Top Banner
20

روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

Jan 26, 2023

Download

Documents

Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

133.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.132

»UB�À�A·�«B]njoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n¬B¼MºjApCoM»�BLUnA­½±ºBµºn°C­�nBYC

»½BL�BL�³«À�²B¢zAjRB�BLUnAºAoT�jº±\zAj-#

#²A±io�{u±½oT�j

»½BL�BL�³«À�²B¢zAj»�BªT]A ±¦�¶k�zAj»�BªT]ARB�BLUnA ±¦�²°o£jBTwA-##[email protected]

##»�½kM©¼�oT�j:S�B½njg½nBU84.4.26:xo½mQg½nBU84.9.25

²k¼�an±Twj­¼¼�U¬BªT�£B½C³�k{kµA±i²jAjgwBQºk¼¦�ywoQ­½A³M³§B�«­½Anj³M»QBa»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nnjRB�À�A³½±v�½¬B½o]q¼°ºpBw³Tv]oM°³v¦]ºnB¢³«Bp°nB½C°o¼iB½SwA¤B�TA¤BenjK�Bh«ºBµ²j±UpA»�¼w°c�wº±w

Page 2: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

135.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.134

­½±ÇºBµºr±§±®Ç�UoÇM³¼�UBM³�oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n»®�½xpBTz¼Q·±£BM­½ÀC/o¼iB½k®�»«�ª�¬B¼MºjApC³M,²jo�B�½Ay�¬BªT�£¤B�TA­½Anj»�BLUnA

±�«³�SwA²j±M³T�­½AoMq�oªT«xÀU³ªµ,»¦�A¶joTv£yµ°sQnj³ao£ApA,RB¼ÇMjAn°oÇ«�½oÇ�pA»®�½o¼v«nBapA¬BªT�£¤B�TA­¼ªµ°©v¼§Bn°roL½BwoL½BÇwºnB¢³«BÇp°n·�oÇ�nj»BÇ]¬Ao�KeB�ºAoM³�»½Bµ³«BywoQ�½o�n±v�°oÇQ:pAkÇA²j±ÇMk®UnBLÇ�yµ°sQ­½AºBµywoQ³M¬B£k®µjgwBQ)²k{¤BwnAºBµ³BÇwn°©v¼§BÇn°roL½BÇwS½Bwo¼Mjow,Ak½n±¦�²B¢zAjpAq«AjC�«ºk®½B«jBTÇwA,o¢oÇM�§Ann±v�°oÇQ;SvQ­T¢®Ç{A°S½BÇwnj­T«·�w±U¤±Ãv«°oL½BwºBµRnBÇ«}~hTÇ«,²oµBÇ�»½B�½oÇ«A²B¢zAj»�ª]RB�BLUnA°ºnB¢³«Bp°n¬Ao¼Mjow ÀM°o¼Mjow,ºn³�Q¬AoUoM;¥¦ª§A­¼MRB�BLUnAtB®{nB�°ºnB¢³«Bp°nn±v�°oQ;©v¼§Bn°roL½Bw¶nBMnjWdM·®¼«pnj¬B]¬Ao¼MjowºpB\« °o�,¬B]»wB®{³�«BÇ]¶kÇ�zAjnj³�«BÇ]°RB�BLÇUnA²B¢zµ°sÇQu¼Ç½n,±�wB«S®v®½°njºnB¢³«BÇp°njBTÇwA°nB¢³«BÇp°n,SªÇ¥¼Çn±v�°oÇQ;AjBB�q®¼½±�²B¢zAjnjºnB¢³«Bp°njBTwA,�BT®¼Qun¿n±v�°oQ,B�½o«A¶kdT«R¿B½A°jn±Q²B¢zAj­�½oÇ«A¶k®v½±Ç,p±¼Ç»w/»M/ºA°tA/»M/»wo¢{nAq£,B�½o«A¬B¢¼z¼«²B¢zAj¶q½B]ºAk½kB�,qª½BU�n±½±¼°¥�¼°o�±�v¼vAo�Bw,¬k®§qª½BU,±½±½n©v¼§Bn°ru¼Ç½n,¤°BÇQAn±Çn±v�°oÇQ;nBdÇMºAn°BÇ«»UB�±L�Ç«²B¢{BM¶q½B]°j¶koM°»«AºBµ³BÇwn�¼d«RAo¼YÑBUoMq�oªUyhM¤±Ãv«,­½±ºBµ³BwnRB�§B�«º±T¼TvA°ºnB¢³«BÇp°n[§BÇ�jBTÇwA,­½±ºBµ³BwnRB�§B�«º±T¼TvAnjA±Td«oM¬nk«pAk§Aoµ»«B¼«njRB�À�AyhMo¼Mjow,B�½o«ABU±w³®¼«²B¢zAj»�ª]RB�BLUnA,2000BU1991pAoT®½±Q»UB�BLUnA»{p±«C·Tv]oM¬B«pBw±��°1991BU1979

