Top Banner
 Эксплуатация и техника пилотирования серийных планеров. Москва. ДОСААФ 
51

Эксплуатация серийных планеров (2)

Oct 17, 2015

Download

Documents

Эксплуатация серийных планеров
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    1/51

    .

    .

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    2/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    2

    : , . ,

    .

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    3/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    3

    :

    ____________________________________________________________________ 7

    , ______ 7

    1. . __________________________________________________ 7

    2. ________ 91. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 92. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 93. __________________________________________________________________________________ 94. __________________________________________________________________________________ 95. _________________________________________________________________ 96. __________________________________________________________________________________ 97. (______________________________________________________ 98. _______________________________________________________________________________ 99. ____________________________________________________________________________ 910. _______________________________________________________________________ 911. ___________________________________________________________________________ 1012. __________________________________________________________________________________ 1013. _____________________________________________________________________ 1014. . _____________________________________________________________________ 1015. ________________________________________________________________________________ 1016. __________________________________________________________________________ 1017. _________________________________________________________________ 1018. . ____________________________________________________________________________ 1019. ______________________________________________________________________ 1020. ______________________________________________________________ 10

    3. . _____________________________________________________________________________ 10

    1. ________________________________________________________ 102. _________________________________________________________________ 113. _____________________________________________________________________________ 114. ____________________________________________________________________________ 125. ______________________________________ 126..__________________________________________________________________ 157. _________________________________________________________________________________ 158. (___________________________________________ 16

    ___________________________________________________________________ 16

    ___________________________________________________ 16

    1. _____________________________________________ 17

    2. _________________________________________________ 171. _______________________________________________________________ 172. ______________________________________________________________________ 17

    3. ________________________________ 18

    4. ________________________________________ 18

    5. ___________________________________________________________ 18

    6. _______________________________________________ 18 _______________________________________________________________________ 18

    7. ________________________________________________________ 19

    8. _________________________________________ 20

    __________________________________________________________________ 20

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    4/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    4

    (.. ). _____ 20

    . ______________________________________________________________ 20

    1. ._____________________ 20-________________________________________________ 20

    ______________________________________________________________________ 21, : ____________________________ 22) ___________________________________________________ 22) _______________________________________________ 22) _____________________________________________ 22) ___________________________________________________________________ 22) ___________________________________________________________________ 23) ________________________________________________________ 23) ______________________________________ 23 _____________________________________________________ 23_____________________________________________________________________ 23 ________________________________________ 23_____________________________ 23

    __________________________________________________________ 23, : ________ 24) _____________________________________________________________________ 24) _____________________________________________________________________ 24) ___________________________________________________________________ 24__________________________________________________________________________ 24, : ______________ 25) ______________________________________________________ 25) ________________________________________________________________ 25__________________________________________________________________ 25_____________________________________________________________________________ 25_______________________________________________________ 26

    2. _________________________________________________ 261. . _____________________________________________________ 26, :______________________ 27) _________________________________________________________ 27) _________________________________________________ 27) __________________________________________________________ 27) ________________________________ 27) __________________________________________ 27) ______________________________________________________ 27

    2. ________________________________________________________ 27, : 293. __________________________________________________________________________ 29, :________________ 30

    4. __________________________________________________________________________________ 30_______________________________________________________________ 30_____________________________________________________________________________ 30____________________________________________________________________________ 30______________________________________________________________________ 30, : __________________________ 31) ___________________________________________________________________ 31) ______________________________________________________________________________ 31) ________________________________________________________________________________ 31

    5. __________________________________________________________________ 316. _________________________________________________________________ 327. ______________________________________ 328. __________________________________________ 32

    9 _____________________________________________________________________________ 3210:_____________________________________________________ 32

    3. _______________________________________________________ 32

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    5/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    5

    ___________________________________________________________________________ 33 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 33, :_________________ 33) __________________________________________________ 33) ____________________________________________________________ 33) ____________________________________ 33____________________________________________________________________________________ 33_________________________________________________________________________________ 34, : _____________________________________ 34) _______________________________________________ 34) _____________________________________________ 34) _________________________________________________ 34) _____________________________________________________ 34: _________________________________________________________ 34

