इस अंक में - आह्वान

vkàku ds ckjs esa dqNegÙoiw.kZ fopkjfcUnq

eqfDrdkeh Nk=kksa&;qokvksa dk vkàku

o"kZ 6 vad 4tqykbZ&vxLr 2013

lEikndh; dk;kZy; % ch&100] eqdqUn fogkj] djkoy uxj] fnYyh] i+Qksu % 011&64623928] 9540436262bZesy % [email protected]

Lokeh] izdk'kd] eqnzd ,oa lEiknd vfHkuo flUgk }kjk #fpdk fiz.VlZ] I@10665] lqHkk"k ikdZ] uohu 'kkgnjk] fnYyh&110032ls eqfnzr djkdj ch&100] eqdqUn fogkj] djkoy uxj] fnYyh&110094 ls izdkf'kr fd;kA

,d izfr dk ewY; chl #i;s

okf"kZd lnL;rk % 160 #i;sf}okf"kZd lnL;rk % 320 #i;siapo"khZ; lnL;rk % 800 #i;svkthou lnL;rk % 2000 #i;s

lEikndvfHkuolg&lEiknddforklTtk

jkeckcw

bl vad esa

ØØØØØ ^vkàku* foi;Z; ds bl dfBu v¡èksjsnkSj esa ØkfUr ds u;s laLdj.k dh rS;kjh dsfy, ;qok oxZ dk vkàku djrk gSA ;g ,duwru ØkfUrdkjh uotkxj.k vkSj izcksèku dk'ka[kukn djrk gSA ;g u;h ØkfUr dh usr`Rodkjh'kfDr ds fuekZ.k ds fy,] mldh ekxZn'kZdoSKkfud thoun`f"V vkSj bfrgklcksèk dh le>o+Qk;e djus ds fy, vkSj Hkkjrh; ØkfUr dsjkLrs dh lgh le>nkjh o+Qk;e djus ds mís';ls fopkj&fofue; vkSj cgl&eqckgls ds fy,vke turk ds foosd'khy cgknqj ;qok liwrksadks vkefU=kr djrk gSA ^vkàku* ØkfUr dhvkRek dks tkx`r djus dh t+:jr dk vglklgSA ;g ,d u;h ØkfUrdkjh fLifjV iSnk djusdh rM+i dh vfHkO;fDr gSA yksx ;fn yksgsdh nhokjksa esa o+QSn u'ks dh xgjh uhan lks jgsgSa] rc Hkh gesa yxkrkj vkokt+ yxkuh gh gksxhAuhan esa ?kqV jgs yksxksa ds dkuksa rd yxkrkjigq ¡prh gekjh vkokt+ dHkh u dHkh mUgs atxk;sxh ghA Hkwyuk ugha gksxk fd ,d fpaxkjhlkjs taxy dks vkx yxk ldrh gSA ^vkàku*,slh gh ,d fpaxkjh cuus dks ladYic¼ gSAØØØØØ ^vkàku* ft+Unxh ds bl ne?kksaVw ekgkSy

dks cnyus ds fy, reke ft+Unk yksxks a dkvkàku djrk gSA ;g mu lHkh dk vkàku djrkgS tks lgh ek;us esa ukStoku gSaA ftuesa O;fDrxrLokFk Z] dk;jrk] nqfu;knkjh] èku fyIlk]dSfj;jokn vkSj in&vksgns&gSfl;r&ekU;rk dhxykdkVw izfrLièkkZ ds f[k+yki+Q yM+us dk ekíkvkSj ft+n gS] ftudh jxksa esa m".k jDr izokfgrgks jgk gSA tks U;k;] lkSUn;Z] izxfr vkSj 'kkS;Zds iqtkjh gSaA ^vkàku* turk dh lsok esa yxtkus ds fy,] esgurd'k voke esa ?kqyfeydjmldh eqfDr dk ijpe Fkke ysus ds fy,,sls gh ukStokuks a dk vkàku djrk gSAlkekftd ØkfUr;ksa dh dfBu 'kq#vkr dhpqukSfr;ksa dks Lohdkjus ds fy, igys turkds cgknqj ;qok liwr gh vkxs vkrs gSaA bfrgklds jFk ds ifg, ukStokuksa ds m".k jDr lsyFkiFk gqvk djrs gSaA

ikBd eap 2

viuh vksj ls

mRrjk[k.M% gknlk cuke gd+hdr\ 3

lekt

psru Hkxr% cM+cksysiu vkSj dwie.Mwdrk dk ,d lkEiznkf;d laLdj.k 5

b'kjr tgk¡---,d fujUrj loky 10

lkef;dh

vkbZ-ih-,y-% cktk: [ksy fcdrs f[kykM+h! 12

ckt+kj ds gokys fpfdRlk O;oLFkk esa ne rksM+rs vke esgurd'k 14

^Ldwy cpkvks vfHk;ku* dk ;s iSxke% lcdks f'k{kk ,d leku! 16

;g dksbZ nSoh; vkink ugha vkSj u gh ;g izd`fr dk izdksi gS! 20

veR;Z lsu cuke txnh'kpUnz Hkxorh% mnkj cqtZqvk cuke iQklhokn 25

foKku

vkèkqfud HkkSfrdh rFkk HkkSfrdokn dk fodkl 37

chp cgl esa

ek#fr lqtqdh et+nwj vkUnksyu fdl vksj\ 32

xfrfofèk cqysfVu 45&46

lkfgR;

izseizdk'k dh dfork ^gekjk lp vkSj mudk lp* 42

fojklr

lkEiznkf;d naxs vkSj mudk bykt & Hkxrflag 47

eqfDrdkeh Nk=kksa&;qokvksa dk vkàku • tqykbZ&vxLr 2013 • 2

ikBd eaptkfrokn dks tM+ ls [kRe djus dht:jr gSfiz; lkFkh]

eSus vkàku* dk tuojh&twu] 2013 vad i<+k] p.Mhx<+esa tkfr iz'u ij gq, lsfeukj ds ckjs esa tkudj dkiQhvPNk yxk fd bl egRoiw.kZ fo"k; ij ckrphr gqbZA gekjslkfFk;ksa us tkfrokn ds iz'u dks ftl rjg is'k fd;k eq>syxk lekt dks iru dh vksj ys tkus esa tkfrokn] èkeZokncgqr cM+k eqn~nk gS D;ksafd Hkkjr ds vUnj tkfrokn] èkeZoknyksxksa dh ul&ul esa ?kql x;k gSA bl rjg lekt dkstkfrokn vkSj èkeZ ds vkèkkj ij ck¡Vk x;k gS rkfd dqN yksxblls 'kklu dj ldsa] vkt lekt esa yksxksa ds lkFk HksnHkkogks jgk gSA x+jhch&vehjh dh tM+ Hkh gS tks ;gha ls 'kq: gqbZvkSj lekt eas vkt ftruk HksnHkko gksrk gS og ns[kdj ,slkyxrk gS fd lekt esa balku us balku dh igpku [kks nh gSAog vkne[kksj tkuoj cu pqdk gSA

lekt esa gj txg HksnHkko fd;k tkrk gS pkgs os dksbZHkh txg gks vkSj lekt esa t+:jr bl [kkbZ] HksnHkko dks[kRe djus dh gSA bls [+kRe djus ds fy, ge yksxksa dks ,dlkFk dke djus dh t+:jr gSA t+:jr bl ckr dh gS fdukStoku lcls igys tkfr vkSj èkeZ ds cUèkuksa dks rksM+saA ;ghals 'kq#vkr gks ldrh gSA tks iqjkuk gS vkSj lM+ pqdk gS ogk¡ij flj ekjus ls dksbZ i+Qk;nk ugha gSA uo;qodksa dks bufopkjksa ds fo"k ls eqDr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

bl O;oLFkk dks tM+ ls m[kkM+ iQsadus ds fy, ,du;k lekt cukus ds fy, lHkh dks ,dtqV gksdj yM+ukgksxk] rHkh ,d u;k lekt cusxkA

fudsr] djkoy uxj] fnYyh

tkfr ds ToyUr eqís ij cgl gksukykft+eh gS

fiz; lEiknd egksn;]dkiQh le; ckn ^vkàku* dk u;k vad izkIr gqvkA

gj ckj dh rjg lkexzh dki+Qh egRoiw.kZ FkhA ^vki* ds?kks"k.kki=k ij vk;k ys[k vPNk yxkA bldh ,d izfr lhèksdstjhoky lkgc ds ikl Hkh Hkst nsuh pkfg,A tkfr dsloky ij lsfeukj dh fjiksfVZax Hkh i<+h] Hkk"kk FkksM+h dfBuFkh fdUrq le> vk x;hA tkfr ds ToyUr eqís ij cgl gksukykft+eh gSA i<+s x;s isijksa dk dksbZ fyad ugha fn;k x;k Fkk]Ñi;k crk nsaA ^nqfu;k ds lcls cM+s vkSj eg¡xs iw¡thoknhtura=k dh rLohj* uked ys[k okLro esa ,d lgh rLohjizLrqr djrk gSA ikBu lkexzh rks Bhd Fkh fdUrq ,d&nks

f'kdk;r Hkh gSA ,d rks if=kdk esa vèkwjs ys[kksa ds ckn fn;sx;s ist Øekad esa xM+cM+ Fkh] blls FkksM+h fnDdr gqbZ] nwljhckr if=kdk dkiQh yEcs bUrtkj ds ckn izkIr gqbZ] vk'kk gSbu phtksa dks nq:Lr fd;k tk;sxkA 'kqHkdkeukvksa ds lkFk]

lqjs'k dqekj] mUuko] m-iz-

et+nwj la?k"kksZa dks ØkfUrdkjh usr`Ro nsusds fy, vkykspukRed ut+fj;s dh t+:jrfiz; lEiknd]

fiNys vad esa ek#fr et+nwj vkUnksyu ij py jghcgl ij fy[kk x;k ys[k dki+Qh Kkuo¼Zd FkkA u fli+QZek#fr et+nwjksa ds la?k"kZ ds ekeys esa] cfYd vU; et+nwjla?k"kksZa ds ekeys esa Hkh ØkfUrdkjh okeiaFkh laxBuksa dkut+fj;k fiNys yEcs le; ls vukykspukRed jgk gSA urhtru]bu la?k"kksZa dks dksbZ fn'kk nsus dh ctk; os muds ihNs ghpyrs jg tkrs gSaA ;fn la?k"kZ xM~<s esa tkrk gS rks os Hkh xM~<sesa tkrs gSa] vkSj ckn esa fo'ys"k.k ij ys[k vkSj iqfLrdk,¡fudkyrs gSa] ;g crkrs gq, fd vkUnksyu esa dgk¡ D;k x+yrFkkA D;k blls csgrj ugha fd vkUnksyuksa ds tkjh jgrs ghbudh dfe;ksa ds ckjs esa fopkj fd;k tk; vkSj mUgsa nwj fd;ktk;A tgk¡ rd ek#fr la?k"kZ ds ckjs esa dqN uookeiaFkhcqf¼thfo;ksa ds fopkj dh ckr gS] ftudh vkykspuk ys[k esadh x;h gS] rks og 'ks[kfpYyhokn ds flok vkSj dqN Hkh ughagSA bl izdkj ds cqf¼thfo;ksa ds izHkko ls et+nwj vkUnksyuksadks cpk;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj lrr~ buds fopkjksa dh vkykspukgksuh pkfg,A

tkfr iz'u ij lsfeukj dh jiV ls ogk¡ pyh cgl dh,d Li"V rLohj lkeus vk;hA fuf'pr gh lsfeukj esa izLrqrvkys[kksa dks i<+us dk iz;kl d:¡xkA ^vkàku* ds fu;fercuk;k tk; rks bldh fujUrjrk dk T+;knk izHkko iM+sxkA chpesa yEcs vUrjky iM+ tkus ls flyflyk VwV&lk tkrk gSA ;gtkurs gq, Hkh fd if=kdk fudkyus okys ukStokuksa dh Vheyxkrkj tukUnksyuksa esa Hkh lfØ; jgrh gS] vkxzg d:¡xk fdif=kdk dks 'kh?kzre lEHko fu;fer cukus dk iz;kl fd;ktk;A if=kdk tgk¡ Hkh tkrh gS] viuk dke djrh gSA vkxsds fy, 'kqHkdkeuk,¡A

ohjsUnz] iVuk

¶dsoy os vkdak{kk,¡ gh okLro esa egRoiw.kZ gSa tksokLrfodrk ij vkèkkfjr gksrh gSa] dsoy os vk'kk,¡ ghIkQyorh gksrh gSa ftUgs okLrfodrk tUe nsrh gS vkSj dsoyrHkh tc mudh iwfr Z ds fy, mu 'kfDr;k s a vk SjifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lgkjk fy;k tkrk gS ftUgsa okLrfodrkizLrqr djrh gSA¸

&psuhZ'ksOLdh


viuh vksj ls

mRrjk[k.M=kklnh%gknlkcuke

gd+hd+r

fiNyh 16&17 twu dks mRrjk[k.M esa vk;h Hkh"k.k =kklnh dksdbZ ckj vkSj dbZ rjhdksa ls O;k[;kf;r fd;k tk pqdk gS] fdlh usbls nSoh; vkink crk;k rks fdlh us ekuo&fufeZr =kklnh (êSu esMVªStsMh*) dh laKk nhA bl vkink ds lkFk gh i;kZoj.k dk eqn~nk fiQjxjek;kA iw¡thoknh ehfM;k vkSj [+kcfj;k pSuykas ds chp gksus okyhdqRrk?klhVw izfrLièkkZ esa bruh Hkh"k.k vkink egt v¡kdM+ksa dk [ksycudj jg x;hA bl iwjs cs'keZ 'kksj&'kjkcs ds chp bl vkink vkSj ,slhlHkh vkinkvksa ds ihNs ds ewy dkj.k dh iM+rky u rks fdlh us dhvkSj u gh ,slk djus dh t+:jr fdlh us le>hA equki+Qk dekus dhvUèkh gol dh [+kkfrj iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk u dsoy euq"; dh Eksgurdk nksgu dj jgh gS cfYd ;g dqnjr dks Hkh fnu&c&fnu u"V djjgh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd fiNys dqN o"kkZsa esa fu;fer vUrjky ijnqfu;k ds fdlh u fdlh dksus esa ,slh foHkhf"kdk,¡ ?kfVr gks jgh gSaA

,slk ugha gS fd reke i;kZoj.kfon~ bu vkinkvkas ds dkj.kksa dhiM+rky ugha djrs gSaA VqdM+ksa&VqdM+ksa esa rks os lgh iM+rky djrs gSaysfdu dqy feykdj os bu =kklfn;ksa ds fy, esgur vkSj dqnjr dhywV ij dk;e iw¡thoknh mRiknu iz.kkyh dks ft+Eesnkj ugha Bgjkrs gSaAdkj.k ;g fd bu i;kZoj.kh; vkinkvksa dks le>us ds fy, Hkh egt+oSKkfud fo'ys"k.kkRedrk dh ugha cfYd jktuhfrd fo'ys"k.kkRedrkdh Hkh vko';drk gSA ysfdu jktuhfrd vkykspukRed n`f"V lsoafpr gksus ds dkj.k os ;k rks lewph ekuork dks dkslus yxrs gSa ;kfiQj vkèkqfud foKku dks gh buds fy, nks"kh d+jkj nsrs gSa] vkSjiqu#RFkkuokn ds xM~<s esa tk fxjrs gSaA ;g lgh gS fd mRrjk[k.M dh=kklnh dh Hk;kogrk fdlh izkdfrd izdksi dk ugha cfYd izdfr dhuSlfxZd xfr esa vokafNr ekuoh; gLr{ksiksa dk urhtk gSA ijUrq bldsfy, lewph ekuo tkfr dks ft+Eesnkj Bgjkuk lgh ugha gSA ;gk¡ ;giz'u iwNuk t+:jh gS fd os dkSu yksx gSa] og dkSu&lh O;oLFkk gS tksizd`fr ds lkFk ,slk crkZo djrh gSA vxj rF;ksa ij djhch ls fuxkgMkysa rks lki+Q gks tkrk gS fd vkt i;kZoj.kh; rckgh ds fy, nqfu;kHkj esa equki+Qk&dsfUnzr iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk ft+Eesnkj gSA iw¡thoknh O;oLFkkesa izdfr ds lkFk dksbZ Hkh fj'rk O;kid ekuork ds fgrksa ds en~nsut+ju gksdj lekt ds eqV~Bh Hkj yksxksa ds equki+Qs ds fy, dk;e fd;ktkrk gSA mRrjk[k.M esa Hkh ;g iwjh izfØ;k lki+Q rkSj ij ut+j vkrhgSA

o"kZ 2000 esa mRrjk[k.M ds u;k jkT; cuus ds ckn fcYMjksa]gksVy O;olkf;;ksa vkSj reke equki+Qk[kksjksa ds fgrksa dks è;ku esa j[krsgq, ftl fdLe dk fodkl og¡k ij gqvk mlls ogk¡ dk ikfjfLFkfrdrU=k] tks dki+Qh uktqd vkSj vfLFkj ekuk tkrk gS] vkSj T+;knk vfLFkjgks x;kA iw¡thoknh fodkl ds eWkMy ds rgr i;kZoj.k dh ftl rjgls vuns[kh dh tk jgh gS] mlds dkj.k vkus okys fnuksa esa Hkh Hkh"k.k


=kklfn;ksa dh lEHkkouk ls budkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkAmRrjk[k.M tSls bykdksa esa rks ;g [+krjk vkSj Hkh c<+ tkrkgSA ;gk¡ T+;knkrj fodkl ifj;kstukvksa dh eatwjh i;kZoj.k ijiM+us okys izHkko dh lkaxksikax iM+rky ds fcuk gh ns nh tkrhgSA ge ik,¡xs fd ftl vUèkkèkqUèk rjhds ls lM+dsa] lqjaxsa ock¡èk cukus ds fy, igkfM+;ksa dks ck:n ls mM+k;k x;k] mldhotg ls bl iwjs bykds dh pV~Vkuksa dh vfLFkjrk c<+rh x;hAblds lkFk gh HkwL[kyu dk [krjk c<+ x;k] ouksa dh vUèkkèkqUèkdVkbZ vkSj voSèk [kuu ls Hkh fiNys dqN o"kkZsa esa fgeky;ds bl {ks=k esa HkwL[kyu vkSj ck<+ tSlh ifj?kVukvksa esa c<+ksrjhns[kus esa vk;h gSA blds lkFk gh] ekulwu ds le; ls dki+Qhigys vkus dks Hkh tyok;q ifjorZu dh O;kid ifj?kVuk lstksM+dj gh ns[kk tk ldrk gSA vc ge tkurs gSa fd mRRkjk[k.M=kklnh dh Hkh"k.krk dk ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh FkkA

mRrjk[k.M dh bl Hkh"k.k =kklnh us iw¡thoknh O;oLFkkds vlyh pfj=k dks ,d ckj fiQj csinkZ fd;kA lkFk gh]iw¡thoknh lekt dh vfuf'prrk vkSj vjktdrk ijiQyus&iQwyus okys èkeZ vkSj vè;kRe dk dkjksckj fdruko`gr~ gS] ;g Hkh bl vkink ds ckn fiQj lkeus vk;kA tc;g vkink ?kfVr gqbZ ml oDr vU; jkT;ksa ls cgqr Hkkjhla[;k esa vk;s rhFkZ;k=kh ekStwn FksA blds ihNs i;ZVu m|ksxdk ,d laxfBr rkuk&ckuk dke djrk gS ftlesa Vwj vkWijsVlZls ysdj gksVy O;olk;h vkSj dqdqjeqRrkas dh rjg iuiusokys fdLe&fdLe ds vkè;kfRed xq: vkSj ckck 'kkfey gSaA

blds lkFk gh] iw¡thoknh ljdkjksa vkSj ukSdj'kkgh dk ?ku?kksjtufojksèkh vkSj laosnughu pfj=k Hkh lkeus vk;kA iw¡thoknhpqukoh jktuhfr dh xUnxh esa yksV yxkus okyh reke pqukockt+ikfVZ;ksa us ,d ckj fiQj ls fn[kyk fn;k fd yksxksa dh yk'kksais pqukoh jksfV;¡k lsadus dk D;k eryc gksrk gSA reke¶tuizfrfufèk¸ dHkh ¶jSEcks rks dHkh ¶lqijeSu¸ dh 'kDyesa ut+j vk;sA okLro esa gj ,slh vkink iw¡thokn ds psgjsij yxs reke eq[kkSVksa dks uksp&uksp dj iQsad nsrh gS vkSjO;oLFkk dk lcls ?k`f.kr vkSj ekuonzksgh :i gekjs lkeusvkrk gSA

vkt ;g dguk igys ls Hkh cM+h okLrfodrk cux;k gS fd iw¡thokn dks ,d tuØkfUr }kjk bfrgkl dhdpjk isVh ds gokys ugha fd;k tkrk rks ekuork ds lkeus,d gh fodYi ekStwn gksxkµfouk'k! mRrjk[k.M tSlh iw¡thoknhO;oLFkk }kjk tfur =kklfn;k¡ ekuork gh ugha cfYd i`FohvkSj ml ij jgus okys reke tho&tUrqvksa vkSj ouLifr;ksa;k ;w¡ dgs fd mlds lewps ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k ds vfLrRo dsfy, [+krjs dh ?k.Vh gSaA ,slh vkink,¡ bl ckr ds Li"Vladsr nsrh gSa fd ;fn iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk dks le; jgrs u"Vugha fd;k x;k rks ;g lewph ekuork dks gh ugha cfYdlewps Hkwe.My dks u"V dj nsxhA euq"; fuf'pr rkSj ijizd`fr ds lkFk lkeatL; esa vfLrRoeku jg ldrk gSAysfdu ywV vkSj equki+Qs dh vUèkh gol ij fVdh iw¡thoknhO;oLFkk ds rgr ugha!


psru Hkxr % cM+cksysiu vkSj dwie.Mwdrkdk ,d lkEiznkf;d laLdj.k

lllll vjfoUn

lekt

psru Hkxr ds ckjs es a rks vkius lquk gh gksxkAvktdy ;s eè;oxhZ; ekul ij fopkjd vkSj izsjd dsrkSj ij dkiQh Nk;s gq, gSa! bldk dkj.k budk cgqfoèk¶izfrHkkvks a¸ dk èkuh gksuk Hkh gSA ;s dbZ is'kks a es a gkFkvkt+ekb'k dj pqds gS aA bathfu;fjax vkSj mlds ckneSustes.V (!\) dh i<+kbZ ds ckn bUgks aus 11 lky rdgkaxdkax esa bUosLVes.V cSadj ds rkSj ij dke fd;k]dqN lLrs vkSj ;kSu&dqf.Br fdLe ds miU;kl fy[ks]eqEcb;k fiQYeks a dh iVdFkk,¡ fy[kha] eSustes.V dsNk=kksa ds chp O;k[;ku Hkh fn;s rFkk vktdy ;s v[kckjhLrEHkdkj (ns[ks a] nSfud HkkLdj* ds gky ds dqN iqjkusvad) Hkh cu x;s gS a! oSls viuh reke iQwgM+rk vkSjew[kZrk ds ckotwn :i dh n`f"V ls (;fn vUroZLrq dks,d rjiQ j[k fn;k tk;) budk ys[ku i;kZIr jkspdgksrk gSA ;fn vki tui{kèkj gSa rks budk ys[ku vkidsvUnj ?k`.kk iSnk dj ldrk gS] fdUrq vkidks cksfj;rde gh eglwl gksxhA

cgjgky] psru Hkxr ds ekSfyd fpUru dks FkksM+kge Hkh ij[krs gS aA yxrk gS fdlh O;k[;ku ds nkSjkuvius Jksrkvks a dh djry èofu ls vfHkHkwr gksdj psruHkxr th [kqn dks cgqr cM+k vFkZ'kkL=kh le> cSBs gS aA;gh dkj.k gS fd gky&fiQygky [kk| lqj{kk fcy dselys ij bUgks aus cM+s gh vgadkjh vkSj mn~n.Mrkiw.kZ<ax ls vius vFkZ'kkL=k dk uewuk is'k fd;kA ;s fy[krsgS a] ¶gSjkuh dh ckr gS fd gekjs 'kh"kZ fopkjd vkSjlkoZtfud cglks a es a gkoh jgus okys] le`f¼ ykus vkSjmRikndrk ds ckjs es a fdruk de tkurs gS aA ;fn tkursgksrs rks [kk| lqj{kk fcy dks vkus ugha nsrsA brukvukt dSls eqgS;k djk;k tk;sxk ;k igys ls gh dt+Zes a Mwch ljdkj dh gkyr blds ckn D;k gksxh---rks eS avius fnekx dks pqi jgus ds fy, dgrk gw ¡A eS a vxysdqN o"kks Z a es a gh yxus okys yk[kks a&djksM+k s a #i;s dsyEcs&pkSM+s vk¡dM+ks a dks Hkh ut+jvUnkt+ dj nsrk gw¡A gerc rd x+jhcks a dh ijokg djrs jgsaxs tc rd iwjk iSlk[+kRe ugha gks tkrkA ns'k fnokfy;k gks tk;sxkA jkst+xkjugha a gksxk vkSj vfèkd yksx x+jhc gks tk;s axsA¸ ;g rks,d ckuxh gS gekjs ¶egku fopkjd¸ ds vFkZ'kkL=kh;

Kku dhA ,sls uewus gesa vkxs Hkh ns[kus dks feysaxsAfdlh Hkh izdkj dh IkzR;{k mRiknd dk;Zokgh ls nwj]vius ckSf¼d Je (;kuh ckSf¼d nqdkunkjh!) ds cwrs,s'k djus okys mPp eè;e oxZ ds ¶nnZ¸ dks rks le>kgh tk ldrk gS! tc eujsxk ;k [kk| lqj{kk tSlh;kstukvks a ij cgl gksrh gS rks ;g fgLlk ,sls cspSu gkstkrk gS tSls bldks fephZ yxh gksA bUgs a yxrk gS fdbu ;kstukvks a ij gksus okys [+kpZ ls ljdkjh [+ktkuk[+kkyh gks tk;sxk] ns'k fnokfy;k gks tk;sxk iQyLo:ifons'kh fuos'k cUn gks tk;sxk] oxSjg&oxSjgA ;g ,dnhxj ckr gS fd iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk ds rgr ,slh reke;kstuk,¡ ,d èkks[ks dk èkwezkoj.k gh gksrh gSa] vkSj bllsx+jhcks a dk dqN [k+kl Hkyk ugha gks ldrkA ysfdu fiQjHkh] ,slh ;kstukvks a ij uaxs ckt+k: iw¡thokn ds mUeknhleFkZdks a ds rdZ lquus ;ksX; gSa! bl tekr ds yksxks a dkekuuk gS fd ,slh ;kstukvks a ij [k+pZ dh ctk;] lM+dsacuk;h tk;sa] <k¡pkxr fodkl gks rkfd fons'kh iw¡th vk;svkSj ns'k dks [kq'kgkyh ls ljkcksj dj ns! ysfdu tcljdkjh [+ktkus dks iw ¡thifr;ks a dks csyvkmV iSdst]VSDl NwV] gkWyhMs iSdst nsus es a yqVk;k tkrk gS] tcfojkV ukSdj'kkgh&usrk'kkgh vkSj gfFk;kjksa ij vfèkdkfèkdèku [+kpZ gksrk gS] rc psru Hkxr dh tekr dkseksfr;kfcUn D;ks a gks tkrk gS\ tc vke turk ds[kwu&ilhus ls [kM+s fd;s x;s IkfCyd lsDVj dks dkSfM+;ksads Hkko ns'kh&fons'kh iw ¡thifr;ks a dks lkS aik tkrk gS rcpsru Hkxr dqN ugha cksyrsA ysfdu tc dksbZ ,slh;kstuk vkrh gS] ftlls x+jhcks a dks ¶dqN feyus¸ dhlEHkkouk gks rks bu tSlks a dh ns'kHkfDr vius pje ijgksrh gSA ;fn ns'k ds ctV dk yxHkx 97 iQhlnh fgLlkvke vkneh dh tsc ls vkus okys vizR;{k djks a dsekè;e ls curk gS] rks gksuk rks ;gh pkfg, fd f'k{kk]fpfdRlk vkSj jkst+xkj lfgr reke ewyHkwr t+:jrks a ij;g izkFkfedrk ds lkFk [+kpZ gksA fdUrq ctV dks rksfojkV iw ¡tkoknh ra=k vkSj ?kksVkys igys gh gt+e djtkrs gS a] x+jhcks a ds uke ij [kpZ gksus okys èku ls HkhbUgha ds yXxw&HkXxw ekykeky gksrs gS aA

fiQygky bl fcy vFkok ,slh reke ;kstukvks a


ij FkksM+h ckr dj ysrs gS aA pkgs [kk| lqj{kk fcy gks]eujsxk tSlh ;kstuk gks] feM&Ms&ehy ;kstuk gks ;kjkT; ljdkjks a dh reke ;kstuk,¡] vly esa ;s oksV dhiQly dkVus ds u;s&u;s gFkd.Ms gh gksrh gS aA bureke ;kstukvks a ls usrkvks a&eaf=k;ks a ls ysdj iw¡thifr;ks avkSj Bsdsnkjks a dh tscs a xje gksrh gS a vkSj vke turkrd dsoy twBu gh igq ¡prh gSA turk dks dqN [+kklugha feyrk fdUrq reke pqukoh enkfj;ks a dks oksV feyusdh lEHkkouk t+:j iSnk gks tkrh gSA [kk| lqj{kk ;kstukes a Hkh T+;knk lEHkkouk ;gh gS fd blls fMiks gksYMjks a][kk|kUu O;kikfj;ks a ds rks ikS&ckjg gks tk;s axs] fdUrqfcuk jk'ku dkMZ vkSj igpku ds 'kgjks a es a jgus okyhdjksM+k s a&djksM+ esgurd'k vkcknh vkSj xzkeh.k et+nwjvkcknh dks [kk| vlqj{kk gh feysxhA

[+k Sj] bl ckr dk s Nk sM +dj fd ,slh rekedY;k.kdkjh yxus okyh ;kstukvks a ls vke turk dksfdruk feysxk] psru Hkxr vkSj mu tSls vk¡[k dsvUèkks a vkSj xk¡B ds iwjks a dh ns'kHkfDriw.kZ fpUrkvks a ijvkrs gSaA oSls psru Hkxr dk [kk| lqj{kk fcy ds fojksèkdk nwljk dkj.k budk dkxzs al&uhr ;w-ih-,- ljdkj dkfojksèk Hkh gS D;ks afd ;s egksn; [kqn dks eksnh vkSjHkktik ds i{k es a [kM+k ikrs gS aA bl ij ge vkxsvk;saxsA

psru Hkxr Lo;a dks fdruk gh Kkuh iznf'kZr djsaij buds reke LrEHk ys[ku esa ew[kZrkiw.kZ nEHk viukflj mBk gh nsrk gSA LFkkukHkko ds dkj.k ge budsvFkZ'kkL=kh; Kku ds ,d vkS Sj uewus dks ns[kdj vkxsc<+ s axsA psru Hkxr vius jktuhfrd fnokfy;siu dsdkj.k èkqjUèkj ,u-th-vks-&iUFkh vjfoUn dstjhoky vkSjmudh ikVhZ ^vki* ij ,slk vkjksi yxkrs gS a fd ¶lUriw¡thokn¸ ds cspkjs HkDr dstjhoky Hkh LrCèk jg tk;saxs!Hkxr th dgrs gSa] ¶mUgsa u;h oS'ohd`r vFkZO;oLFkk dhT+;knk le> ugha gSA mudh fopkjèkkjk fodkl&fojksèkhokeiUFkh fopkjks a ds T+;knk d+jhc yxrh gS] tgk¡ ijreke fonsf'k;ks a] cM+h&cM+h dEifu;ks a vkSj vehj yksxks adks cqjk vkSj Hkz"V le>k tkrk gS] tcfd NksVs dkjksckjrFkk x+jhc yksx vPNs ekus tkrs gS aA ;g lksp Hkk"k.kks aes a rkfy;k¡ cVksjus ds fygkt+ ls rks [+k wc dkjxj gksldrh gS ysfdu jk"Vª dh vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, T+;knkughaA Hkys gh Hkkjr vkt Hkz"Vkpkj&eqDr ns'k gks tk;s]ysfdu rc Hkh ge ,d vehj ns'k ugha gks axsA lqfu;af=kriw ¡thokn] [kqyh vFkZO;oLFkkvks a vkSj eqDr ckt+kjks a usnqfu;k Hkj esa èku&lEifr fufeZr dh gSA gesa bUgs a eatwjdjuk pkfg,] rkfd Hkkjr esa Hkh ,slk gksA¸ lkezkT;oknhdEifu;ka s ds iQkm.Ms'kuks a ls yk[kks a MkWyj mBkus okysvkSj iw ¡thokn ds VqdM+[kksj dstjhoky lkgc us dHkh

lius es a Hkh ugha lkspk gksxk fd dksbZ mudh ut+nhdhokeiUFk ls Hkh fcBk ldrk gS! bruh ckj ¶Hkz"VkpkjeqDr iw ¡thokn¸(\) esa viuh fu"Bk trkus ds ckotwndksbZ lwjnkl gh dstjhoky lkgc ij ,slk vkjksi yxkldrk gS!

vgksHkkX; gekjh Hkkjr Hkwfe dk ftlus psru HkxrtSls egku vFkZ'kkL=kh dks iSnk fd;k gS rkfd ;s okeiUFkdh dfe;ks a vkSj iw ¡thokn dh fu;kerks a dks ns'k dhHkksyh&Hkkyh turk dks crk ldsa! okeiUFk ds ckjs es avius iwokZxzgks a ls Hkxr th us ;g lkfcr dj fn;k gS fdos Hkkjr ds ml eè;e oxZ ds gh ,d izfrfufèk gS a tksvius vèkdpjs Kku vkSj vKku ds ckotwn ?ke.M lsd q I i k g qv k jgr k g S A b Ug s a yxr k g S fdKku&foKku&bfrgkl dh reke tkudkfj;k¡ vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- vkSj vkbZ-vkbZ-,e- dh nhokjks a ds vUnj gh feyldrh gS aA Kkr jgs Hkxr th ds Kku Pk{kq Hkh bUghalaLFkkuks a es a [kqys gS a! blhfy, okeiUFk vkSj iw¡thokn dsckjs es a budh tkudkjh csgn x+yr vkSj vèkdpjh gSAdq,¡ ds es a<d dh rjg bUgs a dq,¡ ftruk gh vklekufn[kkbZ nsrk gS] blfy, okeiUFk ds fodkl&fojksèkh gksusds ckjs esa ;s viuh ,slh lksp j[k jgs gSa] ojuk 1917&56rd ds lksfo;r :l vkSj 1949&76 rd ds lektoknhphu ds ckjs es a dkSu ugha tkurkA bu nkSjk s a es a ekuorkus fodkl ds ,sls Mx Hkjs Fks fd iw¡thoknh cqf¼thfo;ks ard us bls Lohdkj fd;k gSA D;k dkj.k Fkk fd eè;;qxhutM+rk es a iM+k :l vUrfj{k es a lcls igys dne j[kldk\ ;gk¡ nqfu;k Hkj es a igyh ckj et+nwj jkt dk;edjds iapo"khZZ; ;kstukvksa }kjk fodkl dk 'kkunkj iz;ksxfd;k x;kA lksfo;r la?k es a lektokn ds fuekZ.k dksdq'ky usr`Ro nsus okys Lrkfyu dks f}rh; fo'o ;q¼ esaiQklhokn dks f'kdLRk nsus vkSj iwjs fo'o dks blds [+krjsls cpkus ds dkj.k gh rks iw ¡thoknh usrk vkSj cqtq ZvkehfM;k ^vady tks&vady tks* dgrs ugha v?kkrs FksA;g nhxj ckr gS fd lkezkT;okn&iw ¡thokn us ges'kklektokn ds f[kykiQ dqRlk izpkj gh fd;k gSA D;kdkj.k Fkk fd viQhe ds u'ks es a Mwck phu] tks Hkkjrls Hkh nks o"kZ ckn vkSifuosf'kd rkd+rks a ds vizR;{kizHkqRo ls vkt+kn gqvk Fkk] ekvks&Rls&rqÄ ds usr`Ro esagj {ks=k esa vo.kZuh; fodkl dj ik;k\ lektoknh nkSjks aes a bu ns'kks a esa csjkst+xkjh] Hkq q[kejh] x+jhch] vf'k{kk vkSjos';ko`fÙk tSlh leL;kvks a dks lekIr djus dh gn rddkcw es a dj fy;k x;k FkkA lekt dk ,slk :ikURkj.kdSls lEHko gks ik;k\ bu lokyks a dk tokc nsus dhmEehn ge psru Hkxr tSls ckt+k: ¶cqf¼thfo;ks a¸ lsugha djrs] ftudh lektokn ds ckjs esa le>nkjh fgLVªhpSuy] uSVft;ks] fMLdojh tSls vesfjdh lkezkT;oknh


Hkks aiqvks a vkSj iQqVikFk ij feyus okyh nks dkSM+h dhluluh[kst+ fdrkcks a ls cuh gSA

1956 ds ckn lksfo;r la?k ds lektokn dklksfo;r lkezkT;okn vkSj jktdh; iw¡thokn esa cnyukrFkk 1976 ds ckn lektoknh phu ds ckt+kj lektokn*esa :ikUrfjr gksuk ,d vyx ppkZ dk fo"k; gSA ysfdulektoknh nkSjks a es a bu ns'kks a es a gq, fodkl dks ,p-th-osYl] bZ-,p-dkj] Mkblu dkVZj] vUuk yqbZ LVªkax] ,MxjLuks ls ysdj vius ns'k ds iz sepUn] usg: vkSj VSxksjrd us lgkjk gS vkSj buesa ls vfèkdka'k dE;qfuLV ughaFksA ;g lwph vkSj Hkh yEch gks ldrh gS ysfdu psruHkxr tSls bruk gh i<+ ysa rks xuher gksxh!

vke turk es a okeiUFk ds izfr udkjkRed joS;sdk dkj.k lhihvkbZ] lhih,e&ekdkZ laa'kksèkuoknh ikfVZ;ksadh tufgrks a vkSj ekDlZokn ls x+n~nkjh dks ekuk tkldrk gS] ysfdu psru Hkxr tSls LoukeèkU; vFkZ'kkL=khds jktuhfrd fnokfy;siu dk ft+Eesnkj bu dkj.kks a dksugha Bgjk;k tk ldrkA psru Hkxr dk izLFkku fcUnqbudh iw ¡thokn ds izfr fu"Bk gh gS] blfy, bUgs aokLrfod lPpkb;k¡ fn[kk;h ugha nsrha cfYd igkM+h VV~Vwdh rjg fliQZ lkeus gh fn[krk gSA iw ¡thoknh O;oLFkk}kjk budh vk¡[kks a ij c¡èkh iV~Vh bUgs a dkiQh lqgkouhyxrh gSA Hkxr th us dHkh iwokZxzg ds fcuk okeiUFkhfopkjèkkjk dk vè;;u fd;k gh ugha gksxkA u gh buls,slh dksbZ mEehn dh tk ldrh gSA

nwljh ckr] tgk¡ rd lqfu;ksftr iw¡thokn] [kqyhvFkZO;oLFkkvks a vkSj eqDr ckt+kjks a ds }kjk nqfu;k Hkj esaèku&lEifÙk fufeZr djus dh rFkk ns'kks a dks vehj cukus*dh ckr gS ogk¡ yxrk gS psru Hkxr th fdlh nwljs xzgdh fnekxh lSj ij gS a] tgk¡ ij iw ¡thokn dk fodkl ghgks jgk gSA ;k ;s egksn; vHkh l=kgoha lnh esa gh th jgsgS a] vkSj iw ¡thokn ds vkxs ds bfrgkl ls ukokfdiQ+ gS aAblhfy, bUgas oSls gh iw¡thokn ds ckjs esa lcdqN vPNkgh yx jgk gS tSls ^lkou ds vUèks dks lc dqN gjkgh gjk fn[kkbZ nsrk gS*A ;g ckr lp gS fd vius'kq#vkrh nkSj esa ØkfUrdkjh jkLrs ls tgk¡ ij Hkh iw¡thoknvk;k ogk¡ u;s thou ewY;ks a vkSj le`f¼ dk l`tu gqvk]fdUrq ;g ckr Hkh bruh gh lp gS fd vk| iw¡th lap;(vkjfEHkd iw¡th lap;) dh izfØ;k ds nkSjku mu ns'kks adh turk dks Hkh vdFkuh; nq[k&rdyhiQs a mBkuh iM+haFkha] vius lalkèkuks a ls gkFk èkksuk iM+k Fkk] tSls baXyS.Mdk ckM+kcUnh vfHk;kuA mifuos'kokn ds nkSj dk iw ¡thlap; rks mifuos'kks a dh turk ds [kwu esa Mwck gqvk FkkAfuf'pr rkSj ij iw ¡thoknh O;oLFkk ds rgr yxkrkjiw ¡th lap; gksrk tkrk gSA ysfdu ;g iw¡th yxkrkjlekt ds mQij ds eqV~Bh Hkj vfrèkuk<~; oxks Z a ds gkFkks a

es a dsfUnzr gksrh tkrh gSA ,d rji+Q nqfu;k Hkj dslkt+k s&lkekuks a dk vEckj yxrk tkrk gS] rks nwljhrji+Q x+jhcksa] csjkst+xkjksa] cs?kjksa vkSj eqi+Qfylksa dk leUnjrS;kj gksrk tkrk gSA ;gh vUrjfojksèk vkt nqfu;k dsle`¼ ns'kks a es a Hkh iw ¡thokn&fojksèkh izfrjksèk vkUnksyuks adks Lor%LiQwrZ :i ls tUe ns jgk gSA le`f¼ vkSjèku&nkSyr dk l`tu gksuk vius vkiesa dksbZ ldkjkRedckr ugha gS] tc rd fd ;g lkjh users a cukus okyhesgurd'k vkcknh raxgkyh vkSj cngkyh esa èkdsyhtkrh jgsA D;k xqykeh izFkk okyk jkse le`¼ ugha Fkk\D;k fdlkuks a vkSj Hkwnklks a dh ywV ij fVds eè;;qxhulkezkT; le`¼ ugha Fks\ fuf'pr :i ls oSlh vkMEcjiw.kZvkSj iru'khy le`f¼ bfrgkl ml le; ds ckn ls lhèksvkt Hkkjr tSls ns'kksa ds vfrèkuk<~; oxksZ a dh thou'kSyhesa ns[k jgk gSA ;fn vkt dh ckr dh tk; rks ¶le`¼¸iw¡thoknh ns'kks a es a mBus okys tukUnksyu fdl pht+ dhvksj b'kkjk dj jgs gS a\ lkoZtfud enks a es a dVkSrh vkSjuomnkjoknh uhfr;ks a ds dkj.k baXyS.M] izQk al] dukMk];wuku vkSj xzhl tSls ns'kks a es a vHkh gky ds o"kks Z a es a gq,izn'kZu D;k fn[kyk jgs gS a\ vesfjdk ds okWy LVªhVdCtk djks vfHk;ku (vkD;wikbZ okWy LVªhV ewoes.V)dk D;k eryc Fkk\ Hkxrth dks csodwiQh Hkjs ?ke.Mesa cgdus dh ctk; bu lokyks a dk tokc Hkh nsukpkfg,A

