বিজ্ঞান অন্বেষক

!ÓK˛yö xˆÏß∫£Ïܲàî!ÓK˛yö û˛yÓöyÓ˚ ˛õ!eܲy

Ó£Ï≈ÈÙÈ15 §ÇáƒyÈÙÈ3 ˆüÈÙÈç%ö 2018 RNI No WBBEN/2003/11192 ü)°ƒ ≠ 5 ê˛yܲy

≤ÃFåÈò ܲÌy ≠ •!Ü˛Ç 2 ˆÎ àyåÈ ò%ô ˆòÎ˚ 7" à ÏÓ£Ïîy 8 ü!•°y !ÓK˛yö# 9 ˆã˛y Ïá Îáö §)Î≈@ˇÃ•î 10 xB˛ ≠ ˆüÔ!°Ü˛ §Çáƒy 11 ÎyÓ˚y •y!Ó˚ ÏÎ˚ Îy ÏFåÈ 12 Ó˚ Ïb ˆÓ˚yà !ã˛!ܲͧy 13 çy Ïöy !ܲ 13 §ÇÓyò 14 ¢ Ï∑Ó˚ ˆáÑy Ïç 16"ܲ!Óï˛y † ܲyê%≈˛ö 16

2 !ÓK˛yö x Ïß∫£Ïܲ–– ˆüÈÙç%ö 2018

xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ܲÌy ≠ xö%ˆÏ≤ÃÓ˚îyÓ˚ í˛zͧ˙ ˆÎ ‡•z°ˆÏã˛Î˚yˆÏÓ˚ ӈϧ xyˆÏåÈ §òy•y§ƒüÎ˚ üyö%£Ï!ê˛– !ï˛!ö üyÓ˚îˆÏÓ˚yà xƒy!üĈÏê˛∆y!˛õܲ °ƒyê˛yÓ˚y°ˆflœÒˆÏÓ˚y!§§ ˆÓ˚yàye´yhsˇ– •yï˛ÈÙÈ˛õyÈÙȈò• çí ¸ÓÍ– Î!òÄ ü!hflÏ‹Ò û˛#£Ïî ç#Óhsˇ– ÷ô%üye ü%ˆÏáÓ˚ ˆ˛õ¢#Ó˚öyí ¸yÈÙÈã˛yí ¸yˆÏï˛ Óyܲƒ àë˛ö ܲÓ˚ ÏåÈö– ï˛y !flõã˛ !§öˆÏ̧y•zçyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ üyôƒˆÏü ˆ◊yï˛yˆÏܲ ˆ¢yöyˆÏFåÈö–í˛y_´yÓ˚ ÏòÓ˚ ü,ï%˛ƒ!öòyö •ÑyܲyÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚Ä xyÓ˚Ä ˛õM˛Èyߨ ÓåÈÓ˚ !Î!ö û˛#£Ïîû˛yˆÏÓ ˆÓшÏã˛ ÌyܲˆÏ°ö– !ï˛!ö !fiê˛ˆÏú˛ö•!ܲÇñ 14 üyã≈˛ñ 2018 ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ çöƒ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ °í ¸y•z ˆ¢£Ï ܲÓ˚ Ï°ö– ˆ¢£Ï •° ïÑ˛yÓ˚ Ó ·˛yˆÏ[˛Ó˚ Ó˚•ˆÏ§ƒÓ˚ˆáÑyç– !ï˛!ö ӈϰ!åȈϰöÈÙÙÙÈ ÚÚxy!ü ˆ˛õˆÏï˛ ã˛y•z xöhsˇ !ÓŸª §¡õˆÏÜ≈˛ ˛õ!Ó˚˛õ)î≈ K˛yö– çyöˆÏï˛ ã˛y•zñˆÜ˛ö !ÓÓ˚y!çï˛ ~•z Ó ·˛y[˛⁄ xyÓ˚ Î!ò !ÓÓ˚y!çï˛•zñ ï˛ˆÏÓ ˆÜ˛ö ˆòá!åÈ ~•z ˆã˛•yÓ˚yÎ˚ñ xöƒû˛yˆÏÓ

öÎ˚–ÛÛ !ï˛!ö !åȈϰö §Ü˛° xö%§!¶˛Í§% !ÓK˛yö#Ó˚ xö%ˆÏ≤ÃÓ˚îyÓ˚ í˛zͧ– xyÓ˚ xyüÓ˚y ÎyÓ˚yñ ˆÜ˛Ó°üye Î%!_´ !ã˛hsˇy ˛õÓ˚#«˛y !öÓ˚#«˛yÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü !ÓŸªˆÏܲˆÓyé˛yÓ˚ ˆã˛‹Ty ܲ!Ó˚ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ çöƒ ÌyܲˆÏ°y ïÑ˛yÓ˚ xˆÏüyâ Óyî#ÈÙÙÙÈ ÚÚü•y!ӈϟªÓ˚ §ühflÏ Ó˚•§ƒ !ÓK˛yö•z ~ܲ!òö í˛zˆÏß√yã˛ö ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ §üÌ≈ •ˆÏÓ–û˛àÓyˆÏöÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö#Î˚ï˛y ˆö•z–ÛÛ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ xÓfliyö ‡•z° ˆã˛Î˚yˆÏÓ˚– !ܲv ïÑ˛yÓ˚ xÓfliyö !ÓŸªç%ˆÏí ¸ñ xö%§¶˛yˆÏöñ üˆÏö üˆÏö– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ •yï˛ôˆÏÓ˚•z çyöˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚°yü Ú!Óà ÓƒyÇ !̈ÏÎ˚y!Ó˚Û ÈÙÙÙÈÓœƒyܲ ˆ•y°ÈÙÙÙÈ !§Ç=°y!Ó˚!ê˛ÈÙÙÙÈ•zˆÏû˛rê˛ •Ó˚y•zçö– Ó°ˆÏ°öñÈÙÙÙÈ ÚÚÓœƒyܲ ˆ•y° ˆÌˆÏÜ˛Ä ~ܲ ôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚!Ó!ܲÓ˚î xyˆÏ§– ï˛yÓ˚ ú˛ˆÏ° Óœƒyܲ ˆ•yˆÏ°Ó˚ û˛Ó˚ ܲüˆÏï˛ Ü˛üˆÏï˛ ~ܲ!òö í˛zˆÏÓ ˆÎˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚–ÛÛ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ xy!Ó‹ÒyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §)ˆÏe•z !Ó!ܲÓ˚ ÏîÓ˚ öyü•° Ú•!Ü˛Ç ˆÓ˚!í˛ˆÏÎ˚¢öÛ– ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ flø,!ï˛ú˛°ˆÏܲ @ˇÃ!Ìï˛ Ìyܲ ˆÓ˚!í˛ˆÏÎ˚¢ö §)e S = rAkc3/2hG– ~ ˆÎö !Ó®%ˆÏï˛ !§¶%˛ ò¢≈öÊ û˛!ӣσˆÏï˛Ó˚ü•y!ÓK˛yö#ˆÏòÓ˚ !òˆÏܲ å%ÑÈí ¸ Ï°ö ã˛ƒyˆÏ°OÈÙÙÙÈ !ӈϟªÓ˚ §ü@ˇÃ Ó˚•§ƒˆÏܲ ~ܲ!ê˛ §)ˆÏe Ú!ÌÄ!Ó˚ xú˛ ~û˛!Ó˚!ÌÇÛÈÙÈ~ xyöˆÏï˛–

÷ô% !ÓK˛yö# öÎ˚ñ •!Ü˛Ç ˆò¢ÈÙÈçy!ï˛ÈÙÈôü≈ÈÙȈ˛õ¢yÈÙÈ!°DÈÙÈÓÎ˚§ !ö!Ó≈ˆÏ¢ˆÏ£Ï §Ü˛° üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ç#ÓöˆÏܲ xö%≤Ãy!îï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ ÏåÈö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !ÓK˛yöñ ˆã˛ï˛öyÄ ç#ÓöˆÏÓyô !òˆÏÎ˚– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˆ°áy Úxy !Ó ú˛ !•!‹T… xÓ ê˛y•züÛÈÙÙÙÈ ~ܲ ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ !Ó!e´ åÈy!í ¸ ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈ– §Ü˛° ôÓ˚ ÏöÓ˚ ˆ°áˆÏܲÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ•z ~ܲyôyˆÏÓ˚ xö%ˆÏ≤ÃÓ˚îyÄ ã˛ƒyˆÏ°O– xyÓyÓ˚ !û˛ˆÏÎ˚ï˛öyˆÏüÓ˚ Î%k˛ Óy í˛z˛õ§yàÓ˚#Î˚ Î%ˆÏk˛Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ÓyˆÏò ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ò,ì ¸ xÓfliyöÈÙÙÙÈ §Ü˛° xöƒyÎ˚ x§yˆÏüƒÓ˚ !ÓÓ˚&ˆÏk˛ ≤Ã!ï˛ÓyòܲyÓ˚#ˆÏòÓ˚ܲyˆÏåÈ•z xö%ˆÏ≤ÃÓ˚îyÓ˚ í˛zͧ– ~•z ˆ§!òö ˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ¢ ôùLjϧ Óƒ!Ìï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ Ó°ˆÏ°öÈÙÙÙÈ ÚÚ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ xyÎ˚% xyÓ˚ 100 ÓåÈÓ˚–ÛÛ xö%≤Ãy!îï˛ •ˆÏ°ö ˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ¢ˆ≤Ãü#Ó˚y– xy§ˆÏ° •!Ü˛Ç !åȈϰö üyöÓòÓ˚ò#– !ï˛!ö•z Ó°ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚öÈÙÙÙÈ ÚÚˆï˛yüyÓ˚ û˛y°Óy§yÓ˚ üyö%£ÏˆÏòÓ˚ Óy§û)˛!ü öy •ˆÏ° xyÓ˚ Ó ·˛y[˛ !ܲˆÏ§Ó˚çöƒ⁄ÛÛ ~ ˆÎö §Ü˛° û˛y°Óy§yÓ˚ ç#ˆÏÓˆÏòÓ˚•z ܲÌy– ~üö üyö%£Ï•z ˆï˛y ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ §Ü˛°ˆÏܲ í˛zͧy!•ï˛ ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛– Ó°ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚öÈÙÙÙÈ

ÚÚ˛õyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ !òˆÏܲ öÎ˚ñ üyÌyÓ˚ IJõˆÏÓ˚ ö«˛eˆÏòÓ˚ !òˆÏܲ ï˛y!ܲˆÏÎ˚ ˆòá%ö– ˆã˛‹Ty ܲÓ˚&öñ Îy ˆòáˆÏåÈöñ ï˛y Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛– ˆÜ˛ö !ÓŸª xyˆÏåÈñ ï˛yçyöˆÏï˛– xö%§!¶˛Í§% ˆ•yö– ç#Óö ܲ!ë˛ö •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– ï˛ˆÏÓ çyöˆÏÓöñ xy˛õöyÓ˚ çöƒ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ~ÓÇ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ §ú˛° •ÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ܲyç !ܲå%È ÌyܲˆÏÓ•z–•y° öyÈÙÈåÈyí˛¸y•z ÓˆÏí˛¸y ܲÌy–ÛÛ

xyüÓ˚y ÓÓ˚Ç =˛õ#Ó˚ à°yÎ˚ ˆà ÏÎ˚ í z!ë˛ ÉüÈÙÈ•yÈÙÈÓ˚yÈÙÈçy ˆï˛yüy ÏÓ˚ ˆ§°yüñ ˆ§°yü–

ü•yܲyˆÏ¢Ó˚ ¢)öƒ üyôƒyܲ£Ï≈ö ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ •!ܲÇÈÙÈ~Ó˚ •zˆÏFåÈ û˛y§yö–

3 !ÓK˛yö x Ïß∫£Ïܲ–– ˆüÈÙç%ö 2018

!fiê˛ Ïú˛ö í z•z!°Î˚yü •!Ü˛Ç !ÓK˛y ÏöÓ˚ ~ܲ xööƒ §yôyÓ˚î ≤Ã!ï˛û˛y–ç#Ó ÏöÓ˚ §ühflÏ Óyôy !Ó˛õ!_ Ïܲ ò) ÏÓ˚ ˆë˛ Ï° xòüƒ •zFåÈy¢!_´ Ïܲ §D#ܲ ÏÓ˚ xyüÓ˚î !ÓK˛y ÏöÓ˚ à ÏÓ£ÏîyÎ˚ í% ÏÓ Ìyܲy ~ܲ ≤ÃÓyò≤Ã!ï˛ü !ÓK˛yö#í z•z!°Î˚yü •!ܲǖ

1942ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ 8 çyö%Î˚y!Ó˚ x: Ïú˛yí≈ S•zÇ°ƒyu˛VÈÙÈ~ çß√ •!ܲÇÈÙÈ~Ó˚–˜˛õï, ܲ !û˛ê˛y í z_Ó˚ °u˛ Ïö– ÓåÈÓ˚ xy Ïê˛Ü˛ Îáö ïÑ yÓ˚ ÓÎ˚§ ïÑ y ÏòÓ˚˛õ!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚ fliyöyhsˇ!Ó˚ï˛ •Î˚ °u˛ ÏöÓ˚ 20 !ܲ!ü í z_ ÏÓ˚ ˆ§rê˛ xy°Óyö‰§ÈÙÈ~–11 ÓåÈÓ˚ ÓÎ˚ ϧ !fiê˛ Ïú˛ö Ïܲ û˛!ï≈ ܲÓ˚y •° ˆ§rê˛ xy°Óyö§ fl%Ò Ï°–

ˆ◊!î Ïï˛ fl¨yï˛Ü˛ • Ï°ö– ÷Ó˚& •° fl¨yï˛ Ïܲy_Ó˚ ˛õí ¸y÷ Ïöy– ï˛yÓ˚ õÓ˚ˆÜ˛!¡∫…ç !ÓŸª!Óòƒy° ÏÎ˚ ú˛!°ï˛ à!îï˛ ~ÓÇ ï˛y!_¥Ü˛ ˛õòyÌ≈!Óòƒy !Óû˛y Ïà÷Ó˚& •° à ÏÓ£Ïîy– à ÏÓ£ÏîyÓ˚ !Ó£ÏÎ˚ Ú§,!‹Tï˛_¥ Óy ܲ§ Ïüy°!çÛ–

•zFåÈy !åÈ° !Óáƒyï˛ §,!‹Tï˛_¥!Óò ˆú í˛ ˆ•y ÏÎ˚°ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ xô# Ïö ܲÓ˚ ÏÓöà ÏÓ£Ïîy– !ܲv ˆú í˛ ˆ•y ÏÎ˚ Ï°Ó˚ ˛õ Ï«˛ •!Ü˛Ç Ïܲ ˆöÄÎ˚y §Ω˛Ó •Î˚!ö–!ܲå%Èê˛y •ï˛y¢•z • Ï°ö •!ܲǖ ˆáÑyç ˛õyÄÎ˚y ˆà° xyÓ˚ ~ܲ ç ÏöÓ˚–!Î!ö §,!‹Tï˛_¥ !Ó£Ï ÏÎ˚ à ÏÓ£ÏîyÓ˚ ܲyç ܲÓ˚yö– xôƒy˛õܲ ˆí˛!ö§ !§Î˚yüy–•!ܲÇÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ܲy ÏåÈ !Î!ö ~ ÏܲÓy ÏÓ˚•z x˛õ!Ó˚!ã˛ï˛– !§Î˚yüyÓ˚ xô# ÏöàˆÏÓ£Ïîy ܲˆÏÓ˚ 1966 §yˆÏ° í˛QˆÏÓ˚ê˛ •ˆÏ°ö– àˆÏÓ£ÏîyÓ˚ !Ó£ÏÎ˚Ú≤çyÓ˚üyö ü•y!Ó ÏŸªÓ˚ ôü≈Û– à ÏÓ£Ïîy ˆ¢ Ï£Ï !Ó˚§yã≈˛ ˆú˛ Ï°y !•§y ÏÓˆÎyàòyö àö!û˛° xyu˛ !ܲç ܲ Ï° Ïç– ~Ó˚ õÓ˚ ˆÎyàòyö ܲ ÏÓ˚ö•z™!ê˛!ê˛í zê˛ xú˛ xy ÏflT…yö!ü Ïï˛ 1968 §y Ï°– ˛õÑyã˛ ÓåÈÓ˚ ˆ§áy Ïöܲy!ê˛ ÏÎ˚ !ú˛ ÏÓ˚ ~ Ï°ö ˆÜ˛!¡∫… Ïç– !Ó˚§yã≈ xƒy!§fiê˛ƒyrê˛ ˛õ Ïò ÷Ó˚& ܲÓ˚ Ï°öܲü≈ç#Óö– 1975ÈÙÈ~ ˆ§áy Ïö•z @ˇÃƒy!û˛ Ïê˛¢öy° !ú˛!ç Ï: !Ó˚í˛yÓ˚ ˛õ Ïòí z_Ó˚î– 1977ÈÙÈ~ ˆ§áy Ïö•z • Ï°ö ≤à Ïú˛§yÓ˚– 1979 ˆÌ Ïܲ 2009§y° ˛õÎ≈hsˇ ˆÜ˛!¡∫…ç !ÓŸª!Óòƒy° ÏÎ °%ܲy!§Îyö ≤à Ïú˛§yÓ xú˛ üƒyÌ Ïü!ê˛Ü˛§˛õ Ïò !åÈ Ï°ö !ï˛!ö– ˆ•ö!Ó˚ °%ܲy ϧÓ˚ öyüy!B˛ï˛ ˛õò!ê˛ !Ó ÏŸªÓ˚ §Ó Ïã˛ ÏÎ˚§¡øyö#Î˚ !¢«˛Ü˛ ˛õò– ≤à Ïú˛§yÓ˚ •!ܲÇÈÙÈ~Ó˚ xy Ïà ˆÎ ˛õ Ïò xy§#ö!åÈ Ï°ö xyÓ˚ ~ܲ áƒyï˛öyüy !ÓK˛yö# §ƒyÓ˚ xy•zçyܲ !öí zê˛ö–

Ó˚•§ƒÓ,_ Ü,˛£èà•¥Ó˚ Óy ÓœƒyܲˆÏ•yˆÏ°Ó˚ x!hflψÏcÓ˚ •z!Dï˛ ≤ÃÌü!ò ÏÎ˚!åÈ Ï°ö !ÓK˛yö# xy°Óyê≈ xy•zfiê˛y•zö ïÑ yÓ˚ xy Ï õ!«˛Ü˛ï˛y ï˛ Ï_¥Ó˚!û˛!_ Ïï˛ 1915 §y Ï°– Ü, £èÈÙÈà•¥Ó˚ xyçÄ xôÓ˚yñ ˆ•ÑÎ˚y!° Ïï˛ û˛Ó˚y–í z•z!°Î˚yü •!ܲÇÈÙÈ~Ó˚ à ÏÓ£ÏîyÎ˚ xy Ï°y!Ü˛ï˛ • ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈ xy Ï°yܲ xy@ˇÃy§#Ü, £èà•¥Ó˚– ≤ÃyÌ!üܲ xö%ôyÓ Ïö ~ê˛y ü Ïö • ÏÎ˚!åÈ° ˆÎñ Ü, £èà•¥ ÏÓ˚Ó˚•z Ïû˛rê˛ •Ó˚y•zçö xÌ≈yÍ ˆÎ §#üy ÏÓ˚áyÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ ˆà Ï° ˆÜ˛yöÄ !ܲå%È•zÜ, £èà•¥ ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ÌyÓy ~í ¸y Ïï˛ ˛õy ÏÓ˚ öyñ ï˛yÓ˚ ~!_´Î˚yÓ˚ ܲáö•z ˆåÈyê˛ • Ïï˛˛õy ÏÓ˚ öy– ï˛y˛õ#Î˚ à!ï˛!ÓòƒyÓ˚ §)eyö%§y ÏÓ˚ñ ˆÜ˛y Ïöy xyÓk˛ §ÇfliyÓ˚~öê ∆!˛õ Óy !Ó¢,C°y ܲáö•z ܲ Ïü öy– ~•z ô Ïü≈Ó˚ !û˛!_ Ïï˛ 1970ÈÙÈ~Ó˚