    _______________________________________________________________ 35

    ____________________________________________________________ 35

    ______________________________________________________________ 35 1. 35

    2. __________________ 37

    3. _______________________________________ 39

    4. _____________________________________________ 39

    5. ______________________________________________ 40

    6. ________________________________________________________________ 40

    7. ____________ 41

    8. , , ______________________________________________ 42

    ___________________________________________________________________ 43

    _______________________________________ 43

    1 ___________________________________________ 44

    2. ________________________________________________________ 44

    3. ________________________________________________________________ 45

    4. ________________________________________ 45

    5. ___________________________________________ 46

    __________________________________________________________________ 46

    ______________________ 46

    ______________________________________________________________ 46

    1. ___________________ 47

    2. _______________________________________________ 471. ()______________________________________ 472 (, )________________________ 473. _______________________________________________________________ 48

    4. ()___________________________ 485. -________________________________________________________ 486. ______________________________________________________________ 487. -(),__________ 48

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    6/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    6

    8. __________________________________________________ 489. - ____________________________ 4910. _______________________________________________________________________ 4911. . __________________________________________________________ 49

    3. _______________________________________________________ 49

    4. , ___________________________________________________________ 50

    5. ________________________________ 50

    6. _________________________________ 50

    7 ___________________________________________________________ 50

    8. ___________________________________ 51

    9. ________________________________________ 51

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    7/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    7

    ,

    1. .

    1. : -13 , -15, -15, , -, -9 ., -,

    ., ,

    , .()

    .

    2. (. 60).

    3. --12-5, : , , . :1- 50 , 2- 30 , 15.

    4. -, , .

    , .

    ,

    -13 -15

    -15

    -

    -9

    , 16,2 18,0 15,0 15,0 15,0 20,02, . 19,15 12,3 11,6 13,8 10,66 14,994 13,7 26,4 19,4 16,3 21,1 26,776, 8,4 7,2 7,05 6,86 7,11 7,27, 1,14 1,165 1,59 1,76 1,605 1,380 ,

    3,45 3,69 2,7 3,1 - 3,170

    , .

    2,659 2,266 1,4 1,8 - 1,426

    V , 3 1,5 2 3,5 1,5 3, : 34 24 34 30 27 20 13 15 16 16 16 15 ,: 32 20 - 18 30 12,5 25 20 - 17 15 10 ,

    +-30 +-18 +-35 +-32 +-30 +-35

    , : - - - - - -8

    8 18 - - - +8 +12 ,

    1,253 0,743 0,844 0,945 0,742 0,749

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    8/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    8

    , 292 300 257 260 250 380, 500 400 385 370 360 480 - 450 - - 440 580

    , - 50 - - 80 100 +4;-2

    ()+6;-3()

    +6 +6; -3 +6; -3 +5,3; -

    2,65

    +6; -3

    - +5,3 - - +4,14; -2,37

    +4; -2

    , %

    23-28 24-35 23-40 28,5-44 19-47 20-43

    , /: 180 225 250 250 245 210 - 170 170 170 155 170 ,/

    60 80 67 60 64 80

    , /

    140 140 150 150 145 140

    , /:

    180 130 250 250 245 210

    ,/0,82 0,68 0,68 0,70 0,56 0,55

    , / 78 85 73 75 70 90 28,5 40 38 31,2 40 48, / 85 90 97 83 107 103, / 55 80 75 75 75 80, / 90 90 90 90 90 90 1,2, 3, 4-, /

    90 95 95 95 95 95

    4-, /

    80 80 - - - 90 90 90 90 90 90 100, / 55 65 - - - 70 65 80 65 60 60 75

    ,/

    65 70-75 70-75 70-75 70-75 75

    , / 80 90 - - - 80 85 95 110 85 85 85 ,/ 85 95 - - - 95 90 100 130-140 90 95 100, / 60 75 65-68 60 60 75

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    9/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    9

    .=0

    , / 130 130 190-220 140 170 170, / 80 85-90 - - - 95

    90 100 90 90 90 100 ,

    15 15 15 15 15 10-15

    ,

    45 45 45 45 45 45

    2.

    1. , - , .

    2. , ,. , , . , , . (, ) (), . .

    3. , , , , , . , , .: , ,

    , . , , . .

    4. , . () ().

    , . , , . -, V-. , . ,(, ), () . .,

    . .. () , .. ,

    , . ().

    .5., , ,. : , ,, , , , , ,, , , .

    6. , , a . . , , ,

    7. () ,, . , 4590 .

    8. (,

    )() .9. (, ) . .

    10. .

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    10/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    10

    11. , , ,.

    12. (, -15) . , .

    13., ,:,,, , , , . , . , .. , .

    :()

    14. .. . , .

