МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ ЛУГАНСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ ІМЕНІ ТАРАСА ШЕВЧЕНКА Кафедра практики мовлення Курсова робота на тему «СТВОРЕННЯ СИТУАЦІЙ МІЖКУЛЬТУРНОГО СПІЛКУВАННЯ НА УРОКАХ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ В СЕРЕДНІХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ» виконана студентом 4 курсу групи А факультету іноземних мов Левченком Ярославом Сергійовичем науковий керівник – кандидат педагогічних наук, завідувач кафедри практики мовлення Федічева Наталя Володимирівна
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МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ
ЛУГАНСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ ІМЕНІ ТАРАСА ШЕВЧЕНКА
Кафедра практики мовлення
Курсова робота на тему
«СТВОРЕННЯ СИТУАЦІЙ
МІЖКУЛЬТУРНОГО СПІЛКУВАННЯ НА
УРОКАХ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ В СЕРЕДНІХ
НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ»
виконана студентом4 курсу групи Афакультету іноземних мовЛевченком Ярославом Сергійовичем
науковий керівник –кандидат педагогічних наук,завідувач кафедри практики мовленняФедічева Наталя Володимирівна
типология, причины появления и способы заполнения при изучении
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Додаток 1
МОДЕЛЬ НАВЧАЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЗІ СТВОРЕННЯ
КОМУНІАТИВНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ
Комунікативні ситуації
Навчальні комунікативні ситуації (НКС)
Навчальні проблемні комунікативні ситуації (НПКС)
Рольові ігри Симуляції Ситуативні вправи та завдання
Полікультурна компетенція
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Додаток 2
Методичні рекомендації зі створення НКС з теми “Різдво”
Christmas in Great Britain
In Great Britain the hustle and bustle of the season begins well before Christmas and there is barely anytime for a break until the Twelfth night. There is preparation going on of foods, the sending of Christmas cards, the decorating of houses and churches, and the readying of gifts keep everyone busy even the youngest family members.
On Christmas Eve youngsters hang up their stockings on the ends of the beds or by the chimney so that when Father Christmas comes he can leave them something.
On Christmas morning the family traditionally opens their presents and prepares for a big feast which typically is served just after midday. The table gleams with the best china and glassware, and at every place on the table there is a cracker. The meal begins with a toast, followed by the popping of the crackers. After the meal they sit down in front of the Television for the traditional Christmas speech of the British Monarch.
In the afternoon they exchange visits with neighbors other family members.
Some churches in Great Britain have a Christingle service on the fourth Sunday of Advent. This is a carol service of Scandinavian origin at which every child received an orange and candle wrapped in a red ribbon. The candle represents Jesus and the ribbon stands for the blood of Christ and the love of God embracing the world.
In Britain, children write their letters to Father Christmas and then throw them into the fireplace so they will float up the chimney and fly to the North Pole. If the lists catch fire first, they have to rewrite them.
At Christmas dinner, a plum pudding is served with little treasures hidden inside that bring their finders good luck. Britain was the first country to hang up mistletoe.
Jingle Bells
Dashing through the snowOn a one-horse open sleigh,Over the fields we go,Laughing all the way;Bells on bob-tail ring,making spirits bright,What fun it is to ride and singA sleighing song tonight
Jingle bells, jingle bells,jingle all the way!O what fun it is to rideIn a one-horse open sleigh
A day or two ago,I thought I'd take a ride,And soon Miss Fanny BrightWas seated by my side;The horse was lean and lank;
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Misfortune seemed his lot;He got into a drifted bank,And we, we got upsot.
Jingle Bells, Jingle Bells,Jingle all the way!What fun it is to rideIn a one-horse open sleigh.
A day or two ago,the story I must tellI went out on the snowAnd on my back I fell;A gent was riding byIn a one-horse open sleigh,He laughed as thereI sprawling lie,But quickly drove away.
Jingle Bells, Jingle Bells,Jingle all the way!What fun it is to rideIn a one-horse open sleigh.
