2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 22 — XML Technologies and Applications Outline 22.1Introduction 22.2XML Query Language (XML Query)

2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

1

Chapter 22 — XML Technologies and Applications

Outline22.1 Introduction22.2 XML Query Language (XML Query)22.3 Directory Services Markup Language (DSML)22.4 Resource Definition Framework (RDF)22.5 XML Topic Maps (XTM)22.6 Virtual HyperGlossary (VHG)22.7 Channel Definition Format (CDF)22.8 Information and Content Exchange (ICE) Protocol22.9 Rich Site Summary (RSS)22.10 Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P)22.11 Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BXXP)22.12 XML Digital Signatures22.13 Extensible Rights Markup Language (XrML)22.14 XML Metadata Interchange (XMI)22.15 W3C’s XML Protocol22.16 XAML


2

22.1 Introduction

• XML-related technologies– XML Query Language

• Searching and retrieving data from XML documents

– Directory Services Markup Language (DSML)• Describes relational data and metadata so it can be managed by

directory services

– Resource Definition Framework (RDF)• Enables description of XML document data

– XML Topic Maps• Information mapping

– Channel Definition Format (CDF) and Rich Site Summary (RSS)• Provide dynamic content

– Information and Content Exchange (ICE) Protocol• Manages content syndication over networks


3

22.1 Introduction

• XML-related technologies, cont.– Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P)

• Describes Web site’s privacy policy

– Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BXXP)• Transfers data over the Internet

– XML Digital Signatures• W3C recommendation for XML implementation of security

– Extensible Rights Markup Language (XrML)• Licensing proprietary digital content

– XML Metadata Interchange (XMI)• Exchanging program-modeling data


4

22.2 XML Query Language (XML Query)

• Uses XSL patterns to search XML documents for specific data.

• Similar to using SQL to search in relational databases


5

22.2 XML Query Language (XML Query)

URL / Description www.w3.org/TandS/QL/QL98/pp/xql.html This page contains the original XML Query proposal.

www.xml.com/pub/1999/03/quest/index2.html This site contains a series of articles that summarize the results of the QL’98 conference, which resulted in the submission of XML Query to the W3C.

metalab.unc.edu/xql This site contains XML Query FAQs.

metalab.unc.edu/xql/xql-tutorial.html This site contains a brief XML Query tutorial.

www.cuesoft.com/docs/cuexsl_activex/xql_users_guide.htm This site contains a detailed description of XML Query syntax.

www.w3.org/TR/xmlquery-req This site contains the W3C requirements for XML Query.

www.w3.org/TR/query-datamodel This site defines the data model for XML Query.

Fig. 22.1 XML Query reference Web sites.


6

22.3 Directory Services Markup Language (DSML)

• DSML– Manage relational resources and metadata

– Use with XML • dynamically match data across networks.

– Standard vocabulary and schema

– Directories • handle distributed Web-based applications

– Platform independent


7

22.3 Directory Services Markup Language (DSML)

URL / Description www.dsml.org This is the official Web site of the DSML standard.

www.oasis-open.org/cover/dsml.html This site contains an introduction to DSML and links to relevant resources and articles.

Fig. 22.2 DSML reference Web sites.


8

22.4 Resource Definition Framework (RDF)

• RDF– XML-based language

– Describes information contained in a resource• Web page

• Web site

• Meta-data

– List or catalog information on the Web

– Evaluate Web sites for rating or digital signature

• RDF model– W3C recommendation

• RDF Schema Specification v1.0 – W3C Candidate Recommendation


Outline9

1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>2 3 4 5 6 <rdf:RDF7 xmlns:rdf = "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"8 xmlns:dc = "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">9 10 <rdf:Description about = "http://www.deitel.com"> 11 <dc:Title>Deitel and Associates, Inc.</dc:Title>12 <dc:Description>13 This is the home page of 14 Deitel and Associates, Inc.15 </dc:Description>16 <dc:Date>2000-5-24</dc:Date>17 <dc:Format>text/html</dc:Format>18 <dc:Language>en</dc:Language>19 <dc:Creator>Deitel and Associates, Inc.</dc:Creator>20 </rdf:Description>21 22 </rdf:RDF>

simple.rdf

Describes the Deitel & Associates, Inc. Web site.

