A Accession and Acceding country = . y (accession country) ( ,
Copenhagen criteria) . y(accedingcountry) . . Accountability=. . ,
. . Accountingposting= . AccountingRegulatorsCommittee(ARC)=. . .
Accountingprinciples=. . : Accruals principle = . , . Cash flow
accounting and Realization principles: 1)cashflowaccounting .
2),realizationrule . Consistencyandcomparabilityprinciples= . . , .
, . .Dualaspectprinciple=.K (double entry book keeping). , . , ( )
() (). Economic reality and transparency principles = . , o, . .
Entity principle = . , . . Goingconcernbasis=. .
HistoricCostAccounting,HCA=. . . Materialityprinciple=. ., , , .
Moneymeasurementprinciple=. ., . . Objectivityprinciple=. .,, . .
Recognition of postbalance sheet events principle = . . : 1) , 2)
,, . Periodicityprinciple=., . , .
Prudenceorconservatismprinciple=. o ., ,(ifin doubt, overstate
losses and understate profits). , (unrealisedgains)
(unrealisedlosses) . . , . Relevanceprinciple=. . . Quantitative
principle = . . () , :
1)Economicrealityandtransparency2)Prudence3)Recognitionofpostbalancesheet
events 4) Materiality 5) Accruals 6) Going concern7) Consistency
and comparability. AccountOfficer= .,, , . account officer
marketing .customer'saccountofficer . , . , , . .accountofficer .
Accounts Payable = . . (currentliabilities) . , . Accounts
Receivable = . . (current assets) . , . Accrualbond= .
Accruedinterest=. ., (plusaccruedinterests) .,, 40 , 10 (6 : 1,5 =
4 40 : 4 = 10 ). Acquis communautaire = . (.). ( Copenhagen
Criteria) .. . ( ) ( , ). Acquisition=. . . Action taken by the E.U
institutions = , (.) : )Regulations=., ' . )Directives=., ,
.)Decisions=.A .) Recommendations and Opinions = . ..O. (OJEC,
JOCE). :1)o(European law). . 2) - (European framework law). ,
3)(Europeanregulation). . 4) (Europeandecision).,. ,5) (European
recommendations and opinions) .
Activeandpassiveportfoliomanagement= .(ctiveportfoliomanagement)
(benchmarkportfolio). benchmark . 25% .
(passiveportfoliomanagement) ) ) (yield to maturity) . . Addendum=.
, . . Add-on=(hardware)(software) /., (add-on),, ,(modems),,
.AdjustableRateMortgage,ARM=. . prime rate (. LIBOR). (ceiling). ,
o AR . AdKalendasGraecas=. . , . .
Administered,fixedandfloatinginterestrates=,
.Administeredinterestrates=. . Fixed interest rates = . .
Floatinginterestrates=. + 1% Euribor + 0,70% MRO (). Euribor . .
Administeredprice= . DSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) =
DSL. AdValorem=., , , (%) . Affidavit= .Affidavitofloss . .
AffinityCard=., ,, . , , . AfricanDevelopmentBankGroup=(AfDB).
I1964AfDB . . 77 : 53 (Regional Member Countries, RMC): - - - )
24,(Non-Regional Member Countries) A . : 1) African Development
Bank, (AfDB).( ). 1964 1966. 53 24 , . : .33. . . , , , , , . ) )
1812 6.904 .2) The African Development Fund, ADF ( ). 1972 1974 24.
., . 0,75% 0,50% . 3)TheNigeriaTrustFund,NTF(). 1976 432..4%, 25. .
Agency pass-throughs =
GovernmentNationalMortgageAssociation(GinnieMay), Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) Federal National Mortgage
Association (Fannie May) ( ). Agencies= . , ,10 .Agency bonds = .
Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Sallie Mae Federal Home Loan Banks. Agent
= , . AggregateDemand,AD=. : , ,., : (consumer spending, C),
(investment, I), (government spending, G) (expenditure on export,
X) (expenditureonimportsofgoods and services, M). , (AD) AD = C + I
+ G +XM.(aggregatedemandcurve) . Aggregates = .. , , . Algorithm=..
/ .O ./ .X(converter) . alias=. ., ., "" . alias mail .alias/
.Allotment=. , (prorata) . Alpha= . . : [ ( y ) ( (b) ( ) ) ] / n,
n = (36),=beta,=,y= .,25% 5%, 25-5=20%. ,9%.beta 2 ( Standard and
Poors). 2 9% =18%.20%.2%200 . (weighted Alpha) , . . . .
Alternativeassets=. (private equity), (venturecapital),
(hedgefunds)(realestate). . AmericanExpressCards=AmericanExpress.
(chargecard)1958.,AmericanExpress 1.000.00085.000 . 1986
.,AmericanExpress,, ,, : Charge Cards:American Express Rewards
Green CardAmerican Express Preferred Rewards Green CardAmerican
Express Rewards Gold Prepaid CardsThe TravelFunds CardThe Be My
Guest dining CardAmerican Express Gift Card Credit Cards:Blue from
American ExpressCardAmerican Express Preferred Rewards Gold
CardAmerican Express Rewards Plus Gold CardAmerican Express
CardAmerican Express Gold CardPlatinum CardAmerican Express
Platinum Financial Services Card ONE Financial Account
CardsAmerican Express Preferred Rewards Gold CardAmerican Express
Gold CardPlatinum Card Fidelity CardsFidelity American Express Gold
CardFidelity American Express Platinum Card Student and Senior
CardsAmerican Express Card for StudentsAmericanExpress Senior
Member CardAmerican Express Gold Senior Member Card
AmericanExpressStudent CardsBlue for Students Optima CardOptima
Platinum Card Cash Rewards CardsBlue Cash from American
ExpressAmerican Express Cash Rebate CardAmerican Express Costco
Cash Rebate Credit CardAmerican Express Platinum Cash Rebate Card
Airline Rewards CardsDelta SkyMiles Options Credit CardDelta
SkyMiles Credit CardGold Delta SkyMiles Credit CardPlatinum Delta
SkyMiles Credit Card Hotel Rewards CardsHilton HHonors Platinum
Credit Card from AmericanExpressStarwood Preferred Guest Credit
Card from American Express Sports Cards American Express Golf Card
Amortisation=1) . . , (103)(parvalue100),
(premium).(negativeamortisation) 2) . . (straight-line
amortisation) ( ) .Analog and digital lines = . (analogline) .
.(digitalline) . : , 1 ) 0.Anchor/Peggingcurrency=- .- ..1998, ..
., . Annualize=., 2006 50.000 200.000(50.0004) 0,5%, 6% (0,5% 12 ).
Annual Percentage Rate, APR = . ., ,, . Annuity=,. ,, . Anti-Virus
= / . .APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) = - . 19891993.
20102020 . : ) ) ).2004,APEC21:, , , , , , , , , , ,,,,,,, (), , .
API-ApplicationProgrammingInterface=. / . . APIs (libraries) .,APIs
socket().BerkeleysocketsWindowsSockets(Winsock) APIs.,APIsJava
servletsWebAPIsXML-RPC() .Appraisal= . Aprioriandaposteriori=
.Apriori . posteriori . Arbitrage = . . .. / /. , , / . , (. )
1012, . . , (triangular arbitrage). Arbitrage bond = . .
Arithmeticmean=mean(). . Armslengthprinciple=. . , , . ., , ) ). .
rtificialintelligence =. /. 1956 .,,, , , , , / . Asian Development
Bank (ADB) = . 1966 2.000 50 . , , . ,,,,, .50% 50% .,49 .O:1) ,2)
, .O .ADB32 . 2006 64 : ) 46 : ,,,,,,,, , , -,,,,,,. ,,,,,,,,
(),,,,,, ,,,,,,), ,,,,,,,- .) 18 -:,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,, .) , , , , , ,
, .),16,3 4 .- . , ,,,, , , , , , , , ,, . , D.C.ADB. , , -. Asset
allocation = . (., , , , , , , ), , . . . Asset allocation
optimisation = . .,,, .Asset-BackedSecurities,ABS= ,,, ,,,, .ABS
(shortduration), . , (90%) . :, , . Assets = . , , , , , , . :
)Fixedassets=. . :)tangiblefixedassets:,, ,,,
)intangiblefixedassets:, , .)Currentassets=, , .)on-currentassets=
. Assetliabilitymanagement= .:) ) ) .
AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations,ASEAN= . 8.8.1967 :,,,,,,,, . ,
.24.2.1976 :),,, ) ) )) ) .1997ASEAN2020 . ASEAN 100 . ,, ,,,, .
Asymmetricinformation=. , , . . ., . .(marketmakers) , .
marketmakers . Asymmetric shocks = . . : , ., ( 1985, 1995, 2003
2007). 50% ,, . . . ' . , , . ,, , . AsynchronousTransferMode=, . .
. . Atbestoratthebest=. . :) ) dealer . .
Atthemoney=(option)atthemoney (exercisestrikeprice)
.(break-even-point) . At the money Spot option (spot price) . At
the money forward option (forwardprice) . Audit trail = . , , .
AutomaticTellerMachine,ATM=.i- . , ,, ,(PIN), ,.,2006, 6.230 ATMs.
Automaticanddiscretionarystabilisers=. :
Automaticeconomicstabilisers=. . . , . Automatic fiscalstabilisers
= . . . OMartinWeitzman (profitsharing). , .
Discretionarystabilisers=. , , , . Autonomousliquidityfactors=. ,
., , . Autoregressive=. . Averagecost=. . . Averagingprovision=
(minimumreserves) (maintenanceperiod) ., .
averagingprovision(inimumreserves(reserverequirements)ofthe
Eurosystem). B Baby bond = 1.000 . Baby boom generation and Y
generation = . Baby boom generation 1943 1960. , 1968 , , , --, . .
FED baby boomers . 18.1.2007 FED 70.000.000 2008
.Ygeneration19771994 11, .2015, . Backbone=. . (servers) /
.backbone .Backbone network = . . (servers),(routers),hubs()
(bridges). backbonenetwork. , . Backlog = . Backtesting= , ., . .
Back-to-back loan = . . . Backwardation= . (normalbackwardation)
(futures) hedgers,futures,short . hedgers long . backwardation
future future future . Badcredit=. (creditrating). , . Bailingout
=1). . 2) . . 103 ,. . Balancedfund=. .. , , , . Balance of
payments = . , (, , , ). ,,, . , , :1) ,, 2) / 3) ,4) 5)6) . , :
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS OF GREECE ) / (1+2+3+4) )CURRENT ACCOUNT
(1+2+3+4) 1) 1) GOODSOIL balance TRADE BALANCE excluding oil Ships'
Balance TRADE BALANCE excluding oil and shipsExports Oil ()
Ships(receipts) Other goodsImports Oil () Ships (payments) Other
goods2) 2)SERVICES Receipts Travel Transportation Other services
Payments Travel Transportation Other services 3) 3) INCOME Receipts
, Compensation of employees , , Investment income Payments ,
Compensation of employees , , Investment income 4) 4) CURRENT
TRANSFERS Receipts ( ) General Government (mainly transfers from
E.U) ( , ) Other sectors Payments ( ) General Government (mainly
payments to E.U) Other sectors ) N )CAPITAL TRANSFERS Receipts (
)General Government (mainly transfers from E.U) Other sectors
Payments ( ) General Government (mainly payments to E.U) Other
sectors ( + ) CURRENT ACCOUNT AND CAPITAL TRANSFERS ( + ) ) A C)
FINANCIAL ACCOUNT A
DIRECT INVESTMENT Abroad Home PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT Assets
Liabilities OTHER INVESTMENT Assets Liabilities ( ) (Loans of
General Government) )
D) CHANGE IN RESERVE ASSETS ) )BALANCING ITEM ) ( ) F) RESERVE
ASSETS (STOCK) , ,. . SUMMARY BALANCE OF PAYMENTS OF THE EURO AREA
/ (1+2+3+4) 1) 2) 3) 4) CURRENT ACCOUNT (1+2+3+4) 1)Goods
2)Services 3)Income 4)Current transfers CAPITAL ACCOUNT AA (++++) )
( ) ) : ) ) FINANCIAL ACCOUNT (a+b+c+d+e) a) Direct investment
Equity capital and reinvested earnings Other capital (mostly
inter-company loans) b) Portfolio investment Equity Debts
instruments Bonds and notes Money market instruments MEMO ITEM:
COMBINED DIRECT AND PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT c) Financial derivatives
d) Other investments : ( ) : ) Eurosystem General government of
which: currency and deposits MFIs (excluding the Eurosystem) long
term short term Other sectors of which: currency and depositse)
Reserve assets Monetary gold SDRs Reserve position in the IMF
Foreign exchange Other claims Errors and omissions
Balancesheet=.(assets) (liabilities). . ,, .
,(profitandlossaccount) , . . (BANK ANNUAL BALANCE SHEET PATTERN)
ASSETS TAMEIO KAI ) ) ) CASH AND BALANCES WITH CENTRAL BANKS a)
Cash b) Cheques receivable c) Deposits with central banks ) )
TREASURYBILLSANDOTHERSECURITIES ELIGIBLE FOR REFINANCING WITH THE
CENTRAL BANK a) Issued by the State b) Other ) ) ) A LOANS AND
ADVANCES TO CREDIT INSTITUTIONS a) Repayable on demand b) With
agreed maturity c) Reverse repos - ) ) - LOANS AND ADVANCES TO
CUSTOMERS - Loans a) Maturing within one year b) Maturing after one
year - Other receivables Less allowances for credit losses - ) ) -
SECURITIES - Debt securities including fixed-income securitiesa)
Issued by the State b) Other - Shares and other variable-yield
securities ) ) INVESTMENTS a) Investments in non-affiliates b)
Investments in affiliates ) INTANGIBLES ASSETS a) Formation and
preliminary expenses ) Less amortisation b) Other intangible assets
Less amortisation ) ) ) ) ) ) TANGIBLES ASSETS a) Land b) Buildings
- Buildings installation Less depreciation c) Furniture and
fixtures Less depreciation d) EDP equipment Less depreciation e)
Other tangible assets Less depreciation f) Fixed assets under
construction and advances OTHER ASSETS ) ) - - - - PREPAYMENTS AND
ACCRUED INCOME a) Prepaid expenses b) Accrued interest - State
bonds - Other bonds - Loans and advances - Other TOTAL ASSETS
LIABILITIES ) ) ) DUE TO CREDIT INSTITUTIONS a) Repayable on demand
b) Time deposits c) Repos ) - - - ) - - DUE TO CUSTOMERS a)
Deposits - Repayable on demand - Saving deposits - Time deposits b)
Other liabilities - Cheques and orders payable - Repos DEBT
SECURITIES ISSUED ) ) ) ) OTHER LIABILITIES a) Dividends payable b)
Income tax and other taxes payable c) Withholdings in favour of
social security funds and other third parties d) Other ) ) )
ACCRUED EXPENSES AND DEFERRED INCOME a) Deferred income b) Accrued
interest on time deposits c) Other accrued expenses of the year ) )
PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES AND CHARGES a) Provision for staff
retirement indemnities b) Other SUBORDINATED DEBT - ) ) ) ) -
CAPITAL AND RESERVES Share capital - Paid-up capital Share premium
account Reserves a) Legal reserve b) Extraordinary reserve c)
Tax-free reserves under special laws d) Reserves from the
revaluation of securities Land and building revaluation surplus
Earnings transferable to the new year - Retained earnings Treasury
shares Goodwill to be netted off TOTAL LIABILITIES - ) ) ) (, , ) )
OFF BALANCE SHET ACCOUNTS Contingent liabilities - From guarantees
in favour of third parties Repos Other off Balance Sheet accounts
a) Beneficiaries of asset items b) Bilateral agreements c) Sundry
off balance sheet accounts (guarantees, securities etc)d) Mutual
funds holders TOTAL OFF BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNTS Balloonloan=.
(theballoonpayment).,, . , ., . Bancassurance=. . O , :) )1)
(creditinsurance) 2) (overdraftinsurance)3) .,, (endowment mortgage
or investment mortgage) ) . bancassurance , , . . 30%40% . :1) ,2)
3),4) , 5) .
Bandwidth = . , , . , ., . herz , bits . To bandwidth internet,
(downloading) . Bank draft = . . Banker'sacceptance,BA=. ., (at
par). ,, . ,, . .O . BankforInternationalSettlements,BIS=. 19301998
- . 3 . , BIS : 1) . 130 BIS. 31.3.1999 112 . , 7%31.3.2004 177,5 .
. BIS . (MITBIS,MediumTermInstruments) (FIXBIS,
Fixed-RateInvestmentInstruments).,BIS . , . 13,28 . 1998. 2)..
10(G10), O(1964-1993) ,, , (CPSS),
(CommitteeontheGlobalFinancialSystem) G101998 (IAIS)1999
(FinancialStabilityInstitute,FSI,). G10 . . 3) .1974G10
(BaselCommitteeonBankingSupervision) BIS.:) ,) ,) 1988 2007 Basel
II .4). .BIS1,5.(1 = 1,94 ) 600.000 86% 14%.8.1.2001BIS 16.000. .
7.977,565% 8.1.2001 19.3.2003, 1.075,34 . 10 2003 (SDR, Special
Drawing Rights). 1.4.2003 5.000 SDRsBIS3,000SDRs 600.000 .2006,55
(, , , , , -, , ,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,, , , , , , , ,
,,,,,,,,, ,,,-SAR). BIS ,,, exofficio. 9 . .2005 ,Bundesbank . BIS
485 32 . Banking disintermediation = . ., , . , . .
BankingSupervisionCommittee,BSC=. 1999 . . , .. ,, (CentralCredit
Registers). Bank loans of the single list = Tier-one, tier-two
assets and their substitution by the single list system as from
1.1.2007. Banknote security features = . , , . : A) :
Banknotepaper=. (Banknote Paper Mills) (cotton fiber paper),.
(polymer paper). , , , , , ,,,,,, ,,. (ReserveBankofAustralia,RBA)
1988. . Blindembossing=. . Clear window = . . . () .
Diffractiveopticallyvariableimage,DOVID= ..
(hologram,Kinegram,Gyrogram,). . . .
Denominationnumeralinopticalvariableink(OVI)= . (. 100,200,500) .
Hologram=. (3D)., (rainbowtransmission holograms).
Intaglioprinting=., . , . . (suitable colors with intaglio
printing) (intaglio printing relief with tactical properties).
Microperf=. . Moirevariablecolor,MVC=. , . Optically variable
devices, OVD = . . Opticallyvariableinks,OVI= .
.Reflectingfoilstrips= . Reflecting foil strips with diffractive
structure = . Security thread = . ., --(securitythreadcombinedwith
miniandmicrolettering). .Seethroughregisters=. ., . Shadowimage=.
.() . System of transparent reflection against photocoping, STRAP =
. (). . Watermark=. . . , (electrotype wire watermark). B) :
Copy-evidentpaper= .. ,, (void). Infrared light, IR = .
InvisibleUV(UltraViolet)fluorescentfibers= . Microprint=. .
:)microtext=. . ) micropattern = . ., . ) (machine readable
features) ATMS (vending machines):
Banknotenumberisrecognisedonlybyspecialmachines= . Barcodes=. .
Codified magnetic security thread = .
Digitalcharacterrecognition,DCR=. (scanners) (PCsalgorithms). OCR.
Infraredlightcombinedinks= ., . (infraredlight,IRdark). ,, .
Magneticinkcharacterrecognition,MICR= . (OCR) . . Modular features,
MF = o(counting andsortingmachines) . . Novel numbering = . Novel.
, ., . Optical character recognition, OCR = .
(machine-editabletext) ,(scanners), .
Smallcodefieldintaglioprintingpattern=x . Watermark consisted by
several diagonal lines = . Basecurrency=. . , . , . . Base effect =
. , . baseeffect(t)(t+1) . BaselCommitteeonBankingSupervision=E
.1974 10(G10=,,,,, ,,,,).4. (BIS) . ,, . G10 . 30 . 1988, (Basel
Capital Accord) . 8% . 1997,
(CorePrinciplesforEffectiveBankingSupervision) 1999(CorePrinciples
Methodology).1999, , 2(Basel II). 26 2004,, .262004 G10. Basel II.
BaselII=. G1026 2004.:: :(BaselII:
InternationalConvergenceofCapitalMeasurementandCapitalStandards:aRevised
Framework). : : . CapitalAccord1998(I). . () I. ( 8% ). :)
(operational risk) . ,, ):1) , 2), . (credit risk) ,
(standardisedapproach),I . I, , ,,., .
(FoundationInternalRatingsBased,FIRB), . FIRB - . ,
BCBS(BaselCommitteeonBankingSupervision).FIRB (modern asset pricing
theory). H , . . (default) . ( ) (probability ofdefault).FIRB, .
FIRB (confidence level) 99,9%. , . , FIRB , . :
1)Probabilityofdefault,PD=. . . 2) Loss given default, LGD: . .
3)Exposureatdefault,EAD=. . 4) Maturity of the loan = .
5)Correlationtosystematicrisk=. . 6) Risk weight factor = . .
(advanced internalratings-basedapproach)(input variables). (PD)
(LGD),(EAD) IRB. (operational risk) , , :
1)H(thebasicindicatorapproach). 15% . 2)H(standardisedapproach). .
BCBS . 3)(advancemeasurementapproach). . . ,(marketrisk) Capital
Accord 1998. : , , . . , .,, . . . . : . . . , .
Basispoint,bp=1%,0,01%.50bp0,5%25bp 0,25%.basispoints ., 10 bp .
Batchprocessing=.off-line . , ., /. enchmarkrisk=. benchmark .
Bearmarket=.E . . , 15% 20% bear market. Benchmark = ,.
(benchmarkportfolio), 10 1030. ,3EURIBOREuro-LIBOR.
(commodities)CRBindex 20,FIXING ,Brent(NorthSee
Brentblendcrudeoil)Crude(USlightsweetcrudeoil,WTI) . . :
)strategicbenchmark=. -.,, )tacticalbenchmark=. - .1,2,3, . . (. ).
. (outperformance).,, benchmark (underperformance). benchmark
portfolios , .Benchmarking=, . , . Beta = . , ., . .(regression
analysis). 1 . . .., . . ,1,2 20% . BIC(BankIdentifierCode)=SWIFT.
(SWIFT). , (InternationalOrganisationforStandardisation,ISO), SWIFT
. SWIFT. : (Bank Code). 4 . BANK (Country Code). 2 . CC GR
(LocationCode). . LL (SWIFT BIC) BANKCCLL . (BranchCode)3.MAR.
BANKCCLLMAR. ,BIC (IBAN, International Bank Account Number,
).1.1.2006,IBANBIC () .,13/15.11.2005:) 1.1.2006 IBAN BIC ) 2006
IBAN BIC ) , , 1.1.2007.Bid and offer price = bid price
,.Offerprice , . Big bang = . . 27.10.1986 ( ) (LSE): ) )
)(dualcapacitysystem) , (agents)-(brokers-dealers) ) ., .,
(building societies) . . . ,, 31.12.2001,1.1.2002 . BigFour=4.,, :
v4,HSBC(HongKongand
ShanghaiBankingCorporation),RBS(RoyalBankofScotland),LloydsTSB(Trustee
Savings Bank) Barclays v 4 , Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, Merrill
Lynch Leehman Brothers. v4,
PriceWaterhouseCoopers,KPMG(Klynveld,Peat,MarwickandGoerdeler),Ernst&
Young Deloitte Haskins & Sells.
BilateralproceduresoftheEurosystem=.O () . . . : direct contact
with counterparties = . O (). . , , operationsexecutedthrough
stockexchangesandmarketagents= . O . ..., , .Billofexchange=.
.(issuerordrawer), (payer or drawee acceptor)(payeeor bearer). . ,
. . .(orderbill) (endorsement). ,,. . , ,, , , . Billoflading=. . .
. , :Negotiablebilloflading=. .Straightbilloflading=. . , ,
.Cleanbilloflading= . Bearer billoflading =. . . . : Truck bill of
lading = . Railway bill of lading = Ocean bill of lading = Post
Office receipt = Airway bill of lading = Throughbilloflading=. ,
.Billpayabletoorder=. . (issuerordrawer) (payee). . : ) ) )., ) )
). (billofexchange).,, (endorsement). : 1) , ) , . . ) ) ., .
Bit,binarydigit=. . 1 . (bit) binary digit. bits . bit : 1 kilobit
(kb) = 1.024 bits 1 megabit (mb) = 1.024 kilobits 1.048.576 bits 1
gigabit (gb) = 1.024 megabits 1.073.741.824 bits 1 terabit (tb) =
1.024 gigabits 1.099.511.627.776 bits 1 petabit (pb) = 1.024
terabits 1.125.899.906.842.624 bits 1 exabit (eb) =1.024 petabits
1.152.921.504.606.846.976 bits 1 zettabit (zb) = 1.024 exabits
1.180.591.620.717.411.303.424 bits 1 yottabit (yb) = 1.024
zettabits 1.208.925.819.614.629.174.706.176bits Bitmap=.(bit)
.bits1s0s. / 1s 0s .BMP Paint Windows. BlackFriday=.24 1869 , ,
.20.9 24.9 140 163 . . 4.000.000 . 11.000.000 .191873 .
BlackMonday=M.M28 1929. 9,25. . (29.10.1929) (BlackTuesday).M191987
508 . 271997 554 . , 1987. Black Scholes model = (European
calloption).1973 options (futures). ,, , .
BlackSeaTradeandDevelopmentBank(BSTDB)= .O1998 OO. O , O 16,5% . ,
O 13,5%. , , , , , 2% 1 SDRs. BSTDB : ) ,) ,) (). . , : 1) . , 2)
.O , 3) . . , ,, . O . 11 11. .77 1999O.BSTDB 12EBRD40 23. 10.
15.4.2000 AVIN INT. O. 2002,4 (IBA). BSTDB. 3 .13.10.2003ALUMILS.A,
,, , ..., , . 20 . . 6.16.10.2003 KMB-BANK. 2001 9..27.11.2003 .5.
DeltaLeasing . 2.12.2003 21. OPETPetrolculukA.S . 2005,,BSTDB
:)5.000.000 CB Unionbank ) 5.000.000 PostcreditBank)
20.000.00JSCCONCERNKALINA )oIzmirlian
FoundationJointFinanceFacility(JFF),425.000OVAL Ltd,
,500.000VallettaLtd, )18.000.000 Esenboga.
(SPV)TAVEsenbogaYatirimYapimveIsletmeAS) 5.000.000
)15.000.000ShelmanSA, , . 2006, , BSTDB : ) ,12.1.2006
(SyndicatedLoanFacility)50.000.000 3)30.1.20066.000.000
ProCreditBankGeorgia ) 1.3.2006 UnitedGeorgianBank3.000.000
)3.5.2006 AgriculturalCooperativeBankofofArmenia
3.000.000)11.5.2006 12.500.000 3ProcreditUkraine)23.5.2006
23.000.000 7 RUSAL ARMENAL )12.6.2006 2.000.000 AZERDEMIRYOLBANK .
Black Thursday = 24 1929. , (whatgoesup,mustcomedown).T 12,9.4 ..,
, .12.30 . J.P. Morgan and Company .,, XbrokerJ.P.
MorganandCompanyo U.S. Steel. 195.O10.000205. 13.30. .
BlackTuesday=291929. 16,4 . . 12%. . (theGreatDepression) . 100 .
(theGreatStockMarketCrash).To 1932 DowJones41,22381,17,89,2%. 22.
112001 ,UnitedAirlines . . , . BlackWednesday=161992. (ERMI) ,
1.000.000.000 . 10% 15% 3.300.000.000. 800.000.000., , ERM I .
Blocktrading= . 10.000 . Blue-chips and Athens Stock Exchange
categories = Blue-chips (top-classcreditratings),, , . .
.(blue-chipstocks) .,blue-chips, .28.11.2005 ,, ., blue-chip
stocks. 80 100 . 11.30 .16.3016.45 .,16.4517.00 .223 14.00, 16.30.
16.45 17.00 . 18, . " ", . 14.00, 15.30 16.30. Bluetooth= ,,
.Bluetooth ,,FAX/ . chip 2.45 GHz. 1 2 . , 10.,, . (carbluetooth
headset) . . Bond=. . . : Accrualbond= .
Accumulationdiscountedbonds=. ,, , . Authority bond = . . Bearer
bond = . . Blanketbond=. (brokers) .Bradybonds= NicholasBrady. 10
30 . . (warrants) . . Brady 1980 . (collateral)
.Bulletbond=(noncallablebondorputtablebond), . .Bunds = . Callable
bond = . O . Commodity-backedbond=. (hedge)
.CompoundinterestbondorC-bond= () .Convertiblebond= . Corporate
bond = . Coupon bond = (). . . , discount notes zero coupon notes .
Cushionbond= . De-leveragedbond=. . Double currency bond = .
Double-datedbond=. . Fidelitybond=. . , . Gilts = . Guaranteed
income bond = . / .Housingbond=. .,, . Income bond = . . Indexed
bond = . ( Inflation Linked Bonds). Insurancebond= .
Irredeemables,perpetualsorconsols= . Junkbond=(S&P)(Moodys) . .
Longbond=,30 (benchmark index). Mortgage bond = . . , . Mortgage
Backed Securities, MBS. Municipal bond = . Pickup bond = (callable
bond) . (redemption premium). Premium bond = . Privilegebond=.
(warrants). Puttable bond = . Reorganization bonds = . Samurai bond
= . . Savingsbond=. 5010.000. . Securitisedbonds= (asset-backed
securities (ABS), mortgage backed securities (MBS) . Seriesbond= .
: SeriesEEbonds=50% . , 6. ., . . 5010.000. .EE30 ., ( ) .
SeriesHHbonds=. 500 10.000 . 6 20. 10 . 10 . Series I bonds = : )
). 6. 6.30 3 5 . Short bond = . Sour bond = . Sovereign or
government bonds = . Step Up bond = . , .
Straightorplainvanillaorfixedrateorbulletbond= . . . Tax deferred
bonds = . Variablerateorfloatingratebonds=. (index-linkedbonds).
(inflation indexed bonds) TIPS ( ). Zero-couponbonds=. , . . O .
(corporatebonds). : ) fixed-charged debentures = .,
)floating-chargedebentures=' )debentures=. (domestic bonds)
(foreign bonds). . . : 1) (fixed-rate bonds) 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 20 .
23.2.98 2 2)(savingscertificates) 44.000. :
3)(floating-ratebonds)3,57. (spread) . O 1997 4) (zero-coupon
bonds), 1997 5)(privatisationbonds). O 1998 3 5 . O 1.1.99 6)
(Consumer Price Index - linked bonds). 4% . 19.5.97
7)(foreigncurrency-linkedbonds). 1987. 19951997 .. . 1.1.2001
8)(structuralbonds).2005. . (liquidity risk) (market risk).
Bondyield=. . , internal rate of return, . Book entry system = (..
) .Bookvalue=. . . .Hbookvalue, .Hbookvalue()market value ( ) .
Bottom up = . Bourse'sBlue-ChipIndexes= . Topix
Core30index,FTSE-100,XetraDax-30, CAC-40 , Milan Mib-30 , Amsterdam
Exchanges-25, o Austrian TradedAtx-20,BEL-20,Hex-20,Ibex-35
,Omx-31,SMIO-21,OBXStock-25 HongSengStock-23.
blue-chipindex"Dow-Jones30" ().FTSE/ASE-20(Financial
TimesStockExchange/AthensStockExchange).20 .1997
FTSEInternational.6 . 15%100%.FTSE/ASE-20
oFTSE/XAA40,oFTSE/XAASMALLCAP80,O FTSE/Med 100 (general index) 60 ,
. Break-EvenPoint, BEP = option BEP . Breakout = ( ) ( ). . Bretton
Woods agreement = . 1944, ,, : (IMF) , (World Bank). . , 35 / .O
1%., .1969-1970. .O 1971 SmithsonianAgreement. 2,25% 4,5% 9%.
Broadband = . (bandwidth) . . Broadband networks = . ,, . , , . , .
55.000.000 .,2006 215%2005150.000564.000. (ADSL) 2007 37.650. ( 100
) 1.1.2007 4,39% 16,5% .. Broadcast = 1) . (Email
messages).multicasting .2), .Broker = . .O (brokeragefee). broker :
execution service only = . broker . , (the best price). , advisory
service = . O broker discretionarybroking=.broker .broker . .
Brokerage= (brokers). Broker dealer = - . (broker) ,brokerdealer .
. Browser=,Internet. HTMLInternet. (interface) .browsersoMicrosoft
InternetExplorerNetscapeNavigator . Mosaic FireFox Lynx.
Buba=Deutsche Bundesbank. Bubble= . Budget of the European Union =
o E . T 1970 3,6 . ECU (19 ECU ) 2000 93 . (250).O:1)41 . (44%) 2)
33 . (35%). To 2005,25, 109,5 . . 2000-2006 1 AE 75% 2 3. T T
8%3)6,5%.E, , , 4) 5,1%. E5) , , 32.000 4,7 . 5%. O
:)(traditionalownresources)=,14%.E
)theharmonisedVAT(ValueAddedTax)= (A)35%2000 1% 0,75% 2002 0,50%
2004 ) the application of a rate to the sum of all the Member
States' GNPs, GNP resource = 200050%)otherrevenue=.E.E, .
2000-2006(ownresources) 1,27% AE E.E. H:1) EE2)E 3) E K . . E E K .
H E E . , .OEE K . 2005.,,,25. 2006,: (Competitiveness and
Cohesion) = 39% (Natural resources): (Agriculture) = 36% (Rural
development and Environment) = 11% , (Freedom, Security and
Justice) = 1% (The EU as a global partner) = 7% (Otherexpenditure
including administrative expenditure) = 6%.
Buffer=H/Y , .. H/Y .,buffer/ (hardware) (software) . . . .Bug =
/. (software error) (hardwareerror). . / (crash) .. 1945
/MarkIIAikenRelay Calculator . Buildingsociety= . Building
Societies Act 1986 , ,., building societies . Bullion = ( 99,5%) .
Bull market = (bull market) . . . Buoyant market = . .
Businesscycle=. .4,510. .O.. () 20 30, 1990-19921998-2003
1991-2000., (.. ) . - , .Business risk = . , . Butterflyspread=
(options)options(expirationdate) .)calloption ( ) ) put option( ) )
call put option .(underlying instrument) . Buy-back = . : ) )
(creditrating)) ) , ) . short long.Buy-in= .
Buy-inmanagementbuy-out,BIMBO= . , . , -, (management). (venture
capital). Buyout= .Buy/Sell Back - Sell/Buy Back (BSB SBB) = () ().
Dollar Rolls. repos. , , spot (substitutionofcollateral).,
(variation margins). , . Buy/Sell - Sell/Buy repos reverse repos :
) )(spotforward) ) ) . )(MasterRepurchaseAgreements) ) . Byte = .
byte 8 bits. T byte : 1 kilobyte (KB) = 1.024 bytes 1 megabyte (MB)
=1.024 kilobytes 1.048.576 bytes 1 gigabyte (GB) = 1.024 megabytes
1.073.741.824 bytes 1 terabyte (TB) = 1.024 gigabytes
1.099.511.627.776 bytes 1 petabyte (PB) = 1.024 terabytes
1.125.899.906.842.624 bytes 1 exabyte (EB) = 1.024 petabytes
1.152.921.504.606.846.976 bytes 1 zettabyte (ZB) = 1.024 exabytes
1.180.591.620.717.411.303.424 bytes 1 yottabyte (YB) = 1.024
zettabytes 1.208.925.819.614.629.174.706.176 bytes. C Cablemodem= .
CAC 40 index = 40 (Compagnienationaledes AgentsdeChange.(real-time)
. CAC. SBF120 SBF 250. Cache =./ ./ (CPU,CentralProcessingUnit) CPU
. . . CPU 128 KB . 512., ,, . Internet Explorer , cache .
Calendarspread=. (options)options ,
.Callablebond,callabledepositandcallableinterest-rateswap=, . ,, .
.LIBOR. ,, .(callable interest-rate swap) , , . Call money = . .
.Callpremium= . CAM,Computer-AidedManufacture=/. . Candlestick
chart = . 1.600 .., . . (Japanesecandlesticks), .(open)(close)
(realbody). (black body) . (white body) . Y (shadows). (high)
(low).Tohigh low . , . . . ., , . , , . Cap=. .,
(FRN,FloatingRateNote) (ARM, Adjustable Rate Mortgage)., Libor + 1%
5%8%, 5%. Capital Asset Pricing Model, CAPM = .,1964 1965. . CAPM
risk premium ( ) . CAPM : ra = rf + ba(rmrf)rf(Riskfreerate),ba
(Beta, ) rm . Capital gain and capital loss = . Capital gain ., .
10 14 4 . . 99102 . .,. 20.000300.000 280.000.Capitalloss . (, ).
Capitalmarket=. ,,, . -, :, . . . ,, ,,, ,, ,,(brokers) . Carry = .
Carry trade = . .,100.000 3,75%. 5,25%.carrytrade:) . ) .carry
trade 2006 ( 0,25%) (1,25% 2,25%) :(5,25%), (5%),(6,25%),(4,25%)
(7,25%), (3,50%) (3%). Cartel = . cartel . cartel
(OPEC,OrganizationofPetroleum Exporting Countries, ).
Cashandcarry=. long,short (underlyinginstrument)futurelong.,
(future). future . Cash and economic approach = .
Cashorvaluedateorsettlementapproach ,.spot .
Economicortradedateapproach , . 1.1.2007, . Cash Card = . .
(ATMs,AutomaticTellerMachines) (,,, ,). , , ., ().
Cashequivalents=. ., , 180 . Cashflow=. . , .,, . , ., .
Cash-inmachines,CIM=. . . Depositing/cash-in machines. Cash
management = . , . . Cashmarket=.:) ) (futures))spot
.Cash-recyclingmachines,CRM=. ., , , ., CRM .
CD-ROMandDVD-ROM=1)CD-ROM(CompactDiskReadOnlyMemory) ().
650,4502)DVD-ROM
(DigitalVideoDisk-ReadOnlyMemoryDigitalVersatileDisk-
ReadOnlyMemory) 17 , 38 CD-ROM. CEDEFOP=(Centre
EuropenpourleDvelopmentdelaFormationProfessionnelleEuropean Centre
for the Development ofVocational Training). 19751995. . ., ,. .,
(UNICE), (ETYC)( ).CEDEFOP: 1) 2) 3) 4)CEDEFOP,, 5) CEDEFOP
(www.trainingvillage) (European Training
Village).CEFTA(CentralEuropeanFreeTradeAgreement)= . 21.12.1992
2004.,, .1996 , 1997 1999 . 20042007 . , CEFTA 2002,FYROM2006
2007,,, ,oUNMIK (UnitedNationsMissioninKosovo).2005, ,
(associationagreement) CEFTA.CEFTA , ,, ,,,, , . Ceiling = . :
interestrateceiling= (adjustable rate mortgage, ARM) exchange rate
ceiling = loan legal maximum interest rate = . Cellulartelephone=.
. (celltransmitter) .CentralBankCounterfeitDeterrenceGroup,CBCDG= .
2000 10 (G10) .27 . ,, () . CBCDG .(Counterfeit DeterrenceSystem) .
CentralBankGoldAgreement =.X 1999 2004: , Washington Agreement on
Gold,WAG, 26199926.9.2004. 1) :2)Oesterreichische
Nationalbank3)Banca d'Italia4) Banquede
France5)BancodoPortugal6)SchweizerischeNationalbank7)BanqueNationalede
Belgique8)BanquecentraleduLuxembourg9)DeutscheBundesbank10)Bancode
Espaa 11) Bank of England 12) Suomen Pankki 13) De Nederlandsche
Bank 14) Central BankofIreland(12003CentralBankandFinancial
ServicesAuthorityofIreland)15)SverigesRiksbank., WAG . 85% (veto).
: ,, . 400 2.000 , (goldleasings) (gold futures) (gold options) , .
Y20042009:,82004,14 27 2004., . 22.2.2006 8.3.2004. 1999 : 400 500
2.000 2.500 . 1999.27.9.2004, 31.3.2006 (27.9.2004 26.9.2005 57 .
Central bank independence = . (.) 1998 . :
institutionalindependence(): . ()() (,, , , , ), personal
independence ( ): , (. ). (serious misconduct), functional
independence ( ): O , financialindependence(): .
CentralCreditRegister(CCR)=. , . CentralSecurities Depository(CSD)=
. , ., (collateral) . CertificateofDeposit(CD)=. . ., . ,., ,,112.
. : Brokerage or brokered CD = .(broker), , ., 1% JumboCD=100.000
.,,, . NegotiableCD=.CD ,, . . LockupCD= ., . TermCD=. . variable -
rate CD = . CD . YankeeCD= . CDs .Ceterisparibus=. . .
,,ceterisparibus, , . , , . Changeover weekend = . O.O ,311998 , 3
1999. , . 31.12.98. . O, . 3.1.99 6... 4.1.99. 30.12.2000 1.1.2001.
H T () 2.1.2001 2 I2001 . . T . M T, . EEPMHEPMH EPMH,2 I2001.M
EPMH T,E, . O T, . T T EKT. M, T M 2.1.2001HAT(HAT), . ChargeCard=.
., /. . Chartist=(charts) ,, . Cheapesttodeliverbond(CTD)=.
(future) ., , . Checktruncation=. . (,, ) ., . Cheque=. .
(issuerordrawer), (payeeorbearer) (payerordrawee)., , , , ,, . . .
, . : accountcheque=. . . bank cheque = . blankcheque=. . .
certifiedcheque=. cheque without cover = .
N.S.FCheque(NotSufficientFunds). , commoncheque= crossedcheque= .
1) 2) , personalizedcheque=. / postalcheque=. postdatedcheque=. , .
.285960/1933 , .,, , . 1957/1991: . ,, ()1.4.2006 1.10.2006. ,. ,
.privatecheque=.() publicTreasurycheque=. , , staledatedcheque=,. .
, thirdguarantorcheque=. travellers cheque = . . ,, . Cheque
Guarantee Cards = . . (eurocheque). . Chicago Mercantile Exchange
Inc., CME = . . , . , CME) (futures)) (optionsonfutures). , OTC 250
industrial stock price index S & P 100 and 500index,.2004,CME
3,29 . ChicagoPMI(PurchasingManagersIndex)= 10.00.
ChicagoPurchasingManagersAssociation200 . 50. 50 50 . , , , , , .
Chief Executive Officer, CEO = . . ChiefFinancialOfficer,CFO= .
ChiefOperatingOfficer,COO=. .. . Chinesewall=. , . , .
(traders,dealers) (investmentbankers) (insideinformation). ,
(CorporateFinance)(Fund Management).. , . Chip=. . . Chip card =
(integrated circuit card, IC card)(smartcard). , ().
ClassicandElectronCard=. ,, (shopping protection), . Clean credit =
. . Cleanprice=. . ClearingHouseAutomatedPaymentsSystem,CHAPS=
(RTGS) . 1984 20 - 400 .) (CHAPS Sterling) ) (CHAPS Euro) TARGET.
(APACS, Association for Payment Clearing Services). Clearstream=
.1990 CEDEL.1999Clearstream DeutscheBrseClearingAGDeutscheBrse
Group.Clearstream2.500 : ) ( ) (, ) ) ,) ) (collateral management).
Client = . / / /.(PCworkstation) (server). .OH/host(hostPC,host
server, host Internet). Client/Serverarchitecture=. (,server)
H/Y(clients).O, .O . Closeaposition=. long position short position.
CLS = Continuous Linked Settlement. Clustering=/. H/Y(server) /
servers , .cluster (sub-servers).
(databasesub-server)(applicationsub-server).sub-server, sub-server
. servers . Co-brandedcard=) ). . . :) ) . Collar=1)
(Floating-RateNote,FRN) (Adjustable-RateMortgage,ARM). , 2) cap
floor3) call option long put option longstock.(options) . 4)
(Collateralised Mortgage Obligation, CMO) collar ,yield , .
Collateral=.,(cashcollateral), (bondcollateral),,.
.(callaterisation) . . ,collateral . (financialcollateral) , .
Collateral systems = (). : )poolingsystem:, )earmarkingsystem: . .
CollateralisedDebtObligation(CDO)=. (collateralised) , .
CollateralisedLoanObligation(CLO)=. (collateralised) . collateral
(Special Purpose Vehicle, SPV, ) . (tranches). . CLOs .
CollateralisedMortgageObligation(CMO)= (mortgage-backedsecurity).
(MBS) pass through securities().CMO1530. /(prepaymentrisk) . MBS..
, ., .Collateralthreshold=. . . , (Interest Rate Swap, IRS)
(Curreny Swap, CS) (collateral) 20.000
(creditrating)10.000creditrating + . Comfortletter= . Comitology=,
, .Commercial Paper (CP) = . o , 270 . , . (creditrating)CPs. .CPs,
, . . 1986. 50.,CPs ., .,, . . Commingling=,, (broker) . brokers .
Commission= . CommitteeofEuropeanBankingSupervisors,CEBS= . , :).
). o / (financialstability) ) . . ( , ) .CEBS:1) 2) .3) .CEBS ,
(stresstesting) (standards on outsourcing). Committeeoftheregions=.
, ( ).T.O :,,, . .6, : 1) (COTER)2) (ECOS)3)(DEVE)4)
(EDUC)5)(CONST) 6) (RELEX). 25 . 344 (27) : 24 :, , 21 :, 15 : 12 :
B, , , , , , , , 9 :, , , 7 :E, 6 : 5 : , ,) 350), , , .
CommitteeonPaymentandSettlementSystems,CPSS= .(BIS) . G10 , , .
Commodities=.,, (futures). , , , ,,,. .commodities (,),(,, , , , )
, , . (commodityfuture) , . .
ChicagoBoardofTrade1848ChicagoButterandEgg
Board(1898)ChicagoMercantileExchange . :
:Coffee,Sugar&CocoaExchangeInc.(CSCE),NewYorkKansasCityBoardof
Trade (KCBT) Mid America Commodity Exchange (MIDAM), Chicago
Minneapolis Grain Exchange (MGE) New York Cotton Exchange
(NYCE).:WinnipegCommodityExchange(WCE),Winnipeg,Manitoba(onlyagricultural
futures and options. Contracts traded on WCE include futures
contracts for canola, flaxseed, domestic feed wheat, and domestic
feed barley. Options on canola, flaxseed, feed wheat and feed
barley are also traded). : Brazilian Futures Exchange (BBB) :
International Petroleum Exchange (IPE) Futures and Options Exchange
(London FOX) London Metal Exchange. : March Terme Internationale de
France (MATIF), Paris : Russian Commodity and Raw Materials
Exchange, Moscow : Budapest Commodity Exchange : Commodity Exchange
of Ljubljana : Tokyo Commodity Exchange (TOKOM) Tokyo Grain
Exchange (TGE) : Sydney Futures Exchange (SFE) : Hong Kong Futures
Exchange (HKFE) : Manila International Futures Exchange (MIFE),
Macati : Singapore International Monetary Exchange (SIMEX) : South
African Futures Exchange, SAFEX (agricultural futures including).
Commoditycurrencies= . ,, . CommonAgriculturalPolicy,CAP=,. 38. , ,
. FEOGA) ) , .1992 GATT O(WTO).1993/94 . .O . FEOGA ..58,4%49,3%.
2000 1999 ...26.6.2003 :1) 1-1-2005 (decoupling) 1-1-2007. ,-,.
5.000 3% 2005,5%20067%2007.2) 2014-20152008. .,.3) 50%100%. . 4)
25%.5)10% ..6) 132,4 39,4 ..1% ,1%. 7) . , , , , 4.8)92% 5.000, 52%
. ,. (modulation) ,25.000.000 . 1,,60% 50% . 9) 1, , 55%60%.10)
-60%85% -.11) , , . 1.500 . 12) , 2002. . , 647.000.000,
528.000.000 352.000.000 . 2007-2013. 40% 2% . ..,. 15/16.12.2005
2008-2009. 2013. (13-18/12/2005) 1913. 1913 .
CommunityPlantVarietyOffice(CPVO)=(). 1994 27 1995. . ( ).T :
.2530. (Courtof First Instance) (Court of Justice).
CommunitySupportFramework,CSF=(). . () .. . O .
,(IntegratedMediterraneanProgrammes,IMP) :11989-1993:117,2ECU. , ,
14,3 ECU. 2 . .21994-1999:2213,9ECU. , ,22,5ECU.14,333 ,400.000 3 .
32000-2006: 3 22,7 ( ) 17 . 13,4.2008, , 9, 3 (22,5 13,4) .
2,27.50% 4 3 4 . . ,2006 3 58%. () 57,7%, 58,5%. , ( ) 90% .88,6%
93,3% . 42007-2013: 4 20,101 . Compliance risk = . ,, .
ComputerBasedTraining,CBT=. DVD. . Internet. .CBT /
.,distancelearning, . Concentration risk = . .
(financialconglomerates). (BIS) :1)2)3) 4) 5)6)
(back-officeservices)7) .(,,, ) .,11 2001, . Concentrator=., .
/,(servers)(peripherals). .,concentrator (path) path.,, .
Condorspread= (options).put( )calloptions( ) . , . .Conglomerate=.
. (financialconglomerates) ( ,,, , ).
(internationalfinancialconglomerates) . Consignee=. . Consolbond=,
1749., .1002,5 . . (yield to maturity).
ConsumerConfidence,Eurozone= . . , 20.000 1) 2) 3) 124)12 5) . .
Consumer Confidence Index, USA = Conference Board Inc., . 5.000 .
:1)2) 3) 4) 5). .10.00.. . Contagious effect = Domino effect or
contagious effect. Contango = (futures) . Contingentdebt=(). .
Contingentliabilities= . . Continuityofcontracts=.. . .. .
ContinuousLinkedSettlement,CLS=. 1974BankhausHerstatt
(settlementrisk) , . 2,5 , . 2002 (CLS) 2003 117.000 1152004
107.592 3,684 . 21 2005, CLS .344.016 4.203 . To 2005, CLS 64% ,
2006, 81% 200783%.CLS90% .:CLS:) (cross
borderforeignexchangetransactions) , CLS ) (same day)) , ) . : CLS
: , ,,,, .8.9.2003,, .6.12.2004 ,, . : CLS Group : 1) CLS Group
Holdings AG .
CLSUKIntermediateHoldingsLtd,CLSBankInternationalCLSServices Ltd.
2)CLSBankInternational. .Federal Reserve Bank of New York3) CLS
Services Ltd . (back office,helpdesk)CLSBank
.4)CLSUKIntermediateHoldingsLtd. CLSBank , , 5) CLS Bank ( ), .
FederalReserve .Federal Reserve . 50% 44% . CLSBankCLS Bank. , CLS
Bank : )(SettlementMembers):CLS Bank.CLSBank CLS Bank.
)(UserMembers): CLS Bank CLS Bank. CLSBank. CLS
Bank.)(ThirdParties):CLSBank CLSBank. :)) (custodians) )
.)(NostroAgents): CLS Bank. , CLSBank,, CLS Bank.
)(centralbanksandapproved payment systems): CLS Bank ., .,CLSBank
(RTGS systems).)(liquidityproviders): , . )(Vendors):CLS CLSBank
.2004,CLS SoftwareServiceSolutionProvidersSystems Integrators and
Consultancy Services. CLSBank,, (paymentversuspayment) ., CLS Bank.
, . ,. (RTGS) .SWIFTCLSBank 1.CLS Bank . 08.0013.00., (loss sharing
agreement). Conundrum=,,., ., conundrum . (FederalReserveSystem)
.Convergence criteria = . : 1. (inflation). , , ,. , ., . 2. . :2)
(public deficit) 3% , , 2) (public debt) 60% / .,, ,, . ,, .
(,one-off measures) (,self-reversingmeasures). .. . ,,
.3.(interests convergence). , (), . . 4.2(ExchangeRate Mechanism II
(ERM II): , , . , .5. : , . , . , , . (sustainableconvergence).
.Convertiblebonds=, . Convexity=duration( ) . : (positiveconvexity)
(negative convexity) (zeroconvexity) . duration, .convexity .
Cookies = , data text files, . ( Artifial intelligence). shortcuts.
, . , cookies, 2000 . Copenhagen criteria = . (21221993).
:)(politicalcriterion): , , )(economiccriterion): ) (acquis
communautaire): , ..CORBA(CommonObjectRequestBrokerArchitecture)=
(objects) .IDL(InterfaceDefinition
Language)ORB(ObjectRequestBroker) . CORBA) ) (servers),(clients),
(libraries))APIs(ApplicationProgramInterfaces), (object/service
information models). CORBA (servers) (clients), . /CORBA,,.
servers., (restart) .
Coreprinciplesforsystematicallyimportantpaymentsystems=
(Systematicallyimportant payment systems). : 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) , 6) 7)
8) 9) 10) , . Corporatebankingandcorporatefinance=(corporate
banking) ,,,, ,, .(corporatefinance) , , , ,(underwriting), .
Corporation= . , Inc. (Incorporation), Ltd (Limited) S.A (Society
Anonymous). Corporatebond=., ,, . , . . , . Corporate culture = . .
. , , , , , . , ) ) (team work) ) ) ) ) (bonusesandfringebenefits).
, . , , , . ((mission), (goals) (organisation). Corporate
governance = . ) , )) ) . . Correlationcoefficient=. . . -1+1. . .
, . Correspondingbanking= .O ,nostroloro, . O . Corresponding
Central Banking Model (CCBM) = . . (collateral). . . CCBM2.:
1)(Single Eurosystem Interface) 2) (common Router) 3) TARGET2
(Collateral Management) 4) (Securities module: instructions
management and custody) 5) (Creditclaims,optional). . 2010 2012.
Costofcarry=. . , long ( margin accounts) short , . . : Cost of
carry = + . (negativecostofcarry)., (positive cost of carry). Cost
of funds index, COFI = . , . , .(benchmark index). Council of
Europe = . . 1949 Palais de lEurope .
(theEuropeanConventiononHumanRights). , ,, , .
(theEuropeanCourtofHumanRights) .46, .CounciloftheEuropeanUnion=.
.. (EuropeanCouncil). "". , ., : (General Affairs and External
Relations, Affaires gnrales et relations extrieures).
(EconomicandFinancialAffairs-ECOFIN, Affaires conomiques et
financiers). (JusticeandHomeAffairs,Justiceetaffaires intrieures).
,,(Employment,SocialPolicy, Health and Consumers Affairs, Emploi,
Politique sociale, Sant et Consommmateurs). -,
(InternalMarket,IndustryandResearchincludingtourism,Comptitivit,March
intrieur, Industrie et Recherche, y inclus tourisme).
,(Transport,TelecommunicationsandEnergy,Transports,
Tlcommunications et Energie). (griculture and Fisheries,
Agriculture et Pche). (Environment,Environnement). ,,
(Education,Youth and Culture, ducation, Jeunesse et Culture). , , .
: (TheGeneralAffairsand Legislature Council). , ., -. (Foreign
Affairs Council). .:1) ., 2)3) 4) 5) () 6) .Counterparty=. , , , ,
, . Counterpartyrisk=. (..,, ) . Countryrisk=.O . ,/ , . .
Coupon=,.H . . ., . Couponbond=. (zero - coupon bond) .
CourtofJusticeoftheEuropeanCommunities= (). : The Court of Justice
= . 1952 8 . ,,, 1353. .:) Actions for failure to fulfil
obligations = . . ) Actions for annulment = , .. .
)Actionsforfailuretoact= ,. ,,.. . . .
)Referencesforpreliminaryrulings=.E . )Appeals=.
(CourtofFirstInstance). , . , . The Court of First Instance = .
I1988 (Court of Justice) . . . (CourtofJustice) , . : 1) Actions
for annulment = , .. 2) Actions for failure to act = ..
3)Actionsforreparationofdamage= .. 4) Actions based on a
arbitration clause = . . 5)Actionsconcerningthecivilservice=. .
(CourtofJustice) .TheEuropeanUnionCivilServiceTribunal= . 2004.
.(CourtofFirst Instance) , (Court of Justice). ,, :) the Court of
Justice = 8 . ) the General Court = ., , . ) the specialised courts
= . . Covenant=,. (positivecovenants), , (negative covenants) . .
Coveredbonds=., , . ,, . ,, . , .,, . (EuropeanCommission) ()
covered bonds ,, 0% 20%. . , 10% coveredbonds ,
hedging.pfandbriefe,coveredbonds ,,200 . . CPU (Central Processing
Unit) = /. , . , .Crash of an IT system = /, / .Crashes . .
Crawlingpeg= , . Credit at Risk, CaR = . . .Credit bureau = . . :
Experian 13.000 19.(creditscore) ,, (CRM) . Equifax18991965.4.800
9.504. . (credit score), , . ,, 13 Trans Union 3.600 , , 250 , 24.
(creditscore) . Credit Card = . (Visa,MasterCard,AmericanExpress,
)., . ,, /. (). . , , . ,. , 1995 1.058.000, 2000 3.030.000 2004
5.641.932. Creditcardbackedsecurity= . (asset-backed security, ABS,
) 304 1987 1,5 2004. . - spreads. Excess spread, .(portfolioyield)
12. Creditderivative=. o(underlyinginstrument) . Creditlimit=.
(overdraft), . CreditLinkedNote=. . 51%100% , , .
CreditRatingAgencies,CRAs=. ,, . , .,CRA , , . , , . 130 . . - ,, .
:h Standards and Poors. 1941 Standard Statistics Poor's Publishing
Company. ,1200. S&P 500 S&P Global 1200 29 70% , S&P
Managed Futures Index, o S&P/ HKEx Indices S&P Asia 50 , ,
( Standards and Poors stock exchange indices). 15.000 1.800. , : )
)) ) )) . h Moodys Corporation. 2.300 18. : ) Moodys Investors
Service. 1.800 1.000. .,,3.000 22.000 . 30150.000 ,,75.000
,10.000100 )MoodysKMV. , ,.1.500 8070% .
hFitchRatingsSovereignsGroup. 80 95%. , . Fimalac S.A FitchRatings
( Fimalac) FitchRisk,Fitch
Training,FitchResearchFitchRatingsCommercial Paper, CreditDisk,
Fitch Insurance Information, Fitch Ratings Delivery Service,
BankscopeFitchRatingsBloombergService :) ) , ) )
(commercialpapers))CD-ROM , ) 6.000100) Fitch ) BureauvanDijk11.000
)Bloomberg (,) . O : Standards and Poors AAAAA+AAAA- A+A A-BBB+
BBBBBB- Moodys Investors Service Aaa Aa1Aa2Aa3A1 A2 A3Baa1Baa2 Baa3
FitchRatings AAA AA+ AAAA-A+A A-BBB+ BBBBBB- Creditrisk=. . (
Principal risk), ( Replacementcostrisk) , . ( Counterparty risk), (
Issuer risk), (Countryrisk)( Settlement or Herstatt risk).
Creditscoring=,300800, . / (, , .).CreditUnion= . . . .
CrestCo=(CentralSecuritiesDepository,CSD) CREST ., . (real-time)
(same day settlement) (deliveryversuspayment,DVP) . , 18 .
52.00050.000 CrestCo. 2002 Euroclear . 400 .
CRM(CustomerRelationshipManagement)=. . . callcenters, internet, ,
(onestopshopping) . ,, . . . , CRM ,, CRM . , , . CRM1996.2001
47200770 . , CRM . . , callcentre . . CRM . Crossrates=. ., (basis
currency) . , ,, (.,). . .- - - . Cross-selling = . . , , , ,,(, ,
) .. ., .CRT,CathodeRayTube=. .1897 (videoandvideo cameras),., (
LCD, Liquid Crystal Display Plasma display). Crude oil = . . .
(gasoline), (home heating oil), (diesel fuel) (Kerosene).
(naturalgas)65%.o (nergyInformationAdministration) 40% , 25%, 22%,
8% 4%. . bpd = barel per day ( ) OPEC . 161.,, (benchmarks) :
)USlightsweetcrudeoil,WTI. . 39.6 (light crude oil) 0,24
-(sweetcrudeoil). (NewYorkMercantileExchange,NYMEX) (benchmark) .
WTI (West Texas Intermediate). OWTI2 OPEC (OPEC Basket price) 1 2 .
)NorthSeeBrentblendcrudeoil. BrentCrude,BrentSweetLightCrude,
Oseberg Forties. To Brent Crude NorthSeecrudeil.E15 38,3 (light
crude oil) 0,37 -(sweetcrudeoil) ( ). . (benchmark) ,., North See
Brent blend crude oil, 0,50., North See Brent blend crude oil
OPEC(OPECBasketprice)2 (WTI). OPEC Basket price OPEC.
7:1)AlgeriasSaharanBlend2)IndonesiasMinas3)
NigeriasBonnyLight4)SaudiArabiasArabLight5)DubaisFateh6)VenezuelasTia
Juana Light 7) Mexicos Isthmus. OPEC . . Imported Refiner
Acquisition Cost, IRAC (crudeoil). ,IRAC . OPEC Basket price 2 WTI
1 2 NorthSeeBrentblendcrudeoil.OPECBasketprice .
CumulativeAbnormalReturn,CAR=. . Currencyboard = . O (, .) .
Currencydistribution=. , ,. ,50%,20%,10% ,5%,5%,3%,3% ,2%2%. -, ,
(. ). . , ( ). Currency Information System, CIS = . () , (). .
Currencypair=., . , . . Currencyrisk=. . . Currencyspecialisation=.
, dealing room ,. .() , . . Cushion bonds = . premium(callable) . .
Custodyandcustodians=(custody) . (custodians) , Clearstream
Euroclear. custodian ) ) ) , ) (securities lending programmes)
.custodians (broker- dealers). (fraud risk). , custodian . ,
subcustodians. Custodyrisk=. .. . CustomerLifetimeValue,CLV= . .
Customerorientedbanking=. :) ,) ,) , ) .Cybernetics =. . .
Cyberspace = . Newromancer., Internet.on-line, .
Cylinder=putoption( )calloption( )(differentstrikeoptions).H ,
(premium) put option call option , . D Daemon=. . UNIX. . ,
sendmail daemon . , , limit daemon ,marketinformationupdatedaemon
,marketinformationcalculationdeamon ,sourcesinklinkdeamon Reuters
activity deamon . DataBaseManagementSystem,DBMS=.
H/Y.:)(thehierarchical model). . ., .,,) (relationalmodel)., , .
.DAXIndices=DAX(DeutscherActienindex), 1984, . : DAX = 30 .
MDAX=5030 DAX . TecDAX = 30 . SDAX=30 MDAX. HDAX = DAX, MDAX
TecDAX. VDAX = DAX . LDAX=DAX Xetra. LMDAX = DAX Xetra.
LecDAX=ecDAX Xetra. LSDAX = SDAX Xetra. Daycountconventions=. .
(360, 365,366) (30,31,2829). : Actual/360 = 360 . , , 360 . .
Actual/actual= . 366 365. . (zero couponbonds) (settlement day)
(redemption date). Actual/365 fixed = 365 . 30/360 = 30 360. .
30/360=30360. 31,30. 31, 30. 30+/360 = 30 360. 31,30. 31 , 1 .
Daylightlimit=. ...NOSTRO . .. (. BIS) . Daytrading=,, .Dealing
risk = (dealer): ) ) . Debenture = (collateral) . , 10 40 .
DebitCard=.(Diners) . 45 ,, . . . (Ms). . , . , 1995 361.000, 2000
3.254.000 2004 5.339.420. 2004 88,2% 11,8% 7,35% 92,65% , , .
Debtconsolidation=. . (consolidation loan).
DebtManagementOffice(DMO)=. 1998 (PSBR) .1999
(Exchequercashmanagement). (gilts).DMO , ,( ). .
(FinancialServicesAuthority,FSA). (LSE)
(GiftsSettlementsOffice,GSO). , . Debt ratio (general government) =
(). (, ). . ( convergence criteria). Debtsecurity=. . (coupons) . .
Debug=,/(bug,). , (software) (hardware) ./(debugging) . Deed=,,. .
. Default=1). ,,, / 2) , ., 1 , .Defensivesecurities=. . , .
Deficit ratio (general government) = (). . (, ) . ( convergence
criteria). Deflation=. 0,2% 0% . , . . ,, .:) , , . 1928, ) , ,
.1999 1993 1997 2002, ) . ,. 1876189619981999. 2003 7% . Deflator=.
. , . Delinquency= , . Delisting= . DeliveryVersusPayment(DVP)=. .
Delta= (underlying instrument). (hedgeratio). (option)
(premiumofanoption), (future). 100putoptions( )+100calloptions(
).puts . put premiums . calls .,premium call (implied volatility) .
,premiumcalloption . ) atthemoneyoptions( (option) at the money ) )
Gamma ()) (implied volatility, ). Demanddeposit=. .
Dematerialisation=. . () .Demutualization= . . o , , . . Deposit =
. :+blocking or frozen deposit: . 1) (, )2)(., ) 3) ( , ) . . 3
+certificate of deposit: . . . , . Certificate of Deposit (CD)
+currentaccountdeposit:. . . . (overdraft). , (join current
account) +depositredeemableatnotice:. , . 3. ,3 . , .., ,
+derivativedeposit:. + dormant deposit account: . 12ATM, ,,, . ,,.
. +foreignexchangedeposit:, . +interbankdeposit:. ., ., (overnight
deposit) . . +joinaccountdeposit:. . , . , ,
+jointownerundivideddeposit:. , . . , , (), ,15,
+overdraftaccountdeposit:, (overdraft) . +overnightdeposit:.
+savingsdeposit:. . . . ,,, +sightdeposit=. (Demanddeposit). . . .,
(overdraft) +timedeposit=. (deposits with an agreed maturity) 1, 3,
6, 12 1, 2, 3,45. (earlywithdrawal), . , +conditionaldeposit:.,, ,
, ,, ,, ., , . Deposit Guarantee Fund = . ,, . 94/19/30.5.94/EC .
T,(HellenicDepositGuaranteeFund) 2324/1995 2823/2000). )., (), ,
,() ... . O8,8 6/104/10 . 31.12.2005 686,5 . O () 2 2076/1992
15.12.2000 ., , .,, . 2006, 4222,16 4 . 2006, : . 1. 2. AEGEAN
BALTIC BANK 3. ALPHA BANK 4. ASPIS BANK 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. CREDICOM
11. 12. EFG EUROBANK ERGASIAS 13. ()14. MARFIN BANK 15. NOVABANK16.
17. 18. PROTON 19. PROBANK20. FBB 21. . 22. ... 23. ... 24. ... 25.
. ... 26. . ... 27. ... 28. . ... 29. ... 30. ... 31. ... 32. - ...
33. ... 34. ... 35. . ... 36. . ... 37. ... 38. AMERICAN EXPRESS
BANK Ltd. 39. AMERICAN BANK OF ALBANIA-GREEK BRANCH 40. BANK OF
AMERICA N.A. 41. BANK SADERAT IRAN O . O . . . 1994. O, , 20.000 .
.O : ) ) ) ) , ) , ) , .., 5% , ,) (.), ) ) ) , ) (repos).t :) )
20% 12 )80% ).., 68, . Depositing/cash-inmachines=. .,, .
DepositoryTrustCompany,DTC= . , (FED)
(SecuritiesandExchangeCommission,SEC).
DepositoryTrustandClearingCorporation(DTCC) ,-WallStreet.
2.000.0002365 , 116 , . Deposit swap = swap ( synthetic swap). : 1)
spot 2) 3) , . . Deregulation=. (banking deregulation).
Derivatives=. . (underlying instruments) , ,,, .
:1)ForwardBasedDerivatives(FRA's,
InterestRateSwaps,ForeignExchangeForwards,EquityForwards,IndexForwards,
Commodity Forwards, Futures) 2)OptionsBasedDerivatives
(InterestRateCaps,InterestRateFloors,ForeignExchangeCalls,ForeignExchangePuts,
Commodity Calls and Puts, Equity Calls and Puts). ) ) ) . ,
2303/16-5-94.O . 2533/1997() () 27 1999 (-Futures)
:FTSE/ASE20Mid40,,,. 14.1.2000 '2000 , (options) FTSE/ASE-20 Mid 40
. 300 8004,7113.. 5.000 7.000 . , 58.694. FTSE/ASE. ..20()
FTSE/ASE-20 . . 5,87.. 2.820 . O 20%. 2.8205,8720=331.068. 2.850
2.850 - 2.820 = 30 30 5,8720=3.522. 58.694 . . . . Dialup=
(LANsWANs). PCs. dialupV.34V.90. PPP(). dialup modem modem (
Internet Service Provider, ISP). modems modems . 1990, ,dialup . ,
. V.90dialup56KbpsISDN 128 Kbps. , dial up .
DIAS,InterbankingSystemsS.A.=,. 28.6.1989 2, . , , , 90% .,, . : D
DIASATM, Switching of ATM networks interbanking system ( s)s , .
600. DIASATM , 24 . D DIASCHEQUE, ElectronicCheque clearing
interbanking system ( ) . , , . DIASCHEQUE check truncation, , ..,
,(, ,)., 300.000. , , , . D DIASPAY, Corporate and State mass
payments interbanking system ( ) , ,,,... (, , , ) (,, , )
.DIASPAY) ,,, ) ,, s 24. D DIASTRANSFER, Funds transfer
interbanking system ( ) . .DIASTRANSFER ,, , , , . D DIASDEBIT,
Corporate and State collection of mass receipts interbanking system
( ) /, . , , . ,,,,, ,...To,, : .., .., ...... DIASDEBIT : , - ,
,-adhoc- .) ,,, , ), ,, . D Management of ATM networks service ( s
) ..s . .. : , , . , DIASATM.D Management of ATM cards service ( )
.. , (cash cards) s. .. , () . PINs. ,,. , . D DIASPOS, Direct
Debit Management interbanking system ( (S) ,EFT/POS(ElectronicFunds
TransferatthePointsofSale).. . , , 180 (..) . , . . D DIAS-DRS,
Disaster Recovery System(DRS) or Backup EDP Centre ( ) . .
Digitalbanking=. .internet,, . ,, .. . .
Direct,indirectandsecond-roundeffects=, . 3050, : ) (directeffect))
, , (indirecteffects) ), . (second-roundeffects) .
Directinvestments=. . 10% . . , . ( ) ( ).
DirectPublicOffering,DPO=. , ,. (InitialPublicOffering,IPO), ,,. ,
, . DPO . Dirtyprice= . Disclosure= , . Discount basis = (, ).
Discountnote= . . Discount rate = . Disintermediation = . .
Diversification= , (, ,,). ., . DLP, Digital Light Processing =
(projectors)(video projectors).,1897TexasInstruments 20.DLP, -
(DigitalMicromirrorDevice,DMD).pixel
(800/600,1024768,128072019201080). DMD , . Documentary credit = . ,
, . ,- . , . O : 1)applicant=() 2)issuingbank= () ( 17.7-13.8.1923)
3) beneficiary = () 4)confirmingoradvisingbank= (-confirmingbank) (
- advising bank). O (documents) (bill of lading)
(fullsetofdocuments) (insurancedocuments),(invoices),
(certificateoforigin),(packinglist) . . O () , . , , , . , . O, ,
(UniformCustomsandPracticeforCommercial Documentary Credits, UCP
500) 1 1994. O : (). (issuance or opening ofdocumentarycredit) ().
(operativecreditinstrument)) (documentarycredit) ) (commercial
letter of credit, Letter of credit, L/C)
(confirmationofthedocumentarycredit) .(execution) () (acceptanceof
documents) (final settlement) (clearance) .O E Revocable
documentary credit = . , . .17.7-13.8.1923, . E Irrevocable
documentary credit = . ., . ., . : (Documentary credits confirmed
and executable by the intermediary bank) ., . ,
(Documentarycreditsnonconfirmedbutexecutablebythe intermediary
bank) ., , . (Negotiable documentary credits) . , .
(Documentarycreditsconfirmedbytheintermediarybankand negotiable) ,
. (Transferable documentary credit) . : ) ), ,) , ) ) ) ) .
(Revolving documentary credit) . : ) . ) (15, , , , ) ) . (Red
clause documentary credit) . . , . (Ancillary or Back to back
documentary credit) . ., , . Documentarypaymentorder=. . 100% . , ,
, . DocumentImageProcessing(DIP)= (scanning)/, . DomainName=.
(website)."www.mvcm.com"domainname metrovista internet. domains
Internet .COM,.NET,.MIL,.ORG,Commercial,Network,
MilitaryOrganisation.domains,InterNIC, (server)
.Dominoeffectorcontagiouseffect=. . . O 19.1.1961 . ( ) .. . . 1998
, . , .. 1998 1999. , . dot-com= . .com (Domainname). , .
(downloading). Double bottom / double top = , . ) (double bottom) ,
) (doubletop),, . 10% 20%., . . Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA)
and Dow theory = DJIA 30 (NYSE). Dow Jones and Co. 3.7.1884
11NUSE,, " ". 1885 " " .1896,"DJIA" 12, .1920,20 1928 30 . . 2007 :
13M Corporation6,3%16Honeywell International Inc. 2,6% 2 Alcoa
Incorporated 2,3%17Intel Corporation 1,9% 3Altria Group
Incorporated 3,5%18International Business Machines (IBM) 6,1%
4American Express Company 3,6%19Johnson & Johnson 4% 5American
International Group Inc 5,1%20J.P. Morgan Chase & Company 2,7%
6Boeing Company 3,6%21McDonalds Corporation1,9% 7Caterpillar
Incorporated 5,7%22Merck & Company Incorporated 3,3% 8Citigroup
Incorporated 3,3%23Microsoft Corporation 2% 9Coca-Cola Company
3,7%24Pfizer Incorporated2,5% 10E.I Du Pont De Nemours and Co
3,1%25Procter & Gamble Company3,9% 11Exxon Mobil Corporation
3,2%26SBC Communications 1,7% 12General Electric Company
2,4%27United Technologies Corporation6,5% 13General Motors
Corporation 3,2%28Verizon Communications Inc.2,6% 14ewlett-Packard
Company 1,5%29Wal-Mart Stores Incorporated 3,8% 15Home Depot
Incorporated 2,5%30Walt Disney Company 1,7% O 40,94 100 1941.
42(24.11.72)1.000.9.1.872.000 , 17.4.91 3.000, 24.2.94 4.000,
22.11.95 5.000, 15.10.96 6.000, 14.2.97 7.000, 17.7.97 8.000 7.4.98
9.000 . 29.3.1999 10.000 (10.006,78 ).(3.5.1999)11.000(11.014 )
29.12.99 11.484,66 . 14.1.2000(alltimehigh) 11.722,98.11.000
7.6.2001(11.090,74) 11.9.2001. 11.0009.1.2006(11.001,26)11.043,44
.5.5.200611.577,74,, 2001 . 19.6.2006
11.014,55.21.9.200611.533,2327.9.2006 14.1.200011.720,77 . 2006:
28.9.2006 11.724,86 (all time high) 5.10. 11.870,06 , 12.10.2006
11.959,63 , 13.10 11.960,5116.1011.997,25.18.10.2006 12.000
12.049,51 , 23.10 12.125,16 , 24.10 12.133,80 , 26.10 12.134,68
12.167,0227.10.200612.163,66 (intraday high) 12.236,10 . 9.11.2006
spot12.176,54 (12.236,1027.10.2006).15.11spot 12.218,0112.291,73.
16.11.spot12.251,71 12.325,91.T17.11spot12.305,82 12.342,56 .
20.11.2006 spot 12.342,56 12.355,23 22.11.2006 (intraday high)
12.361 . 13.12.200612.368,6114.12.2006 12.341,26 . 15.12 12.416,76
12.486,30.18.1212.445,52 12.490,70.19.12
12.491,9120.12.2006(intradayhigh 12.498,47 . 27.12.2006 12.519
.28.12.200612.510,57(intraday high - all time high) 12.529,88
.2007:3.1.200712.580,35(intraday
high-alltimehigh).20.2.200712.786,8421.2.2007 12.795,93.
5.312.188,84. 18.412.838,46 19.4(spot) 12.803,84. :20.4
(spot)12.808,6312.966,29. 23.4 (spot) 12.961,98
12.983,92.24.4(spot)12.919,40 12.989,86.25.4 (spot)12.953,9413.000
13.107,45.26.4 (spot) 13.089,89 13.132,80 . 27.4 (spot)13.105,50
13.148 . 30.4. 13.226,99 (intraday high). 2.5 . (spot) 13.136,14
(intradayhigh)13.256,333.5 (spot)13.211,88. :4.5(spot)
13.241,3813.284,53.7.5.2007 (spot)13.264,62(intradayhigh) 13.317,60
. 8.5 spot 13.312,97 . Dowtheory:o (bluechipcyclicalshares). , . ,
, . 1999 DJIA , 500 ,. .1932 250 . : ) , ) . ) ,): 4, . O DJIA 30,
. DJIA : ) Dow Jones Stoxx 50 (narrow) Dow Jones Stoxx 620 (broad)
50 620 , ) Dow Jones Euro Stoxx 50 (narrow) Dow Jones Euro Stoxx
320 (broad) 50 320 ,)DowJonesStoxxexUK470DowJonesStoxxexeuro 330 .
Downloading = , . Internet . Draft = . ( ) ()
(sightdraft)(timedraft). ,(bankdraft). ,, .Drill-down=., ., ,.
(folders) .Drill-down(database) .,drill-down . , , . Drill-down
reports . . DRIP(DividentReinvestmentProgram)=. .Driver = /.
(interface) /. . DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) = . () (leased line)
DSL ISDN ( ). Internet . : DSL(AsymmetricDigitalSubscriberLine) DSL
: ) ) ., (downloads)1.544megabits (uploads)128kilobits . 2006, DSL
, Internet triple play ( ) 500.000 45.000 2004.
SDSL(SymmetricDigitalSubscriberLine) DSL . (webservers). SDSL384
kilobits . Dual listing = . ) (bid-offer) ) 3) . , , .
Duediligence= ., , ,, (collateral), . Dummyaccount=. . (tests) . ,
. Dump = 1) (backup) 2)backup (CD) (batchprocess)3) 4) .
Duplicativeportfolio= .(derivativeproducts). . S & P 500.
Durablegoodsorders=. (Census Bureau of theDepartmentofCommerce)26
08.30.. . . . , . Duration=.(marketrisk) . , (.).duration, .
,duration duration. Macaulay duration modified duration, , :
bMacaulay duration duration. , . duration,,, ().Duration duration .
() . Macaulay duration : PVCF (present value of cash flows)
,PVTCF(presenttotalvalueofcashflows) bodifiedduration(MD). -(.1%) ,
. . . modified duration : n YTM (yield to maturity)
bEffectiveduration., . (Embeddedoption) . embedded option .
bempiricalduration.duration . , . bkeyrateduration(KRD). 1% .,
duration . : 1% - 1% 2* ( )*1% 11spot duration.KRDs (effective
duration) . Dwarf = (mortgage backed securities, MBS) 15 Fannie May
(Federal National Mortgage Association). E EBRD = European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development.ECB capital= (). 28 5.. .1)() 100%
2) , ,5%1.5.20047% . . (capital key). 29, ) 50% .)50% . . 11,
1.6.1998 100% 3.946.895.000 5% 52.655.250. 1.6.1998 3.999.550.250
.1.1.2001 95%5.141.000102.820.000. ,, 4.097.229.2504.049.715.000
47.514.250 (, ). 1.1.2004, . 4.032.824.000 .3.981.920.000
50.904.000 . 1.5.2004. .49.3 . , . , , . , 1.1.2007 . .1 2007, . 1
2007 ) % 1.1.2007 (100%) 1.20,5211 1.182.149.240,19 2. 14,3875
828.813.864,42 3. 12,5297 721.792.464,09 4. 7,5498439.917.735,09 5.
3,8937224.302.522,60 6.2,4708142.334.199,56 7.2,0159116.128.991,78
8.1,8168104.659.532,85 9.1,713798.720.300,22 10.1,248871.708.601,11
11.0,888551.183.396,60 12.0,15759.073.027,53 13.
0,319418.399.523,77 69,5092% 4.004.183.399,81 ) % 1.1.2007 (7%) 14.
13,933756.187.041,67 15. 4,874818.657.419,83 16. 2,33139.400.866,26
17. 1,51386.104.332,92 18. 1,3380 5.597.049,87 19. 1,3141
5.299.051,33 20. 0,6765 2.727.956,95 21. 0,4178 1.684.760,40 22.
0,28131.134.330,06 23. 0,1703686.727,37 24. 0,1249503.653,84 25.
0,0622250.818,81 26. 0,8833 3.561.868,99 27. 2,5188 10.156.951,89
30,4908% 122.952.830,10 100% = 4.127.136.229 =5.760.652.402,58. 27
.7% . ECBExecutiveBoard= (). ( 4 ) . , .O . ., . .
ECBGeneralCouncil=().AEKT E.E. T E E ( ). II . ECBGoverningCouncil=
(). . . , 2/3. . . .... , , . ., . ECBlegalacts=(). () , :
}Regulations().,' . . . . . . ' . 2818/98 1.12.98 (ECB 1998/15), '
. 2819/981.12.98 (ECB1998/16),'.2157/1999 23.9.99 (ECB/1999/4).
}Decisions().' . . .. . . .22.4.99(ECB/1999/NP10).
}RecommendationsandOpinions(). .. . O . .. : 1) , : (ECB/1998/8),
(ECB/1998/9), (ECB/1998/10), (ECB/1998/11) (ECB/1999/1).O ,2) ,
1.12.98 (ECB/1998/21) -, . , , . } Guidelines ( ). . (). . .
1.12.98(ECB/1998/17) 1.7.98(ECB/1999/3). :1). : 2) : .
}InternalDecisions(). 3.11.98 2004 (2004/2/19.2.2004)
}Instructions().. .ECBPaymentMechanism,EPM= (). TARGET1.)) TARGET .
ECBworkinggroupswithmarketparticipants= . : 1) Foreign Exchange
Contact Group, FXCG = . . 2) Money Market Contact Group, MMCG =
3)OperationsManagersGroup,OMG=BackOffice. (Disaster Recovery
Systems). Echeck = (electronic check). . / . (smartcard)
(ITsecurity). . ECHELON= , ,(faxes)(mails). .3 . UKUSA SIGINT
(Signals Intelligence) Community (NationalSecurityAgency),
(GovernmentCommunicationsHeadquarters) , (Defense Signals
Directorate) , (CommunicationsSecurityEstablishment) (Government
Communications Security Bureau) . , ,,, . 1960,, ., , . .
2001,ECHELON . UKUSASIGINTCommunity . /,(dictionaries), , ,., .
EconomicandFinancialCommittee=O.. 109c1.1.1999 . O : ) , Ecofin, ,)
.Ecofin , , )Ecofin, . 12-13.12.1997 O Ecofin .21.12.1998
(98/743/EC):) .., , . ,) ,) . . 31.12.1998 (1999/8/EC).:)O, )
.2,)Ecofin ,) , , ECOFIN,), .. Ecofin, ,) - . , ) ,) .O .O Ecofin.
Economic risk = 1) 2) . Economiesofscaleandeconomiesofscope= .
O(economiesofscale) . .O . O(economiesofscope) .O ,, , . , , . . O
. (:O , , 1954). EconomicSentimentIndicator=. .. . . 2000 (=100). 5
: ) 0,4 ) 0,3 )0,2)0,05) 0,005. ECU(EuropeanCurrencyUnit)=. 12 15
.. ECU .ECU, .ECU (swapoperations)20% 15..ECU ECU(..) ,,ECU). ECU
ECU ECU. 1.1.1999 . e-finance=(electronicfinance). , . . ., . :) ,)
) )) . (categories of on line interfaces) ,
(directoriesandinformationportals), (verticalintegrators)websites,
(point-of-salesites), , / WAP.Effective exchange rates, R = .
:}(nominaleffectiveexchangerates) . }(realeffectiveexchangerates) .
, , . (ConsumerPriceIndex,CPI),(ProducerPriceIndex), (GDP deflator)
(unit labourcostsinmanufacturing,ULCM)
(unitlabourcostsinthetotaleconomy,ULCT) . } 3 :1) o EER-12 group 12
- (,,,,,,, , , , )2)EER-23group- 1211(, ,,,,,,,, ) 3) EER-42 group
- 2319 (,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ). Effective interest rate = . . ,, , .
Efficientfrontier=., 1952(PortfolioTheory), . .
(standarddeviation). , . , , , . (efficient) . efficient frontier .
. . .(, ,,(stocksplit), ). (expectedreturns) (volatilities).,,
(correlation). . (optimal portfolio) : 1) (volatility), .,, 2) , .
, . . 1 .2 . , . 12. (efficientfrontier) :
- . , . . . EFTPOS(ElectronicFundstransferatthePointofSale)= . .
/. . Electronic banking = . - (real-time), 2424365, .,,
(PCbanking),(televisionbanking),(Internet banking), (phone banking)
(GSM banking)., : ) ,, , , , , , ,onlinerealtime , ) ,, , ,, ,,,, ,
. , 13% 7% . , 500.000 . , ,2001 150.000. Electroniccommerce=.
Internet. serverinternetserverprovider. (virtualstore):) )
)onlineoffline. . ., , ., Internet .,, . 2006 , Internet(69%),
(16%). (12%). ,26%. 12 (67%), (56%) (7%).
ElectronicCommunicationsNetwork,ECN=. . broker-dealers. , ,
(spread) . ECNs , SecuritiesandExchangeCommission . ECN Instinet
(InstitutionalNetworksCorporation) brokers
broker-dealers.Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) = . . ,. ,,,. .
Electronicpaymentcounterparties=. , , chip card, (payer)(payee).K :
1) (Person, P) 2) (Government, G) 3) (Business, B)4) (Consumer, C).
: P2P (Person-To-Person) .P2G (Person-To-Government) , , , . G2P
(Government-To-Person) . . G2B (Government-To- Business) . B2C
(Business-To-Consumer) E . C2B (Consumer-To-Business) .. , . 2
(Business-To-Business) , . 2G (Business-To-Government)E .
ElectronicSecondarySecuritiesMarket= () . , , ( ) . O,
(PrimaryDealers) (Dealers). . ( ).2000 (repos) (futuresandoptions)
(counterpartyrisk). ,.E, , 1.1.2001 . 10 .. 5 .. : 27.06.2005 () (
,). (RealTimeGrossSettlement(RTGS),
(DeliveryversusPayment(DvP)-Model1, ), . () , . (settlementrisk)
(gross settlement) (liquidity risks). 2005,, 2004,(2005:2,9,
2004:3,8).59% .2005,(yield)5 7 20 32 .2006,2.500.000.000 13,79% .
10 73% 59% 2005. 12 15% 25% 2005.(yields) . 2007, 62,51 .
45,29.64,40.2006. 2,84.2,38. . 7 10 , 36,42 . , 58% . 1023. 10
20.07.2016 8 . .
lectronictradingplatforms(ETP)= ().n-line . (phone dealing). :
FX E.T platforms ( ) (marketmakers) (single-bankplatform) .
-(bid-offer).(, ,)PC(.-), (. spot, forward, swap), O.K.
(confirmation). market makers, (multi-bankplatforms). : Fxall:-
18., (broker-dealers),,hed