ºBµoLÇi­ª\ÇA±�Ç�°B�½o«AºBµ³Bwnº±T¼TvAnj­½±ºBµ³BwnyhM±��;²k®Ç½CoLÇi�BÇUAnj¬AnB¢³«BÇp°nxp±«C·®¼«pnju�¦Qp±¼¶r°oQ±��°­½ÀC°jn±Q²B¢zAj�ÀiºBµo®µ°RB�BLUnA¶k�zAju¼½n,n±Q»§Bª�»¼d½n±v�°oQ°»B]ºBµ³Bwnn±T¼B«,»B]ºBµ³Bwn¤Bn°r­½ÀC·½oz³wo¼Mjow,B�½o«A°ºnB¢³«BÇp°ntB®{nBÇ�,»Ç½AjBBÇ�¶k®v½±Ç,¬B¼¼¦¼Ç�jn±Ç�AoÇ�;»BÇ]¶kÇ�µjºBµ³M±~Ç«»wnoÇM�½oÇ�pA,J°ºAoÇM­T{±�°o�«S½BwoL½jow°»v½±J°»ª¦Ç�·±Ç£³ÇM»ÇAoǽA¬AnB¢³«BÇp°nºBµxoÇ¢y\®Çw�½o�pAq¼°»¦¦ª§A­¼M¬AnB¢³«BÇp°nxoÇ¢y\®Çw³M�±Mo«yhM³M ÓB�o�B]­½AnjB«A,j±{»½BwB®{°ºpBw³Tv]oM°³v¦]n±Twj­¼¼�U¬BªT�£¤B�TA¤BL�nj»QBa¬AnB¢³«Bp°n°oL½Bw­½Anj»�BLUnA­½±ºBµºr±§±®�Uy�°¬BL�Bh«º±w³MRB�À�A·½±w�½¬B½o]

/j±{»«³TiAjoQ¬BªT�£¤B�TA­½±ºBµºr±§±®�U,oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n,»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n:ºk¼¦�ºBµ²rA°ºjApC,¬B¼MºjApC,ºpBw³Tv]oM°³v¦]n±Twj­¼¼�U¬BªT�£,»�BLUnA°»UB�À�A³�«BÇ],�¼°oTÇ�§AºBµ³BÇwn,¬B¼ÇMºjApCk½kÇU,n±vBÇw,±¼Ç�x°n,Bµ³BwnºnB¢³«Bp°nxp±«C°SoT®½Anj¬B¼MºjApC,RB�À�A³MjApC»woTwj,»UB�À�A

oL½Bw³«k�«

ºBµºr±§±®Ç�URAo¼YÑBÇU°©v¼§Bn°roL½Bw±�«njºA²kª�ºBµyµ°sQp±®µ»¦¦Çª§A­¼ÇMq�oÇ«yµ°sÇQ­½oÇiC�LÇ�/SwA ³T�oÇ¢Rn±Ç�¬B¼MºjApCoM­½±»¦¦ÇǪ§A­¼ÇÇM¬±¼ÇÇwAnkÇÇ�³ÇÇM³TÇÇvMA°(InternationalPressCenter)RB�±L�ÇÇÇÇ«

