© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter Seven Making Decisions About Drug Use.

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Chapter SevenChapter SevenMaking Decisions About Making Decisions About

Drug UseDrug Use


Effects of Drugs on the CNSEffects of Drugs on the CNS Neuron – brain cellNeuron – brain cell Dendrite – portion of neuron that Dendrite – portion of neuron that

receives electrical stimulireceives electrical stimuli Axon – portion of neuron that Axon – portion of neuron that

conducts electrical impulse from conducts electrical impulse from dendritedendrite

Synapse – location of reception site Synapse – location of reception site between axon of neuron and between axon of neuron and dendrite from anotherdendrite from another


The Process of AddictionThe Process of Addiction

• Exposure: introduced to the drug that is Exposure: introduced to the drug that is considered pleasurableconsidered pleasurable

• Compulsion: time, energy, and money Compulsion: time, energy, and money are spent to pursue the behavior. are spent to pursue the behavior. Normal behavior has already Normal behavior has already degenerateddegenerated

• Loss of Control: addicted people lose the Loss of Control: addicted people lose the ability to control their behavior; results ability to control their behavior; results in addiction to more than one drug or in addiction to more than one drug or behaviorbehavior


Drug TerminologyDrug Terminology

Drug:Drug: substance other than food that substance other than food that will alter functionwill alter function

Psychoactive drug:Psychoactive drug: a drug that alters a drug that alters moods or feelingsmoods or feelings

DependenceDependence: the need to continue to : the need to continue to use a drug for psychological or use a drug for psychological or physical reasonsphysical reasons


Drug Terminology (cont’d)Drug Terminology (cont’d)

Tolerance:Tolerance: acquired result of diminished acquired result of diminished effects from prolonged useeffects from prolonged use

Withdrawal:Withdrawal: response of body to regain response of body to regain normality without drug in the systemnormality without drug in the system

Drug misuse:Drug misuse: unintentional inappropriate unintentional inappropriate use of drugsuse of drugs

Drug abuse:Drug abuse: intentional inappropriate use intentional inappropriate use of drugsof drugs


4 Methods of4 Methods ofDrug AdministrationDrug Administration

1.1. IngestionIngestion

2.2. InjectionInjection

3.3. InhalationInhalation

4.4. AbsorptionAbsorption


Drug ClassificationsDrug Classifications

1.1. StimulantsStimulants

2.2. DepressantsDepressants

3.3. HallucinogensHallucinogens

4.4. NarcoticsNarcotics

5.5. CannabisCannabis

6.6. InhalantsInhalants


StimulantsStimulants

Function:Function: elevate CNS elevate CNS Examples:Examples: caffeine, amphetamines, caffeine, amphetamines,

cocaine,crack, ephedra, ritalin, cocaine,crack, ephedra, ritalin, adderalladderall


DepressantsDepressants

Function:Function: slows down the CNS slows down the CNS Examples:Examples: barbiturates, barbiturates,

tranquilizers, alcoholtranquilizers, alcohol


HallucinogensHallucinogens

Function:Function: distort reality, produce distort reality, produce hallucinationshallucinations

Examples:Examples: LSD, PCP LSD, PCP


CannabisCannabis

Function:Function: produces a variety of produces a variety of effects effects

Examples:Examples: marijuana, hashish, marijuana, hashish, active ingredient tetra hydro active ingredient tetra hydro cannabinol (THC)cannabinol (THC)

Chronic abuse may lead to an amotivational syndrome


NarcoticsNarcotics

Function:Function: relieve pain relieve pain Examples:Examples: opium, heroin, morphine, opium, heroin, morphine,

demerol, oxycontindemerol, oxycontin


InhalantsInhalants

Function:Function: unpredictable, drunk-like unpredictable, drunk-like effectseffects

Examples:Examples: household products and household products and solventssolvents


Combination Drug EffectsCombination Drug Effects

Synergistic:Synergistic: exaggerates each exaggerates each drug effectsdrug effects

Additive:Additive: totals just the sum of totals just the sum of each drugeach drug

Potentiated:Potentiated: intensifies second intensifies second drugdrug

Antagonistic:Antagonistic: reduces effect of reduces effect of another druganother drug


Society’s Response toSociety’s Response toDrug UseDrug Use

Development of anti-drug Development of anti-drug organizationsorganizations

Famous personalities are used Famous personalities are used discourage use of drugsdiscourage use of drugs

Starting drug education earlier in Starting drug education earlier in grade school (pre-school levels)grade school (pre-school levels)

Decrease of Decrease of gatewaygateway drug exposure drug exposure


Drug TreatmentDrug Treatment

Treatment programs via direct Treatment programs via direct confrontationconfrontation

Trained drug counselorsTrained drug counselors Private clinics or hospital settingPrivate clinics or hospital setting


Chapter SevenChapter SevenMaking Decisions About Drug UseMaking Decisions About Drug Use

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter Seven Making Decisions About Drug Use.

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