© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicIPv6 & Packet Tracer 1 Academy Conference 2010 IPv6 Survival Kit Dr. Jim Bergquist [email protected]@lcsc.org.

© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicIPv6 & Packet Tracer 1

Academy Conference 2010

IPv6 Survival Kit

Dr. Jim Bergquist [email protected]

Lakes Country Service CooperativeAugust 2010

mailto:[email protected]

IPv6 & Packet Tracer 2© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

IPv6 Survival Kit Session Goals

Brief overview of IPv6 topics to build confidence in configuring IPv6

Explore ways in which IPv4 and IPv6 can coexist on devices

Use Packet Tracer to build, configure and troubleshoot a simple IPv6 network

Take away knowledge, tips and resources for effectively adding IPv6 content to Discovery 4 and Exploration 4

Provide your students with fun and interesting facts about this important protocol


A big “Thank you” to …

Michael McKeever, Computer Networking and Security Instructor, Santa Rosa Junior College, Petaluma, CA

Dallas Shiroma, Manager of Emerging Technologies, Pacific Center for Advanced Technology Training, Honolulu, HI


Visualizing the IPv6 Address Space

… and other fun stuff


Earth drawing credit: http://flickr.com/photos/ontdesign/http://search.creativecommons.org/

Visualizing the IPv6 Address Space

Assign one IPv6 address per grain of sand

How many grains of sand would be needed to use all IPv6 addresses?

Fill Earth-sized containers with the sand

128 bit addresses2 128 is a very large number

Fill here

HollowEarth-sizedcontainerSand

Grain

http://flickr.com/photos/ontdesign/

http://search.creativecommons.org/


Visualizing the IPv6 Address SpaceThe filled Earth-sized containers would make 20 circles around the outer orbit of our solar system (Pluto)

Our Solar System

Blue dots are Earth- sized containers

Based on image from public image gallery at

http://www.eso.org/

http://www.eso.org/


Features Enhanced by IPv6

Address autoconfigurationPlug and Play networking with wide variety of devices

Connectivity to roaming mobile devices

Built-in Security – Security is easier

Better reliability through multihoming hosts

More efficient route aggregation

Simpler packet header

Many devices and apps already support IPv6

See Chapter 7 of Exploration, Accessing the WAN,Chapter 6 of Discovery, Designing and Supporting Computer Networks


IPv6 Address Format, Types and Scopes

Just what we need to know


IPv6 Address Format

128 bits separated into eight blocks of 16 bits, as hex:FC00:00D3:0000:2F00:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A

In each 16-bit block, leading zeros may be removed:FC00:00D3:0000:0000:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A

FC00:D3:0:0:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A

Adjacent zeroes can be compressed (once):FC00:D3::2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A


Prefix Length, Allocation of Bits

Example: 2001:DB8:0:2F00:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/64

Prefix length (number of network bits) is 64

Same notation as CIDR in IPv4, no subnet masks

16 subnet bits, (/49 to /64) given to a site – 65,535 LANs!

Usually 64 bits are used for hosts in IPv6


Types of IPv6 Addresses

Unicast (one to one)

Also: Multicast (one to many) Loopback (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1) Anycast (one to “nearest,” not widely used)

No broadcasts in IPv6


Unicast IPv6 Address Scopes Link-local addresses—only on single link, not routed

FE80 prefix

Unique-local addresses—routed within private networkFC00 prefix

Global unicast addresses—globally routable2001 prefix currently being issued

64 bit host portion


IPv6 Address Assignment

Often, it does the work for us


IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration

Host automatically configures its own link-local address

With link-local address, a host discovers connected routers to obtain a global prefix

A host then builds its own global unicast address

Static assignments are also possible


Stateless Autoconfiguration Process Uses MAC Address

00 90 27 FF FE 17 FC 0F

FF FE

00 90 27 17 FC 0F

00 90 27 17 FC 0F

000000U0 Where U=1 = Unique

0 = Not Unique

02 90 27 FF FE 17 FC 0F

U = 1

48 bit MAC Address

64 bits become part of IPv6 address


Router(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

Router(config)#int fa0/1

Router(config-if)#ipv6 addr 2001:db8::/64 eui-64

Router(config-if)#ipv6 enable

Router(config-if)#no shut

Stateless AutoconfigurationOnly the network part of the address is suppliedin the ipv6 address command


Stateless AutoconfigurationRouter’s fa0/1 interface generates its link-local address and global unicast address

Router#sho ipv6 int briFastEthernet0/0 [administratively down/down]FastEthernet0/1 [up/up] FE80::201:42FF:FE44:3C02 2001:DB8::201:42FF:FE44:3C02


Good Practice in IPv6 Addressing

Hosts should have globally routable addresses created with stateless autoconfiguration

