52 days until AP exam 4 chapters in 3 weeks before review Guided Reading & Vocab due on Thursday before Test AP World History
52 days until AP exam 4 chapters in 3 weeks before review Guided Reading & Vocab due on
Thursday before Test
AP World History
CULTURAL SHIFTSAFTER WWI
Postwar Pessimism
The brutal realities of industrialized warfare brought about a shift in beliefsSuperiority of EuropeWorld getting better & betterLimitless improvement of humankindDemocracy as ideal government
Expressed by artists, writers, theologians
Scientific Revolutions
Einstein’s theory of relativitySpaceTime
“Uncertainty Principle”Objectivity no longer a valid principle
Freud’s Psychoanalytical PrincipleUnconscious mental processes & neurosis
Disdain for Realism in Art Rise of avant-garde artists Realism abandoned for an expression of
feelings and emotion
PicassoLes Demoislles d’Avignon
MunchThe Scream
ECONOMICS BETWEEN THE
WARS
Postwar Economics
WW1 affected economies all over the worldBritain and France owed huge
debts to the U.S.Both relied on reparations from
Germany to pay these loansPaying these reparations crushed
Germany’s economy
The U.S. emerged from WW1 as the world’s leading economic power.Continued to loan European countries moneyHad a strong manufacturing baseMany new inventions and innovations
The Roaring Twenties
New developments led to the “Roaring Twenties” — Telephones— Motion Pictures— Radio shows— Harlem
Renaissance
— Jazz music— Night clubs— Women “Flappers”— Medical
advancements— Penicillin— X-rays
The wealth created in the 1920’s wasn’t shared evenly.
Farmers, miners and suppliers of raw materials suffered.
Technology led to overproduction.
Beginning in Oct. 1929, investor confidence in the stock market dropped, leading to a market collapse
All tried to sell at once and bottom fell out of market = panic selling
The crash had a ripple effect on the economy
1920's had been a period of good economic times Tues. Oct. 29th, 1929 - NYC Stock market
crashed, causing a depression that would last until 1942
For the poor....... mass consumption was
already low (poor could afford to buy little)
unemployment rose no gov't assistance at first
since people could not buy, productivity was cut back = further unemployment
so w/ additional unemployment purchasing power declined again reduced productivity yet again
ECONOMIC CYCLE
Unemployment
Purchasing Power Productivity
The Depression Spreads American banks stopped making loans
around the world and began demanding repayment
W/O support from the U.S., Germany suffered – it couldn’t make reparation
payments to Britain and France
Overall U.S. production plummets
U.S. investors have little or no money to
invest
U.S. investments in Germany decline
German war payments to Allies falls off
Europeans cannot afford American goods
Allies cannot pay debts to the U.S.
GOVERNMENTS OFTOTAL CONTROL
Loss of Faith in Democracy As the depression wore on, many lost
faith in the ability of democratic governments to solve the problems
Misery, despair and hopelessness created fertile ground for extremists who promised radical solutions.
Stalin - USSR Mussolini - Italy Hitler - Germany
Total, Centralized State Control
Totalitarianism—government that dominates every aspect of life (total control)
Totalitarian leader is often dynamic* and persuasive
*pertaining to or characterized by energy or effective action; vigorously active or forceful; energetic: the dynamic president of the firm.
Police Terror
Government uses police to spy on and intimidate peopleNormally, the police are expected to
respond to criminal activity and protect the citizens. In a totalitarian state, the police serve enforce the central government’s policies.
Propaganda and Censorship Totalitarian states spread *propaganda. Government controls all mass media, and
**crushes opposing views.
*biased or incomplete information used to sway people
**censorship
Indoctrination
Government shapes people’s minds through slanted educationControl of education is absolutely essential
to glorify the leader and his policies and to convince all citizens that their unconditional loyalty and support are required.
Religious or Ethnic Persecution
Leaders brand religious, ethnic minorities “enemies of the state.”
Totalitarianism Characteristics
Dynamic Leader• Unites people• Symbolizes
government• Encourages
popular support by force of will
Dictatorship &One-Party Rule• Exercises
absolute authority
• Dominates the government
State ControlOf Society• Business• Labor• Education• Housing
Modern Technology• Mass
communication to spread propaganda
• Advanced military weapons
Methods of Enforcement• Police terror• Indoctrination• Censorship• Persecution
State Control ofIndividuals• Demands loyalty• Denies basic
liberties• Expects personal
sacrifice for the state
Ideology• Sets goals of
the state• Glorified aims
of the state• Glorified
govern
Different Kinds of Totalitarianism
Fascism: any centralized, authoritarian government that is not communist, whose policies glorify the state over the individual, and is destructive to basic human rights.
Communism: a classless government based on socialism principles, in which all wealth and property is owned by the community as a whole.
Different Kinds of Totalitarianism
Fascism CommunismNationalistic Goals International Change
Society with defined classes Classless society
Popular with business leaders & wealthy land owners
Popular with urban and agricultural workers
Total devotion to state or leader
Use of terror to guard their power
Promote extreme programs of social change
Promised a strong, stable government under an elite leader
Different Kinds of Totalitarianism
Country Dictator in Power Ideology Examples of
Terror Tactics
Italy Benito Mussolini1922
Fascist:Fanatic nationalism
Black Shirts suppress dissent
Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin1924
Communist Gulag labor camps
Germany Adolf Hitler1933
Fascist Nazi: racial policies of hatred
Restrictions and terror against Jews
Totalitarian leaders in the 20th century
Adolf Hitler (Germany) 1933-1945
Benito Mussolini (Italy) 1925-1943
Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union) 1929-1953
Saddam Hussein (Iraq) 1979-2003
Kim Jong-Un (North Korea) 2011 - present
Assignment
Use the rest of the time today to work on your guided reading and/or vocabulary