Page 3: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

137.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.136

ºjApC¬A±®ÇÇ�SdÇÇU(InternationalFederationofJournalists)¬AnB¢³«BÇÇÇp°n

1-PressFreedomandFreedomofExpressionintheInformationSociety:SelectedStudiesandProjects

nj³�(1)KhT®«ºBµ²r°oQ°Bµyµ°sQ:»UB�À�A³�«B]nj¬B¼MºjApC°Bµ³Bwn¬BªÇµnjuPÇw°³½AnA±rnj»UB�À�A³�«B]¶nBMnj¬Aow»B]tÀ]AnjAkTMA

2-StatusofResearchontheInformationSociety

(2)»UB�ÀÇ�A·�«BÇ]njyµ°sÇQS¼��°¬A±®�BM±�v±½pA»MBT�nj2003¤Bw³ÇwoÇM»¦Ç�n±�³M¬±®�BU»UB�À�A·�«B]·�o�nj»zµ°sQºBµnB�,k{ozT®«

:SwA²j±Mq�oªT«³�o�/Bµ³BwnºjApC°¬B¼MºjApC­¼«B�«­½oU»¦�A³M:­T{Aj�MnÇ1

/SwA²k{¤BLjk�M³M1999¤BwpABµyµ°sQ¶kª�:¬j±Mo�B�«Ç2³]±ÇUjn±Ç«¬AnB¢³«Bp°nnB�°¬Ak°o{�±�eRB�±�±«:»«±ª�³]±UÇ3

/(Boafo,2003:49)SwA²j±M­Ç½AxnAqÇ£­½Anj©«·T�B«A,SwAq�oªT«Bµ²p±eoM©µyµ°sQ­½A³ao£Aq�o«xnAq£©µpBMk�M³M1999¤BwpAj±]±«ºBµyµ°sQ»wnoM©�n³M³�SwA:»UB�ÀÇ�A³�«BÇ]nj¬B¼ÇMºjApC°Bµ³BÇwnºjApC> BÇ BÇMRB�±L�Ç«»¦¦Çª§A­¼ÇÇMBµ¬C­¼Tvh³�kwn»«¬B½BQ³MywoQk®abo�BM<KhT®«ºBµ²r°oQ°Bµyµ°sQnj»UAo¼¼�U³a?Sv¼a»T®wºBµ³BwnoM»UB�À�A·�«B]o¼YBU:SwAywoQ­½A°¬B£k®®¼M,¬B£k±®{,¬B£k®A±ioM»UAo¼YÑBU³a°SwA�±�°¤BenjºnB¢³«Bp°n

/(Ibid,55)?S{Am£kµA±iRB�À�A¬B£k®®��o~«pB�C,¬AnB¢³«Bp°n»¦¦ª§A­¼M¬±¼wAnk��¼�dU­½oU²pBUºBTAS�£k½BM��A°nj

/SwAyµ°sQ­½A

¬CS¼ªµA°ºo�J±anBan±Twj­¼¼�U¬BªT�£³�SwAºo�J±anBa­½A³M³]±Unjyµ°sQ­½AS¼ªµAone-way)RB�ÀÇ�A·½±w�½¬B½o]q¼°(agendasetting)ºpBw³Tv]oM°³v¦]c�wº±w³M(printedmedia)»QBa»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nnj(flowofinformation³±Ç£BÇM­½ÀÇCºnB¢³«BÇp°n°SwA¤B�TÇA¤BÇenjK�BhÇ«ºBµ²j±ÇUpA»�¼w°­Ç½Anj»�BLÇUnA­½±ÇºBµºr±§±®�UoM³¼�UBMoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n»®�½xpBTz¼Q