    .:.15. , ,

    ,, , , , .

    16. (: , ,. (0 5 /0 30 /),, , -, , : ,, , .

    17. : , , .-867 -867 118,5; 125,. 131,21000

    70 60 , . .

    18. ., ,;, .,

    . ..,

    , .19. (, , ), 2- 4-

    , . , ,, . , 4000 .

    20. : , , ,, , , .

    3. .

    1. :l, b, S(. 1). , b b .

    S . , . . , , , , ..

    .

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    11/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    11

    . . f f b, , . .

    %100=bff .

    1 3%. .

    ,(58% , 813% , 13% ).

    , , .

    Sl

    lbll

    bl

    2

    =

    == ..1.

    , . . , -13 13,7, -9 26,8., . .

    , 2,33. , -15 b== 1,145b= 0,375; , , ,

    05,3375

    1145==

    b

    b

    , . . , -15 3, -9,4.,

    . , , , , V . . , 1 3,5.

    2. ., . , ., ,

    .

    x

    y

    C

    CK=

    , , . ,

    , .-, , .

    , . , : 28,5 48.

    3. . ,, .

    , , (. 2):

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    12/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    12

    .2. .

    0=0;max

    ;, m

    ,;12

    , , ;

    ();Cy C

    22 xyR CCC += .

    ,

    .

    4. . , , , .,

    .,

    , , .

    ...+++= QQQQ ,

    QQQ += ,

    xCxCx += ,

    Q. x

    x

    S

    SCCx

    =

    . ,

    SCx ,

    () ., ,

    , (), ; , , ,. .

    5. . , , , VV:

    )( y VfV = .

    Vp

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    13/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    13

    V.

    , )( y VfV =

    . , ,

    .

    , V., V,

    V,, , V,

    .

    V.. 3 8 ,

    .

    .3. -13

    .4. -15

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    14/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    14

    .5. -15.

    .6. .

    .7. -.

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    15/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    15

    .8. -9.

    6. .. , ,, .

    (. 9,), ; , , , , , (. 9,6).

    .9. .

    VG:

    GV

    SCV y =2

    2,

    , m:

    SCy

    GV

    max

    min

    2= .

    , , . S, . , , -ym.7. . (. 10) ,

    , .

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    16/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    16

    .10. .

    , . , 5060%, ym4050% . ymx, . , , .

    8. (). ,, , .,

    , 3-3,5. (. 11).

    .11..

    , , , .

    ,

    . , ., ,

    , , , : ; ; ; ;; ;; () ; .,

    (

    ), ., , .

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    17/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    17

    1.

    :; , ;

    (, ) , ; .

    2.

    : ; ; , ; .

    1.

    : , , ; ,; , . , , , (). .. , ,

    .

    8 /.,

    (, , , ).

    2.

    . , , . (. 12):

    .12. .

    , (, , . .);; ;; (); ; ; .:, ;;, , , ,

    , ;, ,,

    , , ();

    , , ;, ;;, .

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    18/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    18

    ; , , ,(), , ,

    , ,, ,

    . ;;(, ,

    , , . ).

    3.

    1. (), , , (, ) . 23 .(8, 25, 40 ).

    2. (); (

    ).3. (, ) : !; ! (), .

    4. 56 /. .

    5. -15 , . , .. ()

    .

    4.

    :; , ;.

    ; .

    5.

    , .:, , ;;;

    , , .

    6.

    : ;, .

    (, , .

    ..

    (, . )., ,

    :, ,

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    19/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    19

    ;, , , ,

    , ;,(),

    . (), , . (15 20 );, , , ,

    , ;, , ,

    ;, ,, ,

    , , ;(, ),

    . (, ,, );, , , ;, , , (

    , , ,

    ;, , , , ;, , .

    ;, ,

    . , , () ;, ,

    (), , ;, ;;

    , ;

    , , , , , ;, , , , , , ;, , ,

    ;, ,

    ;, , , , ;, ,

    ..

    7.

    1. , , (, 25 ) , .

    2. . .

    3. : ,

    ;, ;, .4. ,.

    , , 15

    , , , .

    5. ,

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    20/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    20

    . , ..

    6. , .

    8.

    , , ., (),

    , . , , , : ; ; ; ..

    (.. ).

    .

    , (, . .). -, . ; -. -, , . , , .,

    , ..

    , .

    1. .

    1. -. , .

    2. , . . .

    3. . .4. , , .5. 5 /

    ().6.

