دفاتر التربية و التكوين 3 شتنبر 2010.pdf

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Cahiers de lducation et de la FormationPublication priodique triannuelle

Directeur responsableAbdellatif El MOUDNI

Directeur de rdactionHamani AKEFLI

Comit de rdactionAbdellatif EL FARIBI, Nassereddine HAFI, Azzedine KHATTABI,

Abdellatif EL MOUDNI, Driss EL YACOUBI, Driss KATTIR, Abdelhak MOUNCIF

Secrtaire de rdactionOmar EL AZAMI EL IDRISSI

EditeurConseil Suprieur de l'Enseignement

Rdaction, administration et abonnementsConseil Suprieur de l'Enseignement, Complexe administratif de la Fondation Mohammed VI des uvres Sociales de l'Education-

Formation, Aile A2,Avenue Allal El Fassi, Madinat Al Irfane-Rabat. B.P. 6535,

Rabat-InstitutsTl : 05 37.77.44.25 - Fax : 05 37.77.46.12

E-mail : [email protected]

Conception, ralisation et impressionLibrairie des Ecoles

12, Avenue Hassan II Casablanca MAROCTl : 05 22.26.67.41/42/43 - Fax : 05 22.20.10.03

E-mail : [email protected] - Site web : www.almadariss.ma

DistributionSapress

Les opinions exprimes dans les Cahiers de l'Education et de la Formation ne refltent pas forcment la position officielle de ces Cahiers,

et n'engagent que la responsabilit de leurs auteurs

Tous droits rservs Toute reproduction mme partielle est strictement interdite

Dpt Lgal : N 0120 PE 2009Dossier de presse : 22/09

ISSN : 0955 - 2028

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a H J dG XdG gQhd Gf edG dG FSdG e SQdG dG J.adGh dG e AH ah ,jHdG edG

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fj2007 : U ,125.


13 OdG3 T2010

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CG Vjh SQdG dG Hh SQdG LGdG H GJ j ,fSQdG LdGgJaO dG Gg a Qjh .ze idh e IOd SSCG gdG Vj c{

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.dG dG d ce S cCG J dGdG je L a SG gcCGh cGjdG FSdG gCG e fCG T a

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1- A. CHOPIN, Manuels scolaires; histoire et actualits. Pdagogie pour demain. Hachette - Paris, 1992.


14

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: j e dLEG a ,SQG dG FXh eCGjHJ XhGgCG J e HQe ah dGh dG fCG J a J

; L bCHh bh bCG a dGY``LG `XhRG`G QhO j `fc a ``J3Agent d'quilibre`a`dG H

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26 096 127


15 OdG3 T2010

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16

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17 OdG3 T2010

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.HdG QdG a dH dG GOdG J dG FdG Rhd dG SQdG

-5 ,WdG HdG IQGRhSQdG dG M WdG dG Kh LO ,2001 : U ,22 ``33 .


18

IdG LGdG FbjdGh Hd WdG dG jj ,2000.

,HdG HdG jJ JGSG ,fJ ,dGh adGh Hd HdG e.1979

,SQG dG jJ M Ghf ,HdG dG jJ jje `` WdG HdG IQGRh.1999

SQdG dH UdG SGQdG M HdG dG YCG ,jHCG `` S ,FdG jJ ``.2001

SQdG dH UdG QWEG dG aO ,Z ,bDG dG ``.2001

SQG dH UdG QWEG dG aO ,LO ,FdG dG ``2001.

Alain CHOPIN, Manuels scolaires ; histoire et actualit pdagogie pour demain, Hachette, 1992.

Franois RICHAUDEAU, Conception et production des manuels scolaires, Guide pratique-UNESCO, 1979.

Actes du sminaire sur l'valuation des manuels scolaires, MEN, 1999.


19 OdG3 T2010

PSCd dH dG dG dG IQhS a SSCG fe SQdG dG jHdG dG a noJ b dG FSdG e Z CG fcJ GPEG UN ,AGS M Y dGhdG odG nedG nIdG g Rj .HdG HdG bS a bCG Y ,H SJ d

S d YCG d dG jdG a OQh2008j{ SQdG dG CG OQh M ,zGdGh QdG cG a c H gH dPh ,FdG dG eYdG1,d .

Y fY ,SQdG dG J ,H HQh ,IRQdGh IdG fdG g e ZdH,bCGdG j H dCdG HdG QX Cch ,dGh dGh dG e j H

) zQH ehO{ M ch .DhJ e dM j b e j ,dGh(Dominique BORNEdG fMCG oJ LQO dG e Y dCG e H T SQdG dG{ Ea ,H

zXhh W a2.

-1jHdG edG GDS zH jRL{ j(Joseph POTH),Qeh CGe d Hc QYH{ SQdG dG

fG GQ`d `J èh H e `H è Y`SCG hCG èj èR `W`z`dG id3 zRpL ohQ àGc{ è `c à`j ,``b`J ``cCG ```Hh .(Xavier ROEGIERS)

zQGpL . {h(F.-M. GERARD)H b f Y e ,Ye IGOCG fEG{ : j c: IjY Ie UGN dh .Yf J LC ,e J IQhS V QJ

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; e J GgCG Y j ``

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-1d YCG d dG jdG2008, : U ,dG FSdGh SQdG dG IAe : dG jdG70.

.SQdG dG jJ M cdG dS jdG V ,fH WdG Hd edG dG IOb Ye aY bh: j c

2- Dominique BORNE (rapporteur), Programme de travail 1997-1998, thme 2 : le manuel scolaire , La documentation Franaise : Le manuel scolaire, juin 1998.

3- Joseph POTH, Initiations aux techniques d'auteurs, Guide pratique Linguapax n2 , Centre International de Phontique Applique, Mons, 1997.

"Le groupe de pilotage a choisi une dfinition pragmatique : a t considr comme manuel scolaire tout support pdagogique (livres ou fiches) qui doit tre acquis par l'lve (lyce) ou qui est mis sa disposition par l'tablissement (cole primaire et collge)."

4- F.-M. GERARD, X. ROEGIERS, Des manuels scolaires pour apprendre: Concevoir, valuer, utiliser , DE BOECK, 2003.


20

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21 OdG3 T2010

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: jRdG IJSCG be Y IQe Gh www.marocagreg.com7- Joseph POTH, Initiations aux techniques d'auteurs, op. cit, p 7.


23 OdG3 T2010

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. PJG Y j dG QGdG f Y IOe Ia eG eMdG g fOJh .PJG edG QGdH Je GgCG Y jdG SDj CG j: JBc g ,SQdG d jJ RfEH f eY MW j GDS hCG CG dEG INCGg e : GDdG Gd Mf dG GdG Y AHh ?PJG Y j dG QGdG f e

?QGdG GfCG e dG Gg OGYE gOMCS dG GgCG

He je IOYEG dEG je f a ,Ff GjJ IOe GgCG J b? dG a ,dCG ch ,j CG dG Gd j g :JCj e cf jdG g eh ,GgCd

g g J .dG ... ? dG jJ YSH g ? e Ge,QGdG PJG je jdGdGh ,dG eCH d jdG dCe EG .HGJ ZQ jdG je Y J ghg QdG Gg g EG : dP Vj ,SQdG dG SG J Q dG ,JBGhCG dG Gg j jdG SQdG IFd jJ jCG J jQhV c GPEG e jJ


25 OdG3 T2010

Gg a SQdG j g : jG e MGh f dEG Cj CG g dG eEHh .GP,VdG GH Je ee L j g GdG EG ? dDe dP QJ c dGM g : JBG QdG Y OYG dG eEHh .Me J e Y e jQJ OGYEGh

? dG Gd dSG jGH e Xe GQJ edG

e dZ gP IYb g Ea ,dSG j dG jdH e eCG j eYe H fEa ,GgCG jJh gPJG j dG GQGdG GfCG H WMEG a .J ja NCJ je Vh Gch ,gKCJh gQGhOCG VJh ,dH dG YdG c jJ,SQdG ,dG ,edG : g YdH OdGh .YdG ADg c gQYG

.edG AdhCG ,jHdG hTdG

edG H jh FbdG : G e Yf J ,SQdG dG jJ jeCG .jdH e UTC GQJh AGQBG Jh ,dGh ; GgCG dEG J C HdGMbG dG NGdG e e dG NGdG H Y GOYG HQe a ,FXdG jJ

zSQdG dG jJh QJ{ Hc a ,(RLhQ aGc) h (OQGL Qe) e c1 .

: JBG FXdG j jdG f NGdG g ah

; dH JdG FXdG jJ ``

; dGh edG IdH JdG FXdG ``

dG ; G dG `` ,dG dG `` CG : SQdG dG f H FXdG ``; jdG M e dG SQdG dG ; idG M e dG SQdG

; SQH JdG FXdG ``

; dG eYEG idH JdG FXdG jJ ``

; dG eYEG idH JdG FXdG jJ ``

; IOdH UdG LZGdG jdH JdG FXdG ``

; GAhdGh GMdGh ShQdG Jh dG Y IYdG FXdG ``

.dG jH JdG FXdG ``

e J gCG eCG f SQdG dG e j ,dH bdG GP FXdG QJ eYd IGOCG SQdG dG QYG e gCG g JCJh .SQdG d LdG dG JfG S EG .QdG Y EG e Zh Le f j e dZ g dGh .QdG

1- Franois Marie GERARD - Xavier ROGER, Concevoir et Evaluer des Manuels Scolaires, 1993.


26

Y OJ HQe OLh e ZdG Y ,edG Qe gQYG a NCJ dG H j dG .eh b H IOe J GQhS hCG Y a adG dG M Y IQhV

dG L JG a J e dZ ,HQdG g MJ dG edG LdG EGj CG Y dG QGbEG SSCG Y ,adG dG Gg H d J IGOCG SQdGj CGh ,YLG e hCG jQJ KGMCGh Uh YGbh geh ,UN eGP ae GQe J Y dh ,a gQGJh QdG g IOYEG Y GQObS a gdG J SG Y IQdG UN RJ g e .YGdGh gdH JQGSh ,ddG adG e GAL gQYH SQdG adH UdG dG S : hOe

cGjdG dG(Transposition Didactique): dP Y eCG eh .