/k®�»«B�½Ay�¬BªT�£¤B�TA¬BªT�Ç£¤B�TÇA­½A,jo¼£»«Rn±�¬Ao½AnjnBM­¼TvhºAoM³�yµ°sQ­½AnjpA,RB¼ÇMjAn°oÇ«�½oÇ�pA:SwA²kÇ{RBLYA»ª¦�°�¼�jºA³±£³M�½o�nBapA,oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n·�o�nj»B]¬Ao�KeB�ºAoMywoQy{¤BwnA�½o�ºBµxoÇ¢y\®Çw�½oÇÇ�pAq¼ÇÇ°»¦¦ÇǪ§A­¼ÇÇMºBµ³M±~ÇÇ«»wnoÇÇM�½oÇÇ�pA

/¬AnB¢³«Bp°n·�oÇ�°j¬AnB¢³«BÇp°nºBµxoÇ¢y\®ÇwBM�LUo«[½BT B®UB]­½AnjB«A,»¦�Ayµ°sQnj²k{³T�o£nB�³MºBµx°n¬B¼«pA°j±{»«³ÄAnA»QBa°oL½BwÓB�oÇ�,¬AnB¢³«BÇp°npA²°o£°j­½AºBµxo¢y\®wyhM³M­TiAjoQ¥¼§j³M»QBÇa°oL½BÇw¬AnB¢³«BÇp°ny\®Çwxo¢BM�LUo«³�j±{»«²nB{A»{°n³M

/SwAyµ°sQ­½Ax°n¶nBMnj

tB®{³�«B]°¬Ak�½q¼��w±U³�(Qmethodology)±¼�x°npAyµ°sQ­½Anj/SwA²kÇ{²jB�TÇwA,k{³ÄAnA(WilliamStephenson)¬±v®�¼TwA B¼¦½°,»v¼¦¢A

Page 4: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

139.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.138

»¦«BÇ�¥¼¦dÇU�§BÇi(CharlesSpearman)­«o¼PÇwAq§nBÇanB¼TÇwj³Ç�¬±v®�¼TwA�¼®�U:nBT�n·�§B�« B³M³®¼«p­½Anj»�]o«oYA¶k®v½±,j±M(factoranalysis)

#TheStudyofBehavior:Q-techniqueandItsMethodology(1953)

/SwA#¬C»wB®{x°n°±¼�ºAoÇMj±]±ÇÇ«ºBÇǵx°n­½oUbo�ÇÇ«pA»ÇÇ�½³ÇÇ�±¼ÇÇ�x°nnj¬±v®�¼TÇÇwA:jpn°»Ç«k¼Ç�ÑBU(datamatrices)Bµ²jAj¥�Tv«u½oUB«°joM,SwA»\®wxo¢(subjectivemeasures/Q)»®µlRB«Ak�A°(objectivemeasures/R)»®¼�RB«Ak�A±¼Ç�x°nnj°A»¦Ç�A�kǵ/(Brown)kÇnAjnAoÇ�o¢½kÇ�½BM»¦«B�·�MAnnj³�jn±Ç«ºBµ²k½kÇQoT M�njºAoM»®¼��½Ao{nj(xo¢)»®µlºB��ºpBwo¼£nj