Now the ground is whiteGo it while you're young,Take the girls tonightAnd sing this sleighing song;Just get a bob-tailed baytwo-forty as his speedHitch him to an open sleighAnd crack! you'll take the lead.
Jingle Bells, Jingle Bells,Jingle all the way!What fun it is to rideIn a one-horse open sleigh.
James Pierpont, 1857
Irish Carol
Christmas day is come; let's all prepare for mirth, Which fills the heav'ns and earth at this amazing birth.Through both the joyous angels in strife and hurry fly, with glory and hosannas, "All holy" do they cry,In heav'n the Church triumphant adores with all her choirs,The militant on earth with humble faith admires.
But why should we rejoice? Should we not rather mournTo see the hope of nations thus in a stable born?Where are his crown and sceptre, where is his throne sublime,Where is the train majestic that should the stars outshine?There no sumptuous palace nor any inn at allTo lodge his heav'nly mother but in a filthy stall?
Christmas in Australia
Christmas in Australia is often very hot. Whereas the northern hemisphere is in the middle of winter, Australians are baking in summer heat. It is not unusual to have Christmas Day well into the mid 30 degrees Celsius, or near 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
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A traditional meal includes a turkey dinner, with ham, and pork. A flaming Christmas plum pudding is added for dessert. In the Australian gold rushes, Christmas puddings often contained a gold nugget. Today a small favor is baked inside. Whoever finds this knows s/he will enjoy good luck. Another treat is Mince Pies.
Some Australians and particularly tourists often have their Christmas dinner at midday on a local beach, Bondi Beach in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs attracts thousands of people on Christmas Day. Other families enjoy their day by having a picnic. If they are at home, the day is punctuated by swimming in a pool, playing Cricket out the backyard, and other outdoor activities.
The warm weather allows Australians to enjoy a tradition which commenced in 1937. Carols by Candlelight is held every year on Christmas Eve, where tens of thousands of people gather in the city of Melbourne to sing their favorite Christmas songs. The evening is lit by as many candles singing under a clean cut night sky. The sky with its Southern Cross stars is like a mirror. Sydney and the other capital cities also enjoy Carols in the weeks leading up to Christmas.
Australians surround themselves with Christmas Bush, a native plant which has little red flowered leaves.
Christmas shopping is often done in shorts and t-shirts. At many beaches Santa Claus arrives on a surfboard, or even on a surf lifesaving boat.
Australia's worst Christmas was in 1974, when Cyclone Tracy devastated Darwin in the Northern Territory. More than 60 people were killed.
Christmas in Ukraine
Sviata Vechera OR "Holy Supper" is the central tradition of the beautiful Christmas Eve celebrations in Ukrainian homes. The dinner table sometimes has a few wisps of hay on the embroidered table cloth as a reminder of the manger in Bethlehem.
When the children see the first Star in the eastern evening sky, which symbolizes the trek of the Three Wise Men, the Sviata Vechera may begin. In farming communities the head of the household now brings in a sheaf of wheat called the didukh which represents the importance of the ancient and rich wheat crops of Ukraine, the staff of life through the centuries. Didukhmeans literally "grandfather spirit" so it symbolizes the family's ancestors. In city homes a few stalks of golden wheat in a vase are often used to decorate the table.
A prayer is said and the father says the traditional Christmas greeting, "Khristos rodyvsya!" which translated is Christ is born!, which is answered by the family with "Slavite Yoho!" which translated is Let Us Glorify Him!. In some families the Old Slavic form Khristos razhdayetsya is used.
At the end of the Sviata Vechera the family often sings Kolyadky which is a Ukrainian Christmas Carols. In many communities the old Ukrainian tradition of caroling is carried on by groups of young people and members of organizations and churches calling at homes and collecting donations.
The favorite Ukrainian carol is Boh predvichny meaning God Eternal which has a very beautiful melody and lyrics. Some Ukrainian carols are unusual because they mention Ukraine while others are ancient pagan songs of a thousand years ago which have been converted into Christian carols.
