~JIUSEUM1ocatFons. Among these dependencies are an outside kitchen, meathouse, vorkhouse, slavehouse, smokehouse, butchering--shed, loom-shed, still house, horse and sheep barn,

Furm No 10-300 LRCV 10-741

U N I T ~ D STA rts D W A R T L I E N T O I - T I I E I N T L R I O K 'FOR NPS USE ONLY

W W &p?q NATIONAL PARK SESVlCE /

RECElVEQ NA'Zf3NAL EEGIS'EI? GF E!ZTGE",HC ixMCES ZNVENTORY -- NCh!iiiNAZON FGEId DATE L N I E ? ~

SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN EO W TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTEfl FOfiMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- CCMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTiCliVS - -

~ ~ N A M E HlriORIC Hut ton , P e t e r , Farm; I iu t ton, J e s s e , Eouse

AND/OR COMMON

"The Zlanor" ( p r e f e r r e d )

1J.Va. "n0ute 42 -NOT FOR PUBLICATION - CITY. TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTPICT

P e t e r s b u r g X VICINITY OF Second - STATE COUNTY CODE West V i r g i n i a Grant 023

- - - - - - - - -- -- - -

- - -- - - - -- - . - - -

CATEGORY - OWNERSHIP STATUS - - - PRESENT USE _DISTI?ICT -PUBLIC XOCCUPIED _AGRICULTURE ~JIUSEUM X_BUILDI~:G~SI ZPRIVATE -UNOCCUPIED -COMMERCIAL -PARK

-

-STRUCTURE -BOTH -WORK IN PRCGRESS -EDUCATIONAL KPRIVATE RESIDELCE

-SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSlBLE -ENTERTAINMENT -RELIGIOUS

-OBJECT -IN PROCESS YES. RESTRICTED -GOVERNMENT -SCIENTIFIC

-5EING CONSIDERED -YES: UNRESTRICTED -INDUSTRIAL -TRANSPORTATION

NAME --

M r . Roswell H. A l t STREET& NUMBER - ----

P.O. Box 126 CITY. TOWN STATE

P e t e r c b u r g - VICINITY OF Nest V i r g i n i a 2.

GAL DESCRIPTION &LOCATION OF 3 COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC. Grant County Courthouse STLEET ti NUMBER

V i r g i n i a Avenue CITY. TOWN STATE

P e t e r s b u r g West V i r g i n i a

3 REPRESEBJTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS L TITLE

DATE

-FEDERM S T A T E -COUNTY L O C A L

DEPOSITORY FOR

SURVEY RECORDS

CITY. TOWN STATE

C;iECX ONE CHECK CNE x

-?INALTERED -ORIGINAL SITE X A L T E R E D -h+OVED DATE

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AlJO Cli:C:f!AL (IF -<i!OWN) PI iYS[CAL A P P E A ~ A N C E

"The :lanor," l oca t ed near Petershurg i n prant County, West V i rg in i a , i s an L- s h ~ , > e d b r i ck house vhich was cons t ruc ted about 1330 and has undergone only n i n o r a l t e r a t i o n s i n t he -;lain house s i n c e tha t t h e . Hnndsomely b u i l t and we l l maintained, t h e s t r u c t u r e hcld a major z d d i t i o n (a onz-story k i t chen ) placed on t h e i n t e r i o r of t h e e l l i n t he l a t e 1960s.

The seven-robin house of today c o n s i s t s of the o r i g i n a l s i x rooms i n t h e rectangu?nr f r o n t s e c t i o n and t h e el 1 on t h e southeas t s i d e ccnbined wi th t h e k i t chen d d i t i o n c n t h e : ~ c r t h c a s t i n t h e angle of t he 211. As seen fcom t h e ..jest, t he dominant f e a t u r e aC t h e s t r u c t u r e i s a t ~ o - s t o r y p o r t i c o with pediment supported by four massive square c o l ~ ~ ~ s . The narrox-ness of t h e p o r t i c o adds t o i t s i n t e r e s t , f o r it i s only a s a i d e a s t h e space between t h e en t r ance door and the windows t o r i g h t and l e f t . TI~O c o l u m s a r e placed on each s i d e of the approach t o t he door 2nd a r e repea ted i n des ign i n l o u r p i l a s t e r s placed b e t ~ i e e n door and windows. The pedixent i s ~ e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e n a i n r o o f l i n e and i s decor<lLed wi th a s ix-sec t ioned f a n l i g h t . - - -

