ytr-yt,b [jhwib fepbkf8

vtjs[tv vfhbytc [tkb eidf7 ]th f[vf[bc vbidtkt,fc fgbht,lf7 vfuhfvvbcb [dtlhbc lfvyf[fdvf ufmwtdf lffgbhf7 lfeudbfylf7 lfyf b’hj7 dthf-athvf eidtkf7 [tkbc ufmytdf dth vjfcohj7 bct &kbthfl vj[dlf .,fib7xfyt,b vjtqhbwf7 ufwjat,ekb jvfhb ofmwtekc lffw[hf7 [ibh svt,ib jhbdt[tkbs lftzblf7 fshbf lf w[dbhgbhbs bct ufvutkt,bs e]f]ueyf bmdt vlufhzflfhpt7 cf[bc yfrdst,b thsvfytsib cbc[kbfy [jhwbc vfcfl ufethsbfyf8vfhbytv uflfhtek jvfhc [tkblfy &kbdc uffult,byf ujylfrfhuekb lfsfdgbhuf,hn.tkt,ekb [ekbufyb888

ufvjv’bt,tkb ,hfpj,lf7 crfvpt fvf.fl v]lfh jvfhc itrbs[dt,c f’ktdlf9lhjlflhj jsf[ib v.ja rfwc tkfgfhfrt,jlf5

2 fv ufvjecojht,tkvf [ekbufyvf js[b rtsbkij,bkb f[fkufphlf rb-yfqfv cbwjw[ktc ufvjfcfkvf9 vtht fh brbs[fd7 dbcb idbkt,b fhbfy0= 2 bvrfwc ,jkjvlt fqfh fe[cyf cfmvbc dbsfht,f7 bctd jvfhc vbe,heylf5

2 tc lfyf cfblfy ufmdc0= 2 bvbc lfyf lfelj oby7 [tkt,c hjv ezthlf82 tu bvfc /rbs[ts7 dbcb udthlt,blfyfw fvjbqts7 2 ofh,ite[htkfl

egfce[f jvfhvf82 e.eht fvfc= sfdbcb lfyf sdbsjydt lfbhn.f02 fhf7 vskfl fct fh b.j7 wjnf vtw vbdt[vfht82 hjujh vbt[vfht02 xtvc lfcfhn.vtkfl vjmytek [tkc vbvfhsekt,f itdewdfkt82 rfhub7 kfdbobc &dfkb hjujh uflfent[t0= ,fnjyb fmdctynb fhntvbxbc

,bzbf7 2 jsf[ib v]ljv rfwc fe[cyf7 bvfy ufrdbhdt,bcfufy ofh,b vfqkf fc-obf8 2 hf xffhn.b7 ity utrbs[t,bfy= hfqfw v’bvt7 ,kfudb cfufyb fmdc yf[vfhb8

2 [tkb xfdfhn.b82 vfibydt lfub]tht82 vjb.dfyts lf vtjht kfdbopt dwlb82 f,f7 sfd[tlb fhf fhbc7 vjyfybt,bc vfubthbf0=2 vjyfybt,f rb fhf7 bcbyb vbofc hjv kf[fdty7 xtvb cbhw[dbkbf=2 hfv ufufwjaf tuht7 it egfnhjyj=2 erdt vtfstl vjub.tdb7 hfw xfblbytc82 vtw lfub]tht8 ,fnjyb ubjhubc ,bzc cfvb ytryb fmdc xfvndhtekb7 cfv-

vfhsdtkjc eahjcbc ,bzc7 2 ufvjv’bt,tkvf bv rfwc .ehib hfqfw exehxe-kf7 bvfyfw sdfkt,b uflvjmfxf7 2 xfybc &dfkb fmdc vjnt[bkb7 sf,fibhibxfecdtc9 w[dbhb rb cf[tcsfy /mjylf ufcojht,ekb7 jgthfwbf lfczbhlf7 fvufhtofhvf js[b rtsbkij,bkb j]f[b uffvofhf=

2 bctsb j]f[b itdfhw[dbyt7 hjvtkbw fvudfh yf’bhfkt,c phlbc= 2 fvf-.fl smdf jvfhvf8

321

322

2 e.eht f[kf fvfc7 js[ otcbth f[fkufphlfc lfybs sfdc lftc[f lfbctd bcbyb fhbfy yf’bhfkt,b0=

2 js[b lfyf vmjylf02 fhf7 thsb=2 bcbyb .dtkf lfyt,bs b.dyty7 lfyfhxtyb hf bmyf02 c[df lfyf fh .jabkf7 fb7 tc thsb7 ity hjv umjylf7 bcbyb lfyt,bs

.jabkb.dyty7 fct fvf.fl fqfh b]lt,jlb xtvc oby=2 js[bdtc sfdbfysb bfhfqb vbtwbs7 wfhbtkb gthfyubs ufdfk7 hfw lf-

frklfs7 vbylf uflfdesfdj=2 hfqf lffrtk7 js[bdt cffdflv.jaib otdc9 ity rb qbhctekfl fut,

gfce[c rfyjybc obyfit82 hjv vjdtrfkb lf sfdbcb xfyfabmhb ,jkjvlt vbt.dfyfs7 tc cfmvt [jv

lfuhxt,jlfs ufe[cytkb8 fk,fs7 vtht dbqfwf cfwjlfdc ofvjrblt,lbs7 rt-sbkij,bkb j]f[bc idbkt,b rb lfec]tkb lfhxt,jlyty8

2 ityb rf[gfw tuht fv,j,c=2 bvbc [ctyt,bc lhjc gbhb ufvjb,fyt=2 e.ehts fv kfobhfrc7 hfvltyb fvbc vcufdcb uflfudfht,ekb tsdkt,f

xdtyc cfpjufljt,fc7 hjvtk thsc vjcgj,c rfwb= 2 ufvjv’bt,tkb ufw[fhlf82 xtvbcsfyt,bc vjcgj,fc dth it’kt,s7 fb7 ity lf bv js[bc vcufdcb

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330

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331

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339

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340

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342

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343

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344

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lf lf uekitqjyt,ekb bfnfrpt ufbi[kfhsf82 vfufhb ]jhb xfyc= 2 mehlt,c cbwbkb fen.lfs8

,eynb

GFHSTYFV lfsf gfgfc ,hbuflfib vbqt,ekb ufrdtsbkbc itvltu wjnfsbcfcbrtsjl ufb,h’jkf7 vfuhfv vfkt vb[dlf7 hjv fhfathb ufvjedbljlf7bvltyfl ufbcdfhf lfhqdtdf lfyfifekt,t,ib8 vfiby ufyw[flt,f lfothf lffdflv.jaj,bc ufvj ufysfdbceakt,f vjbs[jdf8 nbnbrjc vbcb ufidt,f fheyljlf7 vfuhfv lffhoveytc7 hjcnjvf zhtkfidbkb gfhstyfpt yfrkt,flfh vjut[vfht,fj ityc xfyfabmhib8 vjrktl7 gfhstyfc vfubth hjcnjvf zht-kfidbkb lfbybiyf athvbc ufvutl8 gfhstyf rb vt’hj[tj,bc [hfvbc ,hbuf-lbc ,hbuflbhfl uflfdblf8 nbnbrj ]th yfrkt, vnbrdytekfl qt,ekj,lfpfmhjc vbth vtw[jdtktj,fib ufnfht,ek cfcbrtsj qjybc’bt,t,c8 .dtkfvfeo.j at[b pfmhjc7 se fct ufuh’tklt,jlf7 ths otkboflib h’bc utuvfcvbotht,b lf fsfcb vfmbyfwbt,b fqfh lfczbhlt,jlf8

vtcfvt rdfhnkbc lfvsfdht,fc ctmntv,hbc ,jkj ltrflf frklf8 h’bcflf [jhwbc wbt,-w[tkt,fc vjtwdf hfbjyb8 nbnbrjc rjkvtehytj,fib wbt,-w[tkt,f rb fhf7 [tkxfhsekb ,h’jkf b.j ufvfhsekb8 nbnbrjc &dtkb7ufvjwlbkb vtsjlbc bvtlb /mjylf lf ptvlujvt,c fh[tbyfl fhoveyt,lf7sdbc ,jkjcfsdbc cfvbdt rdfhnkbc utuvf itchekt,ekb vtmyt,fj8

f[kf erdt uflfvzhtkb vjvtynb lfluf lf cfufyt,j sfs,bhpt .dtkfvjbodbf7 tc ghj,ktvf dbcfw eylf uflftzhf8

nbnbrjc rf,bytnib pfmhj7 gfhstyf7 vt’hj[tj,bc athvbc ufvut vbneiflf cfo.j,bc ufvut bc[lyty8 nbnbrj ntktajypt kfgfhfrj,lf8

2 ufvbzbhlt,f7 vfuhfv ecfsejl itdfchekt,=88 c[df rjkvtehytj,t,cfwlfdt[vfhj0 dfcofdkb cfl lf hjujhb otcbs eylf bijdyjy h’t7 .dtkb lfrfhfmb8 vbdblyty7 xtvc ,bzt,c uf.dyty lf bmblfy erdt ghjatcjht,b xfvjdk-

345

yty=888 rfhufl b.fdbs= 2 nbnbrjv .ehvbkb lflj lf rf,bytnib vc[ljvs vb-e,heylf8

2 utcvjlfs0 2 [tkb ntktajybcrty ufbidbhf7 2 h’t .dtkfpt fewbkt,t-kbf7 lfyfhxtyc bjkfl vjdedkbs8 vbnei7 jhb vfymfyf mthbs lfndbhst8vo.tvct,pt [tkafcb fh ufcwt7 bc aekbw sfy ofbqt9 [dfk ofkrfib fvj.fdsfdb7 c[dt,vf fh lfufcohjy7 hfw .dtkb bmyt,f7 cek ofvjbqt9 gfhstyf lfvbneif pfmfsfkf ,tktmfyib ofdkty7 ubylf ,hbypf b.jc7 ofvjbqts7 .dtk-rfhfmbc mfh[fyfc vfbyw vbfqt,byt,ty8 vjrktl7 hjujhw [th[lt,f [jkvt8hfbjybc vfqfpbt,ib uffajhvt,ty7 ajylpt rb sdbsjy bpheyt,ty8 f[kf aekpt7hfw [tkafcbc aekb fhbc7 vfbwf7 ,eqfknthc lfde’f[j7 2 nbnbrjv pfhbcqbkfc sbsb lffzbhf7 2 [tkafcpt .dtkfv efhb eylf smdfc9 lfyfhxtyb pjubhf7 pjub hf lf7 vjrktl7 ufvjdlbdfhs= 2 nbnbrjv bctsb nfib itvj/rhf7sbsmjc h’t erdt xft,fht,byjc8

jsf[ib ,eqfknthb itvjdblf82 hfw [tkafcbc aekb ufmdc7 .dtkbc it’tyfib eylf ufd[fh]js9 bct utu-

vfc dth dfchekt,s= 2 e,h’fyf ,eqfknthc82 lfbothjy lf ofbqjy7 jqjyl hjujhqf uffcojht,ty0 2 ittrbs[f

,eqfknthb82 vfufc sdbsjy vjedkbfy= 2 smdf sfdv]ljvfhtv8,bzt,b tyfxfdfhlybkt,b bc[lyty8 fv cfmvbcfsdbc [tkbc vjrblt,f fhf-

dbc fh eyljlf8 gfhstyf lf vbneif pfmhjc ewlblyty7 vbcb bvtlb /mjylfs7hjv [vfc fbvfqkt,lf7 sdbsjyfw v[fhc lfezthlyty7 vfuhfv pfmhj bct vidb-lfl b]lf7 hjv tzdb ittgfhfs7 tctw fh lftsfy[vjcj8

2 fh itb’kt,f vfubc ufrtst,f7 nbnbrj ukf[jtdbx8 &kbdc to.j,f cfmvt7]th]thj,bs utuvbc itchekt,f ufudbzbhlt,f7 cfvfubthjl vjvfdfkb okbc,jkjc gbhyfskfl dbmyt,bs utuvfcsfyfw lf [fk[sfyfw8 f[kf hjv vo.tv-ct,c [tkafcb fh vbdwts7 bctd ufudtmwtdbfy 2 o.yfhfl smdf pfmhjv8

2 vfbwf7 hf smdb0 rfhufl dth ufdbut= 2 nbnbrjv .eht,b wmdbnf82 bcf dsmdb7 hjv tuht utuvbc itchekt,fc ,jkj eylf vjtqjc8 xdtyb

vtw[jdtktj,f fvfy uffxfyfuf8 ths otkboflib xfvjhxtyfc sfdc lfdfqotdslf vtht xdtyb cfmvt cek fqvf ofdf8 vjrktl7 .dtkbc cf.blfl fhfdby fheylf ofdbltc8 xfvjhxtybcfsdbc ufkfy’qdf c]j,c7 dblht fv ,by’ehb cfmvbc[tkbc vjrblt,f7 2 sfdbc yfsmdfvc pfmhjv lfcrdyf ufertsf8

2 ity fv ,jkj lhjc fehbt7 tc vtw[dfhtj,fj7 tc vt’hj[tj,fj7 hf,eynb lfbo.t= [jv fh uujybf7 dth ubut,lt hf vewkbc nrbdbkb ufmdc= ity7ye of[dfk7 gfhstyf lf vbneif vidtybdhfl uffhsvtdty fv cfmvtc sfdc= 2nbnbrj jhbdtc vbe,heylf7 vjrktl7 lqtc cfqfvjcdt oflbs7 thsb thsv[fhtc7 vtjht vtjht v[fhtc=

2 vt vfu cfmvtc [tkc fh vjdrblt,7 nbnbrj ukf[jtdbx= uyt,fds lfvfdf-kt lf tmdc sdtib [hfvbc ,hbuflfc hfbjyib vjobyfdtl dfmwtd7 2 gfhstyfvfeqtkdt,kfl es[hf8

2 vbnei7 ity oflb hjujhw otcbf7 fvfs vt vjdedkb= 2 ythdbekj,bcfufysdfkt,ib cbs[t vjfluf7 w[dbhcf[jwb fvjbqj lf fvjvihfkt,fc iteluf8

2 tuht hjltvlbc eylf dbfhjs7 [jv d[tlfds hjv fhfathb ufvjlbc7wjnf hfqfwf ofvjdbo.ts8 tc fv,fdb buht itudbikbc [tkc8 otkib dtqfhufdbvfhst,bs7 2 vbneif vnrbwtl kfgfhfrj,lf8

346

2 gbhb itrfhbs fhf0= 2 nbnbrj f.dbhlf7 2 dbwb7 fvbc vjsfdt dbyw fhb7at[b fh xfedf7 ujybf nbnbrjc uffult,ty lf vfufc lfhxt,f nf[nb lf vjtlf-yb8 dth vjufhsdtc= vfyfvlt vfufc fderhfd uel-yf,flc= 2 firfhf b.j7 tcyfsmdfvb pfmhjc vbvfhs b.j vbvfhsekb8 2 vfyfvlt rb c[dt,c ufdfupfdyb7.dtkc df.blbyt, lf utuvfc itechekt,tkc fh lfdnjdt,=

2 dthfdbc dth uffupfdyb= 2 vnrbwtl es[hf pfmhjv 2 vjhxf7 xdtyc rj-ktmnbdib tc cbcf’fukt eylf vjbrdtsjc=

2 hf8 ity fh ut[t,f utuvbc itchekt,f0= 2 nbnbrj erdt .dbhjlf8 2 /jlf7fut, rbltw gfce[c8

2 gfce[c dfut,7 vfuhfv lfyfifekbs utuvbc itchekt,bc eakt,fc fhfdbcvbdwtv= 2 pfmhjw ufw[fhlf8

2 oflbs= fhf vzbhlt,bs= 2 f.dbhlf nbnbrj8 bm vjutkfgfhfrt,bs7 bm= 2vbf’f[f erdt rfht,ib ufcekt,c lf [tkb vfqkf fcobf8

fv,frjc sfs,bhb

2 RJKVTEHYTJ,T,PT vbvfuht,ek fv[fyfut,sfy sfs,bhb7 yf[tdfh cffs-ib lfbo.t,f7 2 ufvjfw[flf fv,frjc gbhflvf vlbdfyvf ujujv7 hjujhw vbcbrf,bytnblfy ufvjdblf7 pjuc lfehtrf7 pjuc gbhflfl it[dlf lf fn.lf afwb-aewb7 ntktajyt,pt htrdf7 utuvt,bc itchekt,fpt wyj,t,b fbqtc7 pjub hfvc[df odhbkvfybw ufbutc5 hfw vbvfuht,f b.j7 itvchekt,kt,b fhfyfrkt,b.fk,b lf sdfkbcf[dtdfib lfjcnfnt,ekb b.dyty8 fhw fv,frjc czbhlt,jlfyfvldbkb cfmvt7 fv sfs,bht,bs sfdbc thsueksf sdfksvfmwj,fc fvjo-vt,lf lf dbyw fh vjcojylf7 vfspt itehfw[.jabs uekc ba[fylf8 flfvbfybrb cfmvbs rb fhf7 gbhvjsytj,bs lf fv,frjcfsdbc ufvhelt,ekb cfmvbfyj-,bc o.fkj,bs7 gbhflb ufvlblht,bc cehdbkbc lfrvf.jabkt,bc ljybs afc-lt,jlf7 tc sfs,bhb rb afhyfjp yflbhfidbkbc cfmvbfyj,bc lfcfrybyt,-kfl lf vbcsdbc itvlujvb fyufhbicojht,bcsdbc eyljlf8 cfmvt bvfib b.j7hjv fv hfvltybvt lqbc obyfs afhyfjpc lblb gehvfhbkb lffdfkf7 vffvt,-kt,vf [fh]b lfboeytc lf afhyfjpc ,hfkb lfcltc egfce[bcvut,kj,fib8&fqkbc sfdb rb cek c[dfufy b.j lfvfh[ekb7 afhyfjpb rjkvtehytj,bclfrybyt,bc [fh]pt bvfc dth se fh f’ktdlf7 hfcfw fv,frj s[jekj,lfcfresfhb mjybc ufcfcmtkt,kfl9 afhyfjpbc yfvldbkb vbqotdf fhfdbc fby-nthtct,lf7 vsfdfhb vbqotdf fv,frjc ]b,bc ufcmtkt,fib cfresfhb odkb-kbc itnfyf b.j888

2 gbhen.dbc ufvjpfvsht,bc cfmvt hjujh vblbc0 2 brbs[f w[hbkibsfdxfhuekvf fv,frjv8

[vf fhfdbc fvjeqbf82 rjkvtehytj,bc vb[tldbs lfdbo.js8 ,tdhb sfdv]ljvfht cek v[fh-

ib udblufc7 xdtyc bhudkbd nhbfkt,c9 [jv fhfathib uzbhlt,bsj7 udtrbs[t,f8pjuc rb cek dth dgjekj,s7 hfcf /ufdc afhyfjp yflbhfidbkbc cfmwbtkb=2 fv,frj ewt, f.dbhlf 2 yfv]f lf sbdf lfqegf7 cbkjcb e[fhbc[jl xflj7&bhatcdbfyfl fvjfulj rjkvtehytj,f lf tu fhb=

2 fv,frj cbvjybx7 vt vfu rfwbcufy dthfathb ufvbubf7 cojhtl hjv ve[bcsfdb fmdc= 2 vtjht [vf vbfojlf cjakbc vtehytj,bc cfvvfhsdtkjc ea-hjcvf8

347

2 rfwb vbdfvfuhts7 vfuhfv hf ufvjdblf7 tn.j,f vfst ,fqfidbkbw sfdbczrefpt uflfb.dfyf8 vjlbs7 vfstc drbs[js7 hfibf cfmvt7 hf tidtkt,f vfurfwc0= 2 fv,frjv vfstc vb[tlf7 bcfw fluf lf lby]fl lfbo.j lfvf]tht,tkbkfgfhfrb8

2 vt fh dbwb7 hfib tvlehbs afhyfjp yflbhfidbkc7 .dtkf sfdv]ljvf-htc cfmvt vfcfdbs hjv /mjyltc lf.tyt,ekb7 fk,fs7 tc vjvf,tpht,tkbvbvfuht,f cfzbhj fh bmyt,jlf8 hf yfv]f eylf lftqegf7 hjwf vstkb hfb-jybc cfv.jab yfv]f fmdc lfvpflt,ekb7 hjwf c[dt,c afhyfjpbc vtfstlb fhlfevpflt,bfs7 fmtlfy xfyc7 yfv]f dby lffkgj8 fv pfa[ekc uflfeqt,kflodbvlf7 vfhnj vfubc vsb,fdt,b fh bcdtyt,lyty7 ufsb,ek ,fkf[cfw lffodb-vf7 vfuhfv ,fkf[bc lfvpflt,bc utuvf uflffzfh,tc8 vfi7 dby uffaezf ,fkf[b0afhyfjp yflbhfidbkvf7 se bvfy7 dbyw uhfvb sbdf dth lffvpflf8 fv;fvflfhw thsb lfhub xfvjhxtybkb fh fmds9 rjkvtehytj,f &kbthbf lf [fk-[bw rvf.jabkb7 hjvtksfw sfdbcb sfdv]ljvfhbc c]thfs8 fb7 hfibf cfmvt7fv,frj cbvjybx7 lf vtw fvbnjv dfh afhyfjp yflbhfidbkbc zrefpt7 2 vfstvlffvsfdhf lf lf]lf8