Define root element rdf:RDF. rdf namespace prefix is for RDF elements. dc namespace prefix is for metadata elements (Dublin Core Metadata Initiative).

Describes resource specified in attribute aboutTitle element marks up resource name


10

22.4 Resource Definition Framework (RDF)

Fig. 22.4 Visualization tool showing simple.rdf. [Courtesy of World Wide Web Consortium]


Outline11

1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>2 3 4 5 6 <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf = "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"7 xmlns:dc = "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">8 9 <rdf:Description about = "www.deitel.com">10 <dc:Title>Home page of Deitel products</dc:Title>11 <dc:Creator>Deitel and Associates, Inc.</dc:Creator>12 13 <dc:Subject>14 15 <rdf:Bag ID = "links_1">16 <rdf:li resource = “http://www.deitel.com/books/index.htm"/>17 <rdf:li resource =18 "http://www.deitel.com/services/training/index.htm"/>19 </rdf:Bag>20 21 <rdf:Bag ID = "links_2">22 <rdf:li resource =23 "http://www.deitel.com/announcements/contractors.htm"/>24 <rdf:li resource =25 "http://www.deitel.com/announcements/internships.htm"/>26 </rdf:Bag>27 28 <rdf:Seq ID = "links_3">29 <rdf:li resource = "http://www.deitel.com/intro.htm"/> 30 <rdf:li resource = "http://www.deitel.com/directions.htm"/>31 </rdf:Seq>

links.rdfrdf:Bag element is a container element for an unordered list of resources

Each li element represents an individual resource

Seq element represents an ordered list of resources


Outline12

32 33 </dc:Subject>34 35 </rdf:Description>36 37 38 <rdf:Description aboutEach = "#links_1">39 <dc:Description>About our Products</dc:Description>40 </rdf:Description>41 42 <rdf:Description aboutEach = "#links_2">43 44 <dc:Description>45 Announcements, Opportunities 46 and Internships at Deitel and Associates, Inc.47 </dc:Description>48 49 </rdf:Description>50 51 <rdf:Description aboutEach = "#links_3">52 <dc:Description>All about us</dc:Description>53 </rdf:Description>54 55 56 <rdf:Description about = "http://www.deitel.com/books/index.htm">57 58 59 60 <rdf:Title>61 Books, Multimedia Cyber Classrooms 62 and Complete Training Courses63 </rdf:Title>64 65 </rdf:Description>

links.rdf

aboutEach attribute provides a description of each resource


Outline13

6667 <rdf:Description about =68 "http://www.deitel.com/services/training/index.htm">69 <rdf:Title>Corporate Training Courses</rdf:Title>70 </rdf:Description>71 72 <rdf:Description about =73 "http://www.deitel.com/announcements/contractors.htm">74 <rdf:Title>Looking for Training Contractors</rdf:Title>75 </rdf:Description>76 77 <rdf:Description about =78 "http://www.deitel.com/announcements/internships.htm">79 80 <rdf:Title>81 Internships at Deitel and Associates, Inc.82 </rdf:Title>83 84 </rdf:Description>85 86 <rdf:Description about = "http://www.deitel.com/intro.htm"> 87 88 <rdf:Title>89 Introduction to Deitel and Associates, Inc.90 </rdf:Title>91 92 </rdf:Description>93 94 <rdf:Description about = "http://www.deitel.com/directions.htm">95 <rdf:Title>Our location and how to get there</rdf:Title>96 </rdf:Description>97 98 </rdf:RDF>

links.rdf


14

22.3 Directory Services MarkupLanguage (DSML)

URL / Description www.w3.org/RDF This is the W3C’s RDF information site.

