1861-1865 Lincoln wins with only 40% of the votes, all cast in the north, southern power is lessened It sent the message to the south that they.

The Civil War

1861-1865

The Election of 1860 Lincoln wins with only 40% of the

votes, all cast in the north, southern power is lessened

It sent the message to the south that they were a minority section and sooner or later slavery would try to be abolished

Talks of secession emerge.

Secession In Charleston, South

Carolina delegates attending a state convention, vote to leave the Union December 20, 1860

They argued the doctrine of states rights- states had the right to join or leave the union

Six more states soon follow and leave the Union “The UNION IS DISSOLVED”

Abraham Lincoln March 4, 1861 Lincoln

becomes president In his inaugural address he

states that the secession is wrong and unconstitutional

“In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war” A. Lincoln

General Ulysses S. Grant and Commander George McClellan

Fort Sumter April 12, 1861- Confederate troops

attack Fort Sumter Fort Sumter was a federal outpost in

Charleston, SC Lincoln sends in ships of supplies to

defend the fort 34 hours later, the defenders

surrender The war had begun

The states that leave the Union form the

Confederate States of

America

The Civil WarWho was involved?

#1 The Confederate States of America

The Civil War• Who was involved?

#2 The Union (Free States & Territories)

The Civil War• Who was involved?

#3 The Border States

Border states—Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri—between the North and South did not join the Confederacy, but people were divided on the war.

Jefferson Davis•Becomes the president of the Confederate states of America•Firm believer in states rights. •“Our present condition…illustrates the American idea that American government rests upon the consent of the governed”•General Robert E. Lee

Advantages and Disadvantages:

North• Population:

22 million• 4 million men

of combat age

South

•Population: 9 million

•1.2 million men of fighting age

•3.5 million slaves

North has the advantage in population

North• Economy:

100,000 Factories

• 70,000 miles of Railroad

• $190,000 in bank deposits

South

•Economy: 20,000 factories

•9,000 miles of Railroad

•$50,000 in bank deposits

North has the advantage in industrial power

Advantages and Disadvantages:

North• Armed Forces:

mostly drafted soldiers with overly cautious officers

• More soldiers• African Americans - 10%

of Union forces• Strong navy

South

•Armed Forces: better trained soldiers & better leadership

•No real navy

North has the advantage in # of soldiers, but South in the quality of soldiers & generals

Advantages and Disadvantages:

North• Government

- Strong well-established government

South

Government - Weak government, most power given to states

North has a stronger government, better able to direct resources (people & products)

towards the war

Advantages and Disadvantages:

North• Motivation:

Preserve the union

• Later - free the slaves

South

•Motivation: Preserve way of life

Who has the advantage in motivation? You decide.

Advantages and Disadvantages:

The strategy of the North Lincoln and Winfield Scott

planned the war strategyAnaconda Plan Step 1• Surround the south by land and sea

to cut off its trade Step 2

• Divide the Confederacy into sections so one region could not help the other

Step 3• Capture Richmond, Virginia-

the capital of the Confederacy.

The Strategy of the South Planned to defend itself until the

north lost the will to fight Counting on European money and

supplies to help fight the war.

Northern CommanderUlysses S. Grant

-- “When in doubt, fight” U.S. Grant

•Son of an Ohio tailor & drunken failure until the Civil War

•Reputation for boldness, resourcefulness, &persistance

Southern CommanderRobert E. Lee

“It is a good thing war is so terrible; else we should grow too fond of it” -- R.E. Lee

•Offered command of Union armies

•Brilliant southern gentleman from one of country’s oldest families

•Family plantation occupied early in the war and turned into Arlington National Cemetary

Review Questions