There a r e f i v e , symmetr ical ly placed openings on t h e west ( f r o n t ) e l e v a t i o n . The c e n t r a l door has tvo windows on each s i d e and i s i t s e l f unusual i n s t y l e , f o r t h e r e i s a r ec t angu la r o v e r l i g h t topped by a louvered arch ( the l a t t e r may have been added l a i e r ' +

A l l windows on t h i s e l e v a t i o n , a s ; j e l l a s a l l o the r s i n t h e o r i g i n a l house, a r e 6 / 6 double hung-vi th s h u t t e r s (except f o r the-second-floor window - -- under t h e p o r t i c o ) . The f r o n t i s l a i d i n a Flemish bond whi le t h e s i d e s and back a r e i n a comon bond.

With t h e except ion of t he s x a l l openings i n t h e a t t i c on t h e s i d e s of t h e chimney, t h e r e a r e no windows on t h e no r th e l e v a t i o n of t h e o r i g i n a l house. The e a s t e l e v a t i o n , however, has windows on each s i d e of the chimney on both t h e f i r s t and second f l o o r s , a window and door on t h e f i r s t f l o o r of t h e e l l and two windows on t h e second f l o o r of t h i s p a r t . The e a s t a l s o has a one-story porch, supported by s i x columns, toward t h e r e a r of t h e e l l , and t h i s has a louvered, fan-shaped des ign i n t h e pediment which is s i m i l a r t o t h a t above t h e en t r ance door a t t h e f r o n t .

The r e a r of t h e e l l has b u t two-small openings i n t h e att ic--on t h e s i d e s of t h e chimney. The i n t e r i o r of t he e l l o r i g i n a l l y had a window and door on t h e f i r s t f l o o r of both t h e west and n o r t h e l e v a t i o n s , bu t ~ h e s e , whi le s t i l l p r e sen t on the i n t e r i o r , have been covered by che one-s tory k i tchen addi t ion . m e r e a r e a l s o openings f o r one window and door on t h e second f l o o r of chese e l eva t ions , t h e doors probably a t one time l ead ing t o a porch which was on t h e i n t e r i o r of t h e e l l and now l ead ing t o bathroom f a c i l i t i e s which have been added.

Symmetry of des ign i s a l s o followed i n chimney placement. Tnere i s a c e n t r a l chinney on each of t h e gables of t he main p a r t and on t h a t of t h e e l l . While most of t h e depth of t he c h i m e y i s confined t o t h e i n t e r i o r , t h e r e i s about a s ix - inch pro- j e c t i o n on the e x t e r i o r , The c h i m e y on t h e e l l has had a c i n d e r b lock a d d i t i o n which now c a r r i e s the f l u e f o r t he furnace . There i s a l s o a h igh chimney i n t h e new k i t c h e n p a r t .

Much of t he i n t e r i o r i s o r i g i n a l , inc luding f l o o r boards , rnantels and most of t h e woodwork. Each of t h e s i x o r i g i n a l rooms has a f i r e p l a c e and deep-set and paneled window we l l s ( t h e i r depth i 2 d i c a t e s t h e wal l s a r e about fou r t een inches t h i c k ) . A l l mantels a r e d i f f e r e n t i n des ign , and those i n t he no r th rooms of t h e main s e c t i o n f e a t u r c a curved mantelpiece. C lose t s a r e incorporated on each s i d e o f , and f l u s h wi th , t h e f i r e p l a c e i n t he rooms of t h e e l l and the f i r s t - f l o o r room on t h e nor th of t h e main house, whi le a s i n g l e c l o s e t i s s o placed on the west s i d e of t h e second-f loor room on t h e nor th . Walls i n t h e e l l have reeded p i l a s t e r s t o t h e s i d e s of t h e f i r e p l a c e which reach from f l o o r t o c e i l i n g . Panel ing on the doorjambs i n most i n s t ances i s t h e same

' a SIGNIFICANCE

PERIOD AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE

-PREHISTORIC ~ R C H E O L O G Y - P R E H I S T O R I C -COMMUNITY PLANNING

-1400- 1499 -ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC -CONSERVATION

-1 500- 1599 A G R I C U L T U R E , . . -ECONOMICS , .

