“บบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบ บบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบ บบบบบบ บบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบ บบบบบบ บบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบ บบบบบบบบบบ” “Understanding the background of the community was a valuable key that the researcher should bear in mind in reaching all levels of the grass-root of the community and enhancing sustainable development.” “... บบบบบบบบบบบบบบบ บบบบบบบบ บบบบบบบบบบ บบบบบบบบบบบบบบบ บบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบ บบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบ บบบบบบบบ บบบบบบบบบบบบบบ ...”
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
“Understanding the background of the community was a valuable key that the researcher should bear in mind in reaching all levels of the grass-root of the community and enhancing sustainable development.”
“... ชุ�มชุนบ านโนนวิ�ด้ ขอขอบคุ�ณ ภาคุ�ห้ล�กในขบวินการีพั�ฒนาน�, และจะธำ�ารีงข�มทรี�พัย.ของแผ่�นด้�นน�,ไวิ เพั)�อสิ่าธำารีณะชุน สิ่�งคุมโลก ตรีาบนานเท�านาน ...”“… Ban Non Wat Community would like to express their sincere appreciation to the main research sectors and would preserve their rich cultural and natural
resources for public and global use as long as possible.”
Ban Non Wat Archaeological Sites, which had been studied for a long time by interested group of archaeologists, were considered as the great and valuable knowledge source of the past of Southeast Asia and of the world.
การค้�นค้ว้�าว้�จัยทางโบราณค้ดี�ท��หมู่��บ�านโนนว้ดี ตำ�าบลพลสงค้รามู่ อำ�าเภอำโนนส�ง จังหว้ดีนค้รราชส�มู่า เร��มู่ขึ้#$นโดียค้ณะขึ้อำงศาสตำราจัารย'ชาร'ล ไฮแอำมู่ จัากมู่หาว้�ทยาลยโอำทาโก ประเทศน�ว้ซี�แลนดี' (Prof. Charles
Higham, University of Otago, New Zealand) ร�ว้มู่กบนกว้�จัย
ชาว้ไทย ในโค้รงการศ#กษาว้�จัยทางโบราณค้ดี� เร/�อำง “การีพั�ฒนาการีเป็�นผ่1 น�าในย�คุเห้ล6ก (The Development of an Iron Age
Chiefdom)” ตำ$งแตำ�ป0 พ1ทธศกราช 2547 เป3นตำ�นมู่า การค้�นพบทางโบราณค้ดี�ท��ทรงค้1ณค้�า ณ พ/$นท��แห�งน�$ ประกอำบกบศกยภาพขึ้อำงช1มู่ชนและภาค้�ร�ว้มู่พฒนา เร��มู่ตำ$งแตำ�ภารก�จัการตำ�างประเทศ ส�านกงานค้ณะกรรมู่การว้�จัยแห�งชาตำ� (ว้ช.) กรมู่ศ�ลปากร ตำลอำดีจันสถาบนการศ#กษาตำ�างๆ ในพ/$นท�� ท�าให�มู่�การศ#กษาตำ�อำเน/�อำงในโค้รงการตำ�อำมู่า ค้/อำ โค้รงการว้�จัยทางโบราณค้ดี� เร/�อำง “Environment Change and Society before Angkor : Ban Non Wat and the Upper Mun River Catchments in Prehistory” โดียค้ณะขึ้อำง ดีร.ไนเจัล ชาง จัากมู่หาว้�ทยาลยเจัมู่ส'ค้1กประเทศอำอำสเตำรเล�ย (Dr. Nigel Chang, James cook University, Australia) และนกว้�จัยชาว้ไทยท��ร �ว้มู่ดี�าเน�นการอำย�างตำ�อำเน/�อำงตำ$งแตำ�ระยะแรก ไดี�แก� ดีร.รชน� ทศรตำน' ดีร.อำ�าพน ก�จังามู่ และผู้��ช�ว้ยศาสตำราจัารย' ดีร. ว้รชย ว้�ร�ยารมู่ภ'
The Study of Archaeology at BanNon wat, Pol Sub-district, Nonsung District Nakhon Rartchasima
The study of Ban Non Wat Archaeological Site was initially carried out by Professor Dr. Charles Higham of University of Ohio, new Zealand together with Thai researchers under the topic of The Development of the Iron Age Chiefdom since A.D.2004. The valuable discovery at Ban Non Wat was the result of the co-operation between the community and the developmental sectors, which comprised the International Affairs Division of the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT), the Fine Arts Department, and all the local education organizations. This led to the further study of the next archaeological research topic called “Environment Change and Society before Angor Wat: Ban Non Wat and the Upper Mun River Catchments in Prehistory” by the research team of Dr.