Christmas is a joyous day which opens for Ukrainian families with attendance at Church. Ukrainian Churches offer services starting before midnight on Christmas Eve and on Christmas morning. Christmas supper, without Lentenrestrictions, does not have as many traditions connected with it as Sviata Vechera. The old tradition in Ukraine of giving gifts to children on St. Nicholas Day, December 19th, has generally been replaced by the Christmas date.
The traditional Christmas customs of Ukraine add color and significance to the winter festival of Christmas, and Ukrainian Christmas on January 7th is usually a peaceful and quiet event. This celebration reminds us of the baby in a Bethlehem manger whose birthday we celebrate. But whether Christmas is celebrated on December 25th or on January 7th the message is the same: "Peace on Earth! Good will towards men!
In the Ukraine, Father Frost visits all the children in a sleigh pulled by only three reindeer.
He brings along a little girl named Snowflake Girl. She wears a silver blue costume trimmed with white fur and a crown shaped like a snowflake.
Christmas in United States of America
Santa Claus was born in US in the 1860's he was named this as he had a white beard and a belly, so he was named Santa Claus as this was the Dutch word for St Nicholas, Sintaklaas. Although the Dutch had bought him with them in the 17th century, he did not become an important person at Christmas until the Novelist Washington Irving put him in a novel that he wrote in 1809. This first Santa Claus was still known as St. Nicholas, he did smoke a pipe, and fly around in a wagon without any reindeer, but he did not have his red suit or live at the North Pole, he did however bring presents to children every year.
In 1863 He was given the name Santa Claus and bore the red suit, pipe, and his reindeer and sleigh.
Now Christmas celebrations vary greatly between regions of the United States, because of the variety of nationalities which have settled in it.
In Pennsylvania, the Moravians build a landscape, called a putz - under the Christmas tree, while in the same state the Germans are given gifts by Belsnickle, who taps them with his switch if they have misbehaved.
Early European settlers brought many traditions to the United States. Many settled in the early days in the South, these settlers would send Christmas greetings to their distant neighbors by shooting firearms and letting off fireworks. In Hawaii this practice is still in use as under the sunny skies, Santa Claus arrives by boat and Christmas dinner is eaten outdoors.
In Alaska, a star on a pole is taken from door to door, followed by Herod's Men, who try to capture the star. Colonial doorways are often decorated with pineapple, a symbol of hospitality.
In Alaska, boys and girls with lanterns on poles carry a large figure of a star from door to door. They sing carols and are invited in for supper.
In Washington D.C., a huge, spectacular tree is lit ceremoniously when the President presses a button and turns on the tree's lights.
In Boston, carol singing festivities are famous. The singers are accompanied by hand bells.
In New Orleans, a huge ox is paraded around the streets decorated with holly and with ribbons tied to its horns.
In Arizona, the Mexican ritual called Las Posadas is kept up. This is a ritual procession and play representing the search of Mary and Joseph for a room at the inn. Families play the parts and visit each other's houses enacting and re-enacting the drama and, at the same time, having a look at each family's crib.
In Hawaii, Christmas starts with the coming of the Christmas Tree Ship, which is a ship bringing a great load of Christmas fare. Santa Claus also arrives by boat.
In California, Santa Claus sweeps in on a surf board.
In America the traditional Christmas dinner is roast turkey with vegetables and sauces. For dessert it is rich, fruity Christmas pudding with brandy sauce. Mince pies, pastry cases filled with a mixture of chopped dried fruit.
The majority of Americans celebrate Christmas with the exchange of gifts and greetings and with family visits. For many, the day begins on Christmas Eve with the Midnight Mass. At Christmas it snows in many states, so dinner is usually eaten indoors. Dinner usually is roast turkey, goose, duck or ham served with cranberry sauce, then plum pudding or pumpkin pie followed by nuts and fruit.
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American homes are decorated with holly, mistletoe and branches of trees, most have a Christmas tree hung with electric lights, tinsel, baubles, and strings of popcorn and candy canes.
In Colorado, an enormous star is placed on the mountain, it can be seen for many kilometers around, while in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, a star is lit in early December.