; eRCGh U e a a jJ Y IQdG

; e f FN cj CG Y IQdG

; YT SCG FN RGHEG LCG e FdG H J IOYEG : dG cJ Y IQdG

; KOM bh hCG jM fG dM a Y PJG j dG bdG jJ Y IQdG

.e GMCG d LdfhdG JdG Y IQdG

e GJe OH j adG dG CG ,SQdG dG jJ e a dG egCG e dG UEG Yhe S a Z iNCG Xh a .dG g OGYEG GJe

.dG jJ GgCG

jdG jJ dEG J ,jJh YUh gOGYEGh gQJ a SQdG dG EG .jdG LZGH Y SDe g LdG j CG HGZ h .GQdGh GQdGh

dG cEG dEG Le SQdG dG CG (GQdGh GQdG) jdG jJ Xh Jc QX S jdG Y SDdG dG Gg jh .IdGh dG dSCGh bGeh FGW,(dGh FGdG ; FGdG) jdH jdG SSCG Y dGdG jhdG g J SQeY J dG g eh .dG H J dG SQdG d dH CdG g c,JdGh VdGh edG Hch SdGh dG GQeh FGW Jh dG jdGedG J IQe J c ,Y adGh CGdG jJh dG dBH dG Jh

.Y dGh

eY d ,dG Ve Y j e dZ jdG Ea ,QdG cEG OH f eYdCH e j eCG Ea ,GQdGh GQdGh jdG QNH e eCG jSQe dEG dG Of c g ,d GQe SQdG dG e j dG GDdGh .fCGgCG dEG g f CG Y dh ?dG YVe e Ye Y Jh dG GgdG g c ,dG Gg Z a .IQdGh jdG ee H bdGh VGdG dG


27 OdG3 T2010

LZGH e Y jH fCG f b ,BG H dG SQdG d dHg cJ GPEGh .e HQH dG jg XJ eCG fCG f hCG ,jdG

: jdG jH MG feEH fEa ,fL dCdG

; RfEG H J IQe J g jdG

jJ e J c ,e Vh a dH d J ee GQb M g IQdG .(f He g HdG) dCdG / VdG g Y GL

jdG Qe Y AHh ,IQdGh IQdGh jdG e : dG Gg a eCG RHCG eY dG dG IAGdH f fYOh ,IAGdG OJ .IAGdG e ,cGjdG; e g d e AYEH d J dG dG J gQYH ,GQdGh dG(GRfEG) j IOe Vh a c GPEG zIAGdG a Ac{ fEG e T Y f CG feEHhe Ye Xj CG Y j IQdG g SQj dh .FJ jH IAGdG Y

: JBG d dG jdG ``: adG dG... bdG Y GQOb j CG ,dG Y dG Y GQOb j CG ``: cM `` dG dG jSh Ice jH jJh H J Y GQOb j CG ; ``: WdG YLG dGY GQOb j CG `` ; NBG e dG Y GQOb j CG ``

.dG Y GQOb j CG `` ; GDdG WVh ah GQdG g H JdG jdG SGH EG IAGdG e a IQdG LJ

zZ{ e c HQe Y RJQG j QWEG Gg ah .UN(GOUGH)zfJ{h(TUNNER) : JBG dOdG a e Lj FGdG IQd jJ EG . L = D X CM ;

edG j(L) h ,FGdG IQdG dEG(D) h ,dG dG J Y IQdG dEG (C)IQdG dEGCG ,dOdG g e f .dGh dGh dG d e AYEG CG ,d jdG

.dG H dG GQdG e eOEG J (IAGdG) IQdG QS HQe eCG(STIEVENART)dG SSCG JGOCG jdG Qe e a ,

SdGh adG fGdH Jj``dGh WY``jdG Oj QdG GHh .cM: JBG OHCG Y YRjh ,GQdG e jdG JdG

YL a IdG J H(groupe)Oa e WY `` SS bY HQ hCG ebEG) SDe hCG; OGaCG e

; TdG hCG QGdG IQGOEG ,VhdG J

...jdG N J `` ; J Vh `` ; de jWh edG Y dG `` : dG J

M ,H GdGh YL hCG Oa he ebEG : (dG) dhDdG J J.dG


28

H SQe Y IQdG jd CG e ,GQdGh jdG cGh QdG cG EG.jdG Y fCG

: JBG dG jJ QdG Gg j

; GQd jdhCG a J dG IYdG

; jd jdhCG a J dG IYdG

.Qd jdhCG a J dG IYdG

jdGh QdG Y dH d dPh ,IOdG a SSCG gJG dG g Jh.gdG d dG dG g g M jhJ dEG dP fOj CG j h .GQdGhjdGh QdG VJ dEG a f dG VdG g g QYG a NDj ehVh a hCG (dY Vh a ) SQe Vh a QdG g S fCG dP ,GQdGhOLH EG LJ ,e IQb EG .d He Vh a ge a ,GQdG eCG .e jb

.GQdGh QdG SGH gQhH fdG jdG e eOEG SGH IOe Vh

aGZH

,hCG AfEGh dG GQeh UGdG J dO ,jOEG W) ,2005.(AdG QGdG

,hCG eLZGdGh LddG ,eG edG GQe ,2006.

,OM eUdG UC dG AGbEG dO ,jOEG W ,2005.AdG QGdG

,OM ejOdG UdG fEG J jc ,jOEG W ,2005.AdG QGdG

,cG eJGgX d Ne : dGh dG ,HdG adG cG ,1989.AdG QGdG

,e eJGSGh jdG ,jOEG W ,2005.AdG QGdG

,e edG IAGdG cGjO,adG QGO ,1997.AdG QGdG PONZALGUES, Mthodes et Techniques, Hachette, Paris,1981.

PERRITI Andre, Former les formateurs, 1985.


29 OdG3 T2010

J

ATCG e Jh ,be h e J d ATCG J idG GQHG CG jQdG cjJQH ,UGdGh YEG LdJ CG a T e eh .je Zh IRhe JTh eGHh fhdG HGHh bGeh SGM e JGe Hh cMh JUh

.idG GQHG g U e g ,...de JGgh jJ Fah eeh: S h ,bdG LddH dG e UdG ddG CG U

; gQSG YSh deh edG J Y FdG JGQH ``a UdGh GWCG SdG adG e a QHEG Y IOhedG JfeEH ``

; dG gQGZCGdG RhJh OhdGh LGdG J bQN dSCGh ILCGh GhOCG QHH ``

.HdGhKCJ dG dG e c e YJ bQ IQK jGH j ddG CG jCG UC ,gGe hCG IQdG g OhM MCG j ,d .e Jh e J ,a KDJh HOdG eCd SGh e j bdG dG g SG jGH Y J dG IdGdG jM GR bdG FSdG jQJ EG .FdGh jdG JGQJ Ff a UdGh

.bdG edG J GR ddGh?UGdGh YEG LdJ KS dG GdG bJ Y dG hQOb f aadG f a c bh a HdG gf GS CG cj PEG ,WGS be d j bbJ Y GQOb j d H .dG Y dG CT Y GfBG Qj d .jT jH jH GU H cG d .KJ CG ffdG hdG QHG eEH c dG GdG

.jJh IcGdG T Y NCG Gg IQb LQ eY dGh dG,UGdGh YEd IjdG LddG Ea ,GS dG dG HdG SG chY LZGHh Heh AYh je SG ,dGh HdG e GNG hJ gh.dGh FGdH j e Y IjL IGOCG a GhCGQ .JUNGh gGe NG

jQdG a UGdGh YEG LdJ`f Lh : dGh

THN eHdG a MH


30

-1UGdGh YEG LdJ IQKJGKCJ OHCG e SGQOh dG g c a dG dG QhdG e c de Yd jb ae J IjdG IGOCG g CG J e YSh .LZGdGh jHdGLZGdGh jHdG SQdG Y SCJ dG dSCGh bdGh GhOCGh UdGdG eh eR a jL Ne jCG jh ,OY IY e jOYG SQdG afEG .adG fh dG SSCG e IAGdG CG f dG S a .dG dGSGc hCG bQh hCG Md hCG IQS j b e eM SGH jOYG SQdG a SQJVJ a UGdGh YEd IjdG LddG eCG .SQe hCG eY bQh Hc hCG GaO hCGedG Hh .YJ AH IQS j NBG Sh hCG TT j Sh Y IAGdG

.IAGdG gh CG dG dG dG a Y gCG LddG g J IAGdfGh cdG GOGSG g ? QdG Y JAGb f g SdG TT Y f IAGb aIdG FdH KCj fh adG J gh ? IAGdG IGOCG H J IcGdG a jdGh

? bdG FSdG CG jdG FSdG : iLCG jCGh ? aG g cG FSdY VJ fCG ijh ,bdG FSH LddG g e N Lj dG EGj CG dG e fCG id dP e HCG dEG dG gj H ; dGh IAGdG a IjL bWe fCGh ,IHdG QdG a aY dG dG QGZ Y Y J j dG edG

.dG Gg a IQdG hCG HdG ae hO bQ ZeO e bh a j CG dGGc GDS ? BG f c j d fOMCGh FHCG e bdG L CG BG e f aj ,dG d fdGh dGh jdGh dG HSH dG SCG e Zh

.bdG FSdGh LddG M HCGh SGQdG a IHYEG LdJ SG Y JdG QKBG a dG ,gGdG bdG a ,dG e fCG ,hjda UH je Ff X VdG Gg Y TG e OY KK H PEG ,UGdGhc .dG VdGh VGdG H dG H a bdG dEG J ,LddG g

.FdG g YVe Y dH dCG YdG LZGdG iDhdGh YdG CG,dSG e L ah eY H gGJ bdG FSdG CG dEG SGQdG N dVdG Gd aJh ,YdGh edG ach jQdGh ddG Y ,dG H ehdSh dGh aVEGh dGh cdGh YdG dEG aVEH jHh JU GKDea QdH Uj dG Ea ,jHdGh dG dG Ud Gf fCG EG .SGGPEG fCGh edG J edG Ic CH cjh ,dG IQTEG gQ YVdG adG QNGY j CG j dG gCG Ea ,SGQdG GQdG e M YS bdG FSdG fc

.jHdG dG dG a LddG g e f CG j a dG g gPCGbe a .dGh jQdG Y LddG g QKB Fheh dGe g CG UCGh e H iNCG Y c LH j ,gGdG bdG a ,eCG EG .Mh JGjJ


31 OdG3 T2010

Y dGh adG HLEG M bdG H aGJ dEG UdG a g OdG eCG.dGh HdG e a IOdG Z bfG OJh MhdG SCG H

QGhOCG Y gQKBG g e ? dGh jQdG Y UGdGh YEG LdJ QKBG g e dG SQd Shh IGOCG LddG g J d dG g e ? Gh SQdG e c?

Od Oc dG Y e Y jQdG e J CG LddG d j c? jdGh HdG ee IOL J a ddH gJ CGh ,SQdG NEG

Ldd LZGH INCG GdG a J CGH ,gZh SCG g e bfGj dG g CG Md eH dPh ,HdG Y SCG e e NCJ UGdGh YEGe j d Ohe T fGNh LZGdG Gjd e GQe J CGdG GdGh OQGdG CG iNCG L e Md c .UN jQdGh eY HdG dGY SQdG Ybh GQNG ahh SG e e eAd Hbh Ic gaJe ,IjL SQe J IjdG OQGdG g CG cDe T GeCG UCG d .YJh gOJ

.IjL LZGH dEG ODSbdG eGdG QYG H NCS QdG aCG a eCG e Y dG OdG EGjOdG e e HdGh IAGdG GQb dEG Sh ,jHdG eGH NGO JedGhGc jJh fgQ J eCG HQe e a bdG HdG VCG a ,Yh .FSdGe UCG QfG Gg CH Y ,ddG hO H bdG QfG KMCG dG IdG Ode dH iOCG e Ggh .dG QdG a JJh hdG J a jdG dG GTDeij e dG EG H ,bdG dG e IOSd jb GQTEG AYEG dEG edG

.dG a UGdGh YEG LdJ SG Y WGe C GeCG Y ,dGh jQdG a UGdGh YEG LdJ SG Y f eYe dG dH dG GdG c dhCH j .bdG OQGdG Hh GdG H fH HdGh JedG OdGh YJ GQSh SGMh FSdG IOe FMh YbHGdG e UCG a NJ e H M a ,bdG OQGdG eCG .ffGjdG dGh XdG YCGh dG Hh LdG FKdGh fhdGdGh UGdG e LZGH jQe a OQGdG g QSG jh .jHdGh SQdGhdGh FdG Mh edG SJh Lh KdG e a HdGh dGh YEGhOQGdG c XJ j fCG Y ; OGGh dG IOe iNCGh JYVe jQehJ a dSGh SQdG W e IOdG GgCG ah e jQe a bdG