Ó˚ ï˛ ö ˆò Ó öy Ì

!fiê˛ Ïú˛ö í z•z!°Î˚yü •!Ü˛Ç ≠ ü•y!ÓŸªo‹Ty

xy°Óyö§ fl%Ò Ï°Ó˚ §üÎ˚ê˛y §% ÏáÓ˚ ܲy Ïê˛!ö •!ܲÇÈÙÈ~Ó˚– öy ˛õí ¸y÷ ÏöyÎ˚ñöy ˆá°yô% Ï°yÎ˚– §D#§yÌ# ÏòÓ˚ § ÏDÄ ˆï˛üö ò•Ó˚üÈÙÈü•Ó˚ü !åÈ° öyïÑ yÓ˚– fl%Ò Ï° Ü, ï˛# åÈye !•§y ÏÓÄ !¢«˛Ü˛ ü•y¢Î˚ ÏòÓ˚ üö ܲyí ¸ Ïï˛˛õy ÏÓ˚ö!ö !ï˛!ö– ïÑ yÓ˚ !ö ÏçÓ˚•z ܲÌyÎ˚ xyê˛ ÓåÈÓ˚ ÓÎ˚§ ˛õÎ≈hsˇ !ï˛!öû˛y Ï°y ܲ ÏÓ˚ ˛õí ¸ Ïï˛Ä ˛õyÓ˚ Ïï˛ö öy ~ÓÇ ˆ°áy˛õí ¸yÎ˚ ïÑ yÓ˚ ú˛° ïÑ yÓ˚Üœ y ϧÓ˚ Ó¶% ÏòÓ˚ ï% °öyÎ˚ ˆï˛üö û˛y Ï°y !åÈ° öy– ï˛y • Ï° • ÏÓ Ü˛#⁄ïÑ yÓ˚ Ó¶% Ó˚y !ܲv ïÑ y Ïܲ xy•zöfiê˛y•zö Ó Ï°•z í˛yܲ Ïï˛ö– ï˛yÓ˚ ܲyÓÏîÄxÓ¢ƒ !åÈ°– xï˛ ˆåÈyê˛ ÓÎ˚ Ï§Ä Ü˛y° ~ÓÇ §ü ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ôyÓ˚îy Ó˚Æ Ü˛Ó˚yÓ˚«˛üï˛y !åÈ° x§yôyÓ˚î– §yüy!çܲ ܲy Ïç Îï˛ê˛y üö !åÈ°ñ ï˛yÓ˚!Ó®%üyeÄ fl%Ò Ï°Ó˚ ܲy Ïç !åÈ° öy– xB˛ ~ÓÇ ˛õòyÌ≈ !ÓK˛y ÏöÓ˚ ˆÎˆÜ˛yöÄ §ü§ƒyÓ˚ §yÓ˚ ˆÎ Ï•ï% ã˛ê˛ ܲ ÏÓ˚•z ô ÏÓ˚ !ö Ïï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ Ïï˛ö ï˛y•zfl%Ò Ï°Ó˚ ܲyç !ö ÏÎ˚ ïÑ yÓ˚ ˆï˛üö üyÌyÓƒÌy !åÈ° öy–

fl%Ò Ï°Ó˚ ˛õyë˛ ˆ¢ Ï£Ï 1959ÈÙÈ~ û˛!ï≈ • Ï°ö •zí z!öû˛y!§≈!ê˛ Ü˛ Ï°çñx: Ïú˛y Ïí≈ – ÓyÓyÓ˚ •zFåÈy ˆåÈ Ï° ˆ•yܲ !ã˛!ܲͧܲ– !ܲv ˆåÈ Ï°Ó˚ üö˛õ Ïí ¸ Ó˚ ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈ à!î Ïï˛Ó˚ !ò Ïܲ– •zí˛z!öû˛y!§≈!ê˛ Ü˛ Ï° Ïç ˆÎ Ï•ï% ˆ§§üÎ˚à!îï˛ ˛õí ¸y ÏöyÓ˚ ÓƒÓfliy !åÈ° öy ï˛y•z Óyôƒ • ÏÎ˚•z ˛õòyÌ≈!Óòƒy !Ó£ÏÎ˚ Ïܲ•zˆÓ ÏåÈ !ö Ï°ö !ï˛!ö– x: Ïú˛y Ïí≈ Ìyܲyܲy°#ö à!îï˛ ~ÓÇ ˛õòyÌ≈!ÓòƒyÎ˚ïÑ yÓ˚ xyܲ£Ï≈î • ÏÎ˚ í z벰 ï˛#Ó ï˛Ó˚– 1962 ˆï˛ ˛õòyÌ≈!ÓòƒyÎ˚ ≤ÃÌü

•!Ü˛Ç Îáö xöƒ åÈyˆÏeÓ˚ üˆÏï˛y

x:ˆÏú˛yˆÏí≈˛ Ó¶%˛ˆÏòÓ˚ §yˆÏÌ– §y!Ó˚ˆÏï˛ §ÓyÓ˚ í˛z˛õˆÏÓ˚–

4 !ÓK˛yö x Ïß∫£Ïܲ–– ˆüÈÙç%ö 2018

ò¢ Ïܲ ˛õòyÌ≈!Óò çƒyÜ˛Ó ˆÓ Ïܲ™ê˛y•zö Ü, £èà•¥Ó˚ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ~öê ∆!˛õ ~ÓÇ ï˛yÓ˚•z Ïû˛rê˛ •Ó˚y•zçöÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ˆ«˛eú˛ Ï°Ó˚ ü Ïôƒ §¡õ ÏÜ≈ Ó˚ •z!Dï˛ !ò ÏÎ˚!åÈ Ï°ö–≤ÃÌü ≤ÃÌü •!Ü˛Ç Óƒy˛õyÓ˚!ê˛ ˆï˛üö xyü° ˆòö!ö– Ü, £èà•¥Ó˚ ~ÓÇ~öê ∆!˛õÓ˚ ü Ïôƒ ˆÜ˛yöÄ §¡õÜ≈ öy Ìyܲyê˛y•z Î%!_´Î%_´– ˆÜ˛ööy Ü, £èà•¥Ó˚ˆÌ Ïܲ ˆÎ ˆÜ˛yöÄ Ó˚ܲü !Ó!ܲÓ˚î•z ˆÓ ÏÓ˚yÎ˚ öy– xyÓ˚ !Ó!ܲÓ˚î !Ó•#ö~öê ∆!˛õ ܲ“öy ܲÓ˚y ÎyÎ˚ öy– xyÓyÓ˚ Óƒy˛õyÓ˚ê˛y ~ ÏܲÓy ÏÓ˚ í z!í ¸ ÏÎ˚Ä!ò Ï°ö öy– 1974 §y Ï° •!Ü˛Ç ˆ•ÑÎ˚y!°Ó˚ §üyôyö ܲÓ˚ Ï°ö ˆÜ˛yÎ˚yrê˛yüÓ°!Óòƒy Ïܲ ܲy Ïç °y!à ÏÎ˚– §yôyÓ˚î xy Ï õ!«˛Ü˛ï˛y ~ÓÇ ˆÜ˛yÎ˚yrê˛yüï˛ Ï_¥Ó˚ ~ܲ§y ÏÌ ≤à ÏÎ˚yà ܲ ÏÓ˚ !ï˛!ö ˆòá Ï°öñ Ü, £èà•¥Ó˚ §!ï˛ƒ•z ¢!_´!Ó!ܲÓ˚î ܲ ÏÓ˚– Ü, £èà•¥Ó˚ ˆÌ Ïܲ ~•z !Ó!ܲÓ˚î Ú•!Ü˛Ç ˆÓ˚!í˛ ÏÎ˚¢öÛ ÓyÚ•!ܲÇÈÙÈˆÓ Ïܲöfiê˛y•zöÛ ˆÓ˚!í˛ ÏÎ˚¢öÛ öy Ïü !Óáƒyï˛– Î!òÄ ~•z !Ó!ܲÓ˚î•y Ïï˛ Ü˛° Ïü ôÓ˚y ÎyÎ˚!ö ~á Ïöy ï˛Ó% x Ïöܲ ˛õòyÌ≈!Ó ÏòÓ˚ ôyÓ˚îy ~•z!Ó!ܲÓ˚ ÏîÓ˚ x!hflÏc Ó˚ ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈ– xyÓ˚ ï˛y•z Î!ò •Î˚ ï˛ ÏÓ §Ó≈@ˇÃy§#Óœƒyܲ Ï•y°Ä ¢!_´ !Ó!ܲÓ˚î ܲ ÏÓ˚ ~ܲ §üÎ˚ !Ó°#ö • ÏÎ˚ Îy ÏÓ–

≤à Ïú˛§yÓ˚ •!Ü˛Ç ¢yÓ˚#!Ó˚ܲ !òܲ ˆÌ Ïܲ xyÓ˚ ˛õÑyã˛ê˛y üyö% Ï£ÏÓ˚ ü Ïï˛yfl∫yû˛y!Óܲ !åÈ Ï°ö öy– ˆ§ê˛y 1963 §y°– ï˛áö !ï˛!ö ˆÜ˛!¡∫…ç!ÓŸª!Óòƒy° ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ≤ÃÌü Ó Ï£Ï≈Ó˚ åÈye– xy•z§ÈÙȈflÒ!ê˛Ç ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛ !à ÏÎ˚ •ë˛yÍ•zˆàˆÏ°ö ˛õˆÏí˛¸– !ã˛!ܲͧyÎ˚ ôÓ˚y ˛õí˛¸° xy!üÄê˛∆!ú˛Ü˛ °ƒyˆÏê˛Ó˚y°ˆflœÒ ÏÓ˚y!§§ÈÙÙÙÈ ~ܲ ôÓ˚ ÏöÓ˚ ˆüyê˛Ó˚ !öí z ÏÓ˚yö !í˛!çç– ÓÎ˚§ ï˛áö ˆüy Ïê˛~Ü% ¢ ÓåÈÓ˚– • ÏÎ˚ ˛õí ¸ Ï°ö ˛õD%– ã˛°FåÈ!_´•#ö– ‡•z° ˆã˛Î˚yÓ˚•z •°~ܲüye §¡∫°– ü% ÏáÓ˚ x!ôܲyÇ¢ ˆ˛õ¢#Ó˚ í z õÓ˚ !öÎ˚sfî •y!Ó˚ ÏÎ˚ˆú˛° Ï°ö– Óyܲ¢!_´ •° §#!üï˛– !ã˛!ܲͧ ÏܲÓ˚y ïÑ yÓ˚ xyÎ% ˆÓÑ Ïô !ò Ï°öxyÓ˚ ò%ÈÙÈxyí ¸y•z ÓåÈÓ˚– ï˛y xÓ¢ƒ •Î˚!ö– !ã˛!ܲͧy ~ÓÇ ü ÏöÓ˚ ˆçy ÏÓ˚ܲy!ê˛ ÏÎ˚ !ò ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈö xyÓ˚Ä xô≈¢ï˛ ÏܲÓ˚Ä ˆÓ!¢ §üÎ˚– ï˛y öy •Î˚ •°–ü,ï% ƒ ïÑ yÓ˚ !˛õå%È ˆÎö åÈyí ¸ Ïï˛•z ã˛yÎ˚!ö– 1985 §y Ï° ~ܲÓyÓ˚ ˆç Ïöû˛yÎyeyÓ˚ §üÎ˚ xye´yhsˇ • Ï°ö !öí z Ïüy!öÎ˚yÎ˚– üÓ˚îy˛õߨ xÓfliy– Ÿªy§Ü˛ Ï‹T≤Ãyî Ĥ˛yàï˛– ê ∆y!Ü˛Ä Ïê˛y!ü x˛õy ÏÓ˚¢ Ïö Ÿªy§ÈÙÈ≤ߪy§ fl∫yû˛y!Óܲ • Ï°ÄÓyܲ¢!_´ ã˛ Ï° ˆà° !ã˛Ó˚ï˛ ÏÓ˚– !flõã˛ !§ö Ï̧y•zçyÓ˚ Î Ïsf ã˛° Ïï˛Ìyܲ° ü ÏöÓ˚ ܲÌy ú% !ê˛ ÏÎ˚ ˆï˛y°y– ï˛ ÏÓ ~ï˛ Óí ¸ !Ó£ÏÎ˚ ÏÜ˛Ä !ï˛!öç#Ó ÏöÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚yçÎ˚ !•§y ÏÓ ˆü Ïö ˆöö!ö– ÓÓ˚Ç ïÑ y Ïܲ ܲ ÏÓ˚ ï% Ï° ÏåÈxyÓ˚Ä x≤Ã!ï˛ ÏÓ˚yôƒñ xyÓ˚Ä ò%Ó≈yÓ˚– •yï˛ÈÙÈ˛õy ïÑ y Ïܲ §yÌ öy !ò Ï° • ÏÓܲ#⁄ ü Ïö ü Ïö â% ÏÓ˚ ˆÓ!í ¸ ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈö !ÓŸªÈÙÈÓ ·˛yu˛– xyÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚á ܲ ÏÓ˚ˆò Ïá ÏåÈö Ó ·˛y Ï[˛Ó˚ ܲyu˛ÈÙÈܲyÓ˚áyöyñ ï˛yÓ˚ Ó˚ܲü §Ü˛ü–

ç#Ó ÏöÓ˚ ˆ¢£Ï !ò Ïܲ ~ ϧ !ÓK˛yö à ÏÓ£ÏîyÓ˚ § ÏD § ÏD çö!≤ÃÎ˚!ÓK˛yö ˆ°áyÓ˚ !ò Ïܲ é%Ñ Ïܲ!åÈ Ï°ö •!ܲǖ !Ó Ï¢£Ïï˛ !ö ÏçÓ˚ !ã˛hsˇyÈÙȈã˛ï˛öy≤ç)ï˛ !ÓK˛y ÏöÓ˚ !òܲ=!° §yôyÓ˚ ÏîÓ˚ ˆÓyôàüƒ ܲ ÏÓ˚ !ÓK˛yö Ïܲ åÈ!í ¸ ÏÎ˚!ò ÏÎ˚!åÈ Ï°ö xyü çöï˛yÓ˚ üy Ï鲖 ˛õy¢y˛õy!¢ xy!Ì≈ܲ §ÇfliyöÄ •!FåÈ°–ˆÜ˛ööy ïÑ yÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!òöܲyÓ˚ !ã˛!ܲͧyÓ˚ ÓƒÎ˚ !åÈ° !Ó˛õ%° ˛õ!Ó˚üyî– ÷ô%•zxö%òy ÏöÓ˚ üyôƒ Ïü ˆ§•z x ÏÌ≈Ó˚ §Çfliyö ܲÓ˚y !åÈ° ~ܲ ܲ!ë˛ö ܲyç–

§!ï˛ƒ•z ܲü≈üÎ˚ ç#Óö !åÈ° !fiê˛ Ïú˛ö •!ܲÇÈÙÈ~Ó˚– ¢yÓ˚#!Ó˚ܲ ≤Ã!ï˛Ó¶˛Ü˛ï˛y•yÓy Ïï˛ õy ÏÓ!ö ïÑ y Ïܲ– á%Ñ!ê˛ ÏÎ á%Ñ!ê˛ ÏÎ áÎy° ܲ ÏÓ ÏåÈö ü•y!ÓŸªÈÙÈü•yܲy¢–ˆÜ˛Ó°•z üyÌyÓ˚ ˆçy ÏÓ˚– 2018 §y Ï°Ó˚ 14 üyã≈ ˆò•yÓ§yö •Î˚ ~•z≤Ã!Ìï˛Î¢y !ÓK˛yö#Ó˚–

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•!Ü˛Ç ˆÓ˚!í˛ˆÏÎ˚¢yö– ˆÎ ܲy“!öܲ ܲîy Ü,˛£èà•¥Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ Ó˚«˛y ˆ˛õ°–

Ó_,´ï˛yÓ˚ï˛ •!ܲÇ

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!ÓK˛yö ˆ°áܲ !fiê˛ Ïú˛ö •!ܲÇ

ˆÓyÓ •zö!fiê˛!ê˛í z¢ ÏöÓ xôƒy˛õܲ çÜ˛Ó ÓyÓ Ïç•z!°ÈÙÈÓܲÌy– •!ܲÇÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ü,ï% ƒÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ !ï˛!ö çy!ö ÏÎ˚!åÈ Ï°ö üye14 ÓåÈÓ˚ ÓÎ˚ ϧ A Brief History of Time Ó•z!ê˛˛õˆÏí˛¸ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ fliyöÈÙÈܲy° (space-time)ÈÙÈ~Ó˚xy˛õyï˛ x Ïã˛öy ≤Ãû˛yÓ !ö ÏÎ ≤ÃÌü Åͧ)ܲƒ ç Ïà!åÈ°–!ë˛Ü˛ 20 ÓåÈÓ Óy Ïò !ÓK˛yö# çÜ˛Ó xôƒy˛õܲ •!Ü˛Ç ÏÎÓ§ ÏD ˆÎÔÌ ï˛y!_¥Ü˛ à ÏÓ£Ïîy Ïï˛Ä xÇ¢ !ö ÏÎ˚!åÈ Ï°ö–ï˛ˆÏÓ û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ §yÓ˚°ƒ §ˆÏ_¥Ä !ӣψÏÎ˚Ó˚ ò%ˆÏÓ≈yôƒï˛yÎ˚ ~•zÓ•z!ê˛ x Ïö ÏܲÓ˚ ܲy ÏåÈ•z x˛õyë˛ƒ • ÏÎ˚ í z Ïë˛!åÈ°– xyáƒyˆ˛õ ÏÎ˚!åÈ° The most unread book !•§yˆÏÓ– •y°åÈy Ïí ¸ö!ö •!ܲǖ x Ïöܲ åÈ!Ó §• ÏÎy Ïà xy ÏÓ˚y §•çܲ ÏÓ˚ !° Ïá!åÈ Ï°ö A Brief History of Time :

A Readers Companion, The Illustrated A

Brief History of Time ~ÓÇ A Briefer History

of Time ~Ó˚ ü Ïï˛y Ó•z–A Brief History of Time ≤Ãܲy Ï¢Ó˚ ˛õÓ˚ ˆÌ Ïܲ•z çö!≤ÃÎ˚ï˛yÓ˚

5 !ÓK˛yö x Ïß∫£Ïܲ–– ˆüÈÙç%ö 2018

xôƒy˛õܲ !fiê˛ Ïú˛ö •!ܲÇÈÙÈ~Ó˚ !ÓŸªÓƒy˛õ# çö!≤ÃÎ˚ï˛yÓ˚xöƒï˛ü ≤Ãôyî ܲyÓ˚î !åÈ° çö!≤ÃÎ˚ !ÓK˛yö !Ó£ÏÎ˚ܲˆ°áy Ä Ó_, ï˛yÓ°#– ˜ÓK˛y!öܲ ˛õy![˛ Ïï˛ƒÓ˚ §#üyöyåÈy!í˛ ÏÎ !ï˛!ö ü•y!ÓŸª!ÓK˛y ÏöÓ K˛yö û˛yu˛yÓ Ïܲ ˛õÑÔ ÏåÈ!òˆÏï˛ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö §yôyÓ˚ ÏîÓ˚ ܲy ÏåÈ– 1970 §y Ï°Ó˚˛õÓ˚ Ì Ïܲ•z §Ç!Ÿ’‹T !ÓK˛yö# Ä à ÏÓ£Ïܲ ü• Ï° Î ÏÌ‹T˛õ!Ó˚!ã˛!ï˛ ˆ˛õ Ï°Ä !fiê˛ Ïú˛ö •!Ü˛Ç Ïܲ xy ÏÓ˚y ≤ÃyÎ˚ò%Ûò¢Ü˛ x Ï õ«˛y ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛ • ÏÎ˚!åÈ° xyüçöï˛yÓ˚ ܲy ÏåÈçö!≤ÃÎ˚ • ÏÎ˚ í zë˛ Ïï˛– 1988 Ïï˛ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ •Î˚ ïÑ yÓ˚!Óáƒyï˛ Ó•z A Brief History of Time– •!ܲÇÈÙÈ~Ó˚!öˆÏçÓ˚ ܲÌyÎ˚ xy!ü ~üö ~ܲ!ê˛ Ó•z !°áˆÏï˛ˆã˛ ÏÎ˚!åÈ°yü Îy !Óáƒyï˛ •zÇ ÏÓ˚ç Å˛õöƒy!§Ü˛ ˆç!ú xyã≈˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Ó•zˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õy¢y˛õy!¢ ~Î˚yÓ˚ˆÏ˛õyˆÏê ≈ ˛Ó˚Ó%ܲfiê˛°=!° Ïï˛ õyÄÎy Îy ÏÓ– §!ï˛ƒ • ÏÎ!åÈ° !ÓK˛yö#Ó

