محاضرات. مركز مار مرقس للدراسات الليتورجية . مختصر تاريخ الحياة الليتورجية لكنيسة الإسكندرية في الأربعة

1

4102

.

- - . .

- . . (138 -117) -

(2) Colin H. Roberts (1)

. .

- -

1- Colin H. Roberts, Manuscript, Society and Belief in Early Christian Egypt, Oxford University Press, 1979, p. 1 ; Birger A. Pearson,

Earliest Christianity in Egypt, Some Observations, in The Roots of Egyptian Christianity, Editors, Birger A. Pearson ; James E. Goehring,

U.S.A., 1986. .1959 31 -2

2

.

. .

.

. . .

. 38 66 .41 . . 55- -

(Primus (159-122 (117 -98) .(3) Cyrenaica

.

. .

.(4)

-Walter Bauer (1877 (5) 1934 .(6) (1965 :

. . .

Colin H. Roberts

3- Colin H. Roberts, op. cit., p. 56.

4- Ibid., p. 56.

. (1965-1877) )( -5 .

.)( -6 .

. - -

. . .

3

Walter Bauer .1979 (7) .

. (8) .(9)

.

.(15) .

(215-155) . Stromata

(11) Colin H. Roberts .(12)

: Colin H. Roberts . (0) . (4) .(13) (3)

.

.

. (14) .

.

.

. -7 ) Gospel of Thomas (Egerton Gospel (2 (1): -8

P. Oxy .1 26-28 )(3) Irenaeus, Adversus Haerses . 9- Birger A. Pearson, op. cit., p. 132, 133 ; Colin H. Roberts, op. cit., p. 52.

10- Klijn, A.F.J., Jewish Christianity in Egypt, in The Roots of Egyptian Christianity, Editors, Birger A. Pearson ;

James E. Goehring, U.S.A., 1986, p. 165.

. Valentinus Basilides -1112- Birger A. Pearson, op. cit., p. 134.

-13 .

9:6: -14

4

: H. Lietzmann (15) .

.(16)

R.D. Richardson H. Lietzmann F.J.A. Hort (18) Brooke Foss Westcott (17)

.(19)

Colin H. Roberts Danilou Hornschuh Koester

. A Jewish-Christian Character .(25)

.

.(21)

.

.

.

. (Hans Lietzmann (1875-1942 -15

. . .

Cf. Cross, F.L. & Livingstone, E.A. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (ODCC), (2nd edition), 1988, p. 822. 16- Lietzmann, H., Mass and Lords Supper, A Study in the History of the Liturgy, tr. By H.G. Reeve, with Introduction and

Supplementary Essay by R.D. Richardson, Leiden 1953-1974.

428 2555 : -17 . 1895 Durham (Brooke Foss Westcott (1825-1951

. 1875 . Lightfoot . Cambridge . . .

... . Cf. ODCC, 2nd edition, p. 1470.

. .(Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828-1892 -18Cf. ODCC, 2nd edition, p. 667.

431 -1920- Klijn, A.F.J., op. cit.,p. 162.

21- Ibid., p.162.

5

.(22)

: B.A. Pearson . (23)

- . -

.

- - Colin H. Roberts .

.(24)

.

:(345-265) ...

... (25) .

. ... .

... : ... (26) .

. .

)( ...

. .

.

- - .

22- Ibid., p.163.

23- Birger A. Pearson, op. cit., p. 136.

24- Ibid., p.134.

. -25 )(. 36 - - -26

6

(25)

(27) ( )

... ...

.(28)

. .

. .(3-1:24) (4-1:45:1)

.

. (117 -98)

117 .

.

(Eumenes (135-142 132 . 135

. (138 -117) .

.

(117 -98) (215-155)

. -27 . 95 24-2:17:2 1979 -28

7

. (29) .

(Colin H. Roberts(35 117 . 117 355 42 ( 225) 337

. . . 117

.

117 .

.185 117 .

. )( . The Shepherd of Hermas - (31)

. .

(254-185) .

. 117

.

.(32)

. .

. (117 -98) 117 .

. (33)

29- Strom. VII, 106.

30- Cf. Colin H. Roberts, op. cit., p. 58, 59.

