مجلة الجامعية، العدد 136

2009 jj - 136 OdG - jdG d WdG OG JC dG OdG Y QJeG kf RJ

3 j G

G j aFG H :G 16

MaEG

:dG OGYEGh GNEG

e dCG

Tel: (965) 482 3873 - 482 0150 - 484 5639

:YdG

YEG G

:J :ca

SGd:hdEG jdG Y hCG 24839462 :cJ

Email:[email protected] :G be Y hCG

WdG OG dG OdG Y eG QJ . jdG d

G CGQ Y IQhdH J IQG Gh AGQBG

gdG gQ - G ASCG dG jf SBG G e - hdG g - QG f jdG jEG - hRG IQS bdG IM -

jG IdN -dG IQS -dG IQS

QOG dG SS jdG FQ .G S jdG Ije .

!"#"#$%&'()

#)*+))

) )) ,-.+ ) /0

'1

20

56

eG ISCG

.. ah dSQ jdGh dG:dG

o ncG rTnCG r o nJ nh nO rQ n rdG p ococ

G a G

a d dG

IZ gC AYdG dG j dh , G jCG d gDJ BLe e j jL g Yh jL Oe Y jCG b SG jG OdG Gg MaG e

MG ge e fhj eh GdG IZ gCG , H MG VQCG WdG G fGNEG Ifeh QR e dG Gg jGH J fMh CG eYG g ? J dG GYGh fGh YdG g , LCG e H gfh d f G feH e Qf L J e fej eh

? J jHhG e eYEG eGdGh fjdG GAdGh dG jdG g ? J GAGdGh GgGh

ffEG Y L L gh eG SZh GMCG Nh fEG jJh ,GdGh dG Y GhOJ jdG AGYCGh fEG WT OdG W..dH .Gh

eg GDS MW OdG Gg h , G M d GYG e c cCG Jh G dG Gd dG YCG e AYdGh AYdG iS Y a ? j H ej j dG Th IZ gC FY W eh Id ge c Y ddG Y

OdG Gg jGhR ALQCG H dH Gd , U H dJ cfh , dG g M dG e ddG e IOe AGQBG LCGh

Jf d f eh

NUKS

NUKS

HdG SEG IQGOE IQ`` jR ddG ``

GaGdG aH f : YadG

dG N e ddG e

dG GY eb jdG d WdG OG SEG IQGOEG IQjH eG a jaGdG dG hDTh HdG IPSCG eb M , ddG S SEG Ije dG ON Me OG GY SH ddG QhO Y KCGh H hDH J dGh dG OG JLMG ad Jh ddG

. G

de VhCG OdG GHh UN GSG fCG YadG IQS OG dG Gg jdG d WdG OH ddG dd e dGh ddG S Y AdG J H dG Je bY Y Jh LGJ dG cG gCG Y d dd UN da dG S c , eG H Mfh jdG VQCG Y aV gf JdGh GaGdG jdG d WdG OG ch fCG cQh , dG e eG d YdG G j dGh adGh YLG QeCG ac dH ddG Jh dG H dG hO eG ddG J dG OcCGh

. G hCG

Y jdG eL HdG SEG IQGOEG QhO YadG Kh jdG d WdG OG GYh AYCG e dG fhJ ddG L e aJ dhG IdG gOL f c , dG QhO j CG eBG , HdG dG GaGdG N Lj e c eNh dd eG jJ

. eG QGG

h

jdG eH ``j``````dG IQGOEG ``j`` IQ```jR

WCG Vd f : dG MeG (jac) cCG U

-HdG dG GY QGR -jdG d WdG OEH jdG IQGOEG je eG a Y b dPh eH S d HG GAGLEG H eG jac Ye Vh dP e dG h ,dG cCG U WC IjL F

.aCG FGZ b GPh

gG ddG CG dG M HdG dG de VhCG OdG GH h GQNG jCG LGJ OGOj h eG ej f j eG jW f fCGH G Gg eh a Qj dG fCG h g h ?U Y HjEG CG S KDJ g,ddG Y OG jdG VGYCG dhJ Y Jj h U eG IaG LdG fQha ?eG QN JLh dG hJ dG eh !?e H gG Y j HdG hDdH gG G IQjdG g ALh ,bdG Qh ddG a j dGh ddG UG dGh IOG Jh jdG Ye QNCG NBG a

.eG d

IOTEG VGdG gOL Y eH jdG IQGOEG QhH dG OTCGh eG jdG af bGe h dG g J Yh dP Y QGSG Lfh eG g d jL Ga d HdG dG CG Ve , eG ddG j e c hdG h e aJh dG j e c dG EG J ddG

. eG G QGSCG NGO fLj

4

NUKS

NUKS

OH ddG f YLG jQJ IQhO zG IQGOEG{

jG IdN c

SCGj dG jQdGh GQSd IOjdG cT e hdH ddG h jdG d WdG OG jdGh jQdG f hdGh SdG c bGdG ZdG hQa Yb IQhdG Yh ,jCG KK I eG dG ( G IQGOEG ) GH IQhO - G SL.O

. 14 e G SL QcdG gdCG dG dG eGh H GhOTCG M , jdG eL c e ddG e Y IQhdG M

. QG e FGQ H Yeh Aeh e VM dG OG gQhH dG ISCd M ,LhdG H UGdGh hdG ch ,LdG GhdG FYH J dG QhG e jdG IQhdG dhJ LhdG H IOeh S J CG ISCG d c VJ CG hO ISCG J eSEG jdG CG UN ,G jJh AH

.iNCG L e AHCGh LhdG Hh ,L e c Y j e ,ICGGh LdG f H dGh dG ah ,G H QdG Ad Y Yh jf jQJ IQhdG N bCGh GUQ j dG ,FdG G H SCJ c EG TQdG bJ c ,dG dG e W c jj GPe aeh ,NBG J e

.LhdG LGJ b dG dG jCd M H fhe GhH M , dG OG e ddG OL H IQhdG AfG M dG jGH e JdGh dG Md

.ghM e d JQG h IQhdG

6

7dG GHEG e hJ bJEG

G adG OM U dhDe MU IQS dG OdG Y QJ dG eG dG jYd JG Y bJ Y dG aJh dG Gd dG GHEG cT b e jdhCGh IOh H h AGd dG e Y IAGdG J H e dPh ,gj jL g e d J dG aG hdG Jh fEh ,GN UNh IjL c e MdH dYh HdG JGNh jNBG f IQSEH

.dG Lf e IOSEd MOdG

hDT je S fCG / dG VhCG fL eh hdG Ia CG dG GHEG cT jTdG AL adG OM U Y eG e fh QJ dG gCH cdG EG e ,fEGh OdG IM IAGdG gCGh ,G eCG e feh eG W QhO gCH dch

.jdGh dGh dH CH eDf GHEG cT f :Fb VCGh c ,,eCG Th fG f g dG fCG hQjh hDhj jdG g IOdG CH eDf dG QhdG gf CG fCG EG aVEH ddh eG eG W H YdGh gQhH fEG e hdG Y jM c

.fh

GQdG QNG J cQT dG OG ((NCC jG HGQ

Jh GG eN EG f : OTdG IQf d OcCG AGLCG

OG NCC jG HGQ cQT J eG a jdG d WdG dd Y dGh GQdG QNG YdG e MdG IdG GG VhCG OdG GHh , 12:30 EG 9:30 CG OTdG IQf jG HGQ de bh dG e LGJ HGdG GY eRdG LdGh GOTQEG H c , QNd dNO b Gd Y Y J M IOG bhCG G ch QNG dBG ae ddG YS

. QNd NdG b IQdG jd Jh G

ebh , G SCG Wh cQG M e IR fc ddG HSG CG OTdG VhCGh fc QNG SCG CG ddG AGQBH Md M , L Y OdH jG HGQ GY Y j FdG YEG CG OTdG db GQNG Ff Yh , SGh dG H e Jhe ae c FdG Y HEd ddG JGdG Y e SQEG S M eG QNG Me RLG CG Ve , www.kuniv.edu.kw ffG Y eG be jW Y

. eG dW hCG dW C g eCG GQdG

NGO fLj e c aJh GG eN jG HGQ N e f : OTdG aVCGh OYG e J eh eG IG W M JGQSG ac Y OdGh eG QGSCG UN Ye dah eGHh fCG jG HGQ J c , dhDH SMEGh dG Y OcCG AGLCG J EG f fCG OTdG cCGh , IFdG d d J j dGh Gd

J N e Gd eG GQG IcGG jW e jdG gZh G Mh ddG J dG eG QeCG OGdGh adG d e

. eG IG

8 eG a jdG d WdG OG dG OdG QT cT f dGh 2009 YLG dhDG De cQe Y CG M, jQe HO L a eG eYEG ed Gh YH j QG SDd YLG dhDd ddG jdG De Y ddG Id dPh jdG a FEG IG CG efH Ifeh fdG d eYEG YGdG H dG OdG QTh , GdG

. GdG Y

OdG UM G ASCG dG OdG FQ VhCG OdG GHh hdG H a Y YJ dG VQGh GDG cQG Y dah eGHh fCG ebEG e hd IjY SDeh L e dG CG c , adGh YEG IGg e gZh d aOg eYEG YLG dhDG gCG Y d LGdG g DG cQG e OdG gQj dGh OGh eG HdG JGQGUEG jRJh jJ EG cQG N e f c , YJ HW OH dG

. eOdG dG OdG dah fCH QGhdG

gQhOh YLG dhDG gCG cQG SDGh cdG Hh fCG c , G SDG QhO RGHEGh fCG YO dG e YdGh HjG H G e UGdG Y SDG YJ dG OdG Ia b M , G MdG Y J dG jdG

. DG Gg cQGh QGhdG YGh SG

d JLCG Y jb S dG OdG CG G aVCGh eYEGh dG GQhdG S Y S dGh dG SGQdG e c OY e UN W bJ UCGh , jS OdG j dG S IQhdG GOT L CG GcDe , H cQG ZGdGh cQG eGdG UJ Y YEG Sh jdG adG L e Ie G YGO , dG b e MGbG hCG GQSG CH Me jb jJ Y J dGh dG OdG da cQd HdG

. dG id eYEG gGG

GdG Y fdG d eYEG YGdG H

YLG dhDG De QT dG OdG

SdG - idG Qf OGYEG

:

gG CG YEG c e Ma Q ddG db dH eCG , AYdGh YH cQGh dH J e fLj dG OGG eCH a WCG Y

gZh M.dNOEGh G a eCG GPEG dPh ee e

: (

YdG CG HdG c e b je ddG aVCGh EG aVEH cCG gG g dTCG H OG jCGh YdH Ghj M Z gCG e FGdG UGdG Jh gOU e jJ dG GGh GgH dG KCd dG LG e H fG aVCGh e hdG

.Y H dG Y

: (

fa YLG dG c e ihT dd dH eCG CG ge aCG g jeCG d WG Ggd aVEH jCGH c KCJ d fC , eJ e f HCG jCGh c dGh WCd AYdGh G Vj H FGSEG bGG Le gh ,

.dG QG eCG dG j SCHh

:

e Qf ddG J JeR Y SdG c e

ffEG ge c aJ IZ G fGNEG fj e ,IZ b FGSEG dG AH H Ife YCG dG dG j d eJ dG IdG ISCG gh IfG d eJ G ddG J e M jCGQ NCd ddG H eG dLh ,jdGh

( IZ GZCG) j MGh e GP HLEG Aa , dG d eJh dG

GgG KG H c YGfCG H dG gCH jJ IQhV Y Vh dh , GGh H SdG c a c H SdG eh GQTH fh H jd ec j jGH e bCG dG VfH jdGh HT AYdG gCG Y cCGh BG EG MG

.AYdG

:

Y cDj SdG e e ddG CGQ if jCGh gCG Hh dG Zh dG YdG gCG eG Ie J CG c GgG H dG gCH HdG eR CGQ jCGh c

