© 2001-2007 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 1 CPE/CSC 580: Knowledge Management Dr. Franz J. Kurfess Computer Science Department Cal Poly
Dec 20, 2015
© 2001-2007 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 1
CPE/CSC 580: Knowledge Management
CPE/CSC 580: Knowledge Management
Dr. Franz J. Kurfess
Computer Science Department
Cal Poly
© 2001-2007 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 2
Course OverviewCourse Overview Introduction Knowledge Processing
Knowledge Acquisition, Representation and Manipulation
Usability and Knowledge Effective Use
Knowledge Organization Classification, Categorization Ontologies, Taxonomies, Thesauri
Knowledge Retrieval Information Retrieval Knowledge Navigation
Knowledge Presentation Knowledge Visualization
Knowledge Exchange Knowledge Capture, Transfer,
and Distribution Knowledge Management
Techniques Topic Maps, Agents
Knowledge Management Tools Ontology Development Reasoning
Knowledge Management in Organizations Content Management Systems Knowledge Sharing
© 2001-2007 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 3
Overview IntroductionOverview Introduction
Motivation Why do we need to know all
this stuff? Objectives
What you should know afterwards
Evaluation Criteria How I can find out if you know
what you should know Warm-Up
Review of relevant concepts Overview new topics Terminology
Case Study: My Personal Need for KM Finding and organizing
materials for this class Tools to support this
Case Study: KM at an Organization like Cal Poly
Important Concepts and Terms all the old and new terms
Chapter Summary If you know this, you may be
able to survive the class
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LogisticsLogistics Introductions Course Materials
textbook: none handouts: some Web pages: tons CourseInfo/Blackboard System and Alternatives
Term Project Knowlets and Knowledge Management
Lab and Homework Assignments Exams Grading
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The Proliferation of Knowledge
The Proliferation of Knowledge
Wall street no physical assets make money by utilizing knowledge about investment opportunities
consultants have knowledge about some specialized tasks tell customers what to do may be gone by the time their solutions are found to be flawed
“energy brokers” companies that don’t own any physical facilities, but buy and sell
energy made enormous profits during the 2000/2001 energy crisis
© 2001-2007 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 6
BackgroundBackgroundHow much knowledge do you manage?
as a student in your job in your private life
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MotivationMotivationthe amount of information and knowledge available
increases steadily it becomes difficult to keep track of relevant knowledge
the demands for applying knowledge to a particular task also become stronger job expectations competitive pressure
the benefits from utilizing knowledge become greater higher profits better products more knowledgeable people
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ObjectivesObjectivesbe aware of the role of knowledge in professional
and private lifeunderstand the impact of knowledge (or lack of it) for
important decisionsunderstand the necessity for knowledge
management to deal with the large amount of knowledge and information
discuss the role of computer-based tools and technologies for knowledge management
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What is Knowledge Management?
What is Knowledge Management?
information technology perspective computers as support tools for dealing with large quantities
of knowledge and information
business perspective benefits for organizations
philosophical perspective epistemology: what is knowledge?
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Knowledge Management in Perspective
Knowledge Management in Perspective
Knowledge Management
Track/Level information
technology:
knowledge
objects
people:
knowledge
processes
Organization
Level
management
information
systems (MIS)
organizational
processes
Individual
Level
Artificial
Intelligence,
expert systems
individual processes
[Sveiby 2000]
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Knowledge Management Definitions
Knowledge Management Definitions
Karl-Erik Sveiby (Organization Theorist)Knowledge Management is the art of creating value from an organizations intangible assets.
John Gundy, Knowledge Ability (KM Company)Knowledge Management is the process of placing knowledge under management remit.
[Sveiby 2000]
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KM PhasesKM Phases 1992 - 1995: productivity enhancement
how can information technology used to share knowledge across organizations
Lotus Notes, Web pages, project databases, best practices, ...