www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-rdf-syntax-19990222 This is the RDF specification document.

www.oasis-open.org/cover/rdf.html This site contains an introduction to RDF and links to resources and articles.

www.ilrt.bris.ac.uk/discovery/rdf/resources This site contains an extensive list of RDF resources.

www.w3.org/RDF/FAQ This site contains RDF FAQs.

www.wdvl.com/Internet/Future/rdf.html This site contains a brief article on RDF, including an example.

www.wdvl.com/Authoring/Languages/RDF.html This site contains a brief article on RDF, and includes links to other resources.

www.w3.org/DesignIssues/RDF-XML.html This site is an article on the differences between RDF and XML.

purl.oclc.org/dc Home page of the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative.

Fig. 22.6 RDF reference Web sites.


15

22.5 XML Topic Maps (XTM)

• Topic Maps– ISO Standard

– Model for navigating and linking resources

– Topic• Basic unit of topic map

• Represents a subject and references subject data

• Names

• Occurrences

– Topic information resources

– Role

– Type

• Associations

• Identity

• Scope

• Facets


Outline16

1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>2 3 4 5 6 <topicmap>7 8 9 <topic id = "light-vehicle">10 11 <topname>12 <basename>Light weight vehicles</basename>13 <dispname>Passenger vehicles</dispname>14 <sortname>Light weight vehicles</sortname>15 </topname>16 17 </topic>18 19 <topic id = "heavy-vehicle">20 21 <topname>22 <basename>Heavy weight vehicles</basename>23 <dispname>Construction vehicles</dispname>24 <sortname>Heavy weight vehicles</sortname>25 </topname>26 27 </topic>28 29 <topic id = "car" types = "light-vehicle">30 31 <topname>32 <basename>ABC's car</basename>33 <dispname>Sports car</dispname>34 <sortname>car</sortname>35 </topname>

vehicles.xml

Root element topicmap

topic element describes each topic in a topic map

id attribute identifies each topic (unique)topname element describes characteristics of parent topic element

basename element gives topic a name which applications can use (mandatory)

dispname element displays the topic name to userssortname element is a name applications

use for sorting purposes

types attribute indicates that car is a type of light vehicle


Outline17

36 37 38 <occurs occrl = "webpage" loctype = "URL">39 http://www.abcsportscar.com/new40 </occurs> 41 42 <occurs occrl = "order-online" loctype = "URL">43 http://www.abcsportscar.com/outlet44 </occurs> 45 </topic>46 47 <topic id = "earth-mover" types = "heavy-vehicle">48 49 <topname>50 <basename>ABC's heavy duty mover</basename>51 <dispname>Earth movers</dispname>52 <sortname>Earth mover</sortname> 53 </topname>54 55 56 <occurs occrl = "webpage" loctype = "URL">57 http://www.abcsportscar.com/heavy-vehicles58 </occurs> 59 60 </topic> 61 62 <topic id = "make">63 <topname>64 <basename>ABC, Inc.</basename>65 </topname>66 </topic>67 68 <topic id = "product">69 <topname>70 <basename>Product</basename>

vehicles.xml

occurs element describes topic occurrences

Attribute occurl describes occurrence roleAttribute loctype specifies location type at which topic occurs


Outline18

71 </topname>72 </topic>73 74 75 <assoc type = "make">76 <assocrl type = "product">car</assocrl>77 <assocrl type = "product">earth-mover</assocrl>78 </assoc>79 80 </topicmap>

vehicles.xml

Program OutputC:\tmproc>c:\Python\python -i tmproc.py vehicles.xmlStarting topic map processing...Parsing vehicles.xml with xmlproc 0.62Finished topic map processing...