.IM Y T c Ld HSG a dP e MCGh ,e OH UNSJ OdG Gg a jh .c LZGdGh Sc IGOCG H dG j g eM a ag LddG d .JFah IGOCG gCG OJ dG g LZGdG CH YdGjQdG a LeOEG j HJ he CG a LZGdG VJ fCG c ; JGPfc dEG Qd GQe fc e SQdG fG CH OYG OdG CdG e fEGh .dGh


32

AHh ,adG dG Y cdG VY dG c dSCG OYGh ,dG fC eYEG LdJ dEG Lj ,HdG dG a YdG H bdG a J

.GdG g AH Y a Ye Oe g LddG a .UGdGhUGdGh YEG LdJ eOE JGSEG jCG OYG Y JYGe j dG QeCG eCGh ,bdG edG M Y dG gH GdG J CG g ,dGh jQdG ac ; bdG LZGdG e a ObdG gQYH eRdG gCH bdG OQGdG KCJCG hO eYEG a e cd IjdG LddG g Gcj CG jTdG Y jLdJ e{ H b aJ g .jQdG LZGH a gDdG GdG Y aJGg c GPEGh .JLCGh JLe jhJ Y FSdG H j e ,zUGdGh YEGdH adG e j e Y aJ dG QGdG L H Y KDj fEa ,Yhe adGdG L H hd Le g IYdG EG .dGh jQdG e a LddG gSQGd ,AHBG eh YU eh jTfh MHh jWDeh jjeh SQe e

.YLGh YdGh jObGh ffdGh LZGdGh jHdG fGdG e

-2bGh bdG SQG dGcG dEG ODS dGh jQdG a UGdGh YEG LdJ eOEG CH dG SSSCG UdG e Ye Y KCdG H jL HJ Vh dEG HQh ,dG SDdY bdG GKCdG e a Y f e N EGh .jQJ J Z bQ aK H

bdG SQdG dG Ve g FSdG(manuel scolaire numrique)dG CG dG j .YEG LdJ eOE he CG a dGh SSCG LZGdG TQdG g SQdGdG Gd adG dG Y dG Rhj VdG a dG EG .dGh jQdG a UGdGhM ShCG GDS dEG Gjh ,bQdG SQdG dG e fQdH dG a bdG SQdGSGQdG c KEG ,dG HdG EGh .dG FSdG eJ eY f SQdG dG eSQdG dG e S dG bdG cdG UGe jJ a J ,QdGh HCGh,bdG YdG MQ e cdG g Y S dG dG aeh ,jdG dG a bQdGd S dG SQdG bJh ,e dGR dG cdG g SG HGV jJhEa dP eh ,e Z GR jdG EG .bdG SQdG d dG e GQfG.jT QHh GS IY e SQdG dG a dhCG JGN j bdG SQdG dG

bG SQdG dG HJ Y hCG d (numris)d IQU WH H fEG :f dG jdG H dSG jh j h Mj ,dG bQdG SQdG dG

: fCG Gg dEG j .ffEG T Y dEG f dG bdG FGdG HNGO jdG SGH SEH hCG ,SM TT Y JU Jh Jge j

.ddG SdG SH hCG SGQdG dGAdG Y T H fhdEG HGH Y bG SQdG dG dEG J c j

e Ldh dG SDdG e a Oa d J jHJ HGH g dG ,d bdG


33 OdG3 T2010

fCG H bdG GP bdG edG e bH aJ eDeh IMh f N.dGh jHdGh jHdG

Y j Gc ba j dh ,bG SQdG d LZGdG ddG Y dG AJH QHEG) jdG dG FXh H e j b .bQdG SQdG dG Vh fCG Z ; G Rh J a gjh ,bdG dG H J dG (eYEG

.bQdG SQdG dG a dCe g e RhjdG adG dH dG dG dP g SG GH jdG bdG SQdG dG EG,e iNCG OQGe e HdG feEG N e ,YdG bdG FSdG SG gaJfeEG c QSGh ,YJ jQJh fGd Jh d Hh FShh FKh eY edGh SQdG W e SGQdG dG NGO dhGJh ,bdG dG J dGAH dG GP FKd aVEG e J Y gf .YdG GQdG Y hCG jOa ILCGeh ,dG hCG dG a jOa YCG e ed H J eh ,J IOd efH e

.e c eh bh c a SQe Hh H UGJ,L e JLZGHh eGH gdG H YJ bd SCdG QhdG e fEGdG Y H dG GJdGh OdG QWEG a iNCG L e bdG LddGhfeEH dGh ,JdG SQdG dG OGYEG Y SdH QJ dG bdG g .HdG.dGh jQdG a UGdGh YEd IjdG LddG eOEG he f a gJ CGY jb IOGQEG e j CGh H dG a UGdGh YEG LdJ eOEG EGW e Y aGe Le QWEG a LddG d hDdGh WGdG SGSDdG L Y J Seh ShQe SCG AH Y YJ CG fCT e ,dGIYGe e gCdGh jOGYEGh FGHG dG MGdG e Me d Feh ,dG

.UdG DaJh fEG CGeh TdGh SG MdG e a UNh ? jHdG ee a LddG g bGh Y GPa

.bdG SQdG S gOYG g VdG Gg a dhdG J AGLEG gCG EG2005dEG J JGSE

efd bfG FYEGh UGdGh YEG J JGENIEf e SQe T aLddG g SH dP b UhCG b jdGh Hd WdG dG ch .dG

IOdG) e IFa cCG dh ,jHdG OQGd eCG Xd119gQhd Gf ,(dG e IOdG) geh dG f a edGh SdG121c cGjO IOe c NEGh ,(

IOdG) jdGh HdG S bOd ehd Wh T c108.(YCG dG fCG dG jHdG edG jJ Y WEG Hh ,dG f a

S d2008Hh ; UJh MGbG e eb eh ,NGh GRfEG e UQ eh ,hdG Y WEGP10 E1QGb CG Qf ,WdG HdG IQGRd dSG efdG V


34

Y a LQ GeCG UCG HdG jHdG edG a UGdGh YEG LdJ eOEGJ Jh HdG ef IOL a eCG Md j Wh e fCG SSCGc j Wh TQh fc M e gCG dH c TQd bfG j QGb fEG .eGdGjLh jce : Jh GWCJh jJ SQdG dG b a edG jdG OQGdG

.gCJh jOGYEGh FGHG : dG SDdG L S fc M e jCGh .eh bQ IcdG : jQGRdG JcdG IAGb EG142 jQH13 HcCG2009 bQ IcGh .44

jQH26jGa2010J QWEG a J J dG GRfG e Ye Y f J , efH GENIEJ fCT e dG SSCG dGh jdG H dEG aVEH

dG Qe e J a VGhh Se eJ g CG hjh .IdG GgCG HTEG HQh ,VZh GJ g CG j ,dP He a ,d ; jdG Qeh dG dGh

bdG edG Qe e HQe aRNHK Z dG C ,bdG OQGdG hCG)e dG SDdG gh ; H noj d bdG OQGd WdG da : (jQGRdG IcdG afhdG HGdG N e gfh bdG OQGdG fEGh AbH dEG j CG VhdG

.BG d QdG J d gQhH dGhOGe ah IOe SGQO GS J bdG OQGd VhY W dG dG YCG dbfG ,OQGdG g e LdG L d GS HQCG Y e efH ah ,e J

S e2009 S dEG2013dG f e J gh .S H Sh GS HQCG Y ICGeh ,QYG H NCJ CG hO d ,UEG jY N SQdG dG ASQEG a YG dG,jOJh SQdG dG jJ UdH J dGh ,HQdG g Y S dG MdGdCG .HQdG g Y f dG LZGdGh jHdG dG RhJ e S c eCG gh

hdG Ve gdG LGe QfG QhdG e jE1P9d dSG efdG aY J Y e ge Y SDJ CG VY gOYG OGdG bdG edG H NCJe OYG T CG dhCG gdG e hj ? ZU IOYEGh LGe Ve UCGh edG e ecS eh eOb GS Id bdG OQGdG OGYE gdG UH HCG dG a OQhP Z IdG jdG H j b ,jJh ja GOeh de GOYG e dPGcdGh FKdG a OQGh Z bdG SQdG dG cP CG f ,iNCG L e .IFah ihLj bh GS dP j b .dG QN fCG Y j e ,bdG OQGdG CT a IQOdG

.NBG QTEG dEG Mhe S DhdG Ea ,j e .Geh GOe j bh VSGQdGh dG e jdG dEG J bdG edG e a IdG HQdG EG,Voe Z bGY e Heh ShQe Z IN jCG Y j CG j d jOJ ,dGhMdG g a dG e fCG hjh .Ic eBG Y J W hd jQP a e HQhY ,dGh jQdG a UGdGh YEG LdJ SG JGSEG e j CGgDdG ,dG a .e Id dH H b e QGZ Y a CGdG AGHE d YCG dG .dG QdG Y Vhh FZEGh JGSG g a bd ,JdBGh fdh JfH


35 OdG3 T2010

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dG dG FSdG bCG H e (SQdG dG dM j e) dG dG jLCd YLGh dG GdGh dG adG hQdG f a HdG gYGY j ,jdGh HdG a e Ie SDd dG Gg j ,dM .IYdGGQe cGh ,Jh QdG hGH Je d J fEG .zSQdG{ SG eYhCG jOcCG dG fEG d de e gh ; G id jch GQb Jhe Y Y jOcCGh ddG QdG zfEG IOYEG{ e bdH fEG .adGjHdG jdG ah ,zcGjdG dG{ IOY J ,SQdG SDdG W e Lehe dBG SQdG dG j c ,dGh .dG LCG id J NJ dG edGQdG OhM Y J Ije SDe Y cGjdG dG g ? cGjdG dG dBGdG LZGHh jd Hd SDdGh LddG dH ddH Jh ,ddGjd SdG YLG dG dEG IOdG a j Ie Y g CG ? jQdGhJh J e dG Gg Yj eh ,dGh OdG M adG dG Y HdGh

? YLG bdGh NBGh jdGh GdG M

-1 cGjdG d dBG UH SQdG dG cGjdG dG `` CG

.GQdG jJh MfEGh dG J FSh ac d J dM SQdG UCGjdG g d cGjdG dG dBG MCG SQdG dGh1cGjdG dG jh .