Polish Americans on Christmas Eve spread hay on their kitchen floor and under the tablecloth to remind them of a stable and a manger. When they make up the table for dinner two extra places are set up for Mary and the Christ Child in case they should knock at the door to ask for shelter.
In Philadelphia, a procession called a mummers parade runs for a whole day with bands, dancers and people in fancy dress.
There are two homes for Santa Claus in the United States one is in Torrington, Connecticut, where Santa and his helpers give out presents. The other home is in Wilmington, New York, where a village for Santa and his reindeer is located.
In Arizona they follow the Mexican traditions called Las Posadas. Families play out the parts of Mary and Joseph searching for somewhere to stay. They form a procession and visit their friends' and neighbors' homes where they admire each family's Nativity crib. In parts of New Mexico, people place lighted candles in paper bags filled with sand on streets and rooftops to light the way for the Christ Child.
Christmas In AUSTRALIA
For the majority of Australians, Christmas Downunder has all the glitter, tinsel and razzmatazz of a Christmas in New York, London Paris or Vancouver. The major difference is one of WEATHER....Christmas Down Under is never White. Snow has rarely fallen if ever on this date, Down Under. We have during past Christmases experienced all the seasonal variations of a Summer Down Under.....electrical storms, floods, hailstorms, cyclones and bushfires. But 80% of the time we are blessed with blue skies and depending on our Australian location, temperatures ranging from 25-38 degrees centigrade. Currently it is Summer Down Under and daily temperatures range from 30-40 degrees centigrade on the mainland. Tamania is always slightly cooler.
Christmas is special to the majority of Australians for it is our Summer Holiday season and students especially are "wrapping" up their school year. That means sitting for end of Semester tests or exams and waiting for their results, as well as getting ready for the Summer Holidays. For the majority of Australian students this means ...SUN....SURF....SHOPPING. For students it means an end to homework and school studies and the beginning of lots of time for family, relatives and "mates". Our neighbours, the "Kiwis" or New Zealanders are actually the first ones to really celebrate the joyous day of Christmas. New Zealand is the first country immediately west of the international date line. So we're sorry most of American friends have to wait an extra day for Christmas.
So how do we REALLY celebrate Christmas? You must remember that Australia, though huge in size, has a population of just over 18 million people. Our country is a harmonious mix of many ethnic groups. Our backgrounds are very varied....our people have connections with England, Scotland, Ireland, Northern Europe, Italy, Greece, Spain, France, Middle East, Vietnam, China, Japan, Thailand as well as North and South America. So you can imagine that each of these national groups brings the colour ,customs and festive rituals of the Christmas celebrated in their respective homelands. As Australians we are able to appreciate culturally diverse Christmas celebrations.
However, up until 30 years ago, our Christmas celebrations were heavily influenced by our original Anglo-Celtic influences. The English style of Christmas served as our model for celebrating Christmas.......right down to the traditional roast turkey and steamed pudding in over 35 degree heat. Today with the huge influx of overseas migrants our Christmas celebrations are heavily influenced by the ethnicity of families involved. Common sense is prevailing today in terms of weather. Traditional dinners have been replaced with family gatherings in back yards, picnics in parks, gardens and on the beach. For many, it is the occasion to be with friends and relatives, to share love and friendship and not to forget, the exchange of gifts in the traditional manner. For many, it is of course a time to enjoy and consume massive quantities of food. A typical Christmas menu could include seafood, glazed ham, cold chicken, duck or turkey, cold deli meats, pasta, salads galore, desserts of all types,
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fruit salad, pavlovas, ice-cream plus Christmas edibles of all varieties such as mince pies,fruit cake, shortbread, chocolates etc.
There has been a suggestion that "Swag Man" take over Santa's franchise Down Under!!! There is a lot of concern about Santa Claus perhaps suffering heat stroke whilst Down Under. "Swag Man" wears a brown Akubra, a blue singlet and long baggy shorts. He spends all winter under Uluru with his merry dingoes and then at Christmas time, he gets in his huge four-wheel drive and sets off through the red dust to deliver his presents.