Nigel Chang from James Cook University of Australia and Dr. Ratchanie Thosarat, Dr. Ampan Kit-ngam and Asst. Prof. Dr. Wichai Wiriyarom.-the Thai researchers, who was involved in the study since the beginning.
A lot of archaeological evidences discovered from the excavation included the range of 4 prehistorical periods- the Neolithic Age, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age up to the historical periods- Dravarti , Khmer, Ayuthaya and modern period.
The discovery revealed the ways of living of the prehistoric society at Ban Non Wat. At that time, it was an agricultural community. These people learnt how to grow rice, raise animals. A lot of remains of rice were found at the burial sites. Items found at the burial sites
included chicken bones, chicken eggs dated around 2,000 years, pig bones, dog bones, sea shells and fish bones.
It was found that this community practiced the burial ceremony and these people in the society were classified into classes. Evidence proved that there were different classes of people which were revealed by the artefacts buried with the dead. These artefacts included earthen pots, gold beads, and brace laces. Moreover, it was found that 607 skeletons of people including adults and children were found at Ban Non Wat Site, which was considered to be the largest number of skeletons ever found in Thailand. Thus the findings yielded a lot of interesting information.
This was also the first time in Thailand to find that the corpses of the adults were found buried in the big jar dated around 4,000 years. As a matter of fact, it was usually a common practice that most of children corpses would be buried in the pots. However the corpses of the New Stone Age were buried in the lying position with the face upward along with the personal belongings such as earthen pots, pig bones, shells. For the burial ceremony of Bronze Age, the corpse of the adult was buried in the lying position. Only the corpses of the young children were buried in the pots.
The importance of the archaeological knowledge of the human beings discovered from the findings should be disseminated and accessible for the learning of all sectors.
Classification and organization system of academic information should be set up and the continuation of the further study especially for the community and young people should be developed.
Ban Non Wat Prehistoric Community had been established with a range of over 200 generations. It was found that the area of Ban Non Wat was plentiful with water resource and was suitable for agriculture especially for growing rice, and raising animals. In addition, tools for living were also made from stones and these people learnt to weave cloth and made earthen ware pots. There was also the burial site for communal burial ceremony.
“Since arriving here, nobody would expect that there existed such a very old community in South East Asia. We have discovered archaeological evidence which have never been found before. Evidence such as
earthen pots with the unique designs dated over thousands of years old in Thailand.”
“From the three archaeological sites at Ban Non Wat, there were important prehistoric community evidences, which revealed that there had been continuation of the settlement of the people for over 4,000 years starting from the prehistoric period , the late New Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age to the historical period of Dravati, Khmer, Ayuthaya and probably Ratanakosin period. This was considered to be one of the oldest archaeological site in Thailand.”
“The discovery of the prehistoric evidence of Ban Non Wat revealed that our Thai ancestors existed over 4,000 years. If the study was to be seriously carried on, we would be able to understand the story of our ancestors from the prehistoric period to our present time. Evidence discovered can be reckoned that these archaeological data found newest and most important in our world at present.
