© 2004 Population Reference Bureau Female Genital Cutting, by Age Prevalence Among Younger and Older Women Percent Source: DHS STATcompiler: accessed online.

© 2004 Population Reference Bureau

Female Genital Cutting, by Age

Prevalence Among Younger and Older WomenPercent

13

71

43

98

78

99

32

71

2024

74

51

97

87

99

48

69

48

Benin2001

BurkinaFaso

1998/99

Côted'Ivoire1998/99

Egypt1995

Ethiopia2000

Guinea1999

Kenya1998

Mauritania2000/2001

Nigeria1999

Ages 20-24 Ages 45-49

Source: DHS STATcompiler: accessed online at www.measuredhs.com/statcompiler on July 21, 2004.

http://www.measuredhs.com/statcompiler





Female Genital Cutting, by Level of Education

Prevalence Among Women 15 to 49 Percent

72

100

22

80

99

61

71

16

51

100

78

98

27

9

79

69

3640

91

74 78

17

5

29

72

27

97

Benin2001

BurkinaFaso

1998/99


Egypt1995

Ethiopia2000

Guinea1999

Kenya1998

Mauritania2000/2001

Nigeria1999

No Education Primary Secondary or Higher







Female Genital Cutting, by Residence

Prevalence Among Women 15 to 49 Living in Urban, Rural AreasPercent

13

82

39

94

80

98

23

65

30

20

70

48

100

80

99

42

77

23

Benin2001

BurkinaFaso

1998/99


Egypt1995

Ethiopia2000

Guinea1999

Kenya1998

Mauritania2000/2001

Nigeria1999

Urban Rural







Age at Marriage, Sub-Saharan African Countries

Median Age at First Marriage, Women 20 to 24 at Time of SurveyYears

16

17

18 18 18

19 19

Niger 1998

Mali 2001

Ethiopia2000

Malawi2000

Uganda2000/2001

Benin 2001

Zambia2001/2002







Births in 2000, and Births Attended by Skilled Personnel 1995-2000

10 11

2632

37

67

84

39

66

35

Middle East/NorthAfrica

LatinAmerica/Caribbean

Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia/Pacific South Asia

Births in millions, 2000 Percent of births attended by skilled personnel, 1995-2000

Births and Assisted Deliveries Worldwide

Source: UNICEF End of Decade Databases—Delivery Care (www.childinfo.org/eddb/maternal/index.htm).

•The areas of the world in which deliveries are least likely to be attended by skilled personnel, South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, account for nearly half of all births worldwide (37 million and 26 million, respectively, out of a total of 132 million in 2000).

Notes on Births and Assisted Deliveries Worldwide


16

272823 20

2420

27

3038

37

42

2228

Uganda 2000/2001

Nepal 2001

Ethiopia2000

Egypt 2000

Colombia2000

Peru 2000

Bangladesh1999/2000

<24 months 24-35 months

70

5860

5449 48

43

Birth Spacing, Less Developed Countries

Births, by IntervalPercent of all births







Pregnancy and Childbirth-Related Deaths to Women, by Cause, 1997

Infections15%

Unsafe Abortion13%

Eclampsia12%

Obstructed Labor8%

Other Direct Causes

8%

Severe Bleeding25%

Indirect Causes20%

Causes of Maternal Mortality

Note: Total exceeds 100 percent due to rounding.Source: World Health Organization, Reduction of Maternal Mortality: A Joint WHO/UNFPA/UNICEF/World Bank Statement, Geneva, 1999.

• Nearly three-quarters of maternal deaths are due to direct complications of pregnancy and childbirth, such as severe bleeding, infection, unsafe abortion, hypertensive disorders (eclampsia), and obstructed labor.• Women also die of indirect causes aggravated by pregnancy, such as malaria, diabetes, hepatitis, and anemia.