For those interested, the first official Christmas Down Under was celebrated on the 25th December,1788 at Sydney Cove by Reverend Johnson. After the service, Governor Arthur Phillips and his officers dined heartily, toasting the King of England and his family. But for the majority of the first white inhabitants...the convicts....there was no change to their regular menu... bread rations only. The only goodwill which seemed to have been displayed was to Michael Dennison. He was a convict who stole a pound of flour from Martha Pugh. He was sentenced to 200 lashes by the whip. But since it was Christmas, only 150 were delivered.
Currently everyone is beginning to get ready for the "silly season". Everyone is busily planning Christmas break-up parties. Children are writing letters to Santa Claus. Decorations are being bought and set up. Shopping centres and malls are experiencing record breaking crowds. In homes, many of the traditional Christmas rituals are being followed. Many children are helping to decorate the family Christmas tree. We have yet to follow the American ritual of getting "real" Christmas trees......though some do use gum tree branches. Children are learning Christmas Carols so that they may be sung at festive occasions such as public "Carols by Candlelight" and school concerts. Christmas stockings are being hung in homes....though fireplaces are in short supply. Cards galore are being written and posted. Everyone awaits.......the anticipation is high!
It must also be mentioned that with all the glitter, tinsel and razzmatazz.......Australians consider Christmas a time for remembering the true meaning of Christmas.........a time for remembering the birth of Jesus and the spiritual meaning of Christmas . For many, Christmas will begin with families attending a mid-night mass. 70% of Australians are either Catholic, Anglican or Lutheran. After the mid-night Mass, a little sleep is attempted. For many, the children in various households, wake up the family at dawn. Gifts are unwrapped and the joy of Christmas begins. For many with relatives and friends overseas, it is a mad scramble to get an early phone call to relatives worldwide.
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Додаток 3Опора до теми “Різдво”
Christmas in the USA, Ukraine, Great
Britain and Australia
American Christmas: Christmas tree, Midnight Mass, roast turkey, goose with cranberry sauce, pumpkin pie, plum pudding, mince pie, putz, Las Posadas, Christmas Tree Ship, mummers parade.
Ukrainian Christmas: Svyata Vecherya, didukh, wisps of hay, stalks of golden wheat, kolyadky, Father Frost, kutya.
British Christmas: stockings, Father Christmas, cracker, Christmas speech of monarch, Christingle service, carol service, orange and apple in red ribbon, mistletoe.
Christmas in Australia: Christmas Bush, Carols by Candlelight, Bondi Beach, picnics, Swag Man, Summer Holiday season, Down Under.
General consent on how to celebrate the holiday and demonstration to American friend some of the Ukrainian, British and Australian customs. Conclusion: where similarities and differences lie between the cultures in celebrating Christmas Day.
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Додаток 4Методичні рекомендації з теми “Парламент”
Tynwald of Today
The Branches of Tynwald, the Legislative Council and the House of Keys, sit in their separate chambers in Douglas to consider Bills. Bills which are passed by both Branches and then signed by a majority of each Branch when sitting together in Tynwald, and which receive Her Majesty's Royal Assent, become law in the Isle of Man.
When the Branches sit together in the Tynwald Chamber in Douglas, they form the Tynwald Court. Tynwald Court authorises the expenditure of the Isle of Man Government and scrutinises its administration.
The Queen, Lord of Man
The English Crown assumed control of the Island in 1333 and placed or removed various nobles with feudal powers over the Island. For many centuries the Stanley family (the Earls of Derby) were self-styled Kings and later Lords of Man, but in 1765 the feudal right to be Lord Proprietor of the Island was reclaimed by the British Crown from the Derbys’ successors, the Dukes of Atholl
Her Majesty The Queen is therefore Lord Proprietor of the Island and is formally referred to on the Island as "The Queen, Lord of Man".
The Lieutenant Governor
The Lieutenant Governor is the personal representative of the Queen on the Island. He is appointed by the Sovereign, on the advice of the Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice and with the concurrence of the Government of the Isle of Man, and usually serves for a five year term. The present Lieutenant Governor, His Excellency Vice Admiral Sir Paul Haddacks KCB, was appointed in 2005.
