º. 1301-54: ¡“μ√∞“πª√–°Õ∫°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫Õ“§“√‡æ ËÕμ â“π∑“π ...subsites.dpt.go.th/edocument/images/pdf/sd_work/1301_54.pdf · ¡¬º.

¡¬º. 1301-54: ¡“μ√∞“πª√–°Õ∫°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫Õ“§“√‡æ◊ËÕμâ“π∑“π°“√ —Ëπ –‡∑◊Õπ¢Õß·ºàπ¥‘π‰À« Àπâ“∑’Ë 1

¡¬º. 1301-54

¡“μ√∞“πª√–°Õ∫°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫Õ“§“√‡æ◊ËÕμâ“π∑“π°“√ —Ëπ –‡∑◊Õπ¢Õß·ºàπ¥‘π‰À«

à«π∑’Ë 1 ¢Õ∫¢à“¬

1.1 ¡“μ√∞“πª√–°Õ∫°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫Õ“§“√‡æ◊ËÕμâ“π∑“π°“√ —Ëπ –‡∑◊Õπ¢Õß·ºàπ¥‘π‰À«π’È‡ªìπ¢âÕ°”Àπ¥

‡æ‘Ë¡‡μ‘¡®“° °Æ°√–∑√«ß°”Àπ¥°“√√—∫πÈ”Àπ—° §«“¡μâ“π∑“π §«“¡§ß∑π¢ÕßÕ“§“√·≈–æ◊Èπ¥‘π∑’Ë√Õß√—∫

Õ“§“√„π°“√μâ“π∑“π·√ß —Ëπ –‡∑◊Õπ¢Õß·ºàπ¥‘π‰À« æ.». 2550 ÕÕ°μ“¡§«“¡„πæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—μ‘§«∫§ÿ¡

Õ“§“√ æ.». 2522 ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫·≈–§”π«≥‚§√ß √â“ßÕ“§“√§«∫§ÿ¡μ“¡°Æ°√–∑√«ß ¡’§«“¡¡—Ëß§ß

·¢Áß·√ß·≈–ª≈Õ¥¿—¬

1.2 ¢âÕ°”Àπ¥„π¡“μ√∞“ππ’È‰¡à§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡∂÷ßß“π°àÕ √â“ß∂ππ –æ“π ‡¢◊ËÕπ Õÿ‚¡ß§å·≈–ß“π°àÕ √â“ß

Õ“§“√™—Ë«§√“«

1.3 ¢âÕ°”Àπ¥‡°’Ë¬«°—∫≈—°…≥–·≈–√Ÿª∑√ß¢Õß‚§√ß √â“ß‡ªìπ¢âÕ°”Àπ¥ ”À√—∫°“√®”·π°Õ“§“√

μ“¡≈—°…≥–·≈–√Ÿª∑√ß¢ÕßÕ“§“√ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√°”Àπ¥√Ÿª∑√ß¢ÕßÕ“§“√„π°Æ°√–∑√«ß

1.4 ¢âÕ°”Àπ¥°“√‡ √‘¡‡À≈Á°¢Õß‚§√ßμâ“π·√ß¥—¥∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡Àπ’¬«®”°—¥„π à«π∑’Ë 4 ‡ªìπ¢âÕ°”Àπ¥¢—ÈπμË”

”À√—∫°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫‚§√ß √â“ßÕ“§“√§«∫§ÿ¡μ“¡°Æ°√–∑√«ß∑’Ë„™â‚§√ßμâ“π·√ß¥—¥‡ªìπ‚§√ß √â“ßμâ“π·√ß

¥â“π¢â“ß ·≈–‡ªìπ¢âÕ°”Àπ¥∑’ËπÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ®“°¢âÕ°”Àπ¥§Õπ°√’μ‡ √‘¡‡À≈Á°∑—Ë«‰ª

1.5 ¢âÕ°”Àπ¥°“√‡ √‘¡‡À≈Á°¢Õß‚§√ßμâ“π·√ß¥—¥∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡Àπ’¬«®”°—¥„π à«π∑’Ë 4 ‰¡à§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡∂÷ßÕß§å

Õ“§“√∑’Ë‰¡à√–∫ÿ„Àâ‡ªìπ à«π¢Õß√–∫∫√—∫·√ß¥â“π¢â“ß (Members not Designated as Part of the Lateral-

Force - Resisting System) ¬°‡«âπ·ºàπæ◊Èπ Õß∑“ß·∫∫‰√â§“π∑’Ë‰¡à‡ªìπ à«π¢Õß√–∫∫√—∫·√ß¥â“π¢â“ß