ˆflÒã˛ ≠ §¡Àyê˛ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚

fl∫≤¿– !öí z•zÎÜ≈ ê˛y•zü Ï§Ó Ófiê˛ Ï§°yÓ!° Ïfiê˛ ~ܲöyày Ïí ¸ 187 §Æy• ~ÓÇ°u˛ ÏöÓ ê˛y•zü§ õ!eܲyÓ Ófiê˛ Ï§°yÓ!° Ïfiê˛ 237 §Æy• ˆÌ Ïܲ xööƒö!çÓ˚ à Ïí ¸!åÈ° ~•z çö!≤ÃÎ˚ !ÓK˛yöÓ•z!ê˛– 40!ê˛ !Ó!û˛ß¨ û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ xö%!òï˛• ÏÎ˚ §ü@ˇÃ ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Óƒy˛õ# ~ܲ ˆÜ˛y!ê˛Ó˚ˆÓ!¢ S2013 §y° ˛õÎ≈hsˇV !Ó!e´• ÏÎ˚!åÈ° ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ~•z Ó•z– §•ç à Ïòƒ!ÓK˛yˆÏöÓ˚ ò%Ó˚*• !Ó£ÏÎ˚=ˆÏ°y§yôyÓ˚ ÏîÓ˚ çöƒ !° Ïá!åÈ°ö •!ܲǖ

xy•zöfiê˛y•z ÏöÓ˚ !Óáƒyï˛ §ü#ܲÓ˚î E = mc2 åÈyí ¸y xyÓ˚ ܲy Ïöy ày!î!ï˛Ü˛§ü#ܲÓ˚î ~•z Ó•z Ïï˛ !ï˛!ö ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ ܲ ÏÓ˚ö!ö– Ó•z!ê˛Ó˚ û) !üܲy !°á Ïï˛!à ÏÎ !Óáƒyï˛ xy Ïü!Óܲyö çƒy!ï˛!Ó≈K˛yö# xôƒy˛õܲ ܲy°≈ §yàyö ܲ ÏÎܲ!ê˛§yôyÓî ܲÔï) • Ï°Ó Ü˛Ìy í z ÏÕ‘á ܲ ÏÓ!åÈ Ï°ö– §yày ÏöÓ Ü˛ÌyÎ Ú≤ÃÜ, !ï˛ ÏܲxyüÓ˚y ˆÎüö ˆò!áñ ≤ÃÜ, !ï˛ ˆÜ˛ö ~üö •°ñ ü•y!ÓŸª ˆÜ˛y Ïa Ïܲ ~ Ï°yñ!ܲÇÓy ü•y!ÓŸª ܲ# §Ó§üÎ˚ ~áyˆÏö !åÈ°ñ ܲy°ˆÏflÀyï˛ Ü˛# ܲáˆÏöy˛õÿ˛yò‰àyü# • ÏÓ ~ÓÇ Ü˛yÎ≈ܲyÓ˚ ÏîÓ˚ ˛õ)Ó≈àyü# • ÏÓ xÌÓy üyö% Ï£ÏÓ˚ ˛õ Ï«˛Îy çyöy §Ω˛Ó ï˛yÓ˚ ܲ# ˆÜ˛y Ïöy ã˛Ó˚ü §#üy xy ÏåÈ⁄ ...˛õòy ÏÌ≈Ó˚ «% oï˛üxÇ¢ ܲ#⁄ xyüÓ˚y ˆÜ˛ö ˆÜ˛Ó° xï˛#ï˛ ü Ïö Ó˚y!á û˛!Ó£Ïƒï˛ ˆÜ˛ö ü ÏöÓ˚y!á öy⁄ ...ˆÜ˛Ó°üye ~ܲê˛y•z ü•y!Ó ÏŸªÓ˚ x!hflÏc ˆÜ˛ö Ó˚ ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈ⁄Û§yú˛ Ï°ƒÓ˚ § ÏD ~•zÓ˚ܲü x Ïöܲ ˆÜ˛Ôï) •° !öÓ˚§ö •!Ü˛Ç Ü˛ ÏÓ˚ ˆà ÏåÈöïÑ yÓ˚ ~•z Ó•z Ïï˛– ≤ÃÌyàï˛ í zFã˛!ÓK˛yö!¢«˛y åÈyí ¸y §yôyÓ˚ ÏîÓ˚ çyöy ĈÓyé˛yÓ˚ çöƒ §!ï˛ƒ•z ܲyÎ≈ܲÓ˚# û) !üܲy !ö ÏÎ˚!åÈ° ~•z A Brief History

of Time Ó•z!ê˛– ~•z ≤ç ÏD Ó°y ˆÎ Ïï˛ ˛õy ÏÓ˚ ˆÜ˛y Ï õö Ï• Ïà ÏöÓ˚ ö#°‰§

¢# Ï£Ï≈ ˆ˛õÑÔ ÏåÈ !à ÏÎ˚!åÈ Ï°ö xôƒy˛õܲ!fiê˛ˆÏú˛ö •!ܲǖ 1993 §yˆÏ°≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ •Î˚ Black Hole and

Baby Universes and others

essays– 1976 ˆÌˆÏܲ 1992§yˆÏ°Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ 14!ê˛ ≤ÃÓ¶˛ !òˆÏÎ˚§yçy Ïöy ~•z Ó•z Ïï˛ ò%Ó˚y ÏÓ˚yàƒ ˆüyê˛Ó˚!öí˛zˆÏÓ˚yˆÏöÓ˚ x§%á (ALS) Äxyd ÏçÓ!öܲ âê˛öy ˛õÓ˚¡õÓ˚yÓ˚ §y ÏÌ!fiê˛ Ïú˛ö !ü!° ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈö !ö ÏçÓ˚ !ÓK˛yöÈÙÈò¢≈ö ~ÓÇ !ÓŸªÓ ·˛yˆÏ[˛Ó˚ ≤ÃÜ,˛!ï˛

Ó ·˛y Ï[˛Ó˚ ≤ÃÜ, !ï˛ Óƒyáƒy ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛ !à ÏÎ˚x Ïöܲ !ÓK˛yö# Ó Ï° ÏåÈö !flT…Ç !ÌÄ!ÓÓܲÌy– §üÎ˚ê˛y 2001 §y°– xyÓyÓ˚Ó•z !°á Ï°ö xôƒy˛õܲ •!ܲǖ Óƒy˛õܲxy Ï õ!«˛Ü˛ï˛yÓyòñ !flT…Ç !ÌÄ!Ó˚ñ fiê˛yÓ˚ˆê˛∆ܲñ ê˛y•zü ˆü!¢ö ~ÓÇ ≤ÃyˆÏîÓ˚~ܲܲ DNA §Ó!ܲå%ȈÏܲ !öˆÏÎ˚xyô%!öܲ àˆÏÓ£Ïîy°∏˛ ˜ÓK˛y!öܲò,!‹Tû˛!D Ä ≤Ãã% Ó˚ åÈ!Ó §• ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛•° §%ò,¢ƒ Ó•z The Universe in

a Nutshell– §%á˛õyë˛ƒ Ó•z!ê˛ 2002

ÓƒyáƒyÎ˚ !ö ÏçÓ˚ à ÏÓ£Ïîy°∏˛ û˛yÓöy=!° Ïܲ–ï˛yÓ˚ õÓ˚ §ü ÏÎ˚Ó˚ § ÏD § ÏD xy ÏÓ˚y ~!à ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈ üyöÓ§û˛ƒï˛yÓ˚ ≤ÃK˛y–

6 !ÓK˛yö x Ïß∫£Ïܲ–– ˆüÈÙç%ö 2018

§y Ï° §¡øyö#Î˚ Royal Society Insight Investment Science

Book Prize ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°–çö!≤ÃÎ˚ !ÓK˛yö Ó•z åÈyí ¸yÄ ≤ÃÌyàï˛ !ÓK˛y ÏöÓ˚ ≤Ã!¢«˛î≤ÃyÆ ÏòÓ˚

2007 §y Ï° ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ •Î˚ ïÑ yÓ˚ ˆ°áy ˆåÈy Ïê˛y ÏòÓ˚ çöƒ çç≈ !§!Ó˚ ÏçÓ˚≤ÃÌü Ó•z George’s Secret Key to the Universe– fl%Ò° ˛õí YÎ˚yˆÜ˛Ôï) •°# ˆåÈy ÏRy ˆåÈ Ï° ç Ïç≈Ó˚ xƒyí˛ Ïû˛M˛Èy ÏÓ˚Ó˚ à“– ü•yܲy¢!Óòƒy§¡õ!Ü≈ ï˛ xyô%!öܲ K˛y ÏöÓ˚ §y ÏÌ Ü˛“öy !ü!¢ ÏÎ˚ °%!§ Ä !fiê˛ Ïú˛öÓ% Ïö ÏåÈö ~ܲ x§yôyÓ˚î ܲy!•!öÓ˚ çy°– ï˛yÓ˚ õÓ˚ ~ Ïܲ ~ Ïܲ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛

ˆçƒy!ï˛!Ó≈òƒy ˆÌ Ïܲ ÷Ó˚& ܲ ÏÓ˚ xyô%!öܲ ˛õòyÌ≈!ÓòƒyÓ˚ Îyey˛õÌ Ïܲ §%àüܲ ÏÓ˚ ÏåÈ– !ë˛Ü˛ !ï˛ö ÓåÈ ÏÓ˚Ó˚ üyÌyÎ˚ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ •Î˚ xy ÏÓ˚ܲ!ê˛ Ó•z God

Created the Integers– !ë˛Ü˛ xy ÏàÓ˚ Ó•z!ê˛Ó˚ ü Ïï˛y ~•z Ó•z Ïï˛Ä!ï˛!ö ˆÓ ÏåÈ !ö ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈö •zí z!Üœ í˛ñ xy!Ü≈ !ü!í˛§ñ °ƒy˛õ°y§ñ !öí zê˛ö §•

åÈyí ¸yÄ §ü§yü!Î˚ܲ ≤Ãç Ïß√Ó˚ xöƒï˛ü !ã˛hsˇÜ˛ !åÈ Ï°ö xôƒy˛õܲ •!ܲǖ~ܲ!ò Ïܲ ˆÎüö !û˛ ÏÎ˚ï˛öy ÏüÓ˚ Î%k˛ Óy í z õ§yàÓ˚#Î˚ Î% Ïk˛Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛Óy Ïòò,ì˛û˛y ÏÓ !ö ÏçÓ xÓfliyö çy!ö ÏÎ ÏåÈöñ xöƒ!ò Ïܲ ï˛ü!ö Ü, !_ü Ó%!k˛ü_yñ§û˛ƒï˛yÓ˚ í zߨ!ï˛ Ïï˛ e´üÓô≈üyö ¢!_´Ó˚ ã˛y!•òyñ ˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ Ï¢Ó˚ û˛yÓ˚§yüƒ ö‹T≤Ãû, !ï˛ !Ó!û˛ß¨ !Ó£ÏÎ˚ !ö ÏÎ˚Ä ÓyÓ˚ ÓyÓ˚ !ö ÏçÓ˚ üï˛yüï˛ ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲ ÏÓ˚ ÏåÈö–˜ò!•Ü˛ ≤Ã!ï˛Ó¶˛Ü˛ï˛y ~ï˛ê% Ü% áÓ≈ ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛ ˛õy ÏÓ˚!ö ïÑ yÓ˚ sense of

humour Ïܲ– ˆÜ˛Ó°üye !ÓK˛yö Ïܲ §¡∫° ܲ ÏÓ˚ ˛õÑyã˛ ò¢ ÏܲÓ˚Ä ˆÓ!¢§üÎ˚ ≤ÃÓ°û˛y ÏÓ ˆÓÑ Ïã˛ !åÈ Ï°ö !fiê˛ Ïú˛ö •!ܲǖ xy«˛!Ó˚ܲ x ÏÌ≈•z • ÏÎ˚í z Ïë˛!åÈ Ï°ö ˆ§!°!Ó !ê˛ !ÓK˛yö#– çö!≤ÃÎ˚ !ÓK˛yö ˆ°áy Ä Ó_, ï˛yÓ˚ ü Ïôƒ!ò ÏÎ˚ !ÓŸªÓ ·˛yu˛§• ≤ÃyÜ, !ï˛Ü˛ !öÎ˚ü ܲyö%ö çyöy Ä ˆÓyé˛yÓ˚ òÓ˚çy§yôyÓ˚ ÏîÓ˚ çöƒ á% Ï° !ò ÏÎ˚ k˛ ܲ ÏÓ˚ ˆà ÏåÈö üyöÓ §û˛ƒï˛y Ïܲ–

ܲÌy üyÌyÎ˚ ˆÓ˚ Ïá ~•z ò¢ Ïܲxy ÏÓ˚y ò%!ê˛ Ó•z !° Ïá!åÈ Ï°öxôƒy˛õܲ •!ܲǖ 2002 §y Ï°≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ •Î On the Shoul-

ders of Giants– 1280˛õ,¤˛yÓ˚ ò#â≈ Ó•z!ê˛ Ïï˛ xy ÏåÈˆÜ˛y˛õyÓ˚!öܲy§ñ ˆÜ˛˛õ°yÓ˚ñàƒy!°!°Äñ !öí˛ zê ˛öñxy•zöfiê˛y•zö ÏòÓ˚ ÓyåÈy•z ܲÓ˚yˆüÔ!°Ü˛ à ÏÓ£Ïîy ≤ÃÓ¶˛=!°–ü)° ≤ÃÓ¶˛=!°Ó˚ § ÏD ˆ°áܲ•!Ü˛Ç ÷!ö ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈö ܲ# ܲ ÏÓ˚~•z ü•yö !ÓK˛yö# ÏòÓ à ÏÓ£Ïîy

•Î˚ George's Cosmic

Treasure Hunt (2009),

George and the Big

Bang S2011V, George

and the Unbreakable

Code S2014V ~ÓÇGeorge and the Blue

Moon S2016V– ~Ó˚ üy Ïé˛2013 §yˆ Ï° !ï˛!ö!° Ïá!åÈ Ï°ö xydç#Óö#ü)°Ü˛Ó•z My Brief History –§ú˛° !ÓK˛yö# Ä çö!≤ÃÎ˚!ÓK˛yö ˆ°áܲ ~•z ò%•z §_¥y

15 çö !ÓŸª!Óáƒyï˛ à!îï˛ ÏK˛Ó˚ 25!ê˛ =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈ §yú˛°ƒ Ïܲ– xôƒy˛õܲ•!Ü˛Ç ÏÎ˚Ó˚ §¡õyòöyÎ˚ 1184 ˛õ,¤˛yÓ˚ ~•z Ó•z!ê˛ ˆÎö • ÏÎ˚ í z Ïë˛ ÏåÈ ò#â≈xyí ¸y•z •yçyÓ˚ ÓåÈÓ˚ ô ÏÓ˚ ã˛° Ïï˛ Ìyܲy ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈ ö¢#° à!îï˛ û˛yÓöyÓ˚§yú˛ Ï°ƒÓ˚ á!ï˛Î˚yö– !Ó!û˛ß¨ §ü ÏÎ˚ Ó˚çyÓ˚ ˆ˛õö ÏÓ˚yçñ !ܲ˛õ Ìö≈ñ !°Äöyò≈ˆ°y!ò Ïöy §• xy ÏÓ˚y ܲ ÏÎ˚ܲçö !ÓK˛yö#Ó˚ §y ÏÌ ˆÎÔÌû˛y ÏÓ Ó•z!° Ïá!åÈ Ï°ö !fiê˛ Ïú˛ö •!ܲǖ

≤ÃÜ, !ï˛ Ïܲ çyöyÓ˚ x˛õyÓ˚ ˆÜ˛Ôï) •° !ï˛!ö åÈ!í ¸ ÏÎ˚ !ò Ïï˛ ˆã˛ ÏÎ˚!åÈ Ï°öfl%Ò° ˛õí˛YÎ˚y !ܲˆÏ¢yÓ˚ÈÙÈ!ܲˆÏ¢yÓ˚# ÏòÓ˚ ü ÏôƒÄ– ˆü ÏÎ˚ °%!§ •!Ü˛Ç ÏÎ˚Ó˚ §y ÏÌ M : 9434377067 m E-mail : [email protected]

ç Î˚ ◊# ò _

ˆÎ àyåÈ ò%ô ˆòÎ˚

çyü≈yö ≤ÃÜ, !ï˛!Óò ÓƒyÓ˚ö û˛ö •yü ÏÓyŒê˛ xyÓ˚ ú˛Ó˚y!§ í z!qò!Óò ~!üÓö≤’yu˛ ˆÓ!Ó˚ ÏÎ˚!åÈ Ï°ö Ó,«˛ x!û˛Îy Ïö– •z ÏFåÈ !åÈ° öï% ö öï% ö àyåÈá%Ñ Ïç ˆÓí ¸y ÏöyÓ˚– §üÎ˚ê˛y 1799 ˆÌ Ïܲ 1804ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ü Ïôƒ ˆÜ˛yöÄ~ܲê˛y ÓåÈÓ˚– ˆ§ §üÎ˚ ïÑ yÓ˚y ˆ˛õÑÔ ÏåÈ!åÈ Ï°ö ò!«˛î xy Ïü!Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ˆû˛ˆÏöç%ˆÏÎ˚°yˆÏï˛– ÄáyˆÏö ~ܲê˛y àyåÈ ˆòˆÏá ïÑ˛yÓ˚y xÓyܲ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆà!åÈ Ï°ö– ÷ܲ Ïöy xö%Ó≈Ó˚ ˛õy•y Ïí ¸Ó˚ úÑ y Ïܲ òy!í ¸ ÏÎ˚ Ìyܲy ÷!ܲ ÏÎ˚ÎyÄÎ˚y Óí ¸ ~ܲê˛y àyåÈ– àyåÈê˛y ˆò Ïá ïÑ y ÏòÓ˚ ü Ïö • ÏÎ˚!åÈ° Äê˛y Óê˛Óy í% ü%Ó˚ çyï˛#Î˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ àyåÈó ˛õyï˛y x Ïöܲê˛y í% ü%Ó˚ ˛õyï˛yÓ˚ ü Ïï˛yÓí ¸– áÓ˚á ÏÓ˚ ˛õyï˛y= Ï°yÄ ÷!ܲ ÏÎ˚ ˆà ÏåÈ– ïÑ yÓ˚y ˆòá Ï°ö ˆÎ àyåÈê˛y ÏܲÄÑÓ˚y ˆû˛ ÏÓ!åÈ Ï°ö ÷!ܲ ÏÎ˚ ˆà ÏåÈñ fliyö#Î˚ xy!òÓy§# •z!u˛Î˚yöÓ˚y ~ ϧˆ§•z ày ÏåÈÓ˚ Óyܲ°•z !ã˛ ÏÓ˚ !ò°ñ xyÓ˚ ï˛áö•z ˆ§•z ˆã˛Ó˚y çyÎ˚ày !ò ÏÎ˚ˆÓ!Ó˚ ÏÎ˚ ~ ϧ!åÈ° ò% ÏôÓ˚ ü Ïï˛y §yòy ï˛Ó˚° ˛õòyÌ≈ó ï˛yÓ˚y ˛õye û˛ ÏÓ˚!ö ÏÎ˚ ˆà° ˆ§•z ò%ô– ÄÓ˚y ˆ§•z ï˛Ó˚° ˛õòyÌ≈ ò% ÏôÓ˚ ü Ïï˛y•z ˛õyö ܲÓ˚ï˛–fliyö#Î˚ xy!òÓy§#Ó˚y •yü ÏÓyŒê˛ ÏòÓ˚ Ä•z ò%ô ˛õyö ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛ !ò ÏÎ˚!åÈ°–˛õyö˛õyeê˛y ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲ ÏÓ˚!åÈ° ܲy°yÓy§ ú˛ Ï°Ó˚ ˆáy°y !ò ÏÎ˚ó ܲy°yÓy§ú˛°ê˛y Ïܲ xyüÓ˚y Úò%!Ó˚Î˚y ÏÓ°Û öy ÏüÄ !ã˛!ö– ú˛ Ï°Ó˚ ˆáy°yê˛y ˆÓ Ï°Ó˚ü Ïï˛y•z ¢_´– ú˛°= Ï°y Óí ¸ñ ≤ÃyÎ˚ ò¢ ö¡∫Ó˚ ú% ê˛Ó Ï°Ó˚ xyܲy ÏÓ˚– ú˛ Ï°Ó˚¢Ñy ϧÓ˚ Ó˚ä ܲy Ï°y !ܲv fl∫yò x Ïöܲê˛y ˆÓ Ï°Ó˚ ü Ïï˛y–

