Математические основы судовождения

Fbgbkl_jkl\hljZgkihjlZJhkkbb>Zevg_\hklhqgZy]hkm^Zjkl\_ggZyfhjkdZyZdZ^_fby

bf_gbZ^fbjZeZ=BG_\_evkdh]h

DZn_^jZkm^h\h`^_gby

F?LH>BQ?KDB?MD:A:GBY>EYhf[bgkdbc

Ihabpby\ieZg_ba^Zgbymq_[ghcebl_jZlmju>GJm[bgrl_cg

KhklZ\be:e_dkZg^jIZ\eh\bq>hf[bgkdbc

F?LH>BQ?KDB?MD:A:GBY>EY

F_lh^bq_kdb_mdZaZgby^ey\uiheg_gbyeZ[hjZlhjguojZ[hlihfZl_fZlbq_kdbfhkgh\Zfkm^h\h`^_gby

&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

KH>?J@:GB?

G?CDJ:LBQ?KDHCIH=J?RGHKLBKDINMGDPBB H[sb_k\_^_gby Ihjy^hdjZkq_lZ AZ^Zgby

HIJ?>?E?GB?F?KL:KM>G:IH>?E?GB?


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

KN?JBQ?KDB?LJ?M=HEVGBDB

ZDHKHM=HEVGU?KN?JBQ?KDB?LJ?M=HEVGBDB

H;SB?K?GBY

Kn_jbq_kdbflj_m]hevgbdhfgZau\Z_lkynb]mjZgZkn_j_h[jZah\ZggZylj_fyihiZjghi_j_k_dZxsbfbky^m]Zfb[hevrbodjm]h\M]eukn_jbq_kdh]hlj_m]hevgbdZh[hagZqZxlkyijhibkgufb[md\ZfbeZlbgkdh]hZenZ\blZ$%&Zijhlb\he_`Zsb_bfklhjhgukhhl\_lkl\mxsbfbkljhqgufbDEF\k_]hwe_f_glh\kn_jbq_kdh]hlj_m]hevgbdZ

Lj_m]hevgbd kqblZ_lky aZ^Zgguf _keb ba\_klgu dZdb_eb[h ljb _]hwe_f_glZHlukdZgb_g_ba\_klguowe_f_glh\ihaZ^ZggufgZau\Z_lkyj_r_gb_f kn_jbq_kdh]h lj_m]hevgbdZ J_r_gb_ \uihegy_lky k bkihevah\Zgb_fnhjfmekn_jbq_kdhcljb]hghf_ljbb\dhlhjuowe_f_glukn_jbq_kdh]hlj_m]hevgbdZ e_`Zl \ ij_^_eZo hl ^h lj_m]hevgbd Wce_jZ J_r_gb_lj_m]hevgbdZ \uihegy_lky k bkihevah\Zgb_f \ dZq_kl\_ bkoh^guo ^ZgguolhevdhaZ^Zgguo we_f_glh\>eyj_r_gbyijbf_gyxlkyhkgh\gu_nhjfmeudhkbgmkZ klhjhgu dhkbgmkZ m]eZ dhlZg]_gkh\ o jy^hf e_`Zsbo we_f_glh\

NhjfmeZ dhkbgmkZ klhjhgu k\yau\Z_l ljb klhjhgu b h^bg ba m]eh\kn_jbq_kdh]h lj_m]hevgbdZM^h[gZ^eygZoh`^_gbyg_ba\_klgh]h m]eZ bebklhjhgu ijhlb\he_`Zs_c wlhfm m]em b qblZ_lky ke_^mxsbf h[jZahf\kn_jbq_kdhflj_m]hevgbd_dhkbgmkklhjhgujZ\_gijhba\_^_gbxdhkbgm

kh\^\mo^jm]bo klhjhgiexkijhba\_^_gb_ kbgmkh\ wlbo klhjhggZdhkbgmk

m]eZf_`^mgbfbGZijbf_j E F $ aZ^Zggu_we_f_glulh]^Z

$ &

%

DF

E

FRVD FRVEFRVFVLQEVLQFFRV$

NhjfmeZdhkbgmkZm]eZk\yau\Z_lljbm]eZbklhjhgmkn_jbq_kdh]hlj_m]hevgbdZm^h[gZ^eygZoh`^_gbyg_ba\_klghc klhjhgubebm]eZijhlb\he_`Zs_]h wlhc klhjhg_ b qblZ_lky lZd dhkbgmk m]eZ kn_jbq_kdh]h lj_m]hevgbdZjZ\_ghljbpZl_evghfmijhba\_^_gbxdhkbgmkh\^\mo^jm]bo m]eh\


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

iexk ijhba\_^_gb_ kbgmkh\ wlbo m]eh\ gZ dhkbgmk klhjhgu f_`^m gbfb

GZijbf_j D % & aZ^Zggu_we_f_glulh]^Z

$ &

%

DF

E

FRV$ FRV%FRV&VLQ%VLQ&FRVD

NhjfmeZdhlZg]_gkh\ ojy^hfe_`Zsbo we_f_glh\ k\yau\Z_l jy^hf e_`Zsbo we_f_glZbkihevam_lky^eygZoh`^_gby djZcgbo we_f_glh\ bqblZ_lky ke_^mxsbf h[jZahf ijhba\_^_gb_ dhlZg]_gkZ djZcg_]h m]eZ gZkbgmkkj_^g_]hm]eZjZ\ghijhba\_^_gbxdhlZg]_gkZdjZcg_cklhjhgugZkb

gmkkj_^g_cklhjhgufbgmkijhba\_^_gb_dhkbgmkh\kj_^gbowe_f_glh\GZ

ijbf_j D E & aZ^Zggu_ we_f_glu lh]^Zh[t_^bgb\ jy^hfe_

`Zsbowe_f_glZ$E&Dkh]eZkghnhjfmebjh\d_fh`ghaZibkZlvnhjfmem

$ &

%

DF

E

FWJ$VLQ& FWJDVLQEFRVEFRV&

$D

E&

Djhf_lh]h\wlhfkemqZ_fh`ghh[t_^bgblvke_^mxsb_jy^hfe_`Zsbowe_f_glZ%D&Elh]^Zkh]eZkghnhjfmebjh\d_[m^_l

$ &

%

DF

E

FWJ%VLQ& FWJEVLQDFRVDFRV&

%E

D&


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

IHJY>HDJ?R?GBYDHKHM=HEVGUOKN?JBQ?KDBOLJ?M=HEVGBDHhf[bgkdbc

$ &

%

DF

E

FRV% FRVEFRVHFDFRVHFFFWJDFWJF

, ,,

,,,

%!