∑’ËºŸâÕÕ°·∫∫®–μâÕßªØ‘∫—μ‘μ“¡¢âÕ 4.7.4 ·≈– 4.8 μ“¡¡“μ√∞“ππ’È¥â«¬

1.6 À“°‰¡à‰¥â¡’°“√√–∫ÿ‡ªìπÕ¬à“ßÕ◊Ëπ·≈â« °“√√«¡πÈ”Àπ—°∫√√∑ÿ° (Load Combinations) „π¡“μ√∞“ππ’È

„Àâ‡ªìπ‰ªμ“¡°Æ°√–∑√«ß©∫—∫∑’Ë 6 (æ.». 2527) ÕÕ°μ“¡§«“¡„πæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—μ‘§«∫§ÿ¡Õ“§“√ æ.». 2522

‚¥¬„Àâ·∑πº≈¢Õß·√ß≈¡¥â«¬·√ß·ºàπ¥‘π‰À«μ“¡°Æ°√–∑√«ß

1.7 ¢âÕ°”Àπ¥°“√‡ √‘¡‡À≈Á°¢Õß‚§√ßμâ“π·√ß¥—¥∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡Àπ’¬«®”°—¥„π∫√‘‡«≥‡ΩÑ“√–«—ßÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬

„ÀâªØ‘∫—μ‘μ“¡¢âÕ 4.4 ·≈–À“°Õß§åÕ“§“√‡ªìπ·ºàπæ◊Èπ Õß∑“ß·∫∫‰√â§“π®–μâÕßªØ‘∫—μ‘μ“¡¢âÕ 4.8

μ“¡¡“μ√∞“ππ’È¥â«¬

1.8 ¡“μ√∞“ππ’È„™âÀπà«¬ SI (International System Units) ‡ªìπÀ≈—°·≈–¡’Àπà«¬‡¡μ√‘°°”°—∫„π«ß‡≈Á∫

μàÕ∑â“¬ ‚¥¬°“√·ª≈ßÀπà«¬¢Õß·√ß„™â 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡·√ß‡∑à“°—∫ 9.806 π‘«μ—π

Àπâ“∑’Ë 2 ¡¬º. 1301-54: ¡“μ√∞“πª√–°Õ∫°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫Õ“§“√‡æ◊ËÕμâ“π∑“π°“√ —Ëπ –‡∑◊Õπ¢Õß·ºàπ¥‘π‰À«

à«π∑’Ë 2 π‘¬“¡·≈– —≠≈—°…≥å

2. 1 π‘¬“¡

ç°Æ°√–∑√«ßé À¡“¬∂÷ß °Æ°√–∑√«ß°”Àπ¥°“√√—∫πÈ”Àπ—° §«“¡μâ“π∑“π §«“¡§ß∑π¢ÕßÕ“§“√·≈–

æ◊Èπ¥‘π∑’Ë√Õß√—∫Õ“§“√„π°“√μâ“π∑“π·√ß —Ëπ –‡∑◊Õπ¢Õß·ºàπ¥‘π‰À« æ.». 2550 ÕÕ°μ“¡§«“¡„π

æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—μ‘§«∫§ÿ¡Õ“§“√ æ.». 2522

ç°”·æß√—∫·√ß‡©◊Õπ (Shear Wall)é À¡“¬∂÷ß °”·æß∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫„Àâμâ“π·√ß¥â“π¢â“ß∑’Ë¢π“π°—∫

√–π“∫¢Õßμ—«°”·æß

ç‚§√ß·°ß·πß (Braced Frame)é À¡“¬∂÷ß √–∫∫∑’Ë„™â‚§√ß¢âÕÀ¡ÿπ„π√–π“∫¥‘Ëß∑”Àπâ“∑’Ëμâ“π·√ß¥â“π¢â“ß

‚¥¬√Õ¬μàÕ‡ªìπ‰¥â∑—Èß·∫∫μ√ß»Ÿπ¬åÀ√◊Õ‡¬◊ÈÕß»Ÿπ¬å

ç‚§√ßμâ“π·√ß¥—¥ (Moment-Resisting Frame)é À¡“¬∂÷ß ‚§√ß∑’Ë¡’Õß§åÕ“§“√·≈–√Õ¬μàÕ´÷Ëß “¡“√∂

μâ“π·√ß‚¥¬°“√¥—¥‡ªìπÀ≈—°

ç‚§√ßμâ“π·√ß¥—¥∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡Àπ’¬« (Ductile Moment-Resisting Frame)é À¡“¬∂÷ß ‚§√ßμâ“π·√ß¥—¥