Formerly, the Lieutenant Governor was, in essence, the executive head of the Government on the Island but in recent years the role of the Lieutenant Governor has become somewhat more vice-regal. Many of the governmental functions have now been transferred to the Council of Ministers or to Government Departments and in exercising the majority of his remaining functions the Lieutenant Governor acts on the advice of, and with the concurrence of, the Council of Ministers. However, he retains some important constitutional duties. In respect of parliamentary matters, for example, he may, since 1981, grant Royal Assent on behalf of the Queen to designated Bills passed by Tynwald. The Lieutenant Governor usually presides at the St. John's Ceremony. However, if present on the Island, it is customary for the Sovereign to preside at St. John's and other members of the Royal Family may also preside under Letters Patent granted for that purpose.
The President of Tynwald
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The president of Tynwald presides over Tynwald when it sits in Douglas and also in the Legislative Council. He is responsible for order and conduct of business in Tynwald an the Legislative Council. He is elected by the members of Tynwald from amongst their own number. The President of Tynwald, The Hon N Q Cringle OBE, was first elected in 2000. Prior to his election as President of Tynwald, he served as a member of the House of Keys, having been first elected in 1974. Prior to 1990 the Lieutenant Governor held the office of President of Tynwald, and presided in the Legislative Council prior to 1980. From 1980 to 1990 the Legislative Council elected its own President.
The Legislative Council
The Legislative Council is the Upper Branch of Tynwald. It consists of the President of Tynwald, two ex-officio members, the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man and Her Majesty's Attorney General and eight members elected by the House of Keys.
The term "Sodor", in the Bishop's title, refers to the medieval diocese which used to include the Hebrides - the "Sudreys" or Southern Isles (as opposed to the "Nordreys"- the Northern Isles of the Orkneys and Shetland). Historically the Bishop was a Baron and, as a Lord Spiritual, a member of Tynwald succeeding to the seat held by the Abbot of Rushen Abbey, following the dissolution of the Abbey in 1553.
The remaining eight members of the Legislative Council are elected by the House of Keys for terms which expire in the February following the fourth anniversary of the date of election. Although elected by the Keys, not infrequently from among its own members, the elected members of the Legislative Council are not controlled by, or delegates of, the House of Keys.
The House of Keys
The House of Keys is the Lower Branch of Tynwald and is directly elected by the people of the Isle of Man; a General Election is held by law every five years although, exceptionally, the House could be dissolved and a General Election held within that period. Since 1266 it has had a membership of twenty-four (in Manx, “Chiare as Feed”, the four and twenty). When the Kingdom of Man and the Isles existed (prior to 1156) the members of the House of Keys were known as the Taxiaxi. They comprised sixteen representatives for Man, eight for Hebrides and four each for Islay and Mull.
The twenty-four members represent single-member and multi-member constituencies. The present allocation of seats is as follows: Ayre (1 member); Castletown (1 member); Douglas East (2 members); Douglas North (2 members); Douglas South (2 members); Douglas West (2 members); Garff (1 member); Glenfaba (1 member); Malew and Santon (1 member); Michael (1 member); Middle (1 member); Onchan (3 members); Peel (1 member); Ramsey (2 members); Rushen (3 members).
The Speaker of the House of Keys
The Speaker of the House of Keys is elected by the House from amongst its own members immediately the House assembles after a General Election. He presides in the House and is responsible for order and its conduct of business. In Tynwald he is the spokesman of the House, although he attends Tynwald as an elected member and has there the same rights and duties as other elected members. The Hon S C Rodan was elected Speaker in 2006.
The Officers of the Court
The Clerk of Tynwald, Secretary of the House of Keys and Counsel to the Speaker (Mr R I S Phillips LLB) assists the President and the Speaker in organising the business of Tynwald and the House of Keys, and advises on procedure. He is responsible for maintaining a record of the proceedings and, as Counsel to the Speaker, he advises members on Bills coming before the Branches.
