Congress of Vienna 1814-1815 –European leaders led by Austria (Prime Minister Metternich) Goals Prevent French Aggression Balance of Power (No country is a threat to anyone) Restore royal families to the throne Result=5 Grt Powers (GB, FR, Austria, Prussia, RS) Unintentional Side-Effect:
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1814-1815 –European leaders led by Austria (Prime Minister Metternich) Goals Prevent French Aggression Balance of Power (No country is a threat.
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Congress of Vienna
1814-1815 –European leaders led by Austria (Prime Minister Metternich)
Goals Prevent French Aggression Balance of Power (No
Nationalism – belief that people should be loyal to nation not king share a cmmn culture & history Can identify better with own gov’t People have the right to self-govern Nation-States—independent gov,
represents itself▪ Ex. England, France, Ireland, America
The Bonds That Create…
Nationalit
y
Lang
uage
Cultu
re His
tory
Relig
ion
Terr
itor
yNation-State
Defends its territory & way of life
Representative to the rest of the world
Embodies the people & ideals
Nationalism
Beliefs
Conservatives
Liberals Radicals
•Wealthy & Nobility
•Argued for traditional monarchy
•Middle Class
•Power to elected parliaments
•BUT only the landowners and educated
•“Fringes” often students
•Extend democracy to all people
•Drastic changes
Nationalist Rebellions 1821 1830s 1848
•Ottoman Turks (Muslims) control Balkan region
• Greeks rebel
• Popular with scholars, Russians, many Europeans
• British, French, & Russians ally and crush Turks
• Grks win indepdt
•Belgians declare independence from Dutch•Poles revolt against Russians, but are crushed•French king Charles X tries to return to absolute monarchy, students in Paris rebel (put down)
•Paris mobs overthrow Louis-Philippe, reestablish republic•Louis-Napoleon wins presidential election; takes title of Emperor Napoleon III
• Encourages reform
• Experiences economic prosperity
Break Up of EmpiresAustro-Hungarian Ottoman Russian