•yü ÏÓyŒê˛ !° Ïá ÏåÈöñ Î ÏÌ‹T ˛õ!Ó˚üy Ïî ˙ ò%ô ˆá ÏÎ˚•z ïÑ˛yÓ˚y Ó˚y Ïï˛÷ Ïï˛ ˆà!åÈ Ï°ö– Ä•z ò%ô àÓy!ò ˛õ÷Ó˚ ò% ÏôÓ˚ ˆÌ Ïܲ ~ܲê% ˆÓ!¢ âö• Ï°Ä ˆá Ïï˛ áyÓ˚y˛õ öÎ˚– ÄáyöܲyÓ˚ ˆ«˛ Ïï˛ ÎyÓ˚y ܲyç ܲ ÏÓ˚ ï˛yÓ˚yÄ•z ò%ô ˛õyö ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ § ÏD § ÏD û% RyÓ˚ Ó˚&!ê˛Ä Ä•z ò% Ïô !û˛!ç ÏÎ˚ áyÎ˚–ÄáyöܲyÓ˚ Ü, !£Ï áyüy ÏÓ˚Ó˚ Äû˛yÓ˚!§Î˚Ó˚ •yü ÏÓyŒê˛ ÏòÓ˚ Ó Ï°!åÈ Ï°öñ Ü, !£Ïáyüy ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲü≈ã˛yÓ˚#Ó˚y Ä•z ò%ô ˆÓ!¢ ˛õ!Ó˚üy Ïî ˆá Ï° ˆüyê˛y • ÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚–

•yü ÏÓyŒê˛ ÏòÓ˚ Ä•z ò%ô ˆá ÏÎ˚ ü Ïö • ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈö ò%ôê˛y !ü!‹T Ä §%fl∫yò%–ï˛ ÏÓ Ä•z ò% ÏôÓ˚ xƒy!flT…ö Ïçrê˛ ô Ïü≈Ó˚ çöƒ ˆëÑ yê˛ Ä ï˛y°% Ïï˛ ~ܲê% ê˛yöôˆÏÓ˚–

àyåÈê˛yÓ !ÓK˛yö §¡øï˛ öyü Ó !§üyü àƒy°y ÏQy Ïí˛öí» ö (Brosimum

galactodendron D. Don ex sweet)– •zÇ ÏÓ˚!ç Ïï˛ Ó Ï° ܲyí˛z !ê˛∆

(Cow Tree), ˆàyeÈÙÙÙÈ ˆüyˆÏÓ˚!§ (Family Maraceae)– ≤çDï˛ÉÓê˛ Ä í% ü%Ó˚Ä ˆüy ÏÓ˚!§ ˆày ÏeÓ˚ àyåÈ–

~ê˛y 30 !üê˛y ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ü Ïï˛y °¡∫y !ã˛Ó˚§Ó%ç àyåÈ– ~Ó˚ ˆ§yçy ˆày°=Ñ!í ¸ê˛yÓ˚ Óƒy§ 75 ˆ§!ü ˆÌ Ïܲ 115 ˆ§!ü ˛õÎ≈hsˇ • Ïï˛ ˛õy ÏÓ˚–˛õyï˛y= Ï°y Óí ¸ñ ~ܲܲ ˛õeñ ˛õyï˛yÓ˚ ôyÓ˚ ü§,î– Ü˛ƒy!˛õ Ïê˛ê˛ çyï˛#Î˚˛õ%‹õüOÓ˚# Ïï˛ ~ܲê˛y üye flf# ú% ° xyÓ˚ x Ïöܲ= Ï°y ˛õ%Ó˚&£Ï ú% ° Ìy Ïܲ–ú˛°= Ï°y ¢Ñy§ Î%_´ ˆày°yܲyÓ˚– ú˛ Ï° x Ïöܲ Ó#ç Ìy Ïܲ–

Ó !§üyˆÏüÓ˚ ò%ô üyˆÏÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ Ó%ˆÏܲÓ˚ ò%ˆÏôÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚üyî Óy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ˆòÎ˚– ï˛y•zfliyö#Î˚ xy!òÓy§# ÏòÓ˚ ü Ïôƒ Ó% ÏܲÓ˚ ò%ô áyÄÎ˚yö ~üö üy ÏÎ˚Ó˚y ~•z ò%ôˆÓ!¢ áyö–

ày ÏåÈÓ˚ ò%ôê˛y ˆÓ˚ Ïá !ò Ï° ï˛yÓ˚ IJõÓ˚ ˆüyê˛y §Ó˚ ˛õ ÏÓ˚– ˆ§•z §Ó˚xy°yòy ܲ ÏÓ˚ ï% Ï° Ó˚&!ê˛Ó˚ IJõ ÏÓ˚ ã˛# ÏçÓ˚ ü Ïï˛y !Ó!åÈ ÏÎ˚ !ò ÏÎ˚ áyÄÎ˚yÎyÎ˚– fliyö#Î˚ x!ôÓy§# ÏòÓ˚ ܲy ÏåÈ •yü ÏÓyŒê˛ çyö Ïï˛ ˛õy ÏÓ˚ö ˙ §Ó˚ Óy!ܲï˛Ó˚° ò%ôê˛y Ïܲ ê˛ Ïܲ ÎyÄÎ˚y ˆÌ Ïܲ Ó˚«˛y ܲ ÏÓ˚– ˛õÑyã˛ÈÙÈåÈÎ˚ !òö • ÏÎ˚ ˆà Ï°Ä•z §Ó˚ê˛y ê˛ Ïܲ ÎyÎ˚–

÷ô% ò%ô öÎ˚ñ ~Ó˚ ú˛°Ä áyòƒ=î §ü,k˛– Ó#ç §• ú˛°= Ï°y fliyö#Î˚x!ôÓy§#Ó˚y ˆ§k˛ ܲ ÏÓ˚ ö%ö !ò ÏÎ˚ ˆá ÏÎ˚ Ìy Ïܲ–

Ü, £Ï ÏܲÓ˚y ~•z ày ÏåÈÓ˚ ܲ!ã˛ í˛y° Ä ˛õyï˛y àÓy!ò ˛õ÷ ÏòÓ˚ áyÄÎ˚yÎ˚ñ~Ó˚ ú˛ Ï° Ä ÏòÓ˚ ò% ÏôÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚üyî !ò Ïö ≤ÃyÎ˚ ~ܲ ˆÌ Ïܲ ò%Û !°ê˛yÓ˚ ˛õÎ≈hsˇˆÓ Ïí ¸ ÎyÎ˚– ˛õyܲfli°#Ó˚ x§%á Ä •ç ÏüÓ˚ à[˛ Ïày Ï° ~•z ò%ô Ä£Ï% ÏôÓ˚ܲyç ܲ ÏÓ˚– ò% ÏôÓ˚ §Ó˚ ã% ƒ•zÇày ÏüÓ˚ ü Ïï˛y ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y •Î˚–

ày ÏåÈÓ˚ Óyܲ° ˆüyê˛y ܲy˛õí ¸ Ä Ü˛¡∫° ˜ï˛!Ó˚ Ïï˛ ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y •Î˚–ày ÏåÈÓ˚ ܲyë˛ â ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆü Ïé˛ Ä xy§ÓyÓ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ Ïï˛ ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y •Î˚–

Îï˛ ò)Ó˚ çyöy ÎyÎ˚ üyÎ˚y §û˛ƒï˛yÓ˚ §üÎ˚Ä ~•z ày ÏåÈÓ˚ ã˛y£Ï •ï˛–Óï≈ üy Ïö û˛yÓ˚ï˛ñ ◊#°B˛yñ •z Ï®y Ïö!¢Î˚y Ïï˛ ~•z ày ÏåÈÓ˚ ã˛y£Ï • ÏFåÈ– Ó#çåÈyí ¸yÄ §Ó%ç í˛y Ï°Ó˚ ܲ°ü ܲ ÏÓ˚Ä ~•z ày ÏåÈÓ˚ ã˛y£Ï ܲÓ˚y •Î˚–

àÓ˚&Ó˚ ò% ÏôÓ˚ !Óܲ“ !•§y ÏÓ Î!ò ~•z ày ÏåÈÓ˚ ò%ô ≤Ãã˛!°ï˛ • Ïï˛ ˛õy ÏÓ˚ï˛ ÏÓ •Î˚ï˛ àÓ˚&Ó˚ ò% Ïô xfl∫yfliƒÜ˛Ó˚ û˛çy° òÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ≤ÃÓîï˛y ܲü Ïï˛ õy ÏÓ˚–

M : 9831060548 m E-mail : [email protected]

7 !ÓK˛yö x Ïß∫£Ïܲ–– ˆüÈÙç%ö 2018

x !ü ï˛y û˛ ã˛ e´ Ó ï≈ #

öï% ö à ÏÓ£ÏîyÓ˚ x!° Ï®üD° @ˇÃ Ï• ˆÓ˚y ÏÓyê˛ üy!åÈ ˛õyë˛y ÏÓ öy§y

8 !ÓK˛yö x Ïß∫£Ïܲ–– ˆüÈÙç%ö 2018

!ÓK˛yö#Ó˚y §!ï˛ƒ fl∫≤¿ ˆòáyÓ˚ §y•§ Ó˚y Ïáö– àï˛ 30 ˆ¢ üyã≈ ~üö•z ~ܲˆây£Ïîy ܲ ÏÓ˚ ÏåÈ ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ xöƒï˛ü ü•yܲy¢ à ÏÓ£Ïܲ §Çfliy öy§y– xyüy ÏòÓ˚§Ó Ïã˛ ÏÎ˚ ܲy ÏåÈÓ˚ °y° @ˇÃ•!ê˛Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ¢ÈÙÈ≤ÃÜ, !ï˛ Ïܲ xy ÏÓ˚y û˛y Ï°yû˛y ÏÓ çyöyÓ˚çöƒ xò)Ó˚ û˛!ӣσ Ïï˛ ˆ§áy Ïö ˆÓ˚y ÏÓyê˛ üy!åÈ ˛õyë˛y ÏÓö ï˛yÓ˚y– ~Ó˚ xy ÏàÄöy§yÓ˚ ˛õyë˛y Ïöy ˆ§y ÏçyÓ˚öyÓ˚ Ä !ܲí z!Ó˚Ä!§!ê˛ öy Ïü ò%!ê˛ ˆÓ˚y ÏÓyê˛ üD Ï°Ó˚üy!ê˛ Ïï˛ â% ÏÓ˚ â% ÏÓ˚ ≤Ãã% Ó˚ ï˛Ìƒ Ä åÈ!Ó §Ç@ˇÃ• ܲ ÏÓ˚ ÏåÈ– ܲyÓ≈öí˛y•zÈÙÈx:y•zí˛ §ü,k˛˛õyï˛°y ÓyÎ˚Ó#Î˚ xyÓ•yÄÎ˚y §• ~•z @ˇÃ•!ê˛Ó˚ í z£è û) ≤ÃÜ, !ï˛Ó˚ §y ÏÌ ˆÎö ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚!ܲå%Èê˛y !ü° ˛õyÄÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚– ï˛ ÏÓ xy ÏÓ˚y ï˛Ìƒ §Ç@ˇÃ Ï•Ó˚ çöƒ x Ïöܲ ˆÓ!¢ ܲ ÏÓ˚â% ÏÓ˚ ˆÓí ¸y Ïï˛ • ÏÓ ~áyöܲyÓ˚ xyöy Ïã˛ Ü˛yöy Ïã˛– ï˛y•z ~•z ˆÓ˚y ÏÓyê˛ üy!åÈÓ˚˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy– öy§yÓ˚ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 4 ˆ§!rê˛!üê˛yÓ˚ ò#â≈ üy§≈Ó# (Marsbee) Ó˚y

Ó˚#!ï˛ü Ïï˛y í˛yöy é˛y˛õ Ïê˛ í z Ïí ¸ ˆÓí ¸y ÏÓ ˆ§áyöܲyÓ˚ ü,ï˛ xy Ï@¿Î˚!à!Ó˚ Ä ç°•#ö §ü%oáyò Î%_´ í z õï˛ƒÜ˛yÎ˚– ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ ï% °öyÎ˚ ≤ÃyÎ˚ ~ܲ ï, ï˛#Î˚yÇ¢ü•yܲ£Ï≈#Î˚ Ó° §¡õߨ ~•z @ˇÃ•!ê˛Ó˚ çöƒ xï˛ƒyô%!öܲ ≤ÃÎ%!_´Ó˚ üyôƒ Ïü üy§≈Ó#Ó˚ !í˛çy•zö ˜ï˛!Ó˚ Ïï˛ ÓƒhflÏ ~áö öy§yÓ˚ ò%•z ò° à ÏÓ£Ïܲ–

~ܲê% ܲ ÏÓ˚y ˆç!° öçÓ˚ Ó˚yá ÏÓ ˆò Ï•Ó˚ x!: Ïç ÏöÓ˚ üyeyÓ˚ í z õÓ˚

xyܲy ÏÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ ã˛y Ï°Ó˚ òyöyÓ˚ ˆã˛ ÏÎ˚Ä ˆåÈy Ïê˛yñ ˆò Ï•Ó˚ ã˛yüí ¸yÎ˚ ˆàÑ ÏÌ ˆòÄÎ˚y ~üö•z ~ܲê% ܲ ÏÓ˚y xö%≤Ãû˛ (phosphorescent) •y•z Ïí»˛y Ïç° §Ó≈òyöçÓ˚òy!Ó˚ ã˛y°y ÏÓ xyüy ÏòÓ˚ ˆò Ï•Ó˚ x!: Ïç ÏöÓ˚ üyeyÓ˚ í z õÓ˚– !Ó Ï¢£Ïû˛y ÏÓ ≤Ã›ï˛ ˆ§™Ó˚Î%_´ ~•z ˆç Ï°Ó˚ ê% ܲ ÏÓ˚y!ê˛ ˆá Ï°yÎ˚yÓ˚ ÏòÓ˚ §!ë˛Ü˛ ¢yÓ˚#!Ó˚ܲ≤Ã!¢«˛î Óy ˆÜ˛y Ïöy ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚ !ã˛!ܲͧyÎ˚ ܲyÎ≈ܲÓ˚# û) !üܲy ˛õy°ö ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛ §«˛ü– ~•z ˛õòyÌ≈!ê˛Ó˚ í zqyÓܲ ò Ï°Ó˚ xöƒï˛ü §ò§ƒ Ä à ÏÓ£Ïܲ öyï˛y!°í˛z•z§!ö ÏÎ˚§‰!ܲ (Natalie Wisniewski)ÈÙÈÓ˚ ˆò Ï• §y ÏÓ˚ ã˛yÓ˚ ÓåÈ ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆÓ!¢ §üÎ˚ ô ÏÓ˚ §ú˛° û˛y ÏÓ Ü˛yç ܲ ÏÓ˚ ã˛ Ï° ÏåÈ ~•z ˆ§™Ó˚Î%_´ ˆç°– •zòy!öǧyöú y!™§ ÏܲyÓ˚ ~ܲ ˆÜ˛y¡õy!ö ˆ≤Ãyú% §y (Profusa) ˛õòyÌ≈!ê˛ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲÓ˚ ÏåÈö– ˛õ!° S2ÈÙÈ•y•zí» !:•zÌy•z° !üÌye´y•z Ï°ê˛V !ò ÏÎ˚ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ˆç!° §ò,¢ ~•z•y•z Ïí» y Ïç°!ê˛ §yôyÓ˚îï˛É ܲöê˛yQ ˆ° Ï™ ÓƒÓ•*ï˛ •Î˚ ~ÓÇ ˆÜ˛y Ïöy «˛!ï˛Ü˛Ó˚ ≤Ãû˛yÓ åÈyí ¸y•z ˆò Ï•Ó˚ §y ÏÌ ò#â≈!òö §ÇÎ%_´ Ìyܲ Ïï˛ ˛õy ÏÓ˚–

!ܲå%È!òö xy Ïà•z !öí z ÄÓ˚°ƒy Ï™ xy Ïü!Ó˚ܲyö ˆÜ˛!üܲƒy° ˆ§y§y•z!ê˛Ó˚ ~ܲ § Ï¡ø° Ïö !ö Ïç ÏòÓ˚ ~•z §yú˛ Ï°ƒÓ˚ ܲÌy Óƒyáƒy ܲ ÏÓ˚ öyï˛y!°Ó Ï° ÏåÈö ˆåÈy ÏRy ~•z ˆ§™Ó˚Î%_´ ˛õòyÌ≈!ê˛Ó˚ ˆÜ˛y Ïöy •z Ï°Ü˛ê ∆!öܲ Óy ˆüܲy!öܲƒy° ˛õyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˆ§y§≈ ˆö•zñ ï˛y § Ï_¥Ä ˆò Ï•Ó˚ ã˛yüí ¸yÎ˚ ˆÜ˛Ó°üye~ܲ!ê˛ x˛õ!ê˛Ü˛ƒy° !Ó˚í˛yÓ˚ fliy˛õ ÏöÓ˚ üyôƒ Ïü ˆò Ï• x!: Ïç ÏöÓ˚ üyey ˛õ!Ó˚üy Ï õ §«˛ü– ˆò• ˆÌ Ïܲ ˆÓ!Ó˚ ÏÎ˚ xy§y xÓ Ï°y!•ï˛ xy Ï°yܲÓ˚!Ÿ¬(Infrared light) •y•z Ïí» y Ïç Ï° Ìyܲy !Ó Ï¢£Ï xö%≤Ãû˛ Ó˚Oܲ Sܲï˛=!° !ö!ò≈‹T porphyrin dye) myÓ˚y !ã˛!•´ï˛ • ÏÎ˚ ~•z ܲyç!ê˛ Ü˛ ÏÓ˚ Ìy Ïܲ–xy Ïü!Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ üƒy§yã% ƒ Ï§ê‰ § •zö!fiê˛!ê˛í zê˛ xú˛ ˆê˛Ü˛ Ïöy°!ç (MIT)ÈÙÈÓ˚ ˆÜ˛!üܲƒy° •z!O!öÎ˚yÓ˚ üy•z Ïܲ° flT…y ÏöyÓ˚ ü Ïï˛ xyüy ÏòÓ˚ ˆò Ï•Ó˚ ˆÎ ˆÜ˛y Ïöy≤Ã!e´Î˚y xy§ Ï° x§ÇრÓ˚y§yÎ˚!öܲ §Ç Ïܲï˛Óy•# xyhsˇç≈y Ï°Ó˚ §üß∫ ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ≤Ãû˛yÓ– ï˛y•z «% o Îsf ≤Ã!ï˛fliy˛õ ÏöÓ˚ ü Ïï˛y ~•z Ó˚ܲü ≤ÃÎ%!_´ ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ܲ ÏÓ˚ fl∫yfliƒ §¡∫¶˛#Î˚ xy ÏÓ˚y x Ïöܲ ï˛Ìƒ xy•Ó˚î ܲÓ˚y òÓ˚ܲyÓ˚–