The Clerk of the Legislative Council and Deputy Clerk of Tynwald (Mr J King MA, DPhil, LRSM) assists the President in the Legislative Council in organising the business of the Council, advises on procedure and is responsible for maintaining a record of the proceedings of that Branch.
The Chaplain of the House of Keys leads the House in prayers at the beginning of their sittings.
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Yn Lhaihder ("The Reader"), Dr B Stowell, fences the Court in the Manx language and, when required, promulgates the Acts in Manx.
The Sword of State
The Ancient Sword of State is carried before the Sovereign or the Governor by the Sword Bearer at each meeting of Tynwald at St. John's. The Sword of State is contended to date from not later than the 12th Century. It is traditionally the sword of Olaf Godredson (Olaf II or Olaf the Black), who became King of the Sudreys (Southern Hebrides and Man) in 1226. Together with an army of northern Manx men he successfully routed a challenge to his rule on 14th February in 1228 at Tynwald (considered to be Tynwald Hill, St John's). His followers are said to have scattered the opposing forces like sheep.
The ceremonial sword is used at the Tynwald Day sitting at St Johns and is carried by the Sword Bearer preceding the Sovereign or the Lieutenant Governor in the procession. It also appears when Tynwald sits in the Legislative Chambers in Douglas where a replica of the sword is displayed on non-sitting days.
The sword signifies the duty of the Sovereign, acting through Tynwald, to protect and defend the people from the incursions of their enemies, in peace and in war. Tynwald is not properly constituted and no proceedings can take place without its presence. Members show deference to its authority by standing in their places as the sword is brought in and placed in position prior to commencement of business.
The Sword of State has a two-edged steel blade, 29 inches long, with a hardwood hilt, 9 inches long, which tapers from the guard to the pommel. The guard is a thin steel band, 11 inches across, surmounted where the guard intersects the blade with shields carrying the Three Legs, which also appear on the flattened pommel.
The current Sword Bearer is Mrs Bernadette McCabe, appointed in 1997, who is the first woman to hold the position.
The Deemsters
The First Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls, His Honour JM Kerruish QC, is the Chief Judge of the Island's High Court of Justice and, in the absence of the Governor, acts as Deputy Governor. The Second Deemster is His Honour DC Doyle QC.
The office of Deemster is of very ancient origin. The name is derived from the "doom" or judgment which, in olden times before written records were kept, the Deemster gave as "Breast Law".
At the Tynwald Ceremony it still remains the duty of the Deemsters to promulgate Acts of Tynwald by reading the title of each Act and a memorandum containing a brief statement of its object and purport in Manx and English from Tynwald Hill.
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The Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers
The Chief Minister is the political head of the Isle of Man Government. The office, in its present form, came into being in December 1986. The Council of Ministers consists of the Chief Minister and nine Ministers and is primarily responsible for the formulation and implementation of Government policy. The Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor on the nomination of Tynwald; Ministers are appointed by the Governor on the nomination of the Chief Minister. The Chief Minister and the Ministers are all members of Tynwald.
The Chief Minister, Hon J A Brown MHK, was appointed on 14 December 2006.
The Coroners
The Coroners are officers of Tynwald and the Courts, who serve summonses and other processes and enforce their execution.
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Додаток 5Опора до теми “Парламент”
THE PARLIAMENTS OF UKRAINE AND ISLE OF MAN
Verkhovna Rada Tynwald
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One chamber
Bills become law after being signed by the President
The Representative of the President in Verkhovna Rada
The Chairman of Verkhovna Rada
The First Vice ChairmanThe Vice Chairman
450 deputies
The State Flag
Government
General election – every four years
Two chambers: the Legislative Council;the House of Keys
Вills become law after receiving Royal Assent
The Lieutenant Governor is the personal representative of the Monarch
The President of Tynwald
The Speaker of the House of KeysThe Clerk of TynwaldThe Secretary of the House of KeysThe Counsel to the Speaker
36 members:12 in the Legislative Counsil;24 in the House of Keys