[+k Sj] psru Hkxr dks bl ckr ls T+;knk i+QdZ ughaiM+sxk fd ftl O;oLFkk dh ;s iSjksdkjh dj jgs gSa] mlusbl nqfu;k dh O;kid esgurd'k turk dks ;q¼ka s]Hkq[kejh] csjkst+xkjh vkSj vkRegR;kvks a ds flok; dqNugha fn;k gSA fiQj Hkh irk ugha bUgs a D;ks a ,slh nqfu;kpkfg, gh ftlesa vk¡lqvks a ds leUnj ds chp xxuPkqEch bekjrs gks a] tgk¡ ij mPp eè;e oxZ dk ,dfgLlk vius eksVkis vkSj vius dqÙkks a ds lkFk iw¡thifr;ksadh pkdjh ctk lds! lkekftd MkfOkZuokn ds leFkZd,sls yksxk s a dks O;kid turk dh rkdr o mlds[kwu&ilhus dh dher dk rHkh irk pysxk tc buds¶LoxZ¸ dks vtk;c?kj dh oLrq cuk fn;k tk;sxkArkfdZdrk dh nqgkbZ nsdj ?kksj vrkfdZd gksdj ckrdjuk ;g fn[kkrk gS fd ;s egksn; Nikl (vius ys[kNius dh yyd) esa viuh bZekunkjh vkSj t+ehj dkscsbZekuh dh bUrgk¡ rd csp&[kk pqds gSaA Nikl blfy,rkfd budh ckt+kj dher esa btkiQ+k gks ldsA yxs gkFkbuds jpuk lalkj esa ls ,d&nks pht+ka a s dh uqekb'k vkSjdj yh tk;A

psru Hkxr dk ys[ku ^dgha dk iRFkj dgha dkjksM+k Hkkuerh us dquck tksM+k* 'kSyh es a gksrk gSA ogk¡vkidks HkksFkjs ?ke.M ds vykok T+;knk dqN ugha feysxkA


fiQj Hkh buds dqN #>kuks a dh >yd fey gh tkrh gSAmnkgj.k ds fy, psru Hkxr dk lkEiznkf;d #>ku]ftls ;s Jheku 'kCnks a dh pk'kuh esa Mqcksdj izLrqr djrsgSaA ,d eqfLye ;qod dk dkYifud i=k* uked viusys[k esa budk ;g #>ku lkiQ rkSj ij fn[krk gSA eqfLye;qod ds gokys ls psru Hkxr dk dguk gS fd Hkkjresa vius ekStwnk gkykr dk ft+Eesnkj Hkkjrh; eqlyekuLo;a gS a] fd eqlyeku èkeZ dks ns'k ls vfèkd rjthgnsrs gS a] fd os >q.M esa oksV nsrs gS a] fd bUga s èkeZ dhfpUrk gS fodkl vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj dh ugha] vkfn&vkfnAbUgks aus rFkkdfFkr eqfLye usrkvks a dks dSls iQVdkjk gStjk ,d ut+j ns[k ysrs gS aA buds vuqlkj] ¶Hkkjrh;viuh vkt+knh ls I;kj djrs gSaA Hkkjrh; ugha pkgrs fdmuds èkkfeZd usrk crk,¡ fd fdls oksV ns aA cM+h la[;kes a vkèkqfud Hkkjrh; eqlyeku èkeZ dks jktuhfr lsvyx j[kuk pkgrs gS aA ;gk¡ vki vly esa enn djldrs gS aA vki t+ksj ns ldrs gS a fd Hkkjr igys vkrkgS] gekjs leqnk; dh dV~Vj vkokt+k s a dks fdukjs djldrs gSaA ysfdu vki esa ls dksbZ Hkh ,slk ugha dj jgkAvki lHkh izfrxkeh gS a] gekjs lkFk >q.M tSlk O;ogkjdjrs gS a vkSj gekjs :f<+okfn;ks a vkSj dV~Vjokfn;ks a dki{k ysr s g a S A¸ psru Hkxr ew[k Z gh ugh a cfYdvlaosnu'khy Hkh gSaA Hkkjr esa vkSifuosf'kd nkSj ls ysdjvkt rd dk bfrgkl crkrk gS fd 'kkld oxZlkEiznkf;d rkdrks a dk tathj es a cUèks dqRrs dh rjgbLrseky djrk jgk gSA vkt+knh ls igys iQwV Mkyks&jktdjks* dh uhfr ds rgr ;g dke vaxz st+ djrs Fks] cknesa bldk Bsdk Hkkjr ds 'kkld oxZ us ys fy;kA vkt+knHkkjr esa eqfLyeks a ds vius es a fleV dj jg tkus dsdkj.k jgs gaSA buesa lcls eq[; dkj.k gS fgUnqRo ds ukeij ^jk"Vªh; Lo;alsod la?k* (vkj,l,l) vkSj fgUnwegklHkk tSls iQklhoknh laxBuksa dh lkEiznkf;d jktuhfrAbuds }kjk "kM~ ~;U=k ns'k dh vkt+knh ds igys gh 'kq:dj fn;s x;s FksA tSls pksjh&fNis v;ksè;k ds fooknkLin<k¡ps es a ¶jkeyyk¸ dh ewfrZ j[kokukA fiQj èkhjs&èkhjsbUgks aus lkEiznkf;drk dks [kkn&ikuh nsdj vLlh dsn'kd esa [kqydj viuk ohHkRl :i fn[kkuk 'kq: djfn;kA fooknkLin <k¡ps dks fxjkus ls igys jFk;k=kkvks adk vk;k stu] lkEiznkf;d naxs] 2002 dk xqtjkrdRysvke vkfn buds izeq[k "kM~;U=k gSaA blh lkEiznkf;djktuhfr ds dkj.k eqfLye vkcknh vius es a gh fleVdj jg x;hA mls ns'k esa nks;e nt+s Z dk ukxfjd le>kx;kA dkaxz sl us Hkh le;≤ ij uje lkEiznkf;drkdk dkMZ [ksyk gSA bUgha dkj.kksa dh otg ls vYila[;ddV~Vjrk us Hkh vius iSj ilkjs gS a] blesa dksbZ nks jk;ugha gSA fdUrq ;fn dksbZ Hkkjr esa dV~Vjrk dk Bhdjkdsoy vYila[;dksa ij gh iQksM+ ns vkSj viuh cngkyh

ds fy, mUgs a gh ft+Eesnkj Bgjk ns rks mldh eaa'kk dksle>uk T+;knk eqf'dy ugha gSA HkkM+ s ds dye?klhVvYila[;d vkcknh ds nnZ dks D;k le> ldrs gS a!

vius ,d nwljs ys[k es a Hkh psru Hkxr dqN blhrjg dk foèkok foyki djrs gS fd xksèkjk dk.M vkSjmlds ckn gq, vYila[;dksa ds d+Rysvke ds fy, dksbZO;fDr ;k lewg ugha cfYd ge Lo;a(!\) gh ft+EesnkjgS a] fd geus vius eu ds vUnj fNis jk{klks a dks ughaekjk gS! ;s iQjekrs gS a] ¶ge ;g tkuuk gh ugha pkgrsfd vkf[kj ,slk D;k gS fd ge Vsªuks a dks tykus vkSjnaxk djus ds fy, bruh vklkuh ls mÙksftr gks tkrs gSaAge lksprs gh ugha fd tks gqvk mlds fy, fdlh rjgge Hkh ft+Eesnkj gS aA vius vki ls ;g loky iwfN, &D;k fdlh Hkh Lrj ij ge ,slh Hkkouk,¡ ikyus ds nks"khgSa] tks ns'k ds fy, vPNh ugha gSa\ le; vk x;k gS fdFkksM+k eUFku djsa] 'kfeZUnxh eglwl djsa vkSj blls ckgjfudysaA blds fy, fdlh ,d O;fDr dks ekiQh ek¡xusdh t+:jr ugha gSA bldh ctk; ge lcdks ekiQhek¡xuh pkfg,A le; vk x;k gS fd ge vius vUnj dsjk{klks a dk lkeuk djs aA¸ ;gk¡ ij vly esa psru Hkxr'kkld oxZ ds mlh n`f"Vdks.k dks j[k jgs gS a ftldsvuqlkj 'kksf"kr vius 'kks"k.k ds fy, Lo;a gh ft+Eesnkjgksrk gSA bldks bUgks aus ,sls j[kk gS fd vYila[;dleqnk; viuh izrkM+uk ds fy, Lo;a gh nks"kh gSA viusvUnj jk{klks a dks ekjus* ds uke ij ckgj ?kwe jgsjk{klks a dks NwV nsuk dgk¡ dk balkiQ+ gS\ ¶fgUnqRo¸ dsuke ij lkEiznkf;drk dh uiq ald gqadkj dk rks tSlspsru Hkxr dks irk gh ugha gSA blhfy, ;s vkj,l,lds xqxks Z a dk dgha uke rd ugha ysrs tcfd vtesj'kjhiQ] eDdk efLtn] ekysxkao vkSj le>kSrk ,Dlizslvkfn esa gq, foLiQksVks a esa budk lhèks&lhèks gkFk gksus dslcwr iwjs ns'k ds lkeus gSaA tuojh] 2012 esa Jhjke lsusls tqM+ s dqN ¶dk;ZdÙkkZvks a¸ us rks dukZVd ds chtkiqjds flUnxh rglhynkj ds dk;kZy; ij ikfdLrku dk>.Mk gh iQgjk fn;k Fkk] rkfd ;s naxksa dh vkx esa viusgkFk lasd ldsaA 'kqØ gS le; jgrs ;s xq.Ms idM+s x;sojuk irk ugha fdrus csxqukg eqlyeku ;qod lyk[kks ads ihNs gksrsA psru Hkxr ds vuqlkj xqtjkr naxks a dsfy, ,d O;fDr (ujsUnz eksnh) dks ekiQh ek¡xus dht+:jr ugha gS] cfYd ge lHkh (\) dks ekiQh ek¡xuhpkfg,A bu lc ckrksa ls yxrk gS fd eksnh dh czkf.Max*(;kuh fdlh dks czk.M dh rjg izLrqr djds udkjkRedNfo dks ldkjkRed Nfo ds eqYYkes rys <¡duk) dhNksVh&eksVh Bsdsnkjh psru Hkxr dks Hkh feyh gS! D;ksafdeksnh dh czkf.Max dh cM+h Bsdsnkj ¶,sidks oYMZokbM¸uked ,tsUlh gS] ftls eksnh us vxLr 2007 ls ekpZ2013 rd 25]000 MkWyj izfrekg viuh czkf.Max ds


fy, fn;s FksA (Kkr gks blh ,tsUlh dh lsok,¡ vesfjdkds jk"Vªifr cjkd vksckek us Hkh yh FkhA)

vc t+jk psru Hkxr dh eksnh&HkfDr vkSj jk"Vªdks èkeZ ls vyx djus ds ckjs es a buds nksgjs ekin.Mdks Hkh ns[krs gS aA vius ys[kks a es a vDlj gh ;s dkiQhfpfUrr jgrs gS a] fd 2014 esa Hkktik dSls thrsxh vkSjizèkkuea=kh dh dqlhZ ij eksnh dSls cSBs aA vius ,d ys[kesa psru Hkxr crkrs gSa fd eksnh dks izèkkuea=kh dh dqlhZrd igq¡pkus ds fy, Hkktik dks D;k&D;k djuk pkfg,Abuds vuqlkj lgh ek=kk es a Hkxokdj.k gks] tkfr dhjktuhfr dk iwjk mi;ksx gksuk pkfg,] ekbØks dSEisfuaxdk Lrj gksuk pkfg, ftlesa eksnh dks czk.M dh rjg lsizLrqr fd;k tk lds] Hkktik dks iwjh rjg ls eksnh dkleFkZu djuk pkfg,] eksnh dh fu.kkZ;d {kerk dkHkjiwj izpkj gks vkfnA (ns[ks a] ¶2014 esa thr dk jkLrkdSls fudysxk\¸) ;s uhrh'k dqekj dks Hkktik ls xBcUèkurksM+us ij lykg nsrs gS a] ¶njvly ;fn vkids eu esafdlh dh èkeZfujis{krk dks ysdj la'k; gS Hkh] rc rksvkidh vkSj Hkh T;knk t+:jr gSA ,sls esa vki lkEiznkf;dizo`fÙk;ks a ij vadq'k ds fygkt+ ls csgrj lUrqyudkjhlkfcr gks axsA oSls vxj jktuhfrd [ksy dh ckr djas rkseksnh ds izfr vkidh fgpd dk ,d lekèkku gks ldrkgSA ekspsZ ij dksbZ ,slk izR;k'kh gks ldrk gS] tks vfèkdLohdk;Z gS vkSj eksnh mlds ihNs gks ldrs gS aA ;glkeus jgsxk] ftlls vki [kq'k jgsaxs] exj rc Hkh fu;a=k.keksnh dk jgsxkA vki ,d czk.M gS aA 2014 dks ,dvlyh laxzke cuk,¡ ftlls csgrj ;ks¼k ds flj thr dklsgjk c¡èksA¸ vc vyx ls ;g crkus dh t:jr ugha gSfd gekjs ukSnkSyfr;s ¶fopkjd¸ psru Hkxr Hkkjr esaiQklhokn ds lcls cM+s izrhd ds izèkkuea=kh cuus dsfy, iyd&ik¡oM+ s fcNkdj ,d pkj.k dh rjg mldhvH;FkZuk es a yhu gS aA viuh uaxbZ dks bruh cs'kehZ dslkFk j[kus dk dkj.k ;k rks budh csodwiQh gks ldrhgS ;k budh viuh 'kkld oxhZ; i{kèkjrk fdUrq ,slsdyef?kLlqvks a dks Hkh ikBd feyuk lpeqp peRdkjgh gSA psru Hkxr ds gh vuqlkj gekjk ns'k peRdkjks adk ns'k gS!

vc t+jk ,d peRdkj psru Hkxr ds nksxysiudk Hkh ns[k fy;k tk;A ,d eqfLye ;qod dk dkYifudi=k* uked vius ys[k esa bUgks aus dgk gS] ¶Hkkjrh; ughapkgrs fd muds èkkfeZd usrk crk,¡ fd fdls oksV ns avkSj ge Hkkjrh; gS aA cM+h la[;k esa Hkkjrh; eqlyekuèkeZ vkSj jktuhfr dks vyx j[kuk pkgrs gS aA ;gk¡ vkivly esa enn dj ldrs gSA vki t+ksj ns ldrs gS a fdHkkjr igys vkrk gS] gekjs leqnk; dh dV~Vj vkoktks adks fdukjs dj ldrs gSA¸ fdUrq nwljh rjiQ bUgks aus2014 esa Hkktik dks thrus ds fy, D;k czãKku fn;k

gS bls Hkh ns[krs gaSA ;s crkrs gSa lgh ek=kk esa Hkxokdj.kgks buds vuqlkj] ¶vxj dk¡xz sl eqlyekuks a ij fu'kkuyxkrh gS rks Hkktik ds ikl fgUnqvks a ij fu'kku yxkusds vykok dksbZ pkjk ugha gSA fiQj Hkh ldkjkRedfgUnqRo ;qokvks a ij csgrj vlj djsxkA ldkjkRedfgUnqRo èkkfeZd fØ;k ;k fl¼kUr ugha gS] ;g Hkkjr dksvkèkqfud] lqjf{kr] oSKkfud] eqDr] mnkj vkSj vPNslaLdkj okyk lekt cukus ds lEcUèk es a gSA¸

okg js ¶rdZf'kjk sef.k¸! yxrk gS t+ehj dkfØ;kdeZ gh dj pqds gksA ;s nks ekud fdlfy, gSa\eqfLyeks a dks rks vki èkeZ dks jktuhfr ls tksM+us dsdkj.k iQVdkjrs gS a] fdUrq ¶fgUnqRo¸ dk oksV cS ad dsfy, bLrseky vkidks t+:jh eglwl gksrk gS\ pUnflDdksa ds fy, vka;&cka;&lka; dqN Hkh fy[k nsuk] D;kvkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- vkSj vkbZ-vkbZ-,e- es a vkidks ;gh f'k{kkfeyh gS\ vkSj ;s ¶ldkjkRed fgUnqRo¸ dk vkfo"dkjvkidh ekSfyd nsu gS ;k bls fdlh la?kh ds eq[kkjfoUnls pqjkdj yk;s gks\ egk'k; fdlh Hkh izdkj dh dV~Vjrkges'kk lekt esa t+gj ?kksyus dk gh dke djrh gSA¶ldkjkRed fgUnqRo¸ dk 2002 dk xqtjkrh iz;ksx D;kbl ckr dks le>us ds fy, dkiQh ugha gS\ vly esaiQklhokn Hkh iw¡thokn ds reke psgjka s esa ls ,d psgjkgksrk gSA gksuk rks ;gh pkfg, fd èkeZ dks jktuhfr lsvyx fd;k tkuk pkfg,] ysfdu iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk es abl ckr dh lEHkkouk uXk.; gksrh gS fd èkkfeZd ukjks avkSj èkeZ dk jktuhfrd bLrseky u gksA njvly psruHkxr dh nksxyh uhfr muds fnekx esa Hkjs iwokZxzg vkSjlkEiznkf;drk ds dwM+ s dks gh fn[kkrh gSA ,d dgkorgS fd ;fn pwgk fcYyh ij g¡ls rks le>ks mldk xM~<kikl gh gS*A njvly psru Hkxr iwjh rjg ls vk'oLrga S fd muds vkdk izèkkuea=kh cu gh tk;s axsA ;k rkspsru Hkxr laf?k;ks a ds iQklhoknh iqj[kks a (fgVyj oeqlksfyuh) ds gJ ls ukokfdiQ gSa] ;k fgVyj dk izpkjea=kh xks;cYl] ftldk lkspuk Fkk fd ^lkS ckj cksyusls dksbZ >wB Hkh lp cu tkrk gS* budk vkn'kZ Z gSA

fu"d"kZ ds rkSj ij ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS] fdpsru Hkxr tSls HkkM+ s ds dye?klhV ftUgs a lekt]foKku] bfrgkl ds ckjs esa t+jk Hkh Kku ugha gksrk dsoyvius ew[kZrkiw.kZ cM+cksysiu ds cwrs gh viuh ckSf¼dnqdkunkjh [kM+h dj ysrs gS aA egkuxjks a es a eè;e oxZ ds;qok vkidks esVªk s vkfn esa psru Hkxr dh ¶jpuk,¡¸i<+rs vklkuh ls fn[k tk;s axsA Hkkjr tSls ns'k es a tksvkSifuosf'kd nkSj ls gh ckSf¼d dqiks"k.k dk f'kdkj gS]psru Hkxr tSlks a dh nky vklkuh ls xy tkrh gSAfdUrq bl izdkj ds cxqyk Hkxrks a dh [+kcj ysuk csgnt+:jh gSA buds ckSf¼d x+:j dks èoLr djuk eqf'dyugha gS] fdUrq t+:jh vo'; gSA


fiNys ukS lkyksa ls ;g ekeyk le;≤ ij rst+vkSj eUn gksrk jgk ysfdu yxkrkj ;g jkT; }kjk izk;ksftrfgalk vkSj iQt+hZ eqBHksM+ dh lPpkbZ dks ph[k&ph[k djc;k¡ djrk jgkA dy dks ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd b'kjrtgk¡ iQt+hZ eqBHksM+ esa ekjs x;s pkjksa yksxksa dks fdlh vkradoknhlaxBu dk [+krjukd lnL; fl¼ dj fn;k tk;s_ ;g djukjkT; vkSj mldh lqj{kk ,tsafl;ksa ds fy, cM+h gh vke ckrgS vkSj ns'k ds ,d fgLls dks buds ekjs tkus dh okftcotg Hkh fey tk;sA ysfdu blds ckn Hkh dqN loky ,slsgSa ftudks gesa [kqn ls vkSj ,d lekt dks ftlesa vxjFkksM+h Hkh ekuork vkSj foosd gks] Lo;a ls iwNuk gh pkfg,AlkFk gh lkFk vkt ge ftl 'kklu O;oLFkk ls lapkfyrgks jgs gaS mlds fØ;kdykiksa vkSj vUroZLrq ij Hkh lkspusdh t+:jr gSA

ge ml ?kVuk dk ft+Ø dj jgs gSa ftls yxHkx ukSo"kZ iwoZ 15 twu 2004 dks xqtjkr ds vgenkckn esa xqtjkriqfyl vkSj ,l-vkbZ-ch- (lfClfM;jh baVsfytsal C;wjks) usvatke fn;k FkkA blesa eqEcbZ dh 19 o"khZ; Nk=kk b'kjrtgk¡ o rhu vU; yksxksa dks ekj Mkyk x;k FkkA bls ,deqBHksM+ crk;k x;kA ;g dgk x;k fd ;s pkjkas ¶vkradoknh¸xqtjkr ds eq[;ea=kh ujsaæ eksnh dks ekjus ds bjkns ls vk,FksA 'kq: ls gh bl ¶eqBHksM+¸ dks reke laxBuksa vkSj,fDVfoLVksa us iQt+hZ crk;k vkSj bl ij mPp&Lrjh; tk¡pdh ek¡x dh x;hA vkSj rc ls jktuhfrd nk¡oisp ds chp;g vHkh rd py jgk gSA foxr 3 tqykbZ 2013 dks blekeys ij lh-ch-vkbZ- us vius 1500 iUuksa dh tk¡p fjiksVZis'k dh ftleas gR;k dh lkft+'k dh ,d Hk;adj rLohjlkeus vkrh gSA lh-ch-vkbZ- }kjk xqtjkr gkbZdksVZ eas nk;jbl pktZ'khV esa dgk x;k gS fd ;g xqtjkr iqfyl vkSj,l-vkbZ-Vh- ds "kM~;U=k dk urhtk gSA lh-ch-vkbZ- fjiksVZ esaxqtjkr iqfyl vfèkdkjh MhvkbZth Mh- th- oat+kjk] vfrfjDrMhthih ih-ih-ik.Ms] th- ,y- fla?ky] r#.k cjksV] ts- th-ijekj] vuktw pkSèkjh] vkSj ,u- ds- vehu dks vkjksihcrk;k x;k gSA fjiksVZ eas dgk x;k gS fd fla?ky] cjksV]pkSèkjh vkSj vehu us b'kjr vkSj mlds lkfFk;ksa ij xksyhpyk;hA ;|fi lh-ch-vkbZ- us eq[;ea=kh ujsUnz eksnh rFkkmlds lg;ksxh vfer 'kkg dk uke ugha fy;k gS ysfdubl iwjs izdj.k eas muds gkFk gksus ds i;kZIr lw=k gSaA

[kqfiQ;k foHkkx ds vfèkdkjh jktsUæ dqekj] ih- feÙky]jktho oku[ksM+s vkSj ,e- ds- flUgk dks "kM~;U=k es 'kkfeycrk;k x;k gSA lh-ch-vkbZ- us viuh fjiksVZ esa dgk gS fd[kqfiQ;k foHkkx ds vfèkdkjh vehu vkSj cjksV us b'kjrtgk¡ vkSj izk.ks'k fiYyS miQZ tkosn 'ks[k dks 12 twu 2004dks vkuan ftys ds Vksy cwFk ls ,e- ds- flUgk vkSj jkthooku[ksM+s dh enn ls fxjÝ+rkj fd;k vkSj muls iwNrkN dhxbZA fla?ky iwjs ekeys eas xqtjkr iqfyl ds la;kstd ds:i eas dke dj jgk FkkA nks vU; O;fDr vetn vyhjk.kk vkSj th'kku tkSgj dks Hkh igys ls gh fxjÝ+rkj djdsmuls iwNrkN dh x;h vkSj bu lHkh dks ¶eqBHksM+¸ lsigys fofHkUu iQkeZ gkmlksa esa j[kk x;k rFkk gR;k ls igysiQt+hZ eqBHksM+ okyh txg ij yk;k x;kA lh-ch-vkbZ- lzksrksaus rRdkyhu x`g jkT; ea=kh 'kkg vkSj eq[;ea=kh ujasæ eksnhls eqBHksM+ eas 'kkfey yksxksa ls ckrphr dh ckr igys dghFkhA MhvkbZth Mh-th-oat+kjk vkSj vfrfjDr Mhthih ih-ih-ik.Ms us eqBHksM+ dh ,iQ+vkbZvkj ,d fnu igys gh rS;kjdj yh Fkh rFkk tks gfFk;kj b'kjr vkSj mlds lkfFk;ksa dsikl gksuk fn[kk;k x;k mls Hkh [kqfiQ;k foHkkx us gh miyCèkdjok;k FkkA

lh-ch-vkbZ- dh ;g fjiksVZ b'kjr vkSj rhu vU;yksxksa ds iQt+hZ eqBHksM+ dh tks rLohj gekjs lkeus is'k djjgh gS ;g Hkys gh jktuhfrd xqxksZa dks NksM+ dsoy iqfylvkSj ,l-vkbZ-ch- rd lhfer gS ysfdu ;g blls vfèkdO;kid gSA lh-ch-vkbZ- dh bl tk¡p ls igys Hkh bl ekeysdks ysdj tks tk¡p vkSj izdj.k lkeus vk, gSa og Hkhjktuhfr] iqfyl vkSj ,l-vkbZ-ch- dh f?kukSuh lk¡Bxk¡B dkslkeus ykrk gSA blh ekeys dh tk¡p fjiksVZ 7 flracj 2009dks esVªksiksfyVu eftLVªsV ,l-ih-rekax us esVªksiksfyVu dksVZdks lkSaih Fkh_ ftlesa bl eqBHksM+ dks iQt+hZ djkj fn;k x;kFkkA fjiksVZ eas bls ^dksYM CyMsM eMZj* dgk x;k FkkA 9flracj 2009 dks xqtjkr gkbZdksVZ us bl ij jksd yxkrs gq,,l-vkbZ-Vh- dks blds tk¡p dh ft+Eesnkjh lkSaihA flracj2010 dks ,l- vkbZ- Vh- izeq[k vkj- ds- jk?kou us tk¡pdjus ls bUkdkj dj fn;k vkSj ubZ ,l-vkbZ-Vh- dk xBufd;k x;kA 29 tqykbZ 2011 dks jktho jatu oekZ dks ,l-vkbZ-Vh- dk u;k ps;jeSu cuk;k x;k vkSj uoacj 2011 easbldh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj ¶eqBHksM+¸ esa 'kkfey yksxksa ds

lekt

b'kjr tgk¡---,d fujUrj lokylllll izse izdk'k


f[+kyki+Q dsl nt+Z djus ds vkns'k fn;s x,Abl tk¡p dh dgkfu;k¡ vkSj orZeku lh-ch-vkbZ- fjiksVZ

ftl rjiQ b'kkjk dj jgh gSa] ml iQt+hZ eqBHksM+ dh dgkuhns'k ds ,d fgLls dks irk gSA ysfdu dqN iz'uksa dksehfM;k ftl rjg ls mBk jgh gS mlls og ,d ckj fiQjls ¶eqBHksM+ dks tk;t+ Bgjkus dh ekufldrk cuk jgh gSAtSls fd D;k os vkradoknh ugha Fks\ D;k os ujsaæ eksnh dksekjuk pkgrs Fks\ D;k muls xqtjkr dks [+krjk Fkk\ njvly;s ogh iz'u gaS ftudh vkM+ eas jkT; fgalk dks tk;t+Bgjkus ds fy, ¶jk"Vª&izse¸ vkSj ¶jk"Vªlqj{kk¸ ds feFk dksiwT; vkSj iz'usrj cuk nsrk gSA ek=k bu tqeyksa ls gh fdlhdh gR;k djus ds fy, jkT; oSèkrk ds fy, tu ekufldrkdk fuekZ.k djrk gSA ofj"B odhy ds-Vh-,l- rqylh dgrsgSa] ¶vxj iqfyl dks 'kd+ Fkk rks mu ij eqdnek pykrs]ekj ugha Mkyuk pkfg, FkkA ;g lkiQ&lkiQ gR;k gSA¸lafoèkku dh nqgkbZ vkSj U;k;ky; dh xfjek dk jkx vykiusokyh lRrk dk lkjk ¶U;k;cksèk¸ rc dgk¡ pyk tkrk gS\D;k ge bl ckr ls vifjfpr gSa fd fdlh dks lM+d lsmBkdj vkradoknh ?kksf"kr dj ekj nsuk iqfyl vkSj [kqfiQ;k,tasfl;kas ds fy, fdruk vklku gS\ ehfM;k }kjk vkSjorZeku fiQYeksa }kjk jk"Vªokn dk tks laLdj.k lekt dsefLr"d esa vafdr fd;k tk jgk gS mleas fcuk lksps gh¶jk"Vª ds leFkZu eas jk"Vª&jkT; ftls fojksèkh ;k ¶vkradoknh¸?kksf"kr djrk gS mlls vkWu fn LikWV* fuiV ysus vkSj [+kRedj nsus dh ,d #X.k ekufldrk iSnk gqbZ gSA vkRejfrvkSj LokFkZ dh laLÑfr us vkt dqN eqn~nksa dks lksp dsnk;js ls ckgj dj fn;k gSA ;g [kqn dks b'kjr vkSj mldslkfFk;ksa dh txg ij j[kdj gh ns[kk tk ldrk gSA 'kk;n;g iz'u fd vkf[+kj b'kjr Fkh dkSu] ges'kk vuqRrfjr ghjgsA ;g dgk¡ rd Bhd gksxk fd ¶vkradokn vkSj lqj{kk¸ds uke ij fdlh dks idM+dj ekjus dh NwV iqfyl vkSj[kqfiQ;k ,tsafl;ksa dks ns nh tk;s \ b'kjr vkSj vU; ¶eqBHksM+ksaesa ekjs tkus okys yksx Hkfo"; ds LoIuksa ls ;qDr gekjs rjggh balku gSa ftudh vk'kkvksa vkSj thou dh gR;k jkT;yxkrkj dj jgk gSA bl 19 o"kZhZ; Nk=kk dh txg dksbZ Hkhgks ldrk gS ftls vius LokFkZ] infyIlk vkSj yksHk ds fy,jkT; ds izfrfufèk;ksa o uqekbUnksa }kjk dRy fd;k tk ldrkgS vkSj blds fy, rks mldk O;oLFkk fojksèkh gksuk Hkht+:jh ugha gSA cl og lgt gh fey tk;s vkSj jkT; dsvius vUrfoZjksèkksa dks gy djus ds fy, mls mi;qDr gksA,sls le; eas os O;fDr tks O;oLFkk dh orZeku lksp lsfHkUu lekt ds cnyko vkSj ifjorZu dh lksp j[krs gSa ;kblds neu dk izfrjksèk djrs gSa bu ¶eqBHksM+ksa¸ dk f'kdkjgksrs gSaA

iw¡thoknh jkT; viuh lrr~ izk;ksftr gR;kvksa] ftleasO;oLFkkxr gR;kvksa ds lkFk lRrk dh vekuoh; opZLooknh

izofRr ds dkj.k mBrs izfrjksèk ds izR;{k neu vkSj tulagkjHkh 'kkfey gSa] dh Lohd`fr ds fy, yxkrkj ,slh lksp iSnkdjrk gS tks turk dh lk>h leL;kvksa vkSj t+:jrksa lsè;ku gVkdj yksxksa dks ck¡Vus dk dke djsA d'ehj ds'kks"k.k vkSj d'ehjh turk ds neu ds fy, ek=k ;g crknsuk jkT; ds fy, dkiQh gS fd ¶eqBHksM+¸ eas ekjk x;kO;fDr ¶d'ehjh vyxkooknh vkradh¸ Fkk vkSj mldkikfdLrku ls lEcUèk Fkk vkSj jk"Vª dk ,d oxZ xoZ ls>weus yxrk gSA cgqrksa ds fy, ;g iz'uksa dh lhek ls ckgjpyk tkrk gSA ;gk¡ ¶v[kafMr jk"Vª dk ¶jk"Vªokn¸ cksyrkgSA 1984 ds naxksa ds ckn jkT; }kjk reke fl[k uo;qodksadh gR;k fl[k vkradokn ds uke ij tk;t+ Fkh! iwokZsRrjesa dh tk jgh reke iQt+hZ eqBHksM+ vyxkookfn;ksa vkSjvkrad ds uke ij tk;t+ gS! vius vfèkdkjksa ds fy, yM+jgs yksxksa vkSj turk ds chp mlds la?k"kksZa ds fy, [kM+suo;qodksa fd gR;k dh Lohdfr dks vkt jkT; ¶ekvksokn¸ds uke ij tk;t+ Bgjk jgk gSA ¶jk"Vªokn¸ vkSj fgUnwekufldrk ds rqf"Vdj.k ds fy, vkradokn ds uke ijeqlyeku uo;qodksa dh gR;k lnSo gh mxz fgUnw jk"VªoknvkSj uje fgUnw lkEiznkf;drk ds fy, iz'usrj vkSj rqf"Vdj.kdk gfFk;kj jgk gSA vkSj tc ;g gR;kvksa dk flyflykbruk vfèkd c<+ tk;s fd bldks <¡duk jkT; ds fy,eqf'dy gks tk;s vFkok lRRkkèkkjh oxZ ds vius vUrfoZjksèkksads dkj.k dksbZ ekeyk lrg ij vk tk;s rks jkT; dh'kqfprk vkSj tk¡p dk lrr~ vlekIr [ksy 'kq: gks tkrkgSA iQkSt+h viQljksa vkSj iqfyl vfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk csjkst+xkj;qodksa vkSj et+nwjksa dh vkradh ds :i eas iQt+hZ eqBHksM+ksaesa gR;k dh reke nkLrkusa gSaA iQjojh 1991 eas d'ehj esalkewfgd cykRdkj dh ?kVuk] lkewfgd dczas] mRrj&iwoZ esareke vR;kpkj vkSj vkfnoklh bykdksa esa xk¡oksa dk lkewfgdlagkj vkt+kn vkSj gsepUn tSls yksxksa ds iQt+hZ eqBHksM+_ ;gleku :i ls gj rjiQ tkjh gSA [kqn iqfyl vkSj [kqfi+Q;kfoHkkx ds yksxksa }kjk blds tufojksèkh vkSj lkEiznkf;dpfj=k ds ckjs eas dbZ ckj dgk x;k gSA ehfM;k }kjk b'kjrekeys dks ftl luluh ds rkSj ij is'k fd;k tk jgk gS]mlesa ;g tufojksèkh bl vlekurkiw.kZ lekt esa iw¡th dhlRrk] jktuhfr] dk;Zikfydk vkSj U;;k;ikfydk ds oxhZ;xBtksM+ ds fu;e ds :i eas ugha cfYd dqN yksxksa dhxyfr;ksa vkSj foP;qfr;ksa ds :i esa lkeus vkrk gS] tkslRrk dks dqN =kqfV;ksa ds lkFk oSèkhdj.k nsus dk gh dkedjrk gSA vtey d+lkc ekeys esa ¶U;k; rd ekuoh;igq¡p¸ dk Lok¡x jprk Hkkjrh; jkT; b'kjr rFkk mldslkFk ekjs x, yksxksa dks U;k; ls oafpr j[krk gSA D;k b'kjrdks U;k; ds fy, viuk i{k j[kus dk vfèkdkj Fkk\ Hkkjrdh orZeku ih<+h ds lkeus ;g iz'u ,d cM+s [k+rjs ds :i

(ist 15 ij tkjh)


vkbZ-ih-,y-% ckt+k: [ksyfcdrs f[kykM+h!

lllll fufru

lkef;dh

gky gh esa vkbZih,y ds NBs l=k esa bl rek'ks dhvlfy;r vke turk ds lkeus rc vkSj Lkki+Q gks x;h tc16 ebZ dks fnYyh iqfyl }kjk jktLFkku jkW;Yl ds rhuf[kykfM+;ksa (Jhlar] vftr panhyk rFkk vafdr pOgk.k)rFkk X;kjg lVksfj;ksa dh LikWV fiQfDlax ds vkjksi esa fxjÝ+rkjhdh [k+cj lkeus vk;hA bl ij iw¡thoknh ehfM;k us blsfØdsV bfrgkl dh lcls cM+h ?kVuk crkrs gq, yxkrkjfØdsV tSls reke [ksyksa ds c<+rs ckt+kjhdj.k ds ckot+wn,sls is'k fd;k tSls ;g dksbZ vpEHkk gks ;k ,slk gksukLokHkkfod u gksA

iw¡thoknh ehfM;k us viuh ,M+h&pksVh dk t+ksj yxkdjbl eqn~ns dks luluh cuk yksxksa dk è;ku fØdsV tSlsreke [ksyksa ds gks jgs O;kikjhdj.k vkSj ckt+kjhdj.k lspan yksxksa dh csbZekuh dh rjiQ eksM+ fn;kA gkyk¡fd cknesa gq, [kqykls ls irk pyk fd blesa fli+QZ dqN f[kykM+hgh ugha cfYd vln jÅiQ tSls vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ds vEik;j]psUubZ lqij fdaXl ds lhbZvks o chlhlhvkbZ ds eqf[k;k ,u-Jhfuoklu ds nkekn xq:ukFk e;Iiu rFkk dbZ fiQYehflrkjs (f'kYik 'ksV~Vh] fcanw nkjk flag vkfn) Hkh 'kkfey FksAbl [kqykls ls ,d ckr rks lkiQ gks x;h fd ;gk¡ nky esadqN dkyk ugha cfYd iwjh nky gh dkyh gSA ,sls esa rekecqf¼thfo;ksa us bldk fuokj.k fcuk blds vkèkkj dks le>sdqN u;s d+kuwu cukdj <w¡<+uk pkgk_ bl ckr dks ut+jvUnkt+djrs gq, fd fdlh Hkh oLrq dk O;kikjhdj.k o ckt+kjhdj.k;k equki+Qs dh gol fu;eksa rFkk d+kuwuksa dh nhokjksa dks yk¡?kgh tkrh gSA ysfdu cqfu;knh loky ;g gS fd vkbZih,yesa ;s ?kVuk D;k pUn yksxksa dh csbZekuh rd lhfer gS\vkSj D;k dqN u, fu;e d+kuwu cukdj ,slh ?kVukvksa lscpk tk ldrk gS\

bu lokyksa dk tokc lqlaxr <ax ls tkuus ds fy,t+:jh gS fd ge blds vkfFkZd vkèkkj dks le>saA vkbZih,yesa eq[;r% nks izdkj dh iw¡th dk fuos'k gksrk gS igyhizdkj dh iw¡th ,d LFkk;h iw¡th fuos'k gksrh gS tks fdizsQapkbt+h }kjk Vhe dks [+kjhnus esa fuosf'kr gksrh gS (mnkgj.k

ds rkSj ij tSls eqds'k vEckuh }kjk eqEcbZ bf.M;u Vhedk ekfydkuk)A ;g nl cjkcj fd'rksa esa nl lky rdykblsal 'kqYd ds rkSj ij tek djkuk iM+rk gS vkSj bldsckn izQsapkbt+h dks nqckjk dksbZ 'kqYd ugha nsuk gksrkA nwljhrjg dh iw¡th f[kykfM+;ksa dks [+kjhnus esa yxrh gS] ;g iw¡thLFkk;h ugha gksrh vkSj gj lky izsQapkbt+h viuh ykxr dedjus ds pyrs blesa dVkSrh djus dh dksf'k'k djrh gSaAt+kfgj lh ckr gS] izsaQpkbft+;ksa }kjk iw¡th dk fuos'k equkiQ+kdekus ds fy, gh gksrk gS] gj izsQapkbt+h eq[;r% ls.Vªyiwy] fVdVksa dh fcØh] foKkiuksa rFkk izk;kstuksa }kjk fjosU;wdekrh gSA

ls.Vªy iwy esa chlhlhvkbZ }kjk csps x, Vhoh jkbV~lrFkk izk;kstuksa dks cVksjus ls fjosU;w vkrk gS bl fjosU;w esals ,d fgLlk (yxHkx 40 iQhlnh) chlhlhvkbZ vius iklj[k ysrk gS ckdh (yxHkx 54 iQhlnh) izsQapkbft+;ksa esaforfjr gks tkrk gS vkSj tks cprk gS (6 iQhlnh) Vheksa dksbZuke nsus ds fy, j[k fy;k tkrk gSA (ls.Vªy iwy ijizsQapkbft+;ksa dk fu;U=k.k ugha gksrk ;kuh os ;gk¡ ls equki+Qkc<+k ugha ldrsA vc fVdVksa ds fcdus ls vkus okyk fjosU;wHkh r; gh gksrk gS gkyk¡fd izsQapkbt+h vius equki+Qs dh golds pyrs fVdVksa ds nkeksa esa c<+ksRrjh dj ldrs gaS (tSlsvkbZih,y ds Ikk¡pos l=k esa fd;k Hkh Fkk) ysfdu ,d gnls T+;knk ughaA vc izsQapkbt+h vius fjosU;w esa c<+ksRrjh nksrjg ls dj ldrs gaS] ,d T+;knk ls T+;knk izk;kstuksa dkstqVkdj nwljk] ykxr de djdsA

izk;kstd nks rjg ls vkdf"Zkr gksrs gSaA ,d] Vhe dsvUnj ukeh f[kykfM+;ksa ds gksus ls nwljk] Vhe ds izn'kZu lsAVhe dk vPNk izn'kZu djuk fuf'pr ugha gksrk rc Vheesa ukeh f[kykfM+;ksa ds gksus dh vko';drk vkSj c<+ tkrhgS ftlds fy, izsQapkbt+h ukeh f[kykfM+;ksa dh T+;knk lsT+;knk cksyh yxkrh gS vkSj ogh ykxr de djus ds fy,Vhe ds ckdh lnL;ksa dks de&ls&de esa [+kjhnuk pkgrhgSA gj f[kykM+h T+;knk ls T+;knk dher ij fcdus dks gjoD+r rS;kj jgrk gSA ,sls esa vkbZih,y ;k ,sls vk;kstuksa ls


tqM+s f[kykM+h] cksMZ] izQsapkbth o vU; ?kVd vius&viusLrj ij vius equkiQ+s rFkk vfèkdkfèkd èku cVksjus dhvfu;fU=kr Hkw[k ds pyrs rFkkdfFkr fu;eksa o dkuwuksa dsckgj tkdj bl rjg dh ?kVukvksa dks vatke nsrs gSaA ;gk¡iz'u O;fDrxr uSfrdrk ,oa 'kqfprk dk ugha oju~ mllekt ds ewyHkwr fu;e dk gS tks thou ds izR;sd {ks=kdks oSls gh vuq'kkflr djrk gSA vkSj viuh xfrdh ls ,d,slh lH;rk ,oa thou :i dks jprk gS tks O;fDrokn oèkurU=k ds n`f"Vghu vkSj fn'kkghu jkLrs ij c<+rh gSA bl?kVuk esa 'kkfey f[kykM+h] lVksfj;s] vEik;j] izcUèkd vkfniw¡thokn ds vke fu;eµJe dh ywV rFkk èku ,oa iw¡thdks c<+krs tkus ds vUèks mUekn ls iSnk gksus okys miksRikngSaA ;g Hkz"Vkpkj iw¡th ds fdlh Hkh {ks=k dh LokHkkfodfu;fr dk uewuk gS pkgs ;g [ksy dk {ks=k gh D;ksa u gksA

;gk¡ ls tks vkfFkZd lEcUèk f[kykfM+;ksa] izsQapkbft+;ksao chlhlhvkbZ ds chp curs gSa os equkiQ+s dks gh loksZifjj[krs gaS vkSj ,sls lEcUèk [ksy esa [ksy&Hkkouk ds cnysfct+usl j.kuhfr dks tUe nsrs gSA tgk¡ ,slh (16 ebZ tSlh)?kVuk dksbZ vpEHkk ugha cfYd LokHkkfod gh gksrh gS vkSj,sls lEcUèk yxkrkj Jhlar tSls f[kykM+h] vln jÅiQ tSlsvEik;j vkfn iSnk djrs jgrs gaSA

u;s fu;e&d+kuwu equkiQ+s dh bl gol dks jksdus esavliQy gh jgsaxsA ges'kk ls gh equkiQ+s dh gol fu;e&d+kuwuksadks rksM+rh gh vk;h gSA bl cqfu;knh ckr dks le>s fcukge fdlh fuokj.k rd ugha igq¡p ldrsA tc rd fØdsVo vU; [ksyksa esa ,sls vkfFkZd lEcUèk LFkkfir jgsaxs rc rd,slh ?kVuk,¡ Hkh lkeus vkrh jgsaxhA t+kfgj gS fd ,sls[kqyklksa ls igys Hkh fØdsV dh nqfu;k dksbZ ikd&lki+Q ughaFkhA iw¡th rc Hkh bl [ksy esa ?kqlh gqbZ FkhA Hkkjr esa ifCydlsDVj iw¡thokn ds <k¡ps ds 1991 esa u;h vkfFkZd uhfr;ksads Jhx.ks'k ds lkFk VwVus vkSj mldh txg ij [kqys] uaxs]ohHkRl iw¡thokn ds ysus ds lkFk [ksyksa dk vkSj fo'ks"k rkSjij fØdsV dk O;kolk;hdj.k vHkwriwoZ iSekus ij gqvkAiw¡th ds [ksy us vlyh [ksy dh gR;k dj nhA [ksy dklkekftd izdk;Z fdlh lekt esa LoLFk efLr"d vkSj 'kjhjds l`tu esa lgk;rk djuk gksrk gSA ysfdu iw¡th blsMksfiax] fiQfDlax vkSj lV~Vsckt+h dk vM~Mk cuk nsrh gSvkSj ;g LoLFk 'kjhj vkSj efLr"d dh txg lM+s gq, 'kjhjvkSj efLr"d rS;kj djus dk ;U=k cuk nsrh gSA vkt geftl pht+ ds lk{kh cu jgs gSa og ,d mRd`"V [ksy dhiw¡th ds gkFkksa gR;k gSA