, ,, FRV% %

A:>:GBY


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

[IJYFHM=HEVGU?KN?JBQ?KDB?LJ?M=HEVGBDB

H;SB?K?GBY

Ijyfhm]hevgufgZau\Z_lkylZdhckn_jbq_kdbclj_m]hevgbdmdhlhjh]hh^bg ba m]eh\ jZ\_g Ijyfhm]hevgu_ kn_jbq_kdb_ lj_m]hevgbdb [he__jZpbhgZevghj_rZlvihijZ\beZfFh^xbG_i_jZ

\ijyfhm]hevghfkn_jbq_kdhflj_m]hevgbd_dhkbgmkex[h]hkj_^g_]h

we_f_glZjZ\_gijhba\_^_gbxdhlZg]_gkh\djZcgbokf_`guokgbf we_f_g

lh\

dhkbgmk hl^_evgh e_`Zs_]h we_f_glZ kn_jbq_kdh]h lj_m]hevgbdZ

jZ\_gijhba\_^_gbxkbgmkh\^\mog_kf_`guokgbfjy^hfe_`Zsbowe_f_g

lh\

Ijbf_qZgb_\h[hboijZ\beZoijbgylhqlhdZl_lue_`Zljy^hf^jm]k^jm]hfbqlh\f_klhdZl_lh\gZ^h[jZlvbo^hiheg_gby^hbaf_gyykhhl\_lkl\_gghgZbf_gh\Zgbyljb]hghf_ljbq_kdbonmgdpbc

Imklv\kn_jbq_kdhflj_m]hevgbd_m]he$jZ\_glh]^Zkh]eZkghijZ\beZfFh^xbG_i_jZ

$

&

%D

F

E

F

E

qq q

q

VLQVLQFRVVLQVLQFRV

FWJFWJFRVFWJFWJFRV

FED

D&F

FD%

&%D

NhjfmeumijhsZxlkykihfhsvxjZ\_gkl\

VLQM FRVM FRVM VLQM kWJM WJM

Ihjy^hd^_ckl\bcijb j_r_gbb ijyfhm]hevguo kn_jbq_kdbo lj_m]hevgbdh\ hklZ_lky ZgZeh]bqguf ihjy^dm j_r_gby dhkhm]hevguo kn_jbq_kdbolj_m]hevgbdh\Bkke_^h\Zgb_`_jZ[hq_cnhjfmeugZagZdb\ex[hfkemqZ_^Z_l\hafh`ghklvhij_^_eblvaZjZg__q_l\_jlv\dhlhjhcgZoh^blkybkdhfucwe_f_glf_gvr_beb[hevr_

Ijhdhgljhebjh\Zlv j_amevlZlu j_r_gby fh`gh bkihevamy ke_^mxs__k\hckl\h \_ebqbgu dZl_lZ b ijhlb\he_`Zs_]h m]eZ ^he`gu [ulv \ h^ghcq_l\_jlbh[Zwlbwe_f_glZ^he`gu[ulvbebf_gvr_beb`_[hevr_

Ijbf_j

>Zgh & D

E

GZclbm]he%

&

%

$

F

E

D

E

D


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

J_r_gb_

%

$

%

%D%

E%D%

q q

qq

q qo

FWJ

FWJVLQFWJ

FWJFWJFRV

A:>:GBY


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

LZ[ebpZ%

DF D& F& EF E$ $&

LZ[ebpZ

D

E

F

$

&

LZ[ebpZ&

DE E$ D$ DF F% $%

LZ[ebpZ

D

E

F

$

%

=?HF?LJBYA?FGH=HKN?JHB>:

H;SB?K?GBY

>eyihkljh_gbydZjljZagu_ kljZgubeb ]jmiiu kljZgbkihevamxljZaebqgu_j_n_j_gpweebikhb^ua_fgu_kn_jhb^u


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

gbc \KR: b ^jm]bo kljZgZo \ ]h^m [ue ijbgyl weebikhb^ :*6:RUOG*HRGHWLF6XUYH\kiZjZf_ljZfb

D f E f H AZl_f iZjZf_lju wlh]h weebikhb^Z [ueb mlhqg_gu b \ ]h^m [ue

ijbgylweebikhb^:*6FiZjZf_ljZfbD f E f H NhjfZbjZaf_jua_fgh]hkn_jhb^Zhij_^_eyxlagZq_gbyjZ^bmkh\djb

\bagujZaebqguok_q_gbceyi_j_\h^ZjZ^bZgghcf_jubaf_j_gby\ ]jZ^mkgmxbgZh[hjhl kem`Zl\_ebqbguDUFbDUFwlhêbgu^m]bhdjm`ghklb\_ebqbghcb\ujZ`_ggu_\jZ^bZgZo

DUF

q|

q

q

S$

DUF

|

S

J:KQ?LGU?NHJFMEU

JZ^bmk iZjZee_eb U bkihevam_lky êy jZkq_lZ êbg ^m] iZjZee_e_chij_^_eyxsbojZkklhygbyf_`^mf_jb^bZgZfb

VLQFRV

VLQ

FRVMH

M

MH

M

::

DDU

>ebgZ ^m]b iZjZee_eb3 ihdZau\Z_l jZkklhygb_f_`^m ^\mfyf_jb^bZgZfb\aZ^Zgghcrbjhl_

DUFDUF ' qq' ' OOO UUU3

>ebgZfbgmlu^m]biZjZee_eb3jZkkqblu\Z_lkyêy'O >ebgZ^m]bwd\ZlhjZ3ihdZau\Z_ljZkklhygb_f_`^m^\mfyf_jb^bZ

gZfbgZwd\Zlhj_

DUFDUF ' qq' ' OOO DDD3

>ebgZfbgmlu^m]bwd\ZlhjZJwd\ZlhjbZevgZyfbeyjZkkqblu\Z_lkyêy'O

JZ^bmk djb\baguf_jb^bZgZ0 bkihevam_lky êy \uqbke_gby êbgu^m]bf_jb^bZgZbjZaghklbrbjhllhq_dgZih\_joghklbkn_jhb^Z