ˆ§™Ó˚Î%_´ •y•z Ïí» y Ïç° ˜ï˛!Ó˚Ó˚ ˆÜ˛y¡õyö# ˆ≤Ãyú% §yÓ˚ à ÏÓ£Ïܲò° ~áö á%Ñ Ïç ã˛ Ï° ÏåÈö ~üö !ܲå%È Ó˚Oܲ ˆÎ=!° ˆò Ï• @’% Ïܲyç Óy ܲyÓ≈öí˛y•zÈÙÈx:y•z Ïí˛Ó˚ ü Ïï˛y =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈ Ó˚y§yÎ˚!öܲ ˛õòyÌ≈=!°Ó˚ üyey !öî≈ ÏÎ˚ ܲyÎ≈ܲÓ˚# • ÏÎ˚ í zë˛ ÏÓ– öyï˛y!° í z•z§!ö ÏÎ˚§‰!ܲ fl∫≤¿ ˆò Ïáö xy ÏÓ˚y §•ç~üö ˆÜ˛y Ïöy !ܲå%È xy!Ó‹Òy ÏÓ˚Ó˚ Îy xò)Ó˚ û˛!ӣσ Ïï˛ ˆÜ˛Ó°üye ã˛yüí ¸yÎ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛fliy˛õö Óy •z ÏOܲ¢ ÏöÓ˚ üyôƒ Ïü ˆò Ï• ≤à ÏÓ¢ ܲ!Ó˚ ÏÎ˚ í˛yÎ˚y ÏÓ!ê˛§~ÓÇ xöƒyöƒ x§% ÏáÓ˚ ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚ ˆò Ï• °yàyï˛yÓ˚ §!ë˛Ü˛ ˛õÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛î §Ω˛Ó • ÏÓ–

x !ö ®ƒ ˆò

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ü!•°y !ÓK˛yö# ≠2

9 !ÓK˛yö x Ïß∫£Ïܲ–– ˆüÈÙç%ö 2018

xy•zöfiê˛y•z ÏöÓ ü Ïï˛ !ï˛!ö à!î Ïï˛Ó•z!ï˛•yˆÏ§Ó˚ §ÓˆÏ̈Ïܲ =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈öyÓ˚#ã˛!Ó˚e– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ í˛z˛õ˛õyòƒˆÏܲ!˛õÌyˆÏàyÓ˚yˆÏ§Ó˚ í˛z˛õ˛õyˆÏòƒÓ˚ §yˆÏÌ~ܲ ˛õÇ!_´ˆÏï˛ Ó§yˆÏöyÓ˚ ܲÌyˆû˛ ÏÓ ÏåÈö ˆöy ÏÓ°çÎ˚# ˛õòyÌ≈!Óò‰!°Ä ˆ°í˛yÓ˚üƒyö– !e´ˆÏfiê˛yú˛yÓ˚!• Ï°Ó˚ §y ÏÌ ˆ°áy Ú!§ Ïü!ê ∆ xƒyu˛!ò !Óí z!ê˛ú% ° •zí z!öû˛y§≈Û Ó•z Ïï˛ˆ°í˛yÓ˚üƒyö !°áˆÏåÈö xyô%!öܲ˛õòyÌ≈!ÓòƒyÓ˚ x@ˇÃà!ï˛ˆÏï˛ ï˛yÓ˚xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚ §ÓˆÏ̈Ïܲ =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈í z õ˛õyòƒ= Ï°yÓ˚ ü Ïôƒ xöƒï˛ü–!ܲv ~ Ï•ö Óƒ!_´c ÏÜ˛Ä Óy ÏÓ˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚ ÓM˛ÈöyÓ˚ !¢Ü˛yÓ˚ •ˆÏï˛ • ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈ÷ô%üye öyÓ˚# !• ϧ ÏÓ çß√ ˆöÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚ Ïî– xyç Ïܲ ïÑ yÓ˚ ܲÌy•z Ó°Ó–

û˛oü!•°yÓ˚ öyü xƒy Ïü!° ~!ü ˆöy ÏÎ˚òyÓ˚– ç Ïß√!åÈ Ï°ö çyü≈yö#Ó˚~ܲ •z‡!ò ˛õ!Ó˚Óy ÏÓ˚ñ 1882 §y Ï°Ó˚ 23 üyã≈ – ÓyÓy üƒy: ˆöy ÏÎ˚òyÓ˚Ä!åÈ Ï°ö à!îï˛K˛ñ ~Ó°yÇ Ïàö !ÓŸª!Óòƒy° ÏÎÓ xôƒy˛õܲ– ã˛yÓ û˛y•zÈÙÈ Óy ÏöÓü Ïôƒ §Ó ÏÌ Ïܲ Óí ¸ ~!ü ˆåÈyê˛ ÏÓ°y ˆÌ Ïܲ•z á%Ó !ü÷ Ïܲ– ï˛y•z§Ü˛ Ï°Ó˚•z á%Ó !≤ÃÎ˚ ˛õye#– ˆÓyôÓ%!k˛Ä ˆö•yÍ Ü˛ü öÎ˚– üyÌy áy!ê˛ ÏÎ˚ã˛ê˛˛õê˛ öyöyÓ˚ܲü ˆ•Î˚y!°Ó˚ §üyôyö ܲ ÏÓ˚ ˆú˛° Ïï˛ ÄhflÏyò ˆåÈyR ~!ü–!ܲv §yüy!çܲ xö%¢y§ ÏöÓ˚ ˆòy•y•z !ò ÏÎ˚ ï˛y Ïܲ fl%Ò Ï° ˛õyë˛y Ïöy •°öy– ï˛áöܲyÓ˚ !ò ÏöÓ˚ xöƒ ˆü ÏÎ˚ ÏòÓ˚ ü Ïï˛y !¢á Ïï˛ •° Ó˚yߨyÓyߨy xyÓ˚âÓ˚ Ïòy ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyçܲü≈– ï˛ ÏÓ ï˛yÓ˚ § ÏD !˛õÎ˚y Ïöy Óyòö ˆ¢áyÓ˚ ~ܲê˛yÓƒÓfliyÄ • ÏÎ˚!åÈ°ñ Î!òÄ öyã˛ Ü˛Ó˚y åÈyí ¸y xyÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ !ܲå%È Ïï˛•z á%Ó~ܲê˛y í zͧy• ˛õy!FåÈ Ï°ö öy ~!ü– !ܲv ~Ó˚ ü Ïôƒ•z ú˛Ó˚y§# xyÓ˚•zÇ ÏÓ˚!ç û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ ˆÓ¢ ò«˛ • ÏÎ˚ í z Ïë˛!åÈ Ï°ö ~!ü– ~•z ò% Ïê˛y û˛y£ÏyÓ˚!¢«˛Ü˛ï˛yÓ˚ ˆÎyàƒï˛y xç≈ ÏöÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚#«˛yÎ˚ Ó§ Ï°ö 1900 §y Ï°–fl∫yû˛y!Óܲû˛y ÏÓ•z á%Ó û˛y Ï°y ú˛° ܲÓ˚ Ï°ö– ú˛ Ï° ˆü ÏÎ˚ ÏòÓ˚ fl%Ò Ï°ú˛Ó˚y§# xyÓ˚ •zÇ ÏÓ˚!ç û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ !¢!«˛Ü˛y !• ϧ ÏÓ !öÓ≈y!ã˛ï˛Ä • Ï°ö– !ܲv~!ü !ë˛Ü˛ ܲ ÏÓ˚ ˆú˛ Ï° ÏåÈö ã˛yܲ!Ó˚ öyñ !ï˛!ö xyÓ˚Ä ˛õí ¸ ÏÓöñ ~ÓÇ ˆ§ê˛yà!îï˛ !ö ÏÎ˚•z– û˛!ï≈ • Ï°ö ~Ó˚°yÇ Ïàö !ÓŸª!Óòƒy° ÏÎ˚– 986 çöåÈyeåÈye#Ó˚ ü Ïôƒ ˆü ÏÎ˚ üye ò%çöñ ~!ü ï˛y ÏòÓ˚ ü Ïôƒ ~ܲçö–!ÓŸª!Óòƒy° ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛y°ö §!ü!ï˛ Úˆ§ Ïöê˛Û ~•z !§k˛y Ïhsˇ •ï˛Óyܲ • ÏÎ˚ˆà°– ï˛y ÏòÓ˚ ü Ïï˛ ˆåÈ Ï° Ä ˆü ÏÎ˚Ó˚y ~ܲ§y ÏÌ ˛õí ¸y Ï¢yöy ܲÓ˚ Ï°¢,C°yû˛D • Ïï˛ Óyôƒ– ï˛y•z ˆ◊!îܲ Ï«˛ Ó Ï§ ˛õí ¸yÓ˚ xö%ü!ï˛ ˆ˛õ Ï°ööy ~!ü– ï˛y § Ï_¥Ä 1903 §y Ï° @ˇÃƒyç% ÏÎ˚ê˛ • Ï°ö ~!ü– üyé˛áy Ïö!ܲå%È!òö à!ê˛Ç Ïàö !ÓŸª!Óòƒy° ÏÎ˚ !à ÏÎ˚Ä !¢ Ïá ~ Ï°ö à!î Ïï˛Ó˚ öï% ö

öï%˛ö ï˛ˆÏ_¥Ó˚ ܲÌy– §y!ߨôƒˆ˛õ Ï°ö ܲy°≈ ˆ§yÎyÍ≈çã˛y•z Ï”˛Óü Ïï˛y ˆçƒy!ï˛!Ó≈K˛yö#ñ ˆ•Ó˚üƒyö!üöܲyÄÎ˚y!flÒñ ˆú˛!°: ˆÜœ •zöñˆí˛!û˛í˛ !•°ÓyˆÏê ≈ ˛Ó˚ üˆÏï˛yà!îï˛ˆÏK˛Ó˚–

1904 §y Ï° ˛õ° àí≈ y ÏöÓ˚ï˛_¥yÓôyˆÏö àˆÏÓ£Ïîy ÷Ó˚&ܲÓ˚ Ï°ö ~Ó˚°yÇ Ïà Ïö– 1907§y Ï° à ÏÓ£ÏîyÓ Ü˛yç ˆ¢£Ï ܲ ÏÓ~!ü ˛õí˛¸yˆÏï˛ ÷Ó˚& ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°öüƒyÌyˆÏü!ê˛Ü˛ƒy° •zö!fiê˛!ê˛í˛zê˛xú˛ ~Ó˚°yLj Ïàˆ Ïö– !ܲvxyÓyÓ˚Ä ˆ§•z ~ܲ•z ÓM˛Èöy–

ü!•°y •ÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚ Ïî ê˛yöy §yï˛ ÓåÈÓ˚ ïÑ y Ïܲ ˆÜ˛yöÄ ˛õy!Ó˚◊!üܲˆòÄÎ˚y •° öy– !ܲv ~Ó˚ ü Ïôƒ•z ã˛y!° ÏÎ˚ ˆà ÏåÈö !öÓ˚hsˇÓ˚ ˛õí ¸y Ï¢yöy–!° Ïá ÏåÈö Ó#çà!î Ïï˛Ó˚ •zöû˛ƒy!Ó˚Î˚yrê˛ ï˛_¥ Ä àƒy Ï°y•z§ ï˛_¥ !Ó£Ï ÏÎ˚ˆÓ¢ !ܲå%È =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈ à ÏÓ£Ïîy˛õe– !Ó Ï¢£Ï ܲ ÏÓ˚ !•°Óy Ïê≈˛Ó˚ xy!Ó‹,Òï˛ï˛_¥ Ïܲ xyÓÄ ~!à ÏÎ !ö ÏÎ ÎyÄÎyÓ ˆ«˛ Ïe ïÑ yÓ =Ó&c˛õ)î≈ à ÏÓ£Ïîy= Ï°y~•z §ü ÏÎ˚•z–

1915 §y Ï° !•°Óyê≈ xyÓ˚ ˆÜœ •zö ï Ñy Ïܲ xy•¥yö çyöy Ï°ö ˛õ,!ÌÓ#

!Óáƒyï˛ à!ê˛Ç Ïàö !ÓŸª!Óòƒy° ÏÎ˚Ó˚ à!îï˛ !Óû˛y Ïà xôƒy˛õöyÓ˚ ܲy ÏçˆÎyà ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ– !ܲv ˆ§áy ÏöÄ ˆ§•z ~ܲ•z §ü§ƒy– xy˛õ!_ í z벰~!üÓ˚ !ö ÏÎ˚yà !ö ÏÎ˚– ˆÜ˛í z ˆÜ˛í z Ó° Ï°ö ≠ Î%k˛ Ï«˛e ˆÌ Ïܲ !ú˛ ÏÓ˚~ ϧ ˜§!ö ÏܲÓ˚y Îáö ˆòá ÏÓ ~ܲçö ˆü ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õy ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ܲy ÏåÈ Ó Ï§ï˛y ÏòÓ˚ ˛õyë˛ !ö Ïï˛ • ÏFåÈñ ˆ§ê˛y ˆüy Ïê˛Ä §%áܲÓ˚ • ÏÓ öy– ~Ó˚ ï˛#Ó ≤Ã!ï˛Óyò ܲ ÏÓ˚ !•°Óyê≈ Ó Ï°!åÈ Ï°ö !ÓŸª!Óòƒy°Î˚ ˆï˛y xyÓ˚ ÓyÌÓ˚&ü öÎ˚

à!ê˛ÇˆÏàö !ÓŸª!Óòƒy°Î˚

ˆÎ ˆ§áy Ïö ≤à ÏÓ Ï¢Ó˚ ˆ«˛ Ïe öyÓ˚#ÈÙÈ˛õ%Ó˚& Ï£ÏÓ˚ !Ó Ïû˛ò ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛ • ÏÓ– !ܲvï˛y Ïï˛Ä ˆÜ˛yö ܲyç •° öy– ≤ÃÌü ã˛yÓ˚ ÓåÈÓ˚ ï˛y Ïܲ !Óöy ˛õy!Ó˚◊!ü Ïܲ•zܲyç ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛ • ÏÎ˚!åÈ°– ˛õí ¸y Ï¢yöyÓ˚ áÓ˚ã˛ ã˛y°y ÏöyÓ˚ çöƒ ïÑ y Ïܲ Óy!í ¸ˆÌ Ïܲ ê˛yܲy xyö Ïï˛ •ï˛– ïÑ yÓ˚ Ó_, ï˛yÓ˚ !ÓK˛y˛õö !ò Ïï˛ •ï˛ xôƒy˛õܲ!•°Óy Ïê≈ Ó˚ öy Ïü– !ܲv ~•z ܲ!ë˛ö °í ¸y•z ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ü ÏôƒÄ !ï˛!ö x!Óã˛°ˆÌ Ïܲ ÏåÈö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ à ÏÓ£ÏîyÎ˚– çß√ !ò ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈö çà!máƒyï˛ Úˆöy ÏÎ˚òyÓ˚í z õ˛õy ÏòƒÛÓ˚ñ ˛õòyÌ≈!ÓòƒyÓ˚ §ÇÓ˚«˛î §)e= Ï°yÓ˚ §y ÏÌ ≤Ã!ï˛§y ÏüƒÓ˚ ~ܲxq$ï˛ ˆü°Ó¶˛ ÏöÓ˚ åÈ!Ó– ˆÎüöñ §ü ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛§y ÏüƒÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚ Ïî•z ˆÎ¢!_´ §ÇÓ˚«˛ ÏîÓ˚ Óƒy˛õyÓ˚ê˛y âê˛ ÏåÈ ˆ§ê˛y xyüÓ˚y í z õ°!∏˛ ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛ ˛õy!Ó˚~áyö ˆÌ Ïܲ•z– xÌ≈yÍñ ~ܲê˛y Ó° Ïܲ í z õ ÏÓ˚Ó˚ !ò Ïܲ å%ÈÑ Ïí ¸ !ò Ï° ï˛yÓ˚ã˛°yÓ˚ ˛õÌê˛y xyç Ïܲ ˆÎÓ˚ܲü ˆòáy ÏÓñ Ó°ê˛y Ïܲ ~ܲ•zû˛y ÏÓ ˆåÈÑyí ¸y • Ï°Ü˛y° ÏÜ˛Ä !ë˛Ü˛ ˆ§Ó˚ܲü•z ˆòáy ÏÓ– !ÓÇ¢ ¢ï˛ Ïܲ xyô%!öܲ ˛õòyÌ≈!ÓòƒyÓ˚e´ü!ÓÓï≈ ÏöÓ˚ ~ê˛y•z !åÈ° xöƒï˛ü ≤Ãôyö ày•zí˛ °y•zö– ú˛°ï˛ !ܲå%Èê˛yÓyôƒ • ÏÎ˚•z à!ê˛Ç Ïàö 1919 §y Ï° ï Ñy Ïܲ ˆÎyàƒ ≤ÃyÌ≈# !• ϧ ÏÓ ˆü Ïö!ö°ñ Î!òÄ ˛õ ÏÓ˚Ó˚ !ï˛ö ÓåÈÓ˚ ˛õÎ≈hsˇ ïÑ y Ïܲ ˆÜ˛yöÄ ˛õy!Ó˚◊!üܲ ˆòÄÎ˚y•° öy– 1922 §y Ï° x Ï õ«˛yÜ, ï˛ Ü˛ü ˛õy!Ó˚◊!üܲ !ò ÏÎ˚ ïÑ y Ïܲ !ö ÏÎ˚yàܲÓ˚y •° §•Ü˛yÓ˚# xôƒy˛õܲ !• ϧ ÏÓ–

~Ó˚ ü Ïôƒ•z ~!ü !ܲv ïÑ yÓ˚ à ÏÓ£ÏîyÓ˚ x!û˛ü%á ~ ÏܲÓy ÏÓ˚ ˛õy° Ïê˛ˆú˛° Ï°ö– •z!ï˛•y ϧÓ˚ ~•z ˛õ ÏÓ≈ @ˇÃ&˛õ !Ì ÏÎ˚y!Ó˚ñ !Ó˚Ç !Ì ÏÎ˚y!Ó˚ñ @ˇÃ&˛õ

10 !ÓK˛yö x Ïß∫£Ïܲ–– ˆüÈÙç%ö 2018

!Ó˚ Ï≤à Ïç Ïrê˛¢ö xyÓ˚ §Çáƒyï˛_¥ !Ó£Ï ÏÎ˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ x§yüyöƒ à ÏÓ£Ïîy˛õe= Ï°yˆÌ Ïܲ xƒyÓflT…ƒyQ xƒy° ÏçÓ yÓ˚ çß√ • ÏÎ˚!åÈ° Ó Ï°•z x Ïö Ïܲ ü Ïöܲ ÏÓ˚ö– !ܲv ÷Ó˚& •° xöƒ ~ܲ !Óï˛Ü≈ – à!îï˛ ÷ô%üye ôyÓ˚îy ˆÌ Ïܲà Ïí ¸ Äë˛y !Óü)ï≈ ~ܲê˛y !Ó£ÏÎ˚ñ öy!ܲ ÓyhflÏÓ çà Ïï˛ §Ó˚y§!Ó˚ ≤à ÏÎ˚yàܲÓ˚y Îy ÏÓ ~üö ~ܲê˛y !Ó£ÏÎ˚ñ ˆ§•z ≤à ϟ¿ §yÓ˚y ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ à!îï˛ ÏK˛Ó˚yò%û˛y Ïà û˛yà • ÏÎ˚ ˆà Ï°ö– ~!ü !åÈ Ï°ö !Óü)ï≈ ï˛yÓ˚ ˛õ Ï«˛– ï˛y•zÓ#çà!îï˛ñ çƒy!ü!ï˛ñ ê˛ Ï õy°!ç xyÓ˚ °!çܲñ üy Ïö Î%!_´Ó˚ §Ç!ü◊ ÏîàˆÏí˛¸ ï%˛ˆÏ°!åȈϰö à!îˆÏï˛Ó˚ ~ܲ öï%˛ö ôyÓ˚y– ˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛# ܲyˆÏ°öö‰ÈÙÈܲ!üí z Ïê˛!ê˛û˛ xƒy° ÏçÓ y ~ÓÇ •y•z õyÓ˚ ܲü Ï≤’: §Çáƒy !ö ÏÎ˚ ˆÓ¢!ܲå%È =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈ à ÏÓ£Ïîy ܲ ÏÓ˚ö !ï˛!ö– ï˛yÓ˚ §y ÏÌ §y ÏÌ xööƒà ÏÓ£Ïܲ ÏòÓ˚Ä !öÓ˚hsˇÓ˚ í zͧy• ç%!à ÏÎ˚ ˆà ÏåÈö ~!ü– Ó°y ˆÎ Ïï˛ ˛õy ÏÓ˚1933 §y° ˛õÎ≈hsˇ à!ê˛Ç Ïàö !ÓŸª!Óòƒy° ÏÎ˚Ó˚ à!îï˛ !Óû˛y ÏàÓ˚ !ï˛!ö•z!åÈ Ï°ö ˆöï˛y–