. -31 .

2 15:4 19:16 1 5:16 2:25 42:5 46:2: -3233- Cf. H.I. Bell, Cults and Creeds in Graeco Roma and Egypt, p. 79.

8

.

- . - (34)

.(254-185) (155-215)

.Septuagin ( ) )(

.

..( 246-285)

. (35) .

. .

Josephus .(55-.Philo (13 Flavius (37-151) .

(254 -185) . .

.

.

. .

- . - 95

- - . . (Massoretic Text (36

.

(425-342) .

34- ODCC, 2

nd edition, p. 1083.

-35 . . MT -36

9

(435 -354) . . .(37)

.

KJV .

. . 1826

.

1955

. . 1975

- 1969 - International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies

IOSCS .(38)

RSV 1957

. NRSV 1995

1995 :

.

.

* * * .

.

. -

: -37 - ... : -

. De Doctrina : 15, 22, II.

.1994 : -38

15

- (255-135) . . 1873

. . (254-185) (215-155)

. 132 117

. .

.

21 . . : (17 -1)

. (21-18) . .

. .(39)

* * * ( )

(195+ ) .(45)

. Pantaenus

(215-155) .(41) .

.

.

.

. .

39- Cf. Lawrence J. Johnson, Worship in the Early Church, An Anthology of Historical Sources, Liturgical Press Collegeville,

Minnesota, 2009.


41- Ibid., p. 70, 71.

11

(215-155) . .

.

(42) (215-155) (43) .

. (254-185) . (45) . (44)

. (46) .(47)

: Hypotyposes . ]

. (48)... .

[ .(49)

. .

. . .

. -42 .(3:13:6) -43

Cf. Klijn, A.F.J., op. cit., p. 164.

8:5 -44 - - -45

.

7:1:1 -46 5:12 -47

Cf. Klijn, A.F.J., op. cit., p. 164, 165.

-48 ) : ( . )

( . ( ) . - -

. .(5-1:11:5) -49

12

.

: . (55) . Protrepticus Pros Ellinas ) ( :

. . . (55). Paidagogos :

. .

. Stromata : . .

: (215-155)

(215-155) .

. - .(51) -

-( 254-185) - .

. (225-165) . .

. .

.

. . .

. : ] .

. . .

. ... .(12:3 ) [

] [ ) .(22:4

.(3:13:6) -55 ): -51 .(7:7

13

. .

. : ) ( ]

. .(8:2 ) [

.

:.

] .

. .

. (52) . .

) [ .(14:6

. : .

] ) . ( .

.(12:3 ) [

- - . . :

] : . .(9 ) [ .

]

: -52 ... . .

[ : ] ) . (12:7 .

14

) [ .(6:7

. :

] . .... . ) (

.(2:2 ) [

.(53)[ ]

(215-155) . . : . ] . .

. . . . )(.

. . .

. . . .(4:2 ) [

] .

... .(4:2 ) [

.(54)(4:2 ) [ ]

] )( . .

.(4:2 ) [

. . : ( ] ) : ... . ... ...

... ... ) [ .(12:7

53- Excerpta ex Theodoto 4.82.1

. . .

. -54

15

: ] [ ) .(22:4

:(55) ] .

) [ .(7:7

(.27:24 )

.

* * *

. . .

.

Aquila )(

.(56)

.(254-185)

. (57)

.(58)

-55 :(373-328) : ]

. : .

. : (7:132 )

[.( 34:68 ). PG XXVIII, 620.

489 : 56- Colin H. Roberts, op. cit., p. 57.

. -57 .

58- Roger S. Bagnall, Alexandria: Library of Dreams, Proceeding of the American Philosophical Society 146.4 (2002), p. 348-

16

Serapeum . Serapis

Catechetical school -

.

(345-264) Origen Clement Pantaenus :

. : .

- - - -

.(59)

.

. School of thought -

Zephyrinus (198- 217 . (

. . - -

.

235 . Egyptian Church Order

.(47 -21 ) - -

.E 1915 Schwartz R.H. Connolly 1916

.

R.H. Connolly (65) 362, 351-356.