1995 - 2000: customer relations how can information about customers be utilized data warehousing, data mining
2000 - 2003: interaction interactive Web pages, e-commerce
2002 - ??? interoperability (XML, Web services and related technologies) interpretation (ontologies, Semantic Web)
[Sveiby 2000]
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The fundament of KM represents a set of Behavioural/Structural Conditions
The walls of KM represent a set of Operational Conditions
The roof of KM represents the corporate knowledge by which learning, innovation, speed and productivity will be enhanced
KM Analogy: Building a House
[KPMG 1999]
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Incentives for Knowledge Sharing
Open, Open, sharing sharing cultureculture
KNOWLEDGE
KNOWLEDGE
SHARING
SHARING
Non-Non-sharing sharing cultureculture
TEAMWORK
TEAMWORK
COMMITMENTCOMMITMENT
ORGANISATION STRUCTURE & ORGANISATION STRUCTURE & PROCESSESPROCESSES
HOW?HOW?• Performance metricsPerformance metrics• Science workshopsScience workshops• Technology exchange Technology exchange
networksnetworks• Extra budgetExtra budget
HOW?HOW?• Performance metricsPerformance metrics• Science workshopsScience workshops• Technology exchange Technology exchange
networksnetworks• Extra budgetExtra budget
[KPMG 1999]
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Integrated Systems for KMIntegrated Systems for KM
Separate Separate information information
systemssystems
INFORMATIONINFORMATIONRESEARCH RESEARCH
PROCESSPROCESS
ENABLING ENABLING TECHNOLOGIESTECHNOLOGIES
UPGRADINGUPGRADINGOF EXISTING OF EXISTING KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE GENERATIONGENERATION
OF NEW OF NEW IDEAS IDEAS
Integrated Integrated Information Information
SystemSystem
HOW?HOW?• Database technologyDatabase technology• GroupwareGroupware• Web technologyWeb technology• User-interface User-interface
technologytechnology• IntranetIntranet
HOW?HOW?• Database technologyDatabase technology• GroupwareGroupware• Web technologyWeb technology• User-interface User-interface
technologytechnology• IntranetIntranet
[KPMG 1999]
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KM Behavioral and Structural Components
Preparing initiativePreparing initiative Initiative in placeInitiative in place
not i
n pl
ace
not i
n pl
ace
star
ting
star
ting
adva
nced
adva
nced
real
ised
real
ised
11 22 3 3 44
Hierarchical Hierarchical organisationorganisation
Process-orientedProcess-orientedorganisationorganisation
Power culturePower culture
Open & sharing Open & sharing cultureculture
Focus onFocus onindividualindividual
successsuccess
Focus on Focus on group group
successsuccess
No No understandingunderstandingof KMof KM
Top management Top management commitment commitment
2,32,3
2,02,0 2,12,1
1,91,9
• On the behavioural/structural axis, there is still enough On the behavioural/structural axis, there is still enough improvement potential.improvement potential.
[KPMG 1999]
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KM Operational Components
Preparing initiativePreparing initiative Initiative in placeInitiative in place
not i
n pl
ace
not i
n pl
ace
star
ting
star
ting
adva
nced
adva
nced
real
ised
real
ised
11 22 3 3 44
Knowledge stored Knowledge stored mentally and mentally and physicallyphysically
Integrated Integrated databases linkeddatabases linkedwith workflowwith workflow
Ad-hoc Ad-hoc knowledgeknowledge
creationcreation
Structured,Structured,strategicstrategic
knowledgeknowledgecreationcreation
Ad-hoc datacollection
2,1
2,0
2,1
Professional researchmethods
Knowledgesupporting
decision-making
Non-customizedNon-customizeddatadata
1,9
• A quick fix is not possible with regard to the implementation of KM.A quick fix is not possible with regard to the implementation of KM.• Step by step, the KM performance should be improved.Step by step, the KM performance should be improved.
