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昭和大学薬学雑誌 第3巻 第1号
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Cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase
Yoshihito NakataniFaculty of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
Abstract
Biosynthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the most common prostanoid with potent and various biological activities, is regulated by three sequential steps of cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. This review focuses on cytosolic PGE synthase (cPGES/p23), a terminal enzyme of the COX-mediated PGE2 biosynthesis. cPGES/p23, which is purified from cytosol of LPS-treated rat brains, is selectively co-operated with COX-1 to mediate immediate PGE2 production. Association of cPGES/p23 and Hsp90 is increased in cells stimulated with Ca2+ mobilizer, accompanied by concomitant increases in cPGES/p23 enzymic activity and PGE2 production. cPGES/p23 also underwent phosphorylation by protein kinase CK2, leading to increase in cPGES/p23 enzymic activity and association of cPGES/p23 with Hsp90. cPGES/p23-deficient mice are perinatally lethal and embryos homozygous for cPGES/p23-null exhibit abnormal morphology of skin and lungs. Moreover, the PGE2 content in the lungs of cPGES/p23-deficient embryos is lower than that of wild-type, suggesting that cPGES/p23-derived PGE2 is involved in the normal development of mouse embryonic lung. Of interest, in cPGES/p23-deficient fibroblasts, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), an initial PGE2 inactivating enzyme, is down-regulated as compared with wild-type-derived cells. Furthermore, forcible expression of cPGES/p23 resulted in facilitation of 15-PGDH promoter activity. These results imply that the PGE2-inactivating pathway is controlled by the PGE2-biosynthetic enzyme, cPGES/p23.
Key words : prostaglandin E2, protein kinase CK2, heat shock protein 90, knockout mice, 15-hydroxyprostaglnadin dehydrogenase