?kks"k.kki=k dk izi=k% izi=k 4 (fu;e 8 ds vUrxZr)lekpkj i=k dk uke eqfDrdkeh Nk=kksa&;qokvksa dk vkàkui=k dh Hkk"kk fgUnhvkofrZrk }Sekfldi=k dk [kqnjk fcØh ewY; nl #i;sizdk'kd dk uke vfHkuo flUgkjk"Vªh;rk Hkkjrh;irk ch&100] eqdqUn fogkj] djkoyuxj] fnYyh&110094izdk'ku dk LFkku djkoyuxj] fnYyheqnzd dk uke vfHkuo flUgkirk ch&100] eqdqUn fogkj] djkoyuxj] fnYyh&110094eqnz.kky; dk uke #fpdk fiz.VlZ] I@10665] lqHkk"k ikdZ] uohu 'kkgnjk]

fnYyh&32lEiknd dk uke vfHkuo flUgkjk"Vªh;rk Hkkjrh;irk ch&100] eqdqUn fogkj] djkoyuxj] fnYyh&110094Lokeh dk uke vfHkuo flUgkjk"Vªh;rk Hkkjrh;eSa vfHkuo flUgk] ;g ?kks"k.kk djrk gw¡ fd mi;qZDr rF; esjh vfèkdre tkudkjh ds vuqlkj lR; gSaA

gLrk{kj(vfHkuo flUgk)

izdk'kd] eqnzd] Lokeh


tkyUèkj ds ,d vLirky esa ik¡p fnu dh ,dcPph dks buD;wcsVj (le;iwoZ iSnk gq, uotkr f'k'kqdks ft+Unk j[kus dh e'khu) ls fudky fn;k x;k vkSjmldh e`R;q gks x;hA cPph dks fpfdRlk ls blfy,oafpr dj fn;k x;k D;ks afd mlds ek¡&cki us vLirkyesa bykt ds fy, 200 #i;s tek ugha fd;s FksA ;g ,djaxkbZ et+nwj latho dqekj dh cPph Fkh ysfdu ;gdsoy ,d latho dh nq%[kxkFkk ugha gS] oju~ bl ns'kds mu x+jhcks a dh vke lPpkbZ gS tks fcdkÅ eky cuknh x;h fpfdRlk dks [+kjhn ugha ldrsA foMEcuk dhckr ;g gS fd ;g Bhd mlds ckn dh ?kVuk gS tciatkc ljdkj us ;g ?kks"k.kk dh Fkh fd uotkr f'k'kqvks adk ljdkjh vLirkyka s es a eqÝ+r bykt fd;k tk,xkAvHkh dqN ekg igys gh tc vkt+knh dh 65oha o"kZxk¡Beukrs gq, izèkkuea=kh eueksgu flag fodkl ds dlhnsi<+ jgs Fks rks Fkk sM+k fpfUrr fn[ks rks egt+ blfy, fdns'k es a ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dh fodkl nj FkksM+h de gksx;h gS! exj izèkkuea=kh th dh bl fodkl nj* es a] tksfd iwjh rjg ls vehjks a ds fodkl dk lwpd gS] bl ns'kdh x+jhc turk ds cqjh n'kk dh dksbZ x.kuk ugha gksrhgSA

dqN fnu igys tEew vkSj d'ehj ds th-ch- iUrvLirky esa uotkr f'k'kq e`R;q nj ij fjiksVZ lkeusvk;hA bl fjiksVZ ls LokLF; rU=k ea s O;kIr Hk;adjvO;oLFkk vkSj vekuoh;rk mtkxj gqbZA th-ch- iUrvLirky esa tuojh 2012 ls ebZ 2012 ds chp] ;kuhegt ik¡p eghuks a es a] 500 ls vfèkd f'k'kqvks a dh e`R;qgks x;hA vkSj ;g vk¡dM+k Hkh lPpkbZ dks vkaf'kd ghcrkrk gS D;ks afd vLirky esa HkrhZ 2219 f'k'kqvks a es a s lsek=k 889 dh gh iQkbyas gh feyh ftlesa ls 312 cPpks adh e`R;q dh iqf"V gqbZA lkB iQhlnh ls vfèkd iQkbysaxk;c Fkha! tk¡p fjiksVZ ea s crk;k x;k fd uotkr l?kufpfdRlk d{k (,u-vkbZ-lh-;w) cqjh n'kk ea s Fkk vkSjvkDlhtu ikbiks a es a èkwy Hkjh iM+h FkhA vLirky ifjljds vUnj nok dh nqdkusa nok ekfiQ;kvks a ds pqaxy esa FkhvkSj muds yksxks a dks vDlj vLirky ds vUnj ?kwersg q, ik;k tkrk FkkA twfu;j Mk WDVjk s a dk s esfMdy

lqifjuVs.Ms.V }kjk mUgha nokvks a dks fy[kus dk funs Z'kFkk tks nok ekfiQ;k pkgrs FksA ?kkVh dk ,d ek=k f'k'kqvLirky dk utkjk fdlh thou iznk;h dsUæ dk ughacfYd ,d yk'k ?kj tSlk FkkA ;gk¡ fpfdRlk vkSj jksxfunku ekuoh; is'kk u gksdj yksxks a dh ft+Unxh dhdher ij iSlk dekus dk t+fj;k FkkA vkSj ;g bl ns'kds fdlh ,d vLirky ds gkykr ugha gSa cfYd bl ns'kds izR;sd ml ljdkjh vLirky dk gkykr gS tgk¡ blns'k dh x+jhc vkcknh bykt djokrh gSA bl fpfdRlkrU=k dh ekuonzk sgh o ohHkRl fLFkfr dh tkudkjh dsfy, bl ns'k x+jhc vkcknh dks fdlh fjiksVZ dh t+:jrHkh ugha gSA og vLirkyks a dh yEch ykbuks a ls bl ckrdks tkurh gSA [+kkyh tsc nok dh ifpZ;ks a o ikSf"Vdvkgkjks a ds uqL[ks idM+s viuh ft+Unxh dh tn~nkstgn lsvkSj viuh vk¡[kks a ds lkeus vius lcls I;kjs f'k'kq dksft + Unxh vk Sj ek Sr l s yM+r s n s[kdj og ; s lcle>rh&tkurh gSA

bl lEcUèk es a tc eq[;ea=kh mej vCnqYyk lsiwNk x;k rks mUgks aus dgk fd ^fjiksVZ jkT; ljdkj dslkeus vkus ls igys ehfM;k es a dSls pyh x;h*A bllsle>k tk ldrk gS fd turk dh ft+Unxh dh fdlh HkhlPpkbZ dks lkoZtfud gksus ls igys fdrus gsj&iQsj lsxqt+juk iM+rk gSA iw ¡thoknh O;oLFkk gj dher ij mlsnckus dk iz;kl djrh gSA ljdkjs a vkSj usrk eap lsfpYykdj dgrs gS fd cPps ns'k ds Hkfo"; gS aA ysfdubu cPpks a dks csnnhZ ls ekSr dh uhan lqykus okyk dkSugS\ ;g vlaosnu'khyrk tks f'k'kqvks a ds izfr gS mldklw=kèkkj dkSu gS\ ,d&,d djds cPpks a dh ekSrs a gksrhjgrh gS vkSj ljdkjs a dgrh gS a fd os ukxfjdks a ds thouLrj dks lqèkkj jgh gS aA ^pedrs gq, Hkkjr* dh rLohj;g gS fd ;gk¡ dqiks"k.k milgkjk vizQhdk ls Hkh vfèkdgSA rhu o"kZ rd ds 46 iQhlnh cPpks a dh vkSlr o`f¼LokLF;dj lhekvks a ls de gSA 47 iQhlnh de ot+u dsgSA nqfu;k dk izR;sd rhljk dqiksf"kr cPpk Hkkjrh; gSA>qfXx;ks a esa jgus okys 20 yk[k cPps izR;sd o"kZ ej tkrsgS a vkSj Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ^fodkl* dh dqykps a ekjjgh gS!

lkef;dh

ckt+kj ds gokys fpfdRlk O;oLFkk esane rksM+rs vke esgurd'k

lllll xtsUnz


lafoèkku dh nqgkbZ nsus okyh ljdkjs a [kqn lafoèkkudk e[kkSy mM+krh gS aA U;k;ikfydk dh xfjek dh ckrdjus okys usrk vkSj mudh pqukoh ikfVZ;k¡ Lo;a turkdks muds ukxfjd vkSj laoSèkkfud vfèkdkj ls oafprdj jgh gSaA lafoèkku dk vuqPNsn 21 dgrk gS fd dksbZHkh O;fDr vius thou ls oafpr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA,d eqd+nes s es a iQSlyk lqukrs gq, ,d vnkyr us dgkfd ^thou dk vfèkdkj LokLF; ds vfèkdkj dks Hkh'kkfey djrk gS* (efuUnj flag cuke iatkc ljdkj)Aih- uYyk ;Eih cuke Hkkjr ljdkj ekeys es a loks ZPpU;k;ky;ks a ds fu.kZ; Hkh ;gh dgrs fn[kk;h nsrs gS aAysfdu tc ge okLrfodrk ij ut+j Mkyrs gS rks ns[krsg S fd reke dku wuk s a l s l ad q fpr fd;s x, ,o avUrjfojksèkiw.kZ ckrks a ls Hkjs lafoèkku }kjk tks lhferukxfjd vfèkdkj izkIr Hkh gS muls vkt yksxks a dksoafpr fd;k tk jgk gSA ,d rjiQ dkxt+k s a ij lekurkdh ckr djuk vkSj nwljh rjiQ thus dh gj pht+ dksIkkus dh {kerk dk fuèkkZj.k yksxks a dh tsc ds vuqlkjdjuk! ;g bl ns'k dh x+jhc vkcknh dk e[+kk Sy cukukgSA

fo'o LokLF; laxBu dh 2011 dh fjiksVZ dsvuqlkj 70 iQhlnh Hkkjrh; viuh vk; dk 70 iQhlnhfgLlk nokvks a ij [+kpZ djrs gSA Hkkjr fo'o dk nok ?kjgSA o"kZ 2008 esa ;gk¡ dk ?kjsyw nok ckt+kj 55]000djksM+ #Ik;s ls vfèkd dk FkkA LokLF; rU=k es a iQSykHkz"Vkpkj vkt lÙkk vkSj dEifu;ks a dh xBtksM+ ls Åijls uhps rd iQSyk gqvk gSA dqN o"kZ iwoZ dsUnzh; LokLF;,oa Ikfjokj dY;k.k ea=kh us lkoZtfud {ks=k dh VhdkmRiknd dEifu;ks a dks mRiknu cUn djus dk vkns'kfn;k rkfd futh {ks=k dh dEifu;k¡ yksxks a dks ywV ldsaAesfMdy dkmafly dk lnL; MkW- dsru nslkbZ esfMdylaLFkkuks a dks LohÑfr nsus gsrq fj'or ysrs gq, fxjÝ+rkj

fd;k x;kA jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k LokLFk fe'ku (,u-,p-vkj-,e-) jktusrkvks a] MkDVjks a ,oa iz'kkldks a ds fy, vktlksus dh [kku lkfcr gqvk gSA eè;Ikzns'k] mÙkjizns'k es a?kk sVkyks a ds fdrus gh ekeys lkeus vk;s gSA vkt tcdqN Vhoh pSuyks a ij cglks a }kjk vkSj vkfej [kku dsVh-oh- 'kks lR;eso t;rs* }kjk ;g cgl mBk;h tk jghgS fd lokZfèkd ekuoh; is'kk ;kuh fpfdRlk fdrukuhps fxj x;k gS vkSj yksxks a dks thou nsus okyk dk;Zvkt iSlk dekus dh vUèkh gksM+ es a ifrr gks pqdk gS]rks ;s ,d lgh iz'u mBkrs gq, Hkh blds lqèkkj dk ,dHkkoukRed rFkk vkn'kZoknh lekèkku lq>krs gS a vkSj ,slkdjrs gq, okLro esa blh O;oLFkk dks cpkus dk dkedjrs gS aA njvly iw¡thoknh mRiknu iz.kkyh ea s futhykHk cgqrks a ds 'kks"k.k ds vfrfjDr vkSj dqN ugha gSAiw ¡th dh xfr gj ,d {ks=k dks equkiQs dh gksM+ es a èkdsynsrh gSA ;gk¡ is'ks ds ekuoh; gksus ;k u gksus ls iw ¡thdks dksbZ iQdZ ugha IkM+rk! mls iQdZ IkM+rk gS rks fli+Q Zmlds equki+Q s lsA ;g iw ¡thokn dk lkekU; rdZ vkSjfu;e gS fd futh equki+Qk gh ¶fodkl¸ dh pkyd'kfDr dk dke djrk gS! tkfgj gS] vehjt+knks a dkfodkl] tSlk fd îw ¡thokn* 'kCn esa gh vUrfuZfgr gSAekuonzk sgh iw ¡thoknh O;oLFkk }kjk equki+Q s dh [+kkfrjbalku ds xks'r dks Hkh csp [kkus dh izo`fRr mldh dksbZfolaxfr ;k fopyu ugha gS] cfYd mldh LokHkkfodxfr gSA tks ukStoku vHkh Hkh nwljks a ds nq[k&nnZ dkseglwl djuk tkurs gS a] vkSj uotkr f'k'kqvks a dh ekSrks aij ftudk fny xqLls vkSj ui+Qjr ls Hkj mBrk gS] mUgs a;g le>uk gksxk fd ;g dqN yksxks a dh uktk;t+ gjd+r;k ykyp dk iQy ugha gSA bl =kkln fLFkfr dh tM+es a equki+Qk&dsfUnzr iw ¡thokn O;oLFkk gSA tc rd blsrckg ugha fd;k tkrk] rc rd ;g gekjs thou dksrckg djrh jgsxhA

esa ekStwn gSAvkt gekjs lkeus b'kjr tSlh ft+Unfx;ksa us lekt

dk tks [k+kdk is'k fd;k gS og cgqr gh Hk;adj gSA ,drjiQ èkeZ] {ks=k vkSj loksZifj oxZ&vkèkkfjr opZLo ds lkFkjkT; vius izpkj ekè;eksa vkSj laLÑfr izfr"Bkuksa ds tfj;slekt ds ,d fgLls esa ¶fodkl¸ o ¶dkuwu¸ rFkk¶oSèkkfudrk¸ dks bl rjg ls lkeus ykus dh dksf'k'k esayxk gS fd tks dqN mldh ifjHkk"kk ds nk;js eas lgh gS]ek=k ogh lR; gSA nwljh rjiQ izfrjksèk vkSj tukfèkdkjksa dsizR;sd la?k"kZ dks dqpyus ds fy, mls ¶fodkl¸] ¶fojksèk¸] ¶vkradokn¸] ¶vyxkookn¸ vkSj ¶ekvksokn¸ o

b'kjr tgk¡---,d fujUrj loky¶uDlyokn¸ ls tksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA ;g lkekU; vkcknhesa gh ugha cfYd i<+s fy[ks rcds rd ds fy, lkspus dhlhek ls ckgj pyk tkrk gS fd fodkl ds ØkfUrdkjh vkSjtui{kèkj :i Hkh gks ldrk gSA ftls vkradokn dgk tkjgk gS og jkT; vkradokn dh mit gS_ ftls vyxkookndgk tk jgk gS og opZLookn vkSj 'kks"k.k vkSj vR;kpkjds f[+kykiQ+ la?k"kZ gks ldrk gSA ;s lkjs loky csgnlaosnu'khyrk ls ml vkcknh ds lkeus [kM+s gSa tks viusHkfo"; ds liuksa dks latksus esa eXu gS vkSj mlds lkeusHkh tks nks oDr dh jksVh ds fy, gkM+&rksM+ [kV jgh gSA

(ist 11 ls tkjh)


lkef;dh

Ldwy cpkvks vfHk;ku dk ;s iSxke%lcdks f'k{kk ,d leku!

lllll csch

¶ftls ge vktdy f'k{kk* dgrs gSa] og miHkksDrk eky gS] ftldk mRiknu Ldwy* uke dh laLFkk }kjk gksrk gSA ftruh vfèkdf'k{kk dksbZ O;fDr miHkksx djrk gS] mruk gh og vius Hkfo"; dks lqjf{kr cukrk gSA lkFk gh lkFk Kku ds iw¡thokn esa mldk nt+kZ T+;knkÅ¡pk mBrk gSA bl rjg f'k{kk lekt ds fijkfeM esa ,d u;k oxZ cukrh gS vkSj tks f'k{kk dk mi;ksx djrs gSa] os ;g nyhy is'k djrsgSa fd mUgha ls lekt dks T+;knk iQk;nk gSA¸

&boku bfyp (vkWfLVª;u f'k{kk'kkL=kh)

vehj vkSj x+jhc esa c¡Vs gekjs lekt esa Ldwy Hkh nksgjsLrjksa esa c¡Vs gq, gSaA ,d rjiQ gSa fnYyh ifCyd Ldwy] dsUnzh;fo|ky; ljh[ks Ldwy rks nwljh vksj uxj fuxe vkSj loksZn;fo|ky; ljh[ks_ ,d Ldwy ?kqM+lokjh] Lohfeax iqy] gokbZtgkt çf'k{k.k] fons'kh f'k{kd tSlh lqfoèkk,¡ nsrk gS rks nwljsesa ihus dk ikuh ugha gS] 'kkSpky; ugha gS] f'k{kd ugha gSa_,d Ldwy esa O;kikfj;ksa] iw¡thifr;ksa] cMs+ viQ+ljku ds cPpsi<+rs gSa rks nwljs esa et+nwjksa] fjD'kk pkydksa] iku dh nqdkuokyksa ds cPps i<+rs gSaA ;g [kqn lHkh ukxfjdksa dks lekuekuus okys Hkkjr ds lafoèkku dk mYya?ku gS] oSls bllafoèkku ds ckjs esa ftruk de dgk tk;s csgrj gSA Hkkjrh;lafoèkku ds nqfu;k esa lcls Hkkjh&Hkjde lafoèkku gksus dkdkj.k ;gh gS fd blesa gjsd vfèkdkj lkFk ml vfèkdkj dksgt+e dj tkus dk izkoèkku Hkh tksM+k x;k gS!

vehjksa ds cPpksas ds fy, vyx Ldwy vkSj x+jhcksa dscPpksa ds fy, vyx Ldwy gSaA cPpksa dks ckTk+kj esa fcdusokys reke lalkèkuksa dh rjg eSU;qiQSDpj fd;k tk jgk gSAmuds LoIu'khy dksey efLr"d dks 8&8 ?kUVs dh jVUrwf'k{kk ds }kjk Ldwyksa (og Hkh f'k{kd jfgr] d{kk foghu]'kkSpky; foghu) esa vkSdkr ds fglkc ls dk¡V&Nk¡V djvyx&vyx is'ks ds fy, êkuo lalkèku* rS;kj fd;k tkjgk gSA equkiQs+ ij fVdh O;oLFkk balku dh esgur vkSjdqnjr dh ywV ij pyrh gS] blh ywV dks O;ofLFkr djusdh ek¡x cM+s equki+Qk[kksjkas dh gksrh gS] blhfy, ljdkj cpiuls gh cPpksa dks Ldwyksa ds t+fj;s equki+Qk[kksj O;oLFkk }kjkpwls tkus ds fy, rS;kj dj nsrh gSA

lPps ek;us esa Ldwy dk edln D;k gksrk gS\ Ldwyhf'k{kk fdlh Hkh cPps ds Hkfo"; dh cqfu;kn gksrh gSA ;gha lslekt dh Hkkoh ih<+h ds fuekZ.k dk dk;Z 'kq: gksrk gSA

Ldwyh O;oLFkk dk edln ekuo lekt ds izkxSfrgkflddky ls ysdj vkèkqfud ;qx rd ds lafpr lkekftd vuqHkoksals u;h ih<+h dks ifjfpr djkuk gSA ;kuh [ksrh djuk] [kkukidkuk] d<+kbZ djuk] fy[kuk] i<+uk] foKku] dyk] Hkk"kk lsysdj yxHkx gj rjg ds thoukuqHkoA Kku dh mRifRrlkekftd gS] ;g O;ogkj ls iSnk gksrk gSA gj cPps dksleku :i ls Kku dh gj cqfu;knh Js.kh ls ifjfpr djk;ktkuk pkfg,A Li"Vr;k Ldwy dks ,d Je Ldwy gksuk pkfg,tks cPpksa dks fliQZ fdrkch Kku gh ugha cfYd O;kogkfjdKku Hkh fl[kk;sA ,sls Ldwy ,dleku Ldwy O;oLFkk dsvUrxZr gh lEHko gSaA ;kuh ,sls ,dhdr Ldwy tks vè;;udh ,d fofèk ykxw djrs gksa o lekt ds gj oxZ lsvkusokys cPpksa ds fy, leku gksaA ,sls Ldwy tks lHkhcPpksa dks muds vkfFkZd&lkekftd ewy dk [+;ky fd;sfcuk fodkl dh lEHkkouk iznku djrs gksaA ,sls Ldwy tksfcgkj] caxky vkSj dsjy vkfn ds fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa ds cPpksadks mudh Hkk"kk esa gh fdrkcsa vkSj vè;kid nsrs gksaA O;ogkjoknhvesfjdh f'k{kkfon~ tkWu Msoh rd dk Hkh ;gh er Fkk]gkyk¡fd muds nk'kZfud fopkjksa ls vlgefr trk;h tkldrh gS ysfdu fiQygky ;g gekjk fo"k; ugha gSA lksfo;r:l us Hkh ,slh ,dleku Ldwy O;oLFkk dks O;ogkjr%lEHko dj fn[kk;k FkkA ijUrq gekjs ns'k ds Ldwy ,sls ughagSaaA

vkxs dh ckrphr ls iwoZ Ldwy O;oLFkk ds bfrgkl ijljljh fuxkg Mkyrs pysaA lekt fodkl ds 'kq#vkrh nkSjesa Ldwy uke dh dksbZ laLFkk ugha FkhA yksx vyx&vyxdkeksa ds fy, vkStkj bZt+kn djrs Fks vkSj djds* lh[krs FksAgjsd O;Ld ;k cM+k gh f'k{kd FkkA cPps] cM+s yksxksa dsvuqHko ls lh[krs FksA bl rjg Kku] esgur vkSj thou


,d&nwljs ls vyx ugha FksA fodkl ds vxys pj.k esa oxksZads mn; ds ckn gh Ldwyh O;oLFkk dk tUe gqvk vkSj f'k{kkmRiknu cu x;hA bl ij ,d [+kkl oxZ dk ,dkfèkdkj gksx;kA jkst+ejkZ dh ft+Unxh ls nwj ,d cukoVh okrkoj.k fodflrgqvk vkSj blesa mRiknu ls dVs gq, lekt ds mPp rcdsdh t+:jr ds vuqlkj f'k{kk nh tkus yxh tcfd vU; oxksZads yksx vius thou la?k"kksZa ls gh lh[krs jgsA

iw¡thoknh mRiknu O;oLFkk esa foKku o rduhd dkfoLrkj gqvkA dy&dkj[kkuksa esa dke djus okyk dkexkjvkSj et+nwj oxZ vfLrRo esa vk;kA e'khuksa ij dke djus dsfy, budk f'kf{kr gksuk t+:jh gks x;kA vr% vehjksa ds^lH;* Ldwyksa ds vykok x+jhcksa dk Ldwy Hkh vfLrRo esavk;kA bl rjg oxksZa esa c¡Vs lekt esa nksgjh i<+kbZ dh O;oLFkkdk;e gks x;hA e'khuksa ds dejrksM+ dke vkSj iw¡thokn ls=kLr esgurd'kksa us vius gd+ksa ds fy, la?k"kZ NsM+ fn;kAeqÝ+r ,oa vfuok;Z f'k{kk dh ek¡x mHkjhA ,dleku LdwyO;oLFkk dh bl ek¡x dks ;wjksih; ns'kksa esa Lohdfr fey x;hAysfdu vc vfèkdka'k iw¡thoknh ns'kksa esa Hkh tgk¡ ,d vksjljdkjh Ldwy O;oLFkk ,dleku gS] ogha vehjt+knksa ds fy,vfrdqyhu futh Ldwyksa dk ,d iwjk rU=k [kM+k gks pqdk gSAvfèkdka'k ekeyksa esa ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa vke x+jhc vkcknhvkSj eè;oxZ ds cPps i<+rs gSa vkSj dkjiksjsV ?kjkuksa }kjkpyk;s tkus okys futh Ldwyksa esa vehjt+knksa ds cPpsA bumUur iw¡thoknh ns'kksa esa Hkh p;u vkSj Js.khdj.k tks igystUe vkSj lEifRr ij vkèkkfjr Fkk] vc Ldwyh f'k{kk }kjkgksus yxkA ysfdu de&ls&de vfèkdka'k if'peh iw¡thoknhns'kksa esa ljdkjh Ldwy O;oLFkk ,dleku gS D;ksafd ;gk¡iw¡thokn ØkfUrdkjh jkLrs ls vk;kA fdUrq gekjs ns'k esa iw¡thokn,d fody] Øfed vkSj vLoLFk fodkl dh izfØ;k lsvk;k blfy, blesa iw¡thokn dh lkjh foink,¡ rks Fkha] ysfduiw¡thokn ds ,sfrgkfld ØkfUrdkjh ldkjkRed ugha Fks_ cfYd;g dg ldrs gSa fd ;gk¡ dk mRrjvkSifuosf'kd iw¡thokniw¡thokn dh reke cqjkb;ksa vkSj lkeUrokn dh rekelkaLd`frd&lkekftd cqjkb;ksa dk ,d Hk;adj feJ.k gSAviuh t+:jrksa ds fy, blus lkeUrh ewY;ksa vkSj ekU;rkvksads lkFk&lkFk fczfV'k mifuos'kdkyhu iz'kkldh; <k¡ps dks Hkhdk;e j[kkA f'k{kk O;oLFkk Hkh blls brj ugha FkhA gekjs ns'kdh Ldwy O;oLFkk Nn~e ns'kHkfDr ls Hkjs bfrgkl] dVs&N¡VsfoKku] Fkksih gqbZ jk"Vª Hkk"kk ds lkFk cPpksa dks ,sls vuq'kkluds rgr izf'kf{kr djrh gS ftlesa os ;g lh[krs gSa fd osvèkhu O;fDr gSa ] og ,d viQlj ds vèkhu jgus okykflikgh] ekfyd ds vèkhu jgus okyk et+nwj] ljdkj oiqfyl ds vèkhu jgus okyk ukxfjd gSA bl ns'k esa 40izfr'kr cPps viuh i<+kbZ iwjh ugha dj Ikkrs gSaA djksM+ksa esafons'kh vuqnku ikus okys ,u-th-vks- izFke* dh fjiksVZ vlj*ds gh vuqlkj ns'k Hkj ds ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa i<+us okys cgqr

ls cPpksa dks v{kj Kku rd ugha gSA ekè;fed d{kkvksa rdigq¡prs&igq¡prs yk[kksa cPps Ldwy NksM+ nsrs gSaA ljdkj dsreke Ldwy oxhZdr gSaA ;g ckr vleku Ldwy O;oLFkk dksykxw djus okys dkuwuksa ls gh Li"V gks tkrh gSA ;g vlekurkfliQZ Ldwyksa esa f'k{kk ds Lrj ij gh ugha cfYd <k¡pkxr Lrjij Hkh gSA fnYyh ds gh ljdkjh Ldwyksa ij ut+j Mkyh tk;rks rhu laLrjksa esa c¡Vs gq, dsUæh;] jktdh; o uxj fuxeLdwy pyk, tk jgs gSaA bu Ldwyksa esa vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dsvuq:i gh cPps i<+rs gSaA uxj fuxe] jktdh; ekè;fedvkSj loksZn; Ldwyksa esa i<+us okys T+;knkrj cPps x+jhc ?kjksa lsvkrs gSa vkSj ;gh os Ldwy gSa tks ljdkjh Ldwyksa ds inkuqØeesa lcls uhps gSaA Ldwyksa ds cgqlaLrjh; <k¡ps ds dkj.k x+jhccPpksa dks nks;e nt+sZ dh f'k{kk fey jgh gSA dsUæh; vkSjjktdh; Ldwyksa esa vDlj eè; oxZ vkSj ljdkjh viQ+ljksa dscPps i<+rs gSaA ljdkj dsUæh; fo|ky; esa çfr cPps ijlkykuk 12]000 #i;s] jktdh; esa 7000&8000 #i;s vkSjuxj fuxe esa 4000 #i;s [+kpZ djrh gSA Li"V gS fdvehj&x+jhc esa c¡Vs gq, lekt dh Hkk¡fr Ldwy Hkh vehjksa dsLdwy vkSj x+jhcksa ds Ldwy esa c¡Vs gq, gSaA

f'k{kk ls lEcfUèkr dkuwuksa ij ut+j Mkyuk Hkh mfprgksxkA xqyke Hkkjr dh f'k{kk O;oLFkk dh cqfu;kn j[kus okyseSdkys us f'k{kk dks xqykeh cjdjkj j[kus dk eq[; t+fj;kcuk;k FkkA eSdkys dh f'k{kk uhfr ds rgr cuh f'k{kk O;oLFkkegt+ mPp oxksZa dks pqudj f'k{kk nsrh Fkh ftlls ,sls vaxzst+&HkDriSnk gkas tks vaxzst+h 'kklu dks nh?kkZ;q cuk;saA vkTk+kn Hkkjr dhckxMksj lEHkkyus okyk oxZ Hkkjr dk cM+k iw¡thifr oxZ Fkkftlus vaxzstksa }kjk LFkkfir 'kklu djus ds yxHkx lHkhvkSifuosf'kd rkSj&rjhds tkjh j[ksA mlus f'k{kk O;oLFkk dhlh[k dks Hkh c[kwch lh[kk vkSj mls le;≤ ij t+#jrds vuqlkj cnyk HkhA bldh 'kq#vkr lafoèkku ls gh gksrh gStgk¡ lcdks f'k{kk ds vfèkdkj dks egt+ pkSFks fgLls esa'kkfey djds ,d lq>ko cuk fn;k x;k gSA

f'k{kk esa ljdkj }kjk fd;s x;s uhfrxr cnykoksa dksnks dky[k.Mksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gS µ igyk] vkt+knh dsckn ls uomnkjoknh uhfr;ksa dh 'kq#vkr ds le; rd ;kuhlafoèkku ds ykxw gksus ls ysdj 1986 esa u;h f'k{kk uhfr dsykxw gksus rd dk dky[k.M vkSj nwljk] mnkjhdj.k ls ysdjvktrd dk dky [k.MA igys dky [k.M ds nkSjku Hkkjrdk iw¡thifr oxZ vius iSjksa ij [kM+k gqvk] ifCyd lsDVj dk<k¡pk [kM+k fd;k x;k] jk"Vªh; cpr dks cSadksa ds jk"Vªh;dj.k}kjk c<+k;k x;k vkSj blh èku dks ns'k ds iw¡thifr ?kjkuksa dks½.k ds rkSj ij fn;k x;k_ tSls&tSls ns'kh m|ksx&èkUèkksa dk<k¡pk [kM+k gksrk x;k] oSls&oSls ,d dq'ky&v¼Zdq'ky dk;Z'kfDrdh vko';drk eglwl gksus yxh_ ljdkj }kjk bl nkSj esaO;kid vui<+ vkcknh dks lk{kjrk nsus ds xEHkhj ç;klfd;s x;sA dksBkjh deh'ku ds lq>koksa ds vkèkkj ij 1968 dh


f'k{kk uhfr cuh tks lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 45 dks viuk y{;crkrh Fkh] blesa leku Ldwy O;oLFkk vkSj f'k{kk ij ldy?kjsyw mRikn ds 6 iQhlnh [kpZ fd;s tkus dh ckr dh x;hAexj ;g cl ok;nk gh FkkA f'k{kk eq[;r% mPp oxksaZ rd ghlhfer jgh] eè; oxZ vkSj ns'k dh O;kid esgurd'k vkcknhds gkykr ogh <kd ds rhu ikr gh jgsA 1986 dh f'k{kkuhfr us igyh ckj cgqlaLrfj; vleku Ldwy O;oLFkk dksykxw fd;kA uomnkjokn (iw¡thifr;ksa ds fy, mnkj) ds <k¡psij f'k{kk dks ckTk+kj dh 'kfDr;ksa ds vuq:i fd;kA igys rks;gha ls futh iw¡th ds fuos'k dks lqxe cukus dh t+ehu rS;kjgqbZA nwljs] ckt+kj dh t+:jr ds vuqlkj êkuo lalkèku*rS;kj fd;s x;sA blds ckn f'k{kk ds vukSipkfjdhdj.k dh'kq#vkr gqbZA vkbZ-,e-,iQ-] oYMZ cSad ds lkFk tksefr,u*le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj dj ljdkj us MhihbZih vkSj loZf'k{kkvfHk;ku 'kq: fd;kA bl le>kSrs us de iSlksa ij dk.VªSDV,oa iSjk f'k{kdksa dh O;oLFkk 'kq: dhA 1990 ls 2000 rdljdkjh Ldwyksa dk Lrj fxjus esa MhihbZih us eq[; HkwfedkfuHkk;h ftls vkxs u;s jax :i esa loZf'k{kk vfHk;ku us 2000ls 2010 rd c<+k;kA tc ljdkjh Ldwyksa dh gkyr [k+jkcgks xbZ rks ,d rjiQ rks ljdkj us lcdks ¶f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj¸dk f'kxwiQ+k mNkyk rks nwljh vksj ls oYMZ cSad dh 'kg ijpy jgs reke iw¡th&ijLr f'k{kkfon~ o ,u-th-vks- yxkrkjizpkfjr djus yxs fd ljdkjh Ldwyksa ds gkykr [+kjkc gSa]ftUgsa fliQZ futhdj.k ls Bhd fd;k tk ldrk gSA

f'k{kk uhfr ds nwljs dky[k.M esa ljdkj us [kqys rkSjls mnkjhdj.k (fons'kh iw¡th o futh iw¡th ds fy, mnkj) dhuhfr;k¡ viuk;ha ftuds rgr ljdkjh laLFkkuksa dk futhdj.kfd;k x;k vkSj futh Ldwyksa dks [kM+k djus esa enn dh x;hALdwyksa ds cgqlaLrfj; <k¡ps us [kkldj ljdkj dh fupyhbdkbZ (E;qfufliy) ds Ldwyksa dks ttZj fd;kA 2007&2012dk jk"Vªh; f'k{kk Iyku ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k vkSj f'k{kk dks iwjhrjg ckt+kj ds vèkhu dj fn;k x;kA blh nkSj dk vxykehy dk iRFkj dkuwu f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj* FkkA gky gh esablh dkuwu ds rgr ljdkj us dgk gS fd vc ls gj futhLdwy dks 25 iQhlnh vkj{k.k ds rgr x+jhc cPpksa dks eqÝ+rf'k{kk nsuh gksxhA loky ;g mBrk gS fd D;k ljdkj ljdkjhLdwyksa dks csdkj ekurh gS\ ;k ljdkj viuh ft+Eesnkjh futhBsdsnkjksa dks lkSai jgh gSA dqy 19-4 iQhlnh futh Ldwyksa esans'k ds 25 iQhlnh cPps Hkh ugha i<+rs gSa_ ;kuh vxj 25iQhlnh cPpksa dks vkj{k.k bu Ldwyksa dks nsuk gksxk rks ogegt+ ns'k ds 6&7 iQhlnh cPpksa dks (og Hkh 6&14 lky ds)feysxkA blds fy, Hkh x+jhcksa dks viuk vk; izek.ki=k]igpku i=k] fn[kkuk gksxk! f'k{kk balku dh cqfu;knh t+:jrgS vkSj fuf'pr rkSj ij bl ns'k ds gj cPps dk ;g ewyHkwrvfèkdkj gksuk pkfg,A ijUrq f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj* ,slk dqNHkh ugha gSA njvly ;g f'k{kk ds futhdj.k dk vfèkdkj

gSA f'k{kk dks futh Bsdsnkjksa ds gkFk esa lkSaius ds fy, mBk;kx;k dne gSA ftl vfèkdkj ij vkt+knh ds ckn ls gh lalnesa] v[kckjksa esa vkSj xksf"B;ksa esa usrk] ea=kh vkSj f'k{kkfon~cgl djrs jgs gSa mls vUrr% 2002 esa (55 lky ckn)lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 21&d esa ykxw fd;k x;k vkSj mldsHkh 7 lky ckn tkdj bldks ykxw djus ds fy;s f'k{kk dkvfèkdkj vfèkfu;e cukA ;g f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj u rksleku Ldwy O;oLFkk dh ckr djrk gS vkSj u gh 0&6 lkyrd ds cPpksa (ftudh vkcknh 17 djksM+ gS) dh f'k{kk dhxkj.Vh ysrk gSA cfYd ;g vyx laLrj ds Ldwyksa tSlsdsUnzh;] jktdh;] loksZn;] uoksn;] ekWMy Ldwy bR;kfn dksHkh LFkkfir djrk gSA ;g f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj {kerkfoghu gStks vly esa f'k{kk dks futh gkFkksa esa lkSaius dks c<+kok nsrkgSA mnkjhdj.k&futhdj.k ds nkSj esa f'k{kk ds ckt+kjhdj.kdh izfØ;k 1986 ds jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr ls 'kq: gks xbZ FkhvkSj 1990 ds ckn tksefr,u dkUizQsal esa Hkkxhnkjh ds cknHkkjr ljdkj us bls iwjh jÝrkj ls c<+k fn;kA vxj ljdkjdh uhfr;kas ij ut+j Mkyh tk;s rks ;g lkiQ+ gks tk;sxk fdfliQZ ^f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj* gh ugha cfYd f'k{kk ds fy,cuk;h x;h gj uhfr dh okLrfodrk nwljh gh jgh gSA Hkkjrh;lafoèkku ds pkSFks fgLls (uhfr funs'kd rRo) esa f'k{kk dsvfèkdkj] 1968 dh jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr] 1986 dh u;h f'k{kkuhfr] 1990 esa tkufo,u ?kks"k.kk] f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj (vuqPNsn21&,) vyx&vyx le; dh t+:jr ds vuqlkj cuk;hx;h uhfr;k¡ gSaA 1990 ls igys ljdkj de ls de dgus dsfy, leku Ldwy O;oLFkk o ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ls 6 i+Qhlnh[kpZ djus dh ckr djrh Fkh ftls ^f'k{kk ds vfèkdkj* esa;g iwjh rjg Mdkj xbZ gSA oYMZ cSad o futh Bsdsnkjksa dsfy, ljdkj f'k{kk dks ckt+k: eky vkSj balku dks lalkèku*cuk jgh gS] cPpksa dh f'k{kk ds lkSns dj jgh gSA ;gh gS f'k{kkds vfèkdkj dk iQyli+Qk] ijUrq ljdkj] lqizhe dksVZ vkSjcM+s f'k{kkfon~ bls vkt yksxksa dh t+:jr cukdj is'k dj jgsgSaaA dkaxzsl ljdkj tks 2002 esa bldh vkykspuk dj jgh Fkhvkt 2009 esa bls iwjh yxu ds lkFk ykxw dj jgh gS!

nwljs dky [k.M dh 'kq#vkr us ,u-th-vks- ds fy,mitkÅ Tk+ehu rS;kj dhA ;g f'k{kk ls ysdj gj {ks=k esa gksjgk gSA Ldwyksa esa ,u-th-vks- dh vkfèkdkfjd ?kqliSB ijljdkj us dbZ rjhdksa ls eqgj yxk;h gSA çFke* vkSj mldhgj lky izdkf'kr gksusokyh ^vlj* uked fjiksVZ blh dk,d csgrjhu mnkgj.k gSaA blls rks ;gh lkfcr gksrk gS fdljdkj ljdkjh Ldwyksa ([kkldj çkbejh E;qfufliy) dhgkyr n;uh; cuk;s j[kuk pkgrh gS] ftlls fd dbZ LdwycUn djus iMs+a vkSj reke futh Ldwy muls csgrj fodYids :i esa LFkkfir gks ldsaA vHkh gky gh esa egkjk"Vª esayxHkx iUnzg izkbejh E;qfufliy Ldwyksa dks pykus dh ft+Eesnkjhls ljdkj us iYyk >kM+ fy;k vkSj ;s Ldwy ,u-th-vks- ds


jgeksdje ij NksM+ fn;s x;sA vkxs eqEcbZ lesr iwjs egkjk"Vªesa ,slk fd, tkus dh ;kstuk gSA

vkt ns'k Hkj esa djhc 35 yk[k ,u-th-vks- dke djjgs gSa ftlesa cM+k fgLlk Ldwy O;oLFkk ij dke dj jgk gSAîzFke* f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa lfØ; ns'k dk lcls cM+k ,u-th-vks- gS tks ckdk;nk ljdkj ds lkFk feydj dke dj jgkgSA x+kSjryc gS fd izFke us vius dk;ZØe jhM bf.M;k* dsfy, izns'k ljdkjksa ds lkFk ,e-vkss-;w- ij gLrk{kj fd;s gSarFkk ;g reke 'kgjksa ds uxj fuxe ds lkFk HkkxhnkjhfuHkkdj dke dj jgk gSA vly esa ljdkj ds dbZ fudk;ksadh ft+Eesnkjh îzFke* fuHkkrk gSA iz;kl] tks'k] vkWDLiQse]vkj-Vh-bZ- iQksje] uUgh dyh tSls yk[kksa ,u-th-vks- vktf'k{kk ds {ks=k esa ekStwn gSaA budk edln D;k gS\ cM+h&cM+hdkjiksjsV dEifu;ksa dh djksM+kas dh dekbZ ds ,d fgLls lspyus okys ;s laLFkku ljdkj dks mldh ft+Eesnkfj;ksa ls eqDrdjrs gSa vkSj equki+Qs dh ywV dk jkLrk lqxe cukrs gSaA ,drjiQ gekjs cPps fcuk VWk;ysV] fcuk Dykl :e ds Ldwyksaesa i<+rs gSa ;k Bsdk f'k{kdksa okys Ldwyksa esa nks;e nts+Z dhf'k{kk ikrs gSa rks nwljh rjiQ izFke ;k tks'k ljh[ks ,u-th-vks-mu 100 esa ls 10 cPpksa dks eqÝ+r esa fdrkcsa nsdj] f'k{kk esalgk;rk nsdj] cPpksa dk ¶Hkfo"; cukdj¸ lekt lsok djrsgSaA ;gh budk ,dek=k edln gS] 90 cPps vHkh Hkh mlhgkyr esa i<+rs gSaA D;ksafd ;g ,slh lekt lsok gS tks dHkhHkh cPpksa ds f'k{kk ds vfèkdkj ds fy, ljdkj dks dB?kjsesa ugha ykrh gSA budk edln ljdkj ls turk ds fdlhHkh vfèkdkj ds fy, yM+uk ugha cfYd ljdkj dh tufojksèkhuhfr;ksa dks turk ds chp Lohdk;Z cukuk gSA

;w¡ rks leku rFkk iM+ksl ds Ldwy dh f'k{kk dh iSjohdksBkjh deh'ku] jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr vkSj lqçhe dksVZ dsmUuhd`".ku iQSlys (1993) }kjk dh tk pqdh gS ijUrq ;slHkh ckrsa fliQZ dkxt+h lkfcr gqbZaA okLrfodrk esa dksbZ dneljdkj us ugha mBk;kA D;ksafd leku Ldwyh O;oLFkk ykxwdSls djsaxs] dkSu ft+Eesnkj gksxk] ;g ckr fljs ls x+k;c FkhAvkSj tc bls O;kogkfjdrk dk tkek iguk;k x;k] ;kuhdkuwu cuk rks ljdkj leku Ldwy O;oLFkk dh ckr dksfuxy x;hA lki+Q gS fd ns'k ds vkfFkZd fodkl ds uke ijcPpksa ds Hkfo"; dk lkSnk fd;k tk jgk gS] muds liuksa dksvehj vkSj x+jhc esa ck¡Vk tk jgk gSA iz'u ;g mBrk gS fdD;k bl ns'k esa leku Ldwy O;oLFkk ykxw dh tk ldrh gS\

Ldwy cpkvks vfHk;ku dk ukjk% lcdksleku ,oa fu'kqYd Ldwyh f'k{kk!

fuf'pr rkSj ij ;g eqefdu gSA bl ckr dks ljdkj}kjk cSBkbZ x;h desfV;k¡ [kqn Lohdkj djrh vk;h gSa] 1966dh dksBkjh deh'ku dh fjiksVZ rFkk f'k{kk uhfr 1968 us ckrdh fd vxj ljdkj ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk 6 izfr'kr f'k{kkij [+kpZ djrh gS rks leku Ldwy O;oLFkk ds lkFk vPNh

mPp f'k{kk Hkh çnku dh tk ldrh gSA fIk+QuySaM] tkiku]fczVsu] izQkal] LdsfUMusfo;u ns'kksa esa ljdkjsa vehjijLrh dsckotwn turk dks fu'kqYd o leku f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj nsldrh gaS rks ^'kkbfuax bf.M;k* D;ksa ugha\

gesa Hkh ;g vfèkdkj gkfly djuk gksxkA fnYyh esapyk;k tk jgk ^Ldwy cpkvks vfHk;ku* iwjs ns'k Hkj esalcdks leku ,oa fu'kqYd Ldwyh f'k{kk dh ek¡x djrk gSAgj cPps ds fy, f'k{kk dk cqfu;knh vfèkdkj fcuk fdlhHksnHkko ds lqfuf'pr djuk ljdkj dh ftEesnkjh gSA ;gljdkj [kqn gels ok;ns djrh vk;h gS ij gj ckj equkiQ+k[kksjdkjiksjsV dEifu;ksa dks eqÝr Tk+ehu] VSDl ekiQ+h o csyvkmV iSdst+ ij ljdkjh dks"k yqVk;k tkrk gS tks vklekuls ugha Vidrk cfYd x+jhc turk dh xk<+h dekbZ ls vizR;{kdj olwy djds ;g ljdkj gkfly djrh gSA Kkr gks fddqy ljdkjh [ktkus dk yxHkx 97 izfr'kr fgLlk bl ns'kdh esgurd'k turk }kjk vnk fd, x, vizR;{k dj (;kuhxsg¡w] pkoy] ekfpl] phuh] rsy [kjhnus ij fn, tkus okysdj) ls vkrk gSA t+kfgj gS fd ljdkj egt+ iw¡thifr;ksas dheSusftax desVh gSA 1947 ls ysdj vcrd ljdkjas cnyrhjgh gSa ijUrq lHkh us f'k{kk dks ,d uhfr ds vkèkkj ij vehjksard lhfer j[kk gSA rFkk 1990 ds ckn ls f'k{kk dks [kqydjfuth gkFkksa dks cspus dk flyflyk 'kq: gqvk gSA vkt f'k{kkckt+k: eky cu x;h gSA

^f'k{kk gS lcdk vfèkdkj] can djks bldkO;kikj!!*

vkt gesa ljdkj dh futhdj.k dh uhfr;ksa dkfojksèk djuk gksxk vkSj gekjs cPpkas ds Ldwyksa dks cpkukgksxkA gekjs cPpkas ds liuksa dh [kkfrj] muds Hkfo";dh [kkfrj ges yM+uk gh gksxkA Ldwy cpkvks vfHk;kuek¡x djrk gS&

1- lHkh ljdkjh Ldwyksa ds fy, dkuwuu r;ekudksa ds uXu mYya?ku ij jksd yxk;h tk; vkSjmudk l[+rh ls ikyu djok;k tk;A

2- lHkh ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa cqfu;knh vfèkjpukRedlqfoèkk,¡ tSls lkiQ ihus dk ikuh] MsLd] ia[kk] HkkstubR;kfn dh lqfoèkk çfrHkk vkSj uoksn; Ldwyksa ds Lrjdh nh tk;A

3- ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa [kkyh inksa ij f'k{kdksa dhrRdky fu;qfDr dh tk;A Bsds ij f'k{kdksa dh fu;qfDrdh O;oLFkk cUn dh tk;A

4- ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs lHkh Ldwyksa esa,dleku Ldwy O;oLFkk ykxw dh tk;A

5- gekjh nwjxkeh e¡kx gS fd Ldwyh f'k{kk esafuth iw¡th ds fuos'k dks iwjh rjg ls cUn fd;k tk;A


lkef;dh

mRrjk[k.M =kklnh%

;g dksbZ nSoh; vkink ugha vkSj u gh ;g izdfr dkizdksi gS! ;g iw¡thoknh fodkl dh rkfdZd ifj.kfr gS!

lllll vkuUn

^vkàku* ds iUuksa ij ge yxkrkj ;g dgrs vk;s gSafd iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk dk ,d&,d fnu ekuork ij Hkkjh iM+jgk gSA dHkh u rÌr gksus okyh equki+sQ dh viuh gol dh[k+kfrj ;g O;oLFkk fnu&c&fnu] ?k.Vs&nj&?k.Vs vkeesgurdÀk turk dk [kwu pwlrh gSA fiNys dqN o"kksZa lsvkÀp;Ztud :i ls fu;fer vUrjky ij nqfu;k ds fdlhu fdlh dksus esa ,slh foHkhf"kdk,¡ ?kfVr gks jgh gSa tks blckr ds Li"V ladsr nsrh gSa fd iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk dk vfLrRou fliQZ ekuork ds fy, ?kkrd gS cfYd ;g i`Foh vkSj mlij jgus okys reke tho&tUrqvksa vkSj ouLifr;ksa ;k ;w¡ dgsafd mlds lewps ikfjfLFkfrd rU=k ds fy, foukÀk dk lccgSA xr twu ds nwljs i[kokM+s esa mRrjk[k.M esa ckny iQVus]HkwL[kyu] fgeL[kyu vkSj ck<+ ls vk;h rckgh dk tks [+kkSiQ+ukdeat+j ns[kus esa vk;k og ,slh gh fouk'kdkjh ?kVukvksa dk ,dizkfrfufèkd mnkgj.k gSA bl =kklnh ls fuiVus esa iwjh rjgfoiQy lkfcr gksus ds ckn viuh NhNkysnj ls cpus ds fy,mRrjk[k.M ljdkj us vHkh Hkh bl =kklnh esa ekjs x;s yksxksadh Bhd&Bhd la[;k ugha crk;h gS] ijUrq fofHkUu xSj ljdkjhlaLFkkvksa vkSj LorU=k ,tsafl;ksa dk nkok gS fd ;g la[;k 10ls 15 gt+kj gks ldrh gSA ;gh ugha mRrjk[k.M ds lSdM+ksaxk¡o rckg gks x;s gSa vkSj yk[kksa yksxksa ds fy, thfodk dkladV mRiUu gks x;k gSA

bl =kklnh esa ejus okys vkSj x+k;c gksus okys yksxksa dh,d cM+h la[;k rhFkZ;kf=k;ksa dh Fkh tks pkj èkke (dsnkjukFk]cnjhukFk] xaxks=kh vkSj ;equks=kh) ;k=kk ds fy, vk;s FksA nsoHkwfeds uke ls tkuh tkus okyh mRrjk[k.M dh ljt+eha ij gksusokyh bl Hk;adj rckgh ds fny ngyk nsus okys nÀ; ns[kdjèkeZ Hkh: yksxksa us vkSj lkEiznkf;d jktuhfr dk ?kfV;k [ksy[ksyus okys enkfj;ksa us rqjr&iqQjr esa bls ,d nSoh; vkinkd+jkj ns fn;kA ,sls yksxksa ls rks cl ogh loky iwNuk dkiQ+hgksxk tks cjlksa igys Àkghn&,&vkt+e Hkxrflag us viuslqizfl¼ ys[k êSa ukfLrd D;ksa gw¡\* esa iwNk Fkk fd ¶bZÀojdgk¡ gS\ og D;k dj jgk gS\ D;k og ekuotkfr ds bu lcnq[kksa vkSj rdyhiQ+ksa dk et+k ys jgk gS\ rc rks og uhjks gS]paxst+ [kk¡ gS] mldk ukÀk gks!¸ reke i;kZoj.kfon~ bl rckghds dkj.kksa dh VqdM+ksa&VqdM+ksa esa rks lgh iM+rky djrs gSaijUrq mudh lhek ;g gS fd dqy feykdj os bl rckgh dk

dkj.k ekuo lH;rk ds fodkl dh ,d [k+kl eafty esad+k;e gqbZ mRiknu iz.kkyh ;kuh iw¡thoknh mRiknu iz.kkyhdks u ekudj lewph ekuork dks gh dkslus yxrs gSa vkSjmuesa ls dqN rks vkèkqfud foKku dks gh ,slh =kklfn;ksa dsfy, ft+Eesnkj Bgjkus yxrs gSaA ;g lgh gS fd mRrjk[k.Mdh =kklnh dh Hk;kogrk fdlh izkd`frd izdksi dk ughacfYd izd`fr ds uSlfxZd xfr esa vokafNr ekuoh; gLr{ksiksadk urhtk gSA ijUrq blds fy, lewph ekuo tkfr dksft+Eesnkj Bgjkuk loZFkk vuqfpr gS D;ksafd iw¡thoknh O;oLFkkesa izd`fr ds lkFk NsM+NkM+ O;kid ekuork ds fgrksa dsen~nsut+j u gksdj lekt ds eqV~Bh Hkj yksxksa ds equkiQ+s dsfy, gksrh gSA ;g O;oLFkk O;kid ekuork }kjk vke lgefrls pquh ugha x;h gS cfYd cyiwoZd ij ml ij Fkksih x;hgSA blfy, ,slh =kklfn;ksa ds fy, ;fn dksbZ ft+Eesnkj gS rksbl O;oLFkk ds jguqek ;kuh iw¡thifr Àkkld oxZ dh tekrgS ftlds bÀkkjksa ij iw¡thoknh fodkl dk jFk ekuork dslkFk gh lkFk izd`fr dks Hkh jkSanrk gqvk ljiV nkSM+ yxk jgkgSA bl ys[k esa ge ri+Qlhy ls ns[ksaxs fd mRrjk[k.M tSlh=kklfn;ksa ds fy, iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk fdl izdkj ft+Eesnkj gSA

fgeky; dh igkfM+;ksa vkSj ?kkfV;ksa esaizÑfr dh vUèkkèkqUèk iw¡thoknh ywV&[klksV

x<+oky fgeky;] tgk¡ lcls vfèkd rckgh eph]vHkh Hkh vius HkwxHkhZ; fodkl dh izfØ;k esa gS vkSj blotg ls ;g lewpk bykdk ikfjfLFkfrd :i ls dkiQ+huktq+d vkSj vfLFkj ekuk tkrk gSA ,sls uktqd vkSj vfLFkj{ks=k esa fdlh Hkh fdLe dk fueZk.k iw.kZ fu;ksftr vkSjfofu;fer gksuk pkfg, vkSj fodkl dh ifj;kstukvksaa dsi;kZoj.k ij iM+us okys vlj dh lkaxksikax tk¡p iM+rky dsckn gh mudks gjh >.Mh feyuh pkfg,A mRrjk[k.M esa Bhdbldk mYVk gqvk! o"kZ 2000 esa tc ;g jkT; cuk;k x;kFkk rks blds ihNs ;g rdZ fn;k x;k Fkk fd pw¡fd bl jkT;dk vfèkdkaÀk fgLlk igkM+h {ks=k esa vkrk gS blfy, vyxjkT; cuus ls bldk lUrqfyr fodkl lEHko gks ldsxk vkSjfgeky; ds uktqd ikfjfLFkfrd rU=k dks cpk;k tk ldsxkAijUrq jkT; cuus ds ckn fcYMjksa] gksVy O;olkf;;ksa vkSjreke èkUèkscktksa ds fgrksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ftl fdLe


dk fodkl ogk¡ ij gqvk mlls ogk¡ dk ikfjfLFkfrd rU=kvkSj T+;knk vfLFkj gks x;kA i;kZoj.kfonksa dh reke psrkofu;ksadks njfdukj dj ogk¡ vUèkkèkqUèk rjhds ls igkfM+;ksa dksck:n ls mM+kdj lM+dsa vkSj lqjaxsa cuk;h x;ha] NksVs&cM+sreke ck¡èkksa dks vkuu&IkQkuu esa gjh >.Mh ns nh x;h]rhFkZLFkkuksa esa ufn;ksa ds Bhd fdukjs vkSj Mwc {ks=kksa esa gksVyksavkSj èkeZÀkkykvksa dh ck<+&lh vk x;h] fuekZ.k dk;ksaZ ds c<+usds lkFk gh ogk¡ voSèk [kuu vkSj ouksa dh vUèkkèkqUèk dVkbZesa Hkh vHkwriwoZ :i ls c<+ksrjh gqbZA

foMEcuk rks ;g gS fd ekStwnk =kklnh ds Bhd igysrd ogk¡ dh ljdkjsa bu lHkh xfrfofèk;ksa dks jkT; ds ¶pgq¡eq[khfodkl¸ ds :i esa izpkfjr ,oa izlkfjr dj jgh Fkha vkSjdkaxzsl vkSj Hkktik esa bldk Js; ysus dh gksM+ eph gqbZ FkhAfofHkUu ikfVZ;ksa ds usrk bl =kklnh ds ckn Hkys gh fdrus?kfM+;kyh vk¡lw cgk,¡] ijUrq muds ;s ?kfM+;kyh vk¡lw bllPPkkbZ dks ugha fNik ldrs fd fgeky; ds ikfjfLFkfrdlUrqyu ds fcxM+us ds iQyLo:i gksus okyh bl Hk;kog=kklnh esa mudh Hkh izR;{k Hkwfedk jgh gSA bldh ,d felkybl =kklnh ds Ms<+ eghus igys 6 ebZ dks ns[kus esa vk;h tcmRrjk[k.M ds eq[;eU=kh fot; cgqxq.kk ogk¡ ds laLkn lnL;ksavkSj foèkk;dksa ds ,d izfrfufèke.My ds lkFk fnYyh vk;svkSj izèkkueU=kh ij dsUnz dh ml vfèklwpuk dks okil ysusdk ncko cuk;k ftlds rgr xaxks=kh ls mRrjdkÀkh ds chpds 130 fd-eh- ds bykds dks ikfjfLFkfrd :i ls laosnuÀkhy{ks=k (bdks lsfUlfVo t+ksu) ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k FkkA

lM+dsa] lqjaxsa o ck¡èk cukus ds fy, vUèkkèkqUèk rjhdsls igkfM+;ksa dks ck:n ls mM+kus dh otg ls bl iwjs bykdsdh pV~Vkuksa dh vfLFkjrk vkSj c<+us ls HkwL[kyu dk [k+rjkc<+ x;kA ouksa dh vUèkkèkqUèk dVkbZ vkSj voSèk [kuu ls HkhfiNYks dqN cjlksa esa fgeky; ds bl {ks=k esa HkwL[kyu] e`nk{kj.k vkSj ck<+ dh ifj?kVuk esa c<+ksRrjh ns[kus esa vk;h gSAigkM+ksa dh <ykuksa ij ouLifr;ksa dh ekStwnxh ls o"kkZ ds ikuhds cgko dh xfr èkheh gks tkrh gS vkSj mlds ,d fgLls dksHkwfexr ty esa fey tkus dk i;kZIr volj fey tkrk gSblls fupys bykdksa esa ck<+ dh lEHkkouk Hkh de gks tkrhgSA ouLifr;ksa dh xSj ekStwnxh esa o"kkZ dk ikuh dkIkQh rst+xfr ls igkM+ksa dh <yku ij cgrs gq, vius lkFk pV~Vkuksa]dadM+] iRFkj vkSj feV~Vh dks ysrk gqvk Hkkjh ek=kk esa ?kkfV;ksaesa igq¡prk gS vkSj ck<+ dh foHkhf"kdk dks tUe nsrk gSA ;ghugha bl iwjs bykds esa fiNys dqN o"kksZa esa fgeky; dh ufn;ksaij tks ck¡èk cuk;s x;s ;k ftu ck¡èkksa dh eatwjh fey pqdhgS muls Hkh ck<+ dh lEHkkouk c<+ x;h gS D;ksafd buesa lsT+;knkrj dh eatwjh i;kZoj.k ij iM+us okys izHkko dh lkaxksikaxiM+rky ds fcuk gh ns nh x;hA lkFk gh lkFk bu ck¡èkksa esa gksusokyh flfYVax dks Hkh gVkus dh dksbZ dkjxj ;kstuk u gksusls vkus okys fnuksa esa Hkh Hkh"k.k =kklfn;ksa dh lEHkkoukvksa lsbudkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA

tyok;q ifjorZu vkSj mlds izHkkonqfu;k Hkj ds oSKkfud vkSj i;kZoj.kfon~ ;g ckr

cjlksa ls dgrs vk;s gSa fd fiNys dqN nÀkdkas esa lewpsHkwe.My eas tyok;q ifjorZu ds y{k.k fn[k jgs gSaA XykscyokfeZax dh ifj?kVuk blh ifjorZu dh ,d ckuxh gS ftlesai`Foh ij dqN [k+kl xSlksa (xzhu gkml xSlksa tSls dkcZu MkbZvkWDlkbM) ds vfèkdkfèkd mRltZu dh otg ls okrkoj.kdk vkSlr rkieku c<+ jgk gS ftldh ifj.kfr nqfu;k dsfofHkUu fgLlksa esa Hkkjh o"kkZ] ck<+ o lw[kk tSlh izkd`frdvkinkvksa dh c<+rh ckjEckjrk ds :i esa ns[kus dks vk jghgSA xzhu gkml xSlksa dk mRltZu eq[; rkSj ij thokÀeh;bZaèku (iQkWfly Ý;w,y) ds bLrseky esa vHkwriwoZ c<+ksrjh lstqM+k gqvk gS tks lhèks rkSj ij foÀoO;kih iw¡thoknh vkWVkseksckbym|ksx ds lud Hkjs fodkl dh otg ls gqvk gSA x+kSjrycgS fd mRrjk[k.M dh =kklnh ds ihNs ,d eq[; dkj.kekulwu dk le; ls dkiQh igys vkSj Hkh"k.k :i esa vkukHkh jgkA ekulwu dh vfufÀprrk dk c<+uk Hkh tyok;qifjorZu dh O;kid ifj?kVuk ls tksM+ dj ns[kk tk jgk gSAblds vfrfjDr Xykscy okfeZax dk ,d vU; izHkko XysfÀk;jksads fi?kyus ds :i esa lkeus vk jgk gS ftldh otg ls ck<+dh lEHkkouk,¡ vkSj c<+ tkrh gSaA dsnkjukFk ?kkVh dh vkinkdh Hkh"k.krk dk ,d dkj.k pksjkckjh XysfÀk;j dk fi?kyukHkh jgk tks eUnkfduh unh dk lzksr gSA bl XysfÀk;j dsfi?kyus dh otg ls dsnkjukFk ?kkVh esa ty ds cgko esa Hkkjho`f¼ gqbZ vkSj HkwL[kyu ls vkus okyh pV~Vkuksa vkSj HkkjhHkjde iRFkjksa ds lkFk tc ;g ty dsnkjukFk dLcs esa igq¡pkrks ogk¡ yksxksa dks lEHkyus dk ekSdk Hkh ugha feyk vkSj ns[krsgh ns[krs iwjs d+Lcs esa rckgh ep x;hA

rhFkZ;k=kk dk i;ZVu m|ksx ds :i esafodflr gksuk

mRrjk[k.M dh bl Hkh"k.k =kklnh esa tku&eky dhvHkwriwoZ {kfr dk ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh jgk fd tc ;g vkink?kfVr gqbZ ml oD+r ogk¡ vU; jkT;ksa ls cgqr Hkkjh la[;k esavk;s rhFkZ;k=kh ekStwn FksA ,d vuqeku ds eqrkfcd bl lkyebZ vkSj twu ds eghus esa gh izfl¼ pkj èkke esa igq¡psrhFkZ;kf=k;ksa dh la[;k yxHkx 13 yk[k FkhA x+kSjryc gS fdbruh cM+h la[;k esa rhFkZ;kf=k;ksa dk pkj èkke ;k=kk esa vkukLor% LiQwrZ ugha gS] cfYd blds ihNs iwjs i;ZVu m|ksx dkrkuk&ckuk dke djrk gS ftlesa Vwj vkWijsVlZ ls ysdj gksVyO;olk;h vkSj dqdqjeqRrksa dh rjg iuius okys fdLe&fdLeds vkè;kfRed xq: vkSj ckck Àkkfey gSaA tgk¡ ,d vksjiw¡thokn lekt esa vlekurk vkSj vjktdrk iQSyk dj yksxksadks ¶iki¸ djus vkSj vijkèk djus ds fy, gesÀkk mdlkrkjgrk gS ogha nwljh vksj èkeZ esa ekStwn bu ikiksa ds izk;fÀprdjus vkSj eks{k izkfIr ds reke rjhdksa dks lg;ksftr djequkiQ+k dekus ds fur u;s volj Hkh [kkstrk jgrk gSA


rhFkZ;k=kk ,slk gh ,d rjhdk gS ftlus ns[krs gh ns[krs fiNysdqN lkyksa esa gh ,d laxfBr i;ZVu m|ksx dk :i èkkj.kdj fy;k gSA

mRrjk[k.M i;ZVu foHkkx ds gh vk¡dM+s ds eqrkfcdo"kZ 2000 esa u;k jkT; cuus ds ckn ;gk¡ i;ZVdksa dh la[;kesa 155 iQhlnh dk bt+kiQ+k gqvkA jkT; esa gj lky yxHkx2-8 djksM+ i;ZVd igq¡prs gSa tks iwjs jkT; dh vkcknh dknqxquk gSA t+kfgj gS fd bruh cM+h la[;k esa i;ZVdksa dk jkT;esa igq¡puk vius vki esa fgeky; ds vfLFkj ikfjfLFkfrdrU=k vkSj ogk¡ ds lhfer laLkkèkuksa ij vkSj cks> c<+krk gSAi;ZVu m|ksx ls feyus okys jktLo dh otg ls ljdkjsa Hkhbls [kwc c<+kok nsrh jgh gS ftldh ifj.kfr vUèkkèkqUèk fuekZ.kdh xfrfofèk;ksa esa gksrh gS tks leL;k dks vkSj c<+k nsrh gSaAcjlksa ls i;kZoj.kfon~ ;g psrkrs vk;s gSa fd pkj èkke esa gjlky igq¡pus okys rhFkZ;kf=k;ksa dh la[;k dks fu;fU=kr fd;ktk;s] ijUrq pkgs og Hkktik dh ljdkj gks ;k dk¡xzsl dhljdkj] fdlh us bl fnÀkk esa dksbZ dne ugha mBk;kA mYVsfofHkUu ljdkjksa us bl èkkfeZd i;ZVu dks c<+kok gh fn;kftlls iwjs nsÀk ls vkus okys rhFkZ;kf=k;ksa dh la[;k esa gj lkyc<+ksrjh gksrh jghA

vkink izcUèku ds ekeys esa Àkklu&izÀkkludh vkijkfèkd ykijokgh

bl =kklnh esa brus cM+s iSekus ij gqbZ rckgh ds fy,izd`fr ds izdksi dks ft+Eesnkj Bgjk;k tk jgk gSA dsUnz ojkT; ljdkj nksuksa ds izfrfufèk;ksa us blds fy, fdlh Hkhizdkj dh ft+Eesnkjh ysus ls budkj dj fn;k gSA ;g ckr lghgS fd bl =kklnh esa ck<+ ds lkFk&lkFk cgqr cM+h ek=kk esaeycs ds cgus ls blus Hkh"k.k :i vf[+r;kj dj fy;kA ijUrq;g Hkh mruk gh lgh gS fd ,slh Hkh"k.k =kklnh esa Hkh ÀkkluvkSj izÀkklu dh pqLrh vkSj eqLrSnh ls tku&eky dh gkfudks de fd;k tk ldrk FkkA dsUnz ljdkj ds vUrxZr dkedjus okys ekSle foHkkx dk dguk gS fd mlus bl ckj le;ls igys ekulwu ds vkus dh Li"V psrkouh nh Fkh vkSj mlusmRrjk[k.M ljdkj dks ;g Hkh tkudkjh nh Fkh fd 16] 17vkSj 18 twu dks ogk¡ Hkkjh o"kkZ gksus dh lEHkkouk gSA ijUrqjkT; ljdkj dk ;g dguk gS fd ;g psrkouh Bksl :i esau gksdj cgqr lkekU; :i esa nh x;h Fkh] blfy, izÀkkluus dksbZ dne mBkuk t+:jh ugha le>kA t+kfgj gS fd izÀkklfudgyds esa ekSle foHkkx dh Hkfo";ok.kh egt+ jLevnk;xhcudj jg x;h gSA bl iwjs okd+;s ls Hkkjr dh iw¡thoknhukSdjÀkkgh dk ?ku?kksj tufojksèkh vkSj laosnughu pfj=k lkeusvkrk gSA

o"kZ 2004 esa vk;h lqukeh ds ckn vkink izcUèku dsckjs esa yEch&pkSM+h ckrsa dh x;ha FkhaA vkink izcUèku ds ckjsesa viuh xEHkhjrk fn[kkus ds ed+ln ls dsUnz ljdkj usvkink izcUèku dkuwu 2005 cuk;k vkSj izèkkueU=kh dh

vè;{krk esa jk"Vªh; vkink izcUèku izkfèkdj.k (,u-Mh-,e-,-) dk xBu fd;k A ijUrq tSlk fd vkerkSj ij gksrk gS];g laLFkk Hkh Hkkjr ds fojkV ukSdjÀkkgh rU=k esa ,d vkSjdM+h ek=k cudj jg x;hA Àkq#vkrh dqN ehfVaxksa ds cknbldh dksbZ ehfVax Hkh ugha gqbZA bldk dke egt+ dqNvk¡dM+s ,d=k djuk jg x;kA mRrjk[k.M =kklnh ds nks eghusigys gh lh,th (dEiVªksyj ,.M vkWfMVj tujy) us viuh,d fjiksVZ (ijiQkesZal vkWfMV fjiksVZ] 23 vizSy 2013) esavkink izcUèku ds ekeys esa dsUnz ,oa jkT; ljdkjksa ds ypjn'f"Vdks.k dh vkykspuk dh FkhA fjiksVZ esa ;g lkIkQ fy[kkgS fd 2007 esa eq[;eU=kh dh vè;{krk esa xfBr mRrjk[k.Mvkink izcUèku izkfèkdj.k us vkt rd jkT; esa vkinkizcUèku dks ysdj dksbZ uhfr ugha cuk;h vkSj dksbZ fnÀkkfunsZÀkHkh ugha t+kjh fd;kA vkink izcUèku dkuwu 2005 ds vuqlkjgj jkT; dks viuh vkink izcUèku ;kstuk cukus dh ft+EesnkjhFkhA ijUrq mRrjk[k.M lfgr reke jkT; ljdkjksa us ,slh dksbZ;kstuk ugha cuk;h vkSj u gh fofHkUu izdkj dh vkinkvksa dhckjEckjrk vkSj xgurk ds vk¡dM+s ,d=k djus dh fnÀkk esadksbZ iz;kl fd;k x;kA izèkkueU=kh dh vè;{krk okyh ,u-Mh-,e-,- dh ;g ft+Eesnkjh gS fd og jkT;ksa ds Åij nckoMkys fd os vkink izcUèku dks ysdj viuh ;kstuk;sa cuk;savkSj fnÀkkfunsZÀk t+kjh djsaA ijUrq ,u-Mh-,e-,- us viuh blft+Eesnkjh dk fuoZgu djuk Hkh t+:jh ugha le>kA

lh,th dh fjiksVZ esa ;g egRoiw.kZ rF; Hkh fpfÉrfd;k x;k gS fd mRrjk[k.M ljdkj us o"kZ 2008 esa vk;h=kklnh ds ckn ft;kyWkftdy losZ vkWiQ bf.M;k dh mlfjiksVZ ij Hkh dksbZ dkjZokbZ ugha dh ftlesa jkT; ds 223 xk¡oksaesa ls 101 dks vkink dh n`f"V ls lqHks| crk;k x;k Fkk vkSjbu xk¡oksa ds fÀkÝ+V djus dh ckr dgh x;h FkhA bldsvfrfjDr vkink izfrfØ;k dks"k esa Hkh cM+s iSEkkus ij Hkz"Vkpkjdh ckr lh,th dh fjiksVZ esa dgh xbZ gSA ,sls esa ;g vkÀp;Zdh ckr ugha fd vkink vkus ds ckn mRrjk[k.M ds eq[;eU=khcxysa >k¡drs ut+j vk;s vkSj jkT; esa vkink izcUèku dhns[kjs[k djus dh ctk; fnYyh esa Msjk Mkys jgs vkSj nsÀkokfl;ksals enn dh xqgkj yxkrs fiQjrs jgsA

vUr esa ;g tksM+uk t+:jh gS fd mRrjk[k.M dh=kklnh ds ckn tks yksx gj fdLe ds vkèkqfud fueZk.kelyu igkM+ksa ij lM+dsa] lqjaxsa] ck¡èk bR;kfn cukus dkfujis{k fojksèk dj jgs gSa oks Hkh bl fdLe dh =kklnh lsfutkr ikus dk dksbZ O;kogkfjd mik; ugha crk jgs gSaA ekuolH;rk ds tUe ds lkFk gh euq"; vkSj izd`fr ds chpvUrfoZjksèkksa dh Àkq#vkr gks pqdh FkhA ;g lgh gS fd iw¡thoknhmRiknu iz.kkyh esa vUrfuZfgr vjktdrk dh otg ls blvUrfoZjksèk us foukÀkdkjh :i vf[+r;kj dj fy;k gSA ijUrqbldk lekèkku ;g ugha gks ldrk fd ge gj fdLe dhvkèkqfudrk dk R;kx dj ekuo lH;rk dh fiNyh eaftyksadh vksj okil eqM+ tk;saA bl =kklnh dk lekèkku gesa vrhr


dh ctk; Hkfo"; dh mRiknu iz.kkyh esa <w¡<+uk gksxkA ,slklekèkku lektoknh mRiknu iz.kkyh gh ns ldrh gS ftldkvfLrRo lekt ds eqV~Bh Hkj yksxksa dh equkiQs+ dh lud dksiwjk djus dh ctk; O;kid ekuork dh okLrfod t+:jrksadks iwjk djus ds fy, gksA dsoy ,slh mRiknu iz.kkyh esa gheuq"; vkSj izdfr ds chp ds vUrfoZjksèkksa dks ;kstukc¼ vkSjlkSgknZiw.kZ rjhds ls gy fd;k tk ldrk gSA lektoknhmRiknu iz.kkyh gh og iz.kkyh gS ftlesa lekt dk gj lnL;fodkl dh ifj;kstukvksa dk fuf"Ø; miHkksDrk vkSj mudsdgj dk HkqDrHkksxh gksus dh ctk; ;kstuk ls ysdj vey

;g v¡èksjk

dkfy[k dh rjg

Le`fr;ksa ij Nk tkuk pkgrk gSA

;g liuksa dh t+ehu dks

catj cuk nsuk pkgrk gSA

;g mEehn ds va[kqoksa dks

dqrj nsuk pkgrk gSA

blfy, tkxrs jguk gS]

Le`fr;ksa dh LysV dks

iksaNrs jguk gSA

Hkwyuk ugha gS

ekuoh; bPNkvksa dksA

Hkwyuk ugha gS fd

lcls cqfu;knh t+:jrsa D;k gSa vkSj D;k gSa gekjs

fy,

x+Sjt+:jh] ftUgsa yxkrkj

gekjs fy, lcls t+:jh crk;k tk jgk gSA

Hkwyuk ugha gS fd

vHkh Hkh gS Hkw[k vkSj cngkyh]

vHkh Hkh gSa ywV vkSj lkSnkxjh vkSj egktuh

vkSj tsy vkSj iQk¡lh vkSj dksM+sA

Hkwyuk ugha gS fd

;s lkjh pht+sa vxj ges'kk ls ugha jgh gSa

rks ges'kk ugha jgsaxhA

Hkwyuk ugha gS 'kCnksa ds

okLrfod vFkksaZ dks

vkSj ;g fd vHkh Hkh

dfork dh t+:jr gS

vkSj vHkh Hkh yM+uk mruk gh t+:jh gSA

gesa ml t+ehu dh fujkbZ&xqM+kbZ djuh gS]

nhedksa ls cpkuk gS

tgk¡ v¡dqjk;saxh mEehnsa

tgk¡ lius tkxsaxs Hkksj gksrs gh]

Le`fr;k¡ u;h dYiukvksa dks ia[k nsaxh

çfr{kk,¡ iQyhHkwr gksaxh

;kstukvksa esa vkSj v¡èksjs dh pknj iQkM+dj

,dne lkeus vk [kM+h gksxh

,d eqDdey u;h nqfu;kA

Hkwyuk ugha gSlllll 'kf'k izdk'k

rd mRiknu ds gj Lrj o eafty esa lfØ; Hkkxhnkj culdrk gSA igkM+ksa tSls vfLFkj vkSj uktqd ikfjfLFkfrd rU=kesa ,slh Hkkxhnkjhiw.kZ vkSj ;kstukc¼ fodkl dh vkSj HkhT+;knk t+:jr gSA fodkl ds ekStwnk iw¡thoknh ekWMy dscjDl lektoknh ekWMy esa yksx u fliQZ LFkkuh; vkcknh dht+:jr ds fglkc ls feytqydj ;kstuk;sa cuk;saxs cfYdfdlh Hkh vkink dh lwjr esa gkFk ij gkFk j[kdj Vhoh ij=kklnh dk eatj ns[kdj pfdr vkSj nq[kh gksus dh ctk;vkink izcUèku esa Hkh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh djsaxs ftlls rckgh dksde djuk lEHko gks ldsxkA


vkàku ;gk¡ ls izkIr djsamÙkj izns'k

l tupsruk] 114] turk ekdsZV] jsyos cl LVs'ku jksM] xksj[kiqj l tupsruk] Mh&68] fujkyk uxj] y[kuÅ ltupsruk LVkWy] dkWi+Qh gkml ds ikl] gtjrxat] y[kuÅ ('kke 5 cts ls 8-00 rd) l izksxzsflo cqd LVkWy] fo'oukFkefUnj xsV] ch,p;w okjk.klh l fo'kky foØe flag :e ua&310 fcM+yk gkWLVy&ch ch,p;w okjk.klh] l dq¡oj lUnhi dqekjflag&dqlqefoyk] dkWyst jksM+] efUnj ysu] mUukofnYyh

l vfHkuo flUgk] ch&100] eqdqUn fogkj] djkoy uxj l ih-ih-,p-] ts-,u-;w- l xhrk cqd ls.Vj] ts-,u-;w- lgse cqd ls.Vj] ts-,u-;w- l ls.Vªy U;wt ,tsalh] dukWV Iysl] l ih-ih- ,p- cqd'kkWi dukWV Iyslfcgkj

l nsck'kh"k cjkV] }kjk&vkj-ds-cuthZ] xksdqy iFk] ukyk ikj] jksM la- 2] mRrjh iVsy uxj] iVuk&800024 l Jhjkeukjk;.k jk; (f'k{kd)] izksi+Qslj dkWyksuh] lh-,u- dkWyst lkgscxat] iks- djukSy] ftyk eqt+Ý+i+Qjiqj l MkW- fxfjtk'kadjeksnh] ^'kCnlnu*] fldUnjiqj] fejtkugkV] Hkkxyiqj l izxfr'khy lkfgR; lnu] iVuk dkyst xsV ds lkeus] v'kksdjktiFk] iVuk l Jh pUnzs'oj] ,y-,p-&3@8] gkmflax dkWyksuh] pUnok] vkjk] ftyk&Hkkstiqj l lUrks"k vks>k }kjk j?kqukFkvks>k] f'kopUnz iFk] dkyh efUnj jksM] guqeku uxj] dadM+ ckx] IkVuk l jkeizos'k dqekj] xzke o IkksLV&:Lreiqj(csynkjhIkj) Fkkuk] gqYkklxat] Hkk;k&bZLykeiqj] ukyUnkjktLFkku

l pUnz'ks[kj] yksdk;r izdk'ku] 883] yksèkks dh xyh] ,e-Mh- jksM] t;iqj l vks-ih- xqtZj] 137] xksYi+Q dkslZ Ldhe],;j i+QkslZ] tksèkiqjAgfj;k.kk

l MkW- lq[knso gqUny] xzke$iksLV lUruxj ok;k thou uxj] fljlk l jes'k [kVdM+] ve`rk esfMdkst] vksYM clLVS.M jksM] pksiM+k iV~Vh] fu;j èkksykdaqvk] ujokuk] ftyk&thUnAegkjk"Vª

l oh- ih- flag] ch&5] ladf"V dksvkijsfVo gkmflax lkslk;Vh] gkth eyax jksM] pDdh ukdk] dY;k.k l ihiqYlcqd gkml] esgjth gkml] 15] dkolth iVsy LVªhV i+QksVZ] eqEcbZ l [kUuk th] fo'oHkkjrh izdk'ku] èkuors pSEclZ] lhrkonhZ]ukxiqj l ';ke lksukj (izksxzsflo LVwMs.V~l i+Qksje) 3@3] 'kqHkdkeuk lkslk;Vh] y{ehikdZ] i+Qst+&2 ds cktw esa ikM+k ua&2];'kksèku uxj] Bk.ks (if'pe) egkjk"Vª l xksiky uk;Mw dkS'kY;k vikVZes.V pwuk HkV~Bh] vtuh jksM] ukxiqj l f'kjh"k es<+h]Mh&402] jfo bLVsV vkWi+Q iks[kju jksM ua&1 Bk.ks l g"kZ Bkdksj] gjca'k] prqFkZ ry] uwru y{eh lkslk;Vh] 8 th jksM] twgwfoys ikjys MsCyies.V Ldhe] eqEcbZiatkc

l y[kfoUnj] 'kghn Hkxrflag iqLrdky; 33] iQqVk jksM] xyh ua&5] y{e.kuxj] fx;kliqjk yqfèk;kuk l iatkc cqdls.Vj] ,l-lh-vks--1126&27] lsDVj&22 ch] p.Mhx<+ l yk;y cqd fMiks] iatkc ;wuhoflZVh ekdsZV] lsDVj&14] p.Mhx<+l lqfjUnj LVs'kulZ] 'kkWi uEcj&35] lsDVj&14] ih-;w- ekdsZV] lsDVj&14] p.Mhx<+ l ,ykbM cqd ls.Vj] 'kkWi uEcj&50]lsDVj&15Mh] p.Mhx<+ l LVS.MMZ cqd fMiks] ,l-lh-vks-&78] lsDVj&15] p.Mhx<+ l enku cqd fMiks] iatkch ;wuhoflZVh]ifV;kyk l ts-ds- U;wt+ ,tsalh] cl LVS.M ds ihNs] ifV;kyk l cl LVS.M esa yqfèk;kuk dkm.Vj ds lkeuseè;izns'k

l lat; cqd LVkWy] 'kki ua- 43] Xokfy;jAfgekpy izns'k

l lqjs'k lsu ¶fu'kkUr*] xk¡o lykg] Mkd- lqUnjuxj&1] ftyk&e.MhAmÙkjk[k.M

l lat; oekZ] oekZ ,tsalh] guqeku pkSd lkses'oj] iks-&lkses'oj] ftyk&vYeksM+k l jktsUnz tks'kh }kjk Jethohi=kdkj laxBu f}rh; ry] ft+yk iapk;r Hkou] fiFkkSjkx<+ l n[k+y* }kjk Jh jek'kadj usyoky fu;j mÙkj mtkyk vkWfIk+Ql]pkSgku ikVk] ekyjksM] vYeksM+k l vYeksM+k fdrkc?kj }kjk Jh 'ke'ksj flag fc"V fu;j ;wfuoflZVh dSEil] ekyjksM] vYeksM+k]fiFkkSjkx<+tEew

l Jh iq#"kksÙke ysDpjj] fgUnh foHkkx] tEew fo'ofo|ky;] l jkgqy 139] usg: gkLWVy] tEew fo'ofo|ky;] tEewANÙkhlx<+

l Jh nsoka'kq iky] la - ¶ikB¸ xk;=kh fogkj] xyh fouksck uxj] foykliqj] NÙkhlx<+A


Hkkjrh; iw¡thokn ds xqIr jksx fo'ks"kK veR;Z lsuvkSj txnh'kpUæ vius&vius uqL[kksa dks ysdj fHkM+ x;s gSaAveR;Z lsu viuh iqjkuh dhUlh; nqdku ij mnkj iw¡thoknds uqL[ks ls cuh nokb;k¡ csp jgs gSa rks txnh'kpUæ [kqysckTk+kj dh dM+oh i+Qklhoknh nokbZ csp jgs gSaA gky¡kfd ;gcgl gh csdkj gS D;ksafd u rks mnkj vkSj u gh [kqykckT+kkj iw¡thokn dks mldh chekjh ls futkr fnyk ldrk gSA;s nksuksa gh Nn~e fodYi gSaA bl chekjh dk ,dek=k byktiw¡thokn dh vUr gSA vkSj tc rd ;g ugha gksrk rc rd,sls vFkZ'kkL=kh bl ykbykt chekjh ij viuh nqdku pykrsjgsaxsA

lcls igys ge vFkZ'kkL=kh txnh'kpUnz Hkxorh vkSjveR;Z lsu ds chp ds fooknksa dk dkj.k le> ysrs gSaAtxnh'kpUnz Hkxorh eqDr ckt+kj] Hkwe.Myhdj.k] mnkjhdj.k]futhdj.k dh fouk'kdkjh uhfr;ksa ds [kqys iSjksdkj gSaAmudk ekuuk gS fd ljdkj dh igyh izkFkfedrk gS fdog rst+ vkfFkZd fodkl gkfly djs vkSj mlds ckn ghlkekftd {ks=k] lkekftd lqj{kk] dY;k.kdkjh ;kstukvksaij [+kpZ djsA mudk dguk gS fd 1990 esa eueksgu flagds }kjk 'kq: fd;s x;s ¶vkfFkZd lqèkkjksa¸ dk izFke pj.kvc iwjk gks pqdk gS vkSj tYnh ls vc nwljs pj.k ds¶vkfFkZd lqèkkjksa¸ dks 'kq: fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA os dgrs gSafd izFke pj.k ds vkfFkZd lqèkkjksa ds ckotwn vHkh HkhO;kikj ds lHkh {ks=kksa esa vkSj T+;knk mnkjhdj.k] jhVsy lsDVjdks vkSj eqDr djuk] vkSj Je cktkj esa vkSj ¶lqèkkj¸djuk vHkh Hkh ckdh gSA mudk dguk gS fd bu ¶lqèkkjksals vk; lftr gksxh ftls ckn esa LokLF; o f'k{kk tSls {ks=kksaesa yxk;k tk ldrk gS ftlls x+jhcksa dks jkgr feysxhA Kkrgks fd Hkxorh 1970 ds n'kd ls gh eqDr cktkj dsiSjksdkj jgs gSa vkSj yxkrkj Hkkjr ljdkj dh vkfFkZduhfr;ksa dh vkykspuk djrs jgs gSaA Hkxorh [kq+n dgrs gSa]¶esjk ;g Hkh fo'okl gS fd xqtjkr VSEiysV (ekWMy)vkn'kZ gS_ ogk¡ ds yksx nkSyr tek djus esa fo'okl djrsgSa ij os mldk bLrseky djus esa Hkh fo'okl djrs gSa]dsoy vius fy;s gh ugha cfYd lkekftd HkykbZ ds fy;sA

;g ckr oS".ko vkSj tSu ijEijkvksa ls vkrh gS ftuls xk¡èkhth us Hkh dki+Qh dqN fy;k gSA bl izdkj dk mRd`"V¶fons'kh¸ ekWMy esjs lkFkh fleksu lek ds }kjk iznf'kZrfd;k x;k gS tgk¡ mUgksaus Mp cxZjksa ds ckjs esa fy[kk gS]ftuds blh izdkj ds ewY; vkSj thou'kSyh FkhA¸(vWkuykbZuif=kdk ykbofeaV ls lkHkkj)A lkFk gh mUgsa bl ckr ls Hkh[k+klh ukjkt+xh gS fd ;s vkfFkZd lqèkkj 1990 ds igys ghD;ksa ugha 'kq: fd;s x;sA vxj igys gh bu vkfFkZd lqèkkjksadks ykxw dj fn;k tkrk rks ;g muds fglkc ls csgrj gksrkD;ksafd blls rst+ fodkl nj gkfly gks tkrhA cgqr lhèks'kCnksa esa dgk tk;s rks Hkxorh ds vuqlkj ljdkj igysvjcifr;ksa dh nkSyr c<+kus ds fy;s mUgsa ns'k ds et+nwjksads Je vkSj izkd`frd lalkèkuksa dks ywVus dh [kqyh NwV nsvkSj iw¡th ds jkLrs esa vkuh okyh gj ckèkk vkSj LihMczsdjtSls Je dkuwu] i;kZoj.k d+kuwu vkfn dks ¶yphyk¸ cukns vkSj fiQj tc ns'k esa dbZ lkjs vjcifr gks tk;saxs rctkdj os x+jhcksa ds fy;s FkksM+k [k+Sjkrh vLirky] Ldwy]èkeZ'kkyk] yaxj vkfn [kksy nsaxs! vc ns[kks Hkb;k! x+jhcksa dsfny ij FkksM+k ejge yxkus ds fy;s bruh ¶HkykbZ¸ rksdjuh gh iM+sxh ojuk et+nwjksa ds csjge 'kks"k.k ls mitsvkØks'k vkSj izp.M Øksèk dh vfXu esa lkjs vjcifr vkSjmuds egy HkLehHkwr gksdj Lokgk gks tk;saxsa! Hkxorh dsblh izdkj ds lq>koksa ds pyrs dbZ yksxksa dks ;s Hkze Hkhgks tkrk gS fd Hkxorh fdlh eqDr O;kikj iw¡thokn dsleFkZd gSa D;ksfd os ckt+kj dks izkFkfedrk nsdj ljdkjds gLr{ksi dks de djuk pkgrs gSaA blh ds lkFk ftlizdkj Hkxorh o vjfoUn iuxfM+;k tSls yksx xqtjkr dhfodkl nj ls izHkkfor gSa] mlh izdkj veR;Z lsu o T;k¡nzst+ dsjy dk mnkgj.k nsdj mldh forj.k iz.kkyh dhiz'kalk djrs gSaA Hkxorh ds fopkjksa dks le>us ds ckn gesarks ,slk yxrk gS fd tSls muds ;s fopkj Hkkjr ds fdlhfiNM+s izkUr ds ljdkjh Ldwy ekLVj ds fnekx dh mitgksaA nwljh vksj veR;Z lsu Hkh eksVs rkSj ij Hkwe.Myhdj.k]mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k ds ¶vkfFkZd lqèkkjksa¸ ls lger gSaij lkFk gh og ;g Hkh pkgrs gSa fd iw¡thoknh ljdkjsa

lkef;dh

veR;Z lsu cuke txnh'kpanz Hkxorh

mnkj cqtZqvk cuke iQklhokn%nksuksa Nn~Ek fodYi gSa] gesa nksuksa gh ugha pkfg;s!