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

VLQ

:

DD0

H

MH

H

JZ^bmkdjb\bagughjfZevgh]h k_q_gby1bkihevam_lkyêy \uqbke_gbyêbgu^m]biZjZee_ebjZaghklb^he]hlbjZaghklbZabfmlh\

:

D1

>ebgZfbgmlu^m]bf_jb^bZgZ'fhjkdZyfbeyjZkkqblu\Z_lkyêy'M bkem`bl_^bgbp_cbaf_j_gbyjZkklhygbc\fhj_

:*6FRV

lFRV

DUF

'

'

' ' '

M

M

MM

00

Ijb\_^_ggZyrbjhlZXkem`blêyijh_dlbjh\Zgbya_fgh]hkn_jhb^ZgZrZj\uqbkey_lkyklhqghklvx^h

WJWJ MD

EX

Ijbf_qZgb_ jZaf_jghklv b lhqghklv \uqbke_gbc g_h[oh^bfh kh[ex^Zlvkh]eZkghijbf_jmijb\_^_gghfmgb`_

>ey ijh\_jdb j_amevlZlh\ jZkq_lZ fh`gh bkihevah\Zlv khhlghr_gbyf_`^mjZ^bmkZfbdjb\bagubebaZdhgubobaf_g_gby\aZ\bkbfhklbhlrbjhlugZ]ey^ghihdZaZggu_gZjbk

3R

D

0

'O

'O

UU .

3

E

X M

.

.

.1 D

10

0

E

1

Jbk Jbk

GZwd\Zlhj_ijbM jZ^bmkdjb\bagughjfZevgh]hk_q_gby1 DjZ

^bmkdjb\baguf_jb^bZgZ H D0 l_êyweebikhb^ZDjZkh\kdh]h\wlhfkemqZ_0 dfZêyweebikhb^Z:*60 dfGZihexk_ ijb M 16 1 0 b êy weebikhb^Z DjZkh\kdh]h 1 0 dfZêy:*61 F df


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

MR

0

1

Jbk

Ijbf_j


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

:*6

| 3


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

ii M 'O ii M 'O

J:KQ?LWE?F?GLHM=B;HEVRH=HDJM=:

H;SB?K?GBY

>m]Z[hevrh]hdjm]Z>;Dbebhjlh^jhfbywlhke_^gZih\_joghklbkn_ju ihemq_gguc \ j_amevlZl_ k_q_gby kn_ju iehkdhklvx ijhoh^ys_cq_j_a__p_glj>;Dy\ey_lkyebgb_cdjZlqZcr_]hjZkklhygbygZkn_j_Ijbbah[jZ`_gbb kn_ju gZ iehkdhklb >;D h[jZs_gZ \uimdehklvx \ klhjhgm[eb`Zcr_]hihexkZJ1beb36>;DgZkn_j_b]jZ_llm`_jhevqlhbijyfZygZiehkdhklb

>;Di_j_k_dZ_lf_jb^bZguih^jZagufbm]eZfbihwlhfmijbi_j_oh^_km^gZ ih >;D gZijZ\e_gb_ ^\b`_gby dmjk km^gZ ihklhyggh f_gy_lky hf[bgkdbc

1 1

1 1

..

.

.

$

$

M O$

M O$ $

M Od dM Od d

J Jd

d

JbkZ^\b`_gb_gZ\hklhd [^\b`_gb_gZaZiZ^

Dhkgh\gufwe_f_glZf>;DhlghkylkyDgDdb6hjl>eykn_juwlbwe_f_glu fh`gh jZkkqblZlv k ihfhsvx nhjfme kn_jbq_kdhc ljb]hghf_ljbbIjb wlhf kn_jbq_kdh_ koh`^_gb_ f_jb^bZgh\ J fh`gh bkihevah\Zlv ^eyijh\_jdb

Dd DgJ

KmffZ\nhjfme_ Ze]_[jZbq_kdZylh_klv J fh`_lbf_lv agZd

eb[hKn_jbq_kdh_koh`^_gb_f_jb^bZgh\J jZkkqblu\Z_lkyihnhjfme_

WJFRV

VLQWJ

OMJM

'

'

]^_

MMM %

$ kj_^gyyrbjhlZ

$% MMM ' jZaghklvrbjhl

$% OOO ' jZaghklv^he]hl

Ijb jZkq_l_Mkj'M'O ke_^m_lijbk\Zb\ZlvM:M


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

ghklv^he]hl'O\k_]^Zf_gvr_Kq_l^he]hl\_^_lkykh]eZkghgb`_ke_^mxs_fmjbkmgdmhlf_jb^bZgZ=jbg\bqZ

e

R: R(R

R

31

36

(:

e

R: R(

R

R

31

(:

IjbjZkq_l_jZaghklb^he]hl'Oke_^m_l\hklhqghc^he]hl_(ijbk\Zb\ZlvagZdaZiZ^ghc:agZdGZijbf_j

O: : O


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

Ijhba\_klbdhgljhev\uqbke_gbcDgbDdihnhjfme_

Ijbf_jJZkkqblZlv we_f_glu >;D ^ey ke_^mxsbo ^Zgguo M: 6

O: ? M


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

Kh]eZkghjbkmgdmDg $ FRVFRVVLQFWJVLQFWJ OMMMO 'qqq ' %%$%

FWJFRVFRVHFVLQFWJ

VLQ

FRVFRVVLQFWJFWJ

OMOMM

O

OMMM

'q

'

q

q

'

'

%%$

%%$%

$$$

FWJ% WJ% % |

Kh]eZkghjbkmgdm Dd %

116

q qq

%$

MMM

'M M:GBY

Bkoh^gu_^Zggu_^eyj_r_gbyaZ^Zq\u[bjZxlkybalZ[eihghf_jmaZ^Zqb

M$>,@ 6

,-./

O$>-@ (

M%>.@ 1

O%>/@ :

LZ[ebpZ

M:>,@ 1 6 1 6 1

O:>-@ ? : ? : ?MD@ 6 1 6 1 6

O/@ : ? : ? :

H;J:;HLD:IJYFUOJ:


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

ijb dhlhjuo bkdhfu_ \_ebqbgu gZoh^yl gZ hkgh\_ ba\_klghc aZ\bkbfhklbf_`^m gbfb b \_ebqbgZfb ih^\_j]Z_fufb ijyfuf baf_j_gbyfLZd _kebbkdhfufby\eyxlkyrbjhlZb^he]hlZf_klZkm^gZZfubaf_jy_fjZkklhygby^hhjb_glbjh\i_e_g]bgZgbo\ukhluk\_lbebl^bebrvaZl_fijhba\_^ydZdb_lh]jZnbq_kdb_ihkljh_gbybebZgZeblbq_kdb_\uqbke_gbygZoh^bfbkdhfh_f_klhkm^gZgZdZjl_lhwlh[m^mldhk\_ggu_baf_j_gby

DH;J:;HLD:IJYFUOJ:


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

keh`_gbbhgbqZklbqgh^jm]^jm]Zdhfi_gkbjmxlihwlhfmlhqghklvkj_^g_]hZjbnf_lbq_kdh]h\ur_lhqghklb_^bgbqgh]hbaf_j_gbyGhiheghcdhfi_gkZpbbg_ijhbkoh^blihwlhfmgZclb kh\_jr_ggh[_ahrb[hqgmx hp_gdmg_\hafh`gh

NhjfmeZ ^Z_l\hafh`ghklvhp_gblv lhqghklv kj_^g_]h Zjbnf_lbq_kdh]h gh ^ey wlh]h ^he`gZ [ulv ba\_klgZ kj_^gyy d\Z^jZlbq_kdZy ih]j_rghklv [P _^bgbqgh]hbaf_j_gby>ey__hp_gdbkms_kl\m_l^\Zimlb

Zijbhjgh_^hhiulZhp_gb\Zgb_lhqghklbbaf_j_gbcdhlhjh_hkgh\u\Z_lkygZj_amevlZlZodZdbolhij_^u^msbobaf_j_gbcbebgZdhk\_gghfl_hj_lbq_kdhf ZgZeba_ lhqghklb baf_j_gbc ey Zihkl_jbhjgh]h hp_gb\Zgby lhqghklb baf_j_gbc ijbf_gyxlky ljb

kihkh[ZIhwlZehggufbaf_j_gbyf?kebijbbaf_j_gbyoba\_klghwlZehggh_

bklbggh_agZq_gb_baf_jy_fhc\_ebqbgu;bklaZhp_gdmkj_^g_cd\Z^jZlbq_kdhcih]j_rghklb_^bgbqgh]hbaf_j_gbyijbgbfZxl\_ebqbgm

QP

Q

LL

[

'

r

nhjfmeZ=ZmkkZ

]^_ ;[LL ' Z[khexlgu_kemqZcgu_ih]j_rghklbbaf_j_gbcQlh[uijbf_gylvnhjfmem=ZmkkZg_h[oh^bfhjZkiheZ]Zlvj_amevlZlZ

fbwlZehgguobaf_j_gbc[he__lhqguodZdfbgbfmf\ljbjZaZg_`_ebl_lhqghklvdhlhjuohp_gb\Z_lkyLZdZy\hafh`ghklv\klj_qZ_lkykjZ\gbl_evghj_^dhihwlhfmqZs_ijbf_gyxlky^jm]b_kihkh[u

Ihhldehg_gbyfhlkj_^g_]hZjbnf_lbq_kdh]hKj_^g__Zjbnf_lbq_

kdh_ beb\_jhylg_cr__agZq_gb_k_jbbbaf_j_gbc ; hp_gb\Z_lkyihnhjfme_

Q

[

;

Q

LL

Kj_^gyyd\Z^jZlbq_kdZyih]j_rghklvKDI_^bgbqgh]hbaf_j_gby\uqbke_ggZy ih hldehg_gbyf hl kj_^g_]h Zjbnf_lbq_kdh]h jZkkqblu\Z_lky kihfhsvxaZ\bkbfhklb

r

Q

9

P

Q

LL

[ nhjfmeZ;_kk_ey

]^_ ;[9 LL hldehg_gbyhlkj_^g_]hZjbnf_lbq_kdh]h


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

AZl_fih^kqblu\Z_lkyKDIkj_^g_]hZjbnf_lbq_kdh]hihnhjfme_bj_amevlZluij_^klZ\eyxlky\\b^_ ;P; r

IhjZafZom5j_amevlZlh\baf_j_gbc?kebbaf_jy_lkyihklhyggZyg_baf_gyxsZyky\ijhp_kk_baf_j_gbcnbabq_kdZy\_ebqbgZlhjZafZohfj_amevlZlh\ baf_j_gbc gZau\Z_lky jZaghklv PLQPD[ [[5 gZb[hevr_]h bgZbf_gvr_]hba j_amevlZlh\baf_j_gbcIjb Q KDI _^bgbqgh]h baf_j_gbyfh`_l[ulvhp_g_gZ\wlhfkemqZ_ihnhjfme_

PLQPD[Q

[[P[

r

IHJY>HDJ?R?GBY

LZdbf h[jZahf ijb h[jZ[hld_ ijyfuo jZ\ghlhqguo baf_j_gbc fh`_l[ulvba\_klgh;bkl bebg_ba\_klgh


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

Ihnhjfme_=ZmkkZ

cr r

'r

QP

Q

LL

5

IhjZafZom

PLQPD[

PLQPD[

cr

c

c

Q

55P

555

5

Ijbf_jHij_^_eblv \_jhylg_cr__ agZq_gb_ baf_j_ggh]h k ihfhsvx JEK jZk

klhygby^hhjb_glbjZ' KDI_^bgbqgh]hbaf_j_gby 'P ihnhjfme_;_k

k_eybihjZafZomKDIkj_^g_]hZjbnf_lbq_kdh]h 'P J_amevlZlubaf_j_

gbyjZkklhygby'Lijb\_^_gu\ko_f_jZkq_lZ

J_r_gb_

ii 'Lfbeb 9Lfbeb 9L

'

Q

LL9

Ihnhjfme_;_kk_ey

|r r

r

Q

9

P

Q

LL

' fbeb

r|r r r Q

PP

'