-1 600-1 699 ~ R C H I T E C T U R E -EDUCATION

-1 700- 1799 A R T - E N G I N E E R I N G

CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW

-LANOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE -RELIGION

-LAW -SCIENCE

-LITERATURE -SCULPTURE

-MILITARY -SOCIAUHUMANITARIAN

-MUSIC -THEATER

&1800- 1899 -COMMERCE ?LEXPLORAT~ON/SEITLEMENT -PHILOSOPHY -TRANSPORTATION

-1 900- -COMMUNICATIONS J N D U S T R Y -POLITICS/GOVERNMENT -OTHER ISPECIFY)

- - INVENTION

SPECIFIC DATES c , 1830 BUI LDER/ARCHITECT

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

"The Manor" i s l oca t ed on land o r i g i n a l l y p a r t of t h e F a i r f a x Grant i n t h e Northern Neck of Vi rg in ia . It s t a n d s today a s an express ion of t h e se t t l emen t and development p a t t e r n s e s t ab l i shed a s people moved f a r t h e r from t h e e a s t c o a s t i n t h e l a t e e igh teen th and e a r l y n ine t een th c e n t u r i e s . The a r e a around what i s now Petersburg, West V i rg in i a , was spa r se ly populated when t h e s t r u c t u r e was b u i l t on proper ty i n t h e hands of Pe t e r Hutton, a man whose home was some f i f t e e n mi les away near Moorefield, t h e s e a t of Hardy County, t h e county i n which t h e land was loca ted a t t h e time. "The Manor" must have been one of t he f i n e r farmhouses i n t h i s s e c t i o n during i t s e a r l y ex i s t ence , and t h e b u i l d e r l oose ly i n t e r p r e t e d some Greek Revival elements i n e r e c t i n g t h e handsome s t r u c - t u r e .

Sometime during t h e ownership of Thomas, Lord Fa i r f ax , t h e land surrounding t h e present l o c a t i o n of t h e house was designated "The 'South Branch Manor" t o d i s t i n g u i s h t h e s e c t i o n of h i s g r a n t a long t h e waters of the South Branch of t h e Potomac River. Much of t h i s a r ea was conveyed t o one John Marshall of Richmond ( l a t e r Chief J u s t i c e of t h e United S t a t e s Supreme C o u r t ) i n 1794, and between t h a t yea r and 1801 h e t r a n s f e r r e d s e v e r a l t r a c t s t o J e s s e Welton, Welton's son, Mosses, so ld a p a r c e l on ~ u n e y ' s (Lunice) Creek t o Pe t e r Hutton i n 1819, and i t i s on t h i s land t h a t "The Pianor" now s t ands .

Pe t e r ~ u t t o n had f a i r l y ex t ens ive holdings along t h e South Branch from Moorefield t o where Pe tersburg now s t a n d s , and i t seems t h a t he arranged f o r h i s son, J e s se , t o farm t h e ou t ly ing a c r e s along Luney's Creek a f t e r 1830. To f a c i l i t a t e development of a prev ious ly open and u n s e t t l e d land, Pe t e r had a magnif icent farmhouse e r e c t e d f o r h i s son and daughter-in-law (Bel inda Welton) who had married i n 1832. They must be con- s ide red somewhat a s p ioneers i n t h e opening of t h e a r e a , f o r t h e r e were few a t t h a t t ime a c t i v e l y involved i n working farms. J e s s e Hutton and h i s h e i r s cont inued along Luney's Creek u n t i l 1910, b u t s i n c e t h a t t ime the land has been t r a n s f e r r e d on s e v e r a l occasions. As t h e a r e a became more s e t t l e d i n t h e f i r s t h a l f of t h e n ine t een th century , those who had c l e a r e d t h e lands and begun farming opera t ions ( t h e Huttons inc luded) saw t h e increas- i n g va lue of t h e i r e f f o r t s . By t h e t ime of t h e C i v i l War, t h e South Branch Val ley c e r t a i n l y could no longer be considered a f r o n t i e r , and homes such a s "The Manor" became c e n t e r s of t h e economic, p o l i t i c a l and s o c i a l i n t e r c o u r s e of t h i s s e c t i o n of Vi rg in ia .