>>> tm.get_topics()

[<tm.Topic light-vehicle>, <tm.Topic make>, <tm.Topic earth-mover>, <tm.Topic car>, <tm.Topic product>, <tm.Topic heavy-vehicle>]

>>> tm.get_types_list(tm["car"])[<tm.Topic light-vehicle>]

>>> tm.is_type(tm["earth-mover"], tm["heavy-vehicle"])1

>>> tm.get_topics_of_type(tm["heavy-vehicle"])[<tm.Topic earth-mover>]

>>> topic = tm["car“]>>> topicname = topic.get_names()[0]>>> n = topicname.get_basenames()[0]

assoc element represents topic map associationsassocrl element declares association topics


Outline19

>>> n.get_name()"ABC's car" >>> dispname = topicname.get_dispnames()[0]>>> dispname.get_name()'Sports car' >>> firstOccur = topic.get_occurrences()[0]>>> firstOccur.get_rolename()'webpage'>>> secondOccur = topic.get_occurrences()[1]>>> secondOccur.get_rolename()'order-online' >>> association = tm.get_associations()[0]>>> association.get_type()<tm.Topic make>

vehicles.xml Program Output


20


Methods

Description

get_topics Returns all the topics found in the document.

get_types_list Lists the types of a given topic.

is_type Determines if a topic is of given type or not.

get_topics_of_type Returns all the topics for a given type.

get_names Returns all the names for a topic.

get_basenames Returns the base names for a given topic.

get_dispnames Returns the display names for a given topic.

get_occurrences Returns the occurrence for a topic.

get_rolename Returns the role an occurrence.

get_associations Returns all the associations in the document.

get_type Returns the type of association or occurrence.

Fig. 22.8 Some tmproc topic-map processor commands.


21


URL / Description www.infoloom.com Infoloom is developing topic map implementations and is also a member of the XTM authoring group. This site contains XTM resources and topic-map links.

www.oasis-open.org/cover/topicMaps.html This site provides a brief introduction to topic maps and links to relevant resources and articles. www.ontopia.com Ontopia is another topic-map developer. Its site contains extensive articles and papers on topic maps and their relation to XML technologies.

www.topicmaps.com This site, run by STEP, a topic-map developer, contains an introduction to and background information on topic maps.

Fig. 22.9 XTM Web resources.


22

22.6 Virtual HyperGlossary (VHG)

• VHG– Platform-independent specification for terminology– Attaches semantic information to structures data

• Attach wordy definitions to tags

– Framework of hyper-linked glossaries, dictionaries and thesaurus

– Uses XML DOM• Create hierarchical structure for glossaries

– Search and index

– Additional software tools• Lexical markup of documents• Advanced indexing• Concept-map generation• translation


23

22.6 Virtual HyperGlossary (VHG)

URL / Description www.vhg.org.uk This is the official VHG site, providing extensive information on VHG.

www.oasis-open.org/cover/vhg.html This site provides a brief introduction to VHG and links to relevant resources and articles. Fig. 22.10 VHG Web resources.


24

22.7 Channel Definition Format (CDF)

• CDF– Microsoft XML application

– Push technology• Automatically sends content to users

– Define channels to deliver content to subscribed users

– Refer users between sites


Outline25

1 2 3 <!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">4 <html>5 6 <body>7 <a href = "simple.cdf">Get a simple channel!!</a>8 </body>9 10 </html>

simple.html

Internet Explorer and CDF

Logo icon

Links to a CDF document


Outline26

1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>2 3 4 5 6 <!DOCTYPE channel SYSTEM "cdf.dtd">7 8 <channel href = "http://www.deitel.com">9 10 <title>Deitel Products</title>11 <abstract>An example of CDF</abstract>12 13 <logo href = "http://www.deitel.com/images/logotiny.gif"14 style = "ICON"/>15 16 <item href = 17 "http://www.deitel.com/books/1999/jhtp3/jhtp3toc.htm">18 <title>Java How to Program 3rd Edition</title>19 <logo href =20 "http://www.deitel.com/images/0130125075_small.jpg"21 style = "ICON"/>22 </item>23 24 <item href = 25 "http://www.deitel.com/books/1999/iw3htp/iw3htp_toc.htm">26 <title>Internet and World Wide Web How to Program</title>27 <logo href = 28 "http://www.deitel.com/images/0130161438_small.jpg"29 style = "ICON"/>30 </item>31 32 </channel>