Use 2001 prefix

Use /64 eui-64 to create them

Serial links between routers should not use globally routable addresses

Use FC00 prefix and static addressing

Use a prefix length /64

However, the prefix length could also be, for example, /112


Good Practice in IPv6 AddressingStatic addresses between routersStateless autoconfiguration for hosts


Commands for Students to Compare


Commands for Students to Compare

show ip interface brief show ipv6 interface briefshow ip route show ipv6 routeshow ip protocols show ipv6 protocols


Ping Command for IPv6

Cisco routers, Packet Tracer routers and Packet Tracer PCs use ping

Windows XP uses ping6

Packet Tracer PCs and Windows XP uses ipv6config


ConfiguringIPv6 RIP

Differs slightly from RIP for IPv4


Global Commands

Router(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing (enable IPv6)

Router(config)#ipv6 router rip CIRCUS (define a routing process called CIRCUS)


Interface Commands- Auto Config

Router(config)#int fa0/0Router(config-if)#ipv6 enableRouter(config-if)#ipv6 addr

2001:db8:2:3::/64 eui-64Router(config-if)#ipv6 rip CIRCUS enableRouter(config-if)#no shut

The router is now configured with IPv6 RIP on fa0/0Repeat for other involved interfacesEnsure that the PCs are set for Auto Config in the Config Tab

The IPv4 network command is not used


IPv4 and IPv6 Co-existence

Configuring Dual Stack


Dual Stack Example

Dual stack means configuring IPv4 and IPv6 on router interfaces and PCs

No special router commands neededWorks on any router that supports IPv6

Main tasks:Configure IPv4 and IPv6 addresseson appropriate interfaces

Enable RIP and IPv6 RIP routing protocols (or OSPF and OSPFv3)

Note: The IPv4 and IPv6 routing tables are separate


PC0 is a Dual Stack Host

Ping from an IPv4 host to PC0

Destination


PC0 is a Dual Stack Host Ping from an IPv6 host to PC0

Destination


IPv4 Routing Table, Router1

Router1#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, …<output omitted>

Gateway of last resort is not set

R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.5.2, 00:00:04, Serial0/0/1

C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1

R 192.168.7.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:05, Serial0/0/0


IPv6 Routing Table, Router1

Router1#sho ipv6 routeIPv6 Routing Table - 6 entriesCodes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP

C 2001:DB8:0:1::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0

L 2001:DB8:0:1:202:16FF:FE53:4601/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0

R 2001:DB8:0:7::/64 [120/1] via FE80::2D0:BCFF:FEAB:6681, Serial0/0/0

C FC00:0:0:1::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0

L FC00:0:0:1::2/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0

L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0


Configuring Dual Stack - Lab

Open this lab with Packet Tracer 5.3

Work with a neighbor on questions that arise


ICMPv6 Packet Type Numbers

You can look at packet details with Packet Tracer


Some ICMPv6 Type Numbers

Router Advertisement(Neighbor Discovery)- 134

Specific to IPv6

Sent periodically to neighbors

v6 Echo Request (ping)- 128Compare with v4: Type 8

v6 Echo Reply (ping)- 129Compare with v4: Type 0

Activity: Use Packet Tracer in Simulation modeClick a packet to see type number

Type 134


IPv6 Modeling in Packet Tracer


IPv6 Modeling in Packet Tracer

In PT, click Help. In browser, click Modeling, Layer 3 IP Addressing topics

Click Modeling, Routing IPv6 routing protocols


Links to Additional Information


Additional Information

“IPv6” (go to)General IPv6 information, FAQ, links

go6, (“The IPv6 portal”) (go to)Upcoming events, blog, wiki, newsletter, member area

IPv6 Task Force (“The IPv6 Portal”) (go to)Introduction, news, pressroom, RSS, IPv6 Guide, and Portal

The IPv6 Forum (go to)Events, news, book recommendations, government news, competitions, and an “IPv4 Exhaustion Counter”!

Portals, Forums, information sites

http://www.ipv6.org/

http://www.go6.net/

http://www.ipv6tf.org/

http://www.ipv6forum.com/


Additional Information

IETF RFC repository (go to)Find an RFC if you know its number

networksorcery.com list of IPv6 RFCs (go to)Excellent searchable list, including obsoleted RFCs

Microsoft IPv6 implementation (go to)RFCs used to implement IPv6 in Windows 2003 Server and XP

Useful RFCs and lists

http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html

http://www.networksorcery.com/enp/protocol/ipv6.htm

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc782695(WS.10).aspx


Additional Information Introduction to IPv6 – Why IPv6? (go to)

Overview and In-depth sections

Cisco IOS IPv6 Command Reference (go to)Excellent source for learning and troubleshooting

List of RFCs for IPv6 (go to)Useful for understanding Cisco IPv6 implementations

A description of address types

IPv6 Introduction video podcast by Darrel Root

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6553/products_ios_technology_home.html