/(Brown,1996:561-567)SwA»wnoM·«B®§BÇwJBT�nj,»½BL�BL�³«À�²B¢zAj»ª¦�Süµ±��,»�½kM©¼�oT�j»wB®{x°n>¬A±®�BMj±i·§B�«nj,ºnBT�n°»�BªT]A ±¦�nj»MB¼{pnA°yµ°sQ»�o�Ç«BM³§B�«­½Anj°A/SwA²jAjc¼�±UAnx°n­½ABM�LUo«KA±]·ªµ<±¼�ºk®M³Twj,(unstrueturedQsort)nBTiBw»M±¼�ºk®M³Twj»®�½±¼�x°n�±³w¤B½n±TÇ�BÇ�Bǽ³½±Çw°jnBTiBÇwBÇM±¼Ç�ºk®M³TÇwj°,³½±Çw�½nBTiBÇwBÇÇM±¼ÇÇ�BǽBµ³½±ÇÇ£,x°n­ÇǽAnj:kv½±»ÇÇ«n±MqÇÇ«x°n¶nBÇÇMnj(two-wayfactorial)»B½±¢hwBQ�ª�BM(////,oLi,u��,³¦ª],RnBL�,¬±ª�«)»wnoMjn±«©¼µB�«»¦«BÇ�¥¼¦dÇU°RoÇ�¼§tB¼�Ç«pA²jB�TwABM,k®{BM�oTz«ºBµ»£s½°ºAnAj³�pARo�¼§tB¼�«ºBµRnB�º°nBµ³½±£­½A///ko¼£»«nAo�»MB¼{pnA°»wnoMjn±«°²jB�TÇwA¥MBÇ�BǽBµxoÇ¢y\®Çw|±~Çinj�§BhÇ«À«BÇ�BÇU�Ç�A±Ç«ÓÀ«BÇ�»Un±�³M,ko¼£»«nAo�ºk®M³LUn°»MB¼{pnAjn±«(nBLiAjn±«nj)²jB�TwA¥MB�o¼�

,»�½kÇM)<k{BM¤B«o³L{B½¤B«o,Ro�¼§tB¼�«º°noMBµ³½±£»A°Ao��½p±U³�/(155:1381

:k{³¼Uo½p¶p±e[®Qnj³½±£Szµ°jBTzµAkTMA:Bµ³½±£JBhTA°»T®ÇwºnB¢³«BÇÇp°n°¬B¼ÇÇMºjApCºBµR°B�ÇÇU³ÇÇM�±MoÇÇ«ºBµ³½±ÇÇ£/1

,oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n,»UB�À�A³�«B]°oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n³M�±Mo«ºBµ³½±£/2,»T®w°oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n¶k®½C³M�±Mo«ºBµ³½±£/3

°,Bµ ÀM°S¼µB«³M�±Mo«ºBµ³½±£/4/oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nBM»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nºBµR°B�U³M�±Mo«ºBµ³½±£/5gwBÇQnB¼TÇiAnj° BÇ�jAo¢½kÇ�½njBµ¬C¬B¼«pA³½±£S~{JBhTABMuPw

/kk{²jAjnAo�¬B£k®µjnj³Mo\UBMnB¢³«Bp°nSv¼M�w±Uyµ°sQºBµ³½±£»MB¼{pnA:Bµ³½±£»MB¼{pnAºnB¢³«BÇp°n¶p±Çenj³Mo\UBÇMnB¢³«BÇp°nSv¼ÇM°»T®ÇwºnB¢³«Bp°n·®¼«p

/SwA³T�o£Rn±�­½ÀC¬B¼MºjApCºBµR°B�U³M�±Mo«³�yµ°sQ­½A·½±£S~{:yµ°sQ­½AºBµ³½±£°oL½BÇwºnB¢³«BÇp°n³ÇM�±MoÇ«,oL½BÇwºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nnjBµ ÀM°³M�±Mo«°»T®w°oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n¶k®½C³M�±Mo«,»UB�À�A·�«B]

/kA²k{³ÄAnASw±¼Qnj,k®Tvµ[½BTZAohTwA

Sv¼M°oL½Bw·�o�nB¢³«Bp°nSv¼M)²k®µjgwBQ¥aºBµgwBQxpAjoQBM

Page 5: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

141.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.140

·�±ª\Ç«,¬BC³M²k{³ÄAnA³½±£S~{¶nBMnj(»QBaºBµ³Bwn±��nB¢³«Bp°n/kk{ºk®M³�L�³±£°jnj¬B£k®µjgwBQ

nB¢³«BÇp°n²jnBÇa)kkÇ{o�²k\µoL½Bw¬AnB¢³«Bp°n¤°A³±£:¤°A³±£;(»QBaºBµ³Bwn±��nB¢³«Bp°nnBa°oL½Bw·�o�

±��nB¢³«Bp°n²jqB{)kk{o�22»QBa¬AnB¢³«Bp°n °j·±£: °j³±£;(oL½Bw·�o�nB¢³«Bp°ny{°»QBaºBµ³Bwn

�±ª\Ç«)SwA618.0³±Ç£°j­Ç½AºBµgwBÇQ¬B¼«¬±wo¼Q»¢TvLªµK½o�/(jn±«42��A±Ujn±«ºBµ³½±£³®¼«p°jnj¬BªT�£¤B�TA

oL½Bw°»QBa¬AnB¢³«Bp°n��A±Ujn±«ºBµ³½±£·®¼«pnjÇ�§Aq¼Ç°ºpBw³TÇv]oÇM°³v¦]n±Twj­¼¼�U¬BªT�£³�SwA­½ApA»�BeBµ³T�B½pA»�¼Çw°c�Çwº±Çw³M»QBa»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nnjRB�À�A·½±w�½¬B½o]»®�ǽxpBTz¼Q·±£BM­½ÀCºnB¢³«Bp°n°SwA¤B�TA¤BenjK�Bh«ºBµ²j±Uy�¬BªT�£¤B�TA­½Anj»�BLUnA­½±ºBµºr±§±®�UoM³¼�UBMoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n

/k®�»«B�½A�Ç�A±ÇUjn±Ç«ºBµ³½±Ç£»§°qǷǽAnC»®�ǽ1¶nBªÇ{¤°k]�¼�±U³MAkTMAnjºBµ³½±£/©½pAjoQ»«yµ°sQjn±«·½±£S~{¶nBMnjoL½Bw°»QBa¬AnB¢³«Bp°n�Ç�A±ÇUjn±Ç«ºBµ³½±Ç£»§°qǷǽAnC¥Ç�/SwA³½±£42¬B£k®µjgwBQ��A±Ujn±«

/k¼®¼M»«1¶nBª{¤°k]njAnoL½Bw°»T®w¬AnB¢³«Bp°n

yµ°sQºBµ³½±£¶nBMnjoL½Bw°»T®w¬AnB¢³«Bp°n��A±Ujn±«ºBµ³½±£»§°q·½AnCÇ1¶nBª{¤°k]k�Bµ³½±£­¼¢B¼«

zRAoª22,k®®�B�½A»UB�À�A·�«B]njAnj±i»UB¼ey�Bµ³BwnSwAnAo�o£A1.04

­½Anj�Ao�A°SwAq¼a�½BµS§°jº±wpA­¼A±�°RAno�«jB\½A³MAn³ªµ�±�e³�o¢½jºq¼a,nApC°n±vBw·�n°³M¬k½q�§°nB�

/jpAkA»«²o�Bh«6nj°joµ»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n�ÀioM¬B�«°¬B«p�B«°j1.04

³M©µ°k¼§±U B¢®µnj©µBª{/kA²k{�meoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n»M°»B«p»MS¼��±«nj,oL½Bw¬B]njºoLi�MB®«BMtBªU�d«Ak�njBª{B½p°nB½SwAK{³�Sv¼©«/k½o¼£»«nAo�»B�«RB�À�A,SwA²nB� Ak�nj¬BUo�jn±«RB�À�A°k½nAjnAo�²nB�

/jo¼£»«nAo�¬BUnB¼TiAnj³�d§¬Bªµnjo�jn±«54¬B�«A­T«Ao�¶rA°/SwAoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nºB½Aq«pA­T«Ao�­T{Aj1.01

RnBL�³M/jpBw»«©µAo�An²rA°¬C³M�±Mo«K§B�« BªU³M»MB½SwjoM,oL½BwºBµ³Bwn¬B]nj¬±T«³�SwA­½A­T«Ao� ±�«,oTM�nj³M­½A°k®Tvµ¥~T«o¢½k�½³M,»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n�Ài

/k®�»«�ª�BµjAk½°npAoU³LB]³ªµ53jAkT«A¬A±®�³Mj±i·¼§°AnBT�npA»T®wºBµ³«Bp°nºBµS½BwJ°0.96