' fbeb

IhjZafZom PLQPD[ ''5 fbeb

PLQPD[ r|r r

r

Q

''P' fbeb


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

A:>:GBY

J_amevlZlu baf_j_gbc lhc beb bghc \_ebqbgu \u[bjZxlky ba lZ[eihghf_jm\ZjbZglZQbkeZ\kdh[dZohdhehj_amevlZlh\baf_j_gbcihdZau\Zxl dhebq_kl\h h^bgZdh\uo hlkq_lh\ \ k_jbb baf_j_gbc Bkoh^gu_^Zggu_ ^ey j_r_gby aZ^Zqb \u[bjZxlky ihke_^h\Zl_evgh \h \k_o q_luj_okljhqdZo ,-./ba klhe[ph\ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo agZq_gbyf , -./GZijbf_jghf_j\ZjbZglZlh]^ZbalZ[e\u[bjZ_fke_^mxsmxk_jbxbaf_j_gbcihwlhfmghf_jm\ZjbZglZ

'L 'L

,-./

:gZeh]bqghihwlhfm`_ghf_jm\ZjbZglZijhba\h^blky\u[hjdZbkoh^guo^ZgguobalZ[eAZl_f\u[jZggu_k_jbbbaf_j_gbch[jZ[Zlu\Zxlkykhhl\_lkl\mxsbfh[jZahfdZdihdZaZgh\ijbf_jZob

Hij_^_eblv\_jhylg_cr__agZq_gb_baf_j_ggh]hkihfhsvxJEKjZkklhygby^hhjb_glbjZ ' KDI_^bgbqgh]hbaf_j_gby 'P KDIkj_^g_]h

Zjbnf_lbq_kdh]h 'P

LZ[ebpZJ_amevlZlubaf_j_gbc'Lfbeb

,-./

,

-

.

/

Hij_^_eblv\_jhylg_cr__agZq_gb_baf_j_gghck_dklZghfijb\_^_gghc \ukhlu k\_lbeZ K KDI _^bgbqgh]h baf_j_gby KP KDI kj_^g_]h

Zjbnf_lbq_kdh]h KP


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

LZ[ebpZJ_amevlZlubaf_j_gbcKL}}

,-./

,

-

.

/

GZclb \_jhylg_cr__ agZq_gb_ gZ\b]Zpbhggh]h iZjZf_ljZ JGK

>_ddZ -' KDI _^bgbqgh]hbaf_j_gby -P' KDI kj_^g_]h Zjbnf_lb

q_kdh]h-

P'

LZ[ebpZJ_amevlZlubaf_j_gbc')LnZah\u_pbdeu

,-./

,

-

.

/

Hij_^_eblv\_jhylg_cr__agZq_gb_i_e_g]Z I KDI_]h_^bgbqgh]hbaf_j_gby IP KDIkj_^g_]hZjbnf_lbq_kdh]h IP

LZ[ebpZJ_amevlZlubaf_j_gbcIL}

,-./

,

-

.

/

Hij_^_eblvKDI _^bgbqgh]h baf_j_gby k_dklZghf jZ^bmkZKhegpZ_keb_]hbklbggh_agZq_gb_\u[jZggh_bafhjkdh]h Zkljhghfbq_kdh]h _`_

]h^gbdZF:?khklZ\ey_l c F5

LZ[ebpZ

J_amevlZlubaf_j_gbc L5 }

,-./

,

-

.

/


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

[H;J:;HLD:IJYFUOG?J:


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

LZdbfh[jZahfkj_^g__\_kh\h_b]jZ_llm`_jhevijbh[jZ[hld_g_jZ\ghlhqguo baf_j_gbc dZdZy ijbgZ^e_`bl kj_^g_fm Zjbnf_lbq_kdhfm ijbjZ\ghlhqguobaf_j_gbyo

Ijbf_jJZaebqgufb kihkh[Zfb hij_^_ebeb ijhc^_ggh_ km^ghf jZkklhygb_

ieZ\Zgb_ 6 r d[ 6 r d[ 6 r d[ 6 r d[6 rd[GZclb\_jhylg_cr__agZq_gb_ijhc^_ggh]hjZkklhygbybhp_gblv_]hlhqghklv

J_r_gb_


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

A:>:GBY

Bkoh^gu_ ^Zggu_ \u[bjZxlky ba lZ[ebp b ih ghf_jm \ZjbZglZGZijbf_j\ZjbZglG?CDJ:LBQ?KDHCIH=J?RGHKLBKDINMGDPBB

H;SB?K?GBY

Ih]j_rghklv\uqbke_gbynmgdpbb]baf_j_gguo\_ebqbg[\Whij_^_ey_lkyih]j_rghklyfbbaf_j_gguo \_ebqbgb \b^hfnmgdpbhgZevghc aZ\bkbfhklb

?kebnmgdpbyaZ^ZgZ\h[s_f\b^_ W\[I]

]^_ j_amevlZlu baf_j_gbc g_aZ\bkbfu ^jm] hl ^jm]ZKDInmgdpbbfh`_l[ulvjZkkqblZgZihh[s_cnhjfme_


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

W\[] PW

]P

\

]P

[

]P

w

w

w

w

w

w

]^_W

]

\

]

[

]

ww

ww

ww

qZklgu_ijhba\h^gu_nmgdpbb]ihi_j_f_gguf[\W

W\[ PPP KDIj_amevlZlh\baf_j_gbc\_ebqbg[\W

JZaf_jghklvqZklguoijhba\h^guoh^bgZdh\ZkjZaf_jghklvxbkoh^guonmgdpbcJZaf_jghklvKDIbaf_j_gbci_j_^\uqbke_gb_fg_h[oh^bfhijb\_klbdjZaf_jghklbkhhl\_lkl\mxsboiZjZf_ljh\\h[s_cnhjfme_

IHJY>HDJ:KQ?L:

Ihbkoh^ghcnhjfme_jZkkqblu\Z_lkyagZq_gb_nmgdpbb]


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

:GBY

Bkoh^gu_^Zggu_ijb\_^_gu\lZ[eb\u[bjZxlkyihghf_jm\ZjbZglZGZijbf_jghf_j\ZjbZglZlh]^ZbalZ[e\u[_j_f