. SdH Ga c a Y J

: / L

hdG S dg IQcdG jCGH cQTh

: da dG c e TJ:(Sh Y G U) G SQ b EG cCG YGJ c CG Y YGJ CG SQ j ej f b ehCG b b Ic dh c ej fCG H :b ?G dG jdG jG NBG EGdG Ac a .dG dEG Uh dG dG j

??G DG VdG Gd G G OdGh ddG eEH CG kT iQCG N e IZ b YO cQG keY HdH G EG IOdG e dGh dG

10

QSGh ddG dGh HfEGh QSGh ,MG FSdG H G S OG f OG H IQU H G H jCGh dG bdG OL gh bdG dh H

.gGdG hdG J dG CGdG Y KCdG gG j c jW Y ddH UG AGQBG AGHEG N e CNNh BBC e dG AfCG ch bGe fY dOCH Ie J CG H dEG ABCh CG GQGb Oc FMEG e VGhh

.bGY H FGSEG fG dG IG

:

cQG CG GOBG c e QGfCG ddG CGQ

GOBG bCG dG e dG M dG gCG e g eG ALQCG ac h Lh e ch IZ gCG YO Y YJ dG dG T N e UGdG CG gf VGGh QaCG d HhdG h jG

.dG dG YJ GL e

:

jQGOEG dG c e QdG d aVCGh eG dW e kGc CG SDG e fCG Ife e jdG WJ e ZdG Y-

HdG d gQSGh IZ gCG VQCG IG cfG Y eSEGh dG QhdG hj fCG EG -AGSEG kUN IZ b Id d feEH iQCG Ea kTh .Y mH ah YO cQG eG ddG eEH CG

:JBG N e dG fCH EGh dG gCG GQOEG ,khCG jFY b H a eb b d

.J Y UG e c Y j jQJ IAGb N e dG J ,kfK ae Y UG EG aVEH dG e fCGh ,H kej VdG Ge Qcd QG a c IAGH dG UG J WTCG eh GjdG QW d a e LdG ZGQ QcdH

.ah fCGh ?c ,J fdGh jeCG G We ,kdKh Starbucksh McDonalds e dG j gZh Carrefour G bGG jW Y jdH Y

.ffEG Y ddG QhO gCG EG jdG OhCG kGNCGh gCG dG hQ f b dG Ig OJ d AbUCGh

.kGO eCG

K AYdG K AYdG CG if G h IZ gC ef b e gCG g AYdG

gQjh gfjh gj CG G Yfh.FGYCG c e

11

12

dG DG ddG cQT (1

Id HdG FGdG L OLH hCG

. IZ

dG OG e ddG QUCG (2

dG Ye Y GJ , QSG H

VhCG

L M ddG gS (3

jdG eL dWh W e YdG

G H .O 16,000`dG ba dGh

feh jhOCGh jZCG SQE MGh SG

. eRCG H HG IZ gCG EG W

HG LH ddG cTh (4

L cQ YLEG dG c

WdG OG FQ dCG M FGdG

Gg c FGdG h jdG W

. TG LG

d jdG jH OG gG .5

G

dG) IOGQEG MH SG AdG .6

d WdG OEG H (dG

ddG cQeh jdG

iOCG jG IQdG eCG YEG J .7

dGSEG a GQdG NGe ZEG EG

dG dG DH

gLGJ N e ddG gS .8

cQ IdG IZ Ie cQeh

Gfh G dG dG L

dG e dG IU dP Jh , eCG

dG dN

T

IN e Hf YEG Gg , AYCGh dG OdG OH Gc e MGH KCG Me EG Uh M LGh UCG dG , OdG Gd M Heh U EGh adH .. edG adG Y OJ QW a dG UCGh , f

eCG

,, eYEGdG H dN

.. GNCGh INCG adH d J e , Y hJ fh FGQ e cCG dh e L

. dGh dG JM dGh

cNCG dG GY jf

UfG

GLhh

1414dG OdG Y Gdb e H

idG gCH j dG .. OdG Gg Y FdG bd jdGh G c . jdG YEH Vd eYEGh dG

WdG jJ jdG je

IWN hO e f LCG GfCG gh IWG dJ a Y G a IQhO K d GPEGh Sd e H JCG dG dG OdG Gd jG dG IWN iS j e GV f Lh d .. e IQhdG e NCG H QT Lj S GfG GPEG fCH cCe fCGh adG Y fG iS

. dG e FGQ H adG

JdG G Sj

G

dSHHSddG

15

dG Sj

16e IddGh FGdG e dG j MGh bh MGh H

:

:dG bdG

G S IQf :SG -S 23 :dG -

aFG H dhDe Ff :aFG H G -VjQh Y J - HdG c SjdH :SGQdG gDG -

Y e :XdG -

? aFG H SCJ GP -1 d G Lh ,eG S d fEGh jJ jQe J HT EG G L 2006 Y )aFG H( SCJ

.jDhQh Jh IQGOEGh Jh QaCH H HT H EG Lh ,G e AL fc jdG HdG QhO

?(aFG H) SG QNG GP -2 NCG L Y a j dG EG dG dP g aFG a , Gh dBdGh AhdGh QGSG Y jh FdG j dG CG

.Y H jdG dG h ,HdG d RGe e

?aFG H dG hT g e -3.REGh d ,Yeh Ie IdG J CG

?aFG FdG eY Y e dG g -4.G j a dH

gdG gQ :AdG LCG ebEGh dG jH jc cGe Ye GY e eG GAd S e SCG dG )aFG H( dhDe e dG f d G adG fCG

.G d HjEG QhdG J eg H J dh IOhe GS

17

eL dW Y Ie dG jY g -5?jdG

Xeh jdG eL e jN GdG a edG dG h UN eL dW dch

.jQdGh dG d

H ebCG dG eGdG hCG J c -6?aFG

jGH J fch MdG Y IjL eGH fc Y a fcQ ,G IOH Lfh d jb ef e j H , H EG fG

. jdG Id hG QNG

H) ebCG dG eGdGh GQhdG g e -7?(aFG

2006 S fc jGH ,Yeh Ie eGH 200 QH aFG d jJ efH ebEG bfG ch 2006 U c dP H ,Ia IQY gh jdG efH bCG eQ Hh ,d jdGh YGPEG eGH V efRQ Y eGdG dch jdG QNh NGO jdG eGdG

.fedG GhdGh ShQdGh ShQO Y IQY d fEG H fCGH K U f gHh ,TCG 3 I YSCG Zd 2007 Y e 7 T H NBG hCG f 2008 Y e h ,dH QG eCG 350 V jT ch ,HGh CG j

.Hh fEG S gh )OdG( efH eb c TCG 3 Ie YSCG fEG ShQO Y IQY d b dGh MGdG Jh dGh hdG d

.cQG

ReG Of fG VG dG h ,Ie jT ShQO )aFG H( j dch jYdG QhO dG d OdG JCG M dG McGh GjT bEG b dG

.UG LMG hPh jCGh H UG.GdG Y GS 3 ie Y SG dGh M G jdG efH bCG c

?(aFG H) e d UN a SCJ j n -8,dM SGQdG b d a ebEG Ve d ,`JdG e Hf IdG d

?(aFG H) YdG dG e JSG dG e -9 fCGh ,cT hCG SDe dc dh H YJ Y fCG aFG H G AdG a LGh ,dH dEG Qjh G a j dG G eSEG dG j C j

. dG e dG Gg j e FGOh ,MGh Hh MGh H MGh S j h H e da SdG e edc IjL GQe J CG Yd Hh

.NB T e J dG jWh dG jVG e edGh e efd dG GQeh YLG AKCG QGG cG c

.SCG g GL Ic Th Gh Gh

?JLGh h JeGdG H h YdG dG H adG c -10 .bdG Jh GMGh jQCG e aeh jdhCG JJ N e

?d LJ c -11 Y IdG U CG QhdG a G H bdGh ,H H f C LH f

.a dG dG

.INCG c - 12 UNEG j YdG dGh , Id W UNEG Z a ,J j b d g .. H MS a Je c EG) bCGh ,FGQ e cCG jH a SdG Mh

.(AdG e.HdG bdG Y AGVCG J egG Y jdGh dG ch

BE

+ X```H```jEG G```b ```Ye ``fC`T e dG ``bQ``G IQ```dG

U`N Q``T e ```d G ``S Y fjda , ```dEG ````e```J U```N IQ``T ````dG i```c I``b ``de```SEG ``j`dG IQT dc

je e cT J bh H Reh JUGe G J dG eY jG cT d c gQT dhO dh. eY LCG e GQhdG

H UG QT Y CG HjCG ijY jCG fCGhHjEG Q`dG

X.YG J V eY

+.HjEGh KdG J L eY

Q```T + XI```G H`jEG G``gCG e jJe ````LCG e H``jEG Gb Ye j

Q`dG `e ``dG a IQ``dG I``g ``V dd , IQ``dG e`e H``jEG ``T fCH ``G ``cd Q``a ``e ``j CG

.Gh```dG ``Y ```f ``Y ``j IRQ``H c``eCG ,kT e UGdG J SdG e Y` e H``jEG b``dH `G U``G `Y `d `d h

HjEG bW Y UGdG FSh e iNCG Sh CH hCG kjjH ,kJgjdG Gg J LQG JM a HjG fG Yh e fG d

?H bY WJ a ZJh HjG UTG FbUG hG FHbG e H ASGcPG-1-1

-2-3

?d fGOhG dG HjG jfG ge-2-1-2-3

hdG d jg ebCS h ? e Oje H bGh GbCS HjG dG Y c c-3HjG

-1-2-3

?SQ M HjH fJ dG fG ge -4-1-2-3

HjG dG

QG f OGYEG

18

20.. :

: dG bdG

dG Uf Qf : KdG SEG dG c -aGG J : dG

eGjdGh dG : jGdG

dG jGg e jGH Y KM?jdG h

Gh Sd M e jGdG CGH ,ddG e ee MGe jhdG eRdG OGG aGJ J Y YS Lj dPh ,dG G eGS jGdG d fMGh gCG d

.jGH

?jdG hCG dG d j GPe ,c IG OLe dG dH , dG , dG ,JH LGj da W e dM AT a Gh G dH da , e IYd Y YG ah ,b a j a dG

.UN H G ,dG Y Gc j a jdG eCG MCG e dGh ,a JGP H jdG j dSQ jda jdG g bW d j G OGj J ah .eGSG

.NBG ,bd L SG a jdGh dG

.bd QSGh

AKCG e eJ dG eGdG ge?dG

TJdc G dG eGH jh QO , QjdGh ,QdG e ,fhdEG bGG J H fhdGh EG eGdG J bCGh .TdG efHh jM a ,QjdEG efH g f

.hdEG SdH Jh cCG

AbUCGh gCG e J bJ g? c ?jGg jd

gCG e G h a ,f

dW jGg

.