·½o½odU¥¼�zU¤BLj³M °S�o£k®µA±i³¦�B�,»QBa·hv�½p±U/k«Ck®µA±ioM»QBa·hvpA¥�Tv«°²s½°ºA±Td«k¼§±U°¥�Tv«

Page 6: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

143.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.142

17»TeºpBw»~h{¬B�«ApA²jB�TwABMk®A±U»«oL½BwºBµ³«Bp°n0.91·«Bp°n³Mk¼A±U»«Bª{³�»®�«­½A³M/k®MB½nBzTAo��½ºAoMkµjnAo�¬BUnB¼TiAnjAn»UB�À�A�±³a³�k¼µkMn±Twj»ToT®½A

/kµknAo�¬BUnB¼TiAnjAn»UB�À�A�±³a°33,k{BM³T{Aj»woTwj©µSoT®½A³M°³T{AjoU±¼P«B��½³�oµ0.88

³�SwB®�«­½A³M�B�UA­½A,k®�Swnj ÀM°�½j±iºAoMkA±U»«»T®woT¦¼��o�«pA°²k{oU�¼UAo�±«jRB�À�A·½±w�½¬B½o]

/SwA²k{oUn°j»T®wºoLiºBµ¬B«pBw45K�Bh«nB¼TiAnj³BwnBM­T�o£�BLUnA¬B«p,»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nnj0.80

SwAK�Bh«nB¼TiAnj­T�o£�BLUnA¬B«poL½BwºBµ³BwnnjB«A/Sv¼/jo¼£»«tBªUoL½Bw·BwnBMkµA±hM³�S�°oµK�Bh«��A°nj°

50,�oM³,jnAkj±]°�½p±Uo�pA»¦�z«_¼µoL½BwºBµ³BwnºAoM0.78©¼�®U¥�z«³°»½B½nj°»®¼«p·¼¦�¥½Bw°j±Lª�³,¬AnBM³/Sv¼bo�« Ak�_¼µ,»½A±µ�±�iBM³½oz¤BwnAS�Bw

49º°nAn²o¼�°³«Bp°n,¬±½q½±¦U¬±a»½Bµ³BwnºA±Td«ÓB�o�o£A0.78ºnB¢³«Bp°nKeB�¿Be©¼½±¢M©¼A±U»ª,©½n°B¼MJ°�¼d«|BiºBµ»£s½°BM³z¼ªµoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n³�Aoa©¼TvµoL½Bw

/j±{»«k¼§±U°xnAq£,³T{±j±i51oL½BwnB¢³«Bp°n­¼M³�SwA­½AoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nºB½Aq«pA»�½0.76

³¼L{ºj°keBU��A°nj°jnAkj±]°»«±w·�wA°°AK�Bh«°³M³�d§n±�³MSwo�uQ¬B�«A³�Aoa,SwA²oa³M²oa�BLUnA

/SwAj±]±«­¼�o�ºAoM³�d§

31kµB{²k®½CnjB«/SwAoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°npAºA²pBU�±»v½± ÀM°0.74kµj»«¬B�«AjAo�A³M³�j±M©¼µA±i»v½± ÀM°ºAoM»½BµnAq�A o/ko¼¢MnB�³M©µAnAk�°±Äk½°,�¼�Ao£³�¦M,o�°oLiB®U³

43,»Tv½n°oURB«Ak�Ao¼�)»��A°©½Ao]³BM³M��A±«pAºnB¼vMnjBµS§°j0.74S½Bªe©wA³M°(SoT®½Anj²o¼�°³BTwoQjAsRÀªe,»�Ao£±n±Q/k®®�»«oT¦¼�AnoL½BwºBµ³Bwn,�ÀiA��e©wA³M°³�«B]pA

24�ÀioMoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnj¬BL�Bh«BM³½±w°j�BLUnA­T{Aj0.68/SwAnB�A¥MB�o¼�Rn°o��½»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n