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_3t/ipv6/ipv6_r.html

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/ipv6/configuration/guide/ip6-roadmap.html#wp1158573

http://ezinearticles.com/?Cisco-IPv6-Training-Unicast,-Multicast,-and-Anycast-Addresses&id=1312408

http://www.ciscohandsontraining.com/


Related Academy Conference Sessions


Related Academy ConferenceSession Material

IPv6 and Packet Tracer, Dr. Jim Bergquist, 2009

Getting Ready for IPv6, Dr. Ron Kovac and graduate students, 2010

IPv6 Survival Kit, Julian Carranza, 2010

IPv6 Survival Kit, Michael McKeever, 2010 Will include a lab for configuring NetLabs


List of Activities in IPv6 and Packet Tracer

Stateless AutoconfigurationStateless Autoconfig.pkt

Build an IPv6 EUI-64 Address.doc (A separate activity)

IPv6 RIPIPv6 RIP.pkt

IPv6 OSPFIPv6 OSPF CCNP Lab 8-1.pkt

Comparing ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 PacketsComparing ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 Packet types.doc (and answers)

ICMPv4 ICMPv6 packets.pkt

From 2009 conference


List of Activities in IPv6 and Packet Tracer

Broken Networks3 Router-IPv6 RIP-broken1.pkt

IPv6 RIP-broken2.pkt

Unconfigured NetworkUnconfigured.pkt (Configured.pkt included for reference)

Dual StackDual stack-both IPv6 and IPv4.pkt

Upgrade IOS for PT 2620XM to support IPv6Upgrading IOS of Packet Tracer 2620XM router.doc

Upgrading IOS of Packet Tracer 2620XM router_ANSWERS.doc

No pkt file


Obtaining Conference Materials

Go to https://cisco.webex.com/meet/kalderso

Click the Files tab

Select the + to expand the “2009USAcadConf” folder, OR

Select the + to expand the “2010USAcadConf” folder(It will be posted after completion of all conferences)

Download the files you want

https://cisco.webex.com/meet/kalderso


Obtaining Conference Materials

Login to the 2010 Virtual Academy Conference

In the Resource Room, session materials are posted for each conference separately

Another method, for 2010 materials

https://virtual2010.ciscoacademyconference.com/portal/login.ww


Topics Not Covered Here …

… but check the additional resources I’ve referenced


Topics Covered in Other Resources

Why IPv6, and why not NAT?

Time frame for implementation

Details of the parts of the address

Special addresses

Type and scope of addresses

Details of packet header

Neighbor discovery

See the links to resources and additional information


Topics Covered in Other Resources

IPv6 ACLs

Security with IPv6

Mobility with IPv6

IPv4 to IPv6 migration: dual stack, tunneling, translation

Current deployment status of IPv6

Some IPv6 sites on internet

Tunneling

See the links to resources and additional information


Q & A




FAQ Area


Where is IPv6 covered in Exploration?

Network Fundamentals6.3.6

Routing Protocols and Concepts1.1.3, 3.1.1, 5.1.1, 10.2.3, 11.1.1, 11.7.1

LAN Switching and Wirelessno coverage

Accessing the WAN7.0.1, 7.3, 7.5.1


Where is IPv6 covered in Discovery?

Networking for Home and Small BusinessesNo coverage

Working at a Small-to-Medium Business or ISP4.1.6

Introducing Routing and Switching in the Enterprise5.2.1

Designing and Supporting Computer Networks6.3


What are the “Documentation” Addresses?

Addresses within 2001:db8::/32 range should be used only in examples given in documentation for networking scenarios or tutorials


Does BGP Support IPv6?

The current version of BGP is BGP4

BGP4 does support IPv6

See http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-idr-bgp4-ipv6-01

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-idr-bgp4-ipv6-01


What IOS do I need to run IPv6? You need 12.0(21)T, or later, or 12.2(2)T or later

To find out when a command was introduced, see the Cisco IOS IPv6 Command Reference (go to). Locate the command. The listing will show when it was introduced

Also see Cisco IOS Software Release Specifics for IPv6 Features (go to)

The Packet Tracer 2620XM router does not support IPv6 unless you upgrade the IOS image

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_3t/ipv6/ipv6_r.html

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/ipv6/configuration/guide/ip6-roadmap.html


How many IPv6 addresses can I configure?

Router#show run (part of output)

interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ipv6 address 2001:1:1::/64 eui-64 ipv6 address 2001:DB8:2::1/112 ipv6 address FC00:1:3::1/112 ipv6 address FC00:1:4::1/112

Example, of IPv4 address and four IPv6 addresses, in addition to link-local address (not shown)


© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicIPv6 & Packet Tracer 1 Academy Conference 2010 IPv6 Survival Kit Dr. Jim Bergquist [email protected]@lcsc.org.

Documents

cisco systems

ipv6 addresses

ipv6 content

cisco publicipv6 packet

cisco public features

ipv6 address space assign

simple ipv6 network

9c5a slide