H ,ddG hCG dG QdG e Oe f Y CGJ dG dG e Y IOYa GQdGh QaCG g j J e H fEG .e J ee NGO LGQfGfEG .SQdG SDdG NGO d oj dG cGjdGh LdG dG j H ,JGPdG fEG SQe hCG dG S) UCG bS e QdGh QaCd GfG e H

:cGjdG dGh SQdG dG fEG IOYEGh SQdG QdG fEG H

YLG LdjjEGh dGe dG YHdG Yh dG a MH

-1: LdG Gd FGhCG OGhdG H e- Y. CHEVALLARD, M. A. JOHSUA, La transposition didactique, Ed. La pense sauvage, Paris, 1991


36

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e GNh SQdh ,YdGh dG H a e Jh jOcCG ,eQdH J ,JGdG jdG e S Y j jJ ; YLG IFS LeSQdG SDdG W e SQ Y dG gdG ie g GPh) jQd LdGdG dG gdG ie g GPh) a nSsQodG QdG Y Jh ,(eGHh JGQehdG e ie g GPh) dG QdG dEG d ,(jQdG g SQJ

.(edG id dG dG

f : QdG T aK f cGjdG dG jfEdjOcCG hCG dGNBG fh ; IO YVe Ad GQeh J SQd YLG Le QWEH Je hCG

SQefEG IOYEjdGh dG VGZC ,dG hCG jOcCG hCG dG dG j eGdGh QdG J Ie Y cGjdG dG d nj ,dH JQG a .dGhIOYEG J d ,fCG dG GdG hCG dG Y ,YLG dG SQdGh dG

Le QJ NGO FH(Conception curruculaire)d IOe GgCGh jH Led J SGQO GMhh GQe NGO eH dPh ,SQe jg e e ,dGhgGcEHh ,jJh jJ e J eh dG fCG H e eh Qe

.SQdG dGh edG

a SQdG SDdG gJ dG eGdG hCG GdG iMEG eY SQdG dG jdG Y cGjdG dG jGe eh .d LdG GdGh Qd cGjdG dG

: fCG SQdG

; edG e jY jgL Yb j J e Aj

; dG dG GgCG M SQdG dG AH a OLd SGh feEG j

;..cJh Jh a e H Jj eh FGdG JGQb jd Ua dG eCG j

dG HdG FKdGh edG dG Y gdG Y cj d dG Yj.TEGh Jh jQJh ee e J eh

-2: GY J dG de fGLa transposition didactique partir des pratiques : des savoirs aux comptences

: ddG GdH d fhdEG dG fYG bhhttp://www.unige.ch/faps/SSE/perrenoud/php_main/php_1998/1998_26.html


37 OdG3 T2010

d H ,SQdG dG Y cGjdG dG e SJ ddG dG f VajCG UCG H ,SGQdG OGdGh dG e a FKh e dCJ j e Y j jFKhh e c T a jRGdG GQGUEG e f fEG J TCG YTCH gQSG LC ,dGh HdG M a NdG d Le LZGHGdH QGdG J a hCG ,YOh edG cGeh jQdG e a AGS ,eCG Mf ,dG Gd .eY SQdG HdGh SGQdG dGh dH UdG adGjCG j cGjdG dG L b ,IUdG dG a SQdG dG YUAZEG adG g CT e .dP Zh SGQdG efGh SQdGh dG M jHdG adGdG M eEG Qb IOe aH eY dGh AHBG OGeEGh ,SQd jHdG IdG

.edG AdG e GAL jHdG adG g Lh ,dGh dGh

SQdG dG ``

HdG Y adG dG hCG dG OGYEG dJ dDe SQdG dG YG dWfEG .SGQdG GQdGh eGdG je Jh QdG f a Xh J ,dGhCG Z .SGQdG QdG hCG efdG GgCG d Fe LJ fUh dDe gj USJ jdGh QdG e fhe Oe fc a SQdG dG QhO j Gc jJdG cGjdG dG QS ,Gd .edG e gOGhQ Hh SQdG SDdG H bdGdG fCH bY QSG a ,FXhh SQdG dG be a dG IOYEG JG a

Ye Kh SQdG dG oYG ,QWEG Gg a .SSCG (Imprim)d d `Le jhj IGOCG fEG .bCG Y ZCG hCG ,JJ RfEG a j(Manuel)`H d eRe

SGh `dG LC cGjOh SDe `Le fC ,ja IGOCG j CG `b e`jJGdG3. zhO``jQ G``fGa{ `aY a (Franois RICHAUDEAU)Sd Le e e{ fC`H

zY dG jdGh dG Y NGO4 zQGL /RLhQ{ eCG .(X.ROEGIERS/F.GERARD),,d IQhS NGO QJ d b H eh Ye jHJ IGOCG GYG a

jOhOeh da J VH5 .

dG dGh dG JGSG H SQdG dG U YJ ,dP AV aa Jh Jh edGh QdG J Y cJ c : fUh dDe gQjT a jd cGjdG AdG Y cCG cJ c ; cJ UNh ShQO TeL YSe c ; gUYh dG a Ga jJ e ,eh Jh jQJ

-3 : e dG Y(SQdG adGh dG jb a SGQO) IUdG LZGdG fgQAdG QGdG ,dG jaCG ,2007 : U ,236.

4- F. RICHAUDEAU, Conception et production des manuels scolaires, Ed. Unesco, 1979, p : 51.5- X. ROEGIERS, F. GERARD, Des manuels scolaires pour apprendre (concevoir, valuer, utiliser), Bruxelles, DE BOECK,

et LARCIER-2003-p : 10


38

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...AjdGh Lddc SSCG

g gCG RjEG jh .dG `` dG dG NGO SQdG dG FXh OJ dj a FXdG6:

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,SDdG XdGSdGh SQdG dG H NGO SQdG dG be JhSQd J hCG dSG e dSG j eh ,Th Jjeh cSC LZGdG

.dG Y a dGh ,gHJh LZGdG fCG J a

d iNCG FXh RJ ,dG dG fCGh jQdG Vd dH fCG Z zjS QfH{ LCG dG Jh dH Je SQdG(Bernard SPRENG),

]SQdG dG CG[ fEG{ : b M ,LZGdG GgCd zH{ aU dP a MeJh ,J Y GQOb jh ,ah ,SSCG QeCG e OY ae Y dG Yj

zQHGh dG Y GQOb j ,GNCGh ; G aQe Jh ,Y7.

a H ,dG FSdG d dG dG ZQ ,dM OGORG dG Gg gCG CG bGdGh.SQdG dG YU LdJ aY dG dG QdG H dPh ; JG FSh dPYdGh dGh dG LdS e e IOSG a feEG Qb dDe LG cdG IjdG dG J eh ,jdGh jdGh dG e a dG Jh HdGS e dG e MjEG FSdGh SdG e QcEGh YdG W AZEG e eSQdG dG jJ a c H jdG LZGdG dG gS ,iNCG L e .dG

.dG dG dG NGO j dG bGdGh FXdGh FKdG AdG M e

-2d YLG dGh SQdG dG

gh J j c zSQdG QdG{ CG cGjdG dG jd dG j

-6: zhOjQ GfGa{ dDe fCGLfEGh SQdG dG QJ : U `` HS Qce Le ,53 ``54.

: U ,HS Qce Le ,IUG LZGdG fgQ : fCG ,FXdG g VY a Sd242 ``246.

7- B. SPRENG, La problmatique des manuels scolaires (Etude sur les fonctions du manuel) - Ed. Neuchtel, Institut Romande Recherches et de Documentation pdagogiques, 1976. P : 21.


39 OdG3 T2010

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.LdjjEG bGdGh dG

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bJ dG LdjjEGh8 JGP BG a g SQdG d cGjdG Ada .b AHLdjjEGh(Axiologisation) .IY je hP

hCGFH NGO SQdG dG aJ dG SsQdG adG a j jdG gd .d zjG LdjjEG{h SQdG aK Y dY j dG ,f cGjdGM e) V jhCd J dP a g H ,Ije J Oe SQdG dG YUSQdG FXd (SQdG dG d NGdG dGh GNEGh FKdG cdGh dCdGUH a cG dW GL GOhe SQdG dG a j ,dd .dGh SQdG dGh

.dG jhCdG Gg j dh ,adG eeh LZGdG Je

ie aKj e Qj fc a SQdG d LdjjEG dG dG j ,QdG Hh dG H bdG H ,a .zGQd I uWDdG adG{ JSQdG dG a J fCG ZQ ,I uWDe aK e dG eCG iNCG GQL j ,SQdGYLG hCG jQJ GMCGh hGLh fHh hT U NCJ ,jfK hCG fL IOcQdG f Y SQdG d j YLG dGh dG f EG dGh .gZhASCGh ,MEGh ,JdGh ,GdCG QNGh ,VdG jWh ,IdG SdGh RedGh,UdG QM Th ,d ej dG YLG GAdG Yfh ,ceCGh YCGdP c .dEG...H UdG adGh ,LdG eeh dGh SdG M e ,GQcP hCG KfEGbdG hCG NBG hCG GdG Y J hCG M jd dG hCG dG QJ Se j Zh

...ffEG

-8,eGMh SQdG adG CG J dG cQdG LdSdG JG V LdG Gg bGeh J QJdEG f j dG YLG UCG GP dGh QdGh dG Y J .SQdG dG dP a H LdG Gg Hj ,dHh .SQdG SDdG NGO fgPCG a SJh YQRh .edG e jY YbUH dhd LdjjEG SDdG iMEG SQdG Ge ,YLG () LdjjEG Hh SQdG dG

.dG dG S Y fCG ,LdG Gd SSCG gdG-. D. LINDENBERG, L'Internationale communiste et l'cole de classe, Ed. Maspero, Paris, 1987.-. P. BOURDIEU, J.C. PASSERON, Les hritiers (les tudiants et la culture), Ed. Minuit, Paris, 1985. La reproduction, Ed.

Minuit, Paris, 1970.- L. ALTHUSSER, Positions, Ed. Editions sociales, Paris, 1976. - MARKIEWICZ-LAGNZAU Education, galit et socialisme , Ed. Anthropos, Paris, 1970.

Cahier de l'ducation 1* 9/12/10 15:15 Page 39

40

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zfe{ eCG ,Ge(MONTAIGNE)zShQ L L{h(J.J. ROUSSEAU)HdG e ,j dG dG ndG ddG L dEG jdG JYOh ,FKdGh dG dY Y IdG

aQeh JGN dG e9 .

SGQdG edG jK dEG ,LdjjEG dGh dG J ,dK ie aa e Z H j fEa ,dGh HOCGh ffEG OGdG a LCG dP c GPEGh .JGPGQda .Ije OGc SQdG dG Kh NGO gh hC J dG dG jdG,L e ,ee a .Y VdG j bO UCG LH JJ e dG

gdG SdH 10,SQdGh .ATCGh GdG Y J e J eh ,UCG e idNGO LQJ d dG bS e YJ ,SQdG dG NGO GQdG g J PEGdG adGh d GOe ee Sj Ggh .jdGh dG a JjH e NBG Sid fG dj .jdGh dGh dH UdG SQdG LdjjEG j dG idOeh QaCG Oe gj dG dG GQdG CG ,SQdG dG Gg a ,dGdG VGZC SQdG dG WSh Y SQdG VJ ,gGdG d e UhjQdG JfH dG adG S QN dPh ,a dGh SGQdG dGhdG jdG Y S QKBG P ,ze{ H j eCG CG dGh .YLGhf NGO hCG QdG f NGO jQdG dUCG e dG GQdG j ,d,JJh dG IdH UdG jQdG SQdG dG unoj e da .YLG IdGjQdG jCG unoj c ; (fdG hCG ,SG hCG ,OdG hCG ,IdG hCG ,e dG e)Vj fEG .dG QdG hCG IdG a X dG edG hdG j dG YLG

bS Y de ja IMc(Une entit idale dcontextualise)cGQOEGh a Jjd{ Lh dG jdG dG f ,GdH dG Gd .Mh SQdG dH dG id

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-9jCGQ a Ga ,dG a e GhOCG SGh ,QdH gdG T Y FdG HdG zfe{ aQddG Ga{ : j ; `d dG dG ddG L dEG YO ,dd .S`e bY `Fc e `eOCG jeCG .z...J j CG jQCG ,LEHh b Y JGhP f d gUf CG j dG IBGdG g (...) dGSMh FYCG ed SG dG c a ,a IdG CG Hh ,JGNh IdH dG HQ a ,zShQ{

: fCG .fOLH SMEG J dG fc AGLCG e AL ch JGQbh

10- Les schmes mentaux.