Cited by, Stephen J. Davis, The Early Coptic Papacy, The American University in Cairo Press, Second printing 2005. p. 188, n. 2

257 256 (1:15:5) -59 Down Side Abbey -65

. 1611 1657

17

Texts and (61) Studies, contributions to Biblical and Patristic literature .

: ) - - - - (.

.

. . .

.

. .

- Heraclas .

- .(62) .

. (63) .

.

. . . 1935 Down Side Review . 1896 .

( 1916-1954) 1899 . Egyptian Church

Order 1916 1942 .1929 Didascalia Apostolorum . (397-339) De Sacramentis

Journal of Theological Studies . 61- Dom R. Hugu Connolly, M.A., The So- Called Egyptian Church Order and Derived Documents, Cambridge,1916.

.(15:6) -6263- Cf. Bardy, Gustave, Pour lhistoire de l'cole dAlexandrie, In Vivre et Penser, Seconde srie, 1942, p. 80-109, esp. 100 and

109.

Stephen J. Davis, op. cit., p. 191, n. 28.

18

elementary instruction- .

. 248 (265-248) (64) - 253 .

. 254 - (328-373)

- . .

- - .(65)

. .

.(215-155)

. :

] : .(66)[

:. .(67)[ ] .(68)[ ]

. . . :

.(69)[ ]

. .

: -64 - ...

PG 26, 649)). . -65 ) -66 (.6:33 5 36 1 -67 (.4:2 ) -68 7:32 -69

19

:

]

.(75)[

: .

* * * (71) (264-247)

(345-265) .

. .

:(264-247) . . .

. .

)( (345-265 ) Nepos 1555 .

(265-248) . . Nepos . .

: ] )( ...

...

(.3:13 ) -75

: ...

.... ... ) .(4 2:32

: . . . .(2 1:29 )

66 (3) (97) (.28-25 11-9 7-4 2 1:7 46 45 44 41:6 ) -71

25

... ... .

- - .

[.(72)

(264-247) Nepos . :

... Nepos ] .

. . [.

- (73)265 -

... : .(74)

.

.

.

. (75) Basilides 265

.

(254-185) .

. Christian .(265-248)

. -72 .

. -73 (.15:35:7 ) -74 -75 .

21

(76) .

. .

.(77)

.

. .(78) 355 - P.E. Kahle -

a bilingual book in the form of a school tablet H.I. Bell . (79)

.(85)

. 262

.353 (355 - 284)

: (345-265) . (355 - 284)

. . (81) ...

.(82)

.

.

.1925 . -76

Cf. H.I. Bell-H. Thompson, in JEA 11 (1925), p. 241-246.



(.Gr. Inscr. 3019 ) Bodleian -7980- Colin H. Roberts, op. cit., p. 67.

284 17 -81 .353 17 .(4 1:2:8) -82

22

.(83)

. (355-282) .

. (84) .

.(85)

375 (1:69) (453-315) The Church of - .

Boukalis(86) - - . . .(87)

.

(117-115) . . .

.

. :

. .(264-247) (1) . . (355-282) (2)

. (3) .(345-339) . .

.(88)

83- Birger A. Pearson, op. cit., p. 151.

. 325 -84 85- Cf. Colin H. Roberts, op. cit.,p. 72, 73.

. Boukolou Boukalis -86B )( Cow pastures . .

. . . (23 ) : -87

88- Annick Martin, Alexandrie lpoque romaine tardive: limpact du Christianisme sur la topographie et les institutions, p. 12-

13, dans Bulletin de l'institut Franais dArchologie Orientale, 1998.

23

* * * - Colin H. Roberts - (89)

Morton . (95) Smith .(92)1973 (215-155) (91)1958

.

.

. (93)

Pericoli . Ridolfini (94) .

. . : .(Two Greek recensions(95

89- Cf. Birger A. Pearson, op. cit., p. 145, n. 65. 90- Cf. Stephen J. Davis, op. cit., p. 7. 91- Stephen J. Davis, op. cit., p. 184, n. 30.

: 1973 Morton Smith -92 .

The Secret Gospel: The Discovery and Interpretation of the Secret Gospel According to Mark, New York, Harper & Row, 1973.