K

,

K D PKP

D

- . /

D

PK

PD

:gZeh]bqghijhba\h^blky\u[hjdZbkoh^guo^Zgguoih \ZjbZglm balZ[e


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

LZ[ebpZ,-./

,Kf -_f

.Kf

/_f


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

HIJ?>?E?GB?F?KL:KM>G:IH>


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

ebikhf ih]j_rghkl_c k \_jhylghklvx ihiZ^Zgby \ g_]h bklbggh]h f_klZJ b djm]h\hc beb jZ^bZevghc kj_^g_c d\Z^jZlbq_kdhc ih]j_rghklvxFk\_jhylghklvxJ M]hei_j_k_q_gbyebgbciheh`_gbyT[_j_lkyêy^ZgguojZkq_lh\hkljucTbk\yaZgkm]ehff_`^mgZijZ\e_gbyfb]jZ^b_glh\ WWW ' ke_^mxsbfbkhhlghr_gbyfb

T _'W__kebd_'W_dT _'W__kebd_'W_dT _'W__kebd_'W_dT _'W__kebd_'W_d

:gZeblbq_kdbc jZkq_lwe_f_glh\ weebikZ ih]j_rghklb

Ihemhkb weebikZ ih]j_rghklb D b E \uqbkeyxlky k bkihevah\Zgb_fnhjfme:iheehgby

VLQVLQ

T

TPPPPED

r r

]^_PeiKDIebgbbiheh`_gbyGZijZ\e_gb_[hevrhcihemhkbhij_^_ey_lkyhlghkbl_evghgZijZ\e_gby

[he__lhqghcebgbbiheh`_gbyêydhlhjhcei eiPLQ_kebei!eilhei PLQbebei eiPD[ei eiPLQ

FRV

VLQWJ

PLQ

PD[ T

TD

P

P

]^_Dm]hef_`^mgZijZ\e_gb_f[hevrhcihemhkbb[he__ lhqghcebgb_ciheh`_gbyhldeZû\Z_lky\gmljbhkljh]hm]eZTf_`^mebgbyfbiheh`_gby

GZijZ\e_gb_ [hevrhc ihemhkb hlghkbl_evgh bklbggh]h f_jb^bZgZ LZhij_^_ey_lky\ujZ`_gb_f

LZ W

rrD

]^_WgZijZ\e_gb_]jZ^b_glZ[he__lhqghcebgbbiheh`_gbyêydhlhjhcei eiPLQ

AgZd beb i_j_^ \u[bjZ_lky \uqbkebl_e_f jmdh\h^kl\mykvkhh[jZ`_gbyfbm^h[kl\Z\uqbke_gbcl__kebgZijbf_jW lhi_j_êmqr_\aylvagZdZ_kebW lhi_j_êmqr_\aylvagZd

AgZdbebi_j_^Dhij_^_ey_lkyke_^mxsbfh[jZahfjbkHleh`blvhlghkbl_evghbklbggh]hf_jb^bZgZgZijZ\e_gbyWbW I_ji_g^bdmeyjgh gZijZ\e_gbyf W b W ijh\_klb ebgbb iheh`_gby

,b,,H[hagZqblvhkljucm]heTf_`^mebgbyfbiheh`_gbyHij_^_eblv[he__lhqgmxebgbxiheh`_gbyêydhlhjhcei PLQHlgZijZ\e_gby[he__lhqghcebgbbiheh`_gby\gmljvhkljh]hm]eZT

hleh`blvD?kebijbwlhfDhldeZû\Z_lkyihqZkh\hcklj_ed_lhi_j_^D


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

klZ\blkyagZd_keb`_DhldeZ^u\Z_lkyijhlb\qZkh\hcklj_edblhi_j_^DklZ\blkyagZd

D

,,,

T

,,,

D

T

W

W

Jbk

Ihjy^hd^_ckl\bc

AZg_klb\lZ[ebpmagZq_gbyKDIbaf_j_gbygZ\b]ZpbhgguoiZjZf_ljh\P8

GZclbKDIebgbciheh`_gbyJ

PP 8


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

JZkq_ljZ^bZevghc ih]j_rghklb

JZ^bZevgZy djm]h\Zy ih]j_rghklv hij_^_e_gby f_klZ jZkkqblu\Z_lkyihnhjfme_

VLQ

PP0

T

=J:NH:G:EBLBQ?KDH?J?R?GB?

=jZnhZgZeblbq_kdh_ j_r_gb_ \dexqZ_l \ k_[y ZgZeblbq_kdbc jZkq_lwe_f_glh\ebgbciheh`_gbyWb'Qb]jZnbq_kdmxboijhdeZ^dm^eygZoh`^_gbyh[k_j\h\ZgghclhqdbZlZd`_ZgZeblbq_kdb_b]jZnbq_kdb_hi_jZpbbihhij_^_e_gbxiZjZf_ljh\weebikZih]j_rghkl_cJ_amevlZlujZkq_lh\aZghkylky\h[smxlZ[ebpm\b^Z

8 '8 J W

J

8Q

' ' P8 J

PP 8

P

3

W

3

eykqbkebfuogZ\b]ZpbhgguoiZjZf_ljh\jZkkqblZlvfh^meb]jZ^b_glh\JLbogZijZ\e_gbyWLbkf_s_gbyebgbciheh`_gby'QL

Hl kqbkebfhc lhqdbKijheh`blvgZijZ\e_gby ]jZ^b_glh\ W W ihwlbfgZijZ\e_gbyfhleh`blv\uqbke_ggu_jZg__i_j_ghkuebgbciheh`_gby'Q'Qiheh`bl_evgu_i_j_ghkuhldeZ^u\ZxlkyihgZijZ\e_gbx]jZ^b_glh\ZhljbpZl_evgu_\ijhlb\hiheh`ghfgZijZ\e_gbbhlf_lblvhij_^_eyxsb_lhqdbDDbgZg_klbebgbbiheh`_gby,,,,,,


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

,,

,

,

,,

1

&

.

'Q 'Q

W

W

0

.