รี�ชุน� ทศึรี�ตน.Professor Dr. Charles Higham Dr. Amphan Kijngam Dr. Ratchanie Thosarat
โคุรีงการีวิ�จ�ยทางโบรีาณคุด้�ชุ�วิงท�� 1 : การีพั�ฒนาการีเป็�นผ่1 น�าในย�คุเห้ล6ก First Stage of Archaeological Research : The Development of an Iron Age Chiefdom
การส�ารว้จัแหล�งโบราณค้ดี�บ�านโนนว้ดีก�อำนท��จัะมู่�การขึ้1ดีค้�นทางโบราณค้ดี� เร��มู่ตำ�นมู่าจัากการส�ารว้จัแหล�งโบราณค้ดี� โดีย ศาสตำราจัารย'ชาร'ล ไฮแอำมู่ (Prof.Dr. Charles Higham) และดีร.รชน� ทศรตำน' โดียไดี�รบอำน1ญ่าตำจัากส�านกงานค้ณะกรรมู่การว้�จัยแห�งชาตำ� (ว้ช.) ให�เขึ้�ามู่าศ#กษาค้�นค้ว้�าทางโบราณค้ดี� โดียค้ว้ามู่ร�ว้มู่มู่/อำกบกรมู่ศ�ลปากรในโค้รงการว้�จัย เร/�อำง “The Development of an Iron Age Chiefdom”
The archaeological survey at Ban Non Wat Village took place after the previous archaeological survey done by Prof. Charles Higham and Dr. Ratchanee Tosaratana, who were granted permission by the office of the National Research Council of Thailand to carry on the archaeological study with the cooperation of the Fine Arts Department on “The Development of an Iron Age Chiefdom”.
Ban Non Wat Archaeological Site was first excavated in 2001 to study the living of the prehistoric people before they developed into the civilization of historic period. The reason for choosing this village as the study site was that there was evidence of the existence of ancient Khmer Civilization. Examples of the evidence of ancient Khmer civilization were Phimai Ruins, Panomwan Ruins, and Panomrung Ruins. These sites were once the kingdom where an important ancient Khmer dynasty, Mahitornpura, originated
Evidence from the excavation showed that the settlement of the prehistoric community at Ban Nonwat was established as the first agricultural community, which dated back between 2,100 to 1,250 years ago. This period covered a long range of prehistoric periods - the New Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age to the early historical period. This was similar to the long historical background of Ban Chieng. Moreover, this site was appropriate for the study of the continuation of the ancient culture because the site is the most ideal site for the prehistoric study in Thailand.
โคุรีงการีวิ�จ�ยทางโบรีาณคุด้�ชุ�วิงท�� 2 : การีเป็ล��ยนแป็ลงของสิ่�งคุมและสิ่��งแวิด้ล อมก�อนอารียธำรีรีมเขมรี ในบรี�เวิณบ านโนนวิ�ด้ และแถบล��มแม�น�,าม1ลตอนบนในชุ�วิงสิ่ม�ยก�อนป็รีะวิ�ต�ศึาสิ่ตรี.Second Stage of Archaeological Research : Environment Change and Society before Angkor: Ban Non and the Upper Mun River Catchments in Prehistory
4. ส�ารว้จัและขึ้1ดีค้�นช$นดี�น (Columns of soil) เพ/�อำว้�เค้ราะห'ว้�ว้ฒนาการขึ้อำงพ/ชและการเปล��ยนแปลงขึ้อำงส��งแว้ดีล�อำมู่ในหมู่/�นป0ขึ้อำงบร�เว้ณตำ�างๆ ในพ/$นท��ช1มู่น�$าในจังหว้ดีนค้รราชส�มู่าเพ/�อำเท�ยบเค้�ยงกบบ�านโนนว้ดี
Researchers at Ban Non Wat Archaeological Site, Tambon Polsongkram, Nonsung District Nakhon Ratchasima had discovered a lot of evidences, concerning the ways of living, the society and its culture of the prehistoric people including the economic change during the past 5,000 years. Thus, the researchers felt that it was essential to study further for more details at Ban Non Wat by studying the column of the earth in other districts in Nakhon Ratchasima. The following issues were being investigated.
1. to excavate new archaeological site at Ban Non Wat for evidences concerning the occupation and the culture of burial ceremonies from different periods.
2. to survey and analyze the geographical and geological features and the environment of the catchment area of Ban Non Wat, which would affect the living of the people there in the past.
3. to compile information and set up geographical information system concerning Ban Non Wat, in which the Fine Arts Department can access the information.
4. to survey and excavate the columns of soil in order to analyze the evolution of the vegetation and the environmental change in the course of 10,000 years in various areas of the wetland in Nakhon Ratchasima in comparison to that area of Ban Non Wat.
คุวิามเป็�นมาบ านโนนวิ�ด้ Ban Non Wat Historical Background
Ban Non Wat was originally a sub-district named Tambon Non Wat. It was located in Non Sung District, Nakhon Ratchasima. Later in 2004, the name of Klang District was officially changed to Non Sung District and Tambon Pone Songkram was changed into Pol Songkram. Besides, Ban Non Wat and Ban Marum were added together to become Ban Marum Mu 2. Since Ban Marum Mu2 was too big for the local administration, it was later divided into two sub-districts: Tambon Pon Songkram and Tambon Makha . Ban Non Wat and Ban Marum had changed to Mu7 and became parts of Tambon Pon Songkram .