2 f,f fvfc hf eylf tkfgfhfrj7 vfi7 yfv]f fh uffeaezf0 2 fv,frj ,hf-pj,lf8

2 cek hfqfw jh /tmnfhpt dth fbqj yfv]f7 vfuhfv fefht,tkb lffvpf-lf8 rjkvtehytj,t,bc hdffcb /tmnfhblfy uhfvb fh feqbfs lf fhw fmdsfhfathb7 fctf sbdbc lfvpflt,bc cfrbs[ibw8 lqtc afhyfjpbc cfmjytkb vf’-qfhb fhbc8 cflfw ihjvff7 bm lfyfrfhubwff8 cflfw fhfathc frtst,ty7 fhwlfyfrfhubf lf fhw fhfathb fmds8

2 ity e.eht7 afhyfjpb vjobyfdt ufvjb.dfyf8 lfub]tht lf tu fhbc=2 vt hfl eylf lfvb]thjs7 oby ubltds hfbjybc rjkvtehytj,t,bc vfx-

dtyt,kt,b7 bcbyb qfqflt,ty ztivfhbnt,fc=2 lf]tm= lblb ufeut,fhb rfwb [fh= 2 ufeo.hf fv,frj82 vfstc dth ufeubf7 fv,frj afhyfjpfpt bvbnjv ,hfpj,c7 gehvfhbkpt

[fikfvbc [jhwb rfhub fh b.jj7 rerehfv lffcvbyf7 bctlfw dth bnfyc7 hflufyfv,frjc vflfc dth codlt,f7 2 bycnhemnjht,vf thsvfytsc uflfexehxektc8

fv,frjc [fcbfsb ufeaezlf7 ythdbekj,f lftn.j7 dbyw ff.tyf7 .dtkf uf-kfy’qf7 fhfathc frtst,sj7 ]thb vbnhjpt vbluf8

2 .ehflqt,fc fhfathc fmwtds= fh[bc gbhfc vtqjhtj,bc ,hbuflf hjvfhbc7 qjht,b ufhts egfnhjyjl lft[tnt,jlyty8 thsb ytpdb rb bct tulj7yfvldbkfl fdfl b.j7 2 fv,frj vbnhjc lffinthlf8

2 cojhb ,h’fylt,bs7 fv,frj cbvjybx7 smdty hjv ufbfhts7 vt lf sfdv-]ljvfht cojhtl vfiby vbdtlbs8 qjht,b ,byfib itd.fhts7 bc ytpdb yfvldb-kfl fdfl b.j7 athifkvf cfcohfajl ytvcb ufertsf8 vo.tvcb lf ,hbuflbhbvrfwhfl ufdfahs[bkts7 des[fhbs7 hjv itudfhw[dbytc7 hjv sdbsjy fv,f-rj cbvjybxvf yf[fj7 fk,fs7 tc yfrkjdfyt,t,b5 gbhj,f lfltc7 fv,frj cbvj-ybxc tuht gbhifdfl fqfh itd[dlt,bsj8

fv,frj hfqfwfpt lfabmhlf8 sdbsjy cekfw fh eyf[fdc qjht,b lf fhwfdflv.jab ytpdb8 vbnhj rb bct .dt,jlf7 fv,frjw rb lff]thf8 se fh lff]t-hf7 fcbfvjdyf7 vjhxbkt,bc lf gbhvjsytj,bc ltvjycnhbht,f cf[tpt b.j8fv,frjcfw cojhtl tc czbhlt,jlf7 sjht fdflv.jab ytpdb rb fhf7 vstkbhfbjybc ytpdt,b zbhcfw ofeqbf8 f[kf eahj h,bkb njybs ittrbs[f5

348

2 ptdbs7 dtyf[t,bc sfdib7 vjcf[dtdsfy nhfmnjhb tulj7 smdty tu fhutrflht,fs8

2 vfhsfkb ,h’fyts7 fv,frj cbvjybx7 xdtyw dyf[ts7 vbd[dlbs7 hjv smdtyfvfpt fewbkt,kfl vjudwtvlbs itybidyfc8 nhfmnjhbcnb vjd’t,yts7 yfob-kb ufaezt,jlf7 deijdts7 lfdf.tyts lf f[kf erdt veifj,c8

fv,frj bctd xfabmhlf8 vbnhj bwjlf7 hf gbhjdyt,f b.j7 vfuhfv f[kflfhoveylf7 hjv tc lqtdfyltkb veifj,bc ljytpt vfhskf vbuyt,f bmyt,jlf8

2 ,ehlj vsbc ,jkjc vjcf[yfdb vbobc yfrdtsb hfs lfubnjdt,bfs02 rfhub ,fkf[b ofvjdblf7 jh]th ufdsb,ts7 f[kf fytekfl fhbc lfnj-

dt,ekb8 ufpfa[ekpt vjd[yfds8 se smdty udtn.dbs7 f[kfdt itb’kt,f vj[d-yf8 nhfmnjht,b vpfl ud.fdc7 2 vbnhj sfvfvfl lf c[fgfc[egbs gfce[j,lf8

3vt [jv dfh7 vfuhfv tc7 yfwfhmtmbff rdflhfnib7 tlehfl fv,hjctdbxchjv uff[fht,c cojhtl bc rflhbf7 vt lf fvudfhb flfvbfyt,bf cfzbhj cjwb-fkbpvbc lfcfyfwht,kfl47 2 ufbabmhf7 [vfvfqkf rb smdf5 2 tut rfwb7 cfmvbcrehcibw fhbc lf qjybc’bt,t,bw cfcohfajl uffnfhf7 2 itfmj vbnhj8 2 hfvlujvfhtj,f ufmds vtw[jdtktj,fib0

2 f[kf erdt bct ittrbs[f7 hjujhw .dtkf odhbkvfyib ufhrdtek rfwctrbs[t,bfy [jkvt8

2 h’tib utuvfc dfchekt,s8 wjnf ,t,thb &hj[bc h&t xdtysfyfw b.jithtekb8 lhjpt vjdfudfhts cfmvt8 vtw[dfhtj,fib rehnrt,bc cfrbs[b lf-df.tyts8 fk,fs7 cfrvfhbcb hfjltyj,bs dbijdbs8

2 dfbvt xtvb ,hfkb= 2 fvjbuvbyf vsfdfhvf pjjntmybrjcvf7 2 f[kf rbufvjvb.dfyty obhdfc= 2 o.hjvbs exehxekf ufhts ufcek bycnhemnjhc 2vt hf7 dtn.db7 ity hjv ufvfmtpt=

2 [jv fh ufub;lb= 2 ite,qdbhf vfy8fv,frj bct b.j vbnhjc gfce[t,bs vjyec[ekb7 vbnhjc gfce[t,bc ibyf-

fhcb fhw rb fbytnthtct,lf8 bc jwyt,fib xfb’bhf8 3.dtkf hjv vbnhjcyfbhbb.jc7 [jv cfvjs[t bmyt,lf tc w[jdht,f48

2 fb7 hjujh eylf bveifjs7 .dtkfathb lfodhbkt,bs bwbc7 fhw bctlblb [fyb bycnhemnjhfl vjdb.dfyt lf ufcfrdbhbf7 bct feqj veifj,fc fk-qj= 2 fv,frj ufv[bfheklf8

2 .jxfqb ,bzbf7 .jxfqb= 2 cbn.df itfidtktc gbhvjsytt,vf8sfs,bhb lfvsfdhlf8 bycnhemnjht,bc jsf[ib pjjntmybrjcb lf bycn-

hemnjht,b thsfl itdblyty8 vbnhj fv,frjc vjcfwltkib ituhjdbk ,behjcotdht,bc ijhbf[kjc bluf lf vfs cfe,fhc gbhvjsyt qbvbkbs ecvtylf8

2 ybrj7 hf afwbfc uflfdhxbs= 2 ibiyfhtdb cbwbkbs es[hf pjjntmyb-rjcvf8

2 uffxybf7 fv,frj cbvjybxb vfu yfsmdfvc hjujh vbbqt,lf7 itb’kt,fcbwbkbs uflfabxbyt,ekb.j8

2 fhf7 bcts v;fdt [fcbfspt lff.tyf vfstv7 ce.dtkfc ltlfc udbnbht,lf72 cfe,hfib vtjs[t bycnhemnjhb xfthbf7 2 sfdbcb obkb fhfdbc fh fcwlt-,jlf8 rjvbcbf ufvjb.jajlf7 itbcofdkblyty cfrbs[c8 ghjtmnbc cfsfehblff[kjt,bs fctsb bmyt,jlf7 3f[kf[fy ufvjdkbyt,ekb ,jhjn vfc[fhfsfcfpjufljt,hbd cfibi cfmvbfyj,fsf itcf[t,48 ub.dfhltc7 lfvkfut,kbfy wjl-ybc vlbdybfyfl ce.dtkfc wjw[c vjudfnfht,lyty8 itb’kt,f gbhbmbsfw vjv-[lfhb.j lf rfhu ,bzt,fl vjdtyfskts7 tu vbcb elblt,ektcj,bc ueyt,f

349

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vjb[cyblf uelfc7 hfqf gbhlfgbh fv,frjc oby xfvjwfkf= 2 uferdbhlf ybrjc82 hf xfvjwfkf7 bctd ptlf /rblbf7 ity vtht yf[t7 sfdv]ljvfhtcsfy hjv

vbbnfyc9 fv]thfl rb uflfdhxbs888 pjjntmybrjcb ufhts ufdblf8ybrjv hfqfw mfqfklt,b fvjbqj lf othf lfbo.j82 xdty pjyfib vbdlbdfhs7 2 jhvf bycnhemnjhvf jsf[b lfnjdf8ybrjc mfqfklt,ib xftlj sfdb lf hfqfwfc ufafwbwt,bs othlf8vbnhj itvjdblf7 xfysf vfublfpt lffulj lf lff.jkf52 vjdrdlb rfwb fvltyb veifj,bs7 fqfh itvb’kbf= ytnf xtvsdbc lfcdtyt-

,f hjlbc bmyt,f0ybrjc [vf fh ufewbf7 bct b]lf7 sbsmjc fhw ufeubf7 hjv jsf[ib dbyvt

itvjdblf8vbnhjv ybrjcrty ufb[tlf7 hfqfwbc smvf eyljlf7 uflfbabmhf7 vfublfc-

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356

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357

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358

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2 f/f7 dtntmbvb7 ufhf;bc ufvut8 ,eqfknthb fhfdby fh lfbyltc7 &hj[t,bufvje.fhtc8 sdbsjy hfc vbrtst,ty7 lhjc s[jekj,ty7 tmdc sdtib utuvfc

359

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2 fv,frj cbvjybx7 ufvfh]j,fs= 2 nbnbrj at[pt fluf lf gbhvjsyt nj-ybs fkfgfhfrlf888 hf dbwb7 fv,frj cbvjybx7 hjujh eylf db.j7 pjjntmybrj-cb hjv v.fd7 pfmhj [ewehfekb7 rjvrfdibhbc vlbdybc7 vfst ,fqfidbkbc&vfrfwb7 rjktmnbdb fvbhbf7 ,eync vbo.j,c8 fh dbwb7 dbcb bvtlb fmdc7 fmtsbvemht,f7 cgtwbfkehfl itvbifkf [tkb7 hjv h’bc utuvf fh ittchekt,byf8fm [fk[c fmtpt,c7 ye lfe]tht,s7 utuvt,c ye itfchekt,s7 nbnbrjc vj[cyb-fy7 sfdv]ljvfhtl vt lfvf.tyt,ty7 ptdbs vfufhb rfwb v.fdc7 v[fhc lfvb-zthc9 vtht hjujhw ubylfs bct bubhfktsj888 fh dbwb7 tu fhbc pfmhjc &vf-rfwb7 f,f7 c[df dbcb bvtlb tmyt,f8 vjd[cyb7 sjht bct fehtdc7 lfkfut,f uf-zbhlt,f888 ,behjpt vj[cybs0888 vjhbu ,behjpt9 uvflkj,s7 fv,frj cbvjybx7vt fm lfyfhxtyt,c vbdf.jkt, lf cfmvtc &dtkt,ehfl fdfo.j,=888 rfhufl ,h’fy-lt,jlts7 fv,frj cbvjybx= nbnbrjv .ehvbkb lflj8 w[dbhcf[jwbs ]th obh-gkt,b lf vtht ie,kpt vjvcrlfhb jakb vjbovbylf8

2 vfi hf tujyf7 ofdbltc lf f[kfw b.tk.tkfjc= dtntmbvc fqfh cwyj,c7athvblfy &hj[t,b ufvje.fhf9 rfyjybthfl vjeylf utuvbc itchekt,f8 pj-ub cfmfhsdtkjc gfhnbbc wr-c gbhdtk vlbdfyc7 tlefhl fv,hjctdbxc exeh-xekjc .eht,ib7 rfwvf vjcrjdc bctsb gbhj,f vbcwf7 uflfhbf [fk[b7 cfmfh-sdtkjib rjveybpvb erdt feityt,bfs lf jyrfyt,ib h’t vjlbcj7 ufvfh]t-,ekbc lhjit,b cek vfufc vjfmdc8 vsfdfhbf vjcrjdc utuvbc uflfzfh,t,bsitchekt,f egfnfrjc7 cfmfhsdtkjib ubylf h’bc vfubth ihfnbw ye /mjyb-fs7 mfqfklpt utuvbc ofhvfnt,bs itchekt,bcfsdbc vodfyt cbyfskt udby-sbf7 pfmhj dby j[thbf oby hj udblut,f= 2 nbnbrj lf]lf8

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2 se vfu ,bzt,c vj[cyb7 vt thsb oesbsfw fh ufdxthlt,b= 2 fh lfsvjsfdbcb gjpbwbt,b dtntmbvvf8

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360

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2 ufvfh]j,f lbvbnhb=vbnhj crfvblfy fluf7 [tkb vjo.dtnbs ufeojlf82 ufvfh]j,fs7 mfk,fnjyj= 2 smdf lf [tkbc xfvjhsvtdbc itvltu bctd

lf]lf7 sbsmjc trbs[t,f7 hbcsdbc vjcek[fhj82 bct ufvjubfht7 lbvbnhb7 vfbynthtct,lf7 hjujh vjto.t9 sfyfw vby-

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2 bct ufvjdkf lf bct vjrbs[df ecfmveht,bc [tkj,ff7 ufyf wjnf cfmvtufmds rjkvtehytj,fib0 hjujh rfhufd emvfl cbfhekbcsdbc lhjc0 hfwitt[t,f vbkjwdfc7 vt cfvfubcj fhfathb vzbhc8 xtvb uflvj.dfyf chekbfllfvcf[eht,ekb b.j8 tc flubkb7 hfcfrdbhdtkbf7 xtvsdbc lhjt,bsbf7 vteahj lblb cfmvtt,bcfsdbc dfh ufvbpyekb= 2 vbnhjc bctsb wbdb lf jabwb-fkehb njyb /mjylf7 hjv pfbhfc itf;h;jkf8

2 rbltd hfc vtn.jlbs7 mfk,fnjyj0 2 vbnhjc cf[tpt bv rfwbc ufvjvtn.-dtkt,f t[fnf7 hjvtkcfw &fkbfy &dbhafcb oest,b7 lblb cfmvbcsdbc hjvczbhlt,jlf7 offhsdtc8

2 fhfathb7 ,fnjyj vbnhj= 2 pfbhf cffdlhjl vjmheiek qhe,tkc lf-tvcufdcf7 2 lblb ,jlbib7 hjv vjufwlbyts= cfcohfajl ofvj[nf lf ufhtsufdfhlf8

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361

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362

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363

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364

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365

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369

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377

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378

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379

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2 fvfpt [jv sfyf[vf [fhs= 2 ufvfh]dt,ekb njybs brbs[f fqvfcrjvbcsfdv]ljvfhtv8

cbxevt ewt, dbqfwbc [vfv lffhqdbf5 2 evfqktcb hjlbcqf lffvsfdhf7sfdbc lqtyb cek ljkc erhfdlf8

2 tu vtobcmdbkt gtnjc cb’tf0 2 brbs[f dbqfwfv82 fudityt,bf j]f[b7 bctd nbnbrj fh udthxbdyf0= 2 itoe[t,ekvf ofvjb-

’f[f dbqfwfv8[fk[b sfdblfy f[vfehlf82 ljkb hf e.j7 ljkb=2 vfb.dfyjc vtlelert rjkf7 nfhfcf 3ity lferfh47 rjkfc ,bzb7 vfufs

lferhfy7 xdty dbwtrt,s7 vfbyw cf]fv,fpj oesbcjatkb udfmdc lf tu fhbc= 2lfh,fpb [vfehj,lf8

fqvfcrjvbc sfdv]ljvfhtv cbxevt vjbs[jdf82 hfqf ubylfs7 fv[fyfut,j= se dbyvtc hfbvtc smvf eylf7 ufvjdbltc7 dby

ubikbs= 2 smdf lf lfh,fpc lffrdbhlf7 2 fphbc ufvjsmvfc dby fgbht,c0 2brbs[f8

ifdb fktmcf at[pt fluf lf flubkblfy lfbo.j52 idbkjcf7 se bc uto.byfs7 hjv nbnbrjpt efhb dsmdbs7 udbs[fhbs7 ye

uthblt,fs7 se fhflf7 hf vfc[hfl udbult,s= t7 ,bzb hfw vfb[dtnt,f7 xdtyptrfhufl bwbs0 [fk[j7 xdtyc sdfkoby fh ufbpfhlf0 sfdbcb lqtyb [tkbaekbcsdbc /mjylf ufvjodlbkb7 vfufy [fk[c hjujh eylf e[tkv’qdfyt-kjc0= ofb.dfyts lf se rfhub veiff7 hjujhw smdty fv,j,s7 qvthsvf cbrt-stib vjuf[vfhjs8 xdty yfvldbkb flfvbfyehb flfvbfyb vjudtwbs sfdv]-

380

ljvfhtl9 hjlbc .jabkf udtkb[t ,fhbc nfhfl ufvjvlufhb.jc= 2 ifdbfktmcf lf]lf8

2 vfufy ths ,hbuflfc dth vjefhf= vtdtyf[t mfkt,b fobobylyty7 2 vst-kb xdtyb yfihjvb uf.blf8 f[kf ubylfs7 hfw nbnbrjc uflfehxf7 vfufy uf-lf.kfgjc0= 2 vtdtyf[tt,c vstkb lfh,fpb f/.df8

vbnhj at[pt bluf lf at[t,c e[th[ekfl bwdkblf82 vbnhj vtljkt= 2 erfyf hbut,blfy lfb’f[tc7 2 hfvltyb ubylf vjuwts7

hjv sfdb lfudfyt,j8 oflb7 ity c[dfufy lferfh vodfyt kj,bj7 xdty rbhrf;bitudfhut= 2 lfh,fpb f[fh[fhlf8

2 ytnf butsb hf fcofdktc7 ew,fl sfdv]ljvfhtl hjv ufvjfw[tc0= 2.dbhjlf dbqfwf8

2 vbnhj7 lffyt,t sfdv]ljvfhtj,fc sfdbs7 vtlelert rjkfc ,bzb lfity ofvjlbs7 if,fibs fufdct,ty= 2 dbqfw f[fkufphlf .dbhjlf8

2 vjlb7 vbnhj7 ity lferfh7 hf ufcfhsj,b rjktmnbdb udtmyt,f= 2 erfyfhbut,ib f[fkufphlt,vf crfvpt ljkb itvj/rhtc8

2 facec7 ,bzj7 nbnbrj hf cfyfnhtkb ufudb[ltc= 2 dbqfwfv [vfvfqkfvjbxbdkf8

2 hf lfybiytc lf tu fhb0 veifj,f fqfh udbylf7 vfubcb gfnhjybw= 2lfyfhxtyt,bw f/.dyty8

2 lfo.yfhlbs= lfo.yfhlbs= 2 [vbc xf[ktxfvlt .dbhjlf fqvfcrjvbcsfdv]ljvfht8

[vfehvf wjnf brkj82 rfhub7 vfiby smdty smdbs7 sfdv]ljvfhtl dby ubylfs= 2 ufbcvf fqvfc-

rjvbc sfdv]ljvfhbc [vf8[fk[b ewt, xfo.yfhlf7 fvfc rb fh vjtkjlf7 hjv fhxtdfyb vfs vjeotd-

lfs9 thsvfytsc uflf[tltc7 dby itb’kt,f b.jc sfdv]ljvfht02 rfhub7 xdtyb ofvj.tyt,ekb rfylblfnehf fh ubylfs7 vfiby smdty smdbs7

sfdv]ljvfhtl dby ufvjlut,f7 2 fqvfcrjvbc sfdv]ljvfhtv ufbvtjhf8lfh,fpib ,epbc ufahtybc [vfc ufbujyt,lbs8 dby lftcf[tkt,byfs7 dby

itb’kt,f .jabkb.j bctsb7 hjv ylj,f ufvjtw[flt,byfs lf fh ithw[dtyb-kb.dyty8

[fk[b levlf8 [vbc fvjqt,fc dthfdby ,tlfdlf82 tuhtf7 cfsfdv]ljvfhtj rfwbc ithxtdf bjkb [jv fh utujyfs= 2 ybi-

ybc vjut,bs ofvjb’f[f nfhbtkvf8fv lhjc ief lfh,fpib lfsf gfgf at[pt fluf82 hfvfy= 2 vbvfhsf fqvfcrjvbc sfdv]ljvfhtc7 2 lblb [fybf vbwyj, lf

rfhufl bwb7 ihjvfib lf rfwbc ufnfyfib qfkfnb fh vxdtdbf8 se xtvpt hfbvtfhfrfwehb ufububfs7 vbs[fhbs7 lfd]lt,b lf [vfc fh fvjdbqt,= 2 lfsfgfgf [fk[c vbenhbfklf8