':

'M':

'O

M

& 0

J

J


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

PLQPD[ 33T

Ijh\_klb[bkk_dljbkmm]eZf_`^mbklbgguff_jb^bZghfbaZfudZx

sbf\_dlhjhfT y\eyxsmxkygZijZ\e_gb_ffZehcihemhkbLEI_ji_g^bdm

eyjghijhc^_lihemhkvLD

W

W

7E

7E

7E

7D

1

T

3

3

Hij_^_eblvkmffm\_kh\wd\b\Ze_glguoebgbciheh`_gbydZdZe]_[jZbq_kdmxkmffm\_kh\\k_oebgbciheh`_gby

333


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

:gZeblbq_kdh_ j_r_gb_


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

DE

fbeb

DE

fbeb

Z Z |fbebE E |fbeb

Pei!Pei l_ Pei PeiPD[ Pei PeiPLQ l_ W

W

WJ

$$

DDD

D

T

W

W

,,

,,

,,

LZddZdDhldeZ^u\Z_lkyijhlb\qZkh\hc klj_edb lh\_ebqbgZDbf__lagZd

LZ

JZkq_lwe_f_glh\ weebikZ ih]j_rghkl_ckbkihevah\Zgb_f ijbeh`_gby FL

PLQ

PD[ |

P

PO

BalZ[eIjbeh`_gbyihO bT _'W_ |DD D |fbebDE E |fbebM LD

JZkq_ljZ^bZevghc djm]h\hcih]j_rghklb

| F fbeb


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

=jZnhZgZeblbq_kdh_ j_r_gb_


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

Kq_jl_`Z_T _ kf _^\_kZ LE LD

3 JPD[ JPLQ

D fbeb

E fbeb

ey dZ`^h]h hjb_glbjZijb\_^_gukqbkebfu_bh[k_j\h\Zggu_agZq_gbygZ\b]ZpbhgguoiZjZf_ljh\

G_h[oh^bfuc\jZkq_l_\b^b agZq_gbygZ\b]ZpbhgguoiZjZf_ljh\hij_^_eyxlkyghf_jhfaZ^Zqb\dhlhjhfi_j\ZypbnjZhagZqZ_lghf_j\ZjbZglZlZ[e\lhjZykihkh[hij_^_e_gbyi_e_g]i_j\h]hhjb_glbjZbjZkklhygb_^h\lhjh]h i_e_g]bh[hbohjb_glbjh\jZkklhygb_^hi_j\h]hhjb_glbjZbi_e_g]\lhjh]hke_^mxsb_^\_pbnju aZ ^jh[vx hagZqZxl ghf_jZ hjb_glbjh\ \ \u[jZgghf \ZjbZgl_ aZ^ZqbGZijbf_jghf_jhagZqZ_lqlhbkoh^gu_^Zggu_hlghkylkydh\lhjhfm\ZjbZglm lZ[e ijb wlhf \u[bjZ_lky i_e_g] i_j\h]h hjb_glbjZ b jZkklhygb_^h\lhjh]hhjb_glbjZ\dZq_kl\_i_j\h]hhjb_glbjZ kem`blhjb_glbjih^ghf_jhf\dZq_kl\_\lhjh]hih^ghf_jhf

q'


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

HIJ?>?E?GB??GBY

Ba[ulhqghklvbaf_j_gbch[_ki_qb\Z_ldhgljhevbij_^hojZgy_lhl]jm[uoijhfZoh\^Z_l \hafh`ghklv ihemqblv [he__ lhqgu_ j_amevlZlu b hp_gblvboih]j_rghklb @ PLQ S99

]^_

SP

S

\_kebgbbiheh`_gby

J

PP 8 KDIebgbbiheh`_gby

9g_ba\_klgZyihijZ\dZ^eyijb\_^_gbyd\_jhylg_cr_fmf_klmhij_^_ey_lkymjZ\g_gbyfbihijZ\hd\b^Z

LLLL 9O:ED ''M

:'' M \_jhylg_crb_ agZq_gby g_ba\_klguo ijbjZs_gbc rbjhlu bhlr_kl\bydhlhju_\^Zevg_cr_f[m^mlh[hagZqZlvkydZd'Mb':

HlukdZgb_\_jhylg_cr_]hf_klZkm^gZbhp_gdZ_]hlhqghklbfh`_l\uihegylvky^\mfykihkh[ZfbZgZeblbq_kdbb]jZnhZgZeblbq_kdb

:G:EBLBQ?KDH?J?R?GB?

:gZeblbq_kdh_j_r_gb_\uihegy_lkygZWD


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

8

8' 8P J W WFRV D WVLQ EJ

8O

' OEDV

8P

J3

SDD SDE SDO SDV SEE SEO SEV SOO

>SDD@ >SDE@ >SDO@ >SDV@ >SEE@ >SEO@ >SEV@ >SOO@

I_j\Zy qZklv lZ[ebpu jZkkqblu\Z_lkyb aZihegy_lky ZgZeh]bqgh dZd \ij_^u^ms_cjZ[hl_^eyoebgbciheh`_gbySDD@ >SDE@ >SDO@ >SDV@>SEE@ >SEO@ >SEV@ >SOO@ AZl_f \uihegy_lky dhgljhev j_amevlZlh\ jZkq_lZ ihnhjfmeZf

>jZZ@>jZE@>jZO@ >jZV@

>jZE@>jEE@>jEO@ >jEV@

J_amevlZlu^he`gukoh^blvky\ij_^_eZo^hKbkl_fZghjfZevguomjZ\g_gbc\b^Z

>jZZ@'M>jZE@':>jZO@ >jZE@'M>jEE@':>jEO@

j_rZ_lkykihfhsvxhij_^_ebl_e_c

f

f:

f

f:'' ' ' MM

]^_> >jZZ@>jEE@>jZE@]eZ\guchij_^_ebl_ev>'M >jEO@>jZE@>jZO@>jEE@qZklguchij_^_ebl_ev>': >jZO@>jZE@>jEO@>jZZ@qZklguchij_^_ebl_ev

MO

FRV

:' '

MR MF'MOR OF'OLhqghklv \_jhylg_cr_]hf_klZ km^gZ ijb ZgZeblbq_kdhf j_r_gbb fh

`_lhp_gb\Zlvkyweebilbq_kdhcih]j_rghklvxihnhjfmeZf

f

TSEESDDE

f

TSEESDDD

@>@>

@>@>

]^_ @>@>@> SDESEESDDT GZijZ\e_gb_ [hevrhc ihemhkb weebikZ hlghkbl_evgh bklbggh]h f_jb