¢ÕßÕ“§“√∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫°“√®—¥√–∫∫‚§√ß √â“ß∑’Ë¥’ ¡’°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°“√«‘∫—μ‘‡™‘ß¥—¥ (Flexural Failure)

‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π§“π‡ªìπ ”§—≠ ‚¥¬™‘Èπ à«π∑—Èß‡ “·≈–§“π¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂¥â“π§«“¡‡Àπ’¬«‡™‘ß‚§âß (Curvature

Ductility Capacity) ≥ μ”·Àπàß∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥°“√«‘∫—μ‘‰¡àπâÕ¬°«à“ 20

ç‚§√ßμâ“π·√ß¥—¥∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡Àπ’¬«®”°—¥ (Ductile Moment-Resisting Frame with Limited Ductility)é

À¡“¬∂÷ß ‚§√ßμâ“π·√ß¥—¥∑’Ë¡’√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥°“√‡ √‘¡‡À≈Á°‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ‚§√ß √â“ß¡’§«“¡‡Àπ’¬«®”°—¥

‚¥¬√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥°“√‡ √‘¡‡À≈Á°¢Õß‚§√ßμâ“π·√ß¥—¥§Õπ°√’μ‡ √‘¡‡À≈Á°∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡Àπ’¬«¥—ß°≈à“«„Àâ‡ªìπ‰ª

μ“¡ à«π∑’Ë 4 ¢Õß¡“μ√∞“ππ’È

ç‚§√ß √â“ß≈—°…≥–‰¡à ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ (Irregular Structure)é À¡“¬∂÷ß ‚§√ß √â“ß∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‰¡àμàÕ‡π◊ËÕß

∑“ß°“¬¿“æ¢Õß√Ÿª∑√ß ≈—°…≥–‚§√ß √â“ß ·≈–¡«≈„π·π«√“∫À√◊Õ„π·π«¥‘ËßÀ√◊Õ§«“¡‰¡àμàÕ‡π◊ËÕß„π

√–∫∫μâ“π·√ß¥â“π¢â“ßÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ μ“¡√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥∑’Ë√–∫ÿ„π¢âÕ 3.1

ç‚§√ß √â“ß≈—°…≥– ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ (Regular Structure)é À¡“¬∂÷ß ‚§√ß √â“ß∑’Ëª√“»®“°§«“¡‰¡àμàÕ‡π◊ËÕß∑“ß

°“¬¿“æ¢Õß√Ÿª∑√ß ≈—°…≥–‚§√ß √â“ß ·≈–¡«≈„π·π«√“∫À√◊Õ„π·π«¥‘ËßÀ√◊Õ§«“¡‰¡àμàÕ‡π◊ËÕß„π

√–∫∫μâ“π·√ß¥â“π¢â“ßÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ μ“¡√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥∑’Ë√–∫ÿ„π¢âÕ 3.1

ç‰¥Õ–·ø√¡ (Diaphragm)é À¡“¬∂÷ß √–∫∫‚§√ß √â“ß∑’Ë«“ßμ—«Õ¬Ÿà„π·π«√“∫À√◊Õ„°≈â‡§’¬ß·π«√“∫

∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë àß∂à“¬·√ß¥â“π¢â“ß‰ª Ÿà™‘Èπ à«π„π·π«¥‘Ëß ÷́Ëß‡ªìπ à«π¢Õß√–∫∫μâ“π·√ß¥â“π¢â“ß §”«à“‰¥Õ–·ø√¡

®–À¡“¬√«¡‰ª∂÷ß√–∫∫§È”¬—π„π·π«√“∫¥â«¬

ç∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë 1é À¡“¬∂÷ß ∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë 1 μ“¡°Æ°√–∑√«ß ÷́Ëß‡ªìπæ◊Èπ∑’ËÀ√◊Õ∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë‡ªìπ¥‘πÕàÕπ¡“°∑’ËÕ“®‰¥â√—∫

º≈°√–∑∫®“°·ºàπ¥‘π‰À«√–¬–‰°≈ ‰¥â·°à °√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√ ®—ßÀ«—¥ππ∑∫ÿ√’ ®—ßÀ«—¥ª∑ÿ¡∏“π’

®—ßÀ«—¥ ¡ÿ∑√ª√“°“√ ·≈–®—ßÀ«—¥ ¡ÿ∑√ “§√


ç∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë 2é À¡“¬∂÷ß ∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë 2 μ“¡°Æ°√–∑√«ß ´÷Ëß‡ªìπæ◊Èπ∑’ËÀ√◊Õ∫√‘‡«≥∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„°≈â√Õ¬‡≈◊ËÕπ∑’ËÕ“®‰¥â√—∫