21

Ia Y J dHh , NBGh e W e dG dEG UJ Y eT eJ J d ,Ija QaCG hCG IjL j J jdG .colin smith h .UG HSEHh H GKCe dHh ,Y OYG dG G H adGh ddG HW Y j G j

.G j M G

VQG JcQe Y KM?JGRGh HGh

,V cQT a jd dH HJ dG NGO NBGh dG QN MGh hCGh MaG dGh dG d .{ Aura{ dGh dG f da fc He cQT HG dch

.dG Gd GZJdG jd cQT a ,jhdG YCd dH eCG Ve bd IjL eH M b bh VG eQ hdEG

.Gc bGh He cQa HG U Yh fch eQ d L jQZ QjH KCJh dhW jJ Y J hd W ShQe Jh e J dG cG f Gh HG

.HG TQh OGYEG cQe dc jh

. YEG Y

d UhG ? Ie hC U e? dG dP QT

bfG dh ,U e cPCG Gj S e CGH dG Y dG Gd IH aO dG dG hCG dP b c jdG eCG .G dG

.jfdG SGQO jCG ,H

GdCG CGh eJ Yf ge? H

SdG Hd edG Yf OSCG a H dG GdCG eCG , dZ cCG CG hMCG c eY h , gdGh fc dG ed eCGh .GdCG e Ij dG G J dG G

.edG bGQh HH

j ec J G T e?J hG jd

e da ,dH dEG UdG QOf QT g j CG eh J b dG IQU J jh dG J M H CGdG hCG jQCG Y fCG hCG MGe hCG VQCG CG hCG ,fK hMCG CG eEa ,J e EG Uh GPEG QOdG e ,iNCG H bhP

.ZCG CG d FdG dG CG eJ dG e dh e Ia H GOjdG H Y VCG

.J

?dG jGg e SG GPe dL H e UGdG g dG e c .MGhQCG H eh dM e ATCG J ch ,e J j dM

dGh dG e e AbUCGh e dG e dG dCG ,UN H JQSG j dG QeCG e ch dGh Yh ,GdCG hCG ,cJh c AGS a g J e dZ dG iG

.dG Yh jGdG Y

jGH LGh HU e g? Y J ch ? QGe

Yd dhCG a OQ Lj ,jL Cc a Gc JYS SGQOh SQ e Oj eY dG hQh , dG ge .dSQ Ujh Ia d jh a J dG SGQdG jWh SGQdG OGG Y self training gh dG IjL J ffEH Hh UN ShQO jW dG fG NCG CG H ddG Y ch , j JGP H dPh .dG bh NCSh ,HU a jL dG

.SdG Y j M

? dG jJ edH e cC SCG eJ WdGh edGh dG c dSCGh W H e QbCGh ,HdG

dW jGg

22

j bh MU hQh T j aGJ dG ,O QTh e dM e Ggh dM e ATCGh dG He J ,ATCG e eJ h a GQCG ,FTC JGQNG ,H G dG c c ,ac e ATC JJJ He J JGQNh ,dG J

.Sj e cJh UC VCG K hCG Je fCG cPCG c Tb b cJ hG ,QGcG b fc H e GdCGh e H HG J d dG d LH e hCG ,bhP Vj dG M

.HG e Sj

dG a Y bG j c? jdG

dG a ,G h c bG h ,YGHEGh bdG e dG jd d c J IdG J Gg eR jdG Gh QdG EG Jh JYGHEH gQGe jGH Ia iCGQ GPEG G h

.bfEG d Yc jh j AdEG N e dG YGHG d J dG jdGh SG VQG Y If ,dG e a cQG ZCG j YG dG e c h

.Gh

jH G H jCGQ e H YJ g ?HdG GQG

? VGh e dG h V GL YdG e L h .G G

.dG GQe Jh jJ

gG IOjRh jd JMGbG?jd HdG gGH

Y IdG jQG ee J dG YJ dG G G jW eGh GQhCG Ve Jh ,G dG gL e NCJ dG jObEG fCG M Y .SM ie e Jh L Ne Y OYEd jGH j b Y a J IdG d hCG dG Gd

.dG Ia d UN QGUGh OGf AfG b ge bJh jL g e H J

.bh

RGHEH Gh dG gH jCGQ e? jdG HdG gGG

gG G GH eYEG gEG U g dO cCGh ,eh VGh e Y dG j dN eh g

dN e OJh QaCG b Jh jNBG J Y dG OQCG dh ,dG Lj SCa dGh IOG fCG M .aGG H e

.jdH UN Lj

c GHEG Y IQOb IdG g jCGH?dP c ?G

GHEG j c dG hCG IdG hCG L Y J dCa d aJ IjdG IdGh GHEa ,H

.aCG j C OdG

? M AGQh e jGg dG a Jh fS G .J aJh G Gg SGQdG d d dG dGh ,GjdG dGh Kh h aCG J Y KM dG IjdG JdGh ,IG g UGe JQe NCG N e egG j .dG ad Sh .ATCG H dG Y jdGh jH bEGh

.jdGh

?MWh JeCG Free lancer `c G dG CGHCGh JCG CG gGeh JbW SCGh .dG Y

.dG Gg UN L e j j CG eCG

.aGG H

? dG c fCG d iAGj bh ,U jGH QGe c dd ,MCG QdG d d Ta d aGdG g IOGQEG Ibh dG j

.dG S G Y cdGh ,Y

dW jGg

fEG GQhCG

dG FY : d

d Id eHhCG GQH Ra EG a LQ e J CG ,j H e gCG H aS e H Y j jaCH c U VGh G e jQa dG d jh hjh HG qa ?Gh Njh jeCG L ojh ke jdG SFH Rjh HfG

.dG IOH H ,jeCG IG gh ,kL hd bEG jG a GQdG fdG Y LQ ibCG Y qHj CG EG c c e e Le a jZ LQ j c ?jdG dG G Gg keCe f e bh eCG .dG j S fEG ?Vh j c HdG hdG H EG CdG eHhCG GQH PSCG CG d :HH bh ,HCG dG SFdG Sc

.ffb d OdG e Oj S hCG ebEG Ie Af MdG ddG GQH PSCd j S e Gg .GG hCG GhGG S kFH hCG IQY SQM hCG (jRd) cJ FS j CH d S c GPEGh p pnrdG nGnP roou nof nh lOoboQ r ognh kX nrj nCG roo n r nnh{ Y S FdGh edG dCG IedG jdG HdG hdG H c d eHhCG

IMGh kIe !G S z p n udG nGnPnh gh dG ASDhQ eeCG d dG dhO ibCGh cCG SFQ EG G LGh dG dGh dG edG j Fg YHh

!G S .jeCG IG jdG FQ fC ;bG g e hJjh gdG qM e j h FQ h Fb h jRh FHBG dh kGb S e dG dG Gd djh G AHBGh jaCG UCGh OSCG fd jeCG j dG ObGh jhdG IdG Je Hh ,eCGh dhdG MGh OdG pob qJ :d dj ,e HG eh a HG a EGh ,e GcCGh M e b a U c e dG cGdG SCG dG Gg j IMGh kaoO .fdG fdG Y NCGh hCG QGdGh ASDhQ qjh eM jh SFdG SGG Qjh jh eCj jeCG SfdG eCG j CG EG dG bO e ch Qa e

.bdGh IhdGh AdG jh

G Gg fJ a ,HQ Qb mH AGY G MCGh ,Y Vj FQ Y IM jh ,j jdG a dhO Y Z GPEGh HCG e S c d Gh( :Y G VQ G H Y b eCG ?)jeCG( SFQ EG eHhCG GQH H Uh dG bGdG iG Ggh e eCG qh h ,OhH Fb G d aM Le eDe d e a OSCG e Gg Sh ,)H aG qdd kM jM eGbCG dG GH aj G EG{ :j Sh Y G U f S :bh Y bCG e a OSCG e gh iHCG HG H Y

.zjNBG H jh

NCGh CGdG AGHEGh cQG G FYEGh gGe jJh fEG GMG e SEG dJ H J CG hO J jeCG UCG BG bh z roc nrJnCG p s G n pY r o ne nrcnCG spEG GoanQ nn pd n pFn nbnh kHo oT rocnr n nLnh nfoCG nh mnc nP ue ocn rn nN sfpEG oSsdG ntjnCG nj{ :J b .Y e SG fe

.)kGQGMCG JeCG Jdh bh SdG SG e( :Y bh zG SCc SGS SdG{ :Sh Y G U

SQe je j CG gMCG W dh ,HdG OdG H Sch NWh LSh Lb j eHhCG GQH AeRh GNEG EG.dCG hC jB jeCG SFH eHhCG GQH Ra EGh ,QdG Ubh ,QeCG FYh ,QdGh jdG dd FGHG

( (

24

.HQ H UdG HCGh H jR M b g dN HGh ,Sh Y G U dG H jR ,jN IdG NCG HG g UdG HCa .LhRh gP .j dG ch ,jb GTCG e LQ gh ,dG b Sh Y G U dG EG UdG HCG d a .idG HG jR hJCG CG jQCG :d bh G U dG Njh .fPCSCG M aCG :dG AL dN HG :d jh jR Y Sh Y

? d kLhR VJ a SG cP bh .HGh Lh qMa

d ,HdG H UdG HCG jR LhJh .dG a .eeCG h Y e CGh .jb M b CGJ kf UCGh . dG H M Ic e CGH K LhR Lh OY Mh kGae UdG HCG c H Y :d da ,S e Y Na .SCG Jh jR gfa .cJh a .Y N d g :a .SCG fCGh kf HCG H d :J gh

?khCG JNCG

.IY e .H IN e aCG Jh .kHGc HCG c eh .HCG ucoC c e :d db eCG SCG d .Mh dh .eCG OdG qfEG ,)dW HCG H Y( Y HG SCGh ,JNEG SCGh jU SCGh .)Y H Y( Y HG SCGh

.)jdG H HCG(

.eb qN Gdj CG SdG MCG fCG eCG :a b K . HCG eh .Lhd kAVQEG FHBH ch rEG Qj eh :da ?Q qbh QY a :d M G Y YCG LhR fCG dh ?fCG QYCG

.S 20 d H ahh.Y QJ

ga ,IdG AL K .c Y UdG HCG Xh SQ j :dbh Sh Y G U dG EG jR U dG a .LhR e HCG rCG PCJCG..G

.OhCGh LhR e HCG :Sh Y G

CG UdG HCG Q qbh ,QH IhZ KM rCG EG Xh Qj LhR .jb L U d j :Jh a .dG g J jR fch .gHCG dh a T J j e NCG qEG dG Qjh HdG H UdG HCG jh .HCG aCG hCG H UdG HCG nSrDoa cG Jh ,QH IhZ a GPeh :jR Ca , QNCG gJh ,HdG . kGT a .G fG :d a ?HCG .M SCG :Gda ?LhR a GPeh :dCS K

jd j h .LhR AGa SQCG :da eCG Y a ,LhR H J kK kT dG SQCGh ,gQU H ujoJ fc dG SQ EG HdG H UdG HCG T e kdL dG ch .Sh Y G U G Y iCGQ Mh ,iSCG jh jdG j

?e AGa Gg :CS jN IdG

a .HdG H UdG HCG AGa Gg :Gdb :bh f K .jN Y Gg :bh dG kGU P e LdG Gg qEG..SdG jCG dEG GhOJ rCG b gh ?SCG a a YCa .G SQ j f Gda ?gY

:d b K ,dG dG b K .jN Y WJ jd b J K ?QQSCG CG d g UdG HCG j :d eCG G qEG UdG HCG j :d bh kfL H EG OOQ a ,ach e H n uaoCG rCG

?HG .f :a

GHCG Y UdG HCG J jR LNh :da .MGQ qEG :gBGQ M d a , e dh ,S dG fCG d :b ?jCG EG :b ? :da .HCG EG MS fCG .HCG EG LQa .Hh H jd :a ? p roJh aGJ CG d a :da

.