2 vfhsfkb rfwb [fh7 lfsf gfgf= 2 lfbueueyf [fk[vf82 vt ,tdhb kfgfhfrb fh v.dfht,bf7 f[kfw uekb vnrbdf lf bvbnjv vj-

dbs[jd cbn.dbc smvfc7 tc xtvb cf,jkjj cbnd.f bmyt,f8 [fk[j7 se rjktm-nbdbcfsdbc rfhub ubylfs7 pfmhj [ewehfekbcsfyf &ytkfl vfb’t,yt,f7 uf-eidfy tu ,bzb sfdv]ljvfhtl lf ce.dtkfc udtidtkt,f= 2 lfsf gfgf lf]lf8

sbsmjc lblb [ybs lfue,t,ek o.fkc upf vbtwfj7 [fk[vf ewt,7 ths[-vfl lfbueueyf5 2 pfmhj7 pfmhj pjjntmybrjcb udbylf sfdv]ljvfhtl=

381

vjhxf7 o.fkvf rfkfgjnb bgjdf8 f[kf vbcb c[df vbvfhsekt,bs uflfu-lt,f &fkpt &ytkb b.j7 sbsmvbc ite’kt,tkb8

2 vjudtwbs pfmhj [ewehfekb lf veifj,f vjuds[jdts= 2 bs[jdlf.dtkf8

2 bct7 yfvldbkfl rfhub rfylblfnehff= 2 hfvfyfv nfhbtkc uflfekfgf-hfrf8

2 pjub fv,frj cbvjybxcfw /rbs[t7 sfdpt rfrfkc lfudfvndhtdc82 vfiby xfvjdbltc lf vbnhj sfdv]ljvfhtl sdbsjy ffhxtdbyjc7 vt

[fk[c vbkbwbbs dth itdfibyt,= 2 uflfo.dtnbs smdf hfvfyfv82 vfi hf dmyfs02 fv,frj cbvjybxc vjdf[ctyjs7 vfyfvlt rht,f cf[dfkbjl uflfdljs7 2

hfvfyf at[pt fluf82cfl fhbc pfmhj [ewehfekb0 2 brbs[f8.dtkfv fmts-bmbs lfbo.j .eht,f7 pfmhjc t’t,lyty82 fm fqfh veifj,c= 2 dbqfwfv lfb’f[f82 seieh w[dfhibf= 2 lffpecntc vbcb vbcfvfhsb82 rfhub7 vfiby pfmhj vjd’t,yjs lf rht,f [dfkbcfsdbc uflfdljs= 2

hfvfyfv rht,f lf[ehekfl ufvjfw[flf82 dfif=== pfmhj udt.jkt,f sfdv]ljvfhtl= 2 uf[fht,ekt,b thsvfytsc

ekjwfdlyty888fv,frjc hbc[dfc cfpqdfhb fqfh /mjylf fqvfcrjvbc sfdv]ljvfhtv7 hf-

vfy vfbcfidbkvf lf nfhbtk &vfyfidbkvf7 hjwf hfw vj[lf lfodhbkt,bsvjf[ctytc8

2 nbnbrjc [fk[bcsdbc sfdb bct ite’ekt,bf7 vbcb cf[tkbc [ctyt,f fheylfs8 hfw itt[t,f vbnhj mbnfeidbkc7 tn.j,f7 cjatkib &fkbfy itkf[e-kb fmdc fdnjhbntnb9 vbcb sfdv]ljvfhtl lfcf[tkt,f [fk[vf gbhdtkfl[evhj,fl vbbqj8 cfzbhjf qbhctekb rfylblfnehf itbhxtc lf rht,bc ob-yfit bct ofhdluts7 sjht e[th[ekbf9 rht,f erdt vtjhtl xfbifkf7 2 hfvf-yfv sfdbcb fphb ufvjsmdf8

2 vtht7 dby ubs[hfs7 rht,f xfifktsj8 smdty hjv e[th[tvkjt,b [fhs7dbcb ,hfkbf9 rfylblfnehf bm u.fdlfs lf futhxbfs= vfuhfv eiyjt,b [fhs8dby bwbc7 bmyt,7 fm pjubthsc rht,bc xfikf rbltdfw ufo.j,lfs8 vt dfn.j,7pju-pjub dbqfw-dbqfwtt,bc ufdktybc mdti vj[dlyty= 2 tc uflfrhekfl yfs-mdfvb firfhfl hfvfyfc t[t,jlf7 2 vfbyw hf udbylfj7 dbc s[jekj,ty sfd-v]ljvfhtl0 2 ufvjvodtdfl brbs[f8

2 pfmhj pjjntmybrjcb udbylfj7 .dtkf hjujhw thsb7 bct bs[jdc9 c[dffhfdbc rfylblfnehf fh eylfs7 2 vjf[ctyf nfhbtkvf8

2 vfuhfl eveifdbfs7 vstkb [fk[b uflfe,bht,bfs8 vfi7 dth vb[dlbs7hjv tc fv,fdb sdbsjy pfmhjc vjo.j,bkb b.j7 vfuhfv smdtyb hf bvtlbeylf /mjyltc rfwc9 tivfrvf bwbc7 hfc fv,j,s7 uekib rb hf ufmds= 2 fv,frjvojyfcojhj,f lfrfhuf8

2 rfhub b.j7 sdbsjy ofvjcekb.fd lf utyf[f7 hjv [fk[b fhfdbc ufemt-pt,bf lf fhw fhfdby /.jkbfs obyfcofh sfdv]ljvfhtl vjvpflt,ekb8e,hfkjl nbnbrjc cfmwbtkvf [fk[b bct ffqtkdf7 hjv vbcb lfyf[df fqfheylfs8 fv mbnefidbkbc cbvfvhbw cfibykfl c’eks7 nbnbrjc vtuj,fhb .j-abkf9 hjv ufezbhlfs7 sfdbfys hbut,blfy .dtkfpt ertstcb itfhxbtc7 tc

382

b.j lf tc7 2 ufyvfhnf cfmvbc dbsfht,f hfvfyfv82 dby fhbc .dtkfpt ertstcb0=2 pfmhj8 vbcb sfjcyj,bs ,tdhb rfhub cfmvt ufrtslf lf [fk[b eafct,c

lfvcf[eht,fc7 2 hfvfyfv pfmhj lff[fcbfsf82 vfufc7 fk,fs7 ityb vjflubkt vjub.dt,jlf82 fhf7 bv rjkvtehytj,bc dtntmbvvf vjvb.df8 &fkbfy cfbynthtcjf hfw bm

[lt,f8 vfuhfv hf7 pfmhjc ufysfdbceakt,bcsfyfdt dtntmbvcfw lfeothbf ufy-w[flt,f lf ufysfdbceakt,ekf8 vfuhfv cfyfv f[fk dtntmbvc bijdbfy7 vfbyw.ehflqt,fc fh frkt,c rjkvtehytj,bc gbhen.dc8 xtvb fphbf7 eahj qhvflxfdodlts fv cfrbs[c7 2 hfvfyfv pjvfpt vtnbc eakt,f vbcwf sfdbc sfdc8

2 vfbyw dby u.fdc v[tldtkj,fib .ehflqt,bs hjv trblt,bfy cfmvtc0= 2fv,frjv lfvwbyfdfl brbs[f8

2 sdbsjy dtntmbvb7 pfmhj7 vtw[dfhtj,bc athvbc ufvut82 fh lfb]thj7 tutyb .dtkf bynhbufyt,b lf vfbveyt,b fhbfy= 2 fv,frjv lffc-

rdyf7 2 ity rb bvbc yfwdkfl7 hjv bc ufesktkb ,bzb vjuth]ekt,byf7 sdbsjyuflfub.dfyf sfdbc zrefpt9 tc .dtkfathb ityb vjflubkbc vjo.j,bkbf=

2 vt cfrvfhbcfl vfmdc wjlyfw lf ufvjwlbkt,fw7 hjv fdb7 ,jhjnb lfrtsbkb thsvfytsib ufdfhxbj8 xtvb vjflubkt yfvldbkfl fh bvcf[eht,c7hfw f[kf smdb8 bct rb7 ehbuj fh bmyt,jlf gbhflfl lfbynthtct,ekb.fd bvrjkvtehytj,fib itmvybkb vlujvfhtj,bs7 vfiby cojh lfcrdyt,c uffrt-st,lb9 f[kf rb7 gbhbmbs7 dbqfwbc fhfcojh byajhvfwbbc ufdktybc mdti[fh= 2 hfvfyfc fvudfhb gfce[b sfdbc ufobhdfc elhblf8

2 ityb cfmwbtkb fh vjvojyc7 hfvfy= wjnf lfeabmhlb7 hfc fv,j,7 yeufdbo.lt,f7 hjv fqvfcrjvbc sfdv]ljvfhtj,f isfvjvfdkj,bs fh uthuj=2 fv,frj gbhlfgbh vemfhfpt uflfdblf8

2 xdtyib isfvjvfdkj,bs sfyfvlt,j,f fhfdbc hjv fh thuj7 vujyb tcitysdbcfw wyj,bkbf8 hfw itt[t,f bvfc7 hjv sfyfvlt,j,bc lfrfhudbc ib-ibs vt v[fhb nbnbrjc lf vbc vcufdct,c lfdezbhj7 fh vj[lt,f9 vt bctlfwxtvb cbylbcbc obyfit ,tdhb wjldf vbvb’qdbc= cbvfhskbc gbhib smvf rb.dtkfcfsdbc rfhub cfvrehyfkj cfiefkt,ff7 hjwf rfwb vjxdtyt,bs rtsbk-lqtj,bc ,ehfyib uft[dtdf9 tc vtw vt[t,f7 ityw lf c[dfcfw= 2 hfvfyfv fvgfce[bs idt,f buh’yj8

2 itysfy kfgfhfrb fqfh qbhc7 vt vjubdkb= 2 fv,frjv vfublfc lffhn.f[tkb8

2 yt,f itybf=2 bv rht,fpt ityb ufupfdyf lblb itwljvf b.j7 vbcb xfikfw ityc rbcthpt

otdc= 2 fv,frjv hfvfyfc ufvjvodtdfl it[tlf82 rht,bc xfikf bvbc rbcthpt otdc7 dbyw efdnjhbntnj7 edfhubc7 ecfm-

veh rfwc [fk[c sfdv]ljvfhtl fxtxt,c lf .ehc fh eult,c cfqb fphbc [vfc=2 vt itysfy cfe,fhb lfdfvsfdht7 fqfhw vfmdc cehdbkb fv cfrbs[pt

rbltd utkfgfhfrj=2 pecnfl fct dfh vtw=2 rfhub7 rfhub c[df ljytpt utkfgfhfrt,b= 2 lfbvemhf fv,frj82 dbwb7 ityb vafhdtkb7 tlefhl fv,hjctdbxb .jdtkudfh lfcvtyfc it-

ubchekt,c= 2 hfvfyf fluf lf fv,frjc rf,bytnblfy ufdblf82 e.eht ity7 hjujh ufsfd[tllf= vfkt ufvjub.dfy obhdfc= 2 fv,frj

383

,hfpj,lf7 nfhbtkb sfdxfqeyekb b]lf8fv,frjv cfcohfajl ufvjb’f[f vtjht vlbdfyb7 vbkbwbbc eahjcb7 ghj-

rehjhb7 lfyfhxtyb ,behjc otdht,b lf ghbywbgekb lfdfkt,f vbcwf5 2 cj-atkib lqtcdt xf[dfks7 rht,fc cf[dfkbjs jhufybpfwbfc ufertst,s7 sfd-v]ljvfhtl vbnhj mbnefidbkc fbhxtds= bc pfmhj [ewehfekb vj’t,yts7rht,fpt vjdbltc lf [fk[c ufyew[fljc hjv sfdv]ljvfhtj,fc dth it’-kt,c7 vjrktl7 efhb smdfc= vbkbwbtkt,b ofb.dfyts lf ,eynbcsfdt,b bmdtlffgfnbvhts= .dtkfathb fvfc e[tkv’qdfytkt,c cjakbc vtehytj,bc cfv-vfhsdtkjc eahjcb nfhbtk &vfyfidbkb=888

[fk[b sfdv]ljvfhbc fcfhxtdfl vtcfvtl itbrhb,f8 f[kf ghtpblbevibcek hfbjyblfy xfvjcekt,b bc[lyty8 lfh,fpb bctd [fk[bs ufztlbkb b.j7jqjyl bv ufyc[dfdt,bs7 hjv itcfcdktkib lf res[tt,ib vbkbwbtkt,b bl-uyty8 pfmhj vjt.dfyfs lf ghtpblbevib lftcdfs7 vbnhj mbefidbkbw bm b.j8

2 xdtyb pfmhj vje.dfybfs= 2 dbqfwfv lfb’f[f82 fv[fyfut,j7 lqtc xdty itdbrhb,ts7 hjv rjkvtehytj,bc sfdv]ljvf-

ht fdbhxbjs7 ufdfhrdbjs cfrbs[b7 sfdv]ljvfhtl dby b.jc82 ufcfhrdtdb hfqff7 rjkvtehytj,bc sfdv]ljvfhtl pfmhj eylf b.jc7

pfmhj= 2 lfbuhbfkf [fk[vf8nfhbtkvf [fk[c [tkbs fxdtyf7 ufxevlbsj8 [vfehb ytk-ytkf ito.lf82 futh7 fm fhbc pfmhj [ewehfekb7 sdbsjy udbs[hfc7 sfdv]ljvfhtj-

,fc it’kt,c se fhf7 2 nfhbtkvf pfmhjc fxdtyf7 fltmbj8pfmhj oby ofvjluf8 vbcb cbn.dbc vjkjlbyib [fk[b ufxevlf82 vt sfdv]ljvfhtj,f fh vbylf7 dbcfw eylf7 bc b.jc sfdv]ljvfht7 vt

sfdb lfvfyt,ts= 2 smdf pfmhjv lf [fk[c hfqfw pvebkbcvfudfhb fqvj[lf52 smdb7 hjv sfdv]ljvfhtj,fc dth it’kt,7 hjv cfvfubcj fhw wjlyf

lf fhw ufvjwlbkt,f fhf ufmdc7 2 erfhyf[f nfhbtkvf82 smdty hfw ubylf bc smdbs7 vt sfdb lfvfyt,ts7 hfw cfsmvtkb b.j

ufcfut,fl dsmdb= 2 pfmhjv [tkb xfbmybf7 xfdblf nhb,eyblfy lf lfh,fpblfnjdf8

2 ,fhtv ub;bc vjovj,f eijdyts= 2 lfh,fpblfy lfb’f[tc8 2 smdt vf-vfw[jyt,ekt,j7 se vfufc wjlyf lf ufvjwlbkt,f fhf fmdc7 vf smdty ufmds0=nfhbtkf hfbjybc cjakbc vtehytj,fc e’qdt,f lf pfmhj cjatkc dth vj-edkbc0= iffibytc= iffibytc= 2 fqhbfklf [fk[b8

nfhbtkb fluf7 cbxevt vjbs[jdf82 xdtysdbc wyj,bkbf7 hjv pjubthsb rht,bc yjhvfkehfl ofhvfhsdfc

[tkc eikbc7 fvbnjv7 itb’kt,f bvfs c[df njypt dtkfgfhfrjs= 2 [tkb vb-kbwbtkt,bcrty ufbidbhf7 2 smdty fm ud.fdc smdtyb cjakbc idbkb7 rfhubf[fkufphlf rfwb7 lbvbnhb mbnefidbkb8

2 buht b[fhjc ityvf wjk-idbkvf7 hfvltyb tu rfhub b.jc= 2 lfb’f[tclfh,fpblfy8

2 dby smdf7 at[pt flutc= f[kfdt dfxdtyt,s ctbhc= 2 nfhbtkb lfbvemhf82 vstkb cjatkb fv,j,c= udfxdtyt thsb7 hf ufmdc cfxdtyt,tkb= 2 hfvlt-

ybvtv thsfl lfb’f[f8vbkbwbtkt,b ufcfdktkib fvj’hfdlyty7 sfy [fk[c fxevt,lyty82 lbvbnhb mbnefidbkb bmyt,f smdtyb sfdv]ljvfht= 2 ufvjfw[flf nf-

hbtkvf8

384

2 smdtyb b.jc7 cbrtstib vfb[vfhts= xdtyb sfdv]ljvfht dbyw eylf b.jc7erdt dsmdbs= 2 qhbfkt,lf lfh,fpb8

2 fv[fyfub mbnefidbkb ybzbthb7 ufyfskt,ekb lf gfnbjcfyb veifrbf7lblb fdnjhbntnb fmdc7 rfhub veifrbf9 hfbjyib cfzbhj b.j7 vfuhfv ufdbvt-nts bvbnjv7 hjv fv cjatkc .ehflqt,f vbfmwbjc7 wjlyf lf ufvjwlbkt,fsfdbc cjatkc vjf[vfhjc=

2 ye ufbvtnt,s= smdtysdbc lfbnjdts= vfubc wjlyf lf ufvjwlbkt,fwsmdty vfb[vfhts7 xdty .ehflqt,bc vjvmwtdbw ud.fdc lf rfb vwjlyt rfwbw= 2b’f[lf [fk[b8

nfhbtkc cbn.dbc ufuh’tkt,f eyljlf7 vfuhfv bct [vfehj,lyty7 hjvvbcb [vf fh bcvjlf8 vbkbwbtkt,vf erfyf hbut,ib jhb f[fkufphlf ufrjztclf ufhts uffshbtc8

2 vjrktl7 sfdv]ljvfhtl mbnefidbkb ut.jkt,fs= ofhvfnt,fc ubceh-dt,s= 2 nfhbtkvf uflfo.dtnbs smdf lf vbnhj sfdv]ljvfhtl fhxtekflxfsdfkf8

2 tu mbnefidbkb smdtysdbc vfb[vfhts= hj xfvj[dtlbs lf tu eylbkb,bzb xfvjb.dfyts7 xdtypt rfhufl bwyj,s0 se rjktmnbdbc cbrtst ubylfs7idbkjcf7 bc rfwb vjudtwbs sfdv]ljvfhtl7 se vfbyw lf vfbyw tu ubylfs7rfhuf ,kjvfl xfy[fhs7 tut rjktmnbdb lf tut smdty7 lfltmbs lf bveif-dts7 sfdv]ljvfhtl ubylf mbnefidbkb lfb.tyts lf ubylf fv,frj7 xdty fqfhdbveifdt,s= 2 ief lfh,fpib fluf hfvltybvt vtdtyf[t7 tc smdtc lf rfht,bc-rty uftvfhsyty7 [fk[b ofvjbifkf lf vfs vb/.df8

2 ye uujybfs7 hjv mdt.fyf xfkbs fhbc lf[ehekb7 [dfk vstkb cjatkbvsfdhj,fib ofdfks lf smdtyc rfb rfwj,fc bm vjdf[ctyt,s= 2 qhbfkt,lyty8

2 vjbwfs7 fv[fyfut,j= cfsmvtkb rbltd lfudhxf= 2 nfhbtkb e.dbhjlf82 smdtysfy cfsmvtkb fqfhfathb dufmdc7 vsfdhj,fib vjdbkfgfhfrjs9 bcbyb

hjv xfvjdkty7 smdtyc rfb rfwj,fc bm ofvjdfkfut,s= 2 bcvjlf [fk[blfy8nfhbtkvf vbc udthlbs vc[ljvs itibyt,ekb vpthf vjfdkj888cfqfvjsb fv,frjcsfy nfhbtkb lf rht,bc c[df vjyfobktyb vjv[lfh

fv,fdpt itiajst,ekb .dt,jlyty82 vfhsfkbf mbnefidbkb sfdv]ljvfhtl ufvjdfw[flts7 vfuhfv [fk[b

obyffqvltu ths[vfl ofdblf7 vsfdhj,fib xbdbkbs lfudtvemhyty8 fct smdtc7ce.dtkf ofdfksj8