: .

Morton Smith, Clement of Alexandria and a Secret Gospel of Mark, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1973.

:The Secret Gospel, 14-17; and also:

http://www.user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/Secret/letter-engl.html.

93- Birger A. Pearson, op. cit., p. 138 ; Stephen J. Davis, op. cit., p. 9. 94- Birger A. Pearson, op. cit., p. 143 ; Stephen J. Davis, op. cit., p. 10.

. ( 881) -95 ( 866). (.PG 115,164 ff)

. : Acta Sanctorum (rev. ed.; Paris: Palm, 1863-1940) 12: April, 3, XXXVIII-XL (cod. Vatican gr. 866).

:Allen Dwight Callahan, The Acts of Saint Mark: An Introduction and Translation, Coptic Church Review 14 (1993), p. 3-10.

:P. Hubai, The Legend of St. Mark: Coptic Fragments, in Studia Aegyptica XII (Studia in Honorem L. Fti; Budapest, 1989), p.

165-234.

:P. Hubai, The Legend of St. Mark, p. 187, note 1 ; B.A. Pearson, op. cit., p. 140, n. 37 ; Allan Dwight Callahan, The Acts of Mark:

Tradition, Transmission, and Translation of the Arabic Version, in The Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles: Harvard Divinity School

Studies, edited by F. Bovon, A.G. Brock, and C.R. Matthews, Cambridge, 1999, p. 62-85.

Cf. Stephen J. Davis, op. cit., p. 185, n. 36.

24

.(96) (1555-915 )

* * * - (337 - 323) .

.(97)

:

.

.(98)

.

. .

. .

(399 -395 ) : - . In the Day At Dawn (99) - . At Dusk Lamp Lightening . In the Night (151) (155) - - . Third Hours

-96

) : . (3) ( . . .

-97 23 1979 98- Robert Taft, S.J., The Liturgy of the Hours in the Christian East: Origins, Meaning, Place in the Life of the

Church, Cochin: K. C. M. Press, 1984, p. 32. : -99

...

: ... Cf. PO, t. 4, fasc. 5, p. 482.

( : ) .Ann. du Mus.... Guimet, XVII, 577

-155 151- : T

PO, t. 4, Fasc., 5, p. 446, 497.

25

)( .(152) . . Synaxis (153)

(154)(425 -342) .(155) 45 45 35

Dawn Synaxis

.(156)

.

.

. ) ( ( ) .

. ... .

: Robert Taft .(157)

... 62 . .

. ... ... 145

.

. -152

Cf. Ann. du Mus. Guimet, XVII, p. 613.

153- The office of the six prayers Six Sections of prayers

.104- Cf. PL, Regula of St. Jerom, Regula 126.

. Compline 105- Robert Taft, op. cit., p. 63.

106- Veilleux, Pachomian Koinonia, Vol. 2, p. 142.

107- Robert Taft, op. cit., p. 251.

26

) (. .

. .

.

.

. .

* * * (385-385) . 18 .(158)

: . . : ) ( : (7)

: (13) . . :

(412 -384) .

Oxyrhynchus .

108- Cf. Georg Graf (Von), Geschichte Der Christlichen Arabischen Literatur (GCAL), I,Citt del Vaticano, 1944,

p. 316.

27

(435-354) .(159)

) ( (115) (111)

. . .

(112) .(113) .

- (373-328) - (254-185) .

. (114) . .

.

.(115)

(381-343) . .(116)

: (384-378) (13):

: : (117)

. . (496-489)

692 (52) . ) (0111-509 )

109- Colin H. Roberts, op. cit.,p. 57.

3-1:16:9 : -115 3:25:4 -111 14:3 2 -112 16:2 -113 4:23 -114: -115 . 26 . 51 49 29 16 -116

: - (29) (16) (Van Espen (1646-1728 .

5:7 1 -117

28

(65 : .

.

.

.

.(118) .

* * * . (119)455

. (373-328)

(378 -373) .

118- Ibid., p. 57.

119- Gregory Dix, Dom, The Treatise on The Apostolic Tradition of St. Hippolytus of Rome, op. cit., p. LIX.