simple.cdfRoot element channel describes channel for Web siteabstract element provides

description for the channel

Defines a channel logo

style set to icon defines the logo as an icon for the channel

item elements provides a Web page


27

22.7 Channel Definition Format (CDF)

URL / Description www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-CDFsubmit.html This site contains the CDF document submitted to the W3C.

www.oasis-open.org/cover/gen-apps.html#CDF This site provides a brief introduction to CDF and links to relevant resources and articles. www.wdvl.com/Authoring/Languages/CDF.html This site contains a brief article on CDF, with links to other resources.

msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/delivery/channel/cdf1/cdf1.asp?RLD=363 This site contains a tutorial on creating channel content for the Web using CDF.

msdn.microsoft.com/library/periodic/period97/cutting1297.htm This is a Microsoft technology article on channel content. www.techweb.com/se/directlink.cgi?NTG19970601S0049 This article is a reflection on push technology and CDF.

Fig. 22.14 CDF reference Web sites.


28

22.8 Information and Content Exchange (ICE) Protocol

• ICE– Facilitate redistribution and reuse of Web content

– Automates data syndication, transfer and analysis

– Request/response model

– Manages subscriptions

– Data contained in packages

– Sequenced package model

– Pull model

– Querying between systems

– Submitted to W3C for recommendation


29

22.8 Information and Content Exchange (ICE) Protocol

URL / Description www.icestandard.org This is the official site of the ICE standard.

www.w3.org/TR/1998/NOTE-ice-19981026 This site contains the ICE document submitted to the W3C.

www.oasis-open.org/cover/ICE This site provides a brief introduction to ICE and provides links to resources and articles. Fig. 22.15 ICE reference Web sites.


30

22.9 Rich Site Summary (RSS)

• RSS– Netscape technology

• implements push technology

• Use to create channels which automatically distribute information


31

22.9 Rich Site Summary (RSS)

URL / Description my.netscape.com/publish/help/mnn20/quickstart.html This is a Netscape documentation/tutorial site for RSS.

webreference.com/xml/column13 This site contains a how-to article on creating RSS content for a Web site.

www.webreference.com/authoring/languages/xml/rss/intro/index.html This site contains a technical introduction to RSS. webreview.com/pub/1999/10/29/feature/index2a.html This site is an article that discusses the semantics and prospects of RSS.

webreview.com/pub/1999/10/29/feature/index2b.html This site contains an article that examines the benefits of RSS.

www.webreference.com/authoring/languages/xml/rss This site contains an extensive list of RSS resources.

my.netscape.com/publish/help/validate.tmpl Users can validate their RSS documents at this site.

www.webreference.com/perl/tools This site lists available RSS tools for Perl.

Fig. 22.16 RSS reference Web sites.


32

22.10 Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P)

• P3P– W3C recommendation

– Help Web users manage how their personal information is collected and used on the Internet

– Web site uses P3P technology• Specifies what information site requests and how site uses

info.

• Browser interprets information and compares with user-defined privacy settings


33

22.10 Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P)

URL / Description www.w3.org/TR/P3P This site provides the W3C’s P3P specification.

www.w3.org/P3P This site posts an overview of P3P and provides links to resources and previous P3P events. www.oasis-open.org/cover/p3p.html This site contains an introduction to P3P and provides links to relevant resources and articles. www.research.att.com/projects/p3p/p3p-www9.ppt This site contains a PowerPoint presentation on privacy and P3P.

www.xml.com/pub/1999/05/p3pdraft.html This site is an article that discusses the development of privacy standards on the Web.

www.w3.org/TR/P3P-for-ecommerce This site contains an article that discusses using P3P in e-commerce.