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lkekftd {ks=k@lkekftd lqj{kk@dY;k.kdkjh ;kstukvksa esaHkh iSlk [kpZ djsa! lsu eujsxk] [kk| lqj{kk fcy dh^,fDVo fjfMLVªhC;w'ku* tSlh ;kstukvksa dks pykus ds i{kesa gaSA os pkgrs gSa fd ljdkj x+jhch mUewyu] f'k{kk]LokLF; vkfn dh lkekftd enksa esa vius [kpkasZ dks c<+k;sftlls yksxksa dk thouLrj vkSj Ø; {kerk lqèkjs ojukblds fcuk rst+ vkfFkZd fodkl nj gkfly ugha gks ik;sxhAij lsu dh ckrsa Hkwe.Myhdj.k ds bl nkSj esa egt+[k+ke[k+;kyh gh gSA Hkxorh cuke lsu dh cgl ds fy;s ;gHkh dgk tk ldrk gS fd ;g Hkxorh ds ^fVªdy Mkmu*cuke lsu ds ^,fDVo fjfMLVªhC;w'ku* dh cgl gSA

lcls igys ge Hkxorh ds fopkjksa dks ysrs gSaAHkxorh bl ckr ls [k+kls ukjkt+ jgs gSa fd ;fn vkfFkZdlqèkkj 1990 ds n'kd ds igys ls gh 'kq: gks tkrs rkscsgrj jgrkA 1990 ds igys ds n'kdksa esa Hkkjr dh fodklnj 4 Izkfr'kr ds vklikl jgrh Fkh ftls ^fgUnw xzksFk jsV*Hkh dgk tkrk gS vkSj 1990 ds ckn eueksgu flag ds }kjk'kq: fd;s x;s ^vkfFkZd lqèkkjksa* ds ckn ;s c<+ dj 8 ls9 izfr'kr ds vklikl igq¡p x;hA Hkxorh ftl ckr dksugha le>rs og ;g gS fd lu 1947 ls ysdj lu 1970ds n'kd rd jk"Vªh; eqfaDr ;q¼qksa ds ckn ,f'k;k vkSjvesjhdk ds dbZ ns'kksa dks vkt+knh fey pqdh Fkh vkSjjkT;lRrk mu ns'kksa ds iw¡thifr oxZ ds izfrfufèk;ksa ds gkFkesa vk pqdh FkhA bu lHkh ns'kksa ds cqtZqvk oxZ ds lkeusvius&vius eqYdksa dh lkeUrh vkSj v¼ZlkeUrh vFkZO;oLFkkds iw¡thoknh :ikUrj.k dk dk;ZHkkj ekStwn FkkA ij dbZn'kkfCn;ksa dh vkSifuosf'kd ywV ds ckn daxky gq;s bu ns'kksadk iw¡thifr oxZ cgqr gh det+ksj Fkk vkSj mlds ikl Lo;aiw¡th dh deh Fkh ftlds fcuk bu ns'kksa dk iw¡thoknh:ikUrj.k vlEHko FkkA iw¡thoknh fodkl ds fy;s ;g cgqrgh t+:jh Fkk fd igys ,d fo'kkydk; vkèkkjHkwr <k¡ps dkfuekZ.k fd;k tk;s ftlds rgr Hkkjh m|ksx] lM+dksa] iqyksa]fctyh?kjksa vkfn dk tky fcNk;k tk;sA ,slk djus ds fy;siw¡th izkIr djus ds nks gh jkLrs FksA igyk ;g Fkk fdfons'kh lkezkT;oknh ns'kksa ls dtkZ+ fy;k tk;s ij mlls buuoLokèkhu ns'kksa dh jktuhfrd vkt+knh [k+rjs esa iM+ ldrhFkhA nwljk jkLrk Fkk fd ;g iw¡th tek djus ds fy;s viusns'k dh turk ds Je dh ywV dks c<+k;k tk;sA turk dsJe dh d+kj[kkuksa esa ekfydksa ds }kjk [kqyh ywV ds vykokturk ij cM+s iSekus ij vizR;{k dj yxkdj iSlk bdB~Bkdjds vojpukxr <k¡pk ;kuh îfCyd lsDVj* [kM+k fd;ktk;s ftldk bLrseky djds iw¡thifr oxZ viuk ykHkc<+krk tk;sA ,d vkSj ckr ;g Fkh fd 1947 ls ysdj1976 rd dE;qfuT+e dk îzsr* iwjh nqfu;k ds cqt+Zqvk oxZdks Mjk jgk Fkk blfy;s turk ds vkØks'k ij dqN jkgrds NhaVs ekjus dk dke djuk Hkh t+:jh FkkA bu lcdkj.kksa ds pyrs bu uoLokèkhu ns'kksa esa dbZ eqYdksa dscqtZqvk usrkvksa us ifCYkd lsDVj iw¡thokn* dk jkLrk idM+kA

Hkkjr esa ;gh dke usg: us fd;k] ftlds fy, lektokn*ds tqeys dk bLrseky fd;k x;kA mUgksaus turk dks crk;kfd os lektokn* dk fuekZ.k dj jgs gSa vkSj blls iQk;nkpw¡fd turk dk gh gS blfy;s dkkj[kkus esa dke pkyw jgukpkfg;s] gM+rkysa t+jk de gksa] vkSj turk ljdkj dksvizR;{k djksa dh vnk;xh fu;fer :i ls djrh jgs rkfdbl iSls ls ljdkj îfCyd lsDVj* dk fuekZ.k dj lds!blh dks fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk* ;k ifCyd lsDVj lektokn*;k ûsg:fo;kbZ lektokn* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA usg: ds bl^lektokn* esa dqN Hkh lektoknh ugha Fkk] lc dqNiw¡thoknh FkkA dqN dY;k.kdkjh uhfr;k¡ lektokn* dh blukSVadh dks tkjh j[kus ds pyk;h x;ha FkhaA usg: ds^lektoknh* vkSj tui{kèkj gksus dh vlfy;r rks mlhle; lkeus vk x;h Fkh tc mUgksaus rsyaxkuk esa vius ghns'k dh ml x+jhc fdlku turk ij VSad pyok fn;s Fks tkst+ehu ds ekfydkus vkSj lkeUrh 'kks"k.k ls vkt+knh dhek¡x dj jgh Fkh! Hkkjr dh rjg dqN vU; uoLokèkhu ns'kksads cqtqZvk oxZ us Hkh ^lektokn* ds uke dk bLrsekyfd;k vkSj okLro esa ifCyd lsDVj iw¡thokn dk ekWMy[kM+k fd;kA mUgkasus tks jkLrk vf[+r;kj fd;k mlds vykokmuds ikl dksbZ vkSj pkjk Fkk Hkh ughaA ml le; pht+sa blhjkLrs ls iw¡thoknh jkLrs ij vkxs tk ldrh Fkha vkSj x;ha HkhA;kuh fd ml le; cqtZqvk oxZ vkSj mlds usrkvksa ds lkeusloky p;u dk ugha] ckè;rk dk FkkA vxj ljdkj ifCydlsDVj* ds uke ij ,d iw¡thoknh vFkZO;oLFkk esa gLr{ksidjsxh rks blh ds lkFk mls dksVk] ykblsal] ijfeV iz.kkyhvkfn Hkh viukuh iM+sxh ftlls futh iw¡th fuos'k ds jkLrsesa vM+pu iSnk gksxh vkSj mldk rst+h ls fodkl vo#¼gksxk ftlds dkj.k vkfFkZd fodkl nj de gh jgsxh vkSjbl otg ls gh 1990 ds igys ds n'kdksa esa Hkkjr dhfodkl nj ek=k 4 izfr'kr ds vklikl jgrh FkhA ml nkSjesa ,slk djuk Hkkjrh; iw¡thifr oxZ ds fy;s t+:jh Hkh FkkD;ksafd vxj futh iw¡th dks bu uoLokèkhu cqtZqvk ns'kksa esa[kqydj [ksyus dh NwV nh tkrh rks cgqr rst+h ls xzkeh.kd`f"k {ks=kksa ls iQ+kfty vkcknh fudydj 'kgjksa esa vk tkrh_'kgjksa esa rc brus d+kj[k+kus vkfn Fks ugha fd os bl iwjhi+Qkfty vkcknh dks lks[k ikrs vkSj 'kgjksa esa csjkst+xkjloZgkjk vkSj v¼ZloZgkjk dh bruh cM+h iQkSt ØkfUr;ksa dsml nkSj esa cqtZqvk oxZ ds fy;s cgqr gh [k+rjukd ckrgksrhA iw¡thifr oxZ ukd ds vkxs ns[krk gS ij ml oxZ dsusrk vkSj fl¼kUrdkj FkksM+h nwj rd ns[krs gSa vkSj Bhdblfy;s mUgksaus ml le; futh iw¡th ds jkLrs esa ;s rekevM+pusa tkucw>dj [kM+h dha fd dgha equkiQ+s dh gol esaiw¡thifr oxZ lkekftd mFky&iqFky vkSj ØkfUrdkjh ifjfLFkfru iSnk dj ns (veR;Z lsu ds x+jhch vkSj vlekurk nwjdjus ds reke uqL[kksa dk ;gh oxhZ; lkj gS!)A

vc bu reke oLrqxr ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks vuns[kk djdsHkxorh us rksrs dh rjg jV yxk j[kh gS fd ljdkj dks


1990 ds n'kd ds igys ls gh eqDr ckt+kj o ^vkfFkZdlqèkkj* ykxw dj nsus pkfg;s Fks! Hkxorh ,d cqtZqvk vFkZ'kkL=khgSa vkSj vius oxZ dh lcls [k+jkc chekjh ;kuh fd dsoyukd ds vkxs ns[kus dh chekjh ls xzLr gSaA blfy;s mUghads cqtZqvk oxZ ds nwj rd ns[kus okys usrkvksa elyu ukscsydesVh ds drkZèkrkZvksa usa mUgsa vc rd ukscsy iqjLdkj ughafn;k gS ij ^,fDVo fjfMLVªhC;w'ku* dh ckr djus okysveR;Z lsu o êkbØks ØsfMV iQkbusUl* dh voèkkj.kk nsusokys eksgEEn ;quql dks os vc rd ukscsy iqjLdkjksa dhLo.kZifV~Vdk vkSj nq'kkys ls lq'kksfHkr dj pqds gSa! ;s HkhdksbZ bRrsi+Qkd ugha gS fd veR;Z lsu o ;quql nksuksa rhljhnqfu;k* ds mu ns'kksa ls gSa tks ysfuu ds }kjk crk;h x;h^det+ksj dM+h* okys eqYdksa esa vkrs gSa tks vkt dh rkjh[k+esa lektoknh Økafr dh eaft+y esa gSaA vc dksbZ fo}kuvFkZ'kkL=kh vius oxZ ds vfgr dh ckr djs rks oxZ mlsiqjLdkj ns rks dSls\ vkSj ;gh dkj.k gS fd bl izdkj dsyksdjatrkoknh dhfe;kfxjh ds uqL[ks ck¡Vus okys reke cqtZqvkvFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa] la'kksèkuoknh ikfZZVZ;ksa ds fpUrdksa o ¶okeiaFkh¸lq"ks.k oS|ksa dks iw¡thoknh ljdkjsa vius Iykfuax deh'kuksa]fFkad VSadksa] lykgdkj desfV;ksa vkfn esa LFkku o le;≤ij iqjLdkj vkfn Hkh nsrh jgrha gSa rkfd os iw¡thoknhO;oLFkk ds fy;s lsÝVh okYo* dk dke djsa] turk ds i{kls xn~nkjh djds 'kks"kd ekfydksa dh ljdkjksa dk i{k pquasvkSj mudh lpsru ;k vpsru rkcsnkjh djsa!

tgk¡ rd Hkxorh dh xqtjkrh oS".ko vkSj tSuijEijkvksa dh ckr gS ftudh rqyuk mUgksus fleksu lek dsMp cxZjksa ls dj Mkyh gS rks ;g Hkh ,d cgqr gh y¡xM+hvkSj x+yr rqyuk gSA fleksu lek dk ys[k rks ge ugha ns[klds ij igyh ckr ;g gS fd xqtjkr dks Hkh lEiw.kZ Hkkjrdh rjg gh yxHkx 200 lky dh vkSifuosf'kd xqykeh>syuh iM+h Fkh ftlds pyrs gekjk iwjk ns'k viuh ijEijkvkSj bfrgkl ls dV x;k Fkk ij Mp cxZj dHkh fdlh nwljsns'k ds bl rjg xq+yke ugha cus FksA Hkkjr dk iw¡thifr oxZ;wjksi dh rjg cxZjksa dh larku ugha FkkA Hkkjrh; iw¡thokndk fodkl baxyS.M vkSj izaQkl tSls eqYdksa dh rjg ekDlZds 'kCnksa esa uhps ls mQij* dh vksj ugha gqvk Fkk ;kuh fdblus d`f"k ls nLrdkjh vkSj eSU;qiQSDpfjax rd dh viuhuSlfxZd ;k=kk iwjh ugha dh FkhA ;g izfØ;k eè;dky esapy jgh Fkh ij vkSifuosf'kd xqykeh ds dkj.k chp esa ghckfèkr gks x;hA Hkkjr dk iw¡thifr oxZ fczfV'k lRrk }kjkvkjksfir vkSifuosf'kd O;oLFkk ds Hkhrj iSnk gqvk Fkk vkSjblfy;s tUe ls gh det+ksj FkkA bl xq+ykeh ds dkj.k ghHkkjr esa iw¡thokn dk mn; èkeZlqèkkj& iqutkZxj.k&izcksèku(fjiQkeZs'ku&fjuslka&,uykbVsues.V) dh ml LokHkkfod xfrls ugha gqvk ftldh ifj.kfr izQkalhlh ØkfUr tSlh DykfldycqtZqvk tuoknh ØkfUr;ksa ds :i esa gqbZA blfy;s Hkkjr tSlsns'kksa dks iw¡thoknh fodkl dh lkjh cqjkb;k¡ rks feyha ijmlls iSnk gksus okyh vPNkb;k¡ ugha feyhA ,d vkSj ckr

;gk¡ è;ku esa j[kus dh gS fd Mp cxZjksa ds ewY;ksa vkSjthou'kSyh ds dkj.k ogk¡ iw¡thokn ugha iSnk gqvk Fkk cfYdiw¡thokn ds iSnk gksus ds dkj.k Mp cxZjksa ds ml izdkj dsewY; ,oa thou'kSyh iSnk gq, Fks! oscj us Hkh dHkh ekDlZdh ckr dks myV dj dgk Fkk fd izksVsLVsaV ([kklrkSj ijdkYosaiaFk) ewY;ksa] ekU;rkvksa] o dk;ZlaLd`fr ds dkj.kmRrjh ;wjksi esa iw¡thokn iSnk gqvk tcfd vlfy;r ,dnemyV FkhA vjs gk¡] Hkxorh th ds bl oS".ko vkSj tSuijEijkvksa okys vkn'kZ xqtjkrh VSEiysV ls vpkud ;knvk;k fd vHkh gky gh esa fØdsV eSpfiQfDlax ls tqM+sreke lV~Vsckt lVksfj;s xqtjkr ls gh Fks vkSj lV~Vsckth esaviuh tek nkSyr dk bLrseky dj jgs Fks! èkU; gS ;s tSuvkSj oS".ko ijEijkvksa okyk xqtjkrh VSEiySV! xqtjkrh VSEiySVdh ckr djrs le; Hkxorh o vFkZ'kkL=kh vjfoUn iuxfM+;k;g Hkwy tkrs gSa fd xqtjkr esa igys ls gh ,sfrgkfld :ils eq[;r% O;kikfjd iw¡th dh izèkkurk jgh gSA ;s vuk;klgh ugha gks x;k fd iwjs ns'k esa xqtjkr gh iQklhokn dhigyh iz;ksx'kkyk cuk uk fd vkS|ksfxd iw¡th dh izèkkurkokyk caxky ;k egkjk"Vª!

,d vkSj ckr muds oDrO; esa x+kSj djus yk;d gSAos fy[krs gSa fd ¶bl izdkj dk mRd`"V ¶fons'kh¸ ekWMyesjs lkFkh fleksu---¸ bl okD; esa Hkxorh us fosns'kh* 'kCndks Mcy dksV esa D;ksa j[k fn;k\ dgha os ¶fons'kh¸ Mpdh rqyuk eksnh ds ¶Lons'kh¸ xqtjkr ls djds tkus&vutkusvkt ds iQkflLV xqtjkr dks ¶Lons'kh¸ ds led{k rks ughaj[kuk pkgrs\ gkyk¡fd pkgs xk¡èkh dk ¶Lons'kh¸ gks ;k pkgseksnh dk ¶Lons'kh¸ gks] nksuksa dh oxhZ; vUroZLrq ,d ghgSA fdUrq fiQj Hkh xk¡èkh dk ¶Lons'kh¸ vius le; esalfEeyudkjh iztkfr dk Fkk vkSj eksnh dk ¶Lons'kh¸ vktds le; esa ekuofo}s"kh vkSj fo?kVudkjh iztkfr dk gSAvkSj Bhd ;gh ckr Hkxorh cuke lsu ds fookn esa ns[kusdks feyh Hkh tc lsu ds ;g c;ku nsrs gh fd os eksnh dksns'k ds izèkkuea=kh ds :i esa ugha ns[kuk pkgrs reke la?kleFkZd mu ij VwV iM+sA ,d rjiQ ik;fu;j* ds lEikndpanu fe=kk tSls la?kizsfe;ksa us muls ukscy iqjLdkj Nhu ysusrd dh ckr dgh rks ogha lks'ky ehfM;k esa la?kizsfe;ksa usmuds f[kykiQ mQytywy fVIif.k;ksa ls ysdj mudh iq=khdk pfj=k guu rd 'kq: dj fn;k tks fd reke iQkflLVksadh fu'kkuh gksrh gSA

Hkxorh dks chrs nkSj ds ^yslst+ iQs;j* dSfiVfyT+e;kuh eqDr ckt+kj* iw¡thokn dk leFkZd crkuk ;k mnkjhdj.k]Hkwe.Myhdj.k] vkSj futhdj.k dh uhfr;ksa dks ^yslst+iQs;j dSfiVfyT+e* esa lkn`';rk ns[kuk Hkh xyr gSA yslstiQs;j dSfiVfyT+e iw¡thokn ds mBku dk nkSj Fkk tc lkezkT;okniSnk ugha gqvk vkSj ckt+kj esa ,d gn rd eqDr izfr;ksfxrkFkh ftlds pyrs u;s ekfydksa ds iSnk gksus dh iwjh lEHkkoukjgrh Fkh vkSj bt+kjsnkjh ugha iSnk gqbZ FkhA blh vkfFkZdvkèkkj ij izcksèkudky ds cqtZqvk nk'kZfud cqtZqvk 'kklu


dks ,d ,slh izkd`frd o uSlfxZd O;oLFkk ds #i esa ns[klds ftlesa muds vuqlkj iwjh ekuotkfr dk dY;k.klEHko FkkA blh vkèkkj ij mUgksusa ^Lora=krk] lekurk] vkSjHkzkr`Ro* dh ckr mBk;hA vycRrk ckn esa vius dM+osvuqHko ls xqt+jdj gh et+nwjksa dks ;s le> esa vk;k fdmRiknu ds lkèku ij dCt+k djds cSBs ekfydksa vkSj viuhgkFkksa dh esgur cspus dks etcwj et+nwjksa ds chp izcksèkudkyds cqtZqvk nk'kZfudksa dh ^Lora=krk] lekurk] vkSj Hkzkr`Ro*dh ckr djuk ljklj tM+ew[kZrk gSA blfy;s Hkwe.Myhdj.kds bl nkSj ds vkfFkZd lqèkkjksa dks] tc fd dhUl dh^pjdlafgrk* ds uqL[kksa us Hkh vc dke djuk can dj fn;kgS] chrs nkSj ds êqDr O;kikj* ds led{k j[kuk ,dHkzked vkSj x+yr rqyuk gSA

Hkxorh dk ;g dguk Hkh x+yr gS fd eqDr ckt+kj]Hkwe.Myhdj.k] mnkjhdj.k] o futhdj.k dh fn'kk esa fd;stkus okys nwljs pj.k ds vkfFkZd lqèkkjksa ls x+jhcksa dks dksbZiQk;nk gksxkA uk rks igys pj.k ls ,slk gqvk gS vkSj ukgh nwljs pj.k ls gh ,slk lEHko gSA Hkkjr esa fiNys nksn'kdksa esa fodkl nj lcls T+;knk jgh gS ij blh nkSj esavehjh&x+jhch dh [kkbZ lcls T+;knk pkSM+h gqbZ gSA gky ghesa ikl gqvk jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk fcy ns'k dh 65 izfr'krvkcknh dks x+jhc ekudj pyrk gSA 1990 ds ckn jkst+xkjfuekZ.k dh nj ?kVh gSA 2004&05 ls 2009&10 ds chp dqyjkst+xkj fuekZ.k 10 yk[k Fkk ij bl nkSjku gj lky yxHkx120 yk[k yksx jkst+xkj ikus ds fy;s ykbu esa tk [kM+s gq,Ablh ds lkFk laxfBr vkS|ksfxd {ks=k esa fiNys 10 lkyksa esafcuk lkekftd lqj{kk ds dke djus okys Bsdk deZpkfj;ksadk izfr'kr 19 ls c<+dj 32 izfr'kr gks x;kA blh ds lkFkHkxorh dk ;s rdZ Hkh Hkkjr esa dqN [+kkl dke dk ughagS fd vfèkd o`f¼ nj ls tks vk; ljdkj dks gksxh mldkbLrseky lkekftd lqj{kk vkfn esa yxk fn;k tk;sxk D;ksafdHkkjr esa VSDl&thMhih vuqikr nqfu;k esa lcls de gSckotwn blds fd Hkkjr dh fodkl nj 1990 ls vc rd6 ls 8 izfr'kr ds chp jgh gS vkSj Hkkjr ds vjcifr;ksadh nkSyr 1990 esa thMhih ds 4 izfr'kr ds vklikl lsc<+dj 2009 esa thMhih ds 23 izfr'kr ds vklikl igq¡px;h (;s vk¡dM+s fgeka'kq dqekj dh vkWuykbu if=kdk ykbofeaVesa Nis ys[k ls fy;s x;s gSa)A Hkxorh 'kk;n Hkwy jgs gSa fdftl xqtjkr VSEiysV (ujsUnz eksnh us Vhoh pSuy ^vktrd* dks gky gh esa ,d c;ku fn;k ftldk vk'k; ;gFkk fd xqtjkr esa Je foHkkx yxHkx [k+Re dj fn;k x;kgS D;ksafd Hkyk ekfyd [+kjkc ckW;yj vkSj [+kjkc lkekuviuh iQSDVªh esa D;ksa yxk;sxk!!) dh rst+ o`f¼ nj dh ckrdj jgs gSa og xqtjkr ekuo fodkl lwpdkad esa fiQLkM~MhgS vkSj ,u,l,lvks ds 2004&05 vkSj 2009&10 ds vk¡dM+ksads eqrkfcd jkst+xkj fodkl dh nj yxHkx 'kwU; gSA ;kuhvkfFkZd lqèkkjksa ls le`f¼ fVªdy MkÅu* gksdj uhps turkrd ugha igq¡p jgh cfYd mYVk uhps ls fupqM+dj mQij

lsBksa dh frtksjh esa pyh tk jgh gS! Hkxorh ds ^fVªdyMkmQu* ds fl¼kar ds fy;s ogh dgk tkuk pkfg;s tks'kk;n vFkZ'kkL=kh xkyczsFk us dgk Fkk fd gkFkh dks vkxs lsdqN Hkh f[kykvks] ihNs ls oks yhn gh fudkysxkA blfy;svc vxj nwljs pj.k ds lqèkkjksa dks rst+ fd;k x;k (tksfd fd;k Hkh tk;sxk D;ksafd iw¡thokn ds ikl vkSj dksbZfodYi Hkh rks ugha gS!) rks 'kk;n jkst+xkj&foghu rst+vkfFkZd fodkl nj rks gkfly gks tk;sxh ij vk; dhvlekurk mlls Hkh T+;knk rst+h ls c<+sxh] vuqRiknd iw¡thdk vkdkj vkSj c<+sxk] csjkst+xkjh c<+sxh] NksVs ekfyd+ksa dkoxZ tYnh rckg gksxk] iQ+kfty xzkeh.k vkcknh dk 'kgjksadh vksj izokl rhoz gksxk] vkSj et+nwj oxZ ds 'kks"k.k dhjÝrkj vkSj rst+ gks tk;sxhA la{ksi esa dgsa rks lekt dkoxhZ; èkzqohdj.k vkSj rh[kk o rst+ gksxk vkSj ogk¡ ls pht+sanks fn'kk esa vkxs tk;saxhA vxj ØkfUrdkjh 'kfDr;k¡ detksjjgha vkSj rckg gksrh turk dks mldh rckgh ds okLrfoddkj.kksa dks ugha le>k ldha rks iQklhoknh 'kfDr;k¡ turkdks xqejkg djds O;kid rckgh ds ekxZ ij ysdj tk;saxhAij vxj ØkfUrdkjh 'kfDr;k¡ iw¡thoknh ladVksa dk ykHk mBkldha vkSj ,d lektoknh fodYi turk dks ns ldha rkspht+sa lektoknh jkLrs ij vkxs c<saxhA ;kuh FkksM+s esa dgsarks Hkxorh dh lykg ij vey Hkkjr esa iQklhokn dks rst+hls et+cwr dj ldrk gS ij djsxk ;k ugha ;g bl ckrij fuHkZj djrk gS fd rc rd ns'k esa ,d ØkfUrdkjhfodYi [kM+k gks ikrk gS ;k ughaA ij vxj Hkxorh dhlykg ij vey uk djds ;fn ge veR;Z lsu dh lykgij vey djsa rks D;k ge bl foHkhf"kdk ls cp ik;sxsa\rks vkb;s vc veR;Z lsu D;k dguk pkgrs gSa bls Hkhle> fy;k tk;sA

veR;Z lsu dk dguk gS fd igyh izkFkfedrklkekftd fodkl ;k ^,fDVo fjfMLVªhC;w'ku* gksuk pkfg;svkSj ljdkj dks f'k{kk] LokLF;] x+jhch mUewyu vkfn dk;ZØeksadks gkFk esa ysuk pkfg;sA os fodkl nj ds mQij lkekftdfodkl dks izkFkfedrk nsrs ut+j vkrs gSaA igyh ckr ;ggS fd 1930 ds n'kd dh eUnh ls fuiVus ds fy;s dhUlus lektokn dh dqN phtsa mèkkj ysdj iw¡thifr oxZ dksifCyd lsDVj [kM+k djus dh lykg nh D;ksafd ,slk djdsyxkrkj fxjrh izHkkoh ek¡x dks rc c<+k;k tk ldrk FkkAml nkSj esa ØkfUr dh ygj izfrØkafr dh ygj ij gkoh Fkhblfy;s iw¡thifr oxZ us ,slk fd;k Hkh fd lkekftd enksaesa ljdkjh [+kpZ dks c<+k;k ij 1970 ds rsy ladV ds lkFkgh czsVu oqM~l iz.kkyh Hkax gksus ds ckn lkjh nqfu;k esaîfCyd lsDVj* ds dhUlh;kbZ uqL[ks us dke djuk cUn djfn;kA îfCyd lsDVj* dh ekStwnxh futh iw¡th dk xykyxkrkj nck jgh Fkh o iw¡thokn ds fy;s bl îfCYdlsDVj* dk [k+pkZ mBk ikuk lEHko ugha jg x;k Fkk D;ksafdblls iw¡thoknh ljdkjksa dk ctV ?kkVk yxkrkj rst+h ls c<+jgk FkkA blfy;s reke ljdkjksa us îfCyd lsDVj* dks


pj.kc¼ #i ls [+kRe djuk 'kq: dj fn;kA ij ljdkjh[+kpZ de gksus ds dkj.k vc t+:jh gks x;k Fkk fd futh[k+pZ dks c<+k;k tk;sA blds fy;s cM+s iSekus ij vuqRikndiw¡th dks Í.k ds :i esa nsdj gkmflax lsDVj vkfn esaizHkkoh ek¡x dks c<+kus dh dksf'k'k dh x;h ftldk vUr2005 ds lcizkbe ladV esa gqvk ftldk vlj vc rdcuk gqvk gSA ftl ckr dks veR;Z lsu o dbZ vU; cqtZqvkvFkZ'kkL=kh o ¶okeiaFkh¸ fpard ugha le>rs og ;g gS fdîfCyd lsDVj* iw¡thokn (lsu ds ,fDVo fjfMLVªhC;w'ku dkpje :i) mnkjoknh cqtZqvk oxZ ds n'kZu dk ek=k ,d{k.k Fkk vkSj og {k.k vc chr pqdk gS vkSj vc ek=kmldh bPNk djus ;k mlds fy;s jksus&dyius ls og {k.kvc okil ugha vk;sxkA iw¡thokn Hkwe.Myhdj.k ds bl nkSjesa vc dY;k.kdkjh jkT; ds uke ij lkekftd lqj{kk dhenksa esa O;kid ljdkjh [kpksZ dks ugha c<+k ldrkA ijvkt Hkh oke nk;jksa ds vUnj vkSj ckgj dke djus okysdbZ ,sls cqf¼thoh fey tkrs gSa tks usg# ds ml îfCYdlsDVj lektokn* ds ^Lo.kZ ;qx* dks (tc jktuhfr esa HkhcM+h ^'kqfprk* gqvk djrh Fkh!) vJqiwfjr u;uksa ls usg:ds lektokn* dks ;kn djrs gSa! jkgqy lkad`R;k;u us Bhdgh dgk Fkk fdµ^rs gh uks fnolks xrk* (gk;! gekjs oksiqjkus fnu dgka x;s\!) cM+h cqjh chekjh gS] blls cpukpkfg;sA

nwljh ckr ;g gS fd lsu us vdky o x+jhch ijdkiQh vè;;u fd;k gSA bl vè;;uksa ls os vfUre urhtkfudkyrs gSa fd ;g t+:jh ugha fd Hkkstu dh i;kZIr ek=kklekt esa miyCèk gksus ds ckotwn x+jhcksa dks Hkkstu feygh tk;sxk D;ksafd tek[kksjh] e¡gxkbZ vkfn ds dkj.k gksldrk gS fd x+jhc vkcknh Hkkstu [k+jhn gh uk lds!blfy;s os ljdkj ls ek¡x djrs gSa fd ljdkjsa (miHkksDrklkexzh ds) forj.k ds {ks=k esa gLr{ksi djsaA vc bl ckresa u;k D;k gS!\ ;g Hkh dhUl dh gh fdLe dk ,d iz;klgS iw¡thokn dks ^lqèkkjus* dkA ;kuh fd lsu ds vuqlkjiw¡thokn esa lkjh leL;k forj.k ds {ks=k esa gS uk fdmRiknu ds {ks=k esa! blfy;s os forj.k ra=k dks Bhd djusij t+ksj nsrs gSa ftldk urhtk muds ,fDVo fjfMLVªhC;w'ku*ds :i esa lkeus vkrk gSA vc t+kfgj lh ckr gS fd tksO;fDr forj.k rU=k ij t+ksj nsxk vkSj ;g ckr ugha le>sxkfd iw¡thokn esa eq[; leL;k forj.k ds {ks=k esa ugha cfYdblds myV mRiknu ds {ks=k esa gS] og O;fDr forj.k dksgh lqèkkjus ij t+ksj nsxkA bl izdkj lsu ds fy;s iw¡thokni;kZIr :i ls lguh; gks tkrk gS vkSj os izdkjkarj ls ,d^lUr iw¡thokn* ds leFkZd cu tkrs gSaA lsu ,d [k+jkcforj.k ra=k okyk ^Øksuh dSfiVfyT+e* ugha pkgrs] os lqèkjsforj.k ra=k okyk ^lkark DykWt dSfiVfyT+e* pkgrs gSaAlalnh; okeiafFk;ksa ls ysdj mnkjoknh cqtZqvk oxZ dh fopkjèkkjkls izHkkfor dbZ yksx Hkh blh izdkj ds ^lkark DykWtdSfiVfyT+e* ds eqjhn gSaA ;s lHkh yksx ml ckr dks ugha

le>rs (vkSj buesa lalnh; okeiaFkh* ;kuh lhihvkbZ] lhih,e]vkSj Hkkdik&ekys fycjs'ku lc dqN le> dj Hkh ukle>cuus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSa!) ftls ekDlZ us foLrkj lsîw¡th* esa le>k;k gSA ekDlZ ds vuqlkj fdlh Hkh lektesa mRikn (miHkksDrk lkexzh) ds forj.k dk Lo:i LokfeRods :iksa ls r; gksrk gS ;kuh fd bl iz'u ls r; gksrk gSfd mRiknu ds lkèkuksa dk ekfyd dkSu lk oxZ gS vkSj ogoxZ mu mRiknu ds lkèkuksa dk dSlk bLrseky dj jgk gSAekDlZ ds vuqlkj iw¡thokn dk eq[; vUrjfojksèk mRiknuds {ks=k esa gksrk gS tgk¡ iw¡thifr oxZ mRiknu ds lkèkuksa ijdCt+k djds et+nwj dh esgur dks ywVdj ek=k equkiQ+s dsfy;s eky&mRiknu djrk gS blfy;s miHkksDrk lkexzh dkforj.k rHkh Bhd gks ldrk gS tc igys mRiknu dslkèkuksa dk forj.k Bhd fd;k tk;sA ;kuh fd cqtZqvk jkT;lRrkdks cykRk~ èoLr djds mRiknu ds lkèkuksa ds futh ekfydkusdks [+kRe djds mudk lekthdj.k fd;k tk;sA ekDlZmRiknu ds {ks=k ij è;ku yxkdj ogk¡ ekStwn iw¡thokn dseq[; vUrjfojksèkksa dks fn[kykrs gSa vkSj crkrs gSa fd D;ksabu vUrjfojksèkksa dk gy ek=k lektokn esa gh lEHko gSvkSj rHkh tkdj forj.k lerkiw.kZ gks ik;sxkA fdlh HkhfdLe dk lqèkkj iw¡thoknh mRiknu i¼fr dks lqèkkj ughaldrkA iw¡thokn esa et+nwj viuh Je'kfDr cspus dks etcwjgksrk gS o mRiknu equki+Qs ds fy;s gksrk gS blfy;s tkucw>djxksnkeksa esa yk[kksa dqUry vukt lM+k fn;k tkrk gS ij mlsHkw[k ls ejrs et+nwjksa&esgurd'kksa dks ugha fn;k tkrkA ijlektokn esa D;ksafd et+nwj oxZ gh mRiknu ds lkèkuksa dkfu;a=k.k djrk gS blfy;s mRikn (miHkksDrk lkexzh) dkforj.k csgrj <ax ls et+nwj ds i{k esa gksrk gSA blfy;sfdlh Hkh izdkj ds ^lqèkkj* ;k [email protected] (;kuhveR;Z lsu ds ,fDVo fjfMLVªhC;w'ku ;k lkekftd lqj{kk)ds iz'u dks mRiknu ds lkèkuksa ds ekfydkus ds iz'u lsdkVdj ns[kuk x+yr gSA ,slk djus ls vki veR;Z lsu ;kvjfoan dstjhoky ,.M dEiuh ds VkbZi ds ^lkark DykWtdSfiVfyT+e* ds leFkZd gks tk;saxsA fcuk mRiknu ds lkèkuksads ekfydkus ds iz'u dks mBk;s] dsoy forj.k dh ckrdjuk ,d fdLe dk ^forj.k fu;rRookn* gSA blh izdkjds nf{k.kiaFkh HkVdko et+nwj vkanksyu esa Hkh le;≤ij lj mBkrs jgrs gSaA vc ls yxHkx 130 lky igysyklky us teZu et+nwj vkanksyu esa ,slh gh ckrsa dgh FkhatSlh veR;Z lsu dg jgs gSa] gk¡] ifjizs{; vyx FkkAyklky us dgk Fkk fd et+nwjksa dh x+jhch feV tk;sxh ;fn^lerki w.k Z forj.k* gk s! Hkkjrh; yklky izdk'kdjkr&cèkZu&;spqjh dh tekr tks dqN dgrh vkSj djrhgS mldk oxZlkj Hkh ;gh gSA loZgkjk oxZ ds cykr~ lRrkdCt+k dj mRiknu ds lkèkuksa ds futh ekfydkus dks [+kRedj Mkyus ls igys gh ;fn dksbZ ;s Hkze ikys fd mRiknuds lkèkuksa ds futh ekfydkus dks cjd+jkj j[kdj ek=kforj.k i{k dks lqèkkj nsus ls x+jhch vkfn [+kRe gks tk;saxs


rks ;g iw¡thokn dh ?k`f.kr pkVqdkfjrk ls T+;knk dqN ughagSA mRiknu ds lkèkuksa ds ekfydkus ds iz'u dks mBk;s fcukVqdM+ksa&VqdM+ksa esa dsoy x+jhch] f'k{kk] LokLF;] vkokl vkfndh ckrsa djus dk dksbZ eryc ugha gS vkSj veR;Z lsu ;ghdjrs gSaA bls le>us ds fy;s ekbdy gSfjaxVu dh fdrkc^n vnj vesfjdk*] gkje.MLoFkZ] 1963 vkSj czk;u ,scyrFkk ihVj VkmQulsaM dh fdrkc n iqvj ,.M n iqvjsLV*]yanu] 1963 ns[kh tk ldrh gS ftlesa ys[kd us crk;k gSfd ^dY;k.kdkjh jkT;* ds vfLrRo esa vkus ds 20 lkyckn Hkh* fczfV'k vkcknh dk 14 izfr'kr (70 yk[k!) x+jhchj s [ k k d su hp s ; kikl esa jgjg k F k k Ae kDl Z u sblh ckrd k sriQlhy lsîw ¡th* es ale>k;k gSfd bleqi + Q fylhvkSj x+jhchdh tM +mtjrh Jedh iw¡thoknhO;oLFkk dsv U n jekStwn gS ftlesa mRiknu ds lkèkuksa ij dCt+k djds iw¡thifret+nwj dh esgur dks ywVdj viuh frtksjh Hkjrk pyktkrk gS blfy;s tc rd mRiknu ds lkèkuksa ds futhLokfeRo dks [k+Re djds mudk lekthdj.k ugha fd;ktk;sxk rc rd fdlh Hkh fdLe dk ^lqèkkj* djds x+jhchnwj dh gh ugha tk ldrhA

rhljh ckr ;g gS fd bu ^vkfFkZd lqèkkjksa* ls eksVsrkSj ij veR;Z lsu Lo;a lger gSa] cl os pkgrs gSa fdfuth iw¡th ds vkxs dqN LihMczsdj yxkdj j[ks tk;saAHkwe.Myhdj.k] mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k ds bu ^vkfFkZdlqèkkjksa dk dksbZ ØkfUrdkjh fodYi veR;Z lsu ds ikl Hkhugha gSaA tgk¡ Hkxorh tYnh ls bu ^lqèkkjksa* dks ykxw djukpkgrs gSa rks ogha veR;Z lsu èkhjs&èkhjs o FkksM+h cgqrlkekftd lqj{kk ds lkFkA veR;Z lsu dh vofLFkfr oghgS tks eueksgu flag ds vfrfiz; ljdkjh yky rksrksa ;kuhfd lhihvkbZ vkSj lhih,e dh gS tks eueksguh&Nki ykyfepZ[kkdj lalnh; fiatMs+ esa vk¡xu dh eqxhZ dh rjg iQqndrsjgrs gSaA reke vdknfed êkDZloknh* fpUrd Hkh ;ghpkgrs gSa fd futh iw¡th dks [kqyh NwV uk feys ojukiQklhokn dk [k+rjk rsth ls iSnk gks ldrk gSA Hkxorh vkSj

veR;Z lsu esa cl ;gh vUrj gS! ij rc D;k ,sls esa gesalsu ds ^,fDVo fjfMLVªhC;w'ku* ;k lkekftd lqj{kk vkfndh ckrksa dks ek=k lLrk yksdjatdrkokn dg dj ØkfUrdkjhifjizs{; ls ,dne [+kkfjt dj nsuk pkfg;s\ fcydqy ugha!gk¡] ;s t+:j gS fd bl ckr dks ge vius rjhds ls dgsaxsAge ^,fDVo fjfMLVªhC;w'ku* dh ugha turk ds tuoknhvfèkdkjksa dh ckr djsaxsA gekjs er esa ØkfUrdkjh 'kfDr;ksadks turk ds leLr tuoknh vfèkdkjksa dh ek¡xksa dks oxZla?k"kZ ds >.Ms ds uhps j[kdj yxkrkj mBkuk pkfg;sA blelys ij gekjk ut+fj;k ogh gksuk pkfg;s tks ysfuu dk

FkkA ;gha ijt u o k n hv f è k d k jl a x B u k s ai h ; w M hv k jv k S jih;wlh,y dslkfFk;k s a dslkFk gqbZ cgldks ;kn djy s u k H k ht +:j h g Sf t l e s aih;wMhvkj dslkfFk;ks a dker Fkk fdge s a e k = ku k x f j d

LorU=krk dh ugha cfYd turk ds reke tuoknh vfèkdkjksadh ckr djuh pkfg;sA ysfuu bl fo"k; ij cgqr Li"V FksAos dgrs gSa fd ¶tks loZgkjk tuokn ds la?k"kZ esa f'kf{krugha gSa] og vkfFkZd ØkfUr djus esa Hkh vleFkZ gSA¸ vktHkwe.Myhdj.k ds nkSj esa gj txg cqtZqvk tuokn dknk;jk fldqM+rk pyk tk jgk gSA dke ds 8 ?k.Vs] jkst+xkjdk vfèkdkj vkfn dk dksbZ eryc ugha jg x;k gSAljdkjsa yxkrkj lkoZtfud enksa tSls f'k{kk] LokLF; vkfnesa [+kpZ dks ?kVk jgh gSaA Hkkstu] vkokl] f'k{kk] LokLF;]leku f'k{kk] dke ds ?kaVs 8 djus dh ek¡xsa cqtZqvk nk;jsds Hkhrj dh tuoknh ek¡xsa gh gSa o d+kxt esa rks cqtZqvk oxZHkh bu tuoknh ek¡xksa dks ekurk gSA bu ek¡xksa dks tSls ghet+nwj mBkrk gS oSls gh ijs'kkugky fuEu&eè;oxZ o x+jhcfdlku mlds lkFk vkus yxrs gSa vkSj ,d O;kid tukUnksyuiSnk gksus yxrk gS vkSj tSls&tSls ;s tukUnksyu vkxs c<+rkgS oSls&oSls cqtZqvk tuokn dh lhek,¡ turk dks ut+j vkusyxrh gSaA lkFk gh turk dh psruk dk ØkfUrdkjhdj.kgksus yxrk gS o turk reke fdLe ds èkkfeZd dV~Vjiu]vUèkjk"Vªoknh dqizpkj] ladh.kZ bykdkbZ ekufldrk vkfndh cqjkbZ ls eqDr gksdj iQklhokn dh vlfy;r dks


igpkuus&le>us yxrh gSA blfy;s vkt dh rkjh[+k esa;g cgqr t+:jh gS fd ØkfUrdkjh dE;qfuLV rkd+rsa turkdks mlds bu tuoknh vfèkdkjksa ds fy;s yM+uk fl[kk;saA;g blfy;s Hkh c sgn t+:jh g S D;k s a fd db Zv¼Z&vjktdrkoknh ØkfUrdkjh èkkjk,¡ ,slh Hkh gSa tkscqtZqvk tuokn ds nk;js ds ØkfUrdkjh bLrseky dks ghvius vki esa ,d fdLe dk nf{k.kiaFkh fopyu ekurhgSaA turk ds tuoknh vfèkdkjksa dh ckr djuk viusvki esa nf{k.kiaFkh fopyu ugha gksrk gS ;fn blds lkFkgh cqtZqvk jkT;lRrk dks cykr~ èoLr djds mRiknu dslkèkuksa ds futh LokfeRo ds mUewyu ds iz'u ij mlizdkj dh voljoknh dk;jkuk pqIih uk lkèk yh tk;sftl izdkj dh pqIih reke ^lalnh; okeiaFkh* lkèk ysrsgSaA ij ;fn dksbZ ØkfUrdkjh 'kfDr mRiknu ds lkèkuksa dsLokfeRo ds iz'u dks xksy djds ek=k tuoknh vfèkdkj;k lkekftd lqj{kk ;k ^,fDVo fjfMLVªhC;w'ku* ;k^dY;k.kdkjh jkT;* vkfn dh gh ckrsa djrh gS rks rcog yklky dh rjg gh ,d nf{k.kiaFkh fopyu esarCnhy gks tkrk gSA

bl iwjh cgl dk lkj&ladyu djds dqN ;w¡ Hkhfd;k tk ldrk gS fd rst+ vkfFkZd fodkl nj ds nhokustxnh'kpUnz Hkxorh xqLls esa vkdj veR;Z lsu ls iwNrsgSa fd ¶esjs ikl xkM+h gS] iSlk gS] caxyk gS! rqEgkjs iklD;k gS\! gka;!¸ vkSj xynJq lsu Hkkofoày gksdj iLrvkokt+ esa tokc nsrs gSa fd ¶esjs ikl ,fDVo fjfMLVªhC;w'ku*dh [kS+jkr gS!¸ vkSj Hkb;k] jke dle! lsu ckcw dk ;sMk;ykWx lqudj rks flusek gkWy esa xnj gh ep tkrk gS!reke fdLe ds djkr&cèkZu&;spqjh&T;ksfrclq tSlsla'kksèkuoknh mpDds Hkkoksnzsd esa vkdj flusek gkWy esat+cnZLr djry èofu ds lkFk lhfV;k¡ ctk&ctkdj] Vksfi;k¡mNky&mNky dj vkleku ,dne lj ij gh mBk ysrsgSa! vkSj blesa mudk lkFk mnkjoknh cqtZqvk oxZ dhfopkjèkkjk ls izHkkfor Hknz vkSj dqyhu yksx Hkh nsrs gSa(gkyk¡fd Hknz vkSj dqyhu yksx lhVh ugha ctkrs!) ijlkFk gh lkFk os chp&chp esa #d&#ddj viuh Vksihdks Hkh ns[krs jgrs gSa fd dgha mUgksus x+yrh ls yky jaxdh ekDZloknh Vksih rks ugha igu yh gS! dSlk fogaxeHkkoizo.k n`'; iSnk gks tkrk gS! lp esa!