- MONTAIGNE, Essais , Tome II, Ed. P.Villey, Paris, PUF- 1992, pp : 136, 157-158. - ROUSSEAU, Emile , Paris, Gallimard (coll. Folio/essais), 1969- pp : 88,89 (Livre 1).


41 OdG3 T2010

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.Y IJdG dGh dG Y eh H UdG adG eh SQdG

,dG de ,H JdG cGjdG SGQdG c ,fH LZGdG dG CG jGe ,eY cGjdG dG aj dG NG d Y f H dHedGh gdG e jdG a ddG dG jGH e fG dG adG TdG dP ae bdHh ,gRhJ S a dGh ,dGh HdG hDH dG dhdG dGhdG Kh NGO jOcCGh YLG dUCG Y SQdG QdG fG eCH j

-11: GY J dG ddG de OdG GH fCGdhd LdjjEG ILCGh LdjjEGHc V Qe .Positions.HS Qce Le

-12 : e dG YIUdG LZGdG fgQ : U ,HS Qce Le .265..

-14fEG M Y HdG HGQ e e IQOH ,c eh HU MdG Y e c gYCG dG SGQdG fCG(HREA).bdG CdH dG dhdG SDdG H e YHh ,dH WdG HdG IQGRh e hHh

{ : GH SGQdG fjhGR e IjdG SQdG d jJ SGQO) dH SQdG dG a ICGdG IQU(dG H IGhdGh fEG M . `` z1 .IjdG QdG e ,HdG2006.

13- G. MIALARET, Pdagogie gnrale, Paris, PUF, 1991, p : 491


42

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NdG edG hdG a FS g eeJ dGh jHdG dG a aYe ` LddG h dG eJ cGh Gc

GJIGOCGh ae e J SQdG dGadG a dhCG JdG J SSCG JY b SQ`G dG c GPEGh .SQdG,a T a d ,dG a Gc GQJMJ UCG M ,jCG fe a fEGhFSh hCG jdG ` dG FKdG HGOeh UY dJ iNCG LZGHY Gj e fY Vh Ea ,SGQdG QdGdH dG OdG c ZQ dG T.d HGLh be Lh jd GNDedG Y H dG VdG Gg dhQYH CG ,dG ee a SQdGe g ,dGh dG a SCG H je hj edG e eg f L,dG dSCGh J eh SQdGadG GdG a d jH Y dGhadG LdH gd IQdGh IjdGedG dEG Adc ,a Zj dGGdGh ffCGh WdG UGbCGh

e gZh dG jdGFSdGadG IQdG aY dG jdG iNCGhH gh .dG LdHGh LddGhJLM Jh dG Gg Y hJ TEa ,g eh .beh M jH JZQhJGhOCGh jdG FGWh HSCH SQdGjJ dG LGJ ,dc jdG cGjdGGdG J dG adG H Gc``aG e Y a IjdG adGT c `S`H M I`NCG g `j `dG

CG ah ,e CG a ,Y dG .bh

S2:AGQh J dG GQdG gCG g eM CG EGh ? dCJh SQdG dG fEGaj dG GQdG SQdG dG jJ

? SQeh GJ HdG dG

: aY SQdG dG CG dG eGdG e Y jc GQJh GJjHdG edG H e dG jQdGdG OhM dEa .dG a dGhSQdG dG fc ,VG dG eJ c g SQGe L a edGdH HY LCG GH e eGSGdG d dH HhQhCGh HdG dIjY ce j c e ; fdGM Y fBG dGh d dHfEGh ,a dG dG Y d ,AGSadGh YLG dG Y jCGJ a SQO da .Zh jdGh SdGhe ASCG j J L OGaCG e dG,HdG dG ASCG j e cCG dfc IAGdG c H C ,dG S Y

.dG dG Gg e OQJ

fdG MCG j SQdG dG EGjdh dG d SSCGf eYh ,WdGh adGh YLGH a dCJ j d SQe c agP GQJ dh ,YLGh adGf fCa ,e GQJ Y edP j e e ,WdG Sd Z SdjdGh jdG dG e Jh J edG gh .jQH Y Lh WdGd jJ dEG S dG d SSCGFSdGh FGdG H eh HdG


46

GPEG CG da .d d HUCG JhdP H j fEa ,dG e OJJJ dG iNCG ATCG H e jJWdGh jdGh bNCG dc ,H

.jQdGheY ojh oj dG EG{OGLCG d cJ dG oqdG e o oj

zHCG dEG j gYhEa ,g e .e NCG SQdG dG dCJh YUC ,GdG a FdG jhOCG YUJh dG e Jh dG J dhCG,gOLhh H gj H fc.A`YCG A`T Y ``J f`dG HY ae dEG LH dDdG Ea ddJ CG fCT e dG SSCG YdHQJ ah f Fc Y e edG jHdG GQdG Y jJ J eJMWh JjJ M ; G gOjd SQdG dG Uf EG .aGgCGhH J aeh jd Uf,a Z hCG jQJ hCG aGL ,eGgh ,dP fL dEG J Uf g fEGhYLG OHCG GP kGQaCGh kb ,NCG gT Jh QJ LdjjEGh SShY QaCG J dG QdG ah dGjH QNG j e dZ dG ,dGHdG Y UdG IQGOEG Jh ,IOejQJ Y dG bGj e Hjd S ,dG b e HSGhGg OGaCG jg J fe aK gP

.iNCG dG e Z Y dGdG CH VCG GPEG GjL f bd GMEG dEG YO jdGh Hd WdGdG UGe jJ Y J Wh

edG GgCGh LJ Y jf dGN b j dG SSCG MGdGhdEG Y dG f dG gh .jJeh SQdG dG fEG Y GTEHY IYdG iNCG cGjdG GdGj eh .SQdG dG fL dEG ,dGee aY dG jdG IdG gdG YhdG adG g jdGh HdG,SQdG dG dCd qdG KMCGYdGh dDdG eCG dG HdG dG JaO SSCG Y jTdGhZdG Yh ,Gg .LfEGh dCJ a oJdG IdG CG EG jdG dG Gg gCG eH Y VH fHCG ,J Y eh ,e aJ j dG GdG.a dG hCG gcd g dG jIdG g CG dEG IQTEG QJ g eha cGJ SQdG dG dCJ a IjdGJ UCG dG jHdG edG QJdEG LJ dG dG W e efdG HGdG Y dH dG e TfjObG dG NH J dbCG H J dG gZh fGdGh

.d dGh GWCG SdG WdG S3:Ye dG SQdG dG LGJ

dTEG j dG eCG ,jdG eY a cGjdG IGOCG g e

.adG e

: dG LGJ dG jdG gCG JjdG LddG dG a dG SQdGdTh IdG jOe e LG dGoj T dG adG JG jOdd IdG UdG FSh oe Y


47 OdG3 T2010

bh CG a fhjj dG adG dG YhO ,jeh S H e CG ahdGh SQdG SDdG dEG fGdEG ,dTG H dG ef dEGZ HdG Pf EG e dG j LQOdG HdG PdG Y j CGH edGj e ,edG HdG H J fcY GTEd J CG dG dhdG Y,LJh Jh edG Z HdGd J S dG dGh HdG aa ddGh ddGh dGh IOdGY dG dG gh ; aG e.IdG ie dG dGh JGdG dGdG e Ye hCG c C chjdG dG aO H J CG SQdGacG jL j c H OJ dG

? dG jOdG e a adG

CG j dG HjEG fGdG c ZQhL H e GPEG SQdG dG H j,LfEG a dG e b e cbh AH gh ,c Y Y NDj fEadG dEG j J dG eejh d bGh a dG jdGL a cH QfG hCG GdR ha .eaj ,dG S Y VQCG e effCG a QHEG dEG dG HahXh OdG be Y WdgGQ J aQe j e JHehSQdG dG hJ Qdh .KGMhe d ej bdG e ch ,dG da dG dEG bGdG g Y dG GgdEG j eCa ,dG dH SQdGjRJh YWh VdG a f Hc

fGb e dP H Jj e fL dEGUh NCJ EG ODJ IeL jQGOEG fCGhH aO e Ggh ,dG dEG edGGJ e dG SQdG CH dG dEG HdGdc dG GhOCG g H JY edG YJ T hH fEa ,gMha zde GRS{ H e Ggh GfG

.zdG a SQdG{ Hc

a H e SQdG dG ee EGJ a ,dG Y J Lh Jj dG KGMCG Y INCe QGSHUb bJh j c dG.HSCGh JdBG a a Zjh QNCGJ cGjO IGOCG SQdG da ddhdEG d J e cCG VH dG Hda jh KGMCG j Lh Y bGhdG S f g eh .ce MdGh dG Gg e H IOLdGdG VdG LCH fQe SQdG

.dG LQO dEG J fc

S4:a dG CG dEG JTCG CG SadG e a dEG Y INCG GdGdG dCd jTdGh dDdG eCGdG GfCG OJ CG hJ a .SQdGIOL e adG a gj CG j SQdG

? dG dG

: e j e dG IOdGGQdGh gdG c CT fCT ,VdGQTEGh jYdG VGZCG a XJ dGe CGh UN ,GP hCG dG Gg edM a dJ d dG gdG e IOdGe e GQb Nj dG dGh HdG


48

e a .dG a bNCG OdGIQdGh ObG MQ a YJVM ,f c ,c gh ,YdGhdG NCG J dG SdG adGa b e dG J e e ,AGdGhe a IOdG Y jdG EG .dGSQdG dG IOL ,UN LHh ,dGa IOdG aGJ dG e c GPEG e hCG,SQdG dG OJ GPEG dG dGg ,UdG GH SSCGh VGh g e EadG dG a IOdG Y jdG CGMGeh UY c a IOdG aGJ j.a gUY MCG a dh dG gIOdG Y jdG j fCG HadG dG OGYEG Y H dGSGQO e OLhh ,PSCd LZGdGhaGJh ,eGeh aGgCG a Qeh KGMJ Ua J ,IYe jQGOEG jHJ HLh ,AGS M Y dGh SQdGGd dG j a dG YdGdG ,bdG JfeEGh JGQb Y dGdGh jHdG SQdG U e g

.dEG ... IOdH dG

Ea ,JGP M a SQdG dG OJ eCGjJ Y PSCG Yj CG a fCT eeh dG d eAe aCG QNGdH Ggh .adGh jdG JGQehIOL J iNCG UY V GY jY OYG j fCG Z .dG dGGeCG J IGOCc c IY hCG Mh dGgJ j d e ,QdG c kGUbjdG dG gaj iNCG GhOCGh FSH