º≈°√–∑∫®“°·ºàπ¥‘π‰À« ‰¥â·°à ®—ßÀ«—¥°“≠®π∫ÿ√’ ®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß√“¬ ®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à ®—ßÀ«—¥μ“°

®—ßÀ«—¥πà“π ®—ßÀ«—¥æ–‡¬“ ®—ßÀ«—¥·æ√à ®—ßÀ«—¥·¡àŒàÕß Õπ ®—ßÀ«—¥≈”ª“ß ·≈–®—ßÀ«—¥≈”æŸπ

ç∫√‘‡«≥‡ΩÑ“√–«—ßé À¡“¬∂÷ß ∫√‘‡«≥‡ΩÑ“√–«—ßμ“¡°Æ°√–∑√«ß ´÷Ëß‡ªìπæ◊Èπ∑’ËÀ√◊Õ∫√‘‡«≥∑’ËÕ“®‰¥â√—∫º≈°√–∑∫

®“°·ºàπ¥‘π‰À« ‰¥â·°à ®—ßÀ«—¥°√–∫’Ë ®—ßÀ«—¥™ÿ¡æ√ ®—ßÀ«—¥æ—ßß“ ®—ßÀ«—¥¿Ÿ‡°Áμ ®—ßÀ«—¥√–πÕß ®—ßÀ«—¥ ß¢≈“

·≈–®—ßÀ«—¥ ÿ√“…Æ√å∏“π’

ç√–∫∫μâ“π·√ß¥â“π¢â“ß (Lateral-Force-Resisting System)é À¡“¬∂÷ß √–∫∫‚§√ß √â“ßÀ√◊Õ à«π

¢Õß√–∫∫‚§√ß √â“ß∑’ËÕÕ°·∫∫„Àâμâ“π·√ß —Ëπ –‡∑◊Õπ®“°·ºàπ¥‘π‰À«

ç·√ß∫‘¥‚¥¬∫—ß‡Õ‘≠ (Accidental Torsion)é À¡“¬∂÷ß ·√ß∫‘¥∑’ËÕ“®®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‚¥¬∫—ß‡Õ‘≠®“°º≈

¢Õß·√ß‡©◊Õπ√«¡„π·μà≈–™—Èπ (Story Shear) °√–∑”‡¬◊ÈÕß»Ÿπ¬å®“°®ÿ¥»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß¢Õß§«“¡·¢Áß‡°√Áß

(Center of Rigidity) ¢Õß√–∫∫μâ“π·√ß¥â“π¢â“ß„π·μà≈–™—Èπ ‚¥¬√–¬–‡¬◊ÈÕß»Ÿπ¬å¥—ß°≈à“«®–μâÕß‰¡àπâÕ¬°«à“

√âÕ¬≈– 5 ¢Õß¡‘μ‘Õ“§“√∑’Ë¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥„π√–¥—∫™—Èππ—Èπ

2.2 —≠≈—°…≥å

æ◊Èπ∑’ËÀπâ“μ—¥∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ Àπà«¬‡ªìπμ“√“ß¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√ (μ“√“ß‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√)

æ◊Èπ∑’Ëμâ“π·√ß‡©◊Õπ„π·π«πÕπª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈¢Õß¢âÕμàÕ Àπà«¬‡ªìπμ“√“ß¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√ (μ“√“ß

‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√)

æ◊Èπ∑’ËÀπâ“μ—¥¢Õß‡À≈Á°‡ √‘¡√—∫·√ß¥÷ß Àπà«¬‡ªìπμ“√“ß¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√ (μ“√“ß‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√)

æ◊Èπ∑’ËÀπâ“μ—¥¢Õß‡À≈Á°‡ √‘¡≈à“ß¢Õß·ºàπæ◊Èπ§Õπ°√’μ‡ √‘¡‡À≈Á°·∫∫‰√â§“π∑’Ë«“ßºà“πÀ√◊ÕΩíß‡¢â“

‰ª„π·°π‡ “ Àπà«¬‡ªìπμ“√“ß¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√ (μ“√“ß‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√)

æ◊Èπ∑’ËÀπâ“μ—¥¢Õß‡À≈Á°‡ √‘¡√—∫·√ß‡©◊Õπ Àπà«¬‡ªìπμ“√“ß¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√ (μ“√“ß‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√)

‡ âπ√Õ∫√Ÿª¢ÕßÀπâ“μ—¥«‘°ƒμ ”À√—∫°“√§”π«≥°”≈—ßμâ“π·√ß‡©◊Õπ Vc „π·ºàπæ◊Èπ Àπà«¬‡ªìπ

¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√ (‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√)