la{ksi esa dgsa rks] Hkxorh vkSj veR;Z lsu esa cl;gh vUrj gS! Hkxorh ds ^fVªdy Mkmu* cuke lsu ds^,fDVo fjfMLVªhC;w'ku* dh bl cgl ds lUnHkZ esa ;g Hkhdgk tk ldrk gS fd Hkxorh ds jkLrs ls iQklhokn dsrs+th ls mBku dh lEHkkouk iSnk gks ldrh ij veR;Zlsu ds crk;s jkLrs ls iQklhokn lEHkor% rst+h ls mBdjlRrk rd u igq¡ps ij rc Hkh lekt esa ;s uklwj ds :iesa yxkrkj cuk jgsxk vkSj fjlrk jgsxkA blfy;s Hkxorhdh iQklhokn ls fudVrk cSBrh gS vkSj veR;Z lsu dhmnkj cqtZqvk oxZ ls vkSj nksuksa ds ikl gh iw¡thokn dks

dksbZ ØkfUrdkjh fodYi ugha gSA bt+kjsnkjh ds nkSj ds iw¡thoknus iQklhokn dks teZuh vkSj bVyh tSls rqyukRed :i lsfiNM+s iw¡thoknh lektksa esa tUe fn;k ;kuh fd iw¡thokn vkSjiQklhokn esa cki vkSj csVs dk fj'rk gSA iQklhokn vkokjk ckidk cnek'k csVk gS! iw¡thokn iQklhokn dks iSnk djrk gS ukfd mYVk! blfy;s iQklhokn dks dsoy ogh lkekftd 'kfDrijkLr dj ldrh gS tks fd iwjs lekt esa ØkfUrdkjh oxZla?k"kZ pykrs gq;s Lo;a iw¡thokn dk fodYi nsA mnkjrkoknhcqtZqvk oxZ ds efj;y cqtZqvk ekuorkokn dh iksyh] nynyhnk'kZfud t+ehu ij [kM+s gksdj lwi+Qh lUrksa vkSj dchj&ukuddh ykBh Vsddj iQklhokn ds 'kfDr'kkyh nSR; dk eqd+kcykugha fd;k tk ldrk ij vDlj gksrk ;gh gS vkSj rekexksf"B;ksa] lsfeukjksa] vkSj ppkZvksa esa iQklhokn ds f[kykiQ gksusokyk reke ckSf¼d foe'kZ ekuorkoknh vkgksa&djkgksa ds?kVkVksi esa Mwc tkrk gSA bl ckr dks <ax ls le>uk blfy;sHkh t+:jh gS D;ksafd oke nk;js ds Hkhrj vkSj ckgj dbZ ,slsyksx gSa tks ;k rks iQklhokn ds [+krjs dks gYds esa ysrs gSa ;kfiQj ,dne nwljs Nksj ij tkdj viuh oSpkfjd ykBh iQklhoknij cjlkrs jgrs gSa vkSj tkus&vutkus iw¡thokn dks c['k nsrsgSa tcfd vlyh iz'u gh iw¡thokn dk fodYi nsus dk gS!buesa Hkh cgqrsjs ,sls gSa tks turk ds chp esa dksbZlkekftd&jktuhfrd dkjZokbZ djds mls laxfBr gh ughadjrs gSa vkSj ek=k dqN izrhdkRed fojksèk izn'kZu dh dqNjLesa fuHkkdj vkSj lks'ky ehfM;k lkbV~l ij dqN ys[koxSjg fy[kdj vius drZO; dh bfrJh dj ysrs gSaA ,slkvDlj lalnh; okeiafFk;ksa* ls ysdj mnkjrkoknh cqtZqvk oxZdh fopkjèkkjk ls izHkkfor yksx djrs gSa tks lsu dh gh rjg,d [k+jkc forj.k ra=k okys ^Øksuh dSihVfyT+e* dh ctk;,d lqèkjs forj.k rU=k okys ^lkark DykWt dSfiVfyT+e* dseqjhn gksrs gSa! buesa Hkh tgk¡ rd ^lalnh; okeiafFk;ksa* dkloky gS rks mudh uk rks iQklhokn ds f[kykiQ yM+us dhbPNk gS vkSj uk gh vkSd+krA xqtjkr esa xksèkjk ds naxksa dsle; lhVw dh VªsM ;wfu;u lcls cM+h ;fwu;u FkhA la?k ifjokjds yksx tc ogk¡ csxq+ukg eqfLye ukxfjdksa dk ujlagkj djjgs Fks rc lalnh; okeiaFkh vkSj lhVw ds yksx lM+dksa ijikxy naxkb;ksa dh HkhM+ dk MVdj eqd+kcyk djrs gq;s mUgsaeq¡grksM+ tokc nsus dh ctk; eksecfRr;k¡ tykus tSls uiqaldizfrjksèk dj jgs Fks! naxksa ds ckn la?k ifjokj dh ch,e,llcls cM+h ;wfu;u cu pqdh gS vkSj lhVw dk izHkko ?kV pqdkgS! blfy;s iQklhokn dk lgh rjhds ls eqd+kcyk dsoy ,d,slh lektoknh ifj;kstuk ds rgr gh gks ldrk gS tksiw¡thokn dk fodYi ns vkSj veR;Z lsu ds ikl ;s fodYiugha gS vkSj ,slk fodYi os nsuk Hkh ugha pkgrs D;ksafdveR;Z lsu mnkj cqtZqvkt+h ds izfrfufèk gSaA 1907 esa ysfuuus dgk Fkk fd ¶et+nwj oxZ dks vius jkLrs ij pyus dkvfèkdkj gS vkSj ;g mldk drZO; Hkh gSA mnkjrkoknh cqtZqvkoxZ ds ihNs rks D;k] mlds lkFk&lkFk Hkh et+nwj oxZ dks ughapyuk gS!¸


chp cgl esa

ek#fr lqtqdh et+nwjvkUnksyu fdl vksj\

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i`"BHkwfevxj 7&8 uoEcj dks xqM+xk¡o&ekuslj esa ek#fr lqtqdh

odZlZ ;wfu;u ds usr`Ro esa gq, nks&fnolh; èkjus dks ek#frlqtqdh et+nwj vkUnksyu dh u;h 'kq#vkr ekuk tk;] rks blvkUnksyu dks 'kq# gq, vc djhc 8 ekg chr pqds gSaA bu8 eghuksa esa ;g vkUnksyu reke mrkj&p<+ko ls xqt+jk gSAfiNys o"kZ 18 tqykbZ dks ek#fr lqtqdh ds ekuslj la;a=k esagqbZ fgalk vkSj vkxtuh dh nqHkkZX;iw.kZ ?kVuk ds ckn gfj;k.kkljdkj vkSj ek#fr lqtqdh izcUèku us fcuk fdlh mfpr tk¡pds et+nwjksa dks fu'kkuk cukuk 'kq: fd;kA dqN gh fnuksa esaiqfyl dh èkjidM+ ds iQyLo:i djhc Ms<+ lkS et+nwjksa dksfxjÝrkj dj fy;k x;kA nt+Zuksa et+nwj vHkh Hkh vius vkidksiqfyl dh èkjidM+ ls cpkus ds fy, vU;=k fNis gq, FksAnjvly] dEiuh izcUèku dks ,d lqugjk ekSdk fey x;kFkkA 2011 esa tc ek#fr lqtqdh et+nwjksa ds la?k"kZ dk igyknkSj usr`Ro ds iru ds lkFk vliQy gqvk Fkk] rks dEiuhizcUèku dks ;g yxk Fkk fd vc et+nwjksa dk la?k"kZ nksckjk fljugha mBk;sxkA ysfdu tYn gh et+nwjksa us viuh vyx LorU=kVªsM ;wfu;u êk#fr lqtqdh odZlZ ;wfu;u* dk xBu fd;kvkSj fiQj ls la?k"kZ dh 'kq#vkr dhA izcUèku dh yxkrkj ;gdksf'k'k Fkh fd bl ;wfu;u dks fdlh rjg ls fc[kjk fn;ktk;A vkSj 18 tqykbZ dks gqbZ ?kVuk us mUgsa ;g volj fn;kfd og la?k"kZjr et+nwjksa dh ;wfu;u dks fu'kkuk cuk;sA 18tqykbZ ds ckn ls et+nwjksa dks i{k ;g ek¡x dj jgk Fkk fd18 tqykbZ dh ?kVuk dh mPp Lrjh; tk¡p djk;h tk;Aysfdu dEiuh vkSj gfj;k.kk ljdkj bls ekuus dks rS;kj ughagSaA lki+Q gS fd mUgsa Hk; gS fd muds lkft+'kkuk bjkns yksxksads lkeus u vk tk;saA

18 tqykbZ dh ?kVuk ds ckn gfj;k.kk iqfyl us ek#frlqtqdh et+nwjksa ds fy, ,d vkrad jkT; dk;e fd;kA dqNle; rd rks et+nwjksa dh csrgk'kk èkjidM+ pyrh jghAfxjÝ+rkj et+nwjksa dks iqfyl fgjklr esa ekjus&ihVus vkSjvkrafdr djus dk dke cnLrwj tkjh FkkA ysfdu bu lc dsckotwn ek#fr lqtqdh odZlZ ;wfu;u us uoEcj esa vius

la?k"kZ dks fiQj ls 'kq: fd;kA 7&8 uoEcj dk nks&fnolh;èkjuk bl ckr dk ,yku Fkk fd et+nwj jkT; neu vkSjdEiuh izcUèku ds mRihM+u ds f[+kyki+Q >qdus okys ugha gSaAblds ckn ls la?k"kZ dh ,d iwjh izfØ;k 'kq: gqbZ tks vHkhgky rd tkjh jgh gSA 7&8 uoEcj ds izn'kZu ds ckn lsek#fr lqtqdh odZlZ ;wfu;u us iQjhnkckn] xqM+xk¡o] jksgrd]dSFky vkSj thUn rd esa dbZ ckj ,d&fnuh izn'kZu fd;s]Je eU=kh vkSj m|ksx eU=kh ls ysdj eqq[;eU=kh rd dks viusKkiu vkSj ek¡xi=kd lkSaisA bl la?k"kZ dk dsUnz vHkhxqM+xk¡o&ekuslj cuk gqvk FkkA ;gk¡ ij dqN dsUnzh; VªsM;wfu;uksa dh 16&lnL;h; lfefr] ftlesa fd ,Vd] lhVw],p,e,l vkfn tSlh ;wfu;usa 'kkfey Fkha] vHkh eksVs rkSj ijbl la?k"kZ dk vizR;{k lapkyu dj jgh FkhA ek#fr lqtqdhodZlZ ;wfu;u (,e-,l-MCY;w-;w-) bu dsUnzh; VªsM ;wfu;ula?kksa ds lkFk rkyesy fcBkdj ;kstuk cuk jgh FkhA ,deghus ds vUnj gh et+nwjksa ds lkeus ;g lki+Q gksus yxk Fkkfd ,d&,d fnu ds izn'kZu djds vkSj vyx&vyx efU=k;ksa;k Mh-lh- dks Kkiu lkSairs jgus ls mudh ek¡xksa dh dksbZlquokbZ ugha gksus okyh gSA et+nwjksa ds chp ;g jk; cuus yxhFkh fd tc rd fdlh ,d txg vfuf'prdkyhu èkjus vkSjHkw[k gM+rky dh 'kq#vkr ugha gksrh rc rd la?k"kZ ds vkxstkus dh xqatkb'k ugha gSA vkUnksyu esa lfØ; ,d laxBu^fcxqy et+nwj nLrk* dh vksj ls ;wfu;u usr`Ro dks fyf[krrkSj ij ,d lq>ko i=k fn;k x;kA blesa fn;s x;s lq>koksa esarhu izeq[k ckrsa FkhaA igyh ckr ;g Fkh fd la?k"kZ ds LFkkuesa ifjorZu djuk gksxk_ ek#fr lqtqdh dk eqn~nk dksbZ gfj;k.kkdk LFkkuh; eqn~nk ugha gS vkSj gesa bls LFkkuh; eqn~nk cukukHkh ugha pkfg,A bl elys ij gfj;k.kk jkT; ljdkj vyxls pkgs Hkh rks dksbZ fu.kZ; ugha ys ldrh vkSj bl fo"k; esalkjs fu.kZ; jk"Vªh; Lrj ij fy;s tkrs gSaA blfy, ;wfu;u dksu;h fnYyh esa la?k"kZ dks ys tkuk pkfg,A nwljh ckr ;g fdu;h fnYyh esa ,dfnuh izn'kZuksa ls dqN ugha gks ldrk_ ogk¡ij ek#fr lqtqdh et+nwjksa dks viuh onhZ esa vkSj viusifjokjksa ds lkFk vfuf'prdkyhu èkjus vkSj Hkw[k gM+rky ijcSBuk pkfg,A blls ek#fr et+nwjksa dks i{k ehfM;k esa vk;sxk


vkSj iwjs ns'k esa vke yksxksa ds chp tk;sxk] ftlesa iw¡thoknhehfM;k us ;g izpkj dj j[kk gS fd ek#fr lqtqdh ds et+nwjgh nks"kh gSa vkSj mUgksaus fgalk vkSj vkxtuh dh okjnkr dksvatke fn;k FkkA rhljh ckr ;g fd ;wfu;u ds Hkhrj 'kq:ls gh VªsM ;wfu;u tuokn ds mlwyksa dk ikyu fd;k tkukpkfg,_ blh ds t+fj;s lHkh fu.kZ;ksa esa vke ek#fr et+nwjksa dhHkkxhnkjh gks ldrh gS_ blh ds t+fj;s et+nwj fu.kZ; ysuklh[ksaxs vkSj mudk jktuhfrd izf'k{k.k gksxkA blfy, fu;fervUrjky ij la?k"kZ dh vkxs dh ;kstuk cukus ds fy, tujyckWMh ehfVaxsa cqyk;h tkuh pkfg,A

bu rhuksa lq>koksa ij vkUnksyu ds Hkhrj cgl&eqckfglkpykA ysfdu ;g izfØ;k LoLFk <ax ls ugha pyhA u rksdsUnzh; VªsM ;wfu;u la?k ;g pkgrs Fks fd ek#fr lqtqdh dkla?k"kZ jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh tk;s vkSj u gh dqN vU; laxBu ,slkpkgrs Fks] tks fd dE;qfuLV ØkfUrdkjh laxBu gksus dk nkokdjrs gSa ysfdu okLro esa vjktdrkoknh&la?kkfèkiR;oknhlaxBu gSaA ØkfUrdkjh ukStokuksa dk laxBu gksus dk nkokj[kus okys et+nwjksa dk bad+ykch laxBu gksus dk nkok j[kusokys ;s laxBu ;wfu;u usr`Ro ds chp bu lq>koksa ds fo#¼jk; cukus ds fy, yxkrkj lfØ; jgsA muds vUnj bl ckrdk Hk; dke dj jgk Fkk fd ;fn la?k"kZ dk LFkku u;h fnYyhesa LFkkukUrfjr gksrk gS rks muds fy, vkUnksyu esa T+;knk dqNdjus ds fy, ugha jg tk;sxk vkSj fnYyh esa ekStwn vU;et+nwj laxBuksa dk vkUnksyu esa izHkko foLrkfjr gksxkA urhtru]mUgksaus fnYyh tkus ds fu.kZ; dks jksdus ds fy, dqN fuf'prlaxBuksa ds ckjs esa dqRlkizpkj rd dk lgkjk fy;kA urhtru];wfu;u usr`Ro bl fu.kZ; ij ugha igq¡p ik;k vkSj Hkze dhfLFkfr esa cuk jgkA bu rFkkdfFkr ¶bad+ykch&ØkfUrdkjh¸laxBuksa ds fnYyh tkus ls Hk;kØkUr gksus dk ,d dkj.k ;gHkh Fkk fd tc ,e-,l-MCY;w-;w- us ,d ckj 9 fnlEcj dksfnYyh esa ,d fnu ds vkWVkseksckby et+nwj lEesyu dkvk;kstu fd;k Fkk rks mlesa bu laxBuksa dh ctk; fnYyh ,u-lh-vkj- esa lfØ; et+nwj laxBuksa ds et+nwj T+;knk cM+h la[;kesa ekStwn Fks vkSj mudk izHkko ux.; gks x;k FkkA rHkh mudh;g ykbu r; gks x;h Fkh fd ,e-,l-MCY;w-;w- dks la?k"kZ dsLFkku dks u;h fnYyh LFkkukUrfjr djus ls jksdk tk;A urhtru]vius ladh.kZ lkaxBfud fgrksa ds en~nsut+j bu laxBuksa ususr`Ro esa ,d lgh j.kuhfr vkSj vke j.kdkS'ky dks ysdjdHkh dksbZ lgh jk; gh ugha cuus nhA vc bl ckr dks ysdjLi"V rF; ekStwn gSa fd bu rFkkdfFkr ¶bad+ykch&ØkfUrdkjh¸laxBuksa us] tks fd okLro esa vjktdrkoknh&la?kkfèkiR;oknhvkSj voljoknh laxBu gSa] ek#fr et+nwjksa ds la?k"kZ dksgfj;k.kk&dsfUnzr cukus vkSj fnYyh vkus ls jksdus dk gjlEHkoiz;kl fd;k FkkA

ysfdu ,d vU; jk; tks fd ^fcxqy et+nwj nLrk*n+okjk lq>ko i=k esa nh x;h Fkh] ml ij vey djuk vc,e-,l-MCY;w-;w- usr`Ro ds le{k ,d ckè;rk FkhA og jk;

Fkh ,d txg [kw¡Vk xkM+dj cSBus dh jk;A ekpZ ds vUresa bl jk; ij vey gqvkA ysfdu vfuf'prdkyhu èkjusvkSj Hkw[k gM+rky ds fy, u;h fnYyh dh ctk; dSFky dkspquk x;k] tks fd m|ksx eU=kh j.knhi lqjtsokyk fuokZpu {ks=kgSA bl ekSds ij ^fcxqy et+nwj nLrk* dh vksj ls ;g ckr;wfu;u usr`Ro dks lEizsf"kr dh x;h Fkh fd dSFky esa ;gèkjuk liQy gks ik;sxk] bldh mEehn de gSA tc rd fdlhnwj&njkt+ ds IykWV ;k [k+kyh t+ehu ij èkjuk tkjh jgsxk] rcrd gfj;k.kk iz'kklu ml ij T+;knk è;ku Hkh ugha nsxk]D;ksafd blls dksbZ [k+kl ncko ugha cuus okyk gSA vkSj tSlsgh et+nwj fdlh vkUnksyukRed dkjZokbZ] tSls fd tqywl ;k?ksjko ds fy, vkxs c<+saxs oSls gh gfj;k.kk ljdkj ml ijccZj neu djsxhA gfj;k.kk esa et+nwjksa ;k vke esgurd'kvkcknh dk dksbZ Hkh vkUnksyu reke neu >sydj rHkhliQy gks ldrk gS] tc mlds ikl yM+us dks izfrc¼10&12 gt+kj yksxksa dks lM+dksa ij mrkjus dh rkd+r gksAvxj dSFky esa gfj;k.kk ljdkj vkUnksyu dk neu djrh gSvkSj de rkd+r ds pyrs vkUnksyu esa fc[kjko vkrk gS] rksblds nksckjk iqulZaxfBr gksus dh dksbZ lEHkkouk ugha gSA 19ebZ dks ogh gqvkA 19 ebZ dks tc et+nwj 56 fnuksa ds èkjusds ckn Hkh dqN ugha gkfly dj lds rks fiQj lqjtsokyk dsfuokl LFkku dh vksj ,d jSyh dk vkàku fd;k x;kA mldsigys gh gfj;k.kk iqfyl us jkr ds le; èkjuk LFky ij èkkokcksydj 90 ls T+;knk et+nwjksa dks fxjÝ+rkj dj fy;kA fiQj HkhdqN [kki iapk;rksa vkSj muds usrkvksa ds leFkZu ls 19 ebZdks et+nwjksa dk ,d lewg lqjtsokyk ds fuokl dh vksj c<+kAfuokl ls dqN igys gh mUgsa jksd fy;k x;kA bl le;;wfu;u usr`Ro us iwjs vkUnksyu ds usr`Ro dks ,d [kki usrklqjs'k dkSFk ds gkFkksa esa lkSai fn;k Fkk (;wfu;u }kjk usr`Rofdlh vU; rkd+r ds gkFkksa esa lkSai nsus vkSj fiQj mldh iw¡NidM+dj pyus dh izo'fRr ij ge vkxs vk;saxs)A lqjs'kdkSFk us vkàku fd;k fd lHkh yksx fxjÝ+rkjh nsaxsA ysfdumlls igys gh dgha ls iqfyl ij iFkjko gqvk vkSj mldsckn iqfyl dks ekSdk fey x;k fd og et+nwjksa ij ykBh pktZdjsA mlds ckn et+nwjksa vkSj muds ifjokj okyksa ij ccZjykBh pktZ gqvk vkSj dbZ yksxksa dks fxjÝrkj Hkh dj fy;kx;kA blesa ;wfu;u ds ,d izeq[k usrk Hkh 'kkfey FksA

Bgjko ls fc[kjko dh vksj%vjktdrkoknh&la?kkfèkiR;okn]voljokn vkSj O;ogkjokn ij vey dsifj.kke

blds ckn ls vkUnksyu esa Bgjko vkSj fc[kjko dhizfØ;k 'kq: gqbZA bls iqulZaxfBr djus dk vkf[k+jh iz;kl 18tqykbZ 2013 dks gqvk tc ekuslj la;a=k esa gqbZ fgalk dh?kVuk dks ,d o"kZ iwjk gks jgk FkkA blds fy, ;wfu;u usr`Ro


us ns'k Hkj esa ekuslj pyks* dk ukjk fn;kA mldk bjknk Fkkfd ek#fr lqtqdh ds et+nwj la?k"kZ dk vc rd dk lclscM+k tqVku fd;k tk;A ns'k dh reke ;wfu;uksa vkSj et+nwjlaxBuksa dks Hkh cqyk;k x;kA ;g ,yku fd;k x;k fd ml fnuekuslj la;a=k dh vksj ekpZ fd;k tk;sxk] vfuf'prdkyhuèkjus vkSj Hkw[k gM+rky dh 'kq#vkr dh tk;sxhA ysfduekuslj esa izn'kZu dh vkKk ugha feyhA fiQj xqM+xk¡o ds rkmQnsohyky ikdZ dk pquko fd;k x;k] tgk¡ ls tqywl fudkyusdh ;kstuk FkhA ysfdu xqM+xk¡o iz'kklu us bldh vkKk Hkhugha nhA iz'kklu us xqM+xk¡o ds fjgk;'kh bykds ds ,d ikdZyst+j oSyh esa izn'kZu dh btkt+r nh] tks fd pkjksa vksj ls'kkWfiax ekWyksa vkSj vikVZesaVksa ls f?kjk gqvk gSA ;wfu;u usr`Rous ,yku fd;k fd og ljdkjh fu"ksèkkKk dk mYya?ku djrsgq, jk"Vªh; jktekxZ ij tqywl fudkysxkA ,slh mEehn dh tkjgh Fkh fd Hkkjh la[;k esa ek#fr et+nwj vk;saxs] ns'k Hkj lset+nwj vk;saxs vkSj 5&6 gt+kj yksxksa dh HkhM+ ,d=k gksxhAysfdu tc 18 tqykbZ dks izn'kZu 'kq: gqvk rks irk pyk fdegt+ 60&70 ek#fr et+nwj vk;s gSa vkSj vU; laxBuksa ls ns'kHkj ls tks yksx leFkZu a vk;s gSa] mu lcdks feykdj dqydjhc 300 yksx gh bdV~Bk gq, gSaA

blds ckn lkjh iwoZ fuèkkZfjr ?kks"k.kkvksa ds ckotwnizn'kZu ikdZ esa gh jgk] ikdZ ls ckgj ugha x;kA vkSj ogk¡tks dqN gqvk og Hkh crk jgk Fkk fd vkUnksyu vc fc[kjkodh voLFkk esa igq¡p pqdk gS] u fliQZ la[;k cy ds ek;usesa cfYd jktuhfrd rkSj ijA

ogk¡ ij ek#fr lqtqdh ds fnoaxr ,pvkj eSustjvouh'k nso dh cM+h&cM+h rLohjksa ds lkFk mUgsa J¼katfyvfiZr dh x;h vkSj mudh ;kn esa et+nwjksa us dS.My ykbVfofty fudkyk! tks dke ml fnu ek#fr lqtqdh dk izcUèkudjus okyk Fkk] og dke yst+j oSyh ikdZ esa ,e-,l-MCY;w-;w- vkSj ¶bad+ykch&ØkfUrdkjh¸ laxBuksa dh vxqokbZ esa gksjgk Fkk! u rks vfuf'prdkyhu èkjuk vkSj Hkw[k gM+rky dh'kq#vkr gqbZ] u fu"ksèkkKk dk mYya?ku gqvk] vkSj u ghjk"Vªh; jktekxZ ij dksbZ tqywl fudykA ;g izn'kZu ek#frlqtqdh et+nwj vkUnksyu ds ßkl dks fn[kyk jgk FkkA bldsckotwn ;wfu;u usr`Ro us ml fnu ogk¡ tks ?kks"k.kk dh mllsirk py jgk Fkk fd vc usr`Ro lgh j.kuhfr vkSj j.kdkS'kydks viukus dh ckr rks nwj] mlds ckjs esa lgh rjhds ls lkspikus dh {kerk Hkh [kks pqdk gSA ,d dsUnzh; VªsM ;wfu;u ,DVwdks èkU;okn Kkiu fd;k x;k fd mUgksaus ,d yk[k #i;s dklg;ksx fn;kA blds ckn eap ls ;wfu;u ds usr`Ro esa ,ykufd;k x;k fd pkgs tks gks tk;s] vkUnksyu dks gfj;k.kk esagh j[kk tk;sxk vkSj os ekuslj esa izn'kZu dh vkKk ysus dsfy, lqizhe dksVZ rd tk;saxsA ;kuh] vc vkUnksyu dkizeq[k eqn~nk gh ;g cu x;k Fkk fd ekuslj esa izn'kZudh vkKk yh tk;!! vkSj bl iwjh jk; dks cukus esarFkkdfFkr ¶badykch&ØkfUrdkjh dkWejsMksa¸ dh izeq[k

Hkwfedk Fkh] D;ksafd mudh jktuhfr gh iqNYykokn dhgSA

lkFk gh] ;wfu;u usr`Ro ds Hkhrj Lo;a ,dO;ogkjoknh vkSj voljoknh izo`fRr ?kj dj pqdh gSvkSj ¶bad+ykch&ØkfUrdkjh dkejsMksa¸ us bl izo`fRrdks yxkrkj c<+kok nsus dk gh dke fd;k gSA dksbZ HkhØkfUrdkjh laxBu tc fdlh et+nwj la?k"kZ esa 'kkfey gksxk]rks mldh Hkwfedk la?k"kZ dk cgknqjh ds lkFk leFkZu djusvkSj mlesa 'kkfey gksus ds vykok] vkykspuk] ijke'kZ vkSjlq>ko nsus dh gksxhA og egt+ dksjl esa Loj ugha feyk;sxkAysfdu bu rFkkdfFkr ¶badykch&ØkfUrdkjh¸ laxBuksa us;wfu;u usr`Ro esa voljokn vkSj O;ogkjokn dh izo`fRr dksc<+kok fn;k vkSj ,d udyh et+nwjokn* dh chu ctkrs jgsAurhtru] ;g la?k"kZ dHkh mudh jktuhfr ds i{k esa Hkh ugha[kM+k gqvk! ,e-,l-MCY;w-;w- ds usrRo us le;≤ ij tksLor%LowrZ vofLFkfr viuk;h] ;s jktuhfrd ukSnkSyfr;s mldkt'u eukrs jgs! tc la?k"kZ dh eq[; t+ehu xqM+xk¡o&ekusljcuh gqbZ Fkh rc ;wfu;u usrRo dsUnzh; VªsM ;wfu;u la?kksa dhiw¡N idM+dj py jgk Fkk_ tc dsUnzh; VªsM ;wfu;uksa us la?k"kZdks vkxs tkus vkSj et+nwjksa dks vfuf'prdkyhu èkjus vkSjHkw[k gM+rky ls yxkrkj jksdk vkSj et+nwjksa ds chp blds izfrvlUrks"k c<+us yxk rks ;wfu;u usr`Ro esa dSFky esavfuf'prdkyhu èkjus dh 'kq#vkr dh_ ysfdu ;gk¡ ij Hkh;wfu;u us usr`Ro us viuh rkd+r vkSj foosd ij Hkjkslk djusdh ctk; [kki iapk;rksa dh 'kj.k yh] tks fd vius vkiesa,d vkRe?kkrh dne Fkk_ 19 ebZ ds ykBh pktZ ds ckn [kkiiapk;rsa la?k"kZ ds eap ls n`f"V&vks>y gks x;ha_ rks fiQj;wfu;u usrRo ?kwe&fiQj dj dsUnzh; VªsM ;wfu;uksa dh 'kj.k esavk x;kA gj ekSds ij ;wfu;u usr`Ro O;ogkjoknhvoljoknh rjhds ls ml rkdr dh iw¡N idM+us dkrS;kj Fkk] tks mls LFkkuh; :i ls T+;knk rkd+roj yxrhFkh] pkgs mldk jktuhfrd pfj=k tks Hkh gksA dqN vU;fuf"Ø; ifjorZuoknh laxBuksa us ;g nkok fd;k gS fd ek#frlqtqdh et+nwj la?k"kZ esa 'kkfey et+nwjksa dk oxZ pfj=k lghugha Fkk] blhfy, vkUnksyu esa x+yr izo`fRr;k¡ gkoh Fkha! ;gfo'ys"k.k vthcks&x+jhc gS_ ;g ekudj pyrk gS fd et+nwjoxZ esa loZgkjk psruk ,d fnO; :i ls iznRr pht+ gksxhAokLro esa] vfèkd ls vfèkd x+jhc et+nwjksa ds vkUnksyuksa esaHkh et+nwjksa dh psruk Lor%LiQwrZ :i ls loZgkjk gksxh] bldhmEehn de gh gksrh gSA loZgkjk psruk dks fgjkoy }kjkyxkrkj la?k"kZ djds gkfly fd;k tkuk gksrk gS_ jktuhfrdls ysdj lkekftd&vkfFkZd Lrj rdA ek#fr et+nwjksa dsvkUnksyu ds ßkl dk ewy dkj.k et+nwjksa ds xM+cM+ oxZpfj=k esa ugha ryk'ks tk ldrsA okLro esa] fgjkoy rkd+rksadks ek#fr et+nwj vkUnksyu esa tks Hkwfedk fuHkkuh Fkh] mlsfuHkkus dh ctk;] os et+nwj oxZ dh Lor%LiQwrZrk dk t'uekurs jgs] tks fd fcjys gh vius vkiesa loZgkjk gksrh gS!


ysfuu us ,d ckj dgk Fkk et+nwj oxZ Lor%LiQwrZ :i ls VªsM;wfu;uoknh psruk ;k vFkZoknh psruk gh iSnk dj ldrk gSAog jktuhfrd :i ls lpsr gks] blds fy, fgjkoy dhHkwfedk vfuok;Z gksrh gSA ysfdu vkUnksyu esa vius vkidksbad+ykch et+nwjksa dk ¶dsUnz¸ vkSj ØkfUrdkjh ukStokuksa dklaxBu ?kksf"kr djus okys jktuhfrd ukSnkSyfr;ksa us et+nwj oxZdh Lor%LiQwrZrk&iwtu dk dke tkjh j[kk vkSj et+nwj oxZds ØkfUrdkjh jktuhfrdhdj.k dk dksbZ ,ts.Mk gkFk esa ughafy;kA urhtru] ;wfu;u usr`Ro tks fd ,d ØkfUrdkjhjktuhfrdhdj.k dh fLFkfr esa lgh dne mBk ldrk Fkk] ogdHkh lhVw] ,Vd] ,p-,e-,l- vkfn tSlh x+n~nkj VªsM ;wfu;uksadks vkUnksyu dk jguqek cukrk jgk rks dHkh [kki iapk;rksadksA

rkTtqc dh ckr ;g gS fd et+nwj oxZ dh Lor%LiQwrZrkdk t'u eukus okys ;s vjktdrkoknh&la?kkfèkiR;oknh dHkhHkh ;g loky ugha mBk lds fd ,e-,l-MCY;w-;w- dk usrRojktuhfrd fu.kZ; ysus dh izfØ;k esa dHkh Hkh vke et+nwjksadks 'kkfey ugha djrk FkkA ctk; blds fd ;s ¶et+nwjoknh¸;wfu;u usr`Ro dks fu.kZ; ysus dh izfØ;k esa vke et+nwjksa dks'kkfey djus dk lq>ko nssrs] os ;wfu;u usrRo dh xSjtuoknhizofRr;ksa dks izJ; vkSj izksRlkgu nsrs jgs! fu.kZ; ysus ds dkeesa vke ek#fr et+nwjksa dh dksbZ Hkkxhnkjh ugha curh FkhA ;slkjs fu.kZ; ;wfu;u usrRo }kjk ¶bad+ykch&ØkfUrdkjh¸ laxBuksads rFkkdfFkr ofj"B cqf¼thfo;ksa ds lkFk cUn dejksa esadkukiQwlh djds fy;s tkrs jgsA vkSj tujy ckWMh cSBdksa esaet+nwjksa dks cl fy;s x;s fu.kZ; dh lwpuk ns nh tkrh FkhAu rks dHkh dksbZ ,slh cSBd cqyk;h tkrh Fkh ftlesa fd lHkhet+nwj vkSj lkFk gh lHkh Hkkxhnkjh laxBuksa ds izfrfufèk;ksa dkscqyk;k tk;] vkSj u gh fu.kZ; dks ysdj vke et+nwjksa dschp dks jk;&e'kfojk gksrk FkkA et+nwjksa ds chp Hkh blekufldrk dks c<+kok fn;k tkrk jgk fd ¶izèkku thyksx fu.kZ; ys ysaxs¸ vkSj mUgsa dsoy mu fu.kZ;ksa ijvey djuk gSA urhtru] vkUnksyu dks yxus okys gj>Vds ds lkFk et+nwjksa dh Hkkxhnkjh dh nj fxjrh x;h vkSjmldk fuEure fcUnq 18 tqykbZ 2013 ds izn'kZu esa lkeusvk;kA ;wfu;u ds usr`Ro ds O;ogkjokn dh fLFkfr vc ;gk¡rd igq¡p jgh gS fd tks cM+h ;wfu;u vkfFkZd rkSj ij cM+klg;ksx dj jgh gS] mlds vuqlkj ;wfu;u usrRo uhfr fuèkkZj.kdjus dk rS;kj gSA vxj jktuhfrd rkSj ij dgsa rks bliwjs vkUnksyu esa tks cM+h det+ksjh jgh] tks vkxs pydjblds ßkl dk dkj.k Hkh cuh og Fkk ;wfu;u usr`Ro esavjktdrkoknh&la?kkfèkiR;okn] voljokn vkSjO;ogkjokn (izSXesfVT+e) dk vlj ftls fd rFkkdfFkr¶bad+ykch&ØkfUrdkjh¸ dkejsMksa us tedj c<+kok fn;kA

Nn~e vk'kkokn ls gksxk uqdlku% orZekuifjfLFkfr ds oLrqxr fo'ys"k.k dht+:jr

vxj Bksl oLrqxr lPpkbZ dh ckr djsa rks ek#frlqtqdh et+nwjksa dk vkUnksyu vc fc[kjko ds jkLrs ij c<+pqdk gSA fuf'pr rkSj ij 'kq: esa bl vkUnksyu esa t+cnZLrlEHkkouk,¡ fufgr Fkha vkSj ;g Hkkjr esa et+nwjksa ds chp vkSjfo'ks"k rkSj ij vkWVkseksckby lsDVj ds et+nwjksa ds chp ,dfelky cu ldrk FkkA ysfdu dksbZ Hkh lEHkkouk Lo;a ;FkkFkZesa rCnhy ugha gks tkrh gS vkSj gj lEHkkouk dh ,d foijhrlEHkkouk Hkh ges'kk gh ekStwn gksrh gSA et+nwj oxZ ds vkUnksyuksaesa vjktdrkoknh&la?kkfèkiR;okn] voljokn vkSj O;ogkjokndh izo`fRr;k¡ ges'kk ls gh ekStwn jgh gSa vkSj Lor%LiQwrZ :ils Hkh flj mBkrh jgh gSaA vxj bu izo`fRr;ksa dks izJ; vkSjizksRlkgu nsus okys dqN vjktdrkoknh&la?kkfèkiR;oknh vkSjvoljoknh laxBu Hkh vkUnksyuksa esa 'kkfey gksa rks ;s izofRr;k¡vDlj izeq[k izo`fRr;k¡ cu tkrh gSa vkSj dbZ ckj vkUnksyuds iru vkSj fc[kjko dk dkj.k cu tkrh gSaA ek#fr lqtqdhet+nwjksa ds la?k"kZ esa ;gh fLFkfr iSnk gqbZ gSA

18 tqykbZ dks vis{kk ls csgn de tqVku gksus vkSj r;dk;ZØe ds vliQy gksus ds ckotwn dqN laxBu ,d Nn~evk'kkokn iQSykus esa yxs gq, gSaA os izpkfjr dj jgs gSa fdvkUnksyu uk;dRoiw.kZ :i ls vkxs c<+ jgk gS! ysfdu vxj18 tqykbZ ds okLrfod ?kVukØe ij fuxkg Mkysa rks ;glki+Q gks tkrk gS fd vkUnksyu fc[kjko dh eaft+y esa gSA

reke oke i=k&if=kdkvksa esa Hkh bls ysdj tks fjiksVsZaNi jgh gSa] os oLrqxr rLohj is'k djus dh ctk; ,ddkYifud Nn~e vk'kkoknh rLohj is'k dj jgha gSaA okLro esabu fjiksVksZa dks fy[kus okys yksx Hkh vke rkSj ij mUghavfr&mRlkgh laxBuksa ds yksx gh gSa] ftuds mRlkg dkscpdku k g h dg k t k ldr k g S A , sl s re keHkwriwoZ&okeiaFkh&dk;ZdrkZ&lEizfr&mnh;eku cqf¼thoh gSa tksfu;fer :i ls fgUnh i=k&if=kdkvksa esa ek#fr lqtqdh vkUnksyuij ew[kZrkiw.kZ jiVsa fy[krs jgrs gSa! rkTtqc dh ckr ;g gSfd ;s fuf"Ø; mxzifjorZuoknh cqf¼thoh et+nwj vkUnksyuksa esadHkh f'kjd+r ugha djrs_ cl mldks ns[kdj rkyh ctkrsjgrs gSa vkSj vkykspukRed fo'ys"k.k djus dh ctk; Nn~evk'kkokn dk izlkj djus esa yxs jgrs gSa! bl izo`fRr lsuqdlku gh gks jgk gS D;ksafd Nn~e vk'kkokn fujk'kkoknls Hkh T+;knk [k+rjukd gksrk gS_ dkj.k ;g fd ,slkNn~e vk'kkokn iyVdj grk'kk dh fLFkfr iSnk djrkgSA ek#fr lqtqdh et+nwjksa ds chp vkSj lkFk gh ns'k Hkj dset+nwjksa ds chp bl vkUnksyu ds ldkjkRed vkSj udkjkRedvuqHkoksa ds lkj&la{ksi ij ppkZ vkSj cgl gksuh pkfg,Avkt vkUnksyu dh fLFkfr ds ,d oLrqxr fo'ys"k.k dhvko';drk gSA blh ds t+fj;s vkxs ds jkLrs ij dksbZ ckr gks


ldrh gSAdqN yksxksa dh ;g Hkh jk; gS fd tc rd vkUnksyu

fcYdqy [kRe u gks tk;s rc rd vkUnksyu dh dfe;ksa&[k+kfe;ksads ckjs esa dqN ugha dgk ;k fy[kk tkuk pkfg, D;ksafd bllset+nwjksa dk gkSlyk iLr gks tk;sxkA ysfdu tc vkUnksyu[k+Re gh gks tk;sxk rc muds ckjs esa ckr djds D;kgkfly gksxk\ vkSj loky rks ;g gS fd vHkh et+nwjksads chp dkSu&lh cgqr mRlkg dh fLFkfr gS\ okLro esa]lPpk mRlkg ,d lgh vkRefo'ys"k.k] vkRekykspuk vkSjj.kuhfr vkSj vke j.kdkS'ky esa cnyko ls gh iSnk gks ldrkgSA lgh rjhdk rks ;g gksxk fd vkUnksyu ds tkjh jgrs ghvkykspuk&vkRekykspuk dh izfØ;k ls mldh dfe;ksa&[k+kfe;ksadks nwj fd;k tk; rkfd vliQyrk dh fLFkfr dks gh iSnkgksus ls Hkjld jksdk tk ldsA tks vkUnksyu vkRe&fo'ys"k.kdh {kerk [kks cSBrk gS] og vUrr% iru ds jkLrs ij ghvkxs c<+rk gSA ysfdu iqNYykokn vkSj et+nwjokn dh izofRrds f'kdkj laxBuksa vkSj cqf¼thfo;ksa dh ;gh izo`fRr gksrh gSfd tc rd vkUnksyu tkjh jgrk gS vkSj mlesa mlds irudk cht cuus okyh fotkrh; izo`fRr;k¡ iSnk gks jgh gksrh gSa]

^^dksbZ >wB rkRdkfyd :i ls mi;ksxh gks ldrk gS ysfdunwjxkeh :i ls og vfuok;Zr% gkfudj gksrk gS] bldsfoijhr] lPpkbZ nwjxkeh :i ls vfuok;Zr% Hkyk gh djrhgS pkgs rkRdkfyd :i ls og gkfudj gh D;ksa u gksA bllseS ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyus ds fy, ckè; gw¡ fd thfu;lO;fDr tks ,d izpfyr Hkwy dks mtkxj djrk gS ;k tks,d egku lR; dks LFkkfir djrk gS] gekjh J¼k ds ;ksX;gSA gks ldrk gS fd ,slk O;fDr iwoZkxzgksa vkSj dkuwu dkf'kdkj cu tk;s] ysfdu dkuwu Hkh nks rjg ds gksrs gSaA dqN

fujis{k :i ls lerkoknh vkSj lkoZHkkSfed gksrs gSa vkSj nwljs izdkj ds dkuwu euekusgksrs gSa ftudk izkfèkdkj dsoy vUèkrk ;k ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh 'kfDr ij fuHkZj gksrk gSA;s nwljs izdkj ds dkuwu budk mYya?ku djus okys O;fDr dk dsoy {kf.kd fujknjdjrs gSa] ,d ,slk fujknj ftls le; myVdj U;k;èkh'kksa vkSj jk"Vªksa ds gh Åij ges'kkds fy, Fkksi nsrk gSA vkt dkSu fujknj dk f'kdkj gS] lqdjkr ;k og tt ftlus mlst+gj ihus dk vkns'k fn;k Fkk\**

rc os ml ij pqIih lkèks jgrs gSa vkSj t;&t;dkj esa exujgrs gSa_ vkSj tc vkUnksyu dh uko Mwc tkrh gS rks crkuk'kq: djrs gSa fd uko esa dgk¡&dgk¡ ij Nsn Fkk] vkSj ;g fdog r k s igy s l s g h t kur s F k s ! ;gvjktdrkoknh&la?kkfèkiR;okfn;ksa dk voljokn gh gSA igysHkh ,slk gksrk jgk gS vkSj yxrk gS fd bl ckj Hkh ,slk ghgksus okyk gSA

ek#fr lqtqdh et+nwjksa ds la?k"kZ ds iquxZBu dh lEHkkoukds ckjs esa vHkh dqN Hkh nkos ls ugha dgk tk ldrk gSAysfdu ,d ckr r; gS% vxj iquxZBu dh dksbZ Hkh lEHkkoukgS rks og ,d lgh jktuhfrd vkRekykspuk] j.kuhfrvkSj j.kdkS'ky esa cnyko] VªsM ;wfu;u tuokn dhLFkkiuk vkSj vjktdrkoknh&la?kkfèkiR;oknh izo`fRr;ksavkSj #>kuksa ls eqfDr ikdj gh gd+hdr esa rCnhy dhtk ldrh gSA gkyk¡fd] fdlh djsfDVo ds fy, vc le;'ks"k gS ;k ugha blds ckjs esa vHkh dqN Hkh ugha dgk tkldrk gS] ysfdu fiQj Hkh vxj {kh.k lEHkkoukvksa ds fy,Hkh dqN djuk gks rks ;gh jkLrk gSA

l

& nsuh fnnsjks (izcksèkudky ds egku izQkalhlh nk'kZfud)


fgXl cqlkWu u feyus dh 'krZ LVhiQsu gWkfdax gkj x,gSa] ijUrq mudh bl gkj ds ckotwn foKku us rjDdh dh gSAihVj fgXl ds vuqlkj inkFkZ esa nzO;eku dk xq.k fgXl cqlksuds dkj.k vkrk gSA luZ iz;ksx'kkyk ds egkiz;ksx ls feysvk¡dM+ksa ds vkèkkj ij oSKkfud bl urhts ij igq¡ps gSa fdfgXl cqlksu gh og cqfu;knh d.k gS tks inkFkZ dks nzO;ekunsrk gS rFkk fcx cSax* ;k egkfoLiQksV ds dqN iy ckn fgXli+QhYM o fuokZr feydj reke cqfu;knh d.kkas dks Hkkj nsrsgSaA vkt ge czãk.M dks Hkh ij[kuyh esa ij[ks tkus okysjlk;u dh rjg iz;ksxksa ls ij[k jgs gSaA gekjh iz;ksx'kkykvksaesa czãk.M ds :i vkSj mlds mn~Hko* ;k fodkl* dks tk¡pktk jgk gSA dksijfudl vkSj Ckzwuks dh dqckZuh t+k;k ugha x;hAfoKku us ppZ dh èkkj.kkvksaa ds ij[kPps mM+k fn;s vkSj lkjsfeFkdksa ds lkFk èkeZ'kkL=kksa dks foKku us fxyksfVu ns fn;kA[Sk+j] fgXl cqlksu feyus ls LVS.MMZ ekWMy F;ksjh lR;kfir gksx;h gSA rks D;k gekjk foKku iwjk gks x;k gS\ ugha d+ÙkbZ ughaA;g loky gh x+yr gSA foKku dHkh Hkh lc dqN tkuus dknkok ugha djrk gS vkSj vxj dqN oSKkfud] vius fuf'prnk'kZfud csaV vkWiQ ekbaM* ls tc bl voèkkj.kk dks ekursgSa rc os ladV ds CySd gksy* esa iQ¡l tkrs gSaA gekjk foKkufodkl'khy gS] Kkr vkSj vKkr (x+kSj djsa] ^vKs;* ugha!)ds }U} esa ge u, vk;keksa dks tkurs gSa vkSj blls u, vKkrdh pqukSrh ikrs gSaA Kkr vkSj vKkr ds }U} dks u le>ukgh ladV dk vkokgu djrk gS] èkeZ'kkL=kksa dh izsrkRek fiQjls foKku esa thfor gksus yxrh gSA

bl ladV dk lVhd :Ik D;k gS\ ladV bldk gS fdDok.Ve i+QhYM F;ksjh }kjk lR;kfir gq, fgXl cqlkWu ds ogr~xq.k] xq#Ro dks lekfgr ugha djrs gSaA fcx cSax F;ksjh dhvoèkkj.kk ds vuqlkj ^fcx cSax* ds le; inkFkZ dk tUegqvk] xq#Ro dk tUe gqvk rFkk fnd~&dky dk tUe gqvkAbl voèkkj.kk ds IkhNs dk igyk rdZ&vkdk'kxaxkvksa dkgels nwj tkuk] tks fd czãk.M ds foLrkj dks le>krk gS_nwljk rdZ lewps czãk.M esa ekStwn ik'oZ fodhj.k (cSdxzkm.M

jsfM,'ku ftlls flXuy ds u gksus ls Vhoh esa f>yfeykgVgksrh gS) ;g n'kkZrs gaS fd czãk.M dh 'kq#vkr esa ;k cgqrigys ,d Hkh"k.k foLiQksV gqvk FkkA fcx cSax dh bl voèkkj.kkds lkFk HkkSfrdh dks ogr~ xq#Ro vkSj lw{e Dok.Vkbts+'ku dksO;k[;kf;r djuk gSA xq#Ro vkSj Dok.Vkbt+s'ku ds ,dhdj.kdh leL;k dks vkbUlVhu us igyh ckj 1905 esa vius^dfj'ekbZ* isij esa is'k fd;k FkkA fLVªax F;ksjh vkSj Dok.Veywi F;ksjh bu eq[; vojksèkdksa dks gy djus okyh izeq[knkosnkj gSaA fiQygky gesa 2015 rd bUrt+kj djuk gksxk tcrd fd luZ iz;ksx ds vk¡dMksa dks lw+=kc¼ ugha dj fy;ktkrkA bl iz;ksx ls xq#Ro vkSj Dok.Ve ifj?kVuk dks lekfgrdjus okys fl¼kUr fLVªax F;ksjh ;k Dok.Ve ywi F;ksjh dklR;kiu gksrk gS ;k ;s vakf'kd :i esa Lohdkjh tkrh gSa ;kdksbZ u;h F;ksjh bls le>krh gS] ;g le; crk,xk ijUrq ;gfoKku ds fy, csgn egRoiw.kZ gksxkA vkàku ikBd lEeysuesa izLrqr ipZs esa vkSj ^vkàku* esa vk;s ,d ys[k ds t+fj;sgeus ;g fn[kk;k Fkk fd fgXl cqlksu ds <w¡<s+ tkus ls HkkSfrdokndks dksbZ [+krjk ugha gSA ;g HkkSfrd ;FkkFkZ dk ,d xq.k gStks vc mtkxj gqvk gSA bl iz;ksx ls fudyus okys vU;fu"d"kZ Hkh }U}kRed HkkSfrdokn dks vkSj xgu djsaxsA