.dG a j dG

S5:dG H dG dG g ea da h Lf J IGOCG SQdG

? eh Qe dY

: e c e f GDdG Gg Y GdG SQdG dG EG .HS dEG IQTEG Jd e dGh LdG QhO ODj CG jhP e Ye Jh OGYEG a Qja dG SCGQ Y ,UNGLZGdG a dGh ,fdGLdSdGh LddG a dGha dGh ,cGjdG a dGhdG e gZh ,dG SGQdGYW e dGh dG fGdG aa dG ge LCG e ,gZh GNEGhSQdG dG JCj M ,LfEGh UaKh fGLhh dG Y WeFbG a aGdG jd kGeh ,YhdG SQdG dG EG .c H JAGbhZQ J J edG hdG JQJh U IOL H ,dEG LJ Y,Jee VY fh gQUh LGNEGWJ dG ee fGL Y gf

.c a dG T

IOL Y Yj dG fdG SSCG fGhdG Y OYH dG dGd NCG G g I YG e g SQ dGgL e J a j jdG dGVY Y dG j CG j a ; JGdGa dG e Qj CG hO edGjH dP j CG jh ,HcGh FH

.dG Y TG dSCG YGJ jQJ

CG dG SQdG dG CT e fCG c


49 OdG3 T2010

H UGd kGLh fG f jj dG iNCG SGQdG OGdG eaQe Hd J Y a ,dG

.YLGh dG SH

UdG dG SQdG dG CGdEG OGYEG a Goj d e dc j CG jUY ,dEG IQTEG J dG hdG fLFSG Y a ,dLh J ,iNCGCG j dG dG GdG dSDdG a eGSG b jSGQO AGLEG e H PEG ,Jh dGY H Yah GhL Y fGe,dG SDdG e IOhe YSSCG hdG Y aGJ ie adQGUEG j c .dSG gNj dGCG hO dG dEG Lj SQe c CG

M PSCG dEG Le UN dO aGj.dSG oj

H e c SQdG dGhfejdG dEG QGSH j SGQdG dGf Qe J dG LGdGh dGhcGeh ,dGh HdG a IOdG J

e g JGQeh aQeh JeeaCG Z .HcG dG j dG MdGd GQhO J d e j eCG GgGNCGh hCG g jdG e b e,jHdG hTdGh edGh IJSCGa UNG hP geh QHhSQdG dG j M ,VdGj fCGh UN ,e HdG GgCGIOdG GdG b e Gc jJ dG

.b e dP dEG fTCG c ,FSdG


50

fcdG iTHh j H LZGdG eGdGh cGjdG dG cH MHjReCG ad dG dG

dG dG PdGh jQdG PdG H SQdG dG(LPf jReCG dG jQJ)

edG e J dG dG dG jYdG jdH jdGh Hd WdGdEG edG a J S gh .dGhjQdG Y SDdG PdG e fG

.dGh dG Y e Pf dEG

CG Qj jQdG PdG c GPEGY dG j ,Sf dBG Y IQY dGLh ,jdGh jcdG JGQe jJdEG H Vh edG J Y GQObdG Y SDdG PdG Ea ,HGg IQH ,AT c bh hCG ,j ,dGh`eGh Q`G j` Y dGM Qe dEG ,JQTEG gQ VJ dG

(Viables)WN a LeOEGh ,dehddG a Y IYdG fCT e cGQOEG

.a KCdGh

PdG Ea ,jdG ie Y eCGe dG J Y cj dG dGGg dh .adG jdG eOEGh SGbEd d dH GaM j e gj e N Y ,cCG H dG YQdG Y Jj dG jQdG PdG a

jQGdG(savoir redire) .dG jH

dG PdH TG j

,cGjdG FSdG SG Y dGHJ T bh .SQdG dG ShOGYEG jReCG ad dG dGHJ ,PdG Gg ah SQdG dGPf MCG Y OdG Gg a cSh .IefdG dG c g ,SQdG dG g

.IjdG U a FGHG dG eGQdG a jReCG dG nLQrOoCG,jdGh Hd WdG ed SGQdG

SGQdG dG N ,e g c2004-2003,cGjdG GdG aJ YSG dG eCGdG H dG LZGdG eGdGhdG g SCG bh .dG dGQYH jReCG ad dG dJh hH ,dH d gDdG SDdGJ ,QWEG Gg a .WdG HdG IQGRh eY J j H SQdG dG OGYEG

OdG idG1c a SQe c H ,jf e FGHG dG J CG dEG S

SGQdG dG2009-2008c OGYEG c .cGQ CG H ,FGHG dG e fdG dGQGUEGh OGYEG e a e HJ dGeG LZGdG eGdGh SQdG dGdG Gg AL bh ; bCG Y GS dWdG edG GfG S a dc

-1aCG dG CG M a ,jQJ H SGQdG jdG a LGQOEG jReCG d OdG dH f.WdG idG Y dG SDdG c a LGQOEH Jj


51 OdG3 T2010

j jL LZGH TQh a jdGh Hd,jdG LZGH ICGLC e QWEG HH

.eOEG LZGH a dGh

e HdG MdG QSG J dS ,dG Gg ZU IOYEG a GdGGQhdG N IJSCG Y Y dG J,WdG HdG IQGRh J dG jdG,jReCG ad dG dG e WCHjh .dhCG W iH dGh

: a MdG g UN M

dG a IOQGdG FGdG UdG W,fdG d SQdG dG e dhCGedG e Ic c Y gDhGMGh; d HSG IQdG e SJ

a SQdG dG NGO fCG jJ e Zh e H dhCG dG

.adG jdG AH Y Yj

d adG dG UH eCG : j e a gM a ,IjdG dG

cGjO e ah dG AHe YdG d J eh dT,SQdG dG j dG VdG

; HdG Jd QSG N e

Y IQY Ib FGb Uf OYGXJ M j e `` VhiNCGh ,d HdG GQdGh GQdGJ dG d Ijeh jRGe

J H ,a SQdG dG SG YiNCG cGjO eGM QSG dEGdGh IQdG aCGh bdG OQGdc

...IQdG LdGh

J YO a bdG OQGdG XJ EGCGe ah j ,jReCG dG Jha gdG jH JCj e QH ,adGPSCG e c jQeCe Jh dG AHadG jdG e YdG a dGhe f CG jh .SGQO ie c a

: HdG edG UdGdG e eGdG g eJ ie adedG ie Y IQdG SQdGGQdG Jh YO a geh ,fCGh

.SQdG dG aj dG jdGheNhSQdG dG EG dG j ,

ie ch ,eY jReCG dG ad e j ,UN fdG dGV adG Ge j dG SQdGj e jh ,dG dG PdGAYEG S a LddGh dG QdGdG J Y ,SQdG d ee YdGh Jh JGQb jJ eVdG M jH ,jJh QdGd j e ,gZh UCG SQdG,aQe jH a d ,dG jf a

.dG jg AHh jH fEGh

2- Ad Nlmd Tifinaghe, CD-ROM, lapprentissage de lalphabet tifinaghe, 2008, centre de recherche didactique et de programmes-pdagogiques, IRCAM. Disponible sur le site-web www.iracm.ma

- Ecole Amazighe, CD-ROM, aide supplmentaire lapprentissage de lalphabet amazighe. 2008, CRDPP&CEISIC IRCAM.Disponible sur le site-web : www.iracm.ma.

j dG fCG d jJ N e jReCG dG a dG Yj edG HdG UdG Gg ``AH j H ,FGHG dG e fdG dG ie UN Hh jdG e a SQdG dG

.J fCG SGH GQdG QJ ie e dGh dG

2 ad Nlmd Tifinaghe


52

-1? fBGdG dG Y g e

Y{ jCG jh ,fBGdG dG YzUGdG1jBG GMCG Y a j Y{ g ,

c a jBG OY M e jdG BGdGzJN g eh ,jBG SCGQ g eh ,IQS2.

eh HdG e ,Ge YJh dG Gg feh dhGdG OGYCG eCG .AdG e gH

: a ,gGhQ

-1gCG Y adG gCG GhQ ,hCG fdG dG.e e dEG j dh ,jdG

-2L H YSEG GhQ ,fdG fdG dGH e H S Y fdG dbh

.Y abe Th L HCG Y ,RL

-3c H dG Y jGhQ e gh ,dG dGSY HG Y L H ge Y ,QdG .Y abe c H HCG Y Y dG VQ

-4HCG HG Y jdG IM GhQ : adG dGH Y Y dG MdG Y HCG Y dIM Y GhQ c .Yae dW HCG

.gZh Y H Sh FdG

-5UY Y be gh ,dG dG

GQdG Y H dG GhQ ,QdGY fT H Th GdG H gh

.QdG dG HCG H UY

-6AQdG J H jCG GhQ ,edG dG.Y abe QedG QdG H j YeY H dGY Y bhCG e gh

.eO gCG Y Ggh .AQdG dG

-7bhCG ,dG dG g HS Y ghMQ Ge H dN HdG Y M gCGjj H jT dEG dG aVCGh ,dG

. M gCG Ae

-2IOe a gCGh fBGdG dG SQdG ch eSEG HdG

dG Ve a dG Qj e debCG a Gc Qj KM g CG fBGdGHdG IOe ah ,fH fdG dHcP c fCG dG dP e .eSEGY dG c QS e IQS jJ a ,JJjBG OY CG ,e IdG IQS dh ,Lh

) Feh fKh jBG N285EG ,(jBGfKh jBG S OdG H : NBG J Uh

) Feh286SQdG Nj e dZh .(jBG

d MfdG dH eSEG HdG IOd L e edaJ Sd jdG jOcCG

fdH SQdG dG a fBGdG dG

-1 zIOdG e{ a IOGR ic TW cP(3/394)fZ.O NCG Yh zahMh Jch JjBGh QS OY ae Y{ Sh : U d J ee a c zfBGdG OdG Y{ J `` dG MQ fGd zdG{ c e `` dG Qhb03.

-2 : ,hHh GU `` jdG `G ,S`e gG`HEG Y GR`dG `Y .BG`dG CG Y dEG dG Te1989-1/1409 : U30.


53 OdG3 T2010

IQS jBG OY : M e cc{ :FbjGhQ a Feh fKh N IdGjGhQ a Feh fKh Sh ,MCG hO ,e VH dG jh TQh

.jGhQ Y dCe dCdG CG Qj

JjBG OY ,de a ,IdG IQS EGCG) RdG dH jBG Feh fKh NdHh (fdGh hCG fdGh dGFb AGS ,(dGh edG CG) edGCG ,gh .M hCG TQh jGhH IQdGdH Feh fKh jBG S ,IQdGFeh fKh jBG Sh ,adGhCG M jGhH gfCGb AGS dH

.jCG TQh jGhH

CG j (HdG) dG CG Y GPEGhCGh ,e fBGb OGYCG OLH j ATdG YG H BG dhGdG MdGfdG dG Hh ,cCG gh ,adGH j b edG CG j e ,fdGHh ,fdG fdG g Y e Y

.adG g Y e Y NBG

} : g ,fdG fdH ,jBG ghJBG dhJGh ,`SdH `H e bh dG Se,S`dG hH fjCGh dG je H Y`fCG i`J ` `SQ `cA`L aCG

.| J jah ,Hc ja ,JSG

: g jBa ,adG dH eCGdhCG }`j `a I``NB`H `f`dG I`dG Gh`TG jdG

.| hj g h GdG ``Yb gh

jBGH CG dP eh .IQdG a HdGH jNBGh ,jB H JCS edG

.gH dG ?dG e SQdG dG eJ a

UdG c J H ,dG jdG dP a IOQGdG fBGdG3j d fCG ,

,Ie adH NCj fEGh ,FGO e H.iNCG Ie fdG fdHh

SQ LJ Z dEG Oj dG dhzj{ LJ e c e dG ,VdG ae{ gCd SdG FKdG iMEG a ALCG LdG cj PEG .zfdG dG OYG Mc Jed{ Vj CG PSCG YjGH a dPh ,SQdG dG e edGfGdG j VJ SGQdG SdG

z...JBG4: eh ,fGdG J cjh ,e eJ J dG LdG VJ{,fdG dG OYG : M e jdG BGdGa fdG SdGh ,IAGdG a TQh jGhQh

zHdG5. `` g BG dhGdG MdG CG Hhc

dH eEGh ,adG dH eEG `` dG SOYG PEG OdG j ,fdG fdGGg OYG dh .hCG fdG fdG dGa H dG dG gdG e j dGe jBG dG j QcdG dG PEG ,fH

.adGh d aN ,JdGdG d zPSCG dO{ CG MdGhEG ,adG dH j OGYEG a SQdG

-3.edG dG dG ad dG a bdG j d PEG ,jQddG d IOdG c g f-4 fdG dH edG IJSCG jJ SG M .WdG HdG IQGRh1994 U77.-5 U . f78.


