() 1928 Ronald GurneyEdward CondonEdward Condon1992321974326 1973 (STM) (STM)1981 (STM) (STM)AFM (STM)AFM1981IBMG.BinningH.Rohrer1985G.Binning0.1nm~0.2nm0.01nm,1nm0.1nm () ()4k ()1990IBM437IBM END