In 1982, Ban Non Wat was separated from the administration of Ban Marum Mu7 to become Ban Non Wat Mu11 with Mr Charun Chongyorklang as the head of the village responsible for the administrating of Ban Non Wat until the present time.
ป:จัจั1บนจั#งเร�ยนกว้�าบ�านโนนว้ดี บร�เว้ณโดียรอำบหมู่��บ�านจัะมู่�ค้นดี�นล�อำมู่รอำบ สามู่ช$น ทางดี�านท�ศตำะว้นอำอำก ท�ศตำะว้นตำก และท�ศเหน/อำ ส�ว้นทางดี�านท�ศใตำ�ป:จัจั1บนถ�กชาว้บ�านเอำารถไถดีนอำอำกเพ/�อำใช�พ/$นท��ในการท�าเกษตำรกรรมู่*The origin of the name of Ban Non Wat derived from geographical features of the village which was a small mound, and there was an old temple located on the west of the village. There was a Bot, the temple chapel, in the middle of the village. At present, this area is thus called Ban Non Wat. The village was surrounded by the rows of trenches in the east, the west and the north. The southern trench was leveled by the farmers to be used for agricultural purpose.
From aerial photographs taken and a walk survey around the village, Ban Non Wat Archaeological Site was surrounded by three rows of moats and trenches. Furthermore, remains of earthen wares
with rope pressing design and the fractures of the prehistoric people’s bones were found.
Pro. Dr. Charles Higham, Otago University, New Zealand
“The first settlers in this area arrived here approximately 4,000 years ago. What they found was the land covered with thick forests, swamps and streams with amazing animals such as tigers, guars, barking deer, rhinoceros, buffaloes, fish and a variety of fresh water shells. The land is plentiful of food. They used stone axes to cut trees and to prowl land for paddy field. They had no problem finding food. They were strongly built.
Prof. Dr. Charles Higham, Otago University, New Zealand
Neolith began around 3,000 to 3,700 years ago. In this period, man learnt to make tools from natural materials and the tools were efficient and useful for their living. This age was the beginning of the permanent settlement of man.
The archaeological evidence from Ban Non Wat gave the researchers a lot of details in describing ways of living of the prehistoric people. Researchers found animal bones such as guars, barking deer, turtle shells, sea shells and pottery with the scratching designs.
Skeletons of human were buried in the position of bent knees horizontally and vertically. These skeletons dated approximately 3050-3750 years ago. The burial positions were similar to those buried in the Neolithic age. However, the burial positions of bent knees were popular among the first group of prehistoric people, who did not know how to plant crops and raised
animals. They were dependent on natural food both plants and animals gathered from the wild. Otherwise, it could be inferred that these people were the local ancestors of the present Ban Non Wat residents. Later the new group of immigrants arrived and settled in this area. These people brought with them new knowledge for doing agriculture and new culture of burial ceremony. This assumption need to be proven and supported by scientific study.
หน#�งในการขึ้1ดีค้�นทางโบราณค้ดี� มู่�การพบศพผู้��ใหญ่�ถ�กบรรจั1ในภาชนะดี�นเผู้าขึ้นาดีใหญ่� มู่�อำาย1อำย��ในย1ค้ห�นใหมู่�ราว้ 4,000 ป0มู่าแล�ว้ ซี#�งถ/อำว้�าเป3นเร/�อำงแปลก เน/�อำงจัากส�ว้นใหญ่�ศพท��ถ�กบรรจั1อำย��ในโอำ�งหร/อำไหจัะเป3นศพขึ้อำงเดี9กมู่ากกว้�า และนอำกจัากน�$ยงเป3นการฝั:งศพค้ร$งท��สอำง โดียการน�าศพผู้��ตำายไปฝั:งไว้�จันเน�าเปC� อำยและจั#งขึ้1ดีเอำาช�$นส�ว้นกระดี�กมู่าจัดีว้างเร�ยงในภาชนะดี�นเผู้า ถ/อำเป3นการค้�นพบท��สมู่บ�รณ' และระบ1อำาย1ท��ชดีเจัน เป3นค้ร$งแรกในภ�มู่�ภาค้เอำเช�ยตำะว้นอำอำกเฉ�ยงใตำ� แตำ�สาเหตำ1ท��ศพน�$ถ�กน�าไปบรรจั1ในภาชนะเตำาเผู้าค้งตำ�อำงรอำการศ#กษาตำ�อำไป Researchers had found a big earthen ware pot with the remains of an adult’s skeleton dated around 4,000 years ago. This discovery was considered to be
unfamiliar because most of the dead bodies buried in a jar were normally young children rather than adults. In addition, a second burial ceremony was also a practice for these people. The practice was that the corpse was first buried in the ground until the flesh was rotten away. Then, the bones were dug and placed in the pot. The discovery was complete and the age could be identified. This discovery was the first to be found in Southeast Asia. However the reasons for the second burial was not yet known and needed for further study.