.jG EG gPh HGh gdh NCa 6 ie Y ej G CGHh dEG Oj rCG eCG Y aJ fch ,GS b UdG HCG c GS 6 Hh .LhR S AKCGh ,dG EG e e aH N H Y Ca .HdG e Y j dCa ,dG GPBG b HH Wh jR .kHQg L H :b ?ke LCG :JCGQ M . :a ?oJ rCG EG d a :da kMe .dG HH kMe .J a :db

.eeCGh Y HCH

,dG IU G dG qCG CG Hh LCG b :G NBG e JCj H GPEG S g :dG a .HdG H UdG HCG

?S e G SQ j f :Gdb

Ha oH EG UdG HCG qEG G SQ j :jR db .G SQ j JLCG bh ddG HCa b rEGh dG SdG jCG j :bh .Sh Y G U dG ba KM LdG Gg qEGh .kGU P e LdG Gg qEG dEG GhOJ CG b Ea . qaa Yhh ba HCG oEGh .EG MCG Ga ,H EG Oj cJ CGh de

.Y edCG h d Gh dEG eCa

:dG a .G SQ j de f H :SdG a H Y dEG gP K .jR j LCG e fLCG b HCG qfEGh dN HG qfEa Ge ecCG jR j :d bh

.d j qfEa ,Hj dh ,dG

.G SQ j f da UdG HCG j :HdG H UdG HC dbh Na .e Jh roJ rCG EG d g .bGa Y gCG EG dUh Yh .e EG OYh de NCGh . :b d H g dGeCG g SdG jCG :bh bh e .AadG MCG ah kGN G GL :Gda ?AT SQ kG CGh G EG dEG CG TCG qEa :b j :bh dG EG LJh kGa jG NO K .G CG TCG bCG L dGh eCH JLCG G SQ

.G SQ fCGh G EG dEG

:HdG H UdG HCG bh dG NCa ?jR LGQCG rCG PCJ g G SQ j dG Wh jR H Y bhh .e J :bh rCG fPCj dG AL dN HG qEG jR j :bh

.HGh Lh qMCa ?J a LGj

.jR Je bGdG g e S H qCG jdGh G SQ SdG iCGQ M kGjT AH ga Y e G SQ j Gh :d a ,Y jh Y .jR e e S H eh .jR H fdG WCG

J H e bCG!!LdG Z LQh AdG Z Af

(2004 S - dN hY PSCG c e)

26

Uc WUM~ tLbu U tHR

WH~ tUH~ bc WOLM duD tHOMB

WOHdF WUD WOHdF WUD

UuKF rOUH tUu tU Uc 5uu* s

eG sd9 s d b Uc WOLM WF

adG OM

bMN bF U rJ UbB% gCJ h ,jG cCG HJ PEG ,aG MdG j ja K QHG jd j ,VdG YhQ h ,IdG KGM h ,GHEG dUCH dG j M HdG JGN h jNBG f IQSH fE ,dG Gd { adG OM { YJ gQhH dG zdG GHEG cT{ H OJ e Gg h ,YG Y

.H AT c d c H kjW J d fa AGG e J :jJ j PEG ,dG Lf e IOSd MOdG dY h

Wu* Uc ndF _ U u rOUH w UO_ s bd u IQ Uc qUFU Uc

dH wU U pK W~UU* v w UG UF tO

UdH vK bLF w

UO{U YU UUO{Ud u w bF UG u

UJ uUJ u

dH oU vK WU WU0 UODF* c _ UL tK UF q??IFU UuK* s dO s eO9 U dGB cM VK dN s UMEH hA bz u tM qF& qIF u Uc UNO U0 _ UL tK UF UNG UNOK UH( tUOR s tU v tC cM l WOUJ UM 5 uN* UA uCH eH WU?? F Uc WUM~ U dF t tFL* tHM U U WOKU U e d

w Uc vK ULKF lL VOd bOKI rOKF Ud s UG ` UMF bN' l W s Uc

nUN r bd bM~ r U l [email protected] wU bd d tKD UJ s WOU* p vK qBb bF UJ l b rU WK WId Wb vK qB

uuJ c qU( rB

WObM OJA ld U qzU w dO UG qLA

UNUJ WbMN

Wb UJ u~fU)UU WOb u~ UJ vK u

UI U UO oKD

dOJH Uc U UwU'

W{u WLd UJ q uu* qzU* UG_ q s UU dO

uB W v U q rIM u W vK UJ u

XuJ lu dAMK dJH b WdXu~ 13146 UHB 28589 22404852 fU 22404883 22404854 nU

e-mail: [email protected] - www.ebdaastore.comwdJ dAK

M CGb e h .. L h L e

28H

, QGSGh eCG fEd aj dG G g WdG jh jM a SQ CG j dG dG gh Y Jj WdG d aj e Y AHh , bM Y Y dGh Y adGh d AdH gG LGh

. jJ WGG H dG EG dG e IYO if g eh LdG Y dhO IOS d fCGh TG g M , jdG YdGh dG GdG Y H , aCG FGdG EG dG hO WdG e j da dG Y dGh jdG AbEG dHh , jOCGh

. SdG YLGh ObGh SS c Y IQY g WdG a , Kh WJQG H Jjh NCG j e AL c , WdG cQCG j a EGh NCG Y AL f CG fGdG e Y Y J cQCG gh , FGLCGh

. H bdG W Jh , J dG eSG jdG Y SSCG j eSEG c jdG SdG ac Y j dG SSCG g jda , dEG ff GPG idG fdG gh , bdGh eGh. NCG hO cQ hG fL Y j eT S

SDj jO fa SS dh jO c Gh SEG MEGh dGh jGh OG e d a SdG IMdG SCG Y dhdG ebCG e e ,G a UCG CGe iQdG CGe L a , IdGh c H dGh SdG H IGhGh CGdG jM ch

. SLCG eMCG AL a , ObG SSCG jCG g SEGh Qh AGTh H e , dG eG FS d dd eG H d Vhh , cGdGh bdG SCGh Ggh , HdG e Gh fEH J dG eG LG hdG e c G if M dG gf e , eSG ObG G G jeG SCGQ Y LGj dG jObG eRd M OjE dh a

. dG dG ddG G AH c d d SEG AL GNCGh J MCG e H eh YLG bdG Vjh , e bdG g Y Mh , IGh MdGh SH jOCGh FGdG fc e jG G Gg jJ LG M EG YOh , GQc Gfc Gh jdGh H feCa , Y OT H , iNG fjO e QL c Gh IG

Gfc Gh SdG H IGhGh dG gCG . SLCG hCG jOCG e

, LQG bdG EG aVEH Gg H jCG dP j eSG jda iNCG hdG e edG SS d H dG Oe Va IQhG Gh GMGh OdGh bJGh Gh

.QG bGdG Y j eSG jdG dH dUG YLG SQGh Y dG e a , SdG dGh J dCe jdG G f H XCG e iOa g e G f a Mh OdH CG YLG EG j CG j a dHh , G e AL g fEG , SdH U GP j CG EG jCG Hb , dhdG SS Y jdG d a G J M { AdG MG b ch

. { G T a

a SdH dG bd dH eCG e da , H jdG bY Y J JJ , e J e dZ jdG MdG jdG eG , d fc dG dG Y , e dh e a a eSG eT Y dSQ g eSG jda eh eR d dU gh , fGG c . SdGh OLd c ah , , e H UN fb g dG fbh fEd g eSG jdG fb H jObGh SdG fGa , Y H hCG L c jCG d d YLGh

. jO dGh FdG aQ SEG G c , MG Y MC a a , H dGh Y , SGS SEG jGQ a L , dP Z hCG e , Y hCG Yh SEG dhO d J M d

. gG LGh

Y g fe HG WGG EG Y MGdG dG OGaCG H dG fjdG hCG gG hCG dG hCG dG SSCG g jdGh , Wd AfG j M , YL H eDj dG jdGh IdG e SEGh , EG SSCG Y e Y H d WGd G Gg M OGaCG GMG Y SEG a , dG H JjMh bM IYGeh eCG g G , jOh fd Y

.QGSGh

MdG Y gdG Y jOf

, . , h

,

SGZh eG H hCG cH FdG G

.O 100 IFG eh HdG

30H ZCG cH d c Y bJ dG Gb H d ,IOQdG L K Jh , bQG Zd H T LQ KJh QdG QGT L d dG ILCG J ,AdG NdG IdG ah dG HQ h ,IOhdH J j CG j CG , aG Gf j dG e jh JYfG KDjh LGe jh a , Gh IdG h GdH R dG Ye ,a MGdG d c ,UN a h SW IQJ h cGY j YS .. e IM a CH dbCG CG OQCG e , eeCG d gj J UG GY NJ G GMCG h HQCG dG e a , Le d a dh ,GG jL a fG dGh IHdG QeCGh AdG QOGH j IOhdG h , ffEG bY CGh , IOhdG g e ad H hCG jH d

a fe H ej f G g f CSGh YLG IQaf EG fG

?H Kj LQG AGS d HPL b a ????? dG iS UNh dG AY hj ch LEH hCG dH eh NG hdG KCJ h dG QdG b H dG edG e UQdG AdG j H dG cH j e dG Wh QdG ZdG Y%3 LdG e cCG%8 ICGG Y KDj ddG h dG eCG EG a FdG dG ICGG IQb YLG JQG g h OLe a YLG ISCG AH SMEGh YLG HGhdG jJh J h IMdG T e dG h WGG R h EG dG QaCGh jcdG J OWCG G fb ah HS fC QN MG ATCG H J N SCGh G FGQ icP iS G dG h FGdG jcdG h MdG EG d FGQ Ua c f fCG h

jdG h jdG h AdG OGOJ HdG CH SGQdG J c dL dG CH CG ZdG Yh jG GG be EG NG dP Lj h AdG d cCG AGdG IdG UCa a bG h bEG h G Ea Gd jaCG dP ifh J M YWh T h fEG Y KCJ d c

: dG KCG a dG e SCf dG dG

dG TCG e zIc YLzEG cd IOG jG jhOCG gJ aQ J PEG ,edG Y gKCJ e M a fJ hdG{ e dGSCG YCG AWCG KK dEG gP e c S dP K M h GNDe :!: .d LdH GJ ahG gGdG CG jW eR e SGQdG LQ a GG J QhO fJhdG Ad j RGaEG CG EG AdG N bh . SG AdG TCG N j (fJ hdG) dG TCG X c Jj d AdGh TCG b ,JQGM TGh QdG dG j M SG GVG GDj

. G ceCG e cCG cG h dG aGdG iMEG e dH QaEG a NG CGh AdG e kGc kc e Nj h HG e bCG AdG dG fh aGG H HGdG M iJ CG Y c H KDJ dG CHh fEG LCG CG f h jdG dG OdG hCG G AGS dG dG Y G AdG VQCG H f CH e fC G b h e IG Y YJ cCG TQ h H G dG fCa dG Y J a jNBG Hh H aG G d jN Vh f a JjRJ h fGdCG h SJ H dc M fCH h SJ J CG EG Y SEH CGa Y IgX c S h FGhO e JOS h ag W N a T hO JOGQEG h dDhJ VY e QdG hO dH j d UG YLG hdG g dG a jdG Y dG HU CG jGhdG HG IdG Me hJ Y hCG dG Y d hCG HdG Y JKCG h JGP Y fG e dfG ae hJ OhM SJ gH FOdG dG IOQ EG

Y MG dhO d LG SdG dG QeCG a d H G J NCG fGb YGQ MJ YO NG YGe dG h YdG eMCG J bh Me h G d :IgdG fH dM c jJ Hh HdG Jh dG CGd G SG SQG SG edG h hdG Ge e eCG aCG gh IH IN ad UdG Se h QGH EG jJ a IN c d J CG h GG iMCG e LGh EG hCG d GU GMh EG IG J hM SQ Jh T c bO YGe J V fG GPEG cCG gh REG e aGhdG jRJ YGe jG SCG e h dG f h IG GgCG h bGdG h OM a YHCG dG G REG h IdG QWEH Mh dG AdG h VH LQG GWCG NJ e j L d jN J CG EG Y e gHh e dG SQ jh JM jGhR c CG CH dG bG h eCG hQ h REG gc gJ h MS LGS e eG VGh W D Qf AGHG h dG IG fCH YG h Sf W aNJ J CG VQCG cMh dG c c h dG UCG f Y h Jh IjL bfH a CG CG G d EG fa a J dG G e hJ h Jc J IOdG HfRh G HhY h IG Meh YJQGh FU EG fCGh Ad SCGQ aQCG SW UG J W aGL T G PEH dN VQCHh IH h d IOhH h UGY h cGdG h RdG e jdGh h jdG fCG G f

f aGL jN GY S GRe PEG IG fK H :Me

c FGO T e j AGdG RdG GQcdG

dG a

.O 75 IFG eh HdG SGZh eG H dG cH FdG G

32H

( e hY d fCG dG GhJ CG OBG H j dEG YCG G)

dG Y OBG G N e Fb HEG G hYh OBG H H Gh , Gh SEG hY fCG d Vhh , dG IOY Y fJh HdG jBG fQ dG jW EG jjh OBG H j CH HEG J ga , L e LNCG h MQ e OWh G a , SGh HCa HEG EG d GhS FG a

. jh dG jh SEG Y j IdG e EG V CG gh dG IOY dG g eh OdGh j GOY gS gJh kSW d GYNGh dG GfCH dEG Hj kdEG fh kGOe ( G hY ) HEG e GhJG b fEG : dG Y g a