Pe t e r Hutton probably used s e v e r a l of h i s s l aves i n t h e l abo r of c o n s t r u c t i o n of t h e house, bu t t he o v e r a l l des ign and superv is ion undoubtedly came from someone w e l l versed i n bui ld ing . The p lan was f o r a r ec t angu la r house wi th e l l a t t h e sou theas t , simply and syrmnetrically organized t o provide s i x rooms. The f r o n t s e c t i o n has c e n t r a l h a l l wi th one room on each s i d e , and t h e e l l conta ins one room on each f l o o r w i t h an a u x i l i a r y s t a i r t o t h e second l e v e l . Window and door placement fo l lows a p a t t e r n which provides a t l e a s t two openings i n each room. A l l windows and doors a r e t r abea t ed , and t h e main en t rance and one t o t h e south s i d e of the e l l have r e c t a n g u l a r o v e r l i g h t s . Although w a l l s u r f a c e s a r e f o r t h e most p a r t smooth, t h e chimneys (one on each gable)

Fc:m No 10 300a (Rev 10-74)

li NIT1.D STA TCS D E P , l K T X l t N T O t T H L I N 1 LKIOR NATICNAL PARK SERVICE

RECEIVED

NATIGPJAL REGESiTR OF K1STQKiC P1ACES ~ E I Y T C I K Y -- r-mmuinm FCRM

CO~L'TI NUATIOI.! SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE one

7. DESCRIPTION (cont inued)

i n p a t t e r n a s t h a t of i t s a s s o c i a t e d door, and t h e r e i s a c h a i r r a i l i n each of t h e rooms. The s t a i r : l e l l i s coxpact and s i x p l y designed wi th cher ry h a n d r a i l and p l a i n s p i n d l e s .

Of added i n t e r e s t on t h e grounds of "The Xanor" (though most were not o r i g i n a l l y t h e r e ) a r e a g r e a t number of ou tbu i ld ings o f t e n a s soc i a t ed wi th a s e l f - s u s t a i n i n g farm. Xany of t hese a r e q u i t e o ld log s t r u c t u r e s which have been brought from nearby 1ocatFons. Among t h e s e dependencies a r e an o u t s i d e k i t chen , meathouse, vorkhouse, s lavehouse, smokehouse, butchering--shed, loom-shed, s t i l l house, ho r se and sheep barn , / - - - tabacco barn, hog pen, miTkhouse, co rnc r ib and ca rpen t ry shop. - -

p r o j e c t about s i x inches on t h e e x t e r i o r . The f r o n t i s dominated by a narrow, two- s t o r y p o r t i c o which i s supported by four square columns. The des ign and number of t h e columns i s repea ted i n p i l a s t e r s which a r e placed between t h e en t r ance door and t h e windows t o r i g h t and l e f t . The h igh pediment runs perpendicular t o t h e main r o o f l i n e and i s decorated by a f a n l i g h t . The house is t a l l , bu t t h e r o o f s a r e of

- r e l a t i v e l y low p i t c h . Interior-Voodwork i s s t r i k i n g . - The c e n t r a l en t r ance h a l l i s compact and con-

- t a i n s a s imple-s ta i rwel l h i g h l i g h t e d by p l a i n s p i n d l e s and a che r ry h a n d r a i l . Each room has a f i r e p l a c e wi th a d i f f e r e n t mantel design; t h e mantelpieces i n t h e n o r t h rooms a r e curved. B u i l t - i n c l o s e t s f l u s h wi th t h e f i r e p l a c e openings appear i n both rooms of t h e e l l and those on t h e nor th . A c h a i r r a i l i s p resent throughout t h e house, and t h e paneled doors fo l low p a t t e r n s e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e i r a s s o c i a t e d doorjambs .