[KPMG 1999]
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Case Study: KM for Course Preparation
Case Study: KM for Course Preparation
easy case: re-use existing material text book, presentation material, student assignments,
exams, projects
difficult case: brand-new course no existing material suitable for teaching purposes existing sources
research monographs, edited volumes, related text books, conference proceedings, journal special issues, articles, technical reports, white papers, company brochures, Web pages
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Course Development as KM Application
Course Development as KM Application
problem development of a course outline identification of relevant material extraction of relevant knowledge integration of various knowledge pieces
different representation media paper (books, journals) microfilm digital (electronic versions of books, journals, etc; Web pages; data bases, computer
programs)
presentation of knowledge presentation medium
identification of evaluation criteria development of exercises
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Tools for Course Preparation
Tools for Course Preparation
course outline brain, paper, editor, spreadsheet identification of material brain, search engines, library catalog/DBs organization of material brain, folders, labels, directories, files extraction of knowledge brain, paper, text editor, helpers integration of pieces brain, presentation program, helpers presentation of knowledge brain, presentation program evaluation criteria brain, text editor development of exercises brain, text editor, helpers
Deficiencies of tools much of the tedious work is left to the instructor little support for important knowledge management activities primitive tools are used for high-level tasks
directories, file names for the categorization of knowledge items
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Knowledge Management at Cal Poly
Knowledge Management at Cal Poly
what kind of knowledge is essential for such an organization
what are the tools in common use
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Knowledge Management for Students
Knowledge Management for Students
what are important KM needs
what KM tasks do you perform
which tools and techniques do you use
what can be improved through smarter computers
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Knowledge Usability Exercise
Knowledge Usability Exercise
identification of a domain and problem establishment of basic assumptions
facts, constraints, context acquisition of knowledge
determination of necessary knowledge to solve the problem identification of potential sources
organization of knowledge construction of a model
validation reliability and trustworthiness effective use comprehensibility presentation
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Knowledge and the Great Pyramids
Knowledge and the Great Pyramids
How did the Egyptians build these monumental edifices with the technology available at the time? soft metals, mostly copper
no iron
logs, beams apparently no wheels
sculpted blocks of stone maybe early forms of concrete
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Pyramid TheoriesPyramid Theoriesover time, a number of different theories
(hypotheses) have bee proposed outer ramp
long ramp leading to the current level increased as the pyramid grows
inner ramp outer ramp for the lower levels, used up for higher levels spiral inner ramp, together with levers and counterbalances
lifting mechanisms machines that allow the lifting of the large blocks to higher levels
extraterrestrials, …
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Convincing ArgumentsConvincing ArgumentsWhat does it take to convince you about the
plausibility of a theory? common-sense explanations: may sound good, but
glosses over important issues diagrams: illustration of essential methods models: computer-based, small-scale scientific papers: peer reviewed, calculations,
incomprehensible to ordinary mortals simulations: 3D CAD, animated, physics engines reconstruction: building (parts of) the real thing
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Domain and Problem Selection
Domain and Problem Selection
identify a domain and problem preferably something obscure
formulate one or more hypotheses for a solution of the problem if possible, several should sound reasonably convincing
develop a strategy for convincing your opponents about the plausibility of a hypothesis due to time constraints, the strategy does not have to be
implemented should have significant reliance on computers
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Example Domains and Problems
Example Domains and Problems
Climatology Is there global warming, and if so, is it caused by human activities?
Computers and Internet Strategies for fighting Spam
Art History Detecting forgeries of artwork
Medicine and Pharmacology Identification of promising remedies and drugs
Justice Use of electronic records to examine the veracity of statements under
oath
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Important Concepts and Terms
Important Concepts and Terms presentation of knowledge
tools extraction of knowledge identification of knowledge information integration of knowledge knowledge knowledge management
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Summary IntroductionSummary Introductionwith the increase in the amount of information and
knowledge, knowledge management will play a very important role in our professional and personal lives
although a lot of knowledge is available in digital form, computer support for KM is mediocre
many basic techniques and methods have been developed, but their integration into easily usable systems and tools is still missing