.VQ jh Oh H ddG ) G GhQJ K ( UdG ) Y OG hCG dG CGH fCG a HdG IdG g jGHh QX Y NQDG NG ? GOdG g LJ jCG I IOdG g NGh , 1291 Y jdG U egh , 1118 Y dG hG GVd dG JCfCG jdG ( dG Sa ) H Y Lh c ( e) h , GdjG (OSV) eh , fjH (ONA) c dG d fdG G J CGHh iNCG Ie X SCd dh , edG e G OY Qjh 1966 S ) fG( MdG OdG gdG SCG a kL G NCG fC idG edG gh (dG c) h , jeCG (S

... jaEGh HQhCGh jeCG ha dh , GY dCG 50 d! eU

: Y j dGh edG dG iMEG JOQhCG dG G GH gCG a jdG dhO ) d jfdG SQGG iMEG dG IY e Ia 30 g CG HdG IQGRh dhDe cCG (

. gY cGj fCG dH hjh fCG e aj jdG gGeh HT EG fLCG e dG dG Uh b g dG dN IOd G Mh G CH dGh , JUh FSCGh HHQh gdCG G MJh IdG J Y j HdG IdG g Y f dh

.. LdG dG e H PYCGh , IOdG dG Y ,QdGh adG Mh gh , c

eRdG a jH

, j fC gNDjh dYCG LDj e c

MCG h YCG a j d JCj CG ) G dG j( j? G dG Gg g e

,AG j b dP Z hCG FY hCG de hCG Y QeCG e j ZT Y dh dG dP J fCa , e h a Ze j fG. h J OJ fdG Zeh

e e j G dG dP gP EG H , d jf dG fdG g e g hCG e CH e Zh jCG aU gP j G dG a QOb fCH Jh YCG H b GP G ej J g CG H , a Gg dh , b e M EG b Y aJ a ae QaCGh

. HSCG hCG jCG b e J CG Y T e GP ej J CG Y QfG c Y eCG dh M , GHCG aOj d dG Gg CG Y e eG dG J j S fC dG j ( G dG ) dG EG

. eCG Wh DhdGh G EG b Lj H , bGdG VQCG Y d OLh ( G dG ) Gg C , qJh

Y Y hT

MG HdG eG

eG H ddG cH FdG G .O 50 IFG eh HdG SGZh

34H

Y gGMEG fc K T IQfEG Y WGN cCG aZ dL c H d , jdG a fCG fC Q J d gAWEG Qa AfG Th e J YdG H d fG LQCG :J fCch WJ fCG MCG d cJ ,fhQh Jb ec fCGh JfCG dG jCG J cJ ddG H c H ,QhO fG dJ ddG a ,a FV Y YG dG dG ?j QgORGh dG c eY jcJ g , Jh UNEG e d a e ,LG J Y ASG FJ EG AdG Y IMGh GJ gG IDdDdG c dG G dG cJ GdH ? bhCG g Y aCG eH BG ,adG X jDhdG J fC EG MG d fS dG Qb eb Uh Y bh FV Vh S ch T GP Qa dGh fdH QT HfG gYh INCG h hCG d d e gJ a U FdG T UCGh HGP M FbO EG g eh WCG CG eQCG fEG , HCG EG YGOh h YGOh Jh YOJ fCch JOY Z Y gJh dH AdG Gg Hj eh FHCG LCG e Jh gAY CH d

. MQ H dG efCG j h S IjY

g UCG c , WG dG JEGh dGh NCG Q Lh FOe V gCG eh dM IjY ce J f LQNh NGO jOh Whh VYh deh eO GOe G UCGh , dGh bdG e dG eSEG Y dG VGe e c T h , HZ H Y UCG c , HZ AH e UCG a , HdG Wh ALQCG dGh dG OG fG d , , dGh FdGh jdc cCG e jd X H , dG jc UCG dG dc S UCG JM jdhCG CG a SSCG fCG f fL c , dGh H IQe hO UCG ,IG fGc UCG c FdG Gdc H Qf dG fL dh dG AfCG H G fCGh KSGh NU f BGh ,SCG e a e H eSEG JQc IQM e eh adG , Y d H f CG fC S d SCd , BG H f e hCG h jh eh Qf UCG g ? SdG fG GP , e SQa e UCG a , GdGReh dY GS a , gJ f UCG H , dG G g jW Y WGH Yj GUCG H iOJ g , G g H GLeh W M QX EG dG a Uh d , gGe c MCG Ia h gGe c MCG bdH MCG iJ HGdG YdG J a , jO ADg e gCGh fdJh bh JGOY dj e c Gf UCGh LQdG d G GdG J SG d , fG IT e dG EG J CG LGM OJh gM e J fY OJ H RH iJ H QGdH hCG UCG , fOf Jh dY d NBG J e VJ UCGh , jg fGd dG id OLG WdG dGh IG dY

Y H Oe H b H jg H Wh H jO H gc fc fh, Z e cCG j CG GdG J e c g JHdG jhGQ

dG c

Y d e c ?,Le Q

HdG c

H (

N e SQeCG IOY d JH dG edG bJ jCG hQCG e VjQ, G e Hhg G jQdG G GdG MdG GfCG e fh VjdG GfCG MCc dGh dG bdG Qgh Qd dG Y e e EG M , NGdG jdG VQG Y JLh a FGa S d CG QYHh Gh jdG EG jdG e MH dG Gg dG Qa G RaG Gh T G jQG dG e GSCG H JCG M Lh eY dH T ch dG OdGh dG EG IOYh, Gg NdG j ALQ Y c GSCG MCG Y a IAGdG e cCd dG IQdG Vhh fK dG eCa G

.G Gg NdG j ALdG f

NGH Ib Lh G NO eY hQCG dh FGQ IQY f RJ FS cd Hheh jS FdG Nj HdGh dG Gg c CG a , YdGh FdG e fG dG Y eO dS jCG e YCG h jh QU NGO G NdG XCG ,G H Y HG MdG EG cGQ dhgh N Y hgCG La NdG f JAGb YCGh H MG gCGj AGdG CG hCG HWdG e e Q f GP.. NdG Y e a LJ Gh H T IG g f NBG EG Hc Th dG NH J TGdGh QgdG H jU SCG GGGh NOG dh QdG dG EG NO h , bG b jdG XCG QG EG hgCG f Lhh dG ALdG Y c a LJ Q f.. HQ j gfCG dG cQH Mj dG T h NJ M cCG Sj Q dG EG gd G e NBG EG S e dGh NdG e dGh G ddG fCS AGdG jh IQdG jjCHh QdG dG e Y LCG H PEGh fCS GPEG G VjQ SQ VjdG gg M f hCG IdGdG W jWCG bhjh dG Tj ISCG OGaCG c dCG d IdG FdG g EG GhfG hCG , fdG g j fCch dG h H h S M dG G OYCS GPEG G Vjd j GSa UCG AGdG CG XCG , LQCG NO jd jCG hCG Gg e dh Lj Gb Y aG UGh Nj dGh e fG GdG H MH aSGh RdG TGh Y Sc NS f LQG h NJ dG MG Lj Y Gge NO FGQ TG H PGh dG Sc e JQG GHh Y J efH La Nj UTG H jdG JHTh HT Y j f j H GPGh dG eGh NGO NdG FGH TG d NdG Y Geh QT jd Nj

jQ H GPeh GP hDG e OJ dh , dGh FdG Y Gh Gh bdG Sh gG YdG j dG SJG cLQG Qb e a hG g NG G G eG dh YOQh NG H QGb QUG G Gg bhG G SG GHGh GQG Y cS Q MG b TS Q YdG JS Q dG AGdG f fYO dG Gg dGh NdG NdG cGh RdGh FGGh dG fYG c TGh dM e LS Q NdG GQdGh GSGh SQGG

NG Zh Nd

QG Sj S

MG HdG eG

36

Gf

f dGYdGY

37 JC dG OdG Y QJ dG eG cQT

HdG HdG SGZ e eG IFG HQGh GQG e jbd WdG SGZ h

jdG eL dW c EG d edG dG hCG jQdG gG hCG UG eG iMEG hCG

dG

G Hc ge jdh

b CG bj ... dCJ e de SQCG Y ja aK SS OcCG HW YLG(

)NBG CG hCG jO

: cQG hT Ye dG J CG

.edG dG H Jh HdG dH dG J CG bQCGh eGh dG SG( JdG Y ee dG e aj

)UGdG

[email protected] G G Y dG SQEG : cQd [email protected] hCG

c 20 e jdG d WdG OG e e FGG SG e G OdG IFdG Y j , jdH jdG eL SdG

eG

: eG FGG HQGh

`` J`` F`` L ```` ```` HQGh ... Q``````````aCG ````````fG

.O 100 hCG cG

:jYH FGG

.O 75 dG cG .O 50 ddG cG

38H

dG dhCG dG e Yf g c .G dG g dG h OYG SfCG MCG ZG iMCH hCG MCG e JM OYG J ej jOY e iQCG CfCG j cCG VG Vd.edG

:GDdG Gg jCGQ g Qe b fCG h j g c GPEG 3 La aG e dH cQ hjj h G bGh UTCG Th Yh je RY dhCG .aG j fCG dG dG g dGh G Y jY T g ddG h jCG e J CG J c h fCG hCG cP c AGS

g dG RdG ICGG NG j OdG fEG ?a MGh T NG Y Lj c GPEG J S dG a !jCG e j G|e IL Ua g h JM fCG jCG e j fC dG NG j OdG fEG .jdG a JM TY b fEG e G M Y dG fEG j .OYG dG g Gg .GO Gj b UdG g a GPEG fC G NCG j OdG fEG .dEG G Od Gg EG UdG a G dG EG ff GPEG e d h .jd dG GQG H Qj CG Y Lj h QNG f j CG j J jJ c d dG jdG dG e gJ fCG h G EG RdG j c dG EG IQdG Je J :g h CG GG

.OYG dG h G dG g Gg .e d e dG h OYG dG Ic LGM g dh G dG LGM CG hCG Ob Lj fG Mf fEa d ff GPEG

?IM jH fEG j GP d h. HLEG aCG g G J e HLEG H j dG.MGh BG T c jj dG fEG QhdG e cM J h O dG OdG e fCG Qf CG SG GPEG. (IQdG dG g ) jd e j CG jj fC g HLEG

.aCG ATCG Y f CG f fCa G Y h AdG Y h OYG dG .OYG J He G dG j edG dYCG fG CG fK jH HS gb dG QeCG f CG f dG G VhCGh OdG e f Qj CG j a !H G Oj dG QeCG h j CG j dG QeCG f Oj fEG j h fL FG M G h OdGh OGYEG j CG h OdG dG Ob e Qj CG fEG Yj G J dh . jd e CG SG fEG GPEG fG fTG HdG ddG .G dG HS b c g h CG K SCG h fK jH dCG EG e GPEG .j e EG Gj CG He jd e Gcj CG j jdG SdG e dGh dG CG f . e aCG Y j fEa Ob e fCG GhQM :g h CG d ebCG CG jQCG f G h .IM lo knllo nnnjH hj fCG g dGh ?dP M dG g

. JM AGS fG0hS h G

Se

3

39

??Fe cCG CG ch ??DhdG g e ej fCG dCS a..Id Gh FG fG Yh ..DhdG Y S e Gc

, oGHCG oUJ eY lHjEG lIf gh ,e mQaCGh Ye Y ISh,jL MGQ EG QJ oKh VdH NGO lQT g DhdG EG.MG Jh ,eCG oJh

lFGQh , G M Af CG lL g a , jNBG IOS Sa mL d lQOeh oW e Y ce ,fO lS FG fEG EG. ofC I oW gh HQ ojH Vfh ,dG GJ eY Af CG

DhdG H j d aQGdG IOdG pX Cf C jW g eRCG bh dDhJ EG )H Y mX m oM Y fCG( f d Y G b .AdG h pG e H S H

eMCG c J jHdG e G h Ib h S cCG fCGh e J a ...SGhIM S h eGbCG J GPEG SCJ a g dG a ..dG jf g ATCG jf CG J h ...JU fc e MGh d c Y MQ h...MGh T