Notes on Causes of Maternal Mortality


Lifetime Risks to Mothers

Risk of Dying of Maternal Causes or of Losing a Newborn*Percent chance

Lifetime Risks to Mothers

6

1 1

5

9

20

Africa Asia/Pacific Latin America

Lifetime risk that a woman will die of maternal causes Lifetime risk that a woman will lose a newborn*

* Deaths to babies between birth and 28 days.Note: Based on most recent available rates.Source: Save the Children and Population Reference Bureau, Healthy Mothers and Healthy Newborns: The Vital Link, April 2002; and UNFPA, Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA, 2003.


2000

Maternal Deaths per 100,000 Live Births

Source: WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA, Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA, 2003.


2000 EstimatesPregnancy and childbirth-related deaths per 100,000 live births

Maternal Mortality, by RegionMaternal Mortality, by Region

13

110

190220

560

940

MoreDevelopedCountries

East Asia/ Pacific

LatinAmerica/ Caribbean

MiddleEast/N.Africa

South Asia Sub-Saharan

Africa

Source: UNICEF, Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA, 2003.

Notes on Maternal Mortality, by Region

•Over 99 percent of maternal deaths occur in less developed countries, particularly in Asia and Africa.•While high-quality, accessible health care has made maternal death a rare event in more developed countries, the lack of such health care has fatal consequences for pregnant women in less developed countries.


66

39

35

67

84

92

190

220

560

940

110

64Percent of births assisted by skilled attendants, 1995-2000

Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, 2000

Skilled Care at Delivery and Maternal Deaths

Regional Comparisons, 1995-2000

Sub-Saharan Africa

South Asia

East Asiaand Pacific

Middle East andNorth Africa

Latin America/Caribbean

Central, EasternEurope/ Baltics/ CIS*

* Commonwealth of Independent States (former Soviet Union). Source: UNICEF End of Decade Databases—Delivery Care (www.childinfo.org/eddb/maternal/index.htm); and Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA, 2004.

http://www.childinfo.org/eddb/maternal/index.htm

http://www.childinfo.org/eddb/maternal/index.htm


40

64

55

32

22

5146

6964

272831

5157

Malawi 2000

Mali 2001

Mozambique2003

Nigeria 2003

Uganda2000/2001

Zambia2001/2002

Haiti 2000

Female Male

Respondents With Symptoms Who Sought Treatment, by SexPercent

Awareness of STIs

Note: The figure presents the percentage of respondents who reported symptoms suggestive of STIs in the last 12 months who sought care at a service provider with personnel trained in STI care.Source: DHS HIV/AIDS Survey Indicators Database: accessed online at www.measuredhs.com/statcompiler on July 26, 2004.





•Treatment-seeking for a sexually transmitted infection is a measure of knowledge of infections such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia—knowledge of the symptoms and knowledge that they require prompt medical treatment. Symptoms typically appear early in males, whereas STIs are less likely to produce symptoms in women and are therefore more difficult to diagnose until serious problems develop. •STIs cause long-term health complications. For example, the association between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer is well established. STIs are one of the most important preventable causes of low birth weight/prematurity, congenital infection, stillbirth, and postpartum infection.

Notes on Awareness of STIs


8

3640

31

8

3

17 17

12

3

Canada Caribbean CentralAmerica

South America United States

Incidence Deaths

Estimates for Late 1990sRates per 100,000 women

Cervical Cancer in the Americas

Note: Rates are age-standardized, meaning they permit international comparison in spite of varying age structures.Source: J. Ferlay et al., International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, GLOBOCAN 2000 Database, 2001.


16

11

19

4

10

8

World More Developed Countries Less Developed Countries

Incidence Deaths

Estimates for Late 1990sRates per 100,000 women

Cervical Cancer, by World Region

Note: Rates are age-standardized, meaning they permit international comparison in spite of varying age structures.Source: J. Ferlay et al., International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, GLOBOCAN 2000 Database, 2001.

© 2004 Population Reference Bureau Female Genital Cutting, by Age Prevalence Among Younger and Older Women Percent Source: DHS STATcompiler: accessed online.

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