!ܲv § §ü ÏÎ˚•z çyü≈yö#Ó˚ öyͧ# §Ó˚ܲy ÏÓ˚Ó˚ í z Ïòƒy Ïà ÷Ó˚& •° •z‡!ò!Óï˛yí ¸ö– ú˛ Ï° Óyôƒ • ÏÎ˚•z ˆò¢ ï˛ƒyà ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛ •° ~!ü Ïܲ– ï˛ ÏÓ á%ÓˆÓ!¢!òö ïÑ y Ïܲ ~•z Îsfîy §•ƒ ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛ •Î˚!ö– 1935 §y Ï°Ó˚ 14 ~!≤ðxy Ïü!Ó˚ܲy Î%_´Ó˚y Ï‹T…Ó˚ ˛õö!§°û˛y!öÎ˚yÎ˚ ü,ï% ƒ •Î˚ ~•z ü•yö à!îï˛ ÏK˛Ó˚–

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!¢ Ó ≤à §y ò ˛õy °

ˆã˛y Ïá Îáö §)Î≈@ˇÃ•î

˛õ)î≈@ˇÃy§ §)Î≈@ˇÃ•î §¡∫ ϶˛ §Óy•z çyö– §)Î≈ Ä ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ üyé˛áy ÏöãÑ yò ~ ϧ ÎyÎ˚– ú˛ Ï° §)Î≈ ˛õ,!ÌÓ# Ä ãÑ yò ~ܲ•z §Ó˚° ÏÓ˚áyÎ˚ xÓfliyöܲ ÏÓ˚– ~ xÓfliyÎ˚ §) ÏÎ≈Ó˚ xy Ï°y ãÑ y Ïò Óyôy≤ÃyÆ •Î˚– ≤ÃÜ, !ï˛Ó˚ xq$ï˛ˆáÎ˚y Ï° §) ÏÎ≈Ó˚ xyÜ, !ï˛ ãÑ˛y ÏòÓ˚ ˆÌ Ïܲ x Ïöܲ =î Óí ¸ • Ï°Ä ò)Ó˚ ÏcÓ˚çöƒ §) ÏÎ≈Ó˚ xy Ï°y!Ü˛ï˛ ã˛yܲ!ï˛ ãÑ y ÏòÓ˚ xyÜ, !ï˛Ó˚ §üyö •Î˚– ˛õ)î≈@ˇÃy§§)Î≈@ˇÃ• Ïî ãÑ yò §)Î≈ Ïܲ §¡õ)î≈ ˆì˛ Ïܲ ˆú˛ Ï°– ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ ~ܲê˛y xÇ Ï¢x¶˛Ü˛yÓ˚ ˆö Ïü xy ϧ– ~•z xܲy°Ó˚y!eÓ˚ çöƒ ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ Ä•z xÇ Ï¢Ó˚üyö%£Ï !ò ÏöÓ˚ ˆÓ°yÎ˚ ˆòá Ïï˛ ˛õyÎ˚ öy SåÈ!Ó 1V–

~ÓyÓ˚ ˆã˛y ÏáÓ˚ ܲÌyÎ˚ xy!§– ˆ°™ fl∫FåÈ Ó›– ≤ÃÜ, !ï˛Ó˚ ò,¢ƒ xyüÓ˚yܲ#û˛y ÏÓ ˆò!á⁄ ôÓ˚y Îyܲ ~ܲê˛y àyåÈñ §) ÏÎ≈Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ú˛!°ï˛ xy Ï°yÓ˚ Ó˚!Ÿ¬ˆ° Ï™Ó˚ !û˛ï˛Ó˚ !ò ÏÎ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛§!Ó˚ï˛ • ÏÎ˚ ˆÓ˚!ê˛öyÓ˚ ˆÜ˛w#Î˚ §Ç ÏÓòö¢#°xÇ¢ üƒyÜ% °yÎ˚ ˛õ Ïí ¸– ˆ§áy Ïö ày ÏåÈÓ˚ í z° Ïê˛y ≤Ã!ï˛!Ó¡∫ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •Î˚–ï˛yÓ˚ õÓ˚ ü!hflÏ Ï‹ÒÓ˚ ò,!‹T Ïܲ ÏwÓ˚ §y•y Ï΃ xyüÓ˚y ˆòá Ïï˛ ˛õy•z– åÈy!ö • Ï°

ˆ°™ xfl∫FåÈ • ÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚– §¡õ)î≈ åÈy!ö Ïï˛ Óy ˛õyܲy åÈy!ö Ïï˛ ˆÜ˛yö Ó˚!Ÿ¬≤Ã!ï˛§!Ó˚ï˛ • Ïï˛ ˛õy ÏÓ˚ öy– ~ xÓfliyÎ˚ ˆã˛y Ïá ˛õyܲy åÈy!ö !ö ÏÎ˚ ˆÜ˛í zÎ!ò §Ó˚y§!Ó˚ §) ÏÎ≈Ó˚ !ò Ïܲ ï˛yܲyÎ˚ ï˛ ÏÓ Ü˛# •Î˚⁄ 2 öÇ åÈ!Ó û˛y° ܲ ÏÓ˚ˆòá– ~ܲ ≤Ãy Ïhsˇ §)Î≈ xöƒ !ò Ïܲ ˆã˛y ÏáÓ˚ ˆày°Ü˛yÓ˚ ˆÓ˚!ê˛öy üyé˛áy Ïö˛õyܲy åÈy!ö ~ܲ §Ó˚° ÏÓ˚áyÎ˚ xÓfliyö ܲÓ˚ ÏåÈ– ˆã˛y ÏáÓ˚ ï˛yÓ˚y Óyxy•z!Ó˚¢ Ïܲ xÓ¢ƒ Ä£Ï% ÏôÓ˚ myÓ˚y §¡õ)î≈û˛y ÏÓ Óí ¸ ܲ ÏÓ˚ ˆöÄÎ˚y • ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈ–~ xÓfliyÎ˚ ãÑ yò ˆÎüö §) ÏÎ≈Ó˚ xy Ï°y!Ü˛ï˛ ã˛yܲ!ï˛ ˆì˛ Ïܲ !ò!FåÈ° ~áy Ïöˆày°yܲyÓ˚ ˛õyܲyåÈy!ö xö%Ó˚*˛õ û˛y ÏÓ §) ÏÎ≈Ó˚ xy Ï°y Ïܲ §¡õ)î≈ ˆì˛ Ïܲ!ò ÏFåÈ– ú˛ Ï° üƒyÜ% °y Ïï˛ x¶˛Ü˛yÓ˚ ˆö Ïü xy ϧ– üƒyÜ% °y x¶˛Ü˛yÓ˚yFåÈߨ•ÓyÓ˚ ú˛ Ï° üyö%£Ï x¶˛ Ïc û% à Ïï˛ Ìy Ïܲ– xÌ≈yÍ ò,!‹T«˛üï˛y §yü!Î˚ܲû˛y ÏÓ ö‹T • ÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚– ~Ä ~ܲ ≤ÃܲyÓ˚ §)Î≈@ˇÃ•î– ˛õyܲy åÈy!ö ~Ó˚ ܲyÓ˚î–

Mobile : 9433564719

åÈ!ÓÈÙÈ1 ≠ ü•y!ӈϟªÓ˚ §)Î≈@ˇÃ•î åÈ!ÓÈÙÈ2 ≠ ˆã˛yˆÏá Îáö §)Î≈@ˇÃ•î

11 !ÓK˛yö x Ïß∫£Ïܲ–– ˆüÈÙç%ö 2018

x !B˛ ï˛y ˆ§ ö = Æ

xööƒñ xöhsˇ ≠ ï˛yÓ˚y ˆüÔ!°Ü˛

üyö%£Ï çß√yÓ!ô ÷ô% ˆ¢ Ïá– ï˛yÓ˚ ˛õ ÏM˛È!wÎ˚ ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ܲ ÏÓ˚ !ÓŸªÓ ·˛y Ï[˛ !fliï˛ x§#ü K˛yö§ü%o ˆÌ ÏܲxöÓÓ˚ï˛ §%ôy˛õyö ܲÓ˚y•z ˆÎö ï˛yÓ˚ ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚~ܲüye §yôöy– ~•z °«˛ °«˛ ÓåÈ ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆ¢áy•z !Ó®%!Ó®% ܲ ÏÓ˚ à Ïí ¸ ã˛ Ï° ÏåÈ üyöÓ§û˛ƒï˛y– xÌã˛ ~•zˆ¢áy= Ï°y Îáö ܲyë˛ ÏáyRy ܲy Ï°y ܲy Ï°y •Ó˚ Ïú˛˛õí ¸yÓ˚ Ó•z ÏÎ˚Ó˚ xyܲy ÏÓ˚ §yü Ïö xy ϧñ ï˛áö!ܲå%È Ïï˛•z ˆÓyé˛y ÎyÎ˚ öyñ Ú~ï˛ ˛õí ¸yÓ˚ ܲ# xy ÏåÈ⁄ÛxyÓ˚ ˆ§•z û˛Î˚B˛Ó˚ !Ó£ÏÎ˚!ê˛ Î!ò xB˛ •Î˚ñ ï˛y• Ï°ˆï˛y Ó°yÓ˚ !ܲå%È•z ˆö•z– ˆÎyàñ û˛yàñ =îñ !Ó ÏÎ˚yàñ=îö#Î˚ܲñ =!îï˛Ü˛ñ à.§y.=ñ °.§y.=ñ çƒy!ü!ï˛ñ !e Ïܲyî!ü!ï˛Ó˚ û˛# Ïí ¸~•z ≤ß¿ê˛y•z í zÑ!ܲ üy ÏÓ˚ñ Úܲ# • ÏÓ ~ï˛ xB˛ !¢ Ïá⁄ §Óy•z ܲ# !ÓK˛yö#• ÏFåÈ öy!ܲ⁄Û

§!ï˛ƒ•z ˆï˛yñ ~ï˛ xB˛ !¢á Ïï˛ Ü˛yÓ˚ û˛y Ï°y °y Ïà⁄ !ܲv ˆòá Ïï˛Ü˛ï˛ û˛y Ï°y °y Ïà ~•z §%®Ó˚ ˛õ,!ÌÓ# Ïܲ– !ò ÏöÓ˚ ˆÓ°yÎ˚ §) ÏÎ≈Ó˚ xy Ï°yÎ˚鲰ü° ܲ ÏÓ˚ ã˛yÓ˚!òܲñ xyÓ˚ ˆ§•z xy Ï°y ˆû˛ Ïä ܲáöÄ Ü˛áöÄxyܲy Ï¢ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •Î˚ Ó˚yüôö%– ÚÓ˚yüôö%Û Ïï˛ Ü˛ê˛y Ó˚ä xy ÏåÈ⁄Û ~ ≤à ϟ¿Ó˚

ÚˆüÔ!°Ü˛ §ÇáƒyÛ–ˆ§•z ˆÜ˛yö ˆåÈyê˛ˆÏÓ°y ˆÌˆÏܲ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚

ˆã˛öy Ï¢yöy ~•z §Çáƒy=!° Ü˛ï˛ ò) ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ü Ïö •Î˚Îáö x ÏB˛Ó˚ Ó•z Ïï˛ á Ïê˛yü Ïê˛y û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ ˆ°áy Ìy ÏܲñڈΠ§Ó fl∫yû˛y!Óܲ §Çáƒy 1 ~ÓÇ ˆ§•z fl∫yû˛y!Óܲ§Çáƒy åÈyí ¸y xöƒ ˆÜ˛yö fl∫yû˛y!Óܲ §Çáƒy myÓ˚y!Óû˛yçƒ öÎ˚ñ ï˛y ÏòÓ˚ Ïܲ ˆüÔ!°Ü˛ §Çáƒy Ó Ï°–

!Ó£ÏÎ˚ê˛y Ïܲ ~ܲê% xöƒû˛y ÏÓ û˛yÓ Ï° Îy òÑyí ¸yÎ˚ï˛y •°ñ 5 ~ܲ!ê˛ ˆüÔ!°Ü˛ §Çáƒy ~ÓÇ 5 = 1 × 5–!ÓŸªÓ ·˛y[˛ ˆï˛y°˛õyí ¸ ܲÓ˚ Ï°Ä 1 Ä 5 åÈyí ¸y xöƒ

ˆÜ˛y Ïöy fl∫yû˛y!Óܲ §Çáƒy ˛õyÄÎ˚y Îy ÏÓ öy Îy ÏòÓ˚ =îú˛° 5 • ÏÓ– ~ܲ•zܲÌy xöƒ ˆüÔ!°Ü˛ §Çáƒy=!°Ó˚ ˆ«˛ ÏeÄ áyê˛ ÏÓ– !ܲv ~•z x•B˛yÓ˚#§Çáƒy ܲï˛= Ï°y xy ÏåÈ⁄ ˆ§Ä §ÓyÓ˚ çyöyñ x§Çზ !ܲv ÷ô%Úx§ÇáƒÛ Ó° Ï°•z ˆï˛y • ÏÓ öy– ≤Ãüyî ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛ • ÏÓ– ˆ§•z ≤Ãüy ÏîÓ˚ܲyçê˛y x Ïöܲ xy Ïà•z ܲ ÏÓ˚ ˆà ÏåÈö @ˇÃ#ܲ à!îï˛K˛ •zí z!Üœ í˛ñ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 300!á fiê˛˛õ)Ó≈y Ï∑ñ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ Ó˚!ã˛ï˛ ‘Elements’ÈÙÈ~– §!ï˛ƒ•z ˆï˛yñ àï˛ ~ܲ ÓåÈÓ˚xyüÓ˚y ~•z xq$ï˛ §Çáƒyê˛yÓ˚ § ÏD ˆÓ¢ ܲy!ê˛ ÏÎ˚ !ò°yü– xyÓ˚ Î!ò ~ܲê˛y

í z_Ó˚ ܲyÓ˚ çyöy ˆö•zÊ 7ê˛y– ~ÓyÓ˚ Î!ò ú% °=!°Ó˚ ܲy ÏåÈ xy§y ÎyÎ˚ñâ ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲy ÏåÈ•z ú% Ïê˛ Äë˛y öÎ˚öï˛yÓ˚y Óy ˛õÎ˚§y ú% Ï°Ó˚ ˛õy˛õ!í ¸Ó˚ §Çáƒy5– °«˛ƒî#Î˚ñ xyüy ÏòÓ˚ ˆò Ï¢Ó˚ 3 !òܲ !â ÏÓ˚ !ÓÓ˚yç ܲÓ˚ ÏåÈ xyÓ˚Ó§yàÓñ û˛yÓï˛ ü•y§yàÓ Ä Ó ÏDy˛õ§yàÓ– Ó!•ç≈àÍ ˆåÈ Ïí˛ üyöÓ¢Ó# ÏÓÓܲÌy û˛yÓy ÎyܲÈÙÙÙÈ ˆ§áy ÏöÄ 2ˆê˛y •yï˛ñ 2ˆê˛y ˛õyñ 2ˆê˛y ˆã˛yáñ 2ˆê˛yܲyö– xyüy ÏòÓ˚ ¢Ó˚# ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆÜ˛y Ï£Ï ˆÜ˛y Ï£Ï xÓ!fliï˛ ˆe´y Ïüy Ïçyü ˆÎ !ܲöy xyüy ÏòÓ˚ §Ü˛° ˜Ó!¢‹Tƒ ôyÓ˚î ܲ ÏÓ˚ ï˛yÓ˚ ˆe´y Ïüy Ïçyü §Çáƒy 23

ˆüÔ!°Ü˛ §ÇáƒyÓ˚ ü Ïôƒ•z ~ï˛ üçy °%!ܲ ÏÎ˚ Ìy Ïܲ ï˛y• Ï° xöƒ=!°•zÓy ܲü ܲ# ϧÓ˚– ï˛y•z ˆï˛y ˆüÔ!°Ü˛ §ÇáƒyÓ˚ Îyey˛õ ÏÌ ˛õ!Ìܲ • ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈöxÎ˚°yÓ˚ñ ú˛yÓ˚üƒyê˛ñ xy°‰•y Ïçöñ Ó˚yüyö%çöÈÙÙÙÈ xyÓ˚Ä Ü˛ï˛ à!îï˛K˛–

ï˛yÓ˚ üy Ïö ÷ô% xyö® ˆ˛õ Ïï˛•z ˆüÔ!°Ü˛ §ÇáƒyÓ˚ ã˛ã≈ y ã˛° ÏåÈ⁄ ï˛yˆÜ˛öñ xyô%!öܲ §û˛ƒï˛yÓ˚ xyöy Ïã˛ÈÙÈܲyöy Ïã˛ åÈ!í ¸ ÏÎ˚ xy ÏåÈ ~Ó˚y– ~ܲê˛y

ܲÓ˚y • ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈ– xyÓyÓ˚ x!ôÓ£Ï≈=!° Ïï˛ ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ üy ϧÓ˚ é% !° Ïï˛ 29!ê˛Ü˛ ÏÓ˚ !òö ˆú˛°y •Î˚–

2ñ 3ñ 5ñ 7ñ 23ñ 29ñ 31ÙÙÙÈ ~ï˛«˛ Ïî !öÿ˛Î˚•z ˆÓyé˛y Îy ÏFåÈ–à!îï˛ çà Ïï˛Ó˚ ˆÜ˛yö ò%Î˚yÓ˚ á%° Ïï˛ ã˛ Ï° ÏåÈñ •Ñƒyñ ~•z òÓ˚çyê˛yÓ˚ öyü

í zòy•Ó˚î ˆòÄÎ˚y ÎyܲÈÙÙÙÈ ATM Cardñ Îy ÓƒÓ•y ÏÓ˚Ó˚ §üÎ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ Pin

Number ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛ •Î˚ñ ܲy Ïí≈ Ó˚ üy!°Ü˛ åÈyí ¸y Îy ˆÜ˛í z çy Ïö

ˆçyí˛¸y– üyˆÏé˛ üyˆÏ鲕z Îáö≤à ÏÎyç ÏöÓ ï˛y!à Ïò !ö Ïç ÏòÓ Ïܲ•z≤ß¿ ܲ!Ó˚ñ ÚxyFåÈyÊ ~ üy ϧ ܲê˛y!òö⁄Û ï˛áö ܲ# üˆÏö xyˆÏ§ˆ@ˇÃà!Ó˚Î˚yö ܲƒyˆÏ°u˛yˆÏÓ˚ 7!ê˛üy ϧÓ˚ çöƒ 31!ê˛ Ü˛ ÏÓ˚ !òö ôyÎ≈

•zí˛z!Üœ í˛ Ó˚yüyö%çü

12 !ÓK˛yö x Ïß∫£Ïܲ–– ˆüÈÙç%ö 2018

Ó˚y çy Ó˚y í z ï˛

ÎyÓ˚y •y!Ó˚ ÏÎ˚ Îy ÏFåÈxyÓ•yÄÎ˚y Ä ç°ÓyÎ%Ó˚ xfl∫yû˛y!Óܲ ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈ Ïöñ xyÓy§fli° ôùǧñ áyòƒÈÙÈáyòܲ §¡õ ÏÜ≈ Ó˚ xÓö!ï˛ Ïï˛ ~ÓÇ § ÏÓ≈y˛õ!Ó˚ñ üyö% Ï£ÏÓ˚ öycܲ Ü, ï˛Ü˛ Ïü≈Ó˚ú˛ Ï° ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ Ó‡ ç#Óö xyç ï˛#Ó §Çܲ Ïê˛– •z!ï˛˛õ) ÏÓ≈ xyüÓ˚y Ó‡ ≤Ãyî# Ïܲ •y!Ó˚ ÏÎ˚!åÈ Îy ÏòÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yö!òö •Î˚ Ïï˛y !ú˛ ÏÓ˚ ˛õy ÏÓy öy– !ܲå%È ç#ÓöxyçÄ ïÑ y ÏòÓ˚ x!hflÏc !ê˛!ܲ ÏÎ˚ Ó˚yáyÓ˚ ˆ¢£Ï ˆã˛‹Ty ܲ ÏÓ˚ Îy ÏFåÈ–

xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛ ≤ÃÜ, !ï˛ Ä ≤ÃyÜ, !ï˛Ü˛ §¡õò §ÇÓ˚«˛î §Çfliy (IUCN = International Union for the Conservation of Nature and