    , .7. :) :, ;;;;

    .) :;;

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    21/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    21

    (* . :(

    1000 ;;;;,);, ;.) :;,

    (;, ,

    ;;

    , ;;, ;;;;, , ;;, ,().) :;-,

    , 510 ;

    -;, -

    ;,

    .

    8. , , . 34 /12 /. , .. ,

    () .-

    , -. ().

    , :, ;() ;()

    ;;() ;(50 ) .-

    (), :;;

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    22/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    22

    ;2025.,

    , 1015 /, .-

    . , .,

    . -, .:

    -15 1/3 ; -15, - 1/2 , ..

    , . , ., ,

    .1 . () . . (. 13).

    .13.

    (), 2530 -.

    -

    .

    - (, -), .

    , :

    ) , -. , , . , ;

    ) . , . , ,(). , , , , , ;) . , ,

    , . , , ;) . -

    . , ., -

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    23/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    23

    , . ;) . , -

    . , , -, ., ;)

    , , ;) . , ,

    , , (, )(

    ).

    -..9. 34 /.

    () , ( )., , . , ., (22,5 ).

    , , (). , ., , ,

    .10. 12

    /. , , . ().

    , (), . . , , , . , ,

    , , .11. ,

    -, .

    , . , , 25, .

    , , . , .12. .

    . . , , (); , .,

    ...13. .

    ,

    , , .(2 ) ,

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    24/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    24

    .14. .

    -,(. 14).,.

    .. .,150 .

    , :

    ) -

    , , -. . , , 1520, ..

    ,) . -

    .,

    ., .

    .) ()

    . , . -, .,

    , . 57 ; , 35 .,

    , .14. , :

    , .

    .15.

    .

    (30).

    -(2 ). , . , -. , , , , , (. 15).

    ., ,

    -(, ).

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    25/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    25

    .

    .

    . 30. ,, , .-,

    .

    , :

    ) -. , :, -.;

    . , ,;) -,: ,

    -, , , ., , -, . , ,, , , . ,.(

    ). ..

    15. (,. .), , ..

    -, ,1015 /, . 11,5 /., -,

    , .

    , , , . ., . (, , , , ,

    , ).

    16. () 300 (, (). -, , .-, , ,

    , , . , , , ..

    110 /, 5 / , . 110 /, (). ,.

    .,

    . , ,

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    26/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    26

    .,

    .17.

    :, -

    ;;-(

    ).:-;-;-();,

    ;;-.

    ,. -: 245, , (), 800 .-

    .-:,

    ;;2 /;, ;;300 ;

    /30;;-;.

    2.

    1. .

    :, ,

    . , , . .

    .16. .

    , , ().

    , (. 16), ; , ...

    ,,

    90.

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    27/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    27

    , , 5 /.

    , .3035

    . () . (. 17)., .

    .17. .

    , :

    ) (). , . , (85 /, 90 /,

    90 /

    ,, ..

    );

    ) . , , ;) . -:

    , ;) ().

    : , , . , , , ,) . ,

    ;) . , .

    . , , , .

    , : , , .

    2. . , ., ,

    , (. 18).

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    28/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    28

    .18. .

    300 , , .300280 ,

    , 15. 90, , . . , . (7080 /) 5 /15, . . , /. 250220 . 2530 .,

    . 220210 .. , ., , .5 /170150 .

    4045 90, . ,

    . .

    () 1015, 150130 . 100 .

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    29/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    29

    , :

    ) . , ,250220 , . ();) ,

    . .3.

    :)90 , ,

    ;)180 ;) .90 .5 /170150 .,

    ., .

    , () . , ., , ,

    .

    30 (. 19).

    .19. :

    1- =150-170 ; 2=100-120.

    ,., , ,

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    30/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    30

    .,

    , .()

    , () ..

    . , . 50-. , , .1015 , ,

    . (). 1015. -., ,

    .

    : . ; .. ,

    ..() , () ..

    .

    , :

    ) . . ;

    ). . , , , () 4-,) .

    , ;) ,

    .4. , :

    , , , .. 3020

    1015 , . .

    . , 45 , () 0, 5.. , ,

    , . , , (, 0, 10, 15 .(),

    .(1520 2530 ) ,

    .,

    . , , . . ,

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    31/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    31

    . ., ..

    .

    , :

    ) . , --, ., , ,

    () , , ., (1,52 ),

    0,5 , ;) : ,

    , ; ;.