,axsYl ds n`f"Vdks.k ds vuqlkj ¶HkkSfrdokn dh ,dek=k vifjgk;Zrk ekuo efLr"d }kjk (tc ekuo efLr"dekStwn gks) ckgjh txr dk izfrfcEcu gS] tks fd gekjsefLr"d ls LorU=k :i ls vfLrRoeku rFkk izxfr'khy gSA¸(,axsYl] yqMfox IkQk;jck[k) Hkkookn vkSj HkkSfrdokn dschp vUrj efLr"d rFkk ckgjh txr ds fj'rs ls gksrk gSAokLrfod ;FkkFkZ dk :i dSlk gS ;g tkuuk izkdfrd foKkudk {ks=k gS] n'kZu fliZQ mls jkLrk fn[kk ldrk gSA tc&tc;g jkLrk xyr nk'kZfud jks'kuh esa ns[kk tkrk gS rc&rcoSKkfud nhokjksa ij flj iVdrs gSa vkSj lHkh ¶ladV&ladV¸dk 'kksj epkrs gSa ;k os u, iz;ksxksa dh jks'kuh esa (foKkuizxfr'khy gksrk gS] la;ksx vkSj vfuok;Zrk ds }U} ds t+fj;s]èkhjs vkSj yEcs jkLrs ls og vkxs c<+rk gh gS) vkSj rc [kqys

foKku

vkèkqfud HkkSfrdh rFkkHkkSfrdokn dk fodkl

lllll luh


njokts* dks og fiQj [kksyrk gSA izd`fr dk lgh izfrfcEcu}U}kRed HkkSfrdokn gh dj ldrk gSA bls udkj dj oSKkfudisVs.V dh yM+kbZ dk ywMks [skyrs jgrs gSa vkSj iz;ksxksa ds^Mkbl* ls leL;k,¡ vkSj muds gy fcuk dkj.k tkus gh u;hrduhdkas] nokb;ksa vkSj e'khuksa rFkk vkèkqfud fodkl esayxrs gSaA

yksjsaV~t] yaSTk+fou ls ysdj Cyksf[uLrso] gSlsu] OykfnehjiQkWd] ldkrk] ;qdkok] rkdsrkuh ds }U}kRed HkkSfrdoknhut+fj, dks fcydqy Hkqyk fn;k x;k gSA iQkWd us lkisf{kdrkfl¼kar] Cyksf[uLrso us Dok.Ve eSdsfuDl] rkdsrkuh] ldkrk];qdkok us d.k HkkSfrdh] Dok.Ve esdsfuDl dks ns[kus dk,d ,sfrgkfld ut+fj;k fn;k ftls vkt dE;qfuLV izksisxS.Mkcksydj foKku dh cqfu;knh i<+kbZ ls x+k;c dj fn;k x;k gSAblh dkj.k ladV oSKkfudksa] foKku ds vkèkqfud nk'kZfudkasds fnekxksa dks ?ksjs cSBk gSA blds dkj.kksa dh ge vkSjfof'k"Vrk esa iM+rky vkxs djsaxsA ijUrq ;gk¡ ge Li"V djukpkgrs gSa fd fuf'pr rkSj ij foKku ;k vU; ekuoh; Kku'kk[kk,¡ }U}kRed HkkSfrdoknh o ,sfrgkfld HkkSfrdoknh rjhdsls fodflr gksrh gSa vkSj foKku dh izxfr }U}kRed HkkSfrdoknhn'kZu iz.kkyh ds vuqlkj gh fodflr gksrh gS rFkk cqtZqvklekt dh nk'kZfud vfuok;Zrkvksa] ;kuh lkj&laxzgokn]uo&dk.Vokn] ek[kokn ds ckotwn èkhes&èkhes lgh ysfdujkLrs rd vkrh gS vkSj tc rd foKku lgh nk'kZfud iz.kkyho vkèkkj ij ugha pysxk rc rd foKku ladV dk f'kdkjjgsxk ijUrq ;g Hkh lgh gS fd [kqn foKku ds fodkl ds lkFk}U}kRed iz.kkyh dks Hkh fodflr gksuk iM+rk gSA ;kuh vxjge dgsa fd HkkSfrdokn dh dqN voèkkj.kk,¡ viw.kZ gksrh gSarks ;g }U}kRed HkkSfrdokn ds vuqlkj gh gSA cfYd ;g}U}kRed HkkSfrdokn ds vuqlkj gh gS] tks oLrqxr ;FkkFkZ dksgh fujis{k lR; dk vkèkkj ekurk gS ftl rd ge viuhlkisf{kd le> ds vuqlkj igq¡prs gSaA ysfuu ds 'kCnksa esa dgsarks ¶gj fopkjèkkjk ,sfrgkfld :i esa lkisf{kd gksrh gS ij;g fcUkk 'krZ lR; gS fd gj oSKkfud fopkjèkkjk fdlh ufdlh oLrqxr lR; ls lEcUèk j[krh gS] fujis{k izd`fr dsvuqlkj gksrh gSA¸ (ysfuu] vuqHkofl¼ vkykspuk vkSjHkkSfrdokn) ,axsYl fy[krs gSa] ¶gj iFk izn'kZd [kkst dslkFk] (ekuoh; bfrgkl esa bls fu;e ekurs gq,) pkgs ogfoKku esa gks] HkkSfrdokn dks viuk :i cnyuk iM+rk gSA¸rks D;k fgXl cqlkWu ds [kksts tkus ls HkkSfrdokn dks viuk:i cnyuk iM+sxk\

HkkSfrdokn] vU; n'kZu vkSj oSKkfud[kkstsa

blls Ikgys ge ;g ns[k ysrs gSa fd izd`fr dksvyx&vyx nk'kZfud vofLFkfr;k¡ fdl izdkj le>krh gSa]}U}kRed HkkSfrdokn budh fdl izdkj vkykspuk j[krk gSAvUr esa ge ;g ns[ksaxs fd [kqn }U}kRed HkkSfrdokn esa Hkh

dbZ izdkj dh cglsa gSa vkSj ;g fdl izdkj Ikzkdfrd foKkuds fodkl ds lkFk fodflr gksrh gSA

czãk.M dh mRifRr dk iz'u nk'kZfud cgl dk izeq[kfo"k; jgk gSA Hkkooknh vkSj HkkSfrdoknh [skes us bl lokyds vyx&vyx tokc fn;s gSaA Hkkookn ds vuqlkj czãk.Mdh mRifRr czãk dh jpuk] bZ'oj dk dfj'ek gS ftls gsxsyus nk'kZfud :i ls lcls mRd`"V :i esa is'k fd;kA gsxsyus dgk fd ije fopkj* (nseh mxksZl) vius ,d va'k dksijdhdr djds nqfu;k dks x<+rk gSA HkkSfrd fo'o mlh ijefopkj dk ,d ,fy;usVsM va'k gSA dk.V us ekuk fd oLrqfut:i (fFkax&bu&bVlsYiQ) gksrk gS_ bl izdkj mUgksaus ;gekuk fd HkkSfrd ;FkkFkZ gksrk gSA ysfdu lkFk gh dk.V dsfy, ;g HkkSfrd ;FkkFkZ vKs; gS_ bls tkuk ugha tk ldrkAurhtru] dk.V ds vKs;okn us Hkh Hkkooknh n'kZu ds lk¡lysus ds fy, i;kZIr txg NksM+ nhA Hkkookn vkSj vKs;oknls vyx dbZ oSKkfudks us mRifRr ds iz'u dks HkkSfrdh dsfl¼kUrkas ls le>kus dh dksf'k'k dh vkSj HkkSfrdh ls [kkststk jgs inkFkZ txr ds u, xq.kksa dks blh dh vfHkO;fDrekukA ;g iwjh izfØ;k dki+Qh yEch vkSj tfVy jghA [+kkldjDok.Ve txr ds mtkxj gksus ds lkFk ;g loky my>rkpyk x;kA ek[k] iksbads;j] vksLVokWYM] ,fMaXVu ds uodk.Voknh] vuqHkofl¼ n'kZuksa ls izHkkfor :lh ek[k+oknhcksXnkukso us ekDlZokn ds dEcy ds Hkhrj jgrs gq, ekDlZoknij geys fd;s ftUgsa uXu djus dk dke ysfuu us viuhizfl¼ jpuk ^vuqHkofl¼ vkykspuk vkSj HkkSfrdokn* esafd;kA lkFk gh ysfuu us foKku ds loky ij Hkh viuhldkjkRed ckr j[kh rFkk HkkSfrdfonksa ds chp izpfyrnk'kZfud chekjh ¶HkkSfrd Hkkookn¸ dks mtkxj fd;kA

ijUrq gj lky Dok.Ve txr dh u;h [kkstksa ds lkFkladV dk mUekn c<+rk x;k] gkbt+sucxZ dk ;g dFku fdîzs{kd gh ;FkkFkZ dk fuekZ.k djrk gS* blh nk'kZfud nfjnzrkdk cM+k mnkgj.k gSA ysfdu ;g ,d =kklnh jgh gS fd ysfuu}kjk bl vke leL;k dk lekèkku <w¡<s+ tkus ds ckotwn ;gvc Hkh ekStwn gS vkSj vius t+ksj ds lkFk ekStwn gSA vkt dsnkSj ds fofHkUu oSKkfudksa xzhu] isujkst+] lfLadM vkfn blhizofRr ds f'kdkj gSaA Hkkookn dh ;g gsxsYkh; iw¡N oSKkfudksads vUos"k.k ds iFk esa #dkoV cuh gqbZ gSA bl gsxsyh; iw¡Nds nks dkj.k ysfuu us viuh iqLrd esa is'k fd;s Fks] gkyk¡fdmUgksaus bl 'kCnkoyh dk bLrseky ugha fd;k FkkA igyk gSefLr"d dk <qYkeqYkiu vkSj nwljk Kku dk lkisf{kdrkoknAefLr"d dk <qYkeqYkiu ds ckjs esa fy[krs gq, ysfuu oSKkfudjs; dk m¼j.k j[krs gSa] ¶xf.kr dh vewrZ diksy&dYiukvksaus HkkSfrd ;FkkFkZ rFkk ml <ax ds chp] ftl <ax ls xf.krKbl ;FkkFkZ dks le>rs gSa] ekuks ,d inkZ [kM+k dj fn;k x;kgks---¸A Bksl ewrZ ;FkkFkZ dh txg fliZQ xf.krh; lw=kksa dksgd+hd+r ekuk tkrk gS] Nqis gq, vk;ke (Mk;esa'ku) vkSjmPp xf.kr ls nqfu;k dks ns[kk tkrk gSA ogha nwljk dkj.k]


Kku dh lkisf{kdrk Hkh izd`fr ds u;s&u;s ;FkkFkZ ds lkeusvkus ij igys ls ekStwn fl¼kUrksa dks udkj nsrh gS vkSj mudschp fdlh Hkh lekurk ls badkj dj fujis{k lR; dks Hkhudkj nsrh gSA nwljh [kkl izofr tks bl gsxsYkh; iw¡N ds lkFkoSKkfudksaa ds x+yr mn~fodkl esa iSnk gqbZ og gS M~;wgfjax dhew¡N] vkSj ;s nksuksa vkil esa tqM+h gqbZ gSaA ;kuh fd ,slsoSKkfudksa dh ih<+h Hkh iSnk gqbZ tks bUgha xf.krh; lw=kksa dsvkèkkj ij ,d nqfu;k dks jprs gSa vkSj ,sls ;FkkFkZ esa <kyrsgSa vkSj ,sls u;s fl¼kUrkas dh jpuk djrs gS fd jkt dkWfeDlds fuekZrkvksa dks Hkh 'keZ vk tk;! vkt vkèkqfud HkkSfrdhds lkFk ;gh gks jgk gSA czãk.Mksaa vkSj nqfu;k dks jpus dsekeys esa gekjs oSKkfud ukxjkt dh dkWfeDl dh nqfu;k dsfu;eksa ls Hkh vuks[ks fu;e [kkst jgs gSaA u;h nqfu;kvksa dhjpuk dj jgs gSaA ysfdu iQUrklh dh bl nqfu;k ds jpf;rkvksads ije xq: M~;wgfjax vkt Hkh nqfu;k Hkj esa viuh jpukvksals vfèkd ,axsYl }kjk vkykspuk ds fy, e'kgwj gSaA ;ghM~;wgfjax dh ew¡N vkt vkèkqfud oSKkfudksa ds cM+s fgLls dksizrkfM+r dj jgh gSA xkWM ikfVZdy tSls tqeykas ds fy, fliZQcqtZqvk ehfM;k ugha cfYd reke oSKkfud Hkh ft+Eesnkj gSa tksiSls ds fy;s izdk'kdksa ds dgus ij lLrh iQUrklh dk fuekZ.kdjrs gSaA M~;wgfjax dh ;g ew¡N vkt oSKkfudksa ds psgjs ijbruh c<+ pqdh gS fd budh nf"V vks>y gks tk jgh gSA bldsdkj.k gh ;s ¶HkkSfrdokn }kjk [kksys njoktkas dks ugha ns[kikrs vkSj nhokjksa esa flj ekjrs jgrs gSa] ogha gsXksyh; iw¡N dkot+u buds 'kjhj dks bruk èkhjs dj nsrk gS vkSj reke txgmy>kdj fxjkrk jgrk gS fd ;s njokts+ ds djhc gksdj Hkhogk¡ igq¡pus esa nsj yxkrs gSaA ys[k ds vfUre fgLls esavkèkqfud HkkSfrdh dh reke ifjdYiukvksa ij ckr djrs gq,ge bl gsxsyh; iw¡N vkSj M~;wgfjax dh ew¡N ij okil ykSVsaxsA

;g lp gS fd [kqn }U}kRed HkkSfrdokn Hkh dbZvUn:uh la?k"kkZas ls gksrk gqvk gh oLrqxr ;FkkFkZ dk izfrfcEcudj ikrk gSA tc u;h ifj?kVuk iSnk gksrh gS rks dbZ ekDlZoknhHkh vyx&vyx O;k[;k is'k djrs gSa] ijUrq buesa ls ,d ghn`f"Vdks.k Bhd gks ldrk gS (vxj dksbZ gqvk rks!) tkslkis{kr% oLrqxr ;FkkFkZ dks T+;knk lgh rjhds ls izfrfcfEcrdjrk gSA dbZ ekDlZokfn;kas us ,axsYl }kjk izd`fr esa ekStwn}U}okn dh O;k[;k dks xyr ekuk gSA ywdkp rFkk dbZ vU;ekDlZokfn;ksa us ,axsYl dh iqLrd îzd`fr dk }U}okn* o^M~;wgfjax er [k.Mu* dh vkykspuk dh gS rFkk mUgsa ekDlZds fl¼kUr esa la'kksèku djus dk nks"kh Bgjk;k gSA ge blsudkjrs gSaA ,axsYl dh ;s vkykspuk,¡ x+yr gSaA ge bufopkjèkkjkRed la?k"kkZas ij viuh ckr vkxs ,d vyx ys[kesa j[sakxs ijUrq ;g le> ysus dh t+:jr gS fd HkkSfrdoknfodkl djrk gS] fLiukst+k ls ysdj ekDlZ rd dh ;k=kk dsckn Hkh ;g ugha #dsxkA rks D;k vkt] [+kkldj vkèkqfudHkkSfrdh ds iz;ksxksa ls feys vk¡dM+ks ds fo'ys"k.k ds vkèkkjij gesa HkkSfrdokn dh xgurk vkSj inkFkZ dh ifjHkk"kk dks

O;k[;kf;r djus dh t+:jr gS\ ,axsYl us gh dgk gS fd}U}kRed HkkSfrdokn ¶izkdfrd foKku vkSj bfrgkl ds yEcsvkSj mdrk nsus okys fodkl¸ ls HkkSfrdrk lR;kfir gksrh gSAijUrq bl loky ls igys ge ,axsYl vkSj ysfuu ds le;ds foKku vkSj mlds vkèkkj ij muds }kjk HkkSfrdokn rFkkinkFkZ dh ifjHkk"kk ij ut+j Mkysaxs ftlls fd ge lgh jkLrsij vkxs c<+ ldsa D;ksafd mUgksaus [kqn bl fl¼kUr dks blrjg ls O;k[;kf;r fd;k gS fd ge vxj mu dfr;ksa dks i<+ysa rks dbZ Hkze lki+Q gks tk;saxs tks vkt fgXl cqlkWu vkSjczãk.M dh mRifRr ds iz'u ij iQSys gq, gSaA

,axsYl ds le; dk foKku o inkFkZ dhifjHkk"kk

ekDlZ vkSj ,axsYl us bfrgkl] laLd`fr] jktuhfrdvFkZ'kkL=k ls ysdj izkd`frd foKku ds {ks=k esa }U}kRedHkkSfrdoknh n`f"V dks ykxw fd;k vkSj oSKkfud lektokn dsfl¼kUr dks fodflr fd;k tks iw¡thokn ds vUrjfojksèk ds:i esa blh O;oLFkk ds xHkZ esa iy jgk FkkA }U}kRedHkkSfrdokn dks fodflr djrs gq, ,axsYl us fl¼ fd;k fdiQk;jck[k+ dh lhekvksa esa ,d eq[; dkj.k foKku dk fodklFkk] iQk;jck[k+ dk HkkSfrdokn ls foeq[k gksus dk dkj.kfoKku esa vUrfuZfgr }U}okn ls vifjfpr jguk FkkA ,axsYlus 1890 esa fy[kh iqLrd yqMfox iQk;jck[k+ vkSj Dykfldh;teZu n'kZu dk vUr* esa fy[kk fd rhu oSKkfud [kkstksa usHkkSfrdokn esa }U}okn dks fo'ks"k :i ls LFkkfir fd;k%dksf'kdk dh [kkst] mQtkZ ds :ikUrj.k ds fu;e rFkk mn~fodklds fl¼kar dh [kkstA 1838 vkSj 1839 esa ,Ek- 'ysMhu vkSjVh- 'oku }kjk ouLifr vkSj tkuojksa dh dksf'kdk dh lekurkrFkk dksf'kdk dks thou dh cqfu;knh lajpukRed bdkbZ ds:i esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k] 1850 rd es;j] tqy] gsYEgksYV~tus mQtkZ ds laj{k.k vkSj :ikUrj.k dk fu;e [kkst fudkykAMkfoZu us 1853 esa iztkfr;ksa ds mn~Hko vkSj izkd`frd p;uds ckjs esa* iqLrd }kjk mfn~odkl dk fl¼kUr j[kk vkSj ;ghals inkFkZ ds ,d :i ls nwljs esa cnyuk vkSj vfojy blizfØ;k ds pyus dh nk'kZfud vofLFkfr;ksa dks oSKkfudleFkZu gkfly gqvkA ekDlZ us xf.kr esa }U}kRed i¼fr dksykxw fd;k vkSj vodyu dk ,sfrgkfld ifjp; nsrs gq,nkyEcsj] yhfCuRt+ vkSj U;wVu ds vodyu ds rjhdkas dsvyx&vyx igyqvksa ls ysdj Vsyj dh vodyu dh Ja[kykvkSj esDykjsu dh vodyu dh Ja[kyk ds ckjs esa fy[kk tksfd vkt Hkh egRoiw.kZ gS D;ksafd ekDlZ crkrs gSa fd vodyulgh ek;us esa egt+ ,d xf.krh; fpg~u ugha cfYd izd`fresa cnyko dk izfrfcEcu djrk gS vkSj fpg~uksa ds vUrZlEcUèk}kjk xfrdh ds fHkUu :iksa dk ge ek=kkRed vkdyu djldrs gSaA ekDlZ dh xf.kr dh ik.Mqfyfi;k¡ }U}okn dk ,dvR;Ur xgu vè;;u gS ftldk fd ekDlZ us iw¡th* fy[krsgq, iw¡th ds ifjpyu dks le>us esa Hkh iz;ksx fd;kA ,axsYl


dh fo"k;&oLrq vR;fèkd O;kid FkhA ,axsYl us ml le;HkkSfrd foKku] tho foKku] jlk;u 'kkL=k] 'kjhj jpukfoKku] [kxksy foKku ls ysdj xf.kr dk xgu vè;;ufd;k FkkA ,axsYl us bls ,d O;ofLFkr :i nsrs gq, izd`frdk }U}okn* fdrkc ds :i esa fy[kus dh ;kstuk cuk;h Fkh]ftlds fy, mUgksaus lSdM+ksa oSKkfudksa ds dke dk vè;;ufd;kA eksVs rkSj ij ;g og dk;Z Fkk tks ekDlZ vkSj ,axsYlus izkdfrd foKku esa fd;kA bl le; dk foKku ,axsYl dhvkSj muds }U}okn dh lhek,¡ O;k[;kf;r djrk gSA ;g ogle; Fkk tc gekjs foKku dh lw{e vkSj o`gr~ txr nksuksaesa lhek,¡ FkhaA v.kq vkSj lkSje.Myh; rkjksa ds fuf'pr lk¡psgh gekjs Kku dh lhek,¡ FkhaA cSdxzkm.M jsfM;s'ku] MkdZeSVj] vufxur vkdk'kxaxk,¡] CySd gksy] CySd ckWMh jsfM,'kuljh[kh ifj?kVuk,¡ vHkh ekuoh; izs{k.k ds nk;js esa ugha vk;haFkhaA foKku ds loky lhfer FksA bl dkj.k inkFkZ vkSj xfrdks O;k[;kf;r djrs gq, ,axsYl dk nf"Vdks.k Hkh lhfer FkkA;gh Kku dh fujis{krk vkSj lkis{krk dk }U} gS tks yxkrkjgy gksrk jgrk gS vkSj lkFk gh tfVy ls tfVy :i Hkhèkkj.k djrk jgrk gSA gekjk lkis{k Kku tqM+rk gS vkSj,sfrgkfld rkSj ij fujis{k lR; dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA vlyloky ,axsYl ds }kjk }U}okn dh ig¡qp vkSj i¼fr dk gSAfuf'pr rkSj ij [kqn i¼fr Hkh vkSj igq¡p Hkh fodflr gksrsgSa] ijUrq ;s }U}kRed HkkSfrdokn ds vUrxZr gksrs gSa] ;ghbudks ,d djrk gSA

vkb;s ,axsYl dh mu lwfDr;ksa dks ns[krs gSa ftuesa osinkFkZ dh voèkkj.kk j[krs gSaA ¶lkSj e.My dk m}hIr dPpkeky ,d izkd`frd fØ;k }kjk fufeZr gqvk Fkk tks fd inkFkZds xq.kksa esa vUrfuZfgr gS vkSj blh dkj.k ;s ifjfLFkfr;k¡inkFkZ }kjk iqu%fufeZr dh tkuh gaS] vkSj pkgs blds fy,djksM+ksa&djksM+ lky yxsa ;k de ;k T+;knk tks fd la;ksx ijfuHkZj djrk gS] ijUrq tks vo';EHkkoh gS vkSj la;ksx esa ghvUrfuZfgr gSA¸ inkFkZ dh og voèkkj.kk ftls ckj&ckjnqgjk;k tkrk gS fd inkFkZ iSnk ugha gqvk vkSj lnk&lnk lsekStwn gS] ¶;g ,d vuUr pØ gS ftlesa inkFkZ xfreku gS];g pØ tks fuf'pr gh vius vkWfcZV (d{k) ftl le; esaiwjk djrk gS mlds fy, nqfu;k ds ikl dksbZ i;kZIr ekudugha gSA¸ vkxs M~;wgfjax us fofèk fuekZ.k djrs gq, (vly esadk.V dh Hkíh udy djrs gq,) tc crk;k fd czãk.M dsmn~Hko ls igys og ,d Lor% leku voLFkk esa Fkk rks ,axsYlus tokc nsrs gq, dgk fd&¶rks le; dh 'kq#vkr gqbZ Fkh\bl 'kq#vkr ls igys D;k Fkk\ czãk.M] tks fd Lor% leku]vifjorZuh; voLFkk esa Fkk] vkSj D;ksafd bl voLFkk esa dksbZHkh cnyko ,d nwljs ls igys ugha vkrs gSa] le; dh fof'k"Vvoèkkj.kk lkekU; vfLrRo esa rCnhy gks tkrh gSA lclsigys] ge ;gk¡ ;g ugha tkuuk pkgrs fd M+;wgfjax ds fnekxesa fopkjksa dk fdl rjg cnyko gksrk gSA loky le; dkfopkj ugha cfYd okLrfod le; gS] ftlls M+;wgfjax bruh

vklkuh ls ihNk ugha NqM+k ldrs gSaA¸;g og m¼j.k gS ftls fd vDlj gkWfdax }kjk rFkk

oSKkfudksa }kjk dkYifud voèkkj.kk ekudj Bqdjk fn;ktkrk gSA gWkfdax ds ipsZ ¶oso iQaD'ku vkWiQ ;wfuolZ¸ esa tksvoèkkj.kk is'k dh x;h gS rFkk ftls mUgksaus 2012 esa fn, ,dO;k[;ku esa nksgjk;k gS] gkyk¡fd dbZ nk'kZfud my>uksa dslkFk] og ;g gS fd foKku dh lhek ds dkj.k ge ;g ughatku ldrs fd fcx cSax ds igys D;k FkkA gekjh ekStwnkoSKkfud vOkèkkj.kkvksa ds vuqlkj fnd~&dky dk mn~Hko ghml le; gksrk gSA gk¡] fuf'pr rkSj ij ;g dgk tk ldrkgS fd gekjh voèkkj.kk,¡ vèkwjh gSa vkSj gks ldrk gS fd u,iz;ksxksa ds ckn ;s voèkkj.kk,¡ x+yr lkfcr gks vkSj ge tkuik;sa fd fcx cSax le; dh 'kq#vkr Fkh ;k ugha\ D;ksafdgkfdax&gkVZy dh voèkkj.kk iQkbueSu ds ikFk b.Vhxzy(iFk vodfyr) i¼fr esa] tks ,d fuxeukRed i¼fr gS],d dfYir mn~Hko dh voLFkk (;g ,dyrk ;k flaX;qySfjVhugha gS!) tksM+dj ekStwnk czãk.M dks O;k[;kf;r djus dkiz;kl djrh gSA

ogha isujkst+ ds lkFk feydj mUgksaus ,d vU; ekWMyfn;k gS ftlesa mUgksaus dgk gS fd czãk.M dh 'kq#vkr,dyrk ls gksrh gSA gWkfdax Hkh okLrfod le; ls NqVdkjkugha ikuk pkgrs gSa cfYd [kkstuk pkgrs gSaA ,axsYl dgha Hkhvius le; ds foKku dh lhekvksa dks ikj dj dYiuk yksdesa ugha x,A cl mUgksaus dqN vke izLFkkiuk,¡ nha tks fd mlle; ds foKku ds dfYir czãk.M vkSj mlds mn~fodkl dsvuqlkj Fkhaa vkSj mu vOkèkkj.kkvksa dks [+kkfjt fd;k tkscscqfu;kn FkhaA vkxs os usC;qyj F;ksjh ij M~Ôqgfjax dh vkykspukdjrs gq, dgrs gSa] ¶ledkyhu foKku] nqHkkZX; ls bl iz.kkyhls M~Ôqgfjax dh bPNk iwfrZ ugha gks ldrhA vU; iz'uksa dhrjg bl iz'u dk Hkh ;g tokc ugha ns ikrh fd esa<d dhiw¡N D;ksa ugha gksrh\ bldk ;gh tokc fn;k tk ldrk gS fdos viuh iw¡N [kks pqds gSa ijUrq blij dksbZ pgd mBs fd;g rks loky dks èkq¡èkys] vèkwjs fopkj ij NksM+uk gS vkSj fd;g gokbZ ckr gS] rks ;g nksuksa gh #[+k x+yr gksaxs D;ksafdfoKku dks uSfrdrk dh dlkSVh ij ugha dlk tk ldrk gSAukilUnxh vkSj cqjs fetkt+ dk ç;ksx gj txg fd;k tkldrk gS vkSj blhfy, dHkh Hkh dgha Hkh bldk ç;ksx ughafd;k tkuk pkfg,A¸ ;kuh ,axsYl ds vuqlkj foKku dsloky ,sfrgkfld rkSj Ikj lkisf{kd gksrs gSaA inkFkZ dh lVhdifjHkk"kk ,axsYl ;g j[krs gSa& ¶inkFkZ tSlk gS og fopkj dh'kq¼ jpuk gS vkSj ,d vewrhZdj.k gSA ge oLrqvksa dsvyx&vyx xq.kksa dks gVkdj HkkSfrd :i ls ekStwn oLrqvksadks inkFkZ dh voèkkj.kk ds vUrxZr j[krs gaSA blfy, inkFkZvius vki esa inkFkZ ds ekStwn va'kksa ls vyx bUæh; cksèk dsfy, vfLrRoeku ugha gSA tc izkd`frd foKku ,sls ,d:iinkFkZ ^vius vki esa* dks [kkstus fy, d+ne mBkrk gS]ftlesa xq.kkRed Hksnksa dks egt ek=kkRed Hksn rd vIkpf;r


fd;k tkrk gS_ oSlk gh gS tSls psjh] uk'kikrh o lsc dh txgiQy [kkstuk] ;k fiQj fcfYy;ksa] dqÙkksa] HksM+ksa vkfn dh txgtkuoj vius vki esa* dks [kkstuk---¸ rFkk ¶inkFkZ HkkSfrdoLrqvksa ds dqy leqPp; ds flok dqN ugha gS ftlls ;gfl¼kUr tUek gS rFkk xfr vkSj dqN ugha cl laf{kIrhdj.kgSa ftuesa ge rjg&rjg dh bfUæ;ksa }kjk cksèkxE; oLrqvksa dksmuds leku xq.kksa ds dkj.k le> ikrs gSa---blfy, inkFkZ rFkkxfr vyx&vyx HkkSfrd oLrqvksa vkSj xfr ds :iksa dhiM+rky }kjk gh tkuk tk ldrk gS rFkk bUgsa tkudj gh geinkFkZ o xfr dks ,d gn rd vius vki esa tku ldrs gSaA¸ge Hkh vkxs blh ifjHkk"kk dk iz;ksx djsaxsA

ysfuu dh inkFkZ dh ifjHkk"kk o mudsle; dk foKku

ysfuu us ek[k+okn vkSj uo&dk.Vokfn;ksa ds }kjkekDlZokn ij geys dk tokc nsrs gq, vuqHkofl¼ vkykspukvkSj HkkSfrdokn* iqLrd fy[kh FkhA ;g og le; Fkk tcjsfM;ks,fDVfoVh [kksth tk pqdh Fkh] v.kq dh lajpuk Hksn djbysDVªkWu dk laKku gqvk] HkkSfrdh dh lakf[;dh o lw{exfrdh vyx fo"k; ds :i esa vè;;u fd;s tk jgs FksA ;ghavksLRokYM] ek[k+ vkSj iksbads;j us HkkSfrdokn ij geykcksykA izkd`frd foKku ds {ks=k esa eps ladV ds 'kksj vkSjinkFkZ x+k;c gksus ds 'kksj dk tokc nsrs gq, ysfuu fy[krs gSa]¶tc HkkSfrd'kkL=kh dgrs gSa fd ¶inkFkZ xk;c gks x;k¸mudk eryc gS fd vc rd foKku viuh iM+rky dh rhulkjHkwr vOkèkkj.kkvksa& inkFkZ] fo|qr~ vkSj bZFkj dks ekurkFkk_ tks fd vc igys crk;h x;h nks vOkèkkj.kkvksa esa fleVx;k gSSA D;ksafd vc inkFkZ dks fo|qr~ esa vIkpf;r fd;k tkldrk gS] ,d v.kq dks vR;Ur NksVs lkSj e.My ljh[kkekudj le>k tk ldrk gS ftlesa usxsfVo bysDVªkWu ikWftfVoukfHkdh; dsaæ ds pkjksa vksj ,d fuf'pr xfr ls ?kwerk gS---¸ ;kuh fd ml le; Hkh u;h oSKkfud [kkstkas ds cknHkkSfrdokn ij geyk cksyk x;k ftldk tokc ysfuu mlle; dh HkkSfrdh }kjk [khaps ;FkkFkZ }kjk is'k dj jgs FksA lw{etxr ds }Sèk pfj=k vkSj xq#Ro ds vke fl¼kUr ls os ifjfprugha FksA ijUrq blds ckotwn ysfuu fy[krs gSa] ¶inkFkZ x+k;cgks x;k eryc fd og lhek ftls vc rd ge tkurs Fksmlesaaa inkFkZ x+k;c gks jgk gS rFkk [kqn os xq.k tks fd fujis{kyxrs Fks] os lkis{k rFkk inkFkZ ds xq.kksa ds :i esa igpkus tkjgs gSaA (vpyrk] tM+rk] Hkkj vkfn) vkSj tks vc lkis{kgSa cl inkFkZ ds ,d Lrj ds xq.kkas ds :i esa igpkus tk jgsgaaSA¸

bl dFku ds en~nsut+j D;k ;g iz'u ugha iwNk tkldrk gS fd ysfuu ds bl dFku dk lkekU;hdj.k ekStwnkHkkSfrdh ds iz'ukas (czãk.M dk mn~Hko ;k mn~fodkl) dks gydjus esa ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS\ gesa yxrk gS fd ysfuuds ¶inkFkZ dh fo"k;&oLrq ekStwnk le; ls fHkUu gSA vius

le; ds foKku ds ckjs esa ysfuu fy[krs gSa] ¶;kaf=kdh eè;eosx dh okLrfod xfr dk izfrfcEc Fkh rks u;h HkkSfrdhnSR;kdkj osx ds okLrfod xfr dk izfrfcEcu gS---bysDVªkWuds fy, ,d v.kq ,slk gS tSls bl fdrkc ds iw.kZ fojke(vaxzsth dk iw.kZ fojke dk fpg~u] ,d fcUnq) ds fy, ,dnks lkS iQqV yEch] lkS iQqV pkSM+h vkSj ipkl iQqV Å¡ph(ykWt) ehukjA ;g nks yk[k lÙkj gt+kj fdeh izfr lsds.Mdh jÝ+rkj ls ?kwerk gS] mldk Hkkj Hkh mlds osx dk iQyu(iQaD'ku) gksrk gS_ ;g ,d lsds.M esa ik¡p lkS yk[k djksM+pDdj dkVrk gS] ;g lc iqjkuh ;kaf=kdh ls fcydqy vyxgS_ ijUrq fiQj Hkh ;g inkFkZ dh fnd~ vkSj dky esa xfr gSA¸vkt ge tkurs gSa fd okLrfod rLohj ij vkt gekjkfoKku vkxs c<+ pqdk gS] Dok.Ve txr us inkFkZ esa vlrr~vkSj lrr~ ds }U}] rjax vkSj d.k ds }U} ds :i esa v.kqdh rLohj dks le>k gSA lkFk gh loky dk nk;jk bldhlajpuk dk gh ugha cfYd [kqn iwjs txr ds fodkl ;k mn~Hkodk cu x;k gS] Dok.Ve txr ds fu;eksa ds mn~Hko dk cux;k gSA ,axsYl ds le; esa foKku dk eq[; iz'u inkFkZ dsfofHkUu :iksa ds chp cnyko dk Fkk vkSj ekStwnk fo'o dhrLohj dks le>us rd tkrk Fkk] ogha ysfuu ds le; esa ;gmUgha :iksa ds Hkhrj u, Lrjksa vkSj muds u, xq.kksa ds mtkxjgksus rFkk u;h lajpuk dh rLohj rd igq¡pk FkkA HkkSfrdoknij Hkh geyk inkFkZ ds u, xq.kksa dks inkFkZ ls ijs crkus ls]fopkjksa }kjk inkFkZ ds fuekZ.k gksus dh izLFkkiukvksa ls fd;kx;kA inkFkZ ds u, xq.kksa dk igys gekjh psruk }kjk cksèk ugksuk gh] ;kuh ekuo Kku ds lkis{k gksus ds xq.k dks ghbLrseky dj lkis{krkokn dks LFkkfir dj fn;k x;kA blfy,ysfuu us :lh ek[kokfn;ks dks tokc fn;k vkSj foKku dsvUnj iui jgs ¶HkkSfrd¸ Hkkookn ds dkj.kksa dh iM+rky dhvkSj bls cqtZqvk fopkjèkkjk ds foKku ds vUnj ?kqlus ds :iesa O;k[;kf;r fd;kA ysfuu ds fy, inkFkZ dh ifjHkk"kk,axsYl dh ifjHkk"kk ls fHkUu gSA bl ifjHkk"kk esa inkFkZ dhvl`Tkuh;rk vkSj vuUrrk ij t+ksj ugha gS_ mlds egtoLrqxr ;FkkFkZ ds gksus dh nk'kZfudrk ij vfèkd gks tkrkgSA HkkSfrd ;FkkFkZ ds LorU=k vfLrRo vkSj mlds fodkl dsvykok ,axsYl ds fy, dksbZ vifjorZuh;rk ekU; ugha FkhAdksbZ Hkh vifjorZuh;rk] dksbZ vkSj lkjHkwrr% fujis{k rRotSlk fd [kks[kys n'kZuksa us is'k fd;k] ekDlZ&,axsYl ds fy,ugha ekStwn FkkA oLrqvksa dh lkjHkwrrk ;k rRo Hkh lkis{k gSaA;g egt ekuoh; Kku dh oLrqvksa dh xgu le> fn[kkrsgSaA

,axsYl us inkFkZ txr esa oLrq&fut&:i vkSjoLrq&gekjs&fy, esa iQdZ djrs gq, inkFkZ dh voèkkj.kk esabls ikW.Mjscy* (ftldk cksèk fd;k tk lds) o bEikW.Mjscy*(ftldk cksèk u fd;k tk lds) ds chp esa ck¡Vk FkkA bZFkjvkSj fo|qr dh xfr o inkFkZ ds :i esa ,axsYl us izd`fr dk}U}okn* iqLrd esa rFkk ysfuu us Hkh vuqHkofl¼ vkykspuk*