Natural Resources) ≤Ã!ï˛ ÓåÈÓ˚ ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ ò%°≈û˛ñ !Ó˛õߨñ §Çܲê˛çöܲû˛y ÏÓ !Ó˛õߨñ ≤ÃyÜ, !ï˛Ü˛ xyÓy§fli Ï° °%Æ ~ÓÇ °%Æ ≤Ãû, !ï˛ í z ÏÕ‘á ÏÎyàƒÜ˛ƒy Ïê˛à!Ó˚ Ïï˛ !Ó!û˛ß¨ ≤Ãyî# ÏòÓ˚ ï˛y!°Ü˛y ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲ ÏÓ˚ Ìy Ïܲ Îy Ïܲ °y° ï˛Ìƒ ˛õ%!hflÏܲy (Red Data Book) Ó Ï°–

~ü!ö !ܲå%È ≤Ãyî# ÏòÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛Î˚ ˆç Ïö ˆöÄÎ˚y ÎyܲÈÙÙÙÈí˛y•Ó˚ ˛õy!áû˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ àu˛yÓ˚

§yôyÓ˚î •zÇÓ˚y!ç öyü ≠ Great Indian One Horned Rhinoceros

!ÓK˛yö§¡øï˛ öyü ≠ Rhinoceros unicornis

àí ¸ í zFã˛ï˛y ≠ 5 ú% ê˛ 8 •z!M˛È S170 ˆ§!ü.Vñ ˜òâ≈ƒ ≠ 3.90 !üê˛yÓ˚ñÄçö ≠ 3600 !ܲ Ï°y@ˇÃyüàí ¸ xyÎ% ≠ 60ÈÙÈ70 ÓåÈÓ˚–!Ó Ï¢£Ï ˜Ó!¢‹Tƒ ≠ ~ ÏòÓ˚ áÓ˚à† áà≈ (horn)ñ á%!°Ó˚ § ÏD Î%_´ öÎ˚ñxy§ Ï° ˆÜ˛Ó˚y!ê˛ö !ö!ü≈ï˛ ˆ°yü† ã% ° ˛õÓ˚flõ ÏÓ˚Ó˚ § ÏD ¢_´ û˛y ÏÓ§ÇÎ%_´– Óí ¸ á Ïà≈Ó˚ Äçö 21ÈÙÙ2 ˆÜ˛!ç–Óï≈ üyö xÓfliy ≠ ~ ÏòÓ˚ §Çáƒy §yÓ˚y û˛yÓ˚ Ïï˛ xyö%üy!öܲ 2770!ê˛Ó˚üˆÏï˛y–

!Ó. o. ≠ IUCN ~ÓÇ wwfÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ˆÎÔÌ í z Ïòƒy Ïà ‘Indian Rhino

Vision-2020’ •z!ï˛ü Ïôƒ ã˛y°% • ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈ ÎyÓ˚ ü)° í z Ïj¢ƒ •° Ä•z§üÎ˚ܲy Ï° ~Ó˚ §Çáƒy Ó,!k˛ â!ê˛ ÏÎ˚ 3000 ܲÓ˚y–M : 9474417178 m E-mail : [email protected]

§yôyÓ˚î •zÇÓ˚y!ç öyü ≠ Great Indian Bustard

!ÓK˛yö§¡øï˛ öyü ≠ Ardeotis nigriceps

àí ¸ í zFã˛ï˛y ≠ üy!ê˛ ˆÌ Ïܲ 3 ú% ê˛ S≤ÃyÎ˚ 1 !üê˛yÓ˚Váyòƒû˛y§ ≠ §Ó≈û% ܲ–Óy§fliyö ≠ ~Ó˚y ü)°ï˛ Ó˚&«˛ ÷‹Ò ây§ç!ü Ïï˛ Ó§Óy§ ܲ ÏÓ˚– ~Ó˚y

üy!ê˛ °y ÏàyÎ˚y ã˛y£Ï ܲÓ˚y ç!ü çyÎ˚ày= Ï°y Ïï˛ x!ôܲ ˆòáy ÎyÎ˚–Óï≈ üyö xÓfliy ≠ §yÓ˚y ˛õ,!ÌÓ# Ïï˛ ~Ó˚y ˆÜ˛Ó°üye û˛yÓ˚ï˛ Ä

˛õy!ܲhflÏy Ïö ˛õyÄÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚– Óƒy˛õܲ •y ÏÓ˚ !¢Ü˛yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y ~ÓÇ ~ ÏòÓ˚xyÓy§fli° ôùǧ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚ Ïî IUCNÈÙÈ~Ó˚ Red Data Book

xö%§y ÏÓ˚ ~Ó˚y §Çܲê˛çöܲû˛y ÏÓ !Ó˛õߨ (Critically Endangered)–§yÓ˚y ˛õ,!ÌÓ# Ïï˛ xyö%üy!öܲ üye 250!ê˛ ü Ïï˛y ˆÓÑ Ïã˛ Ó˚ ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈ (Bird

Life International, 2011 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ §%üyÓ˚# xö%§yˆÏÓ˚V–ï˛ ÏÓ xy¢yÓ˚ xy Ï°yÈÙÈÓ˚yçfliyö §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ ‘Project Great Indian

Bustard’ ≤Ãܲ“ §ÇÓ˚«˛ ÏîÓ˚ í z Ïj Ï¢ƒ 2013 §y Ï° ã˛y°% ܲ ÏÓ˚ ÏåÈ–ˆòáy Îyܲ û˛!ӣσ Ïï˛ Ü˛# •Î˚⁄

öy– xyÓyÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ê˛ Pin NumberÈÙÈ•z e´üÓô≈üyö ˆüÔ!°Ü˛ §ÇáƒyÓ˚=îú˛° !•§y ÏÓ ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲÓ˚y ÎyÎ˚– ~•z í z õfliy˛õö!ê˛ ˆày˛õö ã˛y!ÓÓ˚ ü Ïï˛yˆÎˆÏܲyˆÏöy ATM Machine ˆÌ Ïܲ ÷ô%üye !ö ÏçÓ˚ ÓƒyB˛ xƒyܲyí z Ïrê˛Ó˚ï˛y°y á% Ï° ê˛yܲy ï% ° Ïï˛ §y•y΃ ܲ ÏÓ˚– xöƒ ܲy ÏÓ˚yÓ˚ ˛õ Ï«˛ ~•zí z õfliy˛õöyÓ˚ xö%üyö ܲÓ˚yÄ ò%ɧyôƒ ܲyÓ˚î ˆüÔ!°Ü˛ §ÇáƒyÓ˚y ˆï˛yx§Çზ ˆüÔ!°Ü˛ §Çáƒy ÏòÓ˚ x!û˛öÓ ÏcÓ˚ í z õÓ˚ !öû≈ Ó˚ ܲ ÏÓ˚•z ü)°ï˛Cryptography ~•zû˛y ÏÓ•z !öÓ˚y˛õ_y ≤Ãòyö ܲ ÏÓ˚ •zÈÙÈÓƒy!B˛Ç •zÈÙÈܲü≈y§≈ñ•zÈÙȈü•z°ñ ÄÎy•zÈÙÈú˛y•zñ §ƒy Ïê˛°y•zê˛ !ê˛!û˛ ã˛ƒy Ïö°ÈÙÙÙÈ ~ܲ ܲÌyÎ !í˛!çê˛ƒy°ò%!öÎ˚yÎ˚ñ Îy xyç üyöÓçyï˛#Ó˚ §y ÏÌ Äï˛ Ï≤Ãyï˛û˛y ÏÓ ç!í ¸ï˛–

≤ÃÜ, !ï˛ ˆÌ Ïܲ §û˛ƒï˛yÓ˚ §Ó≈e ˛õ!Ó˚Óƒ_´ ˆüÔ!°Ü˛ §ÇáƒyÓ˚y– ï˛y•z ˆï˛yï˛y ÏòÓ˚ xhsˇ•#ö ï˛y!°Ü˛yÎ˚ !öï˛ƒöï% ö §Ç ÏÎyçö • ÏÎ˚•z ã˛ Ï° ÏåÈ–çyö%Î˚y!Ó˚ 2018 ˛õÎ≈hsˇ ˛õyÄÎ˚y ˆ¢£Ï ˆüÔ!°Ü˛ §Çáƒy!ê˛ •°277ñ232ñ917ÈÈÙÙ1 ÎyÓ˚ xB˛ §Çáƒy •° 23ñ249ñ425– ˆüÔ!°Ü˛ §Çáƒy!ö ÏÎ˚ ã˛ã≈ y !ܲv ˆÌ Ïü ˆö•zñ Ìyü ÏÓÄ öy– ܲyÓ˚î ï˛yÓ˚y ˆÎ xööƒ–˛õ!Ó˚ Ï¢ Ï£Ï ~ܲê˛y ܲÌy•z Ó°yÓ˚ Ìy Ïܲ ˆüÔ!°Ü˛ §Çáƒy §¡õ ÏÜ≈ –

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Ó˚ Ïb ˆÓ˚yà !ã˛!ܲͧyÊ

ˆçƒy!ï˛£Ï#Ó˚y òyÓ# ܲ ÏÓ˚ üyö% Ï£ÏÓ˚ öyöy Ó˚ܲü ˆÓ˚yà•Î˚ !Ó!û˛ß¨ @ˇÃ Ï•Ó˚ ≤Ãû˛y ÏÓ– ˆÎüö ¢Ü% ö# @ˇÃ Ï•Ó˚≤Ãû˛y ÏÓ ç°Ó§hsˇñ ˛õ%ï˛öy @ˇÃ Ï•Ó˚ çöƒ ˛õyï˛°y˛õyÎáyöyñ x¶˛ ˛õ%ï˛öy @ˇÃ Ï•Ó çöƒ •yüñ ¢#ï˛˛õ%ï˛öyÓçöƒ ܲ Ï°Ó˚y •Î˚– ~•z §Ó @ˇÃ Ï•Ó˚ ˆÜ˛y Ïöy x!hflÏcˆö•z– @ˇÃ•=!° ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ üy•z° ò) ÏÓ˚ ÌyܲyÎ˚~Ó˚y üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ¢Ó˚#ˆÏÓ˚ ˆÜ˛y Ïöy ≤Ãû˛yÓ ˆú˛° Ïï˛ ˛õy ÏÓ˚ öy– üyö% Ï£ÏÓ˚ ˆò Ï•ˆÓ˚yà Óƒy!ô •Î˚ !Ó!û˛ß¨ ¢Ó˚#Ó˚Ó,_#Î˚ ܲyÎ≈ܲyÓ˚ ÏîÓ˚ çöƒñ ˆÜ˛y Ïöy @ˇÃ Ï•Ó˚ˆú˛ˆÏÓ˚ öÎ˚–

Ó˚b ÓƒÓ§yÎ˚#Ó˚y Ó Ï° Ìy Ïܲ ˆÓ˚yà §,!‹TܲyÓ˚# ˙ @ˇÃ•=!° Ïܲ ¢yhsˇÜ˛Ó˚ Ï° ˆÓ˚yà ò)Ó˚ • ÏÓ– ï˛y•z ï˛yÓ˚y ˛õÓ˚yü¢≈ ˆòÎ˚ @ˇÃ•Ó˚b ôyÓ˚î ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛ñÎy @ˇÃ•=!° Ïܲ ¢yhsˇ ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛ ˛õy ÏÓ˚– ˆÎüö ü,à# Ïï˛ ö#°yñ xŸª≈ ÏÓ˚y Ïà˛õ°yñ •*ò ÏÓy Ïà ö#°yñ ~ܲ•z û˛y ÏÓ ã% ö#ñ ˛õyßyñ ã˛wܲyhsˇü!îñ §)Î≈ܲyhsˇü!îñôyÓ˚î ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛– !ܲv ˆÓ˚yà !ã˛!ܲͧyÎ˚ ~•z Ó˚ ÏbÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ û) !üܲy ˆö•z–~•z @ˇÃ•Ó˚b=!° xy§ˆÏ° §ü%oçñ á!öç Óy Ó˚y§yÎ˚!öܲ ˛õòyÌ≈ˆÎüöÈÙÙÙÈ ö#°yÈÙÈxƒy°%!ü!öÎ˚yü x:y•zí˛ñ ˛õ°yÈÙÈܲƒy°!§Î˚yü ܲy ÏÓ≈y Ïöê˛•zï˛ƒy!ò– ~•z §Ü˛° Ó˚y§yÎ˚!öܲ ˛õòyÌ≈ Óy•z ÏÓ˚ ˆÌ Ïܲ ˆò Ï• flõ¢≈ ܲÓ˚ Ï°Ü˛áö•z ˆÓ˚yà §yÓ˚ Ïï˛ ˛õy ÏÓ˚ öy–

≤ÃÜ, ï˛˛õ Ï«˛ ˆÓ˚yà ÎsfîyÎ˚ ܲyï˛Ó˚ üyö%£Ï !ã˛!ܲͧyÓ˚ xû˛y ÏÓ §Ó˚°!ÓŸªy ϧ !Ó!û˛ß¨ §•ç ˛õÌ ï˛Ìy @ˇÃ•Ó˚b ôyÓ˚î ܲ ÏÓ˚– ˆçƒy!ï˛£Ï#Ó˚y ~•z

13 !ÓK˛yö x Ïß∫£Ïܲ–– ˆüÈÙç%ö 2018

!ÓŸªy§ Ïܲ ܲy Ïç °y!à ÏÎ !ö ÏçÓy ÓƒÓ§yܲ ÏÓ˚ ú% Ï° ˆú˛ Ï õ í zë˛ ÏåÈ !ܲv §yôyÓ˚îüyö%£Ï Ïܲ xy ÏÓy ç!ê˛°ï˛Ó ˆÓy ÏàÓ !ò Ïܲˆë˛ Ï° !ò ÏFåÈ–

§ ÏÓ≈y˛õ!Ó˚ Ó°y ≤à ÏÎ˚yçö ˆÜ˛y Ïöyˆçƒy!ï˛£Ï @ˇÃ•Ó˚ˆÏb ˆÓ˚yà §yˆÏÓ˚ ӈϰ

!ÓK˛y˛õö Óy ≤Ãã˛yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛ ˛õy ÏÓ˚ öy– The Drug & Magic

Remedies (Objectionable Advertisement) Act, 1954ÈÙÈxö%ÎyÎ#ˆÜ˛yö Ó˚ܲü x ÏÓK˛y!öܲ !ÓK˛y˛õö ≤Ãã˛yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y ò[˛î#Î˚ x˛õÓ˚yô–

ˆçƒy!ï˛£Ï# ÏòÓ˚ ÓƒÓ•*ï˛ Ó˚b

Ó˚b ˜ÓK˛y!öܲ öyü ü)° í˛z˛õyòyö

•#Ó˚y ܲyÓ≈ö ܲyÓ≈öã%˛ö# ˆÜ˛yÓ˚yu˛yü xƒy°%!ü!öÎ˚yüñ x!:ˆÏçöö#°y xƒy°%!ü!öÎ˚yü x:y•zí˛ ññ ññ˛õyߨy ˆÓ!Ó˚° ˆÓ!Ó˚!°Î˚yüñ ññ ññˆàyˆÏüò Sû˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚V àyÓ˚ˆÏöê˛ Ü˛ƒy°!§Î˚yüñ üƒyàˆÏö!§Î˚yüñ ññ≤ÃÓy° † ˛õ°y ܲƒy°!§Î˚yü ܲyÓ≈ˆÏöê˛ Ü˛ƒy°!§Î˚yüñ ܲyÓ≈ö ññˆ˛õyáÓ˚yç ˆê˛∆y˛õyç xƒy°%!ü!öÎ˚yüñ !§!°Ü˛öñ ññ˜Óò%Î≈ƒü!ö e´y•zˆÏ§yˆÏÓ!Ó˚° ˆÓ!Ó˚!°Î˚yüñ xƒy°%!ü!öÎ˚yü ññ

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çy Ïöy !ܲ⁄ˆ˛õÑÎ˚yç ܲyê˛ Ï° ˆã˛yá ç° xy ϧ ˆÜ˛ö⁄

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ï˛y Ïܲ•z Ó Ï° x◊&– xyüÓ˚y Îáö ˆã˛y ÏáÓ˚˛õ°Ü˛ ˆú˛!°ñ x◊&@ˇÃ!si ˆÌ Ïܲ ç°#Î˚ ˛õòyÌ≈ˆÓ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ~ˆÏ§ ˆã˛yˆÏáÓ˚ Óy•zˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xÇ¢ ô%ˆÏÎ˚ˆòÎ˚– ~•z ç° ˆã˛y ÏáÓ˚ ܲ!ö≈Î˚y Ïܲ ÷!ܲ ÏÎ˚ÎyÄÎ˚y ˆÌ Ïܲ Ó˚«˛y ܲ ÏÓ˚– ˆã˛y Ïá ô% Ï°yÓy!°!ܲå%È ˛õí ¸ Ï° ˆã˛y ÏáÓ˚ ˛õyï˛y xy˛õöy ˆÌ Ïܲ•zˆáy°yÓ¶˛ ܲ ÏÓ˚ x◊&@ˇÃ!si ˆÌ Ïܲ ç° ~ Ïö

ˆã˛yá Ïܲ ˛õ!Ó˚flÒyÓ˚ ܲ ÏÓ˚ ˆòÎ˚–ˆ˛õÑÎ˚yç ܲyê˛yÓ˚ §üÎ˚ ˆ˛õÑÎ˚yç ˆÌ Ïܲ ˆÓÓ˚ •Î˚ Propanethial S-

oxide àƒy§– ~•z àƒy§ ˆ˛õÑÎ˚y ÏçÓ˚ ü ÏôƒÜ˛yÓ˚ í zÍ Ï§ã˛ ÏܲÓ˚ § ÏD !ü Ï¢˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲ ÏÓ˚ §y°ú˛yÓ˚ àƒy§– §y°ú˛yÓ˚ àƒy§ ˆã˛y Ïá ~ Ï° ˆÎ ü,ò% xƒy!§í˛˜ï˛!Ó˚ •Î˚ ï˛yÓ˚ ú˛ Ï°•z ˆã˛y Ïá çµy°y ô!Ó˚ ÏÎ˚ ç° ~ Ïö ˆòÎ˚– ~•z ç°xy§ Ï° ˆã˛yá Ïܲ ô% ÏÎ˚ çµy°y ܲüy Ïï˛ §y•y΃ ܲ ÏÓ˚–

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˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ Ï¢Ó˚ çöƒ üyö% Ï£ÏÓ˚ ˛õòÎyey

˛õ!Ó ÏÓ Ï¢Ó Ó«˛yÓ xy Ï®y°ö ~ܲ Ï¢y ÓåÈ ÏÓÓ ˆÓ!¢ ˛õ% ÏÓy Ïöy– 1972ÈÙÈ~Ó˛õÓ˚ ˆÌ Ïܲ ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ê˛ ˆò Ï¢•z ˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ¢ ÓÑyã˛y ÏöyÓ˚ çöƒ ˆ§!üöyÓ˚ñxy Ï°yã˛öyÈÙȧ• öyöyö ˛õò Ï«˛˛õ ˆöÄÎ˚y • ÏFåÈ– ï˛Ó%Ä ˆÎö ˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ¢Ó˚«˛y • ÏFåÈ öy– ˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ Ï¢ !Ó˛õÎ≈Î˚ ˆÓ Ïí ¸•z ã˛ Ï° ÏåÈ–

˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ¢ ÓÑyã˛y ÏöyÓ˚ ¢˛õÌ !ö ÏÎ˚ 10!ê˛ òy!ÓÓ˚ §üÌ≈ Ïö ˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ Ï¢Ó˚çöƒ üyö% Ï£ÏÓ˚ ˛õòÎyey ܲ!ü!ê˛ 19 ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ ˛õòÎyey ÷Ó˚& ܲ ÏÓ˚òy!ç≈!°Ç ˆç°yÓ˚ ê˛y•zàyÓ˚ !•° ˆÌ Ïܲ– ˆüyê˛ 35!òö ô ÏÓ˚ 12!ê˛ ˆç°yÓ˚≤ÃyÎ˚ 1100 ˛!ܲ!ü. ˛õÌ ˛õ!Ó˚e´üy 25 üyã≈ §yàÓ˚ m# Ï õ ˆ¢£Ï •Î˚–