เศษกระดี�กสตำว้'บกและสตำว้'น�$า รว้มู่ท$งสตำว้'ป0ก เปล/อำกหอำยขึ้มู่ หอำยนา หอำยโขึ้�งบ#ง หอำยกาบOther remains of land animal bones, fresh water animals including birds, and fresh water shells were also found in the burial sites.
Another interesting evidence was the remains of rice found in the fresh-water shells and the remains of rice near the young children’s and adults’ skeletons. It could be inferred that these people ate rice as their staple food. Rice was the source of carbohydrate and was used as part of the burial ceremony for over 4,000 years ago.
Earthen wares were excavated evidences, which were often found with the skeleton at Ban Non Wat The earthen wares found at Ban Nonwat were shiny or decorated with scratches, or painted with color dye. Some designs found on the pots included dots or prints of seals or painted with natural color or red slip.
Most tools for their daily living use were either made from stone such as stone axes, grinder, or made from animal bones such as needles, or pointed tools.
Bronze Age began around 2,500- 3,000 years ago. Bronze Age was the period that human beings could develop more efficient tools because they learn to make alloy from copper, tin and lead which was known as bronze. According to academic experts, the knowledge of making alloy was considered to be very complicated requiring a lot of knowledge such as the technology of using fire, the smelting of metal and process of mould casting for creating complicated figures with more decorative designs. There was also the creation of art and evaluation of earthen wares which became more colorful and unique forms such as trumpet-shaped earthen wares, which were found at Ban Tharn Prasart
In the burial site of Bronze Age around 2,800-3050 years ago, it was discovered that more items such as earthen pots, accessories, tools such as bronze axes, earthen bullets, grinded stone axes were to be buried with the dead than those in the Neolithic period
Popular accessories worn were brace laces made from seashells or marble, seashell earrings, necklaces or belts made from seashell beads. Some corpses were found to wear leg rings on both legs. Pig’s angles and fresh-water shells were also buried with the corpses.
The earthen wares of the Bronze Age, which had very outstanding features, were considered to be very unique. These red-slipped earthen wares were found in the areas of the upper Mun River. The neck of the earthen ware was rather narrow with wide mouth, which was shaped like the trumpet. This kind of earthen ware was first found at Ban Tharn Prasart, Nonsung District, Nakhon Ratchasima. Later more trumpet earthen wares were found in other archaeological sites in the upper Mun River.
The burial ceremony of the Bronze Age was continuously practiced from the previous age. The corpse was usually buried with tools, accessories and food. The direction for placing the heads of the corpses began to have a pattern. The heads were laid in the direction of the northwest and the southeast.
Evidences found from the excavation included tools made of bronze such as head of the axe, and chisels. A lot of tools made from bronze smelting such as sand stone moulds, earthen ware moulds.
“The discovery of the archaeological evidence from the excavation showed that Thai ancestors existed over 4,000 years ago. In the future, if the study was to be seriously carried out, we would be able to understand more about our ancestors.
Asstant Professor Worachai WiriyapiromDepartment of Social Science and Humanity,
The important evidences discovered in this age was the burial ceremony which had been continued since the Bronze Age and also the activities of ways of living and the production of the tools used in the community.