§«“¡°«â“ß¢ÕßÀπâ“μ—¥«‘°ƒμ∑’Ë«—¥„π∑‘»∑“ß¢Õß™à«ß∑’Ë„™âÀ“‚¡‡¡πμå Àπà«¬‡ªìπ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√

(‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√)

§«“¡°«â“ß¢ÕßÀπâ“μ—¥«‘°ƒμ∑’Ë«—¥„π∑‘»∑“ßμ—Èß©“°°—∫ b1 Àπà«¬‡ªìπ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√ (‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√)

§«“¡°«â“ß¢Õßμ—«§“π Àπà«¬‡ªìπ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√ (‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√)

¡‘μ‘∑’Ë¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥¢ÕßÀπâ“μ—¥‡ “ Àπà«¬‡ªìπ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√ (‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√)

¡‘μ‘∑’ËπâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥¢ÕßÀπâ“μ—¥‡ “ Àπà«¬‡ªìπ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√ (‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√)

§«“¡≈÷°ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈À√◊Õ√–¬–®“°¢Õ∫πÕ° ÿ¥¥â“π√—∫·√ßÕ—¥∂÷ß®ÿ¥»Ÿπ¬å∂à«ß¢Õß‡À≈Á°‡ √‘¡√—∫

·√ß¥÷ß Àπà«¬‡ªìπ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√ (‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√)

‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß¢Õß‡À≈Á°‡ √‘¡ Àπà«¬‡ªìπ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡μ√ (‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√)






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(Rigid Diaphragm)

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rM

4

1s

h2

nl

M

nr

M

1s

1s

d/2

dh

l

h2

h2


90

0

s

20

s

( )

1:10

0

s

( )

1c

2c

1c

5

) 0

s

(1) 8

(2) 24

(3) 2

c / 2 (4) 300

) 0

l

(1) H /6 (2)1

c (3) 500

)

) sA / gA

1 6

0

s

2c

0.5 0

s

0l

11

3v

y

c sA

f

0l

0l

cH

0.5 0

s

0.5 0

s

dhl


4.5

4.5.1 ( jV )

( nV )

jV nV (4.5.1)

( ) 0.85

4.5.2

6

4.5.3 ( nV )

(1) 4 [( 7 ( )]

1.7n c jV f A (4.5.3- )

( 5.4n c jV f A )

(2) 3 2 [ 7 ( )]

1.25n c jV f A (4.5.3- )

( 4.0n c jV f A )

Vj = C1 T2 – Vcol

= T1 T2 – Vcol = (As1fy + As2fy) – Vcol

6

( )

Vcol

Vcol

T2 = As2fy C1 = T1

Mn1

T1 = As1fy C2 = T2

Mn2 Vj V

j

( )


(3) [ 7 ( )]

1.0n c jV f A (4.5.3- )

( 3.2n c jV f A )

jA 8

7 ( nV )

( )

( ) 4 ( ) 3

2


b

x1

h

jA

b + h

b +1

2x

= h

8

b

= h

b + h

b +1

2x

jA

x1

x2

1x <

2x


4.6

( 9)

4.6.1 sM

4.6.2 f sM

4.6.3

4.6.4 1 4

2

4.6.5

4.6.6

4.6.7

( )

9

t

1.5t c1 1.5t

1.5t

c2

1.5t


( )

2

sA ( )

sA

( )

( )

9 ( )

4

sA ( )

3

sA

ª√‘¡“≥‡À≈Á°‡ √‘¡ As




4.10

10

( ) 90

( )

6 db

D

135 6 d

b

D

( ) 135

( )


∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡

1. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, ACI 318M-99, American Concrete Institute,

Michigan, 1999.

2. Lukkunaprasit, Panitan, “Basic Concepts in Earthquake Resistant Design”, International Seminar on

Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, Chiangmai, 1998.

3. Lukkunaprasit, P., and Sittipunt, C. “Ductility Enhancement of Moderately Confined Concrete Tied

Columns with Hook-Clips”. ACI Structural Journal, 100(4), 422-429, 2003.

4. Uniform Building Code, 1991ed. International Conference of Building Officials, Whitter, California,

1991.

5. Uniform Building Code, 1997ed. International Conference of Building Officials, Whitter, California,

1997.

6. 6 ( . . 2540) . . 2522

7.

. . 2550

. . 2522

8. “ ”

4, . . 2544

9.

4 . . 2545

10. . . 2549


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( : . . 2549)

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