54

``H`dG{ ``dO e `c `ez``e`SEG.AGSEG IQH Y d OGYEG ddG da J jHJ IPGd e b acPh ,zjSCGh YLG HdG IMh{IQS{ CG zUdG KJ{ Me a

JjBG OYh e zAGSEG1106BG OY gh ,fdG eh ,OGYCG L a IQdG

Oda adG a EG ,fdG111dG g a .H HdG Gg e OYG j dG

?jdG

: SQG dG EG dG j LEGh

-1H Y a ANCG H a bh.jBG Y Z ah jBG

-2.a IQcdG jBG a Me H j dh

jQhV Y CG fG CT e EGhdEG QeCG J CG SQdG dG jdJ CG j dG J CG Z .HfOJ `` UNG hP Y `` Kh QhH

.OYG dG dG f

-6.DheRh gGdG dG(eSEG HdG) U ,PSCG dO OGYEG dhCG d63.


GAG````b


56

Qe e SQdG dG QJeOEG LZGH

`` RLhQ aGd zeOEG LZGH { c a IAGb ``

HdG jdG YMH PSCGSe `` IJSCG jd dG SQG

Qe e SQG d RLhQ dG MdG QJ RGHEG bQdG g hJLZGH{ `H SdG Hc e SdG dG a dY dG QdG gh ; eOEG LZGH

zdG e eOEGh jdG ,eOEG1 .dG RGHEG b ,dG Gg ee M eY Ia AYEG e jGdG a SCH hdCJ a YG fCG dEG RLhQ QTCG a .SQdG dH dG dDdG Qd jdGdG a dG eOEG M HCGh jdG YCG e Ye Y dHdG `` : a dG dG YCG e Ye Y jCGh ; (chO HCG UNh)

: FGHG dG a zSSCG jdG{ efd dGh dG

.dG fdG dG a dG RfEG Heh jHdG jTdG jJ

.H ffdG edG IJSCG e jd LZGdG jdG

.dG eOEH dG MUEG e Ye He

.fjQH FGHG dG H dG eOEG a dG Heh IQH

OGdG eOEG SSCG Y ,a a fdGh FGHH SQdG dG RfEG He.dGh

.NGH eOEG Qe e SQdG dG dDe jJ

dH ,LeOEG Qe e VjdG a SQdG dG e S RfEG Y GTEG.dG FGHG SQd

: b Y dG RJ bh

,hCG bdG eOEG a d ge QWEG Vh a J ,a HQCG j.dTCG eh gG JGJeh jdG SCGh eOEG Gg fgQ deh

1- Xavier ROGIERS, avec la collaboration de Jean-Maris DE KETELE, Une pdagogie de lintgration, comptence et intgrationdes acquis de lenseignement, ditions DE BOECK universit, Bruxelles, 2e d.2004, Chap. 9, Les implications de lapdagogie de lintgration sur les manuels scolaires, pp. 259/284.


57 OdG3 T2010

hK bjJ J a N Jh ,jdG Jh eOEG LZGH M QY dP KCJh eOEG LZGH Qe e dG e IQHh VdGh jdG

.SQdG dG RfEG Yh edG e Jh dG

SQdG d RLhQ eb dG QdG g a .g j dG g NCG dG Ggh ?

Jh QdG f : a dG SQdG dG FXH jGdG a dDdG fcjeb Y a ; LeOEG Y IYdGh jJh dG YJh jdGh GQdGFe L FXdG g CH M bh .adGh YLG HdHh Le XHj dh .LeOEGh jdGh GQdG J hJ dG d LeOEG HQdG e

: gh bCG Y Wd j CG Y ,ee SQdG dG

; J j dG jdG d J

.jdG g M IQe LeOEG fC J

: gh ee SQe c Ad SSCG MGe N RLhQ bG ,OdG GHh

; jdG H jJ

; SQdG dG NGO eOEG fCG GQOEG

; IFGdG edG M

; jdH UN fGL J

.jdG J Qe e SQdG d eJh IjL H

e bfG ,SQdG dG M eY QaCH a j eCG CG dEG dDdG f bha ,VdG Gg J e ee Y dG fOQCG e GPEG eCG ; LeOEG QJ

SQdG dG fEGh QJ M hOjQ GfGa c dEG LdG2.

.dG MGdG g e Me c Y e H bdG BG fh

-1 jdG H jJae j dd ,c Z j SQdG dG NGO eOEG fCG H GQOEG EGe OYG RLhQ jh .LJ Y IYdG jdG jJh fCG g LJ cH j e GQOf ,bCG OY jJ C ,SQe c c a jc S dEG HQCG H.SQdG d LeOEG UdG j fEa ,cCG OdG c GPEG eCG ; HdG edG

2- Cf. Franois RICHAUDEAU, Conception et production des manuels scolaires, Guide pratique, Unesco, Duculot, Gemloux,Belgique, 2e rimpression, 1986, 290 pages.


58

-2 eOEG fCG GQOEG

dGh dG Mh SG fCG :ddG fCG eOEG SGH dG Yjeg j jNCG WdG jg CG MdGh .ddGh jdGh dGh dGJh ; Ya QYH dG M gcH eOEG fCG Jh .SQdG dG NGO

.QGSH jL g d Jh d dH e cGh OQGdG e Ye

-3 IFGdG edG Me cf eGY IY dEG dP Ljh ,jdG IQGZ g ,ddG a SQdG dG j ech ; edG ac J SQe aH Jj SQdG dG e c OY c : HdG W e j SQdG dG Ch .UCG adG g J GQdGh gdG

. QdH De j AYh HH QYG g dG M FdG QdG Ea ,IOG a

IQhV Y cDJ fCG EG ,jdG QhO J eOEG LZGH CG e ZdG Yhe GPEG EG Fe j idG Ea{ ,iNCG Hh .J j dG jd eAe

zjdG cG a gS3M ,FGHG SQdG a ic gCG GP dG Y hJh ..zSSCG jdG{ J g dG j

-4 jdH UdG fGdG J

jQhdG GQdH j hCG U : QYG H LdG e U NCf CG Y jf CG g dG Ea ,T VH dG YJ jdG fc GPEG ,e ; jdG ceOEG aK J dEG a ,fdG dG eCG .T dSQ J Y IQdG dG id

: ddG Od jh

; Le jc M jdG H

; QYG H edG J NCG

; dG QdG J Y dG

; edG id dG fCGh gdG dG H gG

; OGdG H HdGh NGdG J

; JbS a eCG Vh

.VdG J LGe c edG J

3- Xavier ROEGIERS, op, cit., p.268.


59 OdG3 T2010

-5 jdG J Qe e SQdG d edG dG

: UdG GH HQe LJ

; SQG dG NGO YJ dJ dG jd zIce{ HQe

.bdG f a J j dG jd zeGe{ hCG zaGe{ HQe

H UdG SdG GQOEG e dG J a jd zIcdG{ HQdG jGe Jh.VdG J de e jQJ Jh dEG dH LdG jdG Vhh gUY

eOE adG bdG Y aJ Yh dH dG QT feEG a a ,JS eCGjQdG eOEG Y J H de dG Ea , dG c ch .Je

.d

GbGh ,dG id QdG J RhH de SQdG dG CG g UdGh .LeOEG Y dGh jJh dG jH J fCG


60

cJ IAGb : SQG dG SGQO

d QW : REGe G Y : LJd YCG H dGh SGQdG jje

: ddG fdG d cJ IAGb G Gg j

:hOjQ GfGaFGLEG dO :LfEGh SQG dG QJ ,fdG GQe .1986, 289U1.

: (GTEG ) jEG Za `` ZQZdGh SQG dG,zjHJ GAd{ Y . OdG23 ,LZGdG d WdG cG ,1989 , 125U2.

: g gSQG dG HZ ,jQH ,S GQe .1989 ,203U3.

: HT CGgVMh jQ`J :SQG dG ,jQ`H ,Tg GQe .1992 ,203 U4.

,G FXhh YGfCG Jh ,SQG d eEG Qb bO jJ d jhdSGh JAGb Wh ,Y G SGQdGh SQG dG QJ Y jCG cdG e

.Jh

-1Je L KEG eg GJ ,SGQdG OGGh dG SCG ,SQG dG aY

: GdG Y g ,HGe KK e dG dG

dG IOjdG EG SCG SGQdG Ie SJh SQdG J aO M ,ObG GJ g dG g GN Sh aCG CG hjh .SQG dG Ab G eRdG

...G Gg HQG adG GP hdG H hdGh dG g fE dLEG dG

dGh dG jdG Y KDJ SQG dG QJ c CG dP ,LZGdG GKh WJQG JJ dG Gg H CG c .G WG fGh LdjjEGhKDJh ,(...YL ,jOa ,f LJ ,ec LJ LZGH) IG LZGdH

.Gh SQG H LZGdG bdG Y c H

1- RICHAUDEAU Franois, Conception et production des manuels scolaires guide pratique, UNESCO, 1986, 289 p.2- GINSBURGER-Vogel Yvette : Des manuels pour apprendre, Rencontres pdagogiques N 23, INRP, 1988, 125 p.3- HIOT Hlne, Dans la jungle des manuels scolaires, Editions Seuil, 1989, 203 p.4- CHOPPIN Alain, Manuels scolaires : histoire et actualit, Editions hachette, 1992, 203 p.