˛õòÎyeyÎ˚ Ó˚yˆÏçƒÓ˚ !Ó!û˛ß¨ ˆç°yÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢Ü˛ü≈#Ó˚y fl%҈ϰÓ˚åÈyeÈÙÈåÈye# ÏòÓ ü Ïôƒ ˛õ!Ó ÏÓ¢ § Ïã˛ï˛öï˛yÓ Óyï≈ y ˆ˛õÑÔ ÏåÈ ˆòö– ˛õ!Ó ÏÓ Ï¢Ó§ü§ƒy=!° ï% Ï° ô ÏÓö– !Ó!û˛ß Üœ yÓñ §üyç ϧ!Ó §Çàë˛öñ öyê˛ƒÜ˛ü≈#ÈÙȧ•§Ó≈hflÏ ÏÓ˚Ó˚ üyö%£Ï Ä åÈyeÈÙÈåÈye#Ó˚y ~•z ˛õòÎyeyÎ˚ §y!ü° • ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈö–

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˛õòÎyeyÎ˚ ≤Ãã˛yÓ˚ ˛õeñ !ÓK˛y ÏöÓ˚ ˛õ!eܲyñ ˆ˛õyfiê˛yÓ˚ ê˛ƒyÓ Ï°yÓ˚ ÓƒÓfliyܲÓ˚y •Î˚– ¢y!hsˇ˛õ%Ó˚ñ Ó˚yöyâyê˛ñ ã˛yܲò•ñ ÓöàÑyÄñ ÓyÓ˚y§yï˛ñ ÓyÓ˚yܲ˛õ%Ó˚ñ!¢!°=!í ¸ñ Óy°%Ó˚âyê˛ñ Ó•Ó˚ü˛õ%Ó˚ñ Ü, £èöàÓ˚ §• !Ó!û˛ß¨ xM˛È Ï° ˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ¢§ Ïã˛ï˛öï˛yÓ˚ çöƒ ˛õ̧û˛yñ öyê˛Ü˛ñ xy Ï°yã˛öy §û˛yñ àyöñ ܲ!Óï˛y˛õy Ïë˛Ó˚ xy ÏÎ˚yçö ܲÓ˚y •Î˚– Ó‡ xM˛È Ï°•z üyö%£Ï fl∫ï˛Éfl≥) ï≈ û˛y ÏÓ ~•z˛õòÎyeyÎ˚ §y!ü° • ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈö– ˛õòÎyey ܲ!ü!ê˛Ó˚ ˛õ Ï«˛ ܲ ÏÕ‘y° Ó˚yÎ˚ñÓ˚y‡° ÏòÓ !ÓŸªy§ñ §O#Ó Ü˛y¤˛ñ §%çÎ˚ !ÓŸªy§ñ §%!ÓöÎ˚ ˛õy°ñ xö% õ•y°òyÓ˚ñ Ó˚*˛õy!° ã˛yܲ°yòyÓ˚ñ ï˛y˛õ§ !ÓŸªy§ñ !Ó˚öüñ ˆÜ˛Ô!¢Ü˛ñ ˆÜ˛Ô¢°ñ§%!ü !§Ü˛òyÓ˚ §• ˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ¢Ü˛ü≈#Ó˚y ˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ¢ § Ïã˛ï˛öï˛yÓ˚ ˛õy¢y˛õy!¢˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ¢ Ó˚«˛y xy Ï®y°ö Ïܲ §yÓ≈çö#ö Ó˚*˛õ ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˆã˛‹Ty ã˛y!° ÏÎ˚ˆà ÏåÈö– §Ó≈e ˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ¢ ÓÑyã˛y ÏöyÓ˚ òy!Ó Ïï˛ ˆçyÓ˚òyÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛Óyò xy Ï®y°ö•ÄÎ˚y á%Ó çÓ˚&Ó˚#–

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ã˛yܲòˆÏ• àyåÈ Ä ç°y¢ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ çöƒ û˛y£Ïî ΈϢyÓ˚ ˆÓ˚yˆÏí˛ àyˆÏåÈÓ˚ úÑ˛yˆÏܲ ¢y!hsˇ˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚ ˛õòÎyey

Ó˚yîyâyˆÏê˛ §Ó%ç ÓÑyã˛yÄ x!û˛ÎyˆÏöÓ˚ §üyˆÏÓ¢ •yÓÓ˚yÎ˚ àyåÈ ÓÑyã˛yˆÏöyÓ˚ çˆÏöƒ §D#ï˛ §yàÓ˚§DˆÏü ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏӈϢÓ˚ ˛õ!ÌܲÓ˚y

14 !ÓK˛yö x Ïß∫£Ïܲ–– ˆüÈÙç%ö 2018

15 !ÓK˛yö x Ïß∫£Ïܲ–– ˆüÈÙç%ö 2018

!ÓK˛yö# § Ïï˛ƒwöyÌ Ó§%Ó˚ 125ï˛ü çß√Óy!£Ï≈ܲ# í zò‰Îy˛õö

Ó˚ ÏÎ˚° ˆÓD° ê˛y•zàyÓ˚ á%ö

24ÈÙÈ25 üyã≈ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y §y ÏÎ˚™ !§!ê˛ !ü!ö x!í˛ Ïê˛y!Ó˚Î˚y Ïü ÓD#Î˚ !ÓK˛yö ˛õ!Ó˚£Ï ÏòÓ˚ í z Ïòƒy Ïà 2 !òöÓƒy˛õ# çyï˛#Î˚ hflÏ ÏÓ˚ xy Ï°yã˛öy §û˛yñ § Ïï˛ƒwöyÌ Ó§%Ó˚ !ÓK˛yö à ÏÓ£Ïîyñ üyï, û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ !ÓK˛yöã˛ã≈ yñ!ÓK˛y ÏöÓ˚ •z!ï˛•y§ ã˛ã≈ yñ !ÓK˛yö Ä §üyç Ä !ÓK˛yö çö!≤ÃÎ˚ܲÓ˚îñ !ÓK˛yö xy Ï®y°ö Ä !ÓK˛yö üöflÒï˛y!Ó£ÏÎ˚=!° xy Ï°yã˛öy Ä ≤à ϟ¿y_Ó˚ ˛õÓ≈ xö%!¤˛ï˛ •Î˚–

fl∫yàï˛ û˛y£Ï Ïî ÓD#Î˚ !ÓK˛yö ˛õ!Ó˚£Ï ÏòÓ˚ §¡õyòܲ ï˛˛õö §y•y 2 !ò ÏöÓ˚ xö%¤˛yö=!° !ö ÏÎ˚xy Ï°yܲ˛õyï˛ Ü˛ ÏÓ˚ö– !Ó!û˛ß¨ ˛õÎ≈y ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆ§!üöy ÏÓ˚ í˛. §ï˛ƒÓ ï˛ òy¢=Æ S§û˛y˛õ!ï˛ñ ÓD#Î˚ !ÓK˛yö˛õ!Ó˚£ÏòVñ xôƒy˛õܲ x˛õÓ˚y!çï˛ Ó§% S§¡õyòܲñ K˛yö Ä !ÓK˛yöV xôƒy˛õܲ ˛õ°y¢ÓÓ˚î ˛õy°ñ xôƒy˛õܲ

Óö òÆ ÏÓ˚Ó˚ xÓ Ï•°y Ä ÓƒÌ≈ï˛y Ïï˛•z ˛õ!ÿ˛ü ˆü!òö#˛õ% ÏÓ˚Ó˚ °y°àí ¸xM˛È Ï°Ó˚ Óyâ ÏâyÓ˚y çD Ï° Ó˚ ÏÎ˚° ˆÓD° ê˛y•zàyÓ˚ Ïܲ á%ö • Ïï˛ •°–14 ~!≤ð !¢Ü˛yÓ˚ í zͧ ÏÓÓ˚ !ë˛Ü˛ xy ÏàÓ˚ !òö– áyÓy ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆáÑy Ïç â% ÏÓ˚â% ÏÓ˚ Óyâ!ê˛ Üœ yhsˇ • ÏÎ˚ ˛õ Ïí ¸!åÈ°– Óöܲï≈ y ÏòÓ˚ ü Ïï˛ ~!òö ò% õ% ÏÓ˚!¢Ü˛yÓ˚# ÏòÓ˚ ü% Ïáyü%!á • Ï° Ó˚ ÏÎ˚° ˆÓD° !öÓ˚y˛õò xy◊Î˚ á%Ñç!åÈ°–≤ÃÌ Ïü §sfhflÏ • ÏÎ˚ ò%Ûçö Ïܲ çáü ܲ ÏÓ˚ñ ˛õ ÏÓ˚ !ö Ïç Ïܲ =!ê˛ ÏÎ˚ ˆöÎ˚–~Ó˚ õÓ˚ ÓÕ‘ü xyÓ˚ x ÏflfÓ˚ ü% Ïá !ö Ïç Ïܲ xyÓ˚ Ó˚«˛y ܲÓ˚ Ïï˛ ˛õy ÏÓ˚!ö–Óöܲü≈# ÏòÓ˚ ôyÓ˚îy !¢Ü˛yÓ˚# ÏòÓ˚ ü Ïôƒ ˆÜ˛í z ÓÕ‘ü Óy ÏâÓ˚ à°yÎ˚ !ÓÖ!ô ÏÎ˚ˆòÎ˚– à°yÎ˚ ÓÕ‘ü !ö ÏÎ˚ Óyâ!ê˛ ˆÓ¢ !ܲå%È ò)Ó˚ å%È Ïê˛ ÎyÎ˚– ~Ó˚ õÓ˚ Óyâ!ê˛÷ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸–

15 ~!≤ð é˛yí ¸@ˇÃyü ¢• ÏÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ¢ Ä ˛õ÷ ˆ≤Ãü#Ó˚y ~ܲ ˆüÔö!ü!åÈ° ܲ ÏÓ˚ö– í z Ïòƒy_´y ÏòÓ˚ ˛õ Ï«˛ !Ó≤’Ó üy•y Ïï˛y Ó Ï°ö Óyâ Ïܲ •ï˛ƒy ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛Óy Ïò ~•z ˆüÔö !ü!åÈ°– í z Ïòƒy_´yÓ˚y ˆòy£Ï# ÏòÓ˚ ܲ Ïë˛yÓ˚ ¢y!hflÏÓ˚òy!Ó Ü˛ ÏÓ˚ö ~ÓÇ x!Ó° Ï¡∫ !¢Ü˛yÓ˚ í zÍ§Ó Ó¶˛ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ˛õ Ï«˛ ˆçyí ¸y Ï°y §ÄÎ˚y° ܲ ÏÓ˚ö–

~áy Ïö í z ÏÕ‘á ܲÓ˚y òÓ˚ܲyÓ˚ 2006 §y Ï°Ó˚ Óö x!ôܲyÓ˚ xy•z Ïö ≤ÃÌyàï˛ !¢Ü˛yÓ˚ í zÍ§Ó Ü˛Ó˚yÓ˚ öy Ïü Óöƒ≤Ãyî# •ï˛ƒy ܲÓ˚y Ä ˆò•yÇ¢˛õyã˛yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y x˛õÓ˚yô– xÌã˛ ÓöòÆÓ˚ !ú˛ ÓåÈÓ˚ çD° ü• Ï° !¢Ü˛yÓ˚ í zÍ§Ó Ü˛Ó˚yÓ˚ xö%ü!ï˛ !ò ÏÎ˚ Ìy Ïܲö–

‘Public & Heal’ ˆfl∫FåÈy ϧÓ# §ÇfliyÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ¢Ü˛ü≈# ÷º Ïçƒy!ï˛ ã˛ ÏRƒy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ çy!ö ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈö Óyâ!ê˛ åÈyí ¸yÄ ~ÓyÓ˚ xhsˇï˛ 20!ê˛ Óö!Óí ¸y°ñ40!ê˛ Óö÷ ÏÎ˚yÓ˚ñ x§Çრü!öê˛Ó˚ !°çyí≈ ñ ˛õy!áñ áÓ˚ Ïày¢ !¢Ü˛yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y • ÏÎ˚ ÏåÈ–

Óöƒ≤Ãyî Ä ï˛yÓ˚ §ÇÓ˚«˛î !ö ÏÎ˚ xy!òÓy§# ÏòÓ˚ ü Ïôƒ § Ïã˛ï˛öï˛y ≤çy ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyç!ê˛ Ïܲ ~!à ÏÎ˚ !ö ÏÎ˚ ÎyÄÎ˚y §Ó Ïã˛ ÏÎ˚ çÓ˚&Ó˚#–

!¢Óyç# Ó˚y•yñ xôƒy˛õܲ !ò°#˛õ Ó§%ñ §üÓ˚ Óyàã˛#ñ í˛É §%!üey ˆã˛Ôô%Ó˚#ñ ò#˛õܲ òÑyñ í˛É Ó˚yôyܲyhsˇ ˆÜ˛yöyÓ˚ñí˛É ≤Ãò#˛õ ü•y˛õye Ä ï˛y˛õ§ üç%üòyÓ˚§• xöƒyöƒÓ˚y xy Ï°yã˛öy §û˛yÎ˚ xÇ¢@ˇÃ•î ܲ ÏÓ˚ö– Ó˚y ÏçƒÓ˚ !Ó!û˛ß¨ ˆç°y ˆÌ Ïܲ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 300ÈÙÈÓ˚ ˆÓ!¢ !ÓK˛yö xö%Ó˚yà#Ó˚y xÇ¢@ˇÃ•î ܲ ÏÓ˚ö–

ºü §Ç Ï¢yôö

!e´°ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ åÈ!Ó–àï˛ §ÇáƒyÎ˚ !e´ Ï°Ó˚ û% °åÈ!Ó ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ • ÏÎ˚!åÈ°–

~•z çöƒ xyüÓ˚y ò%É!áï˛–

K˛yö#!ò!ò

xö%!°áö ≠ í˛. !§k˛yÌ≈ ˆçyÎ˚yÓ˚òyÓ˚ xB˛ö ≠ ç%ˆÏÎ˚° •y°òyÓ˚

16 !ÓK˛yö x Ïß∫£Ïܲ–– ˆüÈÙç%ö 2018

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10. Ó˚_´ñ ˆÎ xÓfliyÎ˚ xyüy ÏòÓ˚ ¢Ó˚# ÏÓ˚ ≤ÃÓy!•ï˛ •Î˚–11. §y•z!ܲÎ˚y!ê ∆fiê˛ üyö% Ï£ÏÓ˚ ˆÎ ˆÓ˚y ÏàÓ˚ !Ó Ï¢£ÏK˛–13. í˛y_´yÓ˚ Ïܲ Óy!í ¸ Ïï˛ ï˛°Ó Ü˛Ó˚ Ïï˛ Îy !ò Ïï˛ •Î˚–15. ˆã˛ï˛öy Óy xö%û˛Ó ¢!_´–16. í zͧy Ï•Ó˚ xû˛yÓ†!öÓ˚&òƒü xÓfliyñ Úüyö!§Ü˛ ÈÈÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÈÛ–17. •*ò!˛õˆÏu˛ Ó˚ˆÏäÓ˚ xû˛yÓç!öï˛ ˆÓòöy–18. ˆû˛ày§ fl¨yÎ%Ó˚ x Ïflfy˛õã˛yÓ˚–

í z õÓ˚ÈÙÈö#ã˛ ≠1. ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ !¢Î˚y°ò• xM˛ÈˆÏ° !fliï˛ ~•z !Óáƒyï˛ ˆü!í˛Ü˛y° ܲˆÏ°ç Ä •y§˛õyï˛y°–3. xfl∫yfliƒñ ˆÓ˚yàñ ~ܲ !ï˛ˆÏö í˛zˆÏŒê˛ ܲ!Ó=Ó˚&–4. ÚÈÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÈÈ ˛õ!ê˛Ûñ 絈ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ï˛y˛õ ܲüy ÏöyÓ˚ çöƒ ܲ˛õy Ï° ˆòÓyÓ˚ !§_´ ܲy˛õ Ïí˛¸Ó˚ ê%˛Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚y–5. ˆÎ §Ó ç#Óyî% ¢Ó˚#Ó˚ Ïܲ ˆÓ˚yà@ˇÃhflÏ Ü˛ ÏÓ˚–7. x ÏsfÓ˚ ˆÓòöy–8. ˛õyܲfli!ï˛°ˆÏï˛ «˛ï˛ Óy ây–9. üyöÓ ¢Ó˚# ÏÓ˚ ü)° ˆe´y Ïüy Ïçyüñ ~ܲ !ï˛ Ïö !¢Ü˛yÓ˚# ÚÈÈÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÈÈÚ Ü˛Ó˚ ÏÓê˛–

12. Ó˚ Ï_´ fl∫yû˛y!Óܲ ˆ°y!•ï˛ ܲ!îܲy– ˆ¢£Ï !ï˛ Ïö •z ÏD Úò,!‹T¢!_´Û–14. «˛yÓ˚Ó˚§Î%_´ Ó˚y§yÎ˚!öܲ ˛õòyÌ≈ !Ó Ï¢£Ïñ Îy xyüÓ˚y áy ÏòƒÓ˚ üyôƒ Ïü ˆ˛õ ÏÎ˚ Ìy!ܲ– ü•ydy

ày¶˛#Ó˚ ÚÚÈÈÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÈ §ï˛ƒy@ˇÃ•ÛÛ–15. ¢Ó˚# ÏÓ˚ ç° ~Ó˚ üyey ܲ Ïü ˆà Ï° •y§˛õyï˛y Ï° ~ê˛y ã˛y°% ܲÓ˚y •Î˚–

24 “BIGYAN ANNESWAK” VOL : 15 Issue No. 3 May-June 2018 RNI NO. WBBEN/2003/11192 Rs. 5

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˜çÓ ≤ÃÎ%!_´ˆ˛õ!™ Ï°Ó˚ á% Ï° !ö°yü ܲy벲õ%Ñ Ïï˛ !ò°yü–

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E-mail : [email protected] /[email protected]

˛õ!eܲy ˆÎyày ÏÎyà

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!≤ÃÎ˚ ˛õyë˛Ü˛ ˛õ!eܲyÓ˚ çöƒ xy˛õ!öÄ ˆ°áy ˛õyë˛yˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ö– !ÓK˛yö xö%§¶˛yö# x≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛

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xy˛õöyÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ ˛õ!eܲy ˛õy!ë˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆòÓ xyüÓ˚y•z–

Mob. 8961401423

ã˛yܲò• !ÓK˛yö Ä §yÇfl,Ò!ï˛Ü˛ §Çfliy M. 9332283356 ” ç°˛õy•z=!í˛¸ §yˆÏÎ˚™ xƒyu˛ ˆöã˛yÓ˚ Üœ˛yÓ M.

9232387401 ” ≤Ãï˛y˛õò#!â ˆ°yܲ!ÓK˛yö §Çfliy M. 9732681106 ” ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y !ÓK˛yö Ä §yÇfl,Ò!ï˛Ü˛ §ÇfliyM. 9477589456 ” ï˛˛õö ã˛®ñ üyòyÓ˚#•yê˛ñ xy!°˛õ%Ó˚ò%Î˚yÓ M. 9733153661 ” ˆÜ˛yã˛!Ó•yÓ˚ !ÓK˛yö ˆã˛ï˛öyˆú˛yÓ˚yü M. 9434686749 ” ˆàyÓÓ˚í˛yäy à ÏÓ£Ïîy ˛õ!Ó˚£ÏÍ M. 9593866569 ” ˛õ!Ó˚ ÏÓ¢ Óy¶˛Ó üM˛ÈñÓyÓ˚yܲ˛õ%Ó˚ M. 9331035550 ” !¢Î˚y°ò• ˆfiê˛¢öñ ˜Ó!ã˛eƒñ ˛õy!ï˛Ó˚yüñ ôƒyö!Ó®% Ä üö#£Ïy SܲˆÏ°ç !flT…ê˛V” fl∫yfliƒñ !¢«˛y Ä í˛zߨÎ˚ö M. 9153320581