Iron Age was the last period, of which the activities of burial ceremony could be discovered at Ban Non Wat. The burial sites of the Iron Age dated approximately 2,100 – 2500 years ago. Burial items generally found with the dead were round bottom earthen pots with design of rope pressing, and inside the pots, the remains of snake-head fish and catfish were found.
In addition, broken pieces of smooth-surface earthen pots were also buried with the dead. Other items found with the dead were the thread spinning tool made from baked clay, tools made of iron, bones of pig’s angle, bones of buffalo’s angle, and bones of dogs, or even the skeleton of pig. The bodies of the dead were decorated with many kinds of personal accessories such as beads made of glass, agate and carnelian. Wrist brace laces and angle brace laces were made of bronze.
The late Iron Age burial sites were about approximately 1,500- 2,100 years old .These sites were close to the surface of the ground and they were disturbed by human beings of the later periods. The pots found with the dead in this period were black and shiny-rubbed with decorative designs on the surface. The decorative lines were made by pressing and scratching the surface of the pot with gravels. These pots were known as “Black Phimai Pots” owing to their distinctive features. These pots represented the pots of the Iron Age and were mostly discovered in the Upper Mun River Region.
The babies or young children were mostly buried in the big pots tightly covered with lids. Adults were buried in the lying position in the direction from the north to the south.
(นายอำ�าเภอำ / ว้ฒนธรรมู่อำ�าเภอำ / ก�านนตำ�าบลพลสงค้รามู่ / ผู้��ใหญ่�บ�านโนนว้ดี )โรงเร�ยนในเค้ร/อำขึ้�ายมู่ะค้�าพลสงค้รามู่ นกว้�จัยโบราณค้ดี� โค้รงการ Environment Change and Society before Angkor: Ban Non Wat and the upper Mun River Catchments in Prehistory.
Art and Cultural Center, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University
Office of International Affairs, The Office of the National Research Council of Thailand
Pol Songkra Chief Monk / Abbot of Marum TemplePol Songkram Local Administration OfficeNonsung District Administrative Staff: Chief of Administrative Officer, Chief of District Cultural Center, Pol Songkram Assistant Head of the villageSchool network of Makha and Pon Songkram Sub-
districtsArchaeologist researchers of Environmental
Change and Society Project: Ban Non Wat and the Upper Mun River Catchments
in Prehistory(Dr. Nigel Chang, Asst. Prof. Worachai Wiriyapirom
The study aimed to develop the pattern of Ban Nonwat Prehistoric and Civilization Local Learning Center, Pon Songkram Sub-district, Non Sung District, Nakhon Ratchasima. This study was a co-operative research between the research team of Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University Art and Cultural Center and the local research teams of Ban Non Wat residents, the community, the local administrative authority, and national research body.
The first objective was to develop and preserve the local art and culture by integrating learning, research and academic support together. The integration incorporated the cultural vision as a mean to develop sustainable development and to create and strengthen a learning community leading to self-reliance.
The second objective of this study was to study the community context concerning local economy, society, ways of living and local culture by collecting data and analyzing the learning activities and developing the prehistoric archaeological sites of Ban Non Wat, Pol Songkram Sub-district, Nonsung District, Nakhon Ratchasima. The local community, the local administrative authority and the research team co-operated to collect and analyze data as a knowledge base for reserving and developing the local culture and occupation.
In order to conduct the research efficiently and to achieve the objectives of the study, the project researcher had planed to carry out the research procedure with the overall perspective and to develop the activities to support each aspect of the research. However, these activities were integrated to achieve the goals as planed through along with the research procedure. These activities were integrated to study the data concerning the context of the community in different aspects through the co-operation of the local community as followed:
Archaeological context and present community context
Social context and community participationLocal cultural context concerning folklores and
The results of the research were expected to use for the organization of the patterns of the local learning center to make use for the four main aspects. There would be a contemporary exhibition on the knowledge of archaeological sites including the local curriculum. The researchers had suggested that the community should follow the king’s advice for local development. That is, to understand the local context fully and to understand how to develop the community continuously in sustainable ways would lead to real achievement. The knowledge gained would be used to apply and modify to the local learning and the cultural vision in order to study and develop the community of which the people in the community became the center for the development and that would strengthen the community to be self- reliance with the relationships among the network from different sectors.