2 vtht7 hfnjv dth lffo.yfhts= 2 fv,frjv cf.dtlehbs smdf82 .ehb fh lfudbultc7 ths[vfl fluyty lf lfh,fpb lfnjdtc9 [dfk vfuf-

sb ltlfmfkfmib ofcdkf ufvjhbw[ekb fh fhbc7 2 nfhbtkvf ibiyfhtdb[vbs smdf8

ptdbs7 vsfdhj,fib se wtrfib rfhufl bwjlyty7 hf &fkflj,fc lf cb-.fk,tc stclyty8 flubkt,pt .dtkfahbc fdnjht,b lf itvjvmvtlyb sdbsjyb.dyty7 vfuhfv hfbjybc [tkv’qdfytkj,fc ptdbs xbdbkc fh eojyt,lyty8fmfvlt ye vjeidt,s7 flubkpt vjefhts7 fvbcfsdbc .dtkf eakt,fc uf’ktd-sj8 tc rfhufl bwjlf fv,frjv lf fvbnjvw vfibydt itfnhbfkf sfdbcb gjpb-wbf8 itb’kt,f vjvxbdfhyb ufvjt.fhyfs7 vfuhfv se czbhlt,jlfs7 fv,frjcobyffqvltu ufvjb.tyt,lyty8

2 vfubc lfidt,f fhfahbs fh itb’kt,f= vjrktl7 tn.j,f nbnbrj vfhs-kf edfhubcb sfdv]ljvfht b.j7 xdty dth ufdeuts= 2 lffcrdyf8

385

2 edfhubcb lf emyfhf b.j= 2 nfhbtkvf lfevfnf82 vtht7 sfdbc lhjpt utsmdf7 cek vbc mt,fib hjv b.fd7 fmfvlt [jv fqfh

vbdbljlbs= cek ityb ,hfkbf7 ityb= cfmvbc rehcib fhf [fh7 hf [lt,f hfbj-ybc cjakbc vtehytj,fib= 2 fv,frjv vrfwhfl lfemybf sbsb7 2 bwjlt7 tc.dtkfathb vjutrbs[t,f hjujhw otcb lf hbubf= sfdv]ljvfht utuvt,c lfh-qdtdt,bs fchekt,c7 xdty udujybf7 hjv gfnbjcfyb veifrbf7 cjakbc vtehytj-,bc cfvvfhsdtkjc eahjcb rb .jdtkbdt fvfc [tlfdc lf [vfc fh bqt,c8 hfv-ltyb drbs[t7 cek nbnbrjc mt,fib b.j9 sdfkc udb[dtdlf7 dby ufgfnbt,c7 fv[f-yfuj fvfc= 2 bctd itenbf nfhbtkc7 hjvtkcfw efvbcjlfw vrdlhbceathb tlj8

2 xfdkty wtrfib cfxbdktkfl lf gbhdtk hbuib cfvvfhsdtkjc eahjcbvb/.dt,f fv cfmvtc8 ofdblf7 rht,f lfhqdtdbs xffnfhf7 ltvjrhfnbekj,bcghbywbgb itkf[f8 vbkbwbfc rht,fpt hf eyljlf8 ity utrbs[t,b0= 2 nfhbtkcsfdpt lffluf7 2 se evhfdktcj,f sfyf[vf fh b.j7 hjujh itb’kt,jlfsfdv]ljvfhbc fhxtdf0= fy pfmhj [ewehfekvf sfdv]ljvfhtj,fpt efhbhfnjv smdf7 fvltyb b.fdbs7 yese dth eylf vjut[th[t,byfs vbcb lf.jkb-t,f0 fv cfrbs[c cgtwbfkehfl itdbcofdkbs lf cfyfv wtrflfy xfvjdkty7pjvt,c xdty ufdfnfht,s= lj.kfgbt,j= [fk[b qbhctek rfwc sfdv]ljvf-hts sdbsjy bhxtdc7 bc efhc fv,j,c7 dth itd’kt,j7 bvbc vfubth7 hjv lf-fhoveyjy lf v[fhb lfezbhjy7 bjkb ufvjcfdfkb yf[tc7 hfbrjvbc bycnhem-njhb vbfxtxtc7 xfifktc rht,f lf gfnbjcfyb vihjvtkb [fk[b uffyfo.tytc=fvfc dby ufgfnbt,s7 dby0= 2 fv,frjv vfublfpt veinb lffhn.f8

ce.dtkf ufmdfdt,ekb b]lf82 cfcohfajl vj’t,yts pfmhj [ewehfekb7 lffhoveyts7 hjv bc sfdv]-

ljvfhtj,fc it’kt,c lf [dfkdt [fk[c ofhelubyts= 2 ,h’fyf82 xdty fqfh lfudb]tht,c7 &fkbfy ]benbf7 vbcb erfy vj,heyt,f uf’ytk-

lt,f7 2 smdf vtjht vlbdfyvf82 vj’t,yts7 fqvfcrjvbc sfdv]ljvfhbc vjflubkt vfst ,fqfidbkb7 zrdb-

fyb ,bzbf7 it’kt,c hjv lfb.jkbjc7 lqtcdt yf[jc pfmhj7 [dfk rht,bc jh-ufybpt,ekfl xfnfht,bcfsdbc qjybc’bt,f uffnfhjc lf pfmhj [ewehfekbofhelubyjc [fk[c8 smdty bm cfzbhj fqfhfdby fhf [fhs7 bc sdbsjy vb[t-lfdc cfmvtc= lj.kfgbt,j= 2 fv,frjv [tkb lffhn.f vfublfc8

rht,bc vjyfobktt,b rf,bytnblfy yfwtvt,bdbs ufvjdblyty888vtjht lqtc rb vfstv [fk[bc nfibc uhbfkib pfmhjc sfdv]ljvfhtj,f

gbhdtkvf vbekjwf8

cfvcf[ehb cfmvbcsdbc7 gjcnb relbcsdbc

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2 itb’kt,f0 2 vjhblt,bs brbs[f8vfst ofvjluf82 jvfhc ufevfh]jc= 2 vbdblf7 [tkb xfvjfhsdf7 crfvb itcsfdfpf lf

sdbsjyfw udthlbs vbe]lf82 hjujhf [fh7 jvfh0 hjujh uffnfht tc lqtt,b0 f[fkb [jv fhfat-

hbf0 2 rbs[dt,b lff.fhf82 sbsmvbc f[fkbf7 vt lf vfhbyt jabwbfkehfl itdeqklbs8 if,fsc gf-

386

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2 &fkbfy lblb vflkj,f7 jqjyl thsb rfhub vtuj,fhb vbylf ufufwyj7se obyffqvltub fh bmyt,b7 bvfcfw ofvjdb.dfy9 ity rfhufl ubwyj,c7 2 vfstntktajysfy vbdblf8

2 rjnt7 bwb xtvsfy dby fhbc0 jvfhb rbrbkfidbkb7 vt hjv vjub.tdb7 f,f7se bwyj,7 xdty &kbdc vjdf[th[ts thsvfytsbc wyj,f888 f[kfdt vj[dfk0888/j7]th xtvsfy fhbc8 ieflqbcfc lfdgfnb;js8 vfstv .ehvbkb lflj8

2 vfst7 vt lbl[fyc dth ufdxthlt,b7 vjcfudfht,tkb cfmvtt,b vfmdc7 2jvfhb ofvjluf8

vtstv v[fhpt [tkb lfflj82 vjbwf7 it rfb rfwj7 ]th [jv fh itvjcek[fh8 cfvcf[ehpt hf uflfo.dbnt02 tuthfl se vj[th[lt,jlf xtvb veifj,f7 rvf.jabkb dbmyt,jlb7 xtvc

w[jdht,fc erts lfdfrdbhlt,jlb7 vjvfdfkptw dbabmht,lb7 2 vjhblt,bssmdf jvfhvf8

2 f,f7 hf cfmvtt,b ufmdc vjcfudfht,tkb7 jvfh7 bmyt,f xdtyw ufvjuflutshfvtib0

2 fhfathb7 bct dsmdb7 ityb lbl[fyc itoe[t,f fh vbyljlf82 jvfh7 fct ye vthblt,b7 sjht dbabmht,7 hjv itysfy vtuj,hj,bc

qbhcfl fh vsdkb= 2 es[hf vfstv8jvfhc uftwbyf82 ye lfv’hf[fd7 vfst7 [jv bwb7 vt bctsb vrfwhb w[jdht,bc ufvjwlf

vbdbqt7 ityb vcufdct,b ,tdhb fh itv[dtlhbf7 vbdtxdtdb7 vskfl fh ofdv[-lfhdfh7 2 jvfhvf sfdb bvfhskf8

2 fhf eifdc7 ofv[lfh[fh rb fhf7 vfu lblb w[jdht,bctekb ufrdtsbkbs.dtkfc ud]j,b[fh7 2 vfstv uffv[ytdf8

rf,bytnib [vfehbs rjnt itvjdblf7 [tkt,b ufifkf8 2 jvfhc ufevfh-]jc= 2 lfb’f[f lf lblb [ybc eyf[fdb &vfcfdbs vrthlib xfbrhf8

lf,ytekb jvfhb e[th[ekj,fc fh bn.j,lf7 rjntc sdbsjyfw uflft[dbf8rjntv [tkt,b ufifkf82 f,f lfvfrdbhlb7 jvfh7 dbyf dfh7 se vbwyj,0jvfhvf ufbqbvf lf lf]tht,ekvf es[hf52 rjnt [fh7 hjujh dth ubwfyb=2 ity se bwfy7 2 vfstv cbwbkbs es[hf rjntc82 se dth dbwfy7 vfi7 hfnjv ity fh uflfut[dbt0=2 ityb ,tlb7 hjv jsf[ib cfvyb fh db.fdbs7 sjhtv bv vtcfvtc fh fcwlt-

,jlf ityb gbhdtkb cfkfvb7 2 .dtkfv ufbwbyf82 jvfhb vfhskf vf[cjdc7 sfdbfys ueylib .dtkfpt ertstcfl sfvfij,-

lf7 sfyfw esmvtkb lf vjhblt,ekb b.j8 ity se uf[cjdfh7 jvfh02 yfvldbkfl vf[cjd[fh7 cf[tkb rb lfvfdbo.lf8 vfiby .dtkfpt ,tdhc

ity zbz.byt,lb= 2 vbfybiyf jvfhvf82 fb7 hbs fvf[cjdhlt,b [fk[c7 .dtkfpt vtnc zbz.byt,lbj8 hf ubylf7

bzbz.byt7 fhcfl fh lfbrfhut,b7 2 uffv[ytdf vfstv82 .dtkf ztivfhbnt,bc lfcf,fvb zbz.bybf8 .jdtkudfhb itehbut,kj,f

odhbkvfy lfhqdtdt,sfyfw rb cfpjufljt,fc f]fycfqt,c8 sfdbc mytdf7 vkbm-dytkj,f lf vffvt,kj,f rb [hoybc lf frybyt,c vfc= vfi vt d.jabkdfh cfpj-

387

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hjv utcfe,ht,jlb7 fm fhbc82 hjvtkbf xtvb vhtdkb0 2 brbs[f lf ,bzt,c vbe,heylf82 futh7 jvfhb rbrbkfidbkb7 tuthj,bc cfertstcj rfylblfnehf8 futh

vt7 rjnt abhfidbkb [tkvjwfhekb ,hfrjybthbc rfylblfnehf7 2 jhbdtcsfdb ofhelubyf rjntv8

2 esjaj ,hfrjybthb fh ufvbubf vt7 2 lfsbrjv ufbwbyf lf .dtkfc xf-vjfhsdf [tkb8

2 thsb bfaafcbfyb sjab vjv.blts7 fh ubylfs7 smdtyc cfpjufljt,fc th-sb yfvldbkb akjhbc lf afeybc uekitvfnrbdfhb ittvfnjc0= 2 smdf rjntv8

2 akjhfcf lf afeyfc sjabfyb uekitvfnrbdfhb hfl eylf0= 2 ufbrdbh-df lfsbrjv8

2 vfi smdty hflf ufmds02 bvbnjv7 hjv ,hfrjybtht,c dt,h’jkjs7 pju]th rb vfdyt v[twt,b it-

dfwfkjs7 hjujhbwff nehf7 vtkf7 vutkb lf c[df7 2 lfsbrjv vfsb sjat,bclfybiyekt,f uffwyj8

2 vtw vfufc ute,yt,bs7 vjvtwbs sjab7 hjv ,hfrjybtht,c dt,h’jkj7pju]th rb bctsb utvhbtkb [jhwbc vfnfht,tkb ahbydtkb itdfwfkj7 hj-ujhbwff [j[j,b7 rfrf,b7 b[db lf c[df7 2 rjntv smdf sfdbcb cfsmvtkb8

2 ahs[bkfl7 rjnt7 itypt ltysbc lf cfafynbc uf.bldf fh fdrh’fkjs= 2lfsbrjv sbsbc lfmytdbs uffahs[bkf8

2 vfst7 c[df cfmvtpt itvjdbfht7 vfuhfv hfrb jvfhb fm lfvf[dtlht7 ufdb-.jkt, fkfvfypt7 bm &fkbfy udbzbhc= 2 lfsbrj ufcfcdktkfl vjtvpflf8

jvfhb fluf8 wjnf [fyc ufxthlf7 vtht vfstc vjrh’fkt,bs es[hf5 2vfst vbyljlf mjhobkib xtvb yfskbf .jabkb.fdb8

2 ity utyfwdfkt7 jvfh7 yfskbfl jhbdt vjdlbdfhs= 2 rjntv vfstc cbn.-dbc smvf fqfh lffwflf lf jvfhc uflft[dbf8

vfstv vflkbthb qbvbkbs lfsbrj lf jvfhb rfht,fvlt vbfwbkf888hfbrjvbc vtcfvt vlbdfyb7 ubjhub cf.dfhtkb’t ufycfresht,bs c’eklf

fv,frjc8 ubjhub cojhtl bc veifrb b.j cbvfhskbcf lf flfvbfysfy cjwbf-kehb rtsbklqtj,bcfsdbc sfdc hjv fh pjufdlf8 cjwbfkbcnehb rfyjyv-lt,kj,bc ecfpqdhjl c]thjlf7 vfuhfv fv,frjc lf vbcb vafhdtkb wtrfcgbhdtkb vlbdybc tlefhl itdfhlyf’bcufy ofh.dybkb w[jdht,bc vbth uf-sfd[tlt,ekb &fkjdfyb cnhemneht,b rfyjyt,c erfyjyj,bc lf &fkflj,bclfcfvrdblht,kfl b.tyt,lyty8 ubjhub vstkb itcf’kt,kj,bs t,h’jlf pt-dblfy fujht,ek ufyerbs[fj,bc lf rfyjybtht,bc ybq,bc mdti erfyjyj,bclfvrdblht,bc itemwtdfl ghjwtcc7 hfw cjwbfkbpvbc hqdtdbc7 fdnjhbntnbcitkf[dbc lf ,jkjc vbcb vjcgj,bc ghjuhfvbs [jhwbtklt,jlf8 dbyw fvcbve[sktc oby fqeluf7 cgj,lyty7 .jdtkudfhb ecbylbcj wbkbcofvt,bc lfsfdbfysb lfyfifekbc vfhsfk flfvbfyt,pt cfnfyehb wbybpvbs uflf,hfkt-,bs8 ubjhub cf.dfhtkb’t fv,frjc cfvfhw[dbyj vvfhsdtkj,fc cbvfhskbslf cgtnfrb cbylbcbs ittzblf7 fvbnjv erdt jhb otkbf cfibytkb wbkbcofvt-,f vjeujytc lf sbhrvtkt,bs v’bvtl lffdflt,ek ubjhubc lfgfnbvht,fc

388

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vbnhjc vbth fv,frjc mt,fc lf vbc obyfit mtlbc vj[hfc cfpqdfhb fh/mjylf8 hf tcbfvjdyt,jlf obyfcofh bwjlf lf vbc .dtkf xfyfabmhc vj[lt-ybkfl fchekt,lf8

2 tc hf ufy’b dbijdts7 rfwj= 2 fv,frj [ibhfl fv,j,lf8vbnhj sfdbc .jabk rjktut,c cbc[kc eihj,lf8 bycnhemnjht,b vbcb

ibibs rfyrfkt,lyty7 tibyjlfs7 vbnhjc hfbvtpt fv,frjcsfy fh lftcvbyf7hfw vbnhjc &bhbsflb sdbct,fsfufyb b.j8 mt,f e.dfhlf7 fvbnjv bycnhem-njht,b thsvfytsc twbkt,jlyty vbnhjc mt,fib8 bcbw b]lf lf cbfvjdyt-,bs bcvtylf vjujybk se itkfvfpt,ek vbc lbl lfvcf[eht,fc8 ,bzt,b f[kfdtqfh e,tlfdlyty fv,bc uh’kfl vj.jkbc ito.dtnfc7 bc[lyty lf vbnhjcnhf,f[bs lfjct,ekt,b ufesfdt,tk s[hj,fc vjsvbyt,bs7 gbhvjsyt qb-vbkbs lf vsmyfht,bs bcvtylyty8

vbnhjc pfmhjcsfy ufycfresht,ekb fyufhbib /mjylf ufcfcojht,tkb8vfhnj bc hfl qbhlf7 hjv [fk[vf sfdv]ljvfhtl pfmhj fbhxbf8 gbhdtk-cfdt lqtc vbcb cbvfvhb obcmdbkblfy ufvjfulj8 hjwf [dlt,jlyty thsvf-ytsc7 gtnj cek rjkvtehytj,bc feuc tkfgfhfrt,jlf8 vbnhjw bvemht,j-lf7 vjbwfljc7 vt vfufc dfxdtyt,j ctbhc8 gtnjc rb7 rdbhf fh ufdbljlf7fyjybvehb othbkb fh lftothf7 vjud[tlts7 .fxfqvf lf rjv,byfnjhvf pfm-hj [ewehfekvf lfudfmwbfj9 sfyfvjfphtt,bw bijdf yjqf ujubf lf vbcbvcufdct,b8 fv,frj .dtkf othbkc lblb cbfvjdyt,bs rbs[ekj,lf8 e.ehts7rfwj7 tu pfmhj dby .jabkf7 vstk rjktmnbdc itzfvc= vfuhfv xdty fvbc ea-kt,fc fh vbdwtvs= bn.jlf lf vtht fvfc vj/.dt,jlf rjvbcbbc lfrjvgktm-nt,f8 vstkb rdbhf xfc[lt,jlyty rjkvtehytj,fib7 veifj,bc .dtkf cat-hjc ufx[htrlyty7 ,jkjc rb itlut,jlf dhwtkb vj[ctyt,bsb ,fhfsb7 cf-lfw vbnhjc lf fv,frjc uekbc ufcf[tsmfl tothf7 hjv fyjybveh othbkibcbwhet lf wbkbcofvt,f othbfj8 fv,frjc fvbc ofrbs[df fh cbfvjdyt,lf7vfuhfv .dtkf vjhbu rjvbcbfc cek thsvfytspt cfufyufij fv,fdb vj/mjylf9rjkvtehytj,fib fhyf[ekb thscekjdyt,f lf lfhfpvekj,f buh’yj,jlf8

yflbhj,f

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2 jvfhb rfhuf [fybf ufcekbf7 itvjdkfc lffvsfdht,lf7 vfkt vjdf8 vf-yfvlt lfc[tlbs7 lfbcdtyts7 2 vbbgfnb;f8

389

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smdf lf rjntc fcflujvfl [tkb vbfojlf82 fkfpfyc sfdlfqvf lfe.tdbs7 jvfhb bmblfy vjdf7 upfpt it[dlt,bs7 2

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2 fvfc /mdbf o.fkofqt,ekb [fdcc tzblt,fj7 2 xfbkfgfhfrf vfstv82 vjhxf7 at[pt dtqfh flut,f7 vfuhfv vfbyw hjujh df;rfwehfl b,h’dbc7 2

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2 vfubc cfmvt itb’kt,f vjhxtybkb b.j7 vfuhfv vjcgj,fpt rb fh utsfy-[vt,b8 f,f7 uf[tlt7 fkfpybc gbhfc hfvltyb dth[db lufc lf vbcb vfwjw[kt,t-kb ntybs brdt,t,f8 vfufc7 e,hfkjl7 ,tlvf eve[skf7 fv itextht,tk lbyt-,fc at[ib vjtlj7 hjvtkbw lqtvlt fwjw[kt,lf lf vbcbdt vc[dthgkb uf[-lf9 ufyf fkfpfyc rb czbhlt,f vfubc lfqegdf0 fhf7 vfuhfv hjwf odbvt,bsvsfib lfvlyfhb sjdkbs &fkfitvfnt,ekb euyeh hbc[dfc e[dfl stcfdc7,jhjnb7 ecfvfhskj lf ufenfytkb [lt,f e[fcbfsj vsdhfkb rfwbdbs7 ea-hj cojhfl rb lblb &fkfeakt,bc vmjyt dthfub crfvjcfybdbs8 tn.j,f7 vfudth[dc &bhb vfiby ufvjfwfkf7 f[kf rb lfo.yfht,ekbf7 vfuhfv ,jlbibcvj[lbc vfubth sfdbc euyehj,fc frfyjyt,c lf fvfhskt,c9 sevwf7 hjv vj-byljvjc7 dth[dc at[pt vfbyw dtqfh lff.tyt,c7 tu dth[db xdtyb cfvfhsfk-lfvwfdt,bc vbth elfyfifekjl lfc]bk rfwc /ufdc7 2 vfstv dth[dbc lffkfpybc zblbkc sfdbct,ehb ufyvfnt,f vbcwf8