    (),, 0,5 . (), ; , ,) () :

    ; ;;, , , , ; . . . ,

    . .

    , . (0,5 0,7 ),

    , , .(), ,

    , , , . , . . , . .,

    . , .

    . ,.

    5. . , , . , , , , -., , , , , . . , . , 45/, 56. , . . , , , 0,5 ,

    , . , , . , ,

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    32/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    32

    .6. ,

    , . , ., ,

    , .7.

    . . 7 /(). 7 /.

    8. , , . . ., ,. ,

    .. (!,

    , . ,

    . )9 . . . . , , .

    10 :

    , ;1000 ;;100 , 30;.

    3.

    .20. ().

    1. , , ,,, , , , .

    2. , , . , . , -, .

    3. ,, (20)., , -

    .4.

    .5.

    , . .

    6.,. , , , ,

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    33/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    33

    .7. ,

    , . , , 250 , 180 . .

    8. . ,

    ,, (. 21).

    9. , . , , . 600 .

    10. ,

    . , ,

    .,

    .

    .21. .

    , , , ,. , , .

    .11. 1000 ., ,

    . (), . .

    , .

    ; ,; . 7580. 2530 3040 .40

    ., .60120 .

    .

    , :

    ) , . , , , ;). .

    , ;) ,

    ()12. .

    , 45, , 45.45.

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    34/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    34

    , , (. )..

    () 10/. . 4045 , . , . , ( 4045), (). , .,

    . . , .4550, ,

    . 10 /.

    .(. ),

    13. , , , .,

    , . . , 30 /.,

    , . , 1015 ,

    , . , , .(

    ).

    , :

    ) , ;)

    , , ;) ;

    ) . 3.

    14 :

    ;;;, ,

    , ,, ;

    ; ;: ;

    ; , ; ; , ; 600 ;.

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    35/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    35

    (, .

    , , .

    , ., ,

    .,

    (, . .), (). ,, , (. 22).

    .22. .

    , , .,

    , ., , ,

    , ., ,

    .

    1.

    1. , , .2. 700800

    , .

    3. , , ., , .

    -, , , .

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    36/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    36

    4., . , . 2530, . 4550 , , , . , ,

    . , , -, , , .

    5. , .6. ,

    .7. , .,

    , . , , , ., , , , ., .8. , ,

    , , -.

    9. , . , , . . , , , ; , (. 23).

    .23.

    .10. , , ,

    . , (.24).

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    37/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    37

    .24. :; .

    , .11. , , ,

    . , -. , , , , , , , , .

    12. () 10 4 .

    .13. 90 /.

    14. , . 300 , .

    2.

    1. , , , .

    2. .3. , (

    , ).

    , , , , . , .

    4. , , .

    5. ,, . . 200 , 400 . . 79 /, . 45 /. .

    6. . . , 180. .

    7. (. 25).

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    38/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    38

    .25. .

    , . , .

    8. , , , . , ,, .,: , (), , (

    ). , .9. ,

    .. , () , , , .

    10. 300 .11. , . .

    . , . . , . , ; , , , ; ,45.

    , , . , .

    12. 510 /, .()

    . .

    13. () . , .() ,

    .14. .

    , , .

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    39/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    39

    ., ,

    , .

    3.

    1. ,, , . , (),, 300 .

    2. , , , .

    3. -, , .

    4. . , , , 50 .

    5. .6. () () .

    7. .8. :, ;, ,

    , , , , 200, 100 50 ;;, ,

    , ;, , ;

    ;; ,, -;, ;;, .9.

    , , , 200 , 100 ; , , 50 , .

    4.

    1. , , .

    , , , .

    2. , , .

    3. -, , , , .

    4. 10 , .

    5. ,.

    6.

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    40/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    40

    , , .

    7. :; ; ();

    , ; ;; .

    8. .

    9. , -:-, . , , . . , , , . .

    10. , .

    11.

    , , .12. , , .

    13. , .

    14. , , ,.

    15. , .,

    .16. ,

    , , .17. ,

    , .

    18. :();;, ;600 ;,

    ;, ,

    ;(); , 300 .

    5.

    -.

    .

    , , . .

    6.

    1. , ,

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    41/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    41

    -. , , , ..

    2. , , , , , , .

    3. , , , . ,.

    4. .--12

    -35. , , -2.-,, .

    5. , 2,53 . , 1,55 /.

    6. : ,, ;, , -; ,; , .

    .7.

    (-23), ,.

    ., -, , .

    7.

    1. :;;.2. .

