© 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU Malnutrition Is Still a Major Contributor to Child Deaths Presentation by Carl Haub, Richard Skolnik, and Linda Jacobsen.

© 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

Malnutrition Is Still a Major Contributor to Child Deaths

Presentation by Carl Haub, Richard Skolnik,

and Linda Jacobsen of the Population Reference Bureau, Aug. 16, 2007

2007 World Population Data Sheet


Global Population Growth Is Driven by Developing Countries.

Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision.

World Population (in Billions): 1950-2050


Developed Countries Have Fewer Young People, but a Higher Share of Elderly.


Population by Age and Sex, More Developed Countries: 2007


Developing Countries Have More Young People, and a Smaller Share of Elderly.


Population by Age and Sex, Less Developed Countries: 2007


An Important Global Issue Is the “Demographic Divide” – The Vast Gulf in Birth and Death Rates Among Countries.

ETHIOPIA GERMANY

Total Population 77.1 million 82.3 million

Population below Age 15 33.0 million 11.9 million

Population Age 65 and Older 2.2 million 15.3 million

Annual Births 3.1 million 672,000

Annual Deaths 1.2 million 821,000

Annual Infant Deaths 236,000 2,600

Life Expectancy at Birth 49 years 79 years

Percent of Adults Ages 15-49 with HIV/AIDS 1.4% 0.1%

Source: Carl Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet.

Ethiopia and Germany: The Demographic Divide in 2007


In Many Developing Countries, Fertility Rates Are Stabilizing After Years of Decline.

Source: United Nations Population Division and National Demographic and Health Surveys.

Fertility Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa: 1980-2005


India’s National Fertility Rate Masks Sharp Differences Among its States.

Source: Registrar General of India, Sample Registration System.

Total Fertility Rate in India and Selected States: 2005


By Comparison, Fertility Levels May Be on the Rebound in Much of Europe.

Source: National statistical agencies.

Fertility Trends in Europe: 1980-2006


HIV Prevalence Varies Greatly Among Countries, and Is Highest in sub-Saharan Africa.

Sources: UNAIDS, Demographic and Health Surveys.

Percent of Adults Ages 15-49 with HIV, Selected Countries: 2005-2006


South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa Have the Highest Shares of Young Children who Are Underweight.


Prevalence of Underweight Children Under Age 5, by Country


Vitamin A and Iron Deficiencies Are Also Prevalent Among Children Under Age 5.

Source: Disease Control Priorities Project, “Stunting, Wasting, and Micronutrient Disorders” (2006): Table 28.1.

Percent of Children Under Age 5 with Vitamin A and Iron Deficiencies, Selected Regions


Malnutrition Carries High Human and Economic Costs.

Source: The Micronutrient Initiative, Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency: A Global Damage Assessment Report.

Estimated Percentage of GDP Lost to All Forms of Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency, Selected Countries


Some Countries Have Made Progress in Reducing Malnutrition Among Children Under 5.

Source: ORC Macro, MEASURE DHS STATcompiler (www.measuredhs.com, accessed August 9, 2007).

Percent of Children Under Age 5 Who Are Moderately Underweight, Selected Countries


Low-Cost Interventions Can Dramatically Reduce the Prevalence of Malnutrition.

INTERVENTION COST

Conditional Cash Transfers $70.00 - $77.00

Iron Supplements $0.55 - $3.17

Vitamin A Supplements $1.01 - $2.55

Nutrition Education $2.50

Salt Iodization $0.20 - $0.50

Source: World Bank, Repositioning Nutrition as Central to Development: A Strategy for Large-Scale Action (2006): Table 1.2.

Annual Cost per Person of Nutrition Programs


Long a Problem in Industrialized Countries, Obesity Is a Problem in the Developing World.


Percent of Adults Who Are Obese, Selected Countries: 2005


The Share of U.S. Adults and Children who Are Overweight Has Risen Dramatically.

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Health, United States, 2006: Table 73.

Percent of Adults Ages 20-74 and Children Who Are Overweight or Obese, United States: 1960s to 2000s


In the United States, Obesity Rates Are Highest Among Adults in Their Late 50s and Early 60s.

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Health, United States, 2006: Table 73.

Percent of Men and Women Ages 20 and Older Who Are Obese, United States, by Age: 2001-2004


Despite Rising Obesity Levels, Some Households in the United States Do Not Always Have Enough to Eat.

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Household Food Security in the United States, 2005 (Economic Research Report No.29): Table 1-A.

Percent of Households and Children Who Are Food Insecure, United States: 1998-2005


Children Are More Likely to Experience Food Insecurity in Some Types of Households.

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Household Food Security in the United States, 2005 (Economic Research Report No.29): Table 6.

Prevalence of Food Insecurity by Children’s Household Characteristics, United States: 2005


Women in the United States Have More Children on Average Than Women in Europe.

Source: National statistical agencies.

Fertility Trends in Europe and the United States: 1980-2006


Hispanic Women Have the Highest Fertility Among Major U.S. Racial and Ethnic Groups.

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.

Fertility Trends in the United States, by Race and Ethnicity: 1991 and 2005


Older People Are a Smaller Share of the Population in the United States Than in Europe and Japan.


Population Age 65 and Older, by Country


Presentation by Carl Haub, Richard Skolnik,

and Linda Jacobsen of the Population Reference Bureau, Aug. 16, 2007

2007 World Population Data Sheet

Malnutrition Is Still a Major Contributor to Child Deaths

© 2007 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU Malnutrition Is Still a Major Contributor to Child Deaths Presentation by Carl Haub, Richard Skolnik, and Linda Jacobsen.

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