52nj°»B]ºB¼�Ao�]�½oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnjK�Bh«ºB¼�Ao�]0.68/SwA»¦d«ºB¼�Ao�]�½»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n

35ºjo�ÓÀ«B�·±£¬A±®�³M»v½± ÀM°R°B�U³]°­¼Tvh0.68u�_¼µ³�SwA­½Anj»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nBMoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°njn±«­½AoMB®M°k®¼M»ªnBzTApA¥L�Anu½± ÀM°�½·§B�«

/jo¼£»ªnAo�nBzTApAy¼Qn±vBw5,kT�¼M»¦«Ao�°ºnB\U nqMºBµS�o{Swj³MoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°no£A0.67

·½±w�½¬B½o]°S�o£kµA±ij±i³MºnB\U·L®]RB�À�Axjo£An©v¼§Bn°roL½BwºB��o£A°k{kµA±ioU©�dTv«RB�À�A

/k{kµA±iS½±�U¬B¼MºjApC,ko¼¢MSwjnj¥�Tv«¬AnB¢³«Bp°n32Bµ³Bwn°RB�±L�«ºjApC²s½°³M°¬B¼MºjApC­¼ª�U¬°kM¬A±U»ª0.62

k®A±TMk½BMoL½Bw¬AnB¢³«Bp°n/jo�o��»��A°»UB�À�A·�«B]�½³M/k®®�¤BLj³AjApCAnj±iºA³�oe�½B�°

Page 7: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

145.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.144

53jAkT«A¬A±®�³Mj±i³¼§°AnBT�npA»T®wºBµ³«Bp°nºBµS½BwJ°0.61³½o½odU¥¼�zU¤BLj³M °S�o£k®µA±i³¦�B�»QBa·hv�½p±U/k«Ck®µA±ioM»QBa³hvpA¥�Tv«°²s½°ºA±Td«k¼§±U°¥�Tv«

1S�ow,RB�À�A³M�½ow»woTwjS¼¦MB�»®�½oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n0.50KUAo«³¦v¦w¬Ak��°RB�À�A»��A�½p±U,RB�À�A»Bwnp°n³Mnj»�BLUnA­½±ºBµºn°D®�pA²jB�TwABMRB�À�Ak¼§±UnjRnk�

/¬B¼MºjApCS½±�U°n±vBw»®�³z½n°»¢½±w°jS]34j±iK§B�«­T{±ºAoMk{k®µA±inBaBºj°p³M»QBa¬AnB¢³«Bp°n0.49

/kn°C°noU±¼P«B��ª�³Mºo¢{nAq£»®�½oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nºBL�§A³M44oL½BwºBµ³Bwnnj³½±w°j°¥MB�T«y®�A°°y®�B½¥«B�U»£s½°0.47

k®½±£»«»¢½±w°j¬C³M³�²k{¥½kLU©�BeS«o�°K§B��½³M/SwA¬Ck�B�»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n°

12,S¼¦«°jAs³M³]±U¬°kM,jAo�A BªU³�SwA»½B]»UB�À�A·�«B]0.47¥«B{�e­½A³�,k®®�²jB�TwA²k¼��°¬B¼MºjApCjn±«njj±i�epA²jB�TwA°S�B½nj,±]°Sv],¬Ao¢½jS§Bij¬°kMk½B����eºjApCºpo«RAkeow³M³]±U¬°kMBµ³Bwn�½o�pABµ²k½A°RB�À�ApA

/SwA2KUAo«³¦v¦wk�B�RB�À�Ak¼§±Unj³�oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n�ÀioM0.44

³MSwARnk�KUAo«³¦v¦wºAnAj»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n,SwARnk�¬Ao¼Mj°o¼Mjow,ºo¼MjowºAn±{,³«Bp°n¤±Ãv«o½k«¬Cnj³�ºn±�knAjAnK§B�«(¬jo�NBa)¬jo�±U°Rnk�,³«Bp°nºBµu½°ow

/kµB�»«»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nnj¬B¼MºjApCpA²k½kQ­½A°

41»�¼w°yