© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other.

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Alcohol, Tobacco, andOther Drugs

Chapter 11Chapter 11

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Health Goal #51: I Will Follow Guidelines for the Safe Use of Prescription and OTC

Drugs

• A drug is a substance other than food which changes the way the body or mind functions

• It Responsible drug use is the correct use of legal drugs to promote health and well-being

• Drug misuse is the incorrect use of a prescription and/or OTC drug

• Drug abuse is the intentional use of a drug without medical or health reasons

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Ways Drugs Enter the Body

1. Orally

2. Injection

3. Inhalation

4. Absorption

Mood, weight, age, or health status will alter effects of drugs

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OTC Drug Guidelines

• Children and adolescents should obtain permission from parents to take an OTC drug

• Ask a pharmacist or physician questions about the use of an OTC drug

• Do not take more than the recommended dose

• Never take an OTC if having a condition listed under contraindications

• Stop using the OTC drug and notify a physician if experiencing unwanted side effects

• Do not take more than one OTC drug at a time without telling a pharmacist or physician

• Do not participate in risky activities while taking an OTC drug that can cause drowsiness

Medicine obtained without a prescription

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Health Goal #52: I Will Not Drink Alcohol

• Alcohol is a drug that depresses the CNS

• The term “proof” is a measure of alcohol content in a beverage (double the percentage of alcohol)

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Age – Who’s Drinking (ever)

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Update on Healthy People 2010

• Goal no. 26-9c To increase the number of high school seniors who have never consumed alcohol from 19% to 29%. The current rate is 28%.

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Dependency

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Drinking and Smoking

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Alcohol Use by Age and Gender

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How does California Compare?

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US teens compared to European teens

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Factors Affecting BAC

1. Amount consumed

2. Rate of consumption

3. Body weight

4. Body fat %

5. Gender

6. Food eaten

7. Presence of other drugs

8. Age

9. Carbonation

Amount of alcohol in a person’s bloodstream

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Dangers of Binge-Drinking and Hazing

• Binge drinking -five drinks or more for men, four drinks for women

• BAC rises quickly to dangerous levels and is often used to promote hazing activities

• Goal No. 26-11a To increase the number of high school seniors who have not binge drank in the past 2 weeks from 32% to 11%. The rate now is 26%.

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Effects of Alcohol on the Body

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Effects of Alcohol During Pregnancy

• Miscarriage

• Stillbirth

• Low birth weight

• FAS (fetal alcohol syndrome)

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Alcohol Effects on Decision Making

• False sense of confidence

• Impaired judgment• Feelings of invincibility• Giving in to negative

peer pressure

• Intensified sexual feelings and impaired reasoning

• Impaired reaction time and coordination

• Aggressive behavior• Intensified emotions

Drinking adversely affects thinking and decision making in many ways

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Alcoholism

• Alcoholism - physical and psychological dependence on alcohol

• Denial - refusing to admit the problem• Delirium tremens - a severe form of alcohol

withdrawal syndrome in which there are hallucinations and muscle convulsions

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Health Goal #53: I Will Avoid Tobacco Use and Secondhand Smoke

• Nicotine is a stimulant• It dulls the taste buds, constricts blood vessels,

increases heart rate and blood pressure

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Tobacco ProductsContaining Nicotine

• Cigarettes

• Bidi

• Cloves

• Cigars

• Snuff

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Update on Healthy People 2010

• Goal No.27-1a To decrease the number of adults who smoke from 24% to 12%. Current percentage is 20%.

• Goal No. 27-2a To decrease tobacco use amongst 9-12 graders from 40% to 21%. The current percentage is 26%.

• Goal No. 27-4a To increase the avg. age of first tobacco use from 14.7 to 17.6. Currently the avg. age is 15.0.

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Smokers are more likely to drink alcohol and use illegal drugs

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Health Consequencesof Smoking

• Cancer

• Respiratory diseases

• Cardiovascular diseases

• Accidents

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Health Consequences of Breathing Secondhand Smoke

• Sidestream • mainstream • Goal no. 27-10 To

decrease exposure to environmental smoke from 84% to 56%. The current rate is 44%.

• Goal No. 27-9 To decrease exposure to tobacco smoke at home amongst children younger than 6 from 20% to 6%. The current percentage is 8%.

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Health Consequences of Smokeless Tobacco

• Nicotine dependence• Harmful chemicals• Cancer• Gum and teeth

problems• Dulled senses

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Quitting Tobacco Use

• Nicotine patch• Nicotine gum• Nicotine inhaler

• Nicotine spray• Anti-depressants• Support group/

programs

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Health Goal #54: I Will Not Be Involved in Illegal Drug Use

• Illegal drug use is the use of a controlled drug without a prescription

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Update on Healthy People 2010

• Goal No. 26-4 To decrease the number of drug-induced deaths from 6.8/100,000 to 1.2 per 100,000. The current rate is 11.3 deaths per 100,000 people.

• Goal No. 26-9d To increase the number of high school seniors who have never used illicit drugs from 46% to 56%. The current rate is 53%.

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Update Healthy People 2010

• Goal No. 26-10a To increase the number of adolescents (12017 y.o) who have not used alcohol or illicit drugs in the past 30 days from 78% to 90%. The rate now is at 80%.

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Stimulants

• speed up the CNS• Types

– Cocaine– Amphetamines– Ephedrine– MDMA (ecstasy)– Caffeine

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Sedatives - Hypnotics

• Group of drugs that depress the activities of the central nervous system

• Sedatives calm a person’s behavior• Hypnotics produces drowsiness• Types

– GHB– Tranquilizers

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Narcotics

• slow down the central nervous system• Analgyesics are drugs that relieves pain• Types

– Morphine– Codeine– Heroin

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Hallucinogens/Psychedelics

• Group of drugs that interfere with senses and cause hallucinations

• Types– LSD– PCP– Ketamine

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Marijuana – Cannabis Plant Containing THC

• Types– Hashish– Marijuana

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Inhalants

• Chemicals that affects moods and behavior when inhaled

• Types– Household chemicals

or products

• Goal No. 26-15 To decrease the number of adolescents (12-17) who use inhalants from 4.4% to 2.2%. The current rate is 3.9%.

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Health Goal #55: I Will Avoid Risk Factors and Practice Protective Factors for Drug Misuse

and Abuse• Lacking self-respect• Being unable to express emotions

in healthful manners• Having friends who use drugs• Being unable to delay gratification• Having access to drugs• Being rejected by peers• Having a biological family member

who is drug-dependent

• Having difficult family relationships• Having role models who use drugs• Using drugs early in life• Doing poorly in school and/or

having a learning disability• Being uninvolved in school

activities and athletics• Lacking respect for authority and

laws

Risk Factors

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Drug Dependence

• Drug dependence - continued use of a drug even though it harms the body, mind, and relationships

• Physical dependence - tolerance to a drug• Tolerance is a condition in which the body becomes

accustomed to a substance• Withdrawal symptoms - unpleasant reactions that occur when

a person who is physically dependent on a drug no longer takes it

• Psychological dependence - strong desire to continue using a drug for emotional reasons

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Health Goal #58: I Will Choose a Drug-Free Lifestyle to Reduce the Risk of HIV Infection

and Unwanted Pregnancy• There are 4 reasons why teens who use drugs

increase the risk of HIV infection:– may not practice abstinence from sex– increase their risk for committing rape or being raped– drug-dependency encourages sex as a way of getting

drugs– injection drug use might share a needle