(Kkr gks fd îzd`fr dk }U}okn* ysfuu ds thoudky esaugha Ni ldh Fkh) esa Hkh blh 'kCnkoyh dk bLrseky fd;kgSA inkFkZ vkSj xfr dh voèkkj.kk j[krs gq, ,axsYl vkSjysfuu nksuksa us gh inkFkZ dks Hkh cksèk fd;s tk ldus okys ocksèk u fd;s tk ldus okys inkFkZ esa ck¡Vk FkkA ;g fdlhnk'kZfud iwokZxzg dh otg ls ugha cfYd izkdfrd ifj?kVukvksads dkj.k bLrseky fd;k x;k FkkA ;g izkd`frd foKku }kjkn'kZu dk lw=khdj.k FkkA ysfdu ,axsYl vkSj ysfuu nksuksa dsle; izkd`frd foKku us czãk.M ds fodkl ds loky dksis'k fd;k Fkk] mn~Hko dk loky ,axsYl ds lkeus ekStwn Fkkysfdu og Hkh fliZQ+ bl :i esa fd inkFkZ fdl rjg Å"ekdks fiQj ls gkfly djsxk vkSj izdfr dk }U}okn* esa ,axsYlus ,d txg czãk.M ds fiQj ls usCkqyk tSlh voLFkk esa tkusdk vUnkt+k yxk;k gSA ysfdu ;g egt ,d vkdyu Fkk]og Hkh ml le; ds foKku ds vuqlkj] ijUrq vkt gekjslkeus iz'u leLr czãk.M ds mn~Hko ;k mn~fodkl dk gSAvkt vkèkqfud HkkSfrdh ds lkeus loky inkFkZ dh cksèk dhtk ldus okyh vkSj u cksèk dh tk ldus okyh lajpukvkasvkSj xfr dk ugha gS cfYd loky rks ;g gS fd D;k ;g ,dfuf'pr le; ij vfLrRo esa vk;k Fkk\ vkèkqfud HkkSfrdhbl loky dks [kqyk loky ekurh gS fd ;g mn~Hko Fkk ;kigys ls ekStwn inkFkZ txr dh fuf'pr lajpuk ls gh fcxcSax* ljh[kh ifj?kVuk gqbZA ysfuu viuh iqLrd esa fM,V~t+sudks m¼r djrs gSa] ¶oLrqxr oSKkfud Kku ds dkj.kksa dhiM+rky vuqHko ls o vkxeukRed gksdj djrk gS u fdfo'okl o vkdyu ls] , iksLVfj;ksjh gksdj] u dh , izk;ksjhgksdj¸ (ekuo efLr"d ds dke djus dk rjhdk)A fM,V~t+sudk lUnHkZ Hkkookn ds , izk;ksjh ls gS] D;ksafd gj }Unoknh Hkh, izk;ksjh }U}kRed gksrk gSA ijUrq oLrqxr rF;ksa ds lUnHkZesa mls , iksLVfj;ksjh gksuk iM+rk gSA ;gk¡ n'kZu gekjh enndjrk gS] ij ;g iwNus ds fy, ugha fd esaa<d dh iw¡N D;ksaugha gksrh ;k ¶Lor%&leku voLFkk¸ dks ?kksf"kr dj nsus esaAge ifj?kVukvksa dh Jà[kykvksa dks tksM+dj muds rRoksa ;kHkkSfrd vo;oksa dks <w¡<+rs gSa vkSj fiQj mldh vUrZoLrq rdigq¡prs gSa] ekDlZokn dk Kku dk fl¼kUr ;gh gSA gesa HkhekStwnk leL;k dks blh n`f"Vdks.k ls ns[kuk gksxkA rkdsrkuhds ¶f=kLrjh; fl¼kUr¸ lsA blh ds }kjk }U}kRed HkkSfrdoknizkdfrd foKku dks jkLrk fn[kk ldrk gSA ge vc bUgha rhulaLrjkas ij inkFkZ dh voèkkj.kk dks le>us dk iz;kl djsaxs&ifj?kVuk Lrj ij] HkkSfrd vo;okas ds Lrj ij o vUrZoLrqds Lrj ijA

inkFkZ dh ekStwnk voèkkj.kk vkSjifj?kVuk Lrj

ekStwnk czãk.M ds vUnj ?kV jgh dqN ?kVukvksa us ;giz'u iSnk fd;k fd czãk.M dh lajpuk igys dSlh Fkh\ gcyVsfyLdksi ls yh x;h rLohjksa ds vkèkkj ij] czãk.M dh

reke vkdk'kxaxkvksa o rkjksa dk i`Foh vkSj ,d nwljs ls nwjtkuk (gcy fu;e)] czãk.M dh ogr~ lajpuk (yktZ LdsyLVªDpj) o gYdss rRoksa (gkbMªkstu] ghfy;e vkfn) dhekStwnxh tSlh ifj?kVukvksa dks le>kus dk iz;kl djrs gq,gh foKku fcx cSax fl¼kUr rd igq¡pk gSA dbZ u, rF; Hkhfeys gSa tSls] xq#Ro ysaflax ftlus MkdZ eSVj dh voèkkj.kkdks tUe fn;k rFkk ,slh dbZ leL;k,¡ gSa ftudk gekjs ikltokc ugha gSA ;s os ifj?kVuk,¡ gSa tks Dok.Ve txr vkSjo`gr~ txr ds fu;ekas] Dok.Ve HkkSfrdh vkSj lkisf{kdrk dsfl¼kUr ds dkj.k lsds.M ds cgqr NksVs fgLls ls le>k;hx;haA fcx cSax fl¼kUr us czãk.M dks ,d egkfoLiQksV lsmn~Hko gksrs gq, ekuk gS] LVSaMMZ ekWMy Hkh blh egkfoLiQksVds ckn lsds.M ds cgqr NksVs ls fgLls ds ckn fuokZr vkSjfgXl iQ+hYM] fgXl cqlkWu dks fufeZr gksrs gq, ns[krk gS tksvU; cqfu;knh d.kksa dks Hkkj nsrk gSA reke vkdk'kxaxkvksadk Rofjr xfr ls ,d nwljs ls nwj tkuk] cSdxzkm.M jsfM,'kudk ,dleku forj.k o Åij crk;h ifj?kVuk,¡ ,slh gaSftudk vkaf'kd gy gh ekStwn gSA ;gh lc feydj ifj?kVukdk ,slk cquk gqvk tky cukrs gSa tks iwjh rjg cqf¼ dks my>knsrs gSaA Iykad uked VsfyLdksi czãk.M dh mez 1303 djksM+70 yk[k lky crkrk gSA vkb;s vc ge bl ifj?kVuk dstky dks Hksndj bl fl¼kUr ds HkkSfrd vo;oksa rd igq¡pusdh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA

ifj?kVuk ls HkkSfrd vo;oksa o rRoksa dhiM+rky djrh HkkSfrdh

fcx cSax ekWMy] bUÝ+ys'ujh F;ksjh] LVS.MMZ ekWMyczãk.M dh ,d rLohj cukrs gSaA fcx cSax] ftls 'kq#vkrekuk tkrk gS mls ,d ,dyrk (flaX;qySfjVh) ls 'kq: gksrkgqvk crk;k x;k gS] tgk¡ inkFkZ vuUr ?kuRo fy, ,dyrkds fcUnq rd lhfer gksrk gS rFkk tgk¡ ij foKku ds ekSTkwnkfu;e dke ugha djrs gSaA bl fcUnq ls vkxs egkfoLiQksV dsckn fuokZfrr vkSj Hkkjghu cqfu;knh d.k cus vkSj fiQj ,d&,ddjds reke vyx cqfu;knh vUrZfØ;k,¡ (b.VjSD'ku) vfLrRoesa vk;s vkSj muls lEcfUèkr cqlkWu Hkh vfLrRo esa vk;sA ;ghals foLrkfjr gksrs gq, xq#Ro us fnd~&dky dk ekStwnk :ifn;kA vHkh Hkh ;g r; ugha gS fd 'kq#vkr ,dyrk ls gqbZ;k inkFkZ ds gh fdlh vU; :i ls gqbZ FkhA [kqn gkWfdax blij nks vofLFkfr;k¡ j[krs gSa (gkfdax&gkVZy ekWMy ogkfdax&isujkst+ ekWMy) vkSj [kqn bl vofLFkfr dks [kqysiz'u ds :i esa j[krs gSa fd fcx cSax dh txg vU; fl¼kUrHkh ekStwnk czãk.M dks O;k[;kf;r dj ldrs gSa] gkyk¡fd os[kqn fdlh Hkh ^F;ksjh iQkWj ,ojhfFkax* ds feyus ls budkjdjrs gSaA ijUrq bl F;ksjh iQkWj ,ojhfFkax* dh nkosnkj fLVªaxF;ksjh o Dok.Ve ywi F;ksjh Hkh ekStwnk czãk.M ds HkkSfrdvo;oksa dks O;k[;kf;r djrh gSa vkSj xq#Ro rFkk Dok.Vetxr dks ,dhdr djrh gSaA bu fl¼kUrksaa ds ewy izLFkkiukvksa


vkSj mlds }Un dks le>krk gSA Dok.Ve iQ+hYM F;ksjh Hkhlw{e Lrj ij xfr o fnd~&dky ds vUrxqZaFku ls inkFkZ dsvlrr~ O;ogkj dks le>krh gS ftuds fof'k"V vUrZfojksèkksals gh cqfu;knh d.k curs gSaA fuokZr] fnd~&dky] Hkkj] xfrvc inkFkZ dh lajpuk dks O;k[;kf;r djrs gSaA inkFkZ dksle>us ds fy, bu vo;okas ds chp vkilh O;Okgkj dksle>uk gksrk gSA ijUrq fcx cSax ds le; gekjk ekStwnkfoKku bUgsa Hkh O;k[;kf;r djus esa ukdke;kc gS] blfy,ml ifjfLFkfr dks ge inkFkZ dh fof'k"V voèkkj.kk ds vUnju Mkydj HkkSfrd ;FkkFkZ dh voèkkj.kk esa Mkydj le>ldrs gSaA xfr] fnd~&dky] inkFkZ dh vOkèkkj.kk,¡ HkkSfrd;FkkFkZ dh fof'k"V voèkkj.kk,¡ gSaA tc rd foKku HkkSfrd;FkkFkZ ds vUrZxr inkFkZ vkSj xfr ds Lo:i dks gy ughadj ysrk ;kuh bl ifj?kVuk ds tky dks Hksn dj mldsHkkSfrd vo;o ugha irk yxk ysrk] ge mldh vUrZoLrq dks}U}kRed HkkSfrdoknh gksrs gq, HkkSfrd ;FkkFkZ dh voèkkj.kkds vUrZxr gh Mky ldrs gSaA vxj ekStwnk HkkSfrdh fcx cSaxdks inkFkZ ds mn~Hko ds :i esa crkrh gS rks ;g foKku dhx+yrh ugha gSA os ekStwnk cksèkxE; inkFkZ ds mn~Hko dks inkFkZdk mn~Hko ekurs gSaA ;gk¡ ge tc dg jgs gSa fd inkFkZ dhvoèkkj.kk reke ifj?kVukvksa dks ugha le>krh gS rks geikWy ekfRrd }kjk inkFkZ dh voèkkj.kk dh viw.kZrk lslger ugha gSaA ikWy ekfRrd foKku esa dk.Voknh HkVdkoiSnk djrs gSa] lw{e txr esa oLrqxrrk ls budkj dj osekDlZokn ij] cksY'ksfoT+e ij geyk cksyrs gSaA lw{e txrds vUnj ekStwn vfu'fprrk dks os oLrqxr lR; ds budkjdk lcwr ekurs gSaA ;g dksjh cdokl gSA ogh iqjkuk jkx gSftldk tokc ,axsYl vkSj ysfuu ns pqds gSaA os ifj?kVuk dksdk.Voknh vcw> oLrq&fut&:i esa cny nsrs gSaA psuksZo dhvkykspuk djrs gq, ysfuu us fy[kk gS] ¶oLrq&fut&:ivkSj ifj?kVuk ds chp fu'fpr gh dksbZ vUrj ugha gksrk gSvkSj u gh gks ldrk gSA ,d ek=k vUrj Kkr vkSj vKkrds chp gksrk gSA nksuksa ds chp lhekvksa dks [kM+k djus okyhnk'kZfud [kkstas] ,slh [kkstsa tks oLrq&fut&:i dks ifj?kVukls ijs* ekurh gSa (dk.V)---;g lc dksjh cdokl gSA¸ ikWyekfRrd dh ;g vkykspuk Hkh dksjh cdokl gSA

Li"V gS fd HkkSfrd ;FkkFkZ ds reke HkkSfrd vo;ovKkr gSa ij ;gh vkxs Kkr vkSj u, vKkr esa VwVsaxsA ekStwnkHkkSfrdh ds Lrj ds vuqlkj ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd fcxcSax (;k fcx ckmUl] ;k czãk.Mksa dk Vdjko ;k dqN vkSj)tSlh ifj?kVuk Hkh HkkSfrd ;FkkFkZ dk fgLlk gSA fgXl cqlkWudk feyuk bl xqRFkh dks lqy>kus dh rjiQ foKku dk ,dc<+k gqvk dne gSA vc rd geus ;g ns[kk fd dSls foKku, iksLVfj;ksjh }a}kRed HkkSfrdokn dks fodflr djrk gSAys[k ds vxys fgLls esa ge ;g ns[ksaxs dh n'kZu , izk;ksjhfoKku dks dSls jkLrk fn[kkrk gSA

l

esa u tkdj ge buds }kjk czãk.M dh rLohj cuk;saxsA fLVªaxF;ksjh ds vuqlkj inkFkZ dk lcls cqfu;knh (!) vo;o fLVªaxgksrk gS vkSj czãk.M ds foLrkfjr gksus o 'kq#vkr esa foLiQksVdks njvly nks cM+s czãk.Mksa ds Vdjkus ls le>k tk ldrkgS_ ;g dksbZ mn~Hko ugha gS cl czãk.Mkas dk vkilh VdjkoFkk o bl rjg dh ifj?kVuk,¡ vke gSa] vufxur czãk.Mksa dschp gekjk czãk.M vdsyk ugha gSA ;g fl¼kUr ,axsYl dhinkFkZ dh vuUrrk dh voèkkj.kk ds vuqdwy gSA Dok.Veywi F;ksjh ds vuqlkj fcx cSax fcx ckmUl gS_ ;kuh gekjkczãk.M dbZa fcx cSax tSls foLiQksVksa ls gksdj xqt+jk gS vkSjgj fcx cSax ds ckn ,d fcx Øap (fldqM+uk) gksrk gSA ;gHkh ,axsYl ds mlh dFku ds vuqlkj gS ftlesa inkFkZ vuojrcnyko ds pØ esa pyrk gSA ijUrq ;s nksuks gh fl¼kUr vHkhlkfcr gksus gSaA

inkFkZ dh vUrZoLrqµekStwnk le; dkfoKku

,axsYl vkSj ysfuu ds le; inkFkZ o xfr dh voèkkj.kkizkd`frd foKku dh lhekvksa ds vuqlkj FkhA ,axsYl dk ;glkekU;hdj.k fd ¶inkFkZ HkkSfrd oLrqvksa ds dqy leqPp;ds flok dqN ugha gS] ftlls ;g fl¼kUr tUek gS rFkk xfrvkSj dqN ugha cl laf{kIrhdj.k gS ftuesa ge rjg&rjg dhbfUæ;ksa }kjk cksèkxE; oLrqvksa dks muds leku xq.kksa ds dkj.kle> ikrs gSa¸] ifjHkk"kk ds rkSj ij fcydqy lVhd gS vkSjblh ifjHkk"kk ls ns[ksa rks vkt HkkSfrd oLrqvksa dks le>us dsfy, Dok.Ve txr ds Lrj o T;kferh; Lrj ij le>us dsfy, Dok.Ve HkkSfrdh vkSj lkisf{kdrk ds fl¼kUr ls vyxO;k[;kf;r fd;s tkrs gSaA nksuksa fl¼kUr }a}kRed HkkSfrdoknds vUrZxr inkFkZ ds vyx&vyx laLrjksaa ds fu;eksa dklkekU;hdj.k gSa ijUrq inkFkZ ds fdlh ,d :i tSls ,d rkjsds vUnj nksuksa fu;e ,d lkFk dke djrs gSa fiQj Hkh nksuksaesa vHkh rd dksbZ ,d:irk ugha gSA fcx cSax ds le;],dyrk] lkisf{kdrk fl¼kUr dh gh Hkfo";ok.kh gS ftlesa[kqn ;g fl¼kUr dk;Z ugha djrk gSA ,dyrk ij Dok.VeHkkSfrdh Hkh dke ugha djrh gSA ;gh og vUrfoZjksèk gS ftlusHkkSfrdh ds vkèkqfud ladV dks tUe fn;k gS vkSj tks fiNys50&60 lkyksa ls ,d fodjky :i ys pqdk gSA gekjs foKkudh lhek ;g gS fd ;g vHkh ugha dgk tk ldrk gS fd fcxcSax ds le; ds xfr ds fu;e dSls Fks vkSj blls igys D;kFkk\ loky inkFkZ ds ekStwnk gj cksèkxE; vkSj vcksèkxE; :ids gh mn~Hko dk gS! gj cksèkxE; xq.k ds vfLrRo esa vkusdk loky gS] fuf'pr rkSj ij blls igys dqN ugha*] Hkko]'kSrku ;k Hkxoku ugha FkkA bl vKkr] vcksèkxE;* dks D;kdgk tk,\ vcksèkxE; inkFkZ\ pfy, vc inkFkZ dh voèkkj.kkij Hkh ckr dj ysrs gSaA lkisf{kdrk fl¼kUr inkFkZ dksT;kfefr (fnd~&dky vkSj xq#Ro) vkSj Hkkj (xq#Ro) dsvUrZ}U} esa ck¡Vdj le>krk gSA xfr rFkk inkFkZ ds :ikUrj.k


lp dks gksuk gS lp dh rjgfd cph jgs mldh ft+Unkfnyh_tSls cknyksa esa pedrh fctyh]rIr èkjrh ij fxjrh cw¡n]vkSj èkjrh ls mBrh lksUèkh xUèk lp gSAvkSj ;g vkèkk lp gS fd iQkSykn fi?kyrk gSngdrh HkfV~B;ksa esa Vgdnkj dks;ys ls]dgks fd iwjk lp ;g gS_fd iQkSykn fi?kyrk gS xje ilhus ds lkFkgekjh èkefu;ksa ds xje ygw ds rki ls]lp gS fd vkèkqfud Kku ds iqjksèkkgesa vKkuh dgrs gSavkSj ;g Hkh lp gS fd mudh gj pht+]^vKkfu;ksa* dh m¡xfy;ksa dh ltZuk gS_lp gS fdgekjs fgLls ds Kku ij dq.Myh ekjdj cSBsgekjs fgLls dh lEink ij dq.Myh ekjdj cSB x, gSaD;k ;g t+:jh ugha gS fd lkjs fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds eBkèkh'kksa dks[kVk;k tk; [ksrksa&[kfygkuksa vkSj IkQSfDVª;ksa esa

lkfgR;

fd mRiknu dk lp le>k;k tk ldsAfd lp dks le>us ds fy,phtksa dks myV nsuk t+:jh gSfd tSls ueh dks tkuus ds fy, 'kq"drkmtkys ds fy, vUèksjk vkSjfnu dks tkuus ds fy, jkrvkSj vkt+knh dks tkuus ds fy, t+:jh gS_gekjs fnyksa esa tT+c tT+ckr dh rM+i dks le>uk]oSls gh gesa tkuus ds fy, t+:jh gSfd ,d fnu&,d fnu rqe [+kqnrIr yksgs dh NM+ eksM+dj ns[kks]dh ;g egt+ dkxt+ ij ydhj [khap nsuk Hkj ugha gS_gekjh cuk;h vVV~kfydk esa cSBdjgekjs fy, r; djuk gekjh esgur dh dher;g vkt dk lp gSrqEgkjk lp_ge bls myV nsuk pkgrs gSafd lp dks eqnksaZ ds gokys ugha NksM+k tk;fd lp ft+Unk gS mls ft+Unxh ds lkFk gksuk gSA

izse izdk'k dh dfork

gekjk lp vkSj mudk lp

vkàku* ds IkkBdksa ls ,d vihynksLrks] ¶vkàku¸ lkjs ns'k esa py jgs oSdfYid ehfM;k ds iz;klksa dh ,d dM+h gSA ge lÙkk izfr"Bkuksa] i+Qf.Max ,tsafl;ksa]

iw¡thoknh ?kjkuksa ,oa pqukoh jktuhfrd nyksa ls fdlh Hkh :i esa vkfFkZd lg;ksx ysuk ?kksj vuFkZdkjh ekurs gSaA gekjh n`<+ ekU;rkgS fd turk dk oSdfYid ehfM;k fli+QZ tu lalkèkuksa ds cwrs [kM+k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

,d yEcs le; ls fcuk fdlh fo+QLe dk le>kSrk fd;s ¶vkàku¸ lrr izpkfjr&izdkf'kr gks jgh gSA vkidks ekywegks fd foxr dbZ vadksa ls if=kdk vkfFkZd ladV dk lkeuk dj jgh gSA ,sls esa ¶vkàku¸ vius reke ikBdksa] lg;ksfx;ksa lslg;ksx dh vis{kk djrh gSA ge vki lHkh lg;ksfx;ksa] 'kqHkfpUrdksa ls vihy djrs gSa fd os viuh vksj ls vfèkdre lEHkovkfFkZd lg;ksx Hkstdj ifjorZu ds bl gfFk;kj dks et+cwrh iznku djsaA vki µ 1- vkthou lnL;rk xzg.k dj lg;ksx djldrs gSaA 2- vius fe=kksa dks ¶vkàku¸ dh lnL;rk fnyok;saA 3- ¶vkàku¸ ds en esa vkfFkZd lg;ksx HkstsaA vkSj ¶vkàku¸ds forj.k esa yxs lg;ksfx;ksa ls vihy gS fd os if=kdk dh Hkqxrku jkf'k ;FkklEHko 'kh?kz izsf"kr djkus dh O;oLFkk djsaA

vki viuk lg;ksx@lnL;rk jkf'k fuEufyf[kr [kkrk ua- esa Hkh izsf"kr dj ldrs gSaaA ;g t+:jh gS fd vkfFkZd lg;ksxHkstrs le; gesa lwfpr vo'; dj nsaA

Ikzfr µ eqfDrdkeh Nk=kkas&;qokvksa dk vkàku] cSad vkWi+Q cM+kSnk] [kkrk ua- µ 21360100010629lkfHkoknu]

lEiknd


vkt+knh ds 67 o"kZ ds ekSds ijlkaLd`frd dk;ZØe¶fdLlk&,&vkt+knh mi+QZ 67 lkykcckZnh¸ dk vk;kstu

vkt+knh dh 67oha o"kZxk¡B ds volj ij djkoyuxjesa vkt+knh dh iwoZlaè;k ij ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk] fn'kk Nk=klaxBu] fcxqy et+nwj nLrk o djkoyuxj et+nwj ;wfu;u dsl;qaDr cSuj rys ,d lkaLÑfrd dk;ZØe dk vk;kstu fd;kx;kA mijksDr dk;ZØedk dk ' k h " k Zd¶fdLlk&, &vkt+knhmi+QZ 67 lkyk cckZnh¸F k h A d k; ZØe dh'kq#vkr djrs gq, ds-,e-;w- ds uohu dqekju s cr k; k fd bldk;ZØe dk edlnvkt + k n h d s L; kgigyqvk s a dks mtkxjdjuk gSA fiNys 67o"kks Z a dh vkt+knh dhdqy tek cSysal 'khV;g gS fd ns'k ds 90iQhlnh lalkèkuks a ijeqV~BhHkj yksxksa dk dCt+kg S rF k k cg ql a[;dukxfjd vkcknh ewyHkwrukxfjd lqfoèkkvksa ls Hkheg:e gSA ,sls esa ;gloky mBuk ykft+eh gSfd ;s fdldh vkt+knh gS\ dk;ZØe dh 'kq:vkr ØkfUrdkjhxhr ^rksM+ks cUèku rksM+ks* ls gqbZA blds ckn ekStnwk lalnh;O;oLFkk dh okLrfodrk dks mtkxj djrs gq, xq#'kj.k flagdk Ikzfl¼ ukVd ^gokbZ xksys* ds la'kksfèkr laLdj.k ^ns[kiQdhjs yksdrU=k dk iQwgM+ uaxk ukp* fogku lkaLÑfrd eap}kjk izLrqr fd;k x;k ftlesa ns'k dh lalnh; O;oLFkk o Hkz"Vjktusrkvksa ds pfj=k dks mtkxj djrs gq, ;g fn[kyk;k x;kfd ekStwnk laln fliZQ cglckt+h dk vM~Mk cudj jg x;hgSA blds ckn esgurd'k vkSjr dh dgkuh* ukVd dk eapufd;k x;kA iQSt+ ds xhr ^ge esgurd'k txokyksa ls* dhizLrqfr Hkh dh x;hA

dk;ZØe esa fcxqy et+nwj nLrk ds vt; us lHkk dkslEcksfèkr djrs gq, dgk fd 15 vxLr] 1947 dks Hkkjrvkt+kn rks gqvk ysfdu ;s vkt+knh ns'k ds pUn vehjt+knksa

dh frtksfj;ksa esa dSn gksdj jg x;h gSA okLrfod vkt+knh dkvFkZ ;g dÙkbZ ugha gS fd ,d rjiQ rks Hkkjrh; [kk| fuxeds xksnkeksa esa vukt lM+ tkrk gS ogha nwljh rjiQ jkst+kuk9000 cPps Hkw[k o dqiks"k.k ls ne rksM+ nsrs gSaA Hkxrflag ds'kCnks esa vkt+knh dk vFkZ ;g dÙkbZ ugha Fkk fd xksjs vaxzstksadh txg dkys vaxzst vkdj ge ij dkfct+ gks tk;saA ns'kdh turk fiNys 66 lkyksa ds li+Qjukes ls le> pqdh gS fd;s vkt+knh Hkxrflag o muds lkfFk;ksa ds liuksa dh vkt+knhugha gS tgk¡ ij 84 djksM+ vkcknh #- 20 izfrfnu ij xqt+kjkdjrh gks rFkk fiNys 15 o"kksZa esa <kbZ yk[k ls T+;knk fdlkuvkRegR;k dj pqds gksa] ogha laln& foèkkulHkkvksa esa cSBusokys usrkvksa&eaf=k;ksa u fli+QZ mQ¡ps osru mBk jgs gSa cfYd mUgsagj lqfoèkk yxHkx fu'kqYd izkIr gS vkSj mQij ls dkjiksjsV

?kjkuksa ds lkFk feydjfd;s tkus okys Hkz"Vkpkjls gksus okyh djksM+ksa dhdekbZA

l k a L d ` f r ddk; ZØe e a s v kx sØkfUrdkjh dfo xksj[kik.Ms; dk Hkkstiqjh xhr^xqyfe;k vc ukgh actbZcks* dks ;wfu;u dset+nwj lkfFk;ksa us izLrqrfd;kA dk;ZØe dklekiu djrs gq, fn'kkNk=k laxBu* ds luh uscrk;k fd vkt vkt+knhdk t'u os yksx euk;saftudks bl O;oLFkk uslkjh lq[k&lqfoèkk,¡ vkeesgurd'k turk dhdher ij eqgS;k djkbZgSaA ns'k dh cgqla[;dNk=k ;qok vkcknh ds

fy, okLrfod vFkksZa esa vkt+knh ,d ,sls lekt esa gh lEHkogS tg¡k mRiknu] jktdkt o lekt ds iwjs <k¡ps ij esgurd'koxksZa dk dCt+k gksA ,d ,slk lekt tks 'kghn&,&vkt+eHkxrflag ds liuksa dk lekt gksxk ftlds fy, yksdLojkT;iapk;rksa dk xBu djrs gq, iQSlyk ysus dh rkdr turk dsgkFkksa esa nsuh gksxh u dh eqV~BhHkj èkkuifr;ksa ds gkFkksa esaA rHkhlgh ek;uksa eas eqdEey vkt+knh vk;sxhA ûkStoku HkkjrlHkk* ds fefFkys'k us ukxktZqu dh dfork fdldh gS tuojh]fdldk vxLr gS* dk ikB Hkh fd;kA dk;ZØe dk lapkyuuohu dqekj us fd;kA dk;ZØe esa bykds ds djhc 500ukStokuksa] ukxfjdksa o et+nwjksa us f'kjdr dhA dk;ZØe dklekiu rLohj cnyks nks nqfu;k dh* xhr ls fd;k x;kA

fnYyh laoknnkrk

xfrfofèk cqysfVu


vkS|ksfxd nq?kZVukvksa ij MkWD;qes.Vªh fiQYedk izFke izn'kZu

y[kuÅA vjfoUn Le`fr U;kl }kjk izLrqr igyhMkWD;qes.Vªh fiQYe êkSr vkSj ek;wlh ds dkj[+kkus* dks 9twu dks y[kuÅ izsl Dyc esa vk;ksftr dk;ZØe esa tkjhfd;k x;kA U;kl ds n`';&JO; izHkkx ^áweu ySaMLdsiizksMD'kUl* }kjk fufeZr ;g fiQYe jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k dsdkj[+kkuksa esa vk;s fnu gksus okyh nq?kZVukvksa vkSj vkS|ksfxdet+nwjksa dh ukjdh; dk;Z&fLFkfr;ksa ij dsfUnzr gSA fiQYe fn[kkrhgS fd fdl rjg jktèkkuh ds pepekrs bykd+ksa ds vxy&cxy,sls vkS|ksfxd {ks=k ekStwn gSatgk¡ et+nwj vkt Hkh lkS lkyigys tSls gkykr esa dkedj jgs gS aA yk[kk s a&yk[ket+nwj cl nks oD+r dh jksVhds fy, jkst+ ekSr ds lk;s esad ke djr s g S a A l q j { k kbUrt+keksa dks rkd ij èkjdjdke djkus ds dkj.k vk;sfnu nq?kZVuk,¡ gksrh jgrh gSavkSj yksx ejrs jgrs gSa] exj[k+keks'kh ds ,d lnZ insZ dsihNs lcdqN ;w¡ gh pyrkjgrk gS] cnLrwjA fiQYe esa;g Hkh vR;Ur izHkko'kkyh<ax ls fn[kk;k x;k gS fdfdl rjg nq?kZVukvksa ds ckniqfyl] iQSDVªh ekfyd vkSjjktuhfrKksa ds x¡BtksM+ lsekSr dh [k+cjksa dks nck fn;ktkrk gSA et+nwj ;k mldsifjokj dks nq?kZVuk ds eqvkot+sls Hkh oafpr j[kus esa Je o+Qkuwuksa dh [+kkfe;ksa] nykyksa vkSjHkz"V viQljksa ds frdM+eksa dks Hkh blesa mtkxj fd;k x;k gSAdk;ZØe dh vè;{krk dj jgs ofj"B lkfgR;dkj Jh ujs'klDlsuk us fiQYe tkjh djrs gq, dgk fd fiNys dqN le;ds nkSjku c<+rs vkS|ksfxd gknlksa dh i`"BHkwfe esa bl fiQYedh izklafxdrk vkSj vfèkd c<+ x;h gSA mUgksaus dgk fdvkt ds nkSj esa O;kid vkcknh rd viuh ckr igq¡pkus vkSjmUgsa vfèkdkjksa ds ckjs esa tkx:d cukus esa n`';&JO; ekè;eksadh Hkwfedk dkiQh egRoiw.kZ gS vkSj bl fn'kk esa ;g ifj;kstuk,d t+:jh dne gSA mUgksaus fiQYe ds dyk i{k ij vkSjvfèkd è;ku nsus dh t+:jr ij cy fn;kA bl volj ijfiQYe ds funsZ'kd pk# pUæ ikBd us fiQYe cukus dsnkSjku vius vuqHkoksa dks lk>k djrs gq, crk;k fd vkS|ksfxdet+nwjksa ds dke ds gkykr vkSj ukjdh; thou fLFkfr;ksa dksut+nhd ls ns[kus ds ckn mUgksaus r; fd;k fd XySej vkSj'kksgjr dh fiQYeh nqfu;k esa txg cukus dh dksf'k'k djus ds

ctk; os bl dyk dk bLrseky mu rcdksa ds thou dhlPpkbZ dks lkeus ykus esa djsaxs tks bl ns'k ds fodkl dhuhao gksus ds ckotwn ehfM;k dh ut+jksa ls nwj gSaA mUgksaus crk;kfd os bl fiQYe dks et+nwj cfLr;ksa vkSj dkj[+kkuk bykdksa esaysdj tk;saxs D;ksafd os gh blds vlyh n'kZd gSaA vjfoUnLe`fr U;kl dh vksj ls lR;e us crk;k fd U;kl us et+nwjksads thou vkSj la?k"kZ] vke tuthou] tukUnksyuksa vkSjlkekftd&jktuhfrd eqíksa ij MkWD;qes.Vªh vkSj iQhpj fiQYeksads fuekZ.k ds fy, viuk n';&JO; izHkkx g~;weu yS.MLdsiizksMD'kUl* uke ls laxfBr fd;k gSA U;kl dk n`';&JO;izHkkx fofHkUu tukUnksyuksa vkSj egRoiw.kZ ?kVukvksa ds n';&JO;

v f H k y s [ k u(vk W fM;k s&foT + k qvyMk WD;qe s.V s'ku) dkdke Hkh dj jgk gSA;g fo'oi z fl¼ØkfUrdkjh] izxfr'khyfiQ+Yeksa dk laxzg rS;kjdj jgk gS ftudh fgUnhesa lcVkbVfyax vkSjMfcax dk izcUèk fd;ktk jgk gSA tYnh ghvyx&vyx 'kgjksa esa, s l h fi QYe k s a d kfu;fer izn'kZu ,oa muij ifjppkZ vk;ksftrdjus dh 'kq#vkr dhtk;sxhA dk;ZØe dklapkyu dj jgh ofj"Bdof;=kh dkR;k;uh uscrk;k fd turk dkoSdfYid ehfM;k [kM+kdju k v kt c s gn

t+:jh gS vkSj vkfM;ks&fotqvy ekè;e rFkk b.VjusV vkfndk mi;ksx blesa cgqr egRo j[krs gSaA mUgksaus crk;k fdU;kl dk ;g izHkkx ØkfUrdkjh xhrksa vkSj laxhr jpukvksa dhlhMh&MhohMh Hkh rS;kj djsxkA le;≤ ij blds }kjkfMftVy fiQ+Ye rduhd ds fofHkUu i{kksa vkSj MkWD;qes.VªhfuekZ.k] ,fues'ku vkfn ij dk;Z'kkyk,¡ Hkh vk;ksftr dhtk;saxhA ;s lHkh dke fdlh izdkj ds laLFkkxr vuqnku fy;sfcuk turk ls tqVk;s x;s lalkèkuksa ds cwrs fd;s tk jgs gSaA blotg ls buesa nsj Hkys gh gks ysfdu ;s fdlh ncko ls eqDrgksdj iwjs fd;s tk;saxsA bl volj ij îzR;w"k* dh vksj ls^ft+Unxh us ,d fnu dgk fd rqe yM+ks* xhr izLrqr fd;kx;kA dk;ZØe esa cM+h la[;k esa i=kdkjksa] ys[kdksa] cqf¼thfo;ksa]lkekftd dk;ZdrkZvksa] laLÑfrdfeZ;ksa rFkk Nk=kksa us Hkkx fy;kAfiQYe izn`kZu ds ckn mlds fofHkUu igyqvksa ij n'kZdksa dslkFk ppkZ Hkh gqbZA

dk;kZy; laoknnkrk (vjfoUn Le`fr U;kl)


Hkkjr o"kZ dh n'kk bl le; cM+h n;uh; gSA ,d èkeZds vuq;k;h nwljs èkeZ ds vuq;kf;;ksa ds tkuh nq'eu gSaA vcrks ,d èkeZ dk gksuk gh nwljs èkeZ dk dV~Vj 'k=kq gksuk gSA;fn bl ckr dk vHkh ;d+hu u gks rks ykgkSj ds rkt+k naxsgh ns[k ysaA fdl izdkj eqlyekuksa us funksZ"kfl[kksa] fgUnqvksa dks ekjk gS vkSj fdl izdkjfl[kksa us Hkh o'k pyrs dksbZ dlj ughaNksM+h gSA ;g ekj&dkV blfy, ugha dhx;h fd iQyk¡ vkneh nks"kh gS] oju~ blfy,fd iQyk¡ vkneh fgUnw gS ;k fl[k gS ;keqlyeku gSA cl fdlh vkneh dk fl[k;k fgUnw gksuk eqlyekuksa }kjk ekjs tkus dsfy, dki+Qh Fkk vkSj blh rjg fdlh O;fDrdk eqlyeku gksuk gh mldh tku ysus dsfy, i;kZIr rdZ FkkA tc fLFkfr ,slh gksrks fgUnqLrku dk bZ'oj gh ekfyd gSA

,slh fLFkfr esa fgUnqLrku dk Hkfo";cgqr vUèkdkje; ut+j vkrk gSA bu èkeksZa*us fgUnqLrku dk csM+k xdZ dj fn;k gSAvkSj vHkh irk ugha fd ;g èkkfeZd naxs Hkkjro"kZ dk ihNkdc NksM+saxsA bu naxksa us lalkj dh ut+jksa esa Hkkjr dks cnukedj fn;k gSA vkSj geus ns[kk gS fd bl vUèkfo'okl ds cgkoesa lHkh cg tkrs gSaA dksbZ fcjyk gh fgUnw] eqlyeku ;k fl[kgksrk gS] tks viuk fnekx+ B.Mk j[krk gS] ckd+h lc ds lcèkeZ ds ;s ukeysok vius ukeysok èkeZ ds jksc dks dk;ej[kus ds fy, M.Ms&ykfB;k¡] ryokjsa] Nqjs gkFk esa idM+ ysrsgSa vkSj vkil esa flj iQksM+&iQksM+dj ej tkrs gSaA ckdh cpsdqN rks iQk¡lh p<+ tkrs gSa vkSj dqN tsyksa esa iQsad fn;s tkrs

gSaA bruk jDrikr gksus ij bu ^èkeZtuksa* ij vaxzst+h ljdkjdk M.Mk cjlrk gS vkSj fiQj buds fnekx+ dk dhM+k fBdkusij vk tkrk gSA

tgk¡ rd ns[kk x;k gS] bu naxksa ds ihNs lkEiznkf;dusrkvksa vkSj v[k+ckjksa dk gkFk gSA blle; fgUnqLrku ds usrkvksa us ,slh yhn dhgS fd pqi gh HkyhA ogh usrk ftUgksausHkkjr dks LorU=k djkus dk chM+k mBk;kFkk vkSj tks ^leku jk"Vªh;rk* vkSj^Lojkt&Lojkt* ne xts ekjrs ugha FkdrsFks] ogh ;k rks vius flj fNik;s pqipkicSBs gSa ;k blh èkekZUèkrk ds cg pys gSaAflj fNik dj cSBus okyksa dh la[;k HkhD;k de gS] vkSj D;k lkEiznkf;drk dh,slh izcy ck<+ vk;h gqbZ gS fd os Hkh blsjksd ugha ik jgs gSaA ,slk yx jgk gS fdHkkjr esa usr`Ro dk fnokyk fiV x;k gSA

nwljs lTtu tks lkEiznkf;d naxksadks HkM+dkus esa fo'ks"k fgLlk ysrs jgs gSa]

os v[kckj okys gSaAi=kdkfjrk dk O;olk; tks fdlh le; cgqr mQ¡pk

le>k tkrk Fkk] vkt cgqr gh xUnk gks x;k gSA ;g yksx,d&nwljs ds fo#¼ cM+s eksVs&eksVs 'kh"kZd nsdj yksxksa dhHkkouk,¡ HkM+dkrs gSa vkSj ijLij flj&iQqVkSOoy djokrs gSaA,d&nks txg gh ugha] fdruh gh txgksa ij blfy, naxs gq,fd LFkkuh; v[kckjksa us cM+s mRrstukiw.kZ ys[k fy[ks gSaA ,slsys[kd ftudk fny o fnekx+ ,sls fnuksa esa Hkh 'kkUr jgk gks]cgqr de gSaA

fojklr

lkEiznkf;d naxs vkSjmudk bykt

l l l l l Hkxrflag

(1919 ds tfy;k¡okyk ckx gR;kdk.M ds ckn fczfV'k ljdkj us lkEiznkf;d naxksa dk [kwc izpkj 'kq: fd;kA bldsvlj ls 1924 esa dksgkV esa cgqr gh vekuoh; <ax ls fgUnw&eqlyeku naxs gq,A blds ckn jk"Vªh; jktuhfrd psruk esalkEiznkf;d naxksa ij yEch cgl pyhA bUgsa lekIr djus dh t+:jr rks lcus eglwl dh] ysfdu dkaxzslh usrkvksa usfgUnw&eqlyeku usrkvksa esa lqygukek fy[kokdj naxksa dks jksdus ds ;Ru fd;sA

bl leL;k ds fuf'pr gy ds fy, ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu us vius fopkj izLrqr fd;sA Hkxrflag dk ;g ys[k twu1928 ds ^fdjrh* esa NikA µ la-)


v[kckjksa dk vlyh drZO; f'k{kk nsuk] yksxksa ls ladh.kZrkfudkyuk] lkEiznkf;d Hkkouk,¡ gVkuk] ijLij esy&feykic<+kuk vkSj Hkkjr dh lk>h jk"Vªh;rk cukuk Fkk_ ysfdubUgksaus viuk eq[; drZO; vKku iQSykuk] ladh.kZrk dkizpkj djuk] lkEiznkf;d cukuk] yM+kbZ&>xM+s djokuk vkSjHkkjr dh lk>h jk"Vªh;rk dks u"V djuk cuk fy;k gSA ;ghdkj.k gS fd Hkkjr o"kZ dh orZeku n'kk ij fopkj dj vk¡[kksals jDr ds vk¡lw cgus yxrs gSa vkSj fny esa loky mBrk gSfd ^Hkkjr dk cusxk D;k\*

tks yksx vlg;ksx ds fnuksa ds tks'k o mHkkj dks tkursgSa] mUgsa ;g fLFkfr ns[k jksuk vkrk gSA dgk¡ Fks os fnu fdLorU=krk dh >yd lkeus fn[kk;h nsrh Fkh vkSj dgk¡ vkt;g fnu fd LojkT; ,d liuk ek=k cu x;k gSA cl ;ghrhljk ykHk gS tks bu naxksa ls vR;kpkfj;ksa dks feyk gSA oghukSdj'kkghµftlds vfLrRo dks [k+rjk iSnk gks x;k Fkk] fdvkt x;h] dy x;hµvkt viuh tM+sa bruh et+cwr djpqdh gS fd mls fgykuk dksbZ ekewyh dke ugha gSA

;fn bu lkEiznkf;d naxksa dh tM+ [kkstsa rks gesa bldkdkj.k vkfFkZd gh tku iM+rk gSA vlg;ksx ds fnuksa esausrkvksa o i=kdkjksa us <sjksa dqckZfu;k¡ nhaA mudh vkfFkZd n'kkfcxM+ x;h FkhA vlg;ksx vkUnksyu ds èkhek iM+us ij usrkvksaij vfo'okl&lk gks x;k] ftlls vktdy ds cgqr&lslkEiznkf;d usrkvksa ds èkUèks pkSiV gks x;sA fo'o esa tks Hkhdke gksrk gS] mldh rg esa isV dk loky t+:j gksrk gSAdkyZ ekDlZ ds rhu cM+s fl¼kUrksa esa ls ;g ,d eq[;fl¼kUr gSA blh fl¼kUr ds dkj.k gh rcyhx] rudhe]'kqf¼ vkfn laxBu 'kq: gq, vkSj blh dkj.k ls vkt gekjh,slh nqnZ'k gqbZ] tks vo.kZuuh; gSA

cl] lHkh naxksa dk bykt ;fn dksbZ gks ldrk gS rksog Hkkjr dh vkfFkZd n'kk esa lqèkkj ls gh gks ldrk gS]D;ksafd Hkkjr ds vke yksxksa dh vkfFkZd n'kk bruh [k+jkc gSfd ,d O;fDr nwljs dks poUuh nsdj fdlh vkSj dks viekfurdjok ldrk gSA Hkw[k vkSj nq[k ls vkrqj gksdj euq"; lHkhfl¼kUr rkd ij j[k nsrk gSA lp gS] ejrk D;k u djrkA

ysfdu orZeku fLFkfr esa vkfFkZd lqèkkj gksuk vR;UrdfBu gS D;ksafd ljdkj fons'kh gS vkSj ;gh yksxksa dh fLFkfrdks lqèkjus ugha nsrhA blfy, yksxksa dks gkFk èkksdj blds ihNsiM+ tkuk pkfg, vkSj tc rd ljdkj cny u tk;s] pSudh lk¡l u ysuk pkfg,A

yksxksa dks ijLij yM+us ls jksdus ds fy, oxZ psrukdh t+:jr gSA x+jhc esgurd'k o fdlkuksa dks Li"V le>knsuk pkfg, fd rqEgkjs vlyh nq'eu iw¡thifr gSa] blfy,rqEgsa buds gFkd.Mksa ls cpdj jguk pkfg, vkSj buds gRFksp<+ dqN u djuk pkfg,A lalkj ds lHkh x+jhcksa ds] pkgs osfdlh Hkh tkfr] jax] èkeZ ;k jk"Vª ds gksa] vfèkdkj ,d ghgSaA rqEgkjh HkykbZ blh esa gS fd rqe èkeZ] jax] uLy vkSjjk"Vªh;rk o ns'k ds HksnHkko feVkdj ,dtqV gks tkvks vkSj

ljdkj dh rkd+r vius gkFk esa ysus dk ;Ru djksA bu ;Ruksaesa rqEgkjk uqdlku dqN ugha gksxk] blls fdlh fnu rqEgkjht+athjsa dV tk,¡xh vkSj rqEgsa vkfFkZd LorU=krk feysxhA

tks yksx :l dk bfrgkl tkurs gSa] mUgsa ekywe gS fdt+kj dh le; ogk¡ Hkh ,slh gh fLFkfr;k¡ Fkha] ogk¡ Hkh fdrusdh leqnk; Fks tks ijLij twr&irkax djrs jgrs FksA ysfduftl fnu ls ogk¡ Jfed 'kklu gqvk gS] ogk¡ uD'kk gh cnyx;k gSA vc ogk¡ dHkh naxs ugha gq,A vc ogk¡ lHkh dks^balku* le>k tkrk gS] ^èkeZtu* ughaA t+kj ds le; yksxksadh vkfFkZd n'kk cgqr gh [k+jkc Fkh] blfy, lHkh naxs&iQlkngkssrs FksA ysfdu vc :fl;ksa dh vkfFkZd n'kk lqèkj x;h gS]vkSj muesa oxZ psruk vk x;h gS] blfy, vc ogk¡ ls dHkhfdlh naxs dh [k+cj ugha vk;hA

bu naxksa esa oSls rks cM+s fujk'kktud lekpkj lquus esavkrs gSa] ysfdu dydRrs ds naxksa esa ,d ckr cgqr [kq'kh dhlquus esa vk;hA og ;g fd ogk¡ naxksa esa VªsM ;wfu;uksa dset+nwjksa us fgLlk ugha fy;k vkSj u gh os ijLij xqRFke&xqRFkkgh gq,] oju~ lHkh fgUnw] eqlyeku cM+s izse ls dkj[kkuksa vkfnesa mBrs&cSBrs vkSj naxs jksdus ds Hkh ;Ru djrs jgsA ;gblfy, fd muesa oxZ psruk Fkh vkSj os vius oxZ fgr dksvPNh rjg igpkurs FksA oxZ psruk dk ;gh lqUnj jkLrk gStks lkEiznkf;d naxs jksd ldrk gSA

;g [kq'kh dk lekpkj gekjs dkuksa dks feyk gS fdHkkjr ds uo;qod vc oSls èkeksZa ls tks ijLij yM+kuk o ?k.kkfl[kkrs gSa] rax vkdj gkFk èkks jgs gSa vkSj muesa bruk[kqykiu vk x;k gS fd os Hkkjr ds yksxksa dks èkeZ dh ut+jlsµfgUnw] eqlyeku ;k fl[k&:i esa ugha] oju~ lHkh dksigys balku le>rs gSa] fiQj HkkjroklhA Hkkjr ds ;qodksa esabu fopkjksa ds iSnk gksus ls irk pyrk gS fd Hkkjr dk Hkfo";lqugyk gS vkSj Hkkjrokfl;ksa dks bu naxksa vkfn dks ns[kdj?kcjkuk ugha pkfg,] cfYd rS;kj&cj&rS;kj gks ;Ru djukpkfg, fd ,slk okrkoj.k gh u cus] rkfd naxs gks gh ughaA

1914&15 ds 'kghnksa us èkeZ dks jktuhfr ls vyx djfn;k FkkA os le>rs Fks fd èkeZ O;fDr dk O;fDrxr ekeykgS] blesa nwljs dk dksbZ n[k+y ughaA u gh bls jktuhfr esa gh?kqlkuk pkfg, D;ksafd ;g ljcr dks feydj ,d txg dkeugha djus nsrkA blfy, xnj ikVhZ&tSls vkUnksyu ,dtqV o,dtku jgs] ftlesa fl[k c<+&p<+dj iQk¡fl;ksa ij p<+s vkSjfgUnw&eqlyeku Hkh ihNs ugha jgsA

bl le; dqN Hkkjrh; usrk Hkh eSnku esa mrjs gSa] tksèkeZ dks jktuhfr ls vyx djuk pkgrs gSaA >xM+k feVkus dk;g Hkh ,d lqUnj bykt gS vkSj ge bldk leFkZu djrs gSaA

;fn èkeZ dks vyx dj fn;k tk; rks jktuhfr ij gelHkh bdV~Bs gks ldrs gSaA èkeksZa esa pkgsa vyx&vyx gh jgsaA

gekjk [+k;ky gS fd Hkkjr ds lPps gennZ gekjs crk;sbykt ij t+:j fopkj djsaxs vkSj Hkkjr dk bl le; tksvkRe?kkr gks jgk gS] mlls gesa cpk ysaxsA

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