    , .-.

    , , .

    , .3.

    .

    . , . , ., .,

    . ,

    .(); ,

    , , , .

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    42/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    42

    ., , ,

    , .4. ,

    , ().

    . ..5.

    -. , ., ,

    , .6.

    (, .)

    , ().

    8. , ,

    1. 600 , , , , , (. 26).

    .26. .

    , ,, , . . , , , , , .

    2. 300 , , , .

    3. :.

    , () ,;, ;

    , .: , 30 . , , .

    .

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    43/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    43

    4. : ;-, ,

    , , , . ;;, (

    , );-,

    , (, ).

    5. -.: -.6. ,

    , .7. -.8. , 4 /.

    4 /.

    9. , . , .

    10. .-

    .11. -

    ., .12. ,

    . , --().

    1. , . . .-

    , .2.

    , (, , ). .

    3. , , :,, , , ,

    4. -

    5. -, .

    6. , , ;

    ,, ,

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    44/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    44

    .

    1

    1. . , . 1500 , 600 .

    2. , , , . , , , , .

    3. , ,, . : ; , ; ;

    .4. . () .

    , .

    5. :-,

    , -, ; ,

    ;, , , ,, -, , ;-

    , , .

    .

    2.

    1. , 30. , , .

    2. () , -. .

    3. () : , .4. () : ; ; ; .5. , ,

    ; , ..

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    45/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    45

    6. () () ,

    .7. ()

    , , , -().

    8. () : ; ; ; .

    3.

    1. . , ; . , .

    2. : ; ; ; ; ., .3. ,

    . , .

    4. . , .

    .

    4.

    1. () .,

    , , -.

    2. , (); ( ).

    3.

    ().4. (

    ) .

    5. () 1520 , .

    6. () , . -.

    7. : ; ;

    , , .

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    46/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    46

    8. () : ; ; ; .9. ()

    : ; , .10. (, , )

    , .

    5.

    1. , , -

    , . .

    2. , (), ,, () , .

    3. , .

    4. , , .

    5. ,, , , ,

    , ; (); , , .

    6. ,. , -, .

    7. ,, , , , ; (); , , .

    8.

    ,.9. ,

    , .

    1. ,

    .2. , , , , , , .

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    47/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    47

    3. , -, , , .

    4. (), , , , , .

    5. , ,, .

    6. , () -().

    7. :;;;;, ;;;

    ;.

    1.

    , , :;

    ;, , ,

    ;-

    , , 300

    . -;-.

    2.

    1. ():-:;, 1520,;;:;

    ;1520;;, , ,

    .2 (, ):-:;, 1520;;;:;

    1520 5-7;;, .

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    48/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    48

    3. :-:) 100 :;;;;, ;) 100 :;;;, 100 ;:;;;,

    .4. ():-:;:;-(,

    ;;50 , ;50

    , .5. -

    :. , , ().-, ,

    , , , .

    6. , , ,, , .

    7. -(),, :

    ;;;,

    .8. :-:, , (

    );;,:-(

    ) ;1015 /,,

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    49/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    49

    ;100 ;,, 1520 .9. -

    , :-:;2 /

    110115 /;15;;, 4-100 ;;,

    (, , );:

    , ; .4-();;, ;, ,

    .10. .: ,

    ;-.,

    , , , .

    :;,

    ,,, .11. .-18

    , (-14),-18

    , -23, , (4000 ),,

    ,, .

    3.

    1. , ,.

    2. :,;, , ,

    ;

    ,

    , , .

    3. ,

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    50/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    50

    .4. , .5. ,

    .

    4. ,

    1. :-:, ;;130140 /;30, 15 23 /,

    ;;:-;, 90100 /;

    , ;-, .

    2. :;140 /() 100 /(

    );

    .

    5.

    1. ,

    .2. :, ;;,

    ();(

    ) ;() ,

    .3. 600 ,

    , .

    6. , , :-, ;;, .

    7

    :;();;, ;

    , , , , ;, .

  • 5/27/2018 (2)

    51/51

    .. .. . ., 2005.

    51

    8.

    1. ;: ; ()

    (, , .), , , .

    2. () ().

    3. , . .

    4. , .5. , ()

    ().6. .

    .7. (),

    , 0, . . ()

    . , ,, ,. () . , . , . () . , .

    ( 2, . 4

    9.

    1. , .

    2. :;;;, .3. .

    : ; ;();.4. :;;();

    , . ;.5. 34 .