61 OdG3 T2010

Se edG G SQG dG SG j M ,YLG Gd QNG IQhdH J dG HG adG EG dG adG e edG fhCG GdG e G T NGO J dG dhGG LQGdG d d SQ

.dd

-2G FXhh YGfCGh SQG dG jJ-1.2SQG dG jJ

Le e e SQG dG{ : dc SQG dG zhOjQ GfGa{ j .zY G jdGh dG Y NGO Sd

-2.2 SQG dG GfCG

: U H eY dG j

jG d f Jd NGdG FH J dG SQG dG e UhCG dG gCGh Yfh b H eG QNG b e je ah ,fCGh,d LdjjEGh adG dGh LQG G e eAeh ,eY OcCGSdG IYGe GNCGh ,JAGb J e SQG dG e e Lhd bdG G Y J UGG g c .GMdGh ed LZGdG

.SQG

Y OYG dG eG e Y VJ dG LG dH j U.LG Y

-3.2SQG dG FXh

dG CG e hCG edG GgCG e bfG SQG dG FXh j : SSCG FXh K H dG ,edG GgCG e fG GPEa .LZGdG

,SQG dG j dG QG H JJh ,(dG hCG) OcCG XdGGQJ SQG dG j ,dP Y c) dEG j dG aG LdjjEHh

.(...jQdG Y e

.dG Hh TGdG H UGdGh jHdG bdG f Jh ,LZGdG XdG

M `gh SQG `dG `H `SQG `dG `bY h ,`SDG XdG.SGQdG jGh dGh SCG

: g ,SSCG FXh K H dG a ,LZGdG dG CG e fG GPEG eCG

; eG fh QNEG Xh


62

; gh dG J Xh

jJh LQG dG GQOEG ,TGdG hCG dG Lj SQG da) LdG Xh.(dG QdG UJ e dGh aG GG

-4.2SQG dG UCG

zHT{ M SQG d U g(1992)bdG H SQe c : g , .SQe GH hCG U ,dCJ H ,cG ch ; d

FXh H dPh ,SQG dG e IOe GfCG H dG j ,JGP dG SQG LC CG ,dGh dG LC LG dG g : jdGh dG H bYdSG j dG dG gh ; YG hCG OdG d LG dG gh ; dGh

.SQG QG cGh dG Y G LG dG GNCG gh ; dG HdG SQG dG aGJ dG LZGdG eGGh dG g ,dP He d Ie J e dZ gh ; (..dGh jQdG ch ,SQd LG Fdc)e Q Mh H ,SGQO ah ,SGQO ieh ,e SQe IO Jeh dG J c ; G VGh e d J QG e d J a .QG e

.(dG NGO) OdG hCG (dG NGO) YG Sd JGP bdG

-3SQG dG IAGbH QNG j je jCG ah :b e SCG Y SQG dG IAGb dCe IGOCG d c ? SGQdG iG hCG dG H J dG SQG dG dSCGh dG jH eCG j M ? G e fe GQL SJ CG cG

c aJ c ? JGP KdG e G L IOSG Qf c ,LZGdGSQe? LZGdG SQG jdG d jQhdG SG fhe e

Gg SH G QH JJ e SQe c XJ CG CG bGdGhG XdG CGh SQG d J dG fG f CG g h .dG,dG id gaJ G jdG J ,dHh .SG hH bY QSHhCG ,dG QN SQG d T SG : SG e H dG e j J

.NGO YL SGa Ea ,SQG W e e SQe c hCG c QNG a j dG dG hj ,VGG H Gch ,MG gd dG jRdGh ,edG hCG SQdGbdH J dG fCG CG c .SQG dG fe fQe GL eg GYhCG GdCH eCG J AGSh .bH JjJ edG CG EG f GL eg c Y

dG dG d je J dG g Ea ,SQG dG G G GfCHJ


63 OdG3 T2010

SSCG T SQG dG jGH VhG RedG a EGh .JJGJh G HY dG Y edG j GL Ie GhOCG SQG dG J ,eYh .G dS

.eG g Z e IOSG e jQdG fCG REG Y OdG CG c .eG

-4SQG dG QJ-1.4 Ye cGjO P

jh .LZGdG GhOCG e Ye Y j CG SQG dG Qj j: dP d GQN eeCG

YGh ,jQdG c) Jh SQG dG aGJ dG LZGdG GhOCG jJdG dG jce GQhO SQG d j QG Gg CG eh .(...G

.Je J c Ea ,dG

`S `j Q`N `gh ; iNCG `LZG`dG GhOCG `UN SQ`G `dG `J .hCG e c bCG fc ZQ Ic

-2.4SQG d OG G QJ

H SQG dG fEG c e Yd IjG LddG SG J b d IQdG f UCG .e%50EG AdG CG c .feh dG g IOe e

.GL GQe GeCG UCG (OSCGh ,UCG ,edG ,dG) dG PdG-3.4SQG dG fE IOG hdG

: gCG ,SQG dG dCJ Y QYG H gNCG j IY eGY g: SDG edGie dh SGQO IOe d MGh SQe c J j g

HLEG LC ? J je Sd Hb MGh c dCJ CG ,JJ IGOCG SQG dG j CG Lh GPEG e khCG Qf CG j ,GDdG Gg Y

.e H j CG hCG ,(d Le) d Sh hCG ,(SQd Le): SQG gCH G edGNBG eY LZGdG jJh SQG gCJ j

.dCJh SQG dG Qd GO: dG LZGdG QdH bY LdjjEG dH UG edGg J

Y dEG fG GL e GeCG j ,dP eh .Y HLEG j SCG e Y: SCG g gCG .dCJh SQG dG QJ

`` CGcG jd Rf CG j g ? AT c bh hCG d HcEG Of dG e f CGEG f CG ,edG JM ITe XJ Y GQe CG ,SSCG Qe

? gjJh YGHEG JGQb J


64

`` jg jJ EG hCG G f CG ,jOdGh jG aNG jJ f g? Jh jJh Wh

`` ? QGG hO e ebEG Of bdG e f CG-4.4 SQG dG e

: SQG dG e SSCG Oe fK g`` CGdG MG QhG jhY VJ CG G e ,dd .gfGh QdG If L

.d`` jhdG Hc gOYG a ,IRQdG jdG G g QdG fG j e CG

.YdG jhdGh FdG `` MG NGO dH dPh ,WN ach g NdG hO G dG RGHEG

.dG NGO H dG AdG ZQdG`` OjJ e VQj a .FSdG ObH SQG dG d dG GNEG j

.f dG NGO H ,IMGdG dG NGO hG ach ch dSCG `` `g,d dG MG dEG LM g dG eG Y eCG hCG QdG j

.SQG dG NGO dG Y LJ dG dG h`` hU OhM RhJ CG jT ,QdG fG QKCG c ,Ic VdG fc c

.ec`` R.OSCGh HCH eSdG e fd IQKEG cCG fG eSdG

`` cdG XdH dPh ,d fMCGh ,HdGh SOdG jCGG EG UdG U Y MGh SQ VH AcG EG ,dP Y c .HGdGh ddGh hCG EGd

.GdCH IY SQ Vh e cCG QdG fG S ,H ae ,AH-5.4 IAGdG Yh SQG dG d

LQO EGh .G Gg GL SSCG QcSGh IAGdGh HdG H FdG HGhdG EGedG EG .LZGdG dd Qe aCG ,e hCG ,UdG e d dG QcSGe H HGh ,e H HGG ,SG G cJ e ,c H ,j

.fdEG oranO ,IjL ge hCG c J e edG J dG FSdG H eh AedG id J dG gh) zHG{ ha MCG j dG ,zcdG a{ `H UN SM J:jdG LddG SGQdG NGO eYO c bW EGh .(dG MdG

: ddG jCGd j QcSG CG cCG dG jG


65 OdG3 T2010

M j d LG gd G dH jh ,JdGh `dG CGè.gQcSGh

.(e SdG) e IQU hCG ,zgP IQU{ Y , dP c c ,gG SM CGeW e IAGd LG UdG HU ie QN e J g ,iNCG L e G W e jCG QNG Gg j .zedG QNG{ SG Y j ,edGY gh .IAGd HdG U :fj e J jH dPh ,IAGd UdG Hb

zQjJ . jh{ YCG Y f(Wilson L. TAYLOR) .j UdG a .SQG dG Uf a GQhO jjdG YG J c,NBG EG e e fd cCG b J CG j c .zH M e e{ J CGdG Hc hCG j ie Y ,QJ ,g e .NBG EG LZGH JGJ ie eh(Ga hCG) Y{ J e UY EG UdG e f c J IQhV ,SQG`j u`Le N H ``J ,`G `H è HGhQ e`bEG `j ,d`d z`jj eR hCG b T LG G Gg NCj b .gP HQ Y dH gcJh ``M;

Ga hCG Y Y SQG dG J j CG jh .IQe b jQS hCGj CG Y j CG j ,eYh .J QdG dG Y j ,f Ib jj

.zddG hCG fdG IcGdG{ dG id

-5SQG dG dG: GfCG KK EG SQG dG dG RJ

; LfEGh SQG dG jJ j dG MGG Y j hCG f

; JGP c SQG dH SSCG j K f

.SQG dG g J SQj ddGh-1.5 SQG d f a LC UY

,UGdG ,G : g ,FN HQCG Y YCG ZCG SQG dG j . OG G ,G

`` CG,Y hCG ,LdjjEG hCG ,aK `` SS `jhGR e SQ`G dG è hJ .LZGH hCG

`` ,dSdG TCHh ,Uh UGdG Gg SQG dG NGO UGdG j.ach ,IAGd Hbh

`` `d`SGh ,`NCG Gg `H à ,SQ`G dG `G `G `SGQO èCG .eAeh


66

M Y IQdGh M Y cJh ,Oe Vc SQG dG SGQO GNCG J `` O .ch ,dSGh Jh

: g ,HQCG QhG g e Q d GTDG e GfCG KK Vh bh

dG J Y Y G dG UdG) TG GQOEd Hb GTDeSQG; (ITe

; (c ) J Y J GTDe

.e Yf hCG c LJ GTDe-2.5 SQG dG J

: bCG Y SCG Kd ,jQhV GeCG dG ah SQG dG J j``: hCG; dG jG c h ,SGQdG OGG L dG T gQfG

: dGh ``; gjJh : ddGh ``J dG hCG ,IG eGdGh AJ dG SQG dG QfG bGe

.SQG SDG gJ dG jddG L Y J C Hb J d T jJ h Ea ,dP eh

: g ,L HU H J ,SQG

; SQG IOG UN

LQNh dG NGO ,edGh SQG W e SQG d dG SG g;

.dG GhOCG dG: EG AdG j e dZ ,dG VdG d M OjEG LCh

; jTdGh SQG W e ehe dG j ,QGOEG J

; e AGN SQ J

Gg jh .Jh SQG dG jJ GhOCG e b SQG jJ.jTdGh dDGh MdG e c jdG

-3.5SQG dG M GQGh SGQdG

EG SGQdG g Jh .Gc G SQG dG V J dG SGQdG J: ee Yf

eAe VH ,dM G SQG dG SGQO EG j f LGg hP hCG.j H ej Sj G e e QL GQfGh UG dG e


67 OdG3 T2010

,dG SQG d SGQO e bfG Qj CG EG j eCJ LGg hP dGhJSQ Y dG HW AVEG b dPh ,J QJ H j jQJ GJ

.dG J Se je j hCG ,dGc SQG dG Y ,L hCG ,KH cJ cGe UG dG hO LJ c

: dG hG OQGh g

(..LZGH ,LdSS ,cGjO) G dGh ,gZh cGG g OLh ZQOdGh QGdH J e dZ SGQdG Ea ,dG Iah e dh eh ,SGQd GGh

.LJh jJh dG Ff UJ LC cGG H hdG J EG Yj eCG ghUJ Y H c M ,hCG Ic ,Qj ,SQG dG M dG Ff UdL e .aGZdG G d H jJ j eCG

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