2 fctst,b fhbfy &kbthyb fvf mdt.ybcf= 2 gfstnbrehfl smdf rjntv8vjcf[dtdblfy jvfhb ufvjxylf8 rjntv [tkb lfemybf7 2 ,eyt,bc idbkc

ufevfh]jc= 2 lfb’f[f8jvfhb vfqfkb8 v[fh,tzbfyb df;rfwb b.j8 cek cfq /fthpt .jayfc lf vpbc

c[bdt,bc cbzfh,tc rbltd eahj uftrf;t,byf8 s[tkb7 vjrktcf[tkjt,bfyb gt-hfyub twdf7 v[jkjl reysb7 &dfkb lf ptl uflfrhekb ,hby]fjcathb rfybb.j8 sfy sjab fh /mjylf7 mfvfhpt sfdbcb ufye.htkb cfyflbhj lfyf trblf8

2 fct flht fhfahbs fh utkjlbs7 sjht ,byfib lfubwlblbs7 2 vjb,j-lbif8

2 vfstc uflfvrblt hfnj iefqfvbcfc fh lfufltmbs7 2 rjntv lbkbc &b-kbc lfrfhudbs ufvjodtekb ervf.jabkt,f ufvj[fnf8

390

2 rfhubf7 flht hjv vj[dtlbs7 ofdblts7 ]th vo.thpt dbyflbhjs lfvtht lf,vek kjmjc ufxdtyt,s7 2 jvfhb jhbdtc ,bybcfrty ofe’qdf8

2 ]th lf,vekb kjmj dyf[js7 2 wmvenfdlf rjnt82 lf,vekbc yf[dfc .jdtksdbc vjdfcoht,s7 vo.thb rb lfe,vtkbf8 se

lfudbw[f7 yflbhj,f uf’ytklt,f7 fhw vo.thb fvjdf7 2 fe[cyf jvfhvf8thsb afhsj yfodthfkib xfluyty7 vfhnj jvfhbc &fqkb trfkf /.fd-

lfs sfy82 &fqkb fh lfudzbhlt,f7 vo.thb bvltybf7 sfdbcbs fvjlbc9 trfkf rb

thscfw fh lfudbrfhufdc7 2 smdf jvfhvf8rjnt &fqkc lbl[fyc frdbhlt,jlf7 vtht brbs[f5 2 hf ]bibcff tu ityb

trfkf02 fdxfhrbcf lf bhkfylbehb ctnthbc yf]dfhbf7 [fcbfsbw jhbdtcb fmdc7

.dtkfathb bwbc7 flfvbfybdbs fphjdyt,c7 2 lff[fcbfsf jvfhvf82 trfk= 2 rjntv lfe’f[f8 &fqkvf .eht,b wmdbnf7 2 vjlb fm= 2 &fqkvf

jvfhc it[tlf82 vblb7 trfk7 xdtybfybf= 2 e,h’fyf jvfhvf8 trfkf rjntcsfy vbdblf8 xf-

wewmlf lf .eht,f lfeo.j82 trfk7 bwb vt dbyf dfh0 rjnt abhfidbkb7 ufysmvekb vjyflbht lf

yflbhsf hbc[df= 2 &fqkvf sfdb uflffnhbfkf lf wfkb sdfkbs it[tlf82 &fqkc tzdb tgfht,f7 yf[t7 hjujh itvju[tlf72 vfstv cbwbkbs es[hf82 kfgfhfrb tcvbc0 2 rjnt jvfhc ufrdbhdt,bs ittrbs[f82 hfw cfzbhjf .dtkfathb tcvbc7 2 fe[cyf jvfhvf82 ufbsdfkbcobyt lf itvltuib hjv xfvjdfk7 kfgfhfrb bwjltc= 2 rjntv

jvfhc lfdfkt,f vbcwf8 2 se .jdtk itvs[dtdfib fh vj[th[ltc7 hjvtkbvtvtn.dtksfy it]dfht,bc upbs itb’kt,f vbbqj=

2 tu fh ufvjdf7 2 fe[cyf jvfhvf82 ufvjdf7 hjujh fh ufvjdf7 mdt.fyfpt hfvltyb vfubc ]bibc vtn.dtkb

lflbc7 vj’t,yt lf bgjdb7 vfuhfv fh ubhxtd7 vtn.dtkt,fc rb bcofdkbc7 vfu-hfv gfnbjcfyb isfvjvfdkbc gthcgtmnbdfc ufeaezt,c= b.jc bctd hjujhwfhbc= 2 rjntv trfkfc vtn.dtkt,bc ewjlbyhj,fpt yt,f lfhsj lf vfcht,bcafkfcrf itbcojhf8

2 ofdblts= 2 yfodthfkib uh’tkb yf,b]t,bs itdblf7 2 ofvjlb7 trfk7xtvsfy7 vfufs chjkf fh bwbfy7 vo.thb vt vjvrbs[t8

vo.thb bmfdt feahbylf8 rjntv chjkf vjfcohj7 xfvjfulj8 cfyfv sjacufntyblf7 trfkfv vbeh,tybyf lf bct vbfojlf sbsmjc fvfyfsh,tyib yfdfh-]bit,bfj8

rjntv [tkib uflffnhbfkf7 2 cfo.fkb vjvrdlfhf= 2 cbyfyekbs xfbkf-gfhfrf8

2n.dbf tchjkt7 .dfdbkt,bc ,ertnb [jv fhf8 lqtdfyltkb vo.thsf wjl-df lftljc bvfc7 dbyw gbhdtkb vo.thb vjrkf7 2 vfstv kjwdfcfdbs xfbkf-gfhfrf8

rjntc rb vfstc [vf fhw rb ufeujybf8 vo.thb [tkbc uekpt lfblj lfsdfkvjo.kbfyt,ekb lf/.eht,lf8 e’hfdfl vlufh rjntc trfkfv ths[tkrbltd it[tlf lf cfyflbhjl ufcek jvfhbcfrty ufbmwf8

rjntv sjab v[fhpt uflfbrblf lf ,bzt,c erfy uf/.df82 wjw[fkbf7 2 smdf vfstv lf trfkfc lfzhbkb vo.thb ufvjfhsdf8 2

391

dtqfh uflfhxt,f7 2 xfbkfgfhfrf lf sfcvbc xfvjcfrblbc .ekaib sfdb uff-.jabyf8

2 hf idht,b7 f[hxj,0= 2 lfb.dbhf rjntv7 vfstcsfy vbbh,byf lf vo.thbufvjfhsdf8

2 cfo.fkb rdlt,f lf ity vjvfrdlfdb eylf xfvjf[hxj7 fvfpt lblb ecf-vfshkj,f hf fhbc= 2 ]fdhj,lf rjnt8

2 f,f7 hf vtmyf7 pbfht,f vt fh dbwb lf888 2 vfstc uftwbyf8hfvltyb sjab ufdfhlt,jlf7 rjnt [fy vfstcsfy lf [fy jvfhbcrty ufh-

,jlf82 wjw[fkb [jv fh fhbc0= 2 ijhblfydt b’f[lf8 se wjw[fkb b.j7 .dbhj-

lf5 2 fh xfvjrbljs= fh xfvjrbljs===rjntc fsfvlt lfzhbkb vo.thb iteuhjdlf7 vfuhfv .dtkf vjerdlf82 ahsfibf lfzhbkb7 bct vskfl cfqbf= 2 lfb’f[f jvfhvf8rjntv vfibydt vbbh,byf lf vo.thb cfsesfl ufvjfhsdf8 2 uekb bct

ewtvc7 ufecrltc kfvbc= 2 xfbkfgfhfrf8bmdt xf]lf8 lbl[fyc tcfe,hf5 2 f,f7 f[kf vt hf ubidtkj7 hjv ofub.df-

yj7 dfb7 se7 gfnbvhj,fib zhbkj,f eahj ufubqbpbfyltc lf lfhlbcfufyuekb ufubcrltc8 vjlb ufubidt,7 cfzvtkb ,tdhb utmyt,f7 pfvshfvlt ahsfvjubhxt,f lf hjujhvt sfdc itbyf[fd7 2 rjntv vjyflbhtt,bcrty ufb[tlf7ijhbf[kjc ufxtht,ekb.dyty7 oby b.eht,jlyty7 tn.j,jlfs7 rjntc tkj-lt,jlyty8 sbsmjc tibybf7 fh lfvbyf[jyj7 vo.thb ,fkf[t,ib xfcdf lf at[-pt fluf8 jvfhb lf vfst thsvfytsc vbef[kjdlyty9 rjnt vfssfy vbdblf8

2 jhbdtc jwb vo.thb ud.fdc7 dfpyt,b rbltd lfudhxf7 2 smdf vfstv lfafkfcrfib lfhxtybkb dfpyt,bc lfsdkf lfbo.j8

trfkfv hfrb fhfathc fdfkt,lyty7 vbyljhib ceycekb lfbo.j8 vfktjvfhbcsfy vbdblf lf gbhbs hfqfw vbfojlf8 jvfhb lfb[fhf7 vo.thb ufvj-fhsdf8

2 tc ahsfib lfzhbkb vo.thbf7 vt hjv vjutwb7 tn.j,f ufutgfhf7 cfo.f-kb rdlt,f8 trfkfc bct qhvfl xfeldbf gbhib7 cekb iteue,lf7 fk,fs7 2jvfhvf vjvfrdlfdb vo.thb rjntc ufeojlf8

rjntv yfqdkbfyfl ufvjfhsdf82 dbsjv cbrtst vbyljlf7 2 cbyfyekbs xfbkfgfhfrf7 2 vtujyf7 fm lfd-

njdt,7 ahsf ite[jhwlt,f lf bwjw[kt,c-vtsmb7 cfo.fkb lfdqegt7 f[kfxdty [fk[b dfhs7 hfc udbifdt,ty7 hfpt d[jwfds0= fvfspt eo.byfhb lf cfs-yj ahbydtkb dth ofhvjvblutybf8 vtht hjujhb kfvfpt,b fhbfy7 ufyf itb’-kt,f fvbcsdbc n.dbbc chjkf0= 2 vjsmdfvlf rjnt8

2 yflbhj,f fqfh ufvjdf7 lfdfvsfdhjs7 2 xfbkfgfhfrf vfstv lf sjabv[fhpt uflfbrblf8

2 lf,vek kjmjcsfy ofdblts= 2 ufe[fhlf rjntc8jvfhc uftwbyf7 2 fm [fy bctsb wjldf nhbfkt,c7 hjv bwjlt7 rjnt7 fk-

,fs ufub;lt,jlb8 [j[j,pt &fqkt,bdbs botdty7 vfuhfv ]th devfuhlt,b7rfhufl vjdfvhfdkt8

2 fv cbkfvfptc hfnjv cgj,ty7 fhf c]j,bf vbcb vpthbs lfnr,yty0= se[jhwb eylfs7 ofdblyty lf vfqfpbfib b.bljy8 se rbltd [tkt,b tmfdt,fs7.dfdt,b wjnff0 clbjy lf [jwjy8 2 rjntv .dfdt,b fh lfbylj8

2 .dfdc ltlf fhf /.fdc0 2 cbwbkbs smdf vfstv8

392

393

2 /.fdc7 vfuhfv fhfahbc vfmybcbf7 sfyfw cf’futkb .hfynfkb bwbc8 cf-vfc otkc w[jdhj,c lf t.jaf8 vo.thvfw bwjw[kjc [esb otkb7 hf lffifdf=2 rjntv .dfdt,pt yflbhj,f lffcf,esf8

2 hjujh eylf ufbujy7 hjvtkb ef[kjdlt,f cfvfc otkc7 hjv vtnb fqfhufeidfy0 lfbzbhjy lf /rbs[jy7 itvs[dtdbs vw[jdfyb .dfdb [jv fhf [fh8eylf vjurkfj0 2 vfstv ,t,th .dfdt,pt yflbhj,bc ghj,ktvf ofvjzhf8

2 .dfdbw cfzbhjf7 ,eyt,fc ptlvtnb fhfathb fh ufextybf7 2 jvfhb xfth-sj rfvfsib8 2 bct zrdbfyehfl fhbc fo.j,bkb7 ufubrdbhlt,f7 hfw itemvybf.dtkfc sfdbcb zbhb ufexbyf7 jqjyl bv hfjltyj,bs7 hjv &fkbfy fh ufv-hfdklyty lf ,bjkjubehb ojyfcojhj,f fh lffhqdbjy8 vo.thc vbvbyj lffsfcb vnfwt,tkb tvntht,f7 hjv epjvjl fh ufvhfdklyty lf vwtyfhtekcfafhc cfahs[t fh itemvybfy8 .dfdb cfertstcj cfybnfhbf7 sfudt,cfw cbf-vjdyt,bs vbbhsvtdc888 2 jvfhc rbltd hfqfwbc smvf eyljlf7 rjntv fqfhlffwfkf8

2 bmyt, ,eyt,fv flfvbfyc sjab bvbnjv fxemf7 hjv vo.ht,b ufto.dbnf7ojyfcojhj,f fh lfbhqdtc7 fy .fyf fh uf’jdjy lf vibthb fh lfhxtj7 2rjntv sjabc ufvjujyt,bc vbpfyc vbfuyj8

2 fb7 vfyl rb cwlt,b7 rjnt7 flfvbfyb &fkbfy [ibhfl thtdf ,eyt,bc rf-yjypjvbtht,bc cfrbs[ib8 wlbkj,c7 hjv .dtkfathb sfdbc cfcfhut,kjlufvjb.tyjc7 vfuhfv se ahs[bkfl fh vjtmwtdf7 vbcb itltut,b ,evthfyub-dbs sdbsjydt vje,heylt,f7 2 jvfhfv lffvsfdhf sfdbcb cfsmvtkb8

2 ufyut,ff se ,eyt,f7 hjv itudmvyf7 fvbcsdbc lblb vflkj,f7 hfqf zb-hfl ufvjudf.jkf nbkb7 ho.bkb7 ,fqkby]j8 bv lfkjwdbkvf7 c[df ertst-cb dthfathb vjbujyf0= 2 rjnt ufyut,fc ufeo.hf8

2 cflfw tutyb fqfh fhbfy7 bm bvfnf oytdfv7 crkthjpvf7 byafhmnvf lfdby bwbc7 rbltd hfv7 2 fe[cyf jvfhvf8

2 vt ityb ufyvfhnt,f fct vtcvbc5 dsmdfs7 qvthsvf flfvbfyb hjv itmvyf7tc fh cf[ctyt,tkb votht,bw sfy uffnfyf lf es[hf7 f/f7 ofb.df7 oytdf7 crkt-hjpb lf fsfcb j[hj,f hjv fh lfutvfhsjc7 bvbnjv ufnfy7 vfhsfkbf udf-hbfyfl itufoe[t,ty7 udthlt,c vjufa[fybyt,ty7 mjyc vjufwbkt,ty7 cfvfubt-hjl ]fyvhstkb bmyt,b7 cbrtstib vjb[vfhtj8 tc cektkb flfvbfyb rb [j-wfdc7 z.ktnc7 cgj,c7 fyflueht,c7 ths vidtybth lqtc oytdbfyb lf crkthj-pbfyb ufbqdb’t,c7 hf evflehj,ff= 2 itbw[flf rjntv8

2 vfu cfrbs[t,ibw ojyfcojhj,ff cfzbhj8 pjuc bvltyb vr,tyfhf lfct-dbf7 vfhnj vfs cfrdt,fl fhct,j,c7 2 ufyvfhnf cfrbs[b vfstv8

fkfpybc zfkfc vbef[kjdlyty8 gbhdtkbdt ve[bc xhlbkib itluyty7 wj-nf itdbcdtyjs7 hf rfhub uhbkb ybfdb e,thfdc7 2 smdf vfstv lf vskflcdtkb gthfyub ufb’hj8

2 hfqf lhjc itcdtyt,ff7 kjmjcsfy vbdblts lf bm hfvltybw ubylfitbcdtyt5 cfbynthtcj cf.eht,tkb bmyt,f7 2 vjbs[jdf rjntv8

upf bctd ufyfuh’tc82 itysdbc cfbynthtcj bmyt,f8 .,fib xfyufkufhzj,bkb lf rfghjybc sj-

rbs [tpt vb,vekb kjmjc fkfpfyib afhs[fkb0 kjmj gbhlfgbh fqahsj-dfyt,ekb lfhxt,f fv gfnbdbs0 2 /rbs[f vfstv8

2 kjmj vnfwt,tkbf lf vbcb lf,vbs7 fk,fs7 ,tdhb rtsbkij,bkb stdpbuflfhxf7 2 ittlfdf rjnt8

394

2 rtsbkij,bkt,fib bv stdpc hfc esdkb7 kjmjc hjv dth vjhtdbf lfsfdbcpt vwbhtc hjv zfvc0 seylfw kfvfpb7 obyorkt,bfyb rfkvf[b sfyfvj’-vtc fh lfbylj,c se itfn.j7 hjv vbcb uflf.kfgdf ite’kbf8

2 hf dmyf7 &vfj= 2 rjnt ewt, ufxthlf lf [tkt,b ufifkf7 2 fv wjldbfymdt.fyfpt .jdtksdbc dbqfwf dbqfwfc zfvc8 cekbthc dth vj’t,yb7 dbyvt hjvfh /.fdltc itzvekb8 fvfc fh uffrtst,c0 fy vibthb vjrdlt,f7 fy vfc sdbsjyitzfvty8 tc w[jdht,f tuht zfvf-.kfgdbs vjlbc7 hf dmyf7 vt [jv dth ufdfc-ojht,8 fv,j,ty7 sdbsjy qvthsvf itmvyfj tuht= vfiby kjmjcsfy hf uby-lf7 vfhnj stdpc zfvc7 flfvbfyvf rb vfhnj stdpb hjv zfvjc7 ovbylfyflcfqbfht,tkbf8 udtkbc [jhwblfy7 fmktvbc7 dtifgbc lf rfkbbc xfsdkbs it-ezvtkb fhfathb udhxt,f lf vfbyw fh ud.jaybc8

fkfpybc gbhfc ufdblyty8jvfhb ptl yfgbhsfy vlufh7 f[fkufphlf dth[dsfy vbdblf lf rfghjybc

odhbkb sjrb f[cyf82 o.yfhfl fhbc7 cfo.fkb thsb lqt-qfvt f,bf7 tn.j,f7 ,tdhb bodfkf9

rfhuf vjphlbkbf7 lfcdtyt,ekbwff7 itudt,h’jkt,f7 ewt, eylf vjdpbljs8jvfhvf sjrb vjcobf lf ewt, v.elhj vjhtdb fleqlf8 kjmjv v’kfdhbrelb vjbmybf lf o.fkb yfgbhc itf[tsmf7 sfdufyobhekfl b,h’jlf7 fmts-bmbs fo.lt,jlf7 vfuhfv jvfhb yfgbhbcrty lby]fl vjfshtdlf8 hjujhwb.j o.fkc vjfwbkf lf yfgbhpt ufvjfshbf7 f[kf fm lfeo.j vbofc sfdbcbrelbc cfcjofhrdtsbkb n.kfieyb8

2 fe7 hfv[tkf sfdb fmdc= 2 f.dbhlf rjnt8 2 cfl ufbpfhlf fv[tkf7 tco.fkib rfwc hjv it[dltc7 [jv vjfzfvf ,fhrfkb=

2 cfvb aesb sfdbceakfl bmyt,f7 2 smdf vfstv82 hjujh lfbzbht0 2 /rbs[f rjntv82 ,f.f.b e.dfhc8 fyrtcpt ofvjut,ekb7 hjv afhs[fkt,c fyrtcbfyfl .kf-

gfdc7 2 fe[cyf jvfhvf888ceahf epfhvfpfhb ve[bc xhlbkib ufifktc8 gehb ufnt[tc lf sbsj zbmf

qdbyjw uflf/rhtc82 ,eyt,bc obfqib fv lfkjwdbkc cek c[df ti[b fmdc= 2 rjntv wfhbtkb

zbmf ,fkf[pt uffujhf82 ti[b lf kfpfsb vfiby fmdc7 hjwf ihjvbs lfqkbkb [fh lf qdbyj

uo.ehbf7 hjv uf’fkt,ty lf &fkfsb cdfd7 vfiby fhfahbc utvj fhf fmdc7gbhbmbs pbpbqbs cdfd=

2 flfvbfybf thsflthsb w[jdtkb7 sevwf vjfphjdyt7 hfw fh eylf7 hjvzfvc7 hfw tpbpqt,f7 hjv cdfdc9 qjhc dth xffc[fd bvfc7 hfw fh eylf fy fhco.ehbf7 2 lffcrdyf rjntv8

vpt lfcfdktsbcrty uflfb[fhf7 [bc njnt,ib sfdbceafkb flubkb yf[flf ceahfpt xfvj]lf8 cfvbdtv lffdktc [tkb hfw /mjylfs lf qhvf xhlbk-ib uflfbyfwdktc8

vjctv lblb cbybs7 &vhbs lf mby’bs itytkt,ekb kjmjc [jhwb vjbnfyf82 fv kjmjc ,tlb /mjybf7 xfyufkb hjv fh ufukb]f lf fh ofdblf8 .,flf-