^bZgZhij_^_ey_lky\ujZ`_gb_f

@>@>

@>WJ

SEESDD

SDE7D

G_h[oh^bfh hij_^_eblv q_l\_jlv \ dhlhjhc e_`bl m]he LZ jmdh\h^kl\mykvke_^mxsbfbkhhlghr_gbyfb


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

@>@>

FRV@>

VLQT

SEESDD7

T

SDE7 DD

LZe_`bl\,q_l\_jlb_keb FRVVLQ !! DD 77LZe_`bl\h,,q_l\_jlb_keb FRVVLQ ! DD 77LZe_`bl\,,,q_l\_jlb_keb FRVVLQ DD 77LZe_`bl\,9q_l\_jlb_keb FRVVLQ ! DD 77Ihke_hij_^_e_gbyq_l\_jlb LZgm`ghihemqblviheh`bl_evgh_agZq_

gb_m]eZLZ\wlhcq_l\_jlbZaZl_fi_j_clbdagZq_gbxLZ

=J:NH:G:EBLBQ?KDH?J?R?GB?

:gZeblbq_kdbc jZkq_l ijhf_`mlhqguo j_amevlZlh\ \uihegy_lky gZWD


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

MR MF'MOR OF'O

Lhqghklvhij_^_e_gby\_jhylg_cr_]hf_klZkm^gZhp_gb\Z_lkyweebilbq_kdhcih]j_rghklvxkihfhsvxwd\b\Ze_glguoebgbciheh`_gbylh_klvkihkljh_gb_fiheb]hgZ\_kh\Wlhlkihkh[ih^jh[ghhibkZg\jZa^_e_HDJ?R?GBY

Ijbf_jJ_rblvaZ^Zqm^eydhlhjhc\u[jZggu_balZ[ebpubkoh^gu_^Zggu_bf_xlke_^mxsbc\b^

hjjZ IF} IR} 'Ffbeb 'Rfbeb

MK 6 OK ?

:gZeblbq_kdh_ j_r_gb_

Ijhf_`mlhqgu_j_amevlZlujZkq_lZk\_^_f\lZ[ebpm]^_ FR 888 '

FF qr q

qr r

qqJ'

JP'P

'q'

FqqR'

WW

hjb_glbjZ8 I ' '

'8 P8 r r rJ

W

D FRVW E VLQW

J

8O

'

OEDV

8P

J3

SDD >SDD@

SDE >SDE@ SDO >SDO@


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

hjb_glbjZ8 I ' '

SDV >SDV@ SEE >SEE@

SEO >SEO@

SEV >SEV@

Dhgljhevj_amevlZlh\jZkq_lZ^Z_l>SDD@>SDE@>SDO@ >SDV@ >SDE@>SEE@>SEO@ >SEV@

J_amevlZlufh]mlhlebqZlvkygZaZkq_lih]j_rghkl_chdjm]e_gbyqbk_e

AZibr_fkbkl_fmghjfZevguomjZ\g_gbckjZkkqblZggufbdhwnnbpb_glZfb

'M': 'M': JZkkqblZ_fhij_^_ebl_ebkbkl_fumjZ\g_gbc> >'M >':

| ' 'f

f MM d1

| ' 'f

f: : d:

FRV

FRV

| q

' 'F

:M

O d:

MF 6 OF ?'M d1 'O d:MR 6 OR ?

JZkkqblZ_f\kihfh]Zl_evgmx\_ebqbgmTbiZjZf_lju weebikZih]j_rghkl_c

T

|

D fbeb

|

E fbeb

WJ

7D

VLQ

D7


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

FRV D7

Ke_^h\Zl_evghm]heLZe_`bl\hcq_l\_jlbLZ l_LZ LZ

=jZnhZgZeblbq_kdh_ j_r_gb_

Ijhf_`mlhqgu_j_amevlZlujZkq_lZaZg_k_f\lZ[ebpm

8 8' J W Q' LM T

W'8P

P 3 W LM3

I

r r

'

r r

'

r r

3 LM3

JZkkqblZ_f\_kZ\_jrbgnb]mjuih]j_rghkl_cJLMJ JJVLQT VLQ J JJVLQT VLQ J JJVLQT VLQ

IhiZjZf_ljZf W b'i \uihegbfijhdeZ^dm ebgbciheh`_gby \fZkrlZ[_ kf fbeybijh\_jbfagZq_gbym]eh\Tf_`^mebgbyfbiheh`_gby

,9

,9

9

9

,,

,,

3

3

3

MFOF

7D

7E

T

T

T

Kgbf_fkijhdeZ^dbijbjZs_gbydhhj^bgZl\ijbgylhffZkrlZ[_'M ':

'M ':

'M ':


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

JZkkqblZ_f\_jhylg_crb_dhhj^bgZlu

'M d1

': d:

FRV

FRV

q

' 'M

O : d:

MF 6 OF ?'M d1 'O d:MR 6 OR ?

GZg_k_f gZjbkmghdh[k_j\h\Zggmxlhqdmihihemq_ggufijbjZs_gbyfdhhj^bgZl'Mb':>eyhp_gdblhqghklbihemq_ggh]h\_jhylg_cr_]hf_klZ\k_g_h[oh^bfu_^Zggu_êyjZkq_lZbf_xlky\ijb\_^_gghc\ur_lZ[ebp_

Ihkljhbfiheb]hg\_kh\ihke_^h\Zl_evghkdeZû\Zy\_dlhjuêbghcJei gZijZ\e_ggu_ ih^ m]eZfb W dZd hibkZgh \ jZa^_e_ FZkrlZ[ ihkljh_gbyiheb]hgZ\_kh\g_h[oh^bfh\u[jZlvkZfhklhyl_evghkl_fqlh[ujbkmghdihf_klbekyijbf_jghgZiheh\bgml_ljZ^gh]hebklZ


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

PLQ

PD[

T33

T33

:GBY


&RS\ULJKW>hf[bgkdbc

LZ[ebpZGZ\b]Zpbhggu_iZjZf_lju

hjb_glbjZIF} IR} 'Ffbeb 'Rfbeb

Kqbkebfu_dhhj^bgZlu

MF 6

OF ?

EBL?J:LMJ:

Dh`moh\

Математические основы судовождения

Documents