Fig. 22.17 P3P reference Web sites.


34

22.11 Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BXXP)

• BXXP– Alternative to HTTP for transferring data over the Internet

– Used to develop more specific protocols

– Sends “blocks” of XML data over TCP • Can be simultaneous

– Still under development


35

22.11 Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BXXP)

URL/Description mappa.mundi.net/Internet-Drafts/blocks-protocol.html This site contains the BXXP draft.

mappa.mundi.net/Internet-Drafts/blocks-architecture.html This document describes the architecture of BXXP.

www.nwfusion.com/news/2000/0626bxxp.html?nf This site contains an article that discusses BXXP.

mappa.mundi.net/features/mtr/bxxp.html This site contains a brief article that discusses protocol design.

Fig. 22.18 BXXP reference Web sites.


36

22.12 XML Digital Signatures

• Security concerns with XML– Changing of externally referenced DTDs and stylesheets

• alters information

• Leaves security gaps

• Deletes information

• Digital signature – Provides a way to modify documents

– W3C specification for digital signatures

– Algorithms• DSS

• SHA-1

• Outside algorithms and security models


37


• Digital signature – Apply to any type of data– Placed within XML document– Signed data

• Enveloped by signature• Envelops the signature• Detached from the signature

• IBM XML Security Suite– Signature program for B2B transactions– Technologies

• Digital signatures• Elementwise encryption• Access control• Public-key cryptography• Hash authentication


38


URL/Description www.w3.org/Signature This is W3C’s main page for its XML Signature initiative.

www.xml.com/pub/Guide/Digital_Signatures This site contains a listing of links related to digital signature technologies.

www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/xmlsecuritysuite This is the Web site for IBM’s XML Security Suite.

Fig. 22.19 XML Signature reference Web sites.


39

22.13 Extensible Rights MarkupLanguage (XrML)

• XrML– ContentGuard Inc. proprietary XML application

– Electronic content providers• Specify rights, fees and use conditions

– Display to users

– Implement by computers invisibly

• Specify subscription, rental and even transter of e-content

– Use DRM with XrML

• Digital rights management

– Ensure e-content protection (automatic enforcement by software)

– Supports several server platforms


40

22.13 Extensible Rights MarkupLanguage (XrML)

URL/Description www.xrml.org This is the official XrML page run by ContentGuard, Inc., which contains the white paper, specification and other resources.

www.oasis-open.org/cover/xrml.html OASIS provides a listing of links and articles related to XrML on this Web site.

Fig. 22.20 XrML reference Web sites.


41

22.14 XML Metadata Interchange (XMI)

• Meta Object Facility (MOF)– Contains Unified Modeling Language (UML)

– Describes all software modeling environments

• XML– Integrated XML, UML and MOF

– Developers working with different tools and development environments can collaborate to create compatible applications

– Stream-based Model Interchange Format (SMIF)• Enables streaming object data from remote databases and file

storage


42

22.14 XML Metadata Interchange (XMI)

URL/Description www.omg.org/technologies/xml This is the OMG’s XML and XMI Web site. It provides links to XMI specifications and articles. www-4.ibm.com/software/ad/standards/xmi.html This is IBM’s XMI Web site, which provides links to various XMI resources, as well as an explanation of XMI and related technologies.

Fig. 22.21 XMI Web resources.


43

22.15 W3C’s XML Protocol

• XML-based messaging– design envelope for interoperable XML encapsulation and

transfer

– convention for making remote procedure calls (RPC)

– mechanism for serializing nonsyntactic data

– method to bind HTTP to XML

– Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)• Shapes envelope and serialization technologies

– Extensibility, simplicity, modularity and interoperability

2001 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 22 — XML Technologies and Applications Outline 22.1Introduction 22.2XML Query Language (XML Query)

Documents

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