...Y iJ e c jL M jGH QfG dM e CG hMh dN M Y dG h MdG Z AGdG a GQTCG Y H AGdG EG aJ

Y SCJh Oj d a eCG Y ...dG ja...Mjh bGQhCG j S dG c GPEG h dG jj a...V eCG c GPEG fEG L Z e H MG h MGQ a dG fh e GAL j M G Y Of b fMCG J ha j e GPEG dh e GAL CG ha jdG d Aj e GPEG h f fh.. Y Of M G bj fMCG dG gLh dM CGh fJ CG Ic ATCG IG CG Y Ha...TejCG X AJ CG Ic

AdG b e LCGh efCG VG jCG e LCG GNCGh dG jCG e LCGh S fCG IVG jCG

e g CG IG e LCG h JCJ fCG JCS..IG dh ....FGO Fa

dG jHdG c

.. . gQeCG ch MGhQCGh dY Sd d G dfG jT... Gh hdGh dG jO .. dG jO.. SEG

..... d gOS hMCS Ic SC MGH.. eSEG MCG GP LhN Hh, EG SdG bG gh jPCG Y Mh jYH eCG dCGh H gG a eCG AMCG N CG e SEd M b CGH c OHGh e G PJGh IdH Lh fh Y Y aMCG c Y c eYh HJh J H edCG Id Y e edGh dG jCG dG e c dch, dGh IdG aCG Y G N aCG JhH Mh GG Y dG

.H he T ch VGh fc jg h ahe fcQCG L p pd oS n pd nh oI s prdG p s p nh ) IjY C, d b hCG fe hCG e T cG dh h Y NG h QNG QGO N..e.. fCG fCG nI nc sdG GoJrDoj nh nI n sdG G o poj nh nA nn oM nj udG ond n p p r o n s G Gh oorn pd spEG Gho peoCG nenh )) fPEH IY fCGh (( n on rnj n n p pano rG s pnd nh n p perD or pd nh X c QLCGh YCGh, (( p nYnO G nPpEG p G sdG nI n rYnO o pLoCG lj p nb upE na u nY pOn pY nndnC nS G nPpEG nh )) IMh d GHCG fCGh(( p nu nrdG oj pO n pd nPnh H SG Gh QSG JSG Gh SG HQ dS Gh fPEH a SG b hCG H CNCG Gh G PEH IQe FNCGh

.... KZCG EG Pa H WMCG jCGh . j Y fS IdG Q HQ eh M Hh H dG KhCG e gh eSEG MCG c

.. Yh EGh bh Y jeSEG MCG Hd M e MGH

g Y

e

e d..jL Hh ..FdGh G e jh..GMG h OdG e bH ..d jgCG..QdG MCH ..QS MQCG fEG h..GHCG b Od j NG Ea NG c a..LG AdG dHh..gGh cQT

... adG h OGdG d h G CSCG...cQGh MGbH QOj e H MdG c. QjG g : IG

: dG hdG jdG `Y UGdG Lj MGbG h QSd h [email protected]

: a .. QhZ J .. MCG c .. KM c .. b j

MGL ZH .. fCa .. H aCG CG h .. MCG CG M UJ h .. Z d J .. `c .. eg ZH ..

g .. T J .. dP eh .. j H e .. JOS Y JOS KDJ .. J c NGH

.. SCGh J .. e EG YCG h .. Gj d j h .. JG h J .. e CGh e J

e .. e fCGh e fCa .. G IMh EG H .. eGMGh .. LEG d bCG CG EG j .. eMGh

..b j jdG h dG c e d

, f h KG h T h fS e TC bdG g bG

dG ASG d h , GMG h OdG c e d h bh d Qe , jdG h dG c d eCG : BG bh fG d h JfS dG dGh , h S

h jJ a MG SS Y-jdG c.O , Y j eG Y-VdG S.O , J

gGd J h Yd eGMG h T Y dG , GQe h fY fc dG ddG e , HdG , TG GT G TG h HG bG G

CH J QGHG , dG c bGeh Jbh jg fCG h ,JMGbG f ch MbG c je , IQe

d hCG QOG fc dG G S AdGh dG e dG jG h GT dG e ADg d .. dG

.j e a gcP Y JcGP J

HCG fO .. NBG Y gPG .. SdH CGHG M bT h .. SMEG fG QdG g d h .. a

bdG QGdG a LG d .. fdG Y ba d e cJCG ..

.. d bQdG J Y SQCG

.. a j e LCG.. LeCG h GdCG NCG

.. a g aCG d.. GjL T LCG d

.. GdCG H.. W LCG d

..fedG QL HCG.. e LCG d

.. d CGj h j.. Ia LCG d

.. jj J.. GRY W LCG d

.. Y dG e H.. J GdCH dG JGP LCG d

.. f T G h.. cGTCG LCG dP H d

.. eb eJ CG hO gYCG.. fMCG d LCG d

.. jQGJ GdG gGQGh b.. GQf e iQCG d

.. dd X j.. VH j Ld TG c

.. dZ j d TG c.. GRGL LCG GdCG H d.. bH dZ j pMG h

.. GAV MJ CG b IG JfG c.. HZ H dG pfMG c h

.. bYG pY e j MCG.. jQGL dCG INBG QGdG d

QjG gYLG dG c

e .. AGdG VQG e .. SdG VQG e L cQe Y J .. IdG OH

YG QG ZU .. Ye efCG e NG e ... d GH IKDe QS kSGf H gCG .. a e T HCG

FLQCG j

bdH CGh q ``H MCG TGa d

GQhdGh e WCG .. G H JCG TGa d

IgR `d IgRZCG a bCGh

T Y dG SQCG TGa djXdG

jNBG b EG MdG `` pNOCGhfdG MhCG gGdG fGdCH TGa d

WCG f LCG TGa dfMj

cjj

dG SQCG .. dG Sf HCGeBGh

H TCG .. adG AdG MCGdG AGdG

ceCG Z QhRCG h .. QfCG a MCGG

MCG , g e k GH WCG TGa dedG TCGh aCG k dY

UCGh , MCG e QGH MCG TGa de CH Gfc dh d

hG hGj H dhdG j AGg d

hJh JCJ HS dHQO V e QO Aj Qf e gh d

dG q OHCG / `d Qf e gh djNBG b

jd G ` pTQCG Qf e gh ddG

42YG e

. jL b c gH qWCGhdG Y AdG q HC T d

dG dEG jh Ojh J T db d h

M eh .. AdG `qjj b ddG jh b j .. d j e

Jh MCG hO .. jQCG e QhRCG M dS ee LC .. fEG c Pj M dGMCG hQCG HCGh gG hQCG SQCG M d

jdG j k M UCG dAGM jQL IOQh d

AGh dG FGZA q` ``Z jM YhQe AGM jQL

AL e c Jge `d jALQCG q` `jh dG e j

d TCG e Y j Y de MQCG

gQGH HCGGgP jCG d k Y cCG

bQaCG Ae / U fbQj h

eCG Iaf dSdG L e j

e hQCG IadG `J e hjAdG bQR Y J aU IHh .. AGN J hj

AdH k Gq `e k be k GZ hjATCG e bC .. YdG d

G WCGh IOdG Y bCGdH TCG

IOdG JCG dG qUCG

H ZCGd MG c dG `J e `d IOdH SC .. YdG d

e dH HCGh .. MCG e e L d OYC . . . Lh Y bOdG dG a JQG d OYCG . . .

IOdG LC a b N ! ... d. JOY k jW L eR e gH `d OYC

a Md dH j dH TCG

GdCG iQCG .fdG Xj

LCG cCG CG jj l c. aj gGQCGh

.. IYT dcCG hG SQ JCG

GOG `eCG daCG H dG LCG d

. QS k ehO cQTCG `dh .. c b j Y qYCG ``d ,, k GNCG

.. d ] c b Y q cCG dT HCG U a

e e ddG QNG e dG M FGdG Yd FGQ Ib dH Jb dG M h GHG e cJCG ,SdG c

e

`Lii Q` ej a LdG V

`e `fZh hdG NG Ze`dGii `Je S fG QOG fG

`Nii bhH e dG b dG ehc g d dG H J SdG

Gii cS hGdG H N ch`dGhii QdGh hYdG JM Y

Q`M `jdG `J `e dGhh`jii `e dGh d VY`bii Z Y dG N HhP

fdHii J Th HQ d WG j`dgii `a G `N b MGh e`eii `dH e G e`b `Y dGh Uh ee UdG`jii `Y Y dG b GhQ`Yii `jh `d Qhj N b G

`ii edGh cj Gj dGUii a b G Y H dGhdGii LQ e G HL e c G

`fGii G`J b G Z HGh

43 YG e

44

.. jcdG dCG YGJ Gj.. dG cG d

.. jdG eCG Y ZCG NCG h Y ZCG.. IAGH e jOQh MCG W Y iQCG

.. H EG dG e.. fdG LCG e .. eCG Sh J eCH e FOg IM

.. N .. Y .. Z .. Ja .. lOa .. Mh

.. AjbCG b e V .. jG bGdG j .. Md hd dH kgCG h d kYGOh

.. dG dG IFe eCG W aG h TJ Ma.. j jG M h dH GYG

S```b ````j .. SCj h V Qe jd IQhG SG h QdG eCG LCa

.. kTG ojJ kGQf .. dG Qf TCa dG LM cGh.. QShCG FGL TJ M .. b dH T jJ cGh

.. kGjW hCG kb hCG kGSCG eEG GMCG jQS U hCG Y.. MH NGH e Y aCa .. dG SCG

!.. dG M .. j e SG h aQa MG QU e IQU LG

.. G QGG aGf J CG eCG Y.. G h G f a eCG e kGL a

.. kGU kU UG h jG M j Ta.. HhdG IT Z d dh M eQCa

.. HdG eGdG GQhCG bJ fc .. kjN fc.. M kGOYh fc .. dH kM fc

.. dG Lh GYG Lf e..AdG Y QGUEGh .. eCH dG Y Gh Sd LH

.. HCd J CG b jhe IT Y d.. kGY IKG a AGLCG e H e Y d

!.. IZ kGU.. eHG jH eO jGH .. jdG HbG

.. dG AYR j.. QN h QNG .. jdG HbG

YG e

.. Y Ue e lQb.. J OJ T QT fH fa

!?.. J g d.. H jdG fG h b GMCG dG jCG HJ

.. J M J OJ dG dG bJ h QZ ZQ h .. FbO H jCG Q h e gDe S EG g e

.. QdG Ib h jCG.. J l T Ya

.. dG h dG J iNCG dG Y

.. IZ kGU .. kGU .. kGa HdG c ~ dG Q

IjL cQe .. jhH T Y J .. T h Ajc H d MJ dCG h .. e Me .. jOdG HdG G e

.. d h d J .. ddj JQf h .. T j

SS fCG d

H fG Sd hSCG c fG

fG SCG c hSGdG aGQ dG fGG hO Z h

SGfG e ShOCG dG fGdG h gG JhY fGShQ HT d dG fG

T e SGQ SCG c dG fG

H Sd fG h

jhH T

jOdG HdG G

jdG jG / OGYEG : hCG Iaf

dG ge Y dCS eY b QGf j G SCGQ IQe e g fCG dj hG K jG e FGLh k `ch kIbh G kN TGh

.NG

, dG YCG e N fCG, dj WGdG Sh SCGh GeCGh WCG e QdG W d fCGh

. dG H EG OY K , gdG

HQ Qc Y NO fCG j jG Afh dh ,gFX Y HYh ,gT e a , TGT Y jQ Jh, WGYh gQGSCH

QWh ML gh,

bb , AT sCG j CG dG CH ke eDhCG p J eO , Ff mIjL GeCG eQ AKCG eCG jS Y lW c dSQ , FH m a ! IgR pH Y G aGh TGa M hCG , ef

jGhQ hCG , dg Me j b fCH dc eDhCG HN M hCG ,Ib k UbCG hCG ,eZ

.. oG AjdG c Y gGe

G kjJ hCG , ZCG hCG ,G kf j b fCH eDhCG kjCG!! a ke M hCG , QTCG a Y kMU

IdG RGhH dG h qWCj jdG dCG e d b G d j jdG hCG , jdG jOedG hCG , jG jdG IdGh dG Fb d ,aH Jc j fCG O T c Lj