ภาพัรีวิมของโคุรีงการีวิ�จ�ย
ภาค้�ในช1มู่ชนท$งอำงค้'การบร�หารส�ว้นตำ�าบล ว้ดี โรงเร�ยนและชาว้บ�านร�ว้มู่กนแสดีงเจัตำนารมู่ณ'ในการพฒนาจัากฐานรากขึ้อำงช1มู่ชน ดี�ว้ยการเตำร�ยมู่การระดีมู่ท1นดี�ว้ยการทอำดีผู้�าปBาและเจั�าขึ้อำงท��ดี�น 2 ราย ประกาศบร�จัาค้ท��ดี�น ซี#�งเป3นพ/$นท��หล1มู่ขึ้1ดีค้�นเดี�มู่ในโค้รงการขึ้อำง Pro Charles
From the study of social context and community co-operation, it was found that Ban Non Wat Community had very strong cultural background and the villagers were very enthusiastic about preserving their local culture and taking parts with the university
initiatives. Thus, the university organized Tod Phapa Samakee – a Buddhist merit making ceremony- as an activity to promote and strengthen community co-operation. Hence, it led to revive one the dying local ceremony called Tam Kwan Kao- rice merit making ceremony - after the harvest of the rice crop. NRRU Art and Cultural Center had also learnt from this activity how to integrate the local wisdom, the processes of fund raising, local cultural ceremony. Moreover, the knowledge and experience gained had become the strong foundation of this study project.
บรี�บทชุ�นชุนด้ านวิ�ฒนธำรีรีมการีละเล�นและน�นทนาการีของท องถ��นผ่�านการีแสิ่ด้งพั),นบ านLocal Cultural Folk Dances and Recreation Context
From the study of local folk dances and recreation, the researcher found that two aspects of local wisdom- the knowledge of local dances and music should be reserved. Therefore, the university research team was assigned to design the local dance to portray the ways of living of Ban Non Wat called Rabum Hung Khee Kata Dance. Since the rich natural resource of Ban Non Wat was rock salt, the villagers earned their living from producing salt from crystallized salt power covering the surface of the ground. From one generation to another, the knowledge of learning how to produce the salt was passed. Thus Rabum Hung Khee Kata Dance was created to show audience the process how the salt was produced by villagers. As a result, they were so proud to present their local wisdom through this dance.
The creation of this dance was developed together with the study of local wisdom of Ban Non Wat Musical Group known as Sor Chuen Arom Local Folk Music al Band. This was a fine example of the preservation of local cultural folk dance and thus leading to the villagers’ motivation for the strength of the community by integrating Korat Local music with dance of Rabum
Hung Khee Kata Dance. The local people were so proud of the local dance performance because Korat folk music was part of the process in setting up the Ban Non Wat Prehistoric and Civilization Local Learning Center.
บรี�บทด้ านวิ�สิ่าห้ก�จชุ�มชุนLocal Business Enterprise Context
The study on local enterprise potential for sustainable development was conducted by the researcher and it was found that the local enterprise could be strong foundation for supporting local economy, local tourism, marketing and public relation for Prehistoric and Civilization Local Learning Center of Ban Non Wat. Learning about the enterprise production process was one of the university important plans to develop the community. It was found that Pon Songkram Community had a the strong foundation for occupation which could support value-added products together with development of local learning center. One of careers which could be promoted as local business enterprise was process of salt boiling locally known as Hung Khee Kata. Another local business enterprise could be supported was to make mats from local material called Kok- water plants for making mats. The next local business enterprise which could also be developed to be local food products such as Nam Prik Nam Oi- Sugar cane chilly paste , Namtarn
Sod-fresh sugar cane drink, and Lorn-Tarn Sod-young fresh palm meat . All materials for producing these products were locally available in the area. Beside, the outstanding of Pon Songkram Village for sustainable development was that the quality of local people. That is, the potential to learn, and the leadership of the community helped promote the community to the real development, which would enable them to create strong and sustainable community in the future.
Lesson learnt from successful development with the community as the center for the development depending upon equality of the bilateral communication, sincerity and being open-minded. Thus it provided an opportunity of learning and solving the community problems. The researcher team started by asking questions which challenged the community and as well facilitated all convenience and support so that all sectors has got ground for the integration of the co-operative community development. Results from the co-operation became pride for the community which led to sense of ownership of the community. It was better than just being recipients of the past development.