9. NAJOR BIBLIOGUPHICAL REFERENCES

Charleston P r i n t i n g Co., 1951. (pp. 6 , 91) Robinson, Delmer. "Hardy County Revels i n His tory , Fine Food." Char les ton (w.Va.)

Gazet te , Sept. 28, 1972.

Form No 1D-300a (kc" 10-74)

U NITtD STATES DtPARTMtNT O t T H t INTtKIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

RECEIVED

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM

CONTl NUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE two

7. DESCRIPTION (Continued)

"The Manor" i s located on mi ld ly r o l l i n g land, and about f i v e acres surrounding t h e main house includes the geographical environment su i t ed t o i t s s e t t i n g and i n t e g r i t y . Although most outbui ld ings have been incorporated on the grounds s ince 1966, t h e outs ide ki tchen, meathouse, small s torage barn and l a r g e frame barn were cons t ructed on the property and assoc ia ted with the Hutton farm.

MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES Court Records ( c h a i n - o f - t i t l e deeds & w i l l of Pe t e r Hutton); Hardy and Grant Counties ,

County Courthouses, Moorefield and Petersburg, W.Va. In te rv iew, Roswell H. A l t wi th James E. Harding, Research Analyst, West V i r g i n i a

A n t i q u i t i e s Conunission, A p r i l 5 , 1975. Information on f i l e wi th t h e West V i r - g i n i a A n t i q u i t i e s Commission, Old Mountainlair , West V i rg in i a Univers i ty , Morgan- town, West Virginia .

v - E.1,. Hls torv of Grant and Hardy Counties , West Virginia . Charleston, W.Va.:

GEOGRAPHICAL DATA ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY 5 UTM REFERENCES

161 6, 211,1,0] 14,311,913 ,5 , O NORTHING c,ZO,NE, i A r T I , N j , , , , , , , , , , ~ L - I I I I I I \ I

ZONE EASTING u NORTHING

VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION

. . . .

LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES

STATE CODE COUNTY CODE

STATE CODE COUNTY CODE

FORM PREPARED BY NAME / TITLE

James E. Harding, Research Analyst ORGANIZATION DATE

West V i r g i n i a An t iqu i t i e s Commission Apr i l 16, 1975 STREET & NUMBER TELEPHONE

Old Mountainlair , West V i r g i n i a Un ive r s i t y (304) 292-1527 C I Y O R T O W N . STATE - .

Morgantown West V i r g i n i a

STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER CERTIFICATION THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OFTHIS PROPERTY WITHIN THE STATE IS:

/ NATIONAL - STATE - LOCAL - As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (PuMic Law 89-665). 1

according t o the

t

W! TITLE West V i r g i n i a S t a t e H l s t o r i c P re se rva t ion Of f i ce r DATE M~~ 12. 1975

Form No. 10-301 (Rev. 10-74)

U N I T E D S T A T E S L>EPI \ I<TMENT OF T H E I h T E R I O R NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATICNAL REGISTER OF HHSYORHC PEACZS PRCPERTY MAP FORM

SEE INSTRUCTIONS 1 N H O W TO COMPLETE NA TlOh'AL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- I ENCLOSE WITH M A P -

NAME H'STOR'C Hutton, Peter, Farm; Hutton, Jesse, House

- AND/OR COMMON

"The Manor" (preferred)

LOCATION CITY. TOWN Petersburg

COUNTY Grant

STATE West Virginia

MAP REFERENCE SOURCE U. S. Geological Survey

Maysville, W.Va., 7.5' Quadrangle SCALE 1 : 24000 DATE 1967