[tekb vibthb vjrdlt,jlf9 dby bwbc7 hjvtkb v.hfkb stdpbc kervf uf[lt-,jlf7 2 smdf vfstv8

2 xdty wbdbkbpt,ekfl dzfvs7 utvhbtkflff itrfpvekb &vhbs lf mby-’bs7 cfew[jj qdbybc cvbc lhjc db[ctyt,s cbwjw[kbcfsdbc vbc ,jkj7 sfd-

395

ufyobhek ,h’jkfc9 f,f7 bc hfib fo.j,lf .,fvjvndhtek vjvfrdlfdc hj-vtkbvt ehw[db stdpb hjv ufvjukt]lf udthlc7 ufvj’qt,jlf7 vtht ecbh-w[dbkjl itfsfvfit,lf relc lf bct ufwehlt,jlf7 vflkj,fcfw fh tn.jlf8fv kjmjc yfvldbkfl ,tlb /mjybf= 2 lffcrdyf rjntv8

2 ifvfbfc lfvrfhufdb hjv nbhjlf7 dbyvtv mfif.bc ljytpt fh zfvjcj7 fvkjmjc cfmvtw tuht tmyt,jlf7 bv ehw[d stdpc hf twjlbyt,jlf7 hjv lblt-,ekb lf e’ktdtkb kjmjc [jhwc vbbhsvtdlf7 bct itzfvlf7 hjujhw .df-dbc gbhblfy ufdfhlybk v.hfk [jhwc7 hjv dth vb[dlt,jlf bv lblt,ekbnhfgtpbc fhcc8 vfi ufevfh]jc kjmjc= 2 jvfhvf zbmf fcobf8

2 kjmjc ufevfh]jc= 2 lfb’f[tc lf zbmt,b ufvjwfktc82 bct ufb[fhf .dtkf fdvf lf ,jhjnvf7 hfvltyb xdtyvf lqtuh’tkj,fv

fv kjmjc hfbvt eidtkjc7 2 rjntv j[hf[eib vjrtwf7 vfhbkib xffoj lfgbhib xfbntyf8

vjctv kjmjc cflqtuh’tkj e[vjl lfkbf lf fluf7 2 vt wjnf [fyc uf-dbdkb7 uflfuhbklf7 fhfdby itvjudtgfhjc7 2 smdf7 sjab fbqj lf ,fkf[bslfafhek ,bkbrc ufe.df8

2 [j[j,b= 2 ewt, lfb’f[f rjntv8rdbykbc ,exmsfy fh[tbyfl vblbjlf ltlf [j[j,b7 erfy rb rfhufl vjp-

hlbkb7 hbuib xfvlufhb xhb[dt,b vbcltdlyty8vfst bynthtcbs vbfxthlf82 smdty tu hf ubrdbhs7 fuhbkltc7 yf[fds hfvltyb ufvjbikt,f9 sfvf-

vfl dtqfh [jwfdty lf fvfsfw ittn.js7 2 fvf.fl smdf jvfhvf8sbsmjc vbcb yfsmdfvbc ufmfho.kt,f eylfj7 cflqfw f[kjc sjab uf-

dfhlf7 vfc legktnb vj/.df8 jvfhb at[pt ofvj[nf7 .ehb lfeulj7 fpecnt,-lf7 hjvtk flubkfc eylf .jabkb.dyty7 2 yfvldbkfl xfkbfy .ehtib fhbfy8bm ]th rfwc sjab fh ufecdhbf7 2 wjnf [fyc fct bluf7 2 dbc eylf uft,tlf02 xfbkfgfhfrf8 fvbc smvf lf hfvltybvt ptlbptl ufdfhlf7 vtht chjkbc [vfeahj uf[ibhlf8 sbsmjc itsfy[vt,ekb fhbfyj7 .he fatsmt,fv vbcwf ,fyb7ptlbptl rbltd jhb fatsmt,f ufbcvf8

2 smdty fm b.fdbs= 2 ofvjb’f[f jvfhvf lf flubkc iehlekbdbs vjco.lf82 tc hf fv,fdbf7 jvb lfbo.j0 2 brbs[f rjntv82 ity fm b.fdb7 cfyfv vjd,heylt,bs7 2 es[hf vfstv lf jvfhbc rdfkc

cbh,bkbs vb/.df8rjntv v[ht,b fbxtxf7 sjab fbqj7 v[fhpt uflfbrblf7 vtht vfymfyfc vb-

vfhsf92 ity fm b.fd7 cfyfv vjdfks= 2 cekbthbdbs es[hf lf erdt ufexbyfht-

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pt7 2 vbnhjv v[ht,b bct itfsfvfif7 sbsmjc ndbhsbc cbv’bvtc fvjovt,lf8 2/jlf7 lhj vfbyw ufvjdyf[t lf f[kf smdtyc udthlbs dfh8 fv,frj cbvjybxbueiby fm b.j7 dbyw vjb[bkf7 rfhufl f[cjdc7 hjujh vfmj8 xtvb fhmt,f fhitb’kt,f7 wtw[kbdbs dfh8 fqvfcrjvib ufrdbhdt,ekt,b fhbfy7 tc dby vjudb-dblf7 vfubc ewjlbyfhb fhfathb fhbcj7 ewt, hf otchbub lf ibib itvjbnf-yfj7 hf vfufhb sfs,bhb xffnfhfj7 sfdb hjujh ezbhfdc7 thsb fh ufbwb-yt,cj8 tc .dtkfathb vfsb vjyf.jkbf7 [jv bwbs7 xtvb [fk[b .dtkufy v.fdc7tu rb fhf7 sfs,bhb hjv xfdfnfht7 vtjht lqtc thsvfytsbc xevhfl itvj-lbjlyty sfyfvihjvkt,b lf cek xtvc mt,fib b.dyty7 tc hf rfwb vjudtdkb-yt7 fcts hfvtc fh vjdcoht,bdfhs7 gbhlfgbh uflfdbhbtsj8 vt7 [jv bwbs7bct db]tm7 dbsjv tc fkgfhfrb vt fh vt[t,jlf8 f,f7 vfi hjujhb eylf db.j-vtsmb7 c[dfsf ijhbc xfehsfdlb [jkvt9 bcbyb rb vfmt,lyty lf vfmt,lyty8f[kf bm fhbfy pju-pjut,b7 [jv bwbs7 vt bvfs vjdedkb8 fv,frj cbvjybxbvte,yt,f7 vblbj8 vlbdfyb v.fdc ,t,thb7 rbltd fhbc thsb vfst7 udfhc fhdbn.db7 xtvb vjflubktf7 vjflubkt hfl vbylf7 dbn.db lf rbltw ufrtslt,f7rfhufl dth vbwyj,s7 sjhtv ufubrdbhlt,jlfs7 tc dby fhbcj7 smdty rb fhf7[fylf[fy vtw rb vbrdbhc7 hf cfcofekb rfwb dfh=

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2 zfkfib rjktmnbdbc cfmjytkc hf eylf7 cfcohfajl ufvjdf.htdbyt,7cflfw eylfs bm ofb.dfyjy= 2 v[fhb lfezbhf vbnhjv8

2 rbltd thsb cfrbs[bf7 dbsjv fkfpfyb uflvjdfhlf lf [tt,b uff[vj7[tt,c ufdxt[fds jhb-cfvb okbc ufyvfdkj,fib cfpfvshjc dth ufvjdktds9n.bc vbofpt cfew[jj vjcfdfkc b’ktdf8

2 tufw rfhubf7 fvj’bhrdts= 2 lftsfy[vf vbnhj82 vt xtvc ptvlujvib cfrbs[c lfdf.tyt,7 smdtyb othbkb bmyt,f cfzbhj82 othbkb vjfvpflts7 vt [tkc vfibdyt vjdfoth82 lbvbnhb ubjtdbx7 n.bc ufrfadbc utuvf vfmdc7 itif eylf lfdfvpfljs8

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2 &fkbfy zrdbfyehfl vjubabmht,bfs7 .jxfq= itifpt [vfc fhfdbc fvjdf-qt,byt,7 f,f uf,tljc vfu vfstv lf e,fnjyjl [vf ufuwtc7 zhfmbdbs ufdfmhj,=

2 &fkbfy rfhub ,bzt,b dbijdt7 oe[tk gehvfhbkpt hjv b.j7 zfh[fkfmehlbf7 bvbcb ibibs n.tib hfw [lt,f [vfc dthfdby fvjbqt,c7 se dbyvtvvfbyw uf,tlf7 bcts lqtib xffult,c7 cek sfd,tlc fo.tdkbyt,c7 se ufzbhlf7rfwc bct vjrkfdc7 sdfkc fh lff[fv[fvt,c8 &vfrfwt,bw rfhub /.dc v;fdt aj-ht lf htnbfyb ybrj7 bvfsb ibibs tyfc .dtkf vewtkib xfbult,c7 2 pfkfv[vfc lfeobf7 2 smdty &fkbfy lbl gfnbdc uwtvty7 gtnjcsfy [jv gbhlfgbh&vt,bdbs fhbfy7 se lfuzbhlf7 smdtyb uekbcsdbc rfwc vjrkfdty lf bctuffmhj,ty rdfkc fh lfnjdt,ty=

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lbhtmnjhb7 gtlfujut,bc ufwyj,bc itvltu jsf[t,bc lfcfsdfkbtht,kflufe’qdf8 vbnhjv ths vidtybth vfcofdkt,tkc sdfkb dth vjco.dbnf7 bcbwufvjvodtdfl eqbvjlf8 vbnhjv ufwyj,bc lhjc vbcb [tkb lbl[fyc fh ufeidf8f[kfw .ehib s,bkfl eqbnbyt,lf vbcb hfqfw ufycfresht,ekb cbyfpbs lfdyt,bc fvq’dhtkb cffvj yfsmdfvb5 2 fvfkbf bfidbkb7 mbvbbc vfcofdkt,tkb7&fkbfy cfcbfvjdyjf7 ,fnjyj fqvfcrjvbc sfdv]ljvfhtd7 hjv xdtysfy vj,h-’fylbs= mfkc [tkbc ufidt,f fh ewlbf7 sbsmjc eyljlf7 hjv vbnhjc lbl-[fyc czthjlf9 sdfkt,ib e.eht,lf lf tivfrehb qbvbkbs esfvfit,lf8

vbnhj ntmybrevbc lbhtmnjhc ,hvfcfdbs lf/.dt,jlf lf vbc vjs[jdyf-pt sfdc bycnbymnehfl emytdlf7 abmht,bs rb fvfkbfcsfy b.j7 hjvtkbwths[fyc vfs uf/.df7 vfuhfv lbhtmnjhvf sfdfpbfyfl lfbs[jdf8 df[7 hfmfkbf7 rfwj= vbnhj sfdbc sfdc tcfe,ht,jlf7 2 cfl b.j tu lfkjwdbkbsfdbc lhjpt7 vt hjv ,tlb vmjyjlf7 abmhbfc uflft.ht,jlb lf tu vidtybt-

405

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2 vskfl ye vbudfnjdt,s7 ,fnjyj sfdv]ljvfhtd= 2 smdf [tkbc xfvjhsvt-dbcfc lf dyt,bfyfl ufeqbvf8

2 dtwlt,b7 &fkbfy dfh lfndbhsekb7 se hfbvt lfuzbhltc 2 ufvjvbfht7ityb cnevhj,f &fkbfy ufvb[fhlt,f7 2 cfmvbfyb rfwbc njybs es[hf vbnhjvlf lbhtmnjhbc sfy[kt,bs ityj,blfy ufdblf8

hfvltybvt lqt vjcdtyt,f fqfh /mjylf7 sdfkoby cek fvfkbf bfidbkbtluf7 vfcsfy lfrfdibht,f dthfahbs vjf[th[f9 ]fdhb vlbdfy fybrjpt b.f-hf5 2 hfnjv fuht lflb[fh7 mfkj7 hjv fhfathb ufutut,f= 2 lbkbsdt fe.-dbhlf7 hjujhw rb ufptst,b itenfyf7 2 it j[thj7 ufptst,b hjv vjufmdc fvlbkfj,bs ecfmvehb uujybdfh0= 2 vbnhjv [tkb vfublfcrty ufbidbhf7 cf-lfw mfqklt,bc vstkb lfcnf to.j8 tc ptvlujvb jhufyjt,bc lflutybkt,t-,b b.j7 vbcb ofrbs[df zbhbdbs t]fdht,jlf7 2 [tlfd7 fvfc ofrbs[df fheylf0= f[kf c[df fsfcb cfmvt vfmdc7 ity vfufc hjujh vb,tlfd0= ofbqt lfvjflubktc vbenfyt7 lffyt,t veifj,fc sfdb7 hjwf fvlty [fyib dth bcofd-kt7 hf eylf frtsj= [dfkblfy fm fqfh uyf[j= 2 vbnhjv [tkt,b /fthibuffcfdcfdf7 vfuhfv fybrjc sdfkt,ib bctsb hbc[df fvjbrbs[f7 [vbc fvjqt,fdtqfh uf,tlf8

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vfufs ce.dtkfc vjdbwbkt,8 fb7 2 vbnhjv e]hblfy uh’tkb cbf fvjbqj8 2fvfs fqvfcrjvbc sfd]ljvfhtj,f eylfs7 ltlfc denbht,8 veirfpt v.dfyfyerdt8 thsc fh ufdf[fht,7 dbyw xtvb crfvbcrty b.eht,f= tu vfst lf pjcbvtitsfy[vt,ekb fhbfy7 vfst /gbhlt,f7 sdbsjy hjv sfdv]ljvfht uf[lt,f7pjcbvtc vjflubktl lfybiyfdc9 vlbdfyb dfcjw rfhub vtkbff7 fv,frj cbvj-ybxvfw bwbc tc= bv mfkc vfufssfy hfqf eyljlf0 tn.j,f7 crjkbc lbhtmnj-hj,f eylf7 tn.j,f rb fhf7 tuhtf7 vfst /gbhlt,f7 jqjyl v[fhb lfvbzbhtlf crjkbc lbhtmnjhfl ufu[lbj7 sfyfw erehreht,c rbltw7 erdt hfvltyb-vt]th lfdbyf[t fm8 vfbwfljy7 vfufs .dtkfc vt vjdedkb= dbyw dfh7 vfktufvbwyj,ty7 ofdblyty7 brbs[jy dby fhbc lbvbnhb ubjtdbxb= sfdbc ufesfdt-,tk mflfut,fc lfo.t,fc fgbht,lf7 hjv pffkb e,jlbit,kfl fluf7 2 vtofdfk7 cfmvtc vbd[tlfd7 tu wjabfyb hjujhvt uffxthts7 vfufpt &fkbfy fhf-dbcb vtibybf7 c[dfc hfvtyfbhfl vjtdkt,f8

2 vfufc vt vjdedkb7 butsb ,bzt,b v.fdc7 se fh ufxthlt,f7 ths lqtibuffmhj,ty= 2 vbnjv ofbnhf,f[f8

2 pffkb ufdblf82 tu tktyt hf cektkb mfkb xfyc7 bct rb hf vidtybthbf7 vfubcb vcufdcb

411

hfbjyib fh lflbc8 hf eylf vjflubkt vfstcsfy7 vstkb hfbjybc vtat lfqvthsb njkb rfwb dfh= fhf7 vb[dlt,f vfufc lf vfkt xtvb uf[lt,f8 [dfkb-lfydt dtwlt,b dfuh’yj,byj7 hjv vb.dfhc8 bv bynhbufy pjcbvtc rb hfbvtcvje[th[t, lf gbhdtk hbuib ufdfult,= 2 vbnhj [vfvfqkf abmhj,lf lfvjvfdkbc utuvt,c fo.j,lf888

[esb lqt ufdblf7 hfw vbnhjv pjcbvtc vj[cyf uekib xfblj8 fv,frjcfwvjf[ctyf7 hjv bynhbufybf lf vfstcsfy thsfl utuvt,c fo.j,c7 hjujh vju-dbwbkjyj8 fv,frjc hbc[dfc cfpqdfhb fhf /mjylf8

2 vje’t,yts hfbvt lf cfcohfajl uffults= 2 e,h’fyf vbnhjc8vfcfw tc eyljlf8 cfblevkjl lfb,fhf hj,thn rfrfkfidbkb lf lffdf-

kf pjcbvt uj’bfidbkpt vfcfkt,b vjvbvpflt7 eylf ufdfuljj8vt[est lqtc lbkbs hj,thnbv f[fhf5 2 lbvbnhb ubjtdbx7 ueiby pjcbvtv

cf,zjc tpjib stkf vjzhf7 vstkb cjatkb bvbc xhlbkib7 hjv tafht,jlf82 tu hf xfeltybf7 vfu vfvf’fqkc= 2 vbnhj f.dbhlf8 2 cfcohfajl ufvj-

b’f[ts fqvfcrjvbc otdht,b7 ths cffsib c[ljvf eylf xfdfnfhjs= cfvfuf-kbsjl lfdc]b7 cfvfufkbsjl= yf[jc [bc vjzhf hjujhbf7 hjvkbc mdtivstkb cjatkb bcdtyt,lf=

fn.lf ntktajyt,bc htrdf lf fqvfcrjvbc c[ljvbc xfcfnfht,kfl [fk[bitb.fhf8

2 hf cfrbs[c db[bkfds0 2 vfstc pjubthsvf fqvfcrjvbc otdhvf /rbs[f82 ofhvjlutyf fhf vfmdc7 2 vfstv v[ht,b fbxtxf9 cfmvbc rehcib fhw

c[dt,b b.dyty82 pjcbvtw ufvjb’f[tc7 bcfw fqvfcrjvbc sfyfvihjvtksf udthlbs b]lf7

fhw bvfy bwjlf ufvj’f[t,bc vbptpb8.dtkfyb flubkpt dfhs7 hj,thn rfrfkfidbkvf vbnhjc vjf[ctyf8vbnhjv .ehvbkb fbqj82 fv,frj cbvjybx erdt vpfl dfhs= 2 lfdbo.js0 smdtyb fphb erdt wyj-

,bkbf7 vj[cybc vjv[ht [fhs7 2 vbnhjv .ehvbkb lflj lf gbhlfgbh cfmvtciteluf8 2 ghjtmnb ofbrbs[t= 2 e,h’fyf hj,thnc8

vfyfw lfbo.j5 2 lflutybkbf7 hjv pjcbvt uj’bfidbkvf stkf vjzhf7hjvkbc xhlbkib vstkb cjatkb bcdtyt,lf8 bvbc vfubth7 hjv xdtyb ,eyt-,bc f.dfdt,fc [tkb iteo.jc7 gbhbmbs7 vstkb cjakbc cbfvf.t vjzhf7 2hj,thnbv ofvjfkfuf ,hfklt,t,b8

2 hfj7 hfj= hf [t vjdzthb= ubyf[fds hjlbcvt0 tpjc res[tib bluf7 fvpfa[ekc uf[vf7 vjdzth lf eat[t,j vf[fhtc ufdfnfyt7 hf vtmyf7 itif fhvjvtwbs lf888

2 ity lf]tmb= 2 f.dbhlf vbnhj7 2 xtvb fphbf7 vjb[cyfc fv[fyfub cjakbccf,zjc sfdv]ljvfhtj,blfy7 fv,frj cbvjybxbw vj[cybc vjv[htf7 fv oesfcdtkfgfhfrt= c[df fphb [jv fh fhbc0 fhf8 sfdbceafkb [fh7 2 eshf pjcbvtc8

2 ity bc [t yf[t0 2 vfst vjekjlytkfl ittrbs[f hj,thnc82 fhf82 f,f7 hf bwb7 hjv vstkb cjatkb fafht,lf sfdc= ofcekb.fd7 itutvjo-

vt,byf7 vfu itsbs[ybkb ghjtmnbc ufvjnfyfc bc fh c]j,lf0 cjatkb hjvufbut,c7 hfpt vj[cytc pjcbvtj7 [fk[b [jv cbwbkbs ufbuelf8

2 ity uflb= 2 vbnhjv pjcbvtc e,h’fyf8pjcbvt ufdblf8

412

2 tc ghjtmnb bvltyfl ececehb lf j,tbmnehj,fc vjrkt,ekbf7 dibij,7sdbsjy rfrfkfidbkb fh ufudb[ltc lfcfc]tkb7 2 smdf vfstv8

2 hfnjv fhbc ececehfl itlutybkb0= 2 vbnhjv ie,kb itbrhf82 bvbnjv7 hjv stkf tpjc ,jkjib hjv bluf7 uf[vf lf lblb [ybc vjcfz-

htkb b.j8 pjcbvtv itif eat[t,j7 egfnhjyj vf[fhtc ufeupfdyf7 hflufy cfn.t-jc eahjcbc vjflubkt pffk zbqbnfidbkvf vstkb hfbjybc resdybkb itifflhtdt uf.blf lf bvltybw fqfh lfnjdf7 hjv ,fdidt,b lf bydfkblt,b ufu-dts,j8 f[kf b’ekt,ekb dfhs7 fsfc flubkfc dbvfs[jdhjs7 hjv crjkt,blf cf,fdidj ,fqt,b ufdfs,js8 fvbnjv obyflflt,f itvjvfmdc7 hj,thn rfrf-kfidbkc ececehb lf wbkbcvofvt,kehb ghjtmnbc ufvjnfybcfsdbc vbtwtccf.dtlehb8 itbmvyfc rjvbcbf cfn.tjc cfmvbfyj,bc itcfcofdkfl7 vfyfvlt ufy-sfdbceakltc pffk zbqbnfidbkb lf cfcohfajl lf,heyltc cfvcf[ehib cfn.t-jc lbhtmnjhb7 hjvtkbw gfnbjcfyb veifj,bcsdbc fh vjcojys8

2 hfnjv ezths7 fv[fyfuj7 lfvyfifdt uj’bfidbkc v[fhc0= 2 vbnhj uf-vjvodtdfl ittrbs[f8

2 uj’bfidbkb lfvyfifdt rb fhf7 gfnbjcfyb veifrbf7 v[fhcfw bvbnjv de-zth8 vfuhfv vt vbylf7 fm lfdcdf itrbs[df7 dby ezthc v[fhc lfvyfifdtc7 hj-vtkvfw vstkb hfbjybc ajylb uf.blf8 ity utrbs[t,b7 lqtvlt hfnjv fhdbwjlbs7 hjv hfbjybc cfn.tjc eylf vjdtvfhfut,byts itibs7 hjwf othb-kb erdt [esb sdtf fqvfcrjvib byf[t,f0= 2 vfst ,tdhc bsvtylf7 vfuhfvf[kf erdt fdct,jlf vjsvbyt,bc abfkf8

2 .dtkfathc fv,frj cbvjybxc vjdf[ctyt,7 fvfc tuht fh lfdnjdt,= 2vbnhj f.dbhlf8

2 fmfvlt eylf vjut[ctyt,byf7 hjv fqvfcrjvbc hjvtkbqfw veifrbc egf-ce[bcvut,kj,bs7 fylf bmyt, eahj c[df vbptpbs7 lqtc xdtyc vjpfhl sfj-,fc cwbdf7 2 vfstc [vf pfhbdbs htrlf lf .dtkf vcvtytkib vjyeh vjhxbkt-,fc fmhj,lf7 itvfhst,fc lf ghbywbgekj,fc fqdbdt,lf8

2 fvfc tuht fh lfdnjdt,= 2 lfbvemhf vbnhj lf rf,bytnblfy ufdfhlf82 fvfc fct7 dbyvtc uekbs hjv eyljltc8 [fk[b fh lfnjdt,c8 gfce[c

vjbs[jdc= 2 smdf vfstv lf ufhts ufdblf8vjcfwltk jsf[ib [fk[b it]ueat,ekb.j82 hf vj[lf7 ity vfbyw dth vtn.db0 2 pjcbvt vfstc ittrbs[f82 dthfathb ufvbubf7 vtxdtyt,f7 hjv cfcofekt,hbdb euyehj,f lfudtea-

kf7 vfuhfv dth fvjvb[cybf7 fct hfnjv [lt,f= 2 egfce[f vfstv888vbnhjv fvfkbfcsfy ehsbthsj,f rfhufl ffo.j7 hjwf it[dtlhf eylj-

lf7 sdbsjy fvfkbf b,fht,lf8 vfuhfv fv ,jkj lhjc fvfkbf fqfh frvf.j-abkt,lf7 f[kf tktyt [tkfidbkpt j[hfdlf8 yfhubpf rb gthcgtmnbfib /.fd-lf lf bvtlb /mjylf7 hjv ,jkjc sfdbcfc vbfqotdlf8 f[kf rb tktytc ceh-dbkb fh fcdtyt,lf8

2 yfvldbkfl vfstcsfy fmdc cfmvt7 hf fqvfcrjvbc sfdv]ljvfht dfh7hjv fh df]j,j8 hjujhw vjvtync dyf[fd7 fewbkt,kfl dtn.db lf lfvsfy[-vlt,f8 cfl vt lf cfl vjflubkt7 vfkt vfblfyfw ufdfult,7 2 [vfvfqkf abm-hj,lf vbnhj lf tktyt erdt sfdbcb tujyf8

ths[tk vjcfwltkib hjv itdblf7 tktyt [tkfidbkb bm lf[dlf82 fm hfc frtst,0 2 vbnhjv vjzfh,t,ekb .ehflqt,bs /rbs[f82 vfstc dtkjlt,b7 2 vbbqj gfce[b8

413

2 bctsb hf cfmvtf7 vt hjv ufvbzbhltc ufrtst,f8 f,f7 vjlb xtvsfy= 2vbnhjv [tkb vj/rblf lf rf,byntib sbsmvbc &fkbs itb.dfyf8

hjujhw rfht,b vb[ehf7 vbnhjv [tkb v[fhpt uflfcljlf7 vrthlpt vbbr-hf7 2 j[7 hf rfhub [fh= abmhbf eylf uffulj lf wjkfl ity ofvjub.dfyj= 2.ehib xcxehxekf lf cfrjwytkfl vbbobf8

tktyt gfnbjcfyb lf sfdfpbfyb mfkb sfdbc vteqktcsfy thsfl j]f[bccb.dfhekbs lf cfmvbc thsuekt,bs hfbjyib cfvfufkbsj b.j8

vbnhjc [tkb e,b’uf lf vjbijhf82 hjujh utrflht,fs7 ,fnjyj lbvbnhb7 smdtyc vlujvfhtj,fc fctsb

vce,emb cfmwbtkb ufyf ittatht,f0= 2 es[hf efqhtcfl ufrdbhdt,ekvf82 vfstpt yfrkt,b hbsf dfh7 bvfcsfy se itb’kt,f7 xtvsfy hfnjv fh

eylf itb’kt,jltc7 vt eahj sfdv]ljvfht fhf dfh= 2 vbnhjv sfdbcb vjm-vtlt,f uffvfhskf8

2 hfc ,h’fyt,s7 ,fnjyj= 2 mfkb fbktof7 2 crjkf itibc ufhtit lfudb-njdtc8 fvfc obyfs cfn.tjlfy wfhbtkb vfymfyt,b lfudb,heytc7 vfstv cfvit-yt,kj jhufybpfwbt,blfy xfvjothbkb vfcfkf vjudb[th[f7 f[kfw bvfpt vj-dtlb7 bmyt, rbltd udbijdjc lf tc lfnfy]ekb pfvsfhb ufdf fk,fs8

2 vt ubijdyb .dtkfathc7 xtvj cbwjw[ktd= 2 vbnhj ewt, vjt[dbf lfrjwyf lfegbhf8

mfkb lfb,yf8 vjekjlytkj,bcfufy ufihf7 vbcvf vjrh’fkt,ekvf [fcb-fsvf fvudfhb sfd[tlj,f dthfahbs dth ofhvjblubyf8 ,jkjc ,hfpb lfcb’ekdbkb ths,fifl vjt’fkf8

2 fv flubkpt dby lfuybiyf7 it gbhen.dj7 ovbylbc lf gfnbjcybc ituyt,fhjv of,bkpt= 2 bctsb &kbthb cbkf uffoyf7 [vf ufhts ufdblf9 vbnhjcsdfkt,vf yfgthofrkt,b lffrdtcf7 2 gbhen.dj= ity flfvbfyt,sfy hf ubylf7sfdblfy at[t,fvlt nfkf[ib [fh ufcdhbkb= ,by’ehj= 2 lf,ytek vbnhjcvfqfkb [vbs es[hf lf rf,bytnblfy cfcohfajl ufdblf8

2 hf [vfehb b.j0 2 /rbs[f yfhubpfv8tktytv gfce[b fh ufcwf82 vfst hjv vjdbltc7 uflftwb7 itif ufudbsfdlf7 bmyt, rbltd vjf[th[jc

xfvjothbkb vfcfkbc ufvj.jaf7 2 es[hf yfhubpfc lf bmfehj,fc vjcwbklf8vfst ths cffsib vjdblf8yfhubpfv vfibydt vjf[ctyf5 2 tktyt [tkfidbkb b.j7 utkjlt,jlfs7 seh-

vt crjkfib itif esfdlt,fs7 us[jdfs7 bmyt, lfudt[vfhjcj8 sfdv]ljvf-htv rf,bytnib itb.dfyf7 hfqfw fo.tybyf7 bctsb [vf ufvjlbjlf7 yfvldbkflbx[e,tc7 2 yfhubpfv [vflf,kf lfevfnf8

2 hf bwb7 hjv bx[e,tc0 fy hf [vf ufbujyt0 2 vfstv eylj,kfl /rbs[f82 firfhfl ufdbujyt cf[tib cbkfmbc ufhn.vbc [vf7 sfyfw gbhen.djj7

tktyt e.dbhjlf82 bmyt, c[df hfv [vfehb b.j82 ibu hjv itdtlb vfhw[tyf kj.f fobskt,ekb /mjylf lf ptl cdtk

w[dbhcf[jwc blt,lf82 .ehbc ult,f rfhub cfmvt fh fhbc7 hfw vj[lf fhcfl fh smdf7 lft

sdbsjy tktytv uflfo.dbnjc7 hjujh vjbmwtc9 gfnbjcfyb mfkbf lf itb’-kt,f fsfcb relb ufvjf,fy7 2 lffhbuf vfstv8

2 vt kfgfhfrb cfthsjl fh vb.dfhc7 vfuhfv smdtysfy itb’kt,f smvf7

414

dbwb7 hjv rtsbkb [fhs lf cojhfl ufvbut,s7 welb fhfdbcsdbc fh ubylfs72 yfhubpf wjnf [fyc ufxevlf7 vtht lf,fkb [vbs lfevfnf5 2 vfst7 ahs[b-kfl b.fd7 &fkbfy utvemht,bfy7 smdty vfhsfkb cbn.df ub.dfhs lf ,tdhbfvbc ufvj uekib vnhj,fc byf[fdc9 hfbvt vf[t fh lfubujy= 2 yfhubpf uekbcrfhyf[bs kfgfhfrj,lf8

vfstc uftqbvf82 ye oe[lt,b7 yfhubpf7 lfhoveyt,ekb b.fd7 hjv fm vf[tc fhfdby fhfdbc

eut,c8 rhbnbrf rb fewbkt,tkbf lf cekfw fh ybiyfdc bvfc7 hjv flfvbfyt,bthsvfytsbc vnht,b fhbfy8

yfhubpf ufdblf8jsf[ib fqvfcrjvbc vlbdfyb dfcj itdblf7 [tkib mfqfklt,bc lblb lfc-

nf tzbhf82 [tlfd fvfc0 2 dfcjv mfqfklt,b fxdtyf82 hf fhbc02 ctcbbc vj[ctyt,ff7 erdt vtcfvt rdbhff lffvoybkf7 eylf ofdbrbs[j7

bct [jv fh itb&kt,f xtvb fpht,b fh itdbnfyj lf fh xfdfcojhjj7 uflfi-kbkb fhf fmdc7 fb7 2 dfcjv vj[ctyt,f vfublfpt lflj lf aehwdkf lfeo.j72 cgtwbfkehfl lfdfot,t7 bctd bctf7 [tkb fh e[kbf8 f[kf lfvb,fhf lfvbs[hf5 2 vt dyf[t7 ufdfcojht8 ,tdhb f[fkb fphb xfdevfnt lf sfdblfylfdf,tzldbytj8 n.ebkc bct fv,j,c7 fhw rb cw[dtybf8 vstkb vj[ctyt,f xtvblfothbkbf7 hf eylf xfevfnjc7 hjv dth ufdbuj7 f/f7 cfthsjl fh uflfei-kbf= 2 dfcjv vj[ctyt,f jhbdt [tkib fbqj lf vfstc ufeojlf8

2 vt hfl vbylf7 tu bvfc es[fh7 2 lffhbuf vfstv82 rfwb hjv b.jc dtn.jlb7 dtn.jlb rb fhf7 vfuhfl itdf[eht,lb7 vfuhfv

fhfrfwc hf de.j7 bvbc vfubth hjv vflkj,f vbs[hfc7 vnhfl ufvb[lt,f lfbcts wbkc lfvofvt,c7 pjcbvtc [t bvfcsfy vjujybkb b.jc7 2 vj[ctyt,f fbqjlf aehwdkf lfeo.j7 pjufy [esb aehwtkb thsfl b.j uflf,vekb8

2 cb,thtib tivfrj,fw bcofdkt0 2 vfstc uftwbyf8 2 tc hfv vjufabmht,byf82 vn.efyc vn.efybc rfhfvltj7 [jv ufubujybf7 2 dfcjv cbwbkbsdt egfce[f8jsf[ib hj,thn rfrfkfidbkb itvjdblf82 pjcbvtc [bc fdnjhc ufevfh]jc= 2 dfcj v[bfhekfl7 [tkbc fotdbs

vbtcfkvf82 ityw thsb7 hf xtvb ,hfkbf7 lfvfdfktc lf dsmdb7 f,f hf vtmyf0= itibc

f[fkb ufyfobkt,f vjdbnfyt7 vfst7 2 es[hf lf mfqfklb vbfojlf8vfstv xffsdfkbthf7 vtht erfydt lfe,heyf82 f[kf lbvbnhbc itenbf7 yf[jc5 .dtkf uffahs[bkt7 lhjpt ufbnfyjy82 hfvltyb pjcbvtc [bc vcufdcb cfmvbc itsbs[yf vjubotdc7 it e,tlehj7

[jv fhf uujybf7 hjv vbnhjc vfubth lflt,ekvf htpjkewbt,vf ubidtkjc=2 lfcwbyf dfcjv8 2 tc htpjkewbfc flt,c7 bc rbltd [tkc fothc7 vtht hfcfothty ufrdbhlt,b7 hfvltybvt fvjhxtekb vfmdc7 vfst eylf ofufrbs[j8 jhb-dtc thsfl thsb hdf rkfclfvsfdht,ekb vjcofdkbc ndbybw fhf fmds8 of-lb7 se ubylf7 vbenfyt fv,fdb=

2 hjlbc b.j7 vt fv,fdb vbvmjylf7 sdbsjy lfvfdfkf lf hf vtmyf= 2hj,thnbv sfdb bvfhskf8

2 vtht7 it velhtuj7 reknehbc cf[kt,bc veifj,fpt cfrbs[c ufyfskt-,fc hjv foth7 ufyfskt,bcfc rbltd ,fyrc7 ]fyvhstkj,bc lfwdbcfc vbkbwb-

415

fc7 vsdhfkb vfbyw ye rbs[ekj,8 bc ,tljdksb rbltd sdfk[ezekf fothc[tkc tc vt dbwb7 hfc jby,fpj,s7 c[df [jv fvfc dth ufbut,c8

2 hfvltyb okbcf [fh7 hj,thn ,fnjyj0 2 /rbs[f vfstv82 erdt jhvjwlfsjs[vtnbcf d[dlt,b82 rfb dbhbf7 fvjltyf mdf fqfh lfujhfdc7 ndbyb rb888 2 dfcj xfabmhlf8 2

tn.j,f dbhbc [tkfw fhf fmdc82 ity hf uujybf7 dbhc gfnfhf ndbyb fmdc0 2 lfbwdf dbhbc ndbybc ghtcnb-

;b hj,thnbv82 itysdbc tufw lblbf7 2 lffvflkf dfcjv82 hf ubylf7 dfcj7 vstkb w[jdht,f thsfl ufudbnfht,bf7 ,tdhb7 ,tdhb7

idblb okbs [fh xtvpt eahjcb7 ity[tkf hjv ufd[lt,b7 vtw ,tdhb vtwjlbyt,f8hjujh rfhufl db.fdbs8 fv ,jkjc lhjc cek vkfy&qfd7 &vj,fpt fbqt [tkb0=

2 fqe7 ytrpt fh vbr,byj= gfnfhff7 ufbphlt,f lf ,tdhb twjlbyt,f8 ,bzj7bvltyb hjujh fh eylf bwjlt7 hjv pjcbvtc [bs vb.tyt,ek cbhw[dbkccbrdlbkbw dth vju,fyc8 vtht hf7 hjv lqtc lflutybkt,t,c fhfktufke-hfl flt, endbyj htpjkewbt,c7 lqtvlt hfw yfvecbfyfl ubdkbf7 cek ptlvbfaehs[t= 2 fh lfbylj dfcjv8

2 rfhub7 se tuhtf7 ity hfnjv fh fbvfqkt [vf7 hfnjv vfstcfdbs fhlfbwfdb pjcbvtw lf cbvfhsktw8 gbhc erfy hjv uh&tkb tyf ufmdc7 bm hfsxfubdfhlt,f [jkvt0= 2 hj,thnb itntdfpt uflfdblf8

2 cfl xfvbdfhlf02 cfl lf c[ljvfpt8 vjrktl7 ufxevlb7 vfstv hjv smdfc7 vtcvbc7 fvfc

sfdb fmdc uflflt,ekb9 vtw7 itywf lf c[dfw xhlbkc dtafht,bs7 cfbsfw &fkfcduh&yj,s7 bvbc cfcfhut,kjl dveifj,s7 gbhc erfy .,tlj,f rb c[df fhfat-hbf7 se fhf cfresfhb sfdbcsdbc gfce[bcvut,kj,bc vj[cybc wlf9 sjhtpjcbvtc [bc cfrbs[ib xtvpt yfrkt,b lfyfifekb ity fh vbub&qdbc= 2 hj,th-nbv idt,f buh&yj8

2 hf ubylf xtvufy7 hfc vjbs[jd7 ubylf hjv tc cfgtycbj fcfrc vbqotekbrfwb7 vfufs .,fib xfvfulj0= 2 dfcjv sfdb bvfhskf8

2 /jlf7 ufxevlb7 brbcht7 hjv xdty .dtkf cfresfh n.fdc deahs[bklt-,bs7 vfstc n.fdbc a[htof cbyfyekc ududhbc8 vfuhfv rvf.jabkt,b vfbywbvbs dfhs7 hjv xdtyb vstkb hxt,f7 eahj vtnbw7 itb&kt,f fvbc yfhxtybc[fh]pt kervf xdtyw itud[dltc8 vfufkbsfl7 se vfstc vjbijht,ty7 vt fyxtvb vcufdcb c[df ew[dbhgbhj lf]lt,f vbc flubkpt7 f,f7 vbs[fh7 hfibdn.ebdfhs0 2 hj,thnbv uekf[lbkfl bkfgfhfrf8

2 vskfl dbhbc ndbyb fhf umjybf7 hjwf tuht cfqfl fphjdyt,= 2 dfcjvmfqfklt,b vjrhbaf lf ufdblf8

2 itif thsb qthbw fh lfbrfhut,f7 vfst= 2 smdf hj,thnbv lf dfcjc uf/.df8

mehlt,b lf ofvmtpt,kt,b

KFKB bctd v&bvtl fdfl uf[lf8 yfqdkbc ,einbc vodfdt itntdt,b lfto.j9s,bkbcib uflfb.dfytc8 vfstv jhb rdbhbs idt,ekt,f fbqj lf kfkbc fhvjcwbkt,bf9 se itntdt,b fh vjt[cyt,jlf7 jgthfwbbc ufrtst,fc fgbht,lyty8

vfstc idt,ekt,f lfevsfdhlf8 kfkbc hfvltybvt lqbs ufvjts[jdf7 cf[-kib xfvjdblf7 ,fdidt,b lf ltlf s,bkbcib uffupfdyf8 cfvb lqbc itvltu

416

wjk-idbkc s,bkbcib xffrbs[f8 kfkb erdt rfhufl b.j8 tmbvt,b itgbhlyty7ths rdbhfib ufvjdothsj8 vfst uf[fht,ekb lf,heylf8 lbkbs cfvcf[ehibufvjw[fllf8 ieflqbcfc rb cf[kib fdblf8 jsf[t,b fhtekb lf[dlf8 lfsdf-kbtht,f lfbo.j8 dbqfwfc ufyut, fthbf bmfehj,f8 thsb jsf[bc rfht,bcvbyf uftnt[fs7 bmdt xfvjvndhtekb zthbc abwht,b t.fhf8 dbqfwfc bv qfvbsvbcb cf[kb uftnt[f8 hf eylf oftqjs7 vfstc cf[fh,btkj hf /mjylf7 vfuhfvjsf[ib itcekb v&fhwdtkb vfbyw uekc lfco.dtnc7 hfw ubylf ofbqjc7 sf-yfw se sfdbcb jakbs fmdc it&tybkb8

vfstv vbkbwbfc fwyj,f8 vfstc gb]frt,b7 gthfyut,b7 vteqkbc lf ,fdidt-,bc cfwvtkt,b lf hfvltybvt ptofhb frklf8

2 ths rdbhfib lfdbzths mehlc= 2 ufyfw[fltc vbkbwbblfy8 vfstv .dt-kfathb bqjyf7 kfkbc hjv fh uftuj7 vfuhfv itrtst,ekb zthbc rdfkbvfbyw lfhxf9 sfyfw fhfvrbs[t uekitvfnrbdht,vf .dtkfathb fvwytc8

w[jdht,f vfkt xfluf rfkfgjnib8 kfkbw itlfht,bs erts b.j7 sevwflhj lf lhj fyjybvehb vhtrfdt,b itf[ctyt,lyty [jkvt sfdc888

gtnjv rb fv lhjc vstkb sfdbcb itvjmvtlt,bsb itcf&kt,kj,t,b n.tibvjqdfotj,fc vbe&qdyf7 sevwf sdbsjy bm bidbfsfl w[fllt,jlf8 vybidyt-kjdfyb hfjltyj,bs /.fdlf qjhb lf &hj[f zfkfib ufidt,ekb7 f[kf cf-pfvshjc ,fqcfw fvpflt,lyty8 gtnj ths-thsb &bhsbflb gfhnybjhb b.jn.tib lfvrdblht,ek cfmvbfyj,bcf8 3v;fdt4 ajht lf 3htnbfyb4 ybrj fl-ubkpt vstk cfmvtc ufyfut,lyty8 3zfh[fkf4 hj,f rb flubkptw b.j lf cfuf-htj cfmvtt,cfw fudfht,lf7 se dbyvt fe[bhlt,jlfs7 eylf lftvey]t,byf8mehlb zfh[fkfcbfj zfkfib ufidt,ek qjhpt lf &hj[fpt hjv bn.jlyty7.dtkf thblt,jlf7 gtnj rb vsfdhj,fcsfy b.j iefvfdkfl8

,byllt,jlf8 zfkfib ufikbk ceahfcsfy gtnj7 zfh[fkf7 v;fdt7 ajhtlf htnbfyb ybrj bc[lyty7 cfzvtkc ittmwtjlyty lf cfmvbfyfl cfe,hj,lyty8

2 ,bzj7 [j[,bc ,eltib w[jdhj,s lf jh [j[j,pt vtnb dth vjbnfytsceahfpt0= stdpbw bvltybf7 sbsmjc cfvfs[jdhjl .jabkfyj7 2 gtnjv geh-vfhbkb lfboeyf8

2 welfl fhbc cfmvt7 gtnj7 ij,tk&fqkb tuthb ud.fdc itvjxtybkb7 cb-wjw[kt ufudbvofhf7 lbyfvbnc dbqf xbdbc7 fkfpfyib hfw jx[b udmjylf7 cekvjudbifkf8 [j[,bc [jwdfc fh dbikblbs7 ,jkjc sjat,b jhbdtc ofudfhs-df7 sfy udbs[hf7 se ths[tkfw vjufnfyts7 hjv [j[j,b vjubrkfds7 fkf-pfypt7 smdtyc [ctyt,fc ufdfmhj,j7 2 vjbxbdkf v;fdt ajhtv8

2 smdt ltlkt,j7 dby fhbc7 vfufc hjv ub,tlfds7 hfnjv fmfvlt fh vbs[f-hbs7 cek cbc[kc dfaehs[t,byt,7 ltlfc denbht,= 2 uf,hfplf zfh[fkf8

2 fhw tuhtf cfmvt7 zfh[fk7 ij,tk&fqkb ajw[dthbdbs vfhlb lf [fhb-dbs ]fybfybf8 sjac buht [vfhj,c7 sdfkc dth vjfcoht,7 ufahtybk b[dc;frfyc fh fwltyc8 xdtyw ,tdhb dtwflts7 vjrdkfw udbyljlf7 vfuhfv fhfat-hb ufvjdblf7 rbltd fh ufudbvtnf7 sjht jhbdtc lfud[jwfdlf8 sjab dtchj-kts7 vjudfcohj7 fbwlbyf lf f[kf esjajl dpbdfhs9 rbltd vflkj,fqvthsc7 fh lfud[jwf= 2 thsvfytsc fh fwlblyty htnbfyb lf v;fdt8

2 rfhub7 ltlfc denbht,7 fvfqfvdt ufdfcfqt,= hf /mdbf0 2 brbs[f zfh[fkfv82 jvfhb /mdbf7 rbrbkfidbkbf7 vfufcsfy [evhj,f fh itb&kt,f7 [jv ubs[f-

hbs7 ]fybs lf [th[bs cfvbdtc udf]j,t,c8 &fqkb /.fdc7 trfkf7 thsbf hjvkfgfhfrb fh bwbc7 sjht bv egfnhjyjc .dtkfathb tcvbc8 f[kf fm hjv

417

b.jc lf jvfhpt xdtyc cfe,fhc bcvtyltc7 .dtkfc uflfudzfvlf9 &fqkb rb fhfgbhlfgbh cfnfyff= 2 vjbxbdktc8

zfh[fkfc sbsmjc wbdb o.fkb uflffc[tcj7 tyf xfedfhlf7 nhf,f[bc lfvemfhbc [fcbfsb ofe[lf7 2 ytnfdb fm cfblfy vj[dlf0 2 xfbkfgfhfrf8

2 [ekbuyj,fpt lf x[e,bcfsdbc wb[tibf yfult,b7 buht rb ij,tk&fqkchf lfhn.vf fmdc7 hjv vfc[tylt,f7 cf[cht,ib vnt[fvc8 thsb jh]th butsbvjvfhn.f7 ujypt &kbdc vjdtlb7 2 vjbxbdkf v;fdt ajhtv8

2 fhw vfubc &vfrfwbf yfrkt,b7 bc fqvfcrjvbc vjflubkt vfst7 ltlf dfnb-ht7 vfiby fkfpybc gbhfc hj lfvfhn.f7 ltlfvbof at[mdti ufvjvtwfkf8 cfyfvfkfpybc o.fkb fh lfvfc[tc7 ujypt dth vjdtlb8 buht rb hf ufvjdblf7 vfs[j-dfhbdbs ew[jdhbf8 tuht ufvja[trbkb vt fhf dfh8 bc rb fv[tkf rfwbf lffhfathb /mjybf [tkvjcfzblb9 ptofhib &jy&t,b ufvjdf[dbt lf bc ofvjdbqt72 vjbxbdkf7 2 htnbfyvf7 2 fv,j,ty tu jvfhb bvfy lffybidybyfj tuthfl8

2 hf dmyf7 vt [jv pecnb wyj,f vjutwbs7 hjv bv qfvtc cf[kib fh bmyt,j-lf9 tn.j,f aekt,b lf &dbhafctekj,f vbofib tmyt,f xfvfh[ekb7 2 sfdbbvfhskf gtnjv8

2 fhf7 gtnj7 tu butsb e,tlehb xfyc7 vbofib xfvfh[ekb hjv /mjyjlf7tuht fh bmyt,jlf7 bct qfhb,ekfl w[jdhj,c7 lfdfkt,ekb hjv fh vmjyj-lf7 ofvjqt,bc yfwdkfl7 hfw aekb vmjylf bm cflvt vfublfpt lfdenjdt,lb8eylbkb xfyc7 fhfathc fh trfht,f lf hf tmyt,jlf7 2 lf,t]bst,bs smdfhtnbfyvf ybrjv8 2 fb7 ityb cb&t rb wfhbtkb ifycbf7 vfufc tmyt,f vbofib xfvfh-[ekb aekt,b8 butsb .jxfqbf7 mdfcfw rb odtyc fltyc7 2 lfevfnf v;fdt ajhtv8

2 lfcfvfh[b aekb cflf fmdc7 buht rb ifycb hjv fhbc7 tu afmnbf7 2 gtnjufb,qby&f8

2 tu jvfhb se fh vjdrfkbs7 itb&kt,f cfmvt ufudbaezjc7 lblb ij-,tk&fqkbf8 vt rfhufl dbwyj,7 vfufcsfy &dtkb fyufhbit,bw vfmdc8 ths[tkxfdecfahlt,b7 vbdf&fqkt, lf vtht bv vfstv t&t,jc fkfpfyib8 vfyfvlt vteylf vjdthblj7 sjht itb&kt,f smdtyw ufvju.fhjs fmtlfy lf uffaezjccfmvt 2 zfh[fkfv ,bzt,b uffahs[bkf8

2 dby fhbc7 rfwj7 xtvc cb&tc dtn.db lf vfblfy vffijht,c= 2 lfbnhf,f[fgtnjv8

2 lfltm7 gtnj7 vfstc ye uffqbpbfyt,7 sjht fqfh uf[cjdc pfkbrj hflqtib b.j0 rfwb ibibcfufy rdlt,jlf7 hfnj ityvf cb&tv fh eidtkf hjb[dtot,jlf ufyw[flt,bs ufvbidbsj8 vfstv fh ufvjerdfy&f ,jkj8 f[kfxdty hjv vjudb,heyltc7 fvjltyf cfmjytkpt lf cfpfvshjpt vihfkpt lfu-dfcdfvc8 xdty rb daitrfvs at[t,c7 vfuhfv bv ufysfdbceakt,ek pfkbrjclfzthfc fh ffwltyc9 tn.j,f bvfc ityb cb&t at[ptw fhf /rblbf8 bmblfy eylfvjefhjc7 xdty fmtlfy hf itudb&kbf8 se &fkbfy ufzbhlf7 ths ;frfyc dukt]slf tu bmyt,f7 2 lfbmflyf zfh[fkfv8

2 tuht vjeotdc7 tuht= 2 gtnjv rdthb lferhf8

ereqvfhssf ereqvfhsj,fyb

W[TKJLF8 mbpb.ib fhyf[ekb udfkdf bluf7 lblb vjvfdkbc lbl utuvt,pt.bpbk,fibdbs yflbhj,lf8 [tc ajsjkb fh itfhxbyf lf vbyljhc ,fkf[b8b.j otkb [vfehbfyb obycdkbc vlevfht erfy xbxjkbc gbhj,t,ib8 ufo.hf

418

,eyt,f7 sbsmjc cfmfhsdtkjc gfhnbbc wtrfc gbhdtkb rfwbc7 tlefhl fv,-hjctdbxbc vbth thbc7 cbylbcbc7 flfvbfyj,bc lf ,jkjc eakbc obyfit xflt-ybkb wjldt,bcfsdbc cfvfubthjc sfdbct,ehfl e[lblf8 vfuhfv udfkdf rbfhf7 sdbsjy vptw hjv v.bydfhodthpt xfvjv]lfhb.j lf .dtkfathb uflft-,euf7 fvbs fhfathb itbwdkt,jlf7 vjcrjdpt vbwtvekb dfklt,ekt,f fewb-kt,kfl itcheklt,jlf7 vtht rhtvkc sfvfvfl vj[ctylt,jlf7 xdty rjve-ybpvbc rfht,b erdt itdfqts lf smdtyw vfkt itvj,h&fylbsj8 tlefhl fv,-hjctdbxb hfqfw cfnfyehb vbuyt,f b.j gfhnbbc lf [fk[bc sdfkbc[dtdf-uf,bseht,bc cfmvtib8 bct bn.et,lyty sfdc vjcrjdtkb ,qty&t,b tlefhlbcvbth vfhskfl vjyfskekb cbwhebs7 hjujhw fv,frj vbnhj mbnefidbkbcecfpqdhj gbhvjsytj,bs itytkt,ekb yf,jldfhbs8 .dtkfv .dtkfathb bwj-lf7 bvfy7 dbyw sfdc bn.et,lf lf dbyw fn.et,lf8 bvfy7 dbyw nhb,eyblfy mflb-kbs afynfdlf cbwhebc uhbufkc lf bvfs7 lfh,fpib fqahsjdfyt,ekt,bhjv ewlblyty thsuekt,bc nfibc lfme[t,fc8 crfvt,c gbhvjsytj,bs lfvjyehb vjhxbkt,bs byfhxeyt,lyty7 hjvtkbw cojhtl fvudfhb lfvcf[e-ht,bs vbbqtc8 hfw lblb cbwhet fujhlt,jlf7 jdfwbf lf dfifc &f[bkb bvbcitcfathbcfl fpfypfht,lf zthc8 ibivf flfvbfyt,c vjhxbkt,f lf cbwhebcfqahsjdfyt,bs vjcvtyf fcofdkf8 mfsfvbdbs offzhblyty sfdc8 vstkb mdt.-ybc lfyfifekc lff,hfkt,lyty7 se fhfcfbvtlj,fc itfn.j,lyty sdfkbcf[dtdbc7 vbotht,bc7 rjheawbbc7 cbwhebc7 aezb gjvgtpehj,bc upfpt8 ht;bvbkgt,jlf7 ljuvt,ib b[hxj,jlf7 itvjmvtlt,bs lf cfqfl vjfphjdyt flfvb-fyt,c [tkv&qdfytkj,bc .dtkf titkjyib cfcnbrfl ecojhlt,jlyty7 cgj,-lyty lf upblfy bwbkt,lyty5 fcgfhtpb rb tlefhl fv,hjctdbxbc h,tdbc ghju-hfvbs7 fv,frjc lf vbnhj mbnefidbkbc vcufdct,c hxt,jlfs8 mdt.fyf cfdf-kfkj lfcfchekbcrty vbtmfyt,jlf7 cojhtl bcbyb eqt,lyty ,jkjc7 dbcfwvbcb lfwdf lf lqtuh&tkj,f tdfkt,jlfs8 sfdbfysb cfmvbfyj,bs [fk[csfdb itf&ektc7 hfw vskbfyfl w[jdht,bc cjwbfkbcneh cbcntvfc ,hfklt-,jlf7 hfvtse .jdtkbdt evcufdcj,f cjwbfkbcnehb cbcntvbc kjpeyut,bs[lt,jlf8 vlevfht ghjntcnb odts-odtsfl tvfnt,jlf fv jrtfytc7 hjvtkbwths[tk fqtklt,jlf lf fv hovtyflfrfhueksf cf,h&fyt,tkc &bhatcdbf-yfl itfh.tdlf8 f[kf rb ufjht,ekb flfvbfyt,b afhekfl j]f[ib7 se dbo-hj ohtib f[kj,kt,sfy lfcwbyjlyty bvfc7 hfcfw itrht,fpt se sfs,bht,-pt pfhptbvbs [jn,fc fc[fvlyty8

fv,frjc lf vbc vcufdc .fk, rjveybcnt,c7 sdbs rjveybcnsf sfdrfwbctlefhlbc vtsfehj,bs7 fhw qvthsb cofvlfs lf fhw rjveybcnehb bltt-,bc7 hjvkbc thsuekt,fc uekpt [tkbc ,hfueybs babwt,jlyty8 vfs thsbhovtyf /mjylfs7 .dtkfahbc rflht,f crfvbc ityfhxeyt,bcf lf eahj ptdbslf]ljvbcfsdbc8

lblb ofhvfnt,bc otkb czbhlt,jlf tlefhlc7 uhfylbjpekb vbqotdt-,bs eyljlf vjcrjdtkb uflf.hfynt,ekb gjkbn,behjc otdht,bc vj]f-ljt,f7 ufeujyfhb mt,f-lblt,bs hjv a[fylyty [fdcvjrblt,ek uekt,c htc-ge,kbrfsf [tkv&qdfytkt,b7 hjvtksfw lblb mjyt,f vjb[dtztc rjv,byfwb-t,bs7 vbotht,bs7 efvhfdb vfmbyfwbt,bs lf rjheawbbs cf[fk[j ljdkfsbc&fhwdbs8 erdt ptlfgbhpt fvjnbdnbt,fc kfvj,lf vfsb ,ytkb cfmvtyb8 ep,t-rtsib ufvjfirfhfdt,ekb lfe]tht,tkb rjv,byfwbbc afmnb cfufyufij uf[-

419

lf7 .dtkf evfqktc gfhnbek ,qty&c tvemht,jlf vfcib vjyfobktj,bc ufv-;qfdyt,f8 ijhc fh b.j bc lhj mdt.fyfc vfhsfkb7 gfnbjcfyb7 [fk[bc cfmvbcthsuekb flfvbfyt,b hjwf vjdktyjlyty7 vfiby [jv vjeotdlfs gfce[bcufwtvf xfltybkb ,jhjnt,bcfsdbc8

ufvjcfdfkb thsb b.j v[jkjl8 mdt.ybc lfikf7 lfyuhtdf7 cjwbfkbpvbcbltt,bc efh.jaf lf sfdbcb vj[dtzbkb7 vjgfhekb7 xfs,eyt,ek-xfvfkekbmjyt,bs rfgbnfkbpvib uflf,fhut,f8 vtmfybpvb erdt xfhsekb b.j7 mdt.ybcufxfyfut,bc7 lfikbc lf ufdthfyt,bc rfhectkb erdt ,heyfdlf lf sfylfsfycbxmfhtc vfnekj,lf8

fv,frj lbl rf,bytnib b]lf lf abmht,c vbcwtvjlf8 hfbjybc gfnfhf vt-atc sfdbcb epfhvfpfhb lfvcf[eht,bcf vfiby c]thjlf7 hjltcfw gbhvjsyt-sf fqdbhf[cybkb mt,f-lblt,bc ufedfkb qhbfywtkb f,hvfdt,lf7 vfuhfv cf-resfh sfdsfy vfhnj lfhxtybkc yfstkb fphjdyt,f e,heylt,jlf lf vf-iby uh&yj,lf cfgybc ,einfl uf,thbk lblt,fcsfy hfv[tkf ececehb b.j7fvbnjv c&eklf vfhnj lfhxtyf sfdbc fqptdt,bc vcufdc rf,bytnib8

f[kf rb cfresfh cbylbcsfy uekf[lbkfl cfe,hj,lf5 2 vfbyw hjujhvjdbabmht,lb7 hjv hfbrjvbc vlbdfyb ufd[lt,jlb8 hfvltyb xtvpt ufyfskt-,ekb7 cfmvbfyb7 gbhlfgbhb7 ghbywbgekb lf rfhub thbc rfwb b.j vt hjvufdecofh xtvb gbhvjsytj,bs7 vkbmdytkj,bs7 qfkfnbs7 lfcvtybs7 eahj-ct,bc yfat[eht,bc kjrdbs lf evwhjct,bcufy xtvc vbvfhs bubdtc vjs[jd-ybs8 bcbyb c[dfyb b.dyty7 vt 2 c[df8 eahjct,c gbhib cbvfhskbc smvf fhe.dfhlfs7 fvbnjv upblfy bijht,lyty cfmvbfy7 ufyfskt,ek lf vfhsfkflfvbfyt,c8 cfvfubthjl xtvb vcufdct,bs uffdctc fgfhfnb7 thsvfytsc gbhibhjv fmt,lyty7 gbhcerfy rb utckfdlyty8 vt c[df upbs fv vfqfk gjcnc dthvbdfqotdlb8 gbhlfgbhj,f7 cfmvbc cb.dfhekb7 ufyfskt,ek lf df;rfwehb,eyt,bc flfvbfysf [dtlhbf7 vt rb fhw thsb tc sdbct,f fh ufvfxylf8 cfvfub-thjl hfw vmjylf7 cojhtl bc czbhlt,jlfs fvf mdt.ybc &kbths lf fk,fs7fv mdt.fyfc cojhtl tc vjeqt,c ,jkjc8 vbotht,bs7 sdfkbc f[dtdbs7 cbw-hebs7 vjd[tzbs lf fhfvb mjyt,bc xfrezdbs7 .fk,b lblt,bs lf gjvgtpehbqhbfywtkbs cjwbfkbcnehb w[jdht,bc cfzt vbvfhsekt,fc fdfwlbyts8 fk-,fs7 hjlbcvt lflut,f lhj7 vt lf xtvb vcufdct,bc vbth ith.dybkb flfvbf-yt,bc sfyfcojhj,bc yfstkb bltt,bc ghfmnbrekb ufy[jhwbtkt,bc tit-kjyb xb[ib hjv ufbztlt,f9 vfiby rb fbikbc [tkt,c xtvb itcf&kt,kj,t,b8f[kf hfvltybw ubylf bijdj7 vfbyw dth ufvjfxty7 utn.dbfy7 cfblfyj7 eylflfdvfkj7 hfw vjvb[dtzbf8 cjwbfkbpvbc bltt,bc rhf[c vt lf xtvvf vcufdcvfgfnbekvf [tkv&qdfytkt,vf eylf vbdfqobjs7 hfsf vj[dtzbs lf &fhwdbsitdb&byjs lqtc hjv cfthsj cf[fk[j mjyt,f /mdbf lf f[fk rfgbnfkbcnt-,fl vjdtdkbyjs xdtyc vbthdt ufe,tleht,ek flfvbfyt,c8 f[kf rb udvfh-st,c cf[fk[jl cjwbfkbpvbc bltt,bc mflfut,f7 cfmvbs rb vbcb cfae&dkbcith.tdf7 afcflbc ith.dyf lf xdtybdt [tkbs vbcb vjs[hf8

2 ufahs[bklb7 fv,frj7 cjwbfkbcnehb lf [fk[bc sfyfcojhj,bc bltt-,bc yfvldbkb thsuekb7 afyfnbrehfl it.dfht,ekb flfvbfyt,b fh vjdbl-yty gfhnbbc cfsfdtib7 vfiby [jv lfrfhut tu sfdb ibu ereqvf hjv xfelufvcufvxtyc ndbyb7 2 ittlfdf cbylbcb8

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420

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426

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428

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429

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430

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