.. HK mRh Y bGj h

, IjY mQHCG GP , Y ffEG H , dG ,J ka dG , FMEGh gYh gM

, a l Md , oe le , Ze l bQ G dG d EG d n d , T lUh j CG d , edG ffEG YG e . YCG hCG , kHY , kdjG , kSQa , kjg

SGdG OYG J hj CG MCG e jQCG ! bYG Y G kMCG LCG dHh , Gg

Gg ec j CG MCG e jQCG , dch SGdG dG hQG Y O fCG Y , HOCG jdG qG Y hJ hCG , d dh , jdGh gH ljL nGdG CG iQCG fCa

.. Sf H J l de

S qjh , ebCG QKBG j CG OGQCG a CG OGQCG eh , dP a Gh FdG f

.. dP a jj dG jdH G kT j

, f CG g , LCG dGh , gCG QG .. UGf CG , f CG

: IcGdG Y Iaf dG TCG I qa pASCH J OCG IcGP , HOCG ZdG YHCGh GQdG YqWh ,gGcP q oNh OCGh dG jOe Oa

: QgRCG LCG d f ASCG J e

OCG GAa e jL mAa dG f PSCG gh , YG OGhQ e e mFGQ eh

: adG OU e

S jj aGdG OU e PSCG dh K JOT f h FGHG SQG NOh 1880 QT IY bCG OdG fG j V UCG fPEG He VG Gg e N h jS Uh M Y H eY Y jj VG X h IQH S a b h Y e KdG EG

edG J aGdG j h .Ff c a dP e .FGHG IOdG e cCG Y Cj a jdG eRG IOGQEG UCG e aGdG TG EGh ,jW IG Vh dG dH f Y h ,OLG h H f NCG h eY Vh aQ aK j CG SG M H

.je h Y AHOG e hG dG

VSGh ,SdG dG J EG VG VG M Y Y PEG ,INGdG HCG Y

.a MCGh YSG

egG c h 1900 S HOG JM CGHh IY QUCG b h Mh dG EG ae jGdG K AGLCG KK aGdG GjO e jT jhGhO YEG T d h GdG SG fGjO QUG WdG h dG AYR H MQ h HOCG ShCG

.G dP e

SG h G WY M Qhj T e c h H Ye JU h UN fe d j CG Ge N h bT e h jRQdG L AGT h GMH AGdG ADg H M h .gZ h KdG H b j fG ZQ ec HOCG GYG

.H Y e

Y fG a dG Ge jW j h Mh c TCG eh , jdG HdG EG dG OQdG GQhCG , dG jM , MCG dG , dG

GMCG FSQh

d je e TdG KG j aGdG aJ.keY 57 gj Y Y G 1937

G Y Iaf e VGYEGh AG LGJ dG HdG d EG dG ga , d Kj mH Ja , FHCG

! X HdG dG d QGOCGh dG e gZ G Y fh gGMEG S HOCG faGf dG dG HdG GOG H PfEG hd

.. QKfG Y ThCG . CGdG V : aCG

. YOG : gGG

Y UdG Gg jh , G : G - H j , G dG j a , dG

G JG dG

.MdH dGh dG : jG dG

dG : G e cCj CG dG cCj jh , GG : dG

. GG G

) Jh fS G b bh , dG : UG( UN H c dh fCG Y hKDj

OCGh dG Y aGf 46

47Pr

ess

rele

ase

1st InterMedia Basketball Tournament

,,,Hh W je fR IQhO aEG da d G fjdGh Gh dG e jd jQGh jQG Q dG jH Lf CG Of NEG da H G d RjEG JM Y fh 2008 - dG IH YEGh YEG cd hCG (Zenithmedia)

.M G (A.I.S) dG ceCG SQG 28^11^2008 G Z j e kAe 6:00 YdG dPh IQhdG

.(Zenithmedia) je fd CG cdG Publicis Groupe Media ,M Ff d H CGH b c hCG dG CH dG e G e dH (jdH je fR dch e Y G) c gGHEG H e d .IAA k ,cH e d c gJ

.HGh eQCG IQH dPh eYEG gdG dcd dG FdG fM H MG hQ Y U bO bdH

He

dH j kJ .. QaCG N e fG K .. eeCG dG H h .. eCdG LG IQcG FGG iMEG Y dH bh zJ LCG{ Y HLEd Jc M fG K .. IQG

:QfH a ..

IG EG Y dG SQEG Y .. cQH ```ZJ ```.JG bQCGh dGh cQd KdG SG e

.jfdGh gGh eG dd HG :Me.HG cQG eG GQ j -

.Ie L c 8 Y dG jj -

G ASCG :[email protected]

GZJdG jd GPd H Of Y e e jJ

```j``````f ``` ``` ``` b ````` FG````` L``````````J ```K```K `````````aC

48

.O 20 ddG cG .O 30 dG cG .O 40 hCG cG : jYH FGG

: hCG cG #

a.. i```jh I```G G```WCG ```HPJjdG Lh

rK oKD UWOd WOK

: dG cG #

??QS e..QGdG H.. OG HG j ?QdG ja CG G ja

ULH w U WOd WOK

: 135 OdGHe IFdG dG

:cQG dG

: ddG cG #

ShG SHdc jb c.. G c fdG -d J M .. H

WFL' rU U1

cCa IQG```H h HJdG ```JhQ Y ```NG -Mh fd j gY YGHEH

QX ```e Hh ```gQ G```HEGh ```Y RG```J -jZ AT

ULK buKF tOKXuJ tFU

G kFb c .. IG e -d G kFb c ..!SdG e J

kbGh c .. kFW J dIB fO qbW uKF wOK

JAd KEG fhJh Jb - YG e dG j EG

bO( qOK dtuU

j hO M Nj h - J hO Y UCG j fCG eG

dLA tKb UDK UFb tdOtOd WOK

```jG ```aPJ ... ```fdH ```M ```j ```e - HdG

bOd tLU

thats life ,, some people pull and some push ,, but in the end theres some one who is

controllingw{uF rOd dU WOU WOd WOK

fe NCG OOJ a... G c IG -rOd bL dd%W uK WOK

SOb g g -wLF bL uWuU WKd* w WU

.. da ae j Jb TG e - dOD* `KB uN

aCG J nS ndG GdCGh TCH fdG ```f t o J -MCG H

5U uL .duKF WOKXuJ WFU

jG i```h ***O```Lh ````d ```f i``` -GYG `d

dOD* uL UHXuJ tFUuKF tOK

dH G CG SdG H M GPEG - wd bO fd WOK

ffEG ```dG b VjQ :G```db G ```fEG ```b GPEG -Mh Gdb

CN Y adG e c CG j jdG GdG -bF UN b nODK b UMWOFU' UM WOK

dG EG UdG OQCG GPEG g H G Y aa

UBM bN WB XuJ WFU WOd WOK

GZJdG jd GPd H Of Y GRdG QV jJ

49

50eGMRS

```LhR GQ````e N

.... SG ... Q ```j

``d`````L NLdG IH fd UN efH

``````U N

!GLh ?GDS

dG jf : OGYEG

51

IdG e J eY G IU H OhCh d AYd jj aJ Ja g dh kL Gh jdGdh a e jh Lhdh d UN AYO j CG IOdG e , !!! ??? ... c ! ? ..... YGdG g jh IdG eEG g hdG fCG c IG g dh , FGQh jOOJ fCGh

??? ... c YGdG Y Of AYO e K JU J eY GPEa f EG ASCG MCH Y Ofh LhR hCG a HCG j hCG H jOf e c j c ! ? e AH jQCG : d bh SH jOf Y dRe fCG h dEG LhR JCS gY eG , IdG H h IdG IOS W H d b h Y fGh j N bh e NCG : M h bQh Gg e LhR j S kW ? FbO kW : j h j S d ! .. dG

! .... iNCG j aQG h H j eG

: bh AYd fP ZGh LhR fP h HfP ZCG dG ` . GeCGh e AMCG eDG h eDG

G LhR RQCG h G OY RQG dG `` .O Y MCG e LGh

GHCG c Y aG h LhR RQG dG ``. jW G c LG h bRQ

hY c HG h LhR Y T c HG dG `` . LhR e QZ h SMh

c e MCG h LhR Y WG dG ``.M h g c h Ve

HG h OY NG e LhR LG dG ``. dG e h dG Y

U CG h d U LhR LG dG `` . FHC

fG h LhR EG dG dG g Y h T Y eHG h Y

:b h G h G F.LhR H EG j b LG dG `

. LhR iS iJ Y LG dG ` eN dN LhR LG dG `

.LhR YG h dG Y HG dG `

. LhR LhR M Y fH YCG LG dG ``

. G LhR bRQG INBHh Y b h b c e TCG fCG dG ` SG( a L fC T Y d

f e ) . . CG ` LhR ) . . CG( a TCG TCG dG `

. f h b iS SG h GS iQCG LG dG ` CG Y b h Z G h JU

. LhR EG fEG Me( gdGh e OhCG LG dG `

.) G CG bG ..... gdGh jh fj OhCG LG dG `

. Q j fj h fPh SDHh ah g h T c HG dG `

. OY MCG e LGh Y LhR FGM bG h FYO SG dG ` Lhd U LhR cCG CG g h LMh

. e

de h LhR S LG dG ` . OhCG h Hh

Q j ..... Q j .... Q j .... Q j fCH j LG f LhR EG fG K HQ: d b K d e T dJ S

. j

a IOQ g e bCG dh bJCS fCG g fCS fC , e a e H LhR e c kW G EG Y cOhOQ dP aCG CG SCG S LhdG kW .......... , ......... , ....... H fCG dh ..... QGYCGh SCG OS LhR a hMh HLh J d bCG kWh JOd G aCG LhR fCGh LhHh H ac jGQO Y LhR c e jdG g d SG jdHh aCG Y d SG bdG QNG

. f

LhR d IS LhR IH J e

````LhR GQ```e

.... SG ... Q ```j

52eGMRS``d````L

LdG IH jd UN efH

: Me j gh SCG c IMGh Ie efdG Gg SQ G Y jj M kY kJ IdG J Y jh eY H IdG d jh SGhdG

. IQdGh dG IdG

: ITdH IdG J : hCG IG - Lh Y G e b Vh AGQd T aQG ITa eSG K , H eG K Gd cJGh jH JH H ebh LdG d UN SGhdG dGREG Y Yj dP Ea N jFGO

. G jG e dGh

YEH Ld QH Y : fdG IG - :jdG

f EG f H Vh NS Ae H AYh MG VYh Lh Z K , QadG jR e

.FbO 10 : 5 I NdG AG Qd Lh : J c : ddG IG -

CG jh FbO 5 : 3 I J c eSG . e Z W dG j

: AGOdG ShDhdG dGREG : HGdG IG - AGOdG ShDhdG jH ebh kGL Lh L e Jh Lh Oj CG b dh LH IOLG

LdG : Ld Se b : eG IG -

Ld Se Y e H GG g c H H e QGG j Y + QOhH M e jh K j M hCG YS f I LdG Y Rjh

. Ja A j : IdG WJ : SOdG IG -

We e IaGh c V IdG WJ IOYE . Ld jFGO jH N dJ Y e Se

53

JFefhH SdG HQT

: jOG - he H Ic M 1 ` QR jR Ic e 2 `

. ehe AGN IHc c 1 2 ` She K a 2 ` . e QH + c + OSCG a + e ` H SY c 1 `

. U fhe c 1 ` WW e Ic Ye 4 `

: dG jW - . IHdG HJ M kGL QGG bh AGG IHdG VCG K , gP dG j M bh dGh dG VCGh Qb jdG V `

j M cJGh bO 20 I j YO K AG e GcCG 4 VCG K WdG eh GQdG ,dG ,dG , G K SdG VCG ` . SdG

.FbO 10 I AhH J HQdG cJGh fhG VCG ` . G Gh dG Y e ebh HQdG AYh QGG V K `

(dG dG) SdG : G jOe : jOG -

G Se Sc c 1 ` .) Ib M( e RQCG c 3 4 ` he c 1 4 ` Yf he H U M `

.cc + e QH + OSG a + e `

:WdG U jOe - Yf ehe Se WW M ` WW e IY 1 `

jR Ic e ` OSG a + e ` . f IU e ` he K a `

: dG jW - . SdG ZaCG K , j M cCG FbO 3 I fGh GL RQCG ZG `

. GL dG bh cdGh QdGh dGh Gh dGh dG VCG K W RQCG V ` e cJ M jf EG SdG ( dGh RQCG H SdG MG `

.)RQCG AGS IOjd YOh dGh Gh ehG WdG h WdG e Qb V : G ` hCG bO 40 I Se Qf Y j YOh IG SdG SG K j

. SdGh RQCG j CG EG K gP fd j M bh dG VCGh jdG S IU Ie ` bh SdG EG dGh dG VCG K kGL bh G dG VCG

. AhH. Y G SGh dG W SdG V b FbO H `

dGh dHh

54eGMRS``U

!GLh ?GDS

c gGh jYQ EG jQdG g dh ... dG jQdH Y J G fCG dG SCG e jdG jd eCG e c dd , dG .... SQGh HdGh dG G e CGh CG c J dGh G SCG H Y cQCG CG a dd HLEG d J

. d Y J CG Lh Y??? SCG SJ e W c

Yfh ,dG Yfh ch , SCG W SdG hM EG ODJ dG SCG cJ dch , SdG hMh WCG cGJ Y YJ dG e dG SCa dG IOjR Y Yj Ggh , SCH dG jH dG IOjR Y j ddG LhdG hP dG ,SdH HUEG hM Y jdG c IOjR a dG Yf dH eCG , SdG jJ Y Yjh SCG j dG O ea e dG QdG Y G G eh e ee Lh dG j CG jh , dGh dGh dG OLe gh ,HUh

. dG QdH JhdGh GQgHdGh jdG

: ??? dG HdG g e e Ic HSCGh , Sd e OG Vd f dG V g dG Hd e kYf HG H CG fh ,fGG Th QdG jQh jdGh dGh HJCG JdG H CG f dch ,dG Gg hJ e dGh eRCG hM M GPEG EG dG Lh DhYEGh dG fCW Gh , dG fG e dP j dG eCG jdG

.jHdG eRCG AKCG N

??? W Y dG eS e jcCJ c ,Y e Y SOdG dG Mh JOh e g dG Y dG c dG IdG e Jh gU Y J CH W OH gU G bGJ CG HC IdG g Nh C dG LG Y gU j GPEa Y H SG cJ CG hCG j AT JJh , dG dG j dd GUCd HSG jd d dG V WCG dGh d G cG Y dH HGh dG d LdG dG jYdG

.kSSCG kGQhO CG a J

??? dG J cdG iM g bdG e Ic H G h , G RGJ kGL QhV SSCG AGZ cdG cG d Sh dG AGQh dG gQYG h ,Ic cM WCG EG M dG SJdGh ddGh JhdGh gdGh GQgHdGh G Y fC , VG hCG S jd jdG WCd IQV d h , dG f d kjQhV kGY j

. dH

.jdG eGH e QdG DhHCG j e

??? G QNCG e fQU f c WN jH IOSdG Vh f NG G NGO WCG d Vj dG QNCG e Vh FSh eh , hG kjCG QNCG eh , IOSh hO dG j CG j Gdh AHdG a J j AHdG W dh , WCG he Y H e jdG jhOCG HCG , b dG dG M dh ,dd G SdG AdH

.WCG he Y jG GGh Gh

??? dG Y j FGdG dG dJ g M ,jdGdG EG GMCG e Lj WdG VGeCG MCH dG HUEG dG EG ,jd dG Y QX EG ODJ , dJ H WG hGh d WG dG CG S dCG Q J H dG eCG dG dG g jdGd f gCa dd

.VGhh

d dH e g a QaEG Lh j U ???

WCd UNh f j jGd egh jQhV QaEG Lh M c e J CG jh ,OGh cG FGO fEG M cCdG j fG c , Hh , gZ hCG He hCG L jhSh , He IQhH( FGHG ) SQG hCG fG ae Y SGQdG Me WCG eCG ,e IOLG LdG hd dG Y IQdG Y g KCJ d QaEG CG T a (cCa GS 6 )

.jd SGQdG dG

??? WCG Y ISCd FdG dG KCJ e kWYh kf Ie Z FY hX j jdG WCG dG OGM ZGh dG d J dG OGd VY fj bdG C , kFY He IM j WC dGh QGSd SSCG keY J INCGh CGh CH AHCd IG GQGSG cCG bdG g J CG W ATh ,IOdGh dG

.dG AHCG J c

??? SQG JLGh e U j GP e dG Ggh SQG LGdG Y e U j b YCa ,LGdG d IYe dh f IYe EG fG H AT Y GPEG H dGh ke JNCG e gG fDJ h , IYH j LG H Mh AdG Y J h , , IR LQO Y dM Y H aGh , AT CNG GPEG IH IOe a HU jd CG LGdG M e dG S j bh SGQO e J CG cQh AdG Gg Me a e

. e j M IOG g

dG qQS :d jhJ

,JGQb pVGS hG CG h QG CG EG LH G oj .. JOS j e JOS cJCG Gd ,eGdG YGOhh qffEG b qdG Y GQdG g S H

h OGRT | ``f``dG ```````` qjOGR```dG ```````dG }

:OGRT oJ e kGjh ,? jQdG adG MG SGe Y jQGdG qjCG kej dAJ g! e kej cJ aBG Y dP G , a T ,IdG H SGYCG e iL

.. kM pAf IS SY( IdG H b e eSEG jQJ SY SGe dG d MCS G VQ jNh , dGh IdG Y G SQ HEG ,) AGg qdG Wa G gCG

.Y G VQ Gh G G T GS IdGhh, Y? dP e cCG mT CG

fh M mIa S oY nSGe fc c QJ CG p o g ioJ j ? SEG feh

! kGH QaCG NCJ... q SCGh kgP h eh kfGYR Y J hCG G HH oh kGjM nJ a

.aGWCG L e MdG Fe kcQ oe kH S oY c H ,! SdG eR ch OdG cQ -Y G VQ-AGgdG CG jQGdG jCG H , YCG e dG GaQ bh HdG LQ c e N eh , SQdG S HCG H Y e LhdG Y G Uh M HdG Af adG GW H WMCGh UdG Yh , bj NO H kMa AdG CG dc cPh , Y G VQ dW

. Sh Y G U dG dG YO dG FdG bCGh HdG H Gjd -Sh Y G U SdG GOh bh

jd jM kLoe b { JBG M fG qY j {

b LhdG dj fEG NBG j CG Oj c dGh IdG Y SdG g. Y dG ZEG

:kFb Y NO gH

{ Wa j pj Jg , qY j j g {Yj CGHh H a jdG Vhh

dG ,b EG SdG MCGh NCG Ggh , b EG SdG MCGh HG g EG dG { { N H LGh Y QHh d QH

: OOoj CG d bh Wa SCGQ Y Vhh qY j NCG K { d oN e Nh gN dCSCG CG dG {

: bh qY EG dG K dG H M eh Sh Y G U dG bh. { cQ oJ CG J. G YOSG, kGN WH UhCG qY j {

.. `````````fBG M c c pjCGQCG ,?SY d SEG Af TCG Wa fc c pjCGQCG

? c cQ oe mH MEG j c pjCGQCG ,? aaR

.. `````````fBG GHG IRQ oeh Ig le d pS oY d J CG oJ g fCWh IOeh UGJ d CG ? MdG Voj h j e

? oMh QGSGh

.. `````````fBG GQJ e J , pSY d M o ,IFGQ c , SoG GhdG SD MG oG gdG Sj jJJ Fe mH oJ kM LhdG IOda jdH gJ e mYH h ,G Lh Y gdG j J qSe SH h ,dCG J gdG jJh cQ jJ QSCG mfH h , SfCG

! Se mfGJ bh Y H

.. `````````fBG ,dH J J dG IOG LhdG IOdG Y H JJ dG e LGhdG aGdG f J EG ,FdGh ,dGh ,dG dG Y : o mIUCG

.ObGh ,YLGh ,dGh ,MhdGh .Jh f a ,JBGeh ,f NBG CH j la dMEG fH CGJ dG jdG e G cJh S a J h ,jhS lcH Y J NPH

! MhQ

: pN MdG Qdh ,IFGQ , o ,dC oe c!dG cQOCG eY ,oG dG Y OGRT Sh

:jG eg Y LhdG Y NOh adG d S e : NdG cQ a Yj , cQ e mIU AGOCG Lhd hdG eeEG

kFb e bRQG dG , q d QHh , gCG e QH dG H ah N G nL e H LG dG , e bRQGh

. N G ba GPEG

dc j gHh , bRQ e dG Lh, dG L dG , G H

kGHCG lT j , dP ldh H j CG Qb K

OGRT jM55

56eG ccG ASCG :OGYEG

eRd jc GSd j dG RL IK NGO OLG AG - dG

W 7 e cC M H e bQh CG W -

eCG SG e cCG jQGM GS j G Ea dG AKCG - jdG

keY 50 gY ij CG H EG QK J dG IT -

QT jd d dG MdG G g dG GQhCH dG G -

YdG QY G j dG MdG cdG g IgdG cc - ICGG H J kFGO dG cdG g ,, G Sh

dG adG Y e CG hCG IdG e aCG dG -cdGh

G L jN e Ye de QdG FL e -

e kGL j c )She e T e( jO dGh - GdG

G hj DdDdG -

J CG J dh ,, dG J CG IdG J -

GP j MCG h iU d d dG U -

OQdG c

dG Jh jdGh N Jh U fCGh J eY :: cGTCG J h

ch QOb fCGh jLY gh dEG J eY

OQdG c QGh jdG T Jh e c QgdG Jh QGdG H jJ dG :: cGTCG J h

QGZ GHCG J h Mh H d c e h

OQdG c gR J dG QZ eh N VQCH SJ dG

cGTCG J hQL J h IG Y g WCG Jh

OQdG c HH dG jJh hdG Jh f g H dG J dG cGTCG J h

Qf e bGe dH Jh dG ehH J

OQdG cWCG d J Y Aeh GG M GT J dG

cGTCG J h S J jPdh NCG hO d

57Wb -1

jhb -2

hQb -3

SdG -4

b -5

b -6

b -7

Qb -8

b -9

dG b -10

b -11

jb -12

b -13

jb -14

AGb -15

b -16

b -17

Gb -18

b -19

b -20

HLEG

CGJ CG hM dG H ddG JjY Jee f OdG Gg

: H ddG SCG Y JHLEG L

? eSEG G HEG dfCG jeCG dhdG UY -1

? dG IH cCG -2

? VQCG QGHh H G N dG Y Se b e LQ -3

? eG dKh dGh IdG Y dG ie , HdG UGdG e -4

? MhdG UY HdG G hO e -5

adH e j , VGeCG J , LCG Y W IM -6

? FGdG

? edG FGdG G e -7

e c 300 e cCG e jG YS J edG UGG e -8

?YdG

? YGQR gh HG e Jh U H j -9

e j M Y Y jh QeCG S bS , jW f -10

? dG

? Y ibCGh fEG L Y gCG -11

? FGdG ATCG j d a Y -12

? GMGh aM CGj h Gc j T -13

? dG j dG G j -14

? IdG Y SdG bf SG -15

? Y j S 100 -16

? j cdG GdH j jdG e MCG -17

? SCG Sb IMh -18

? e gh AdG j T -19

? fSG j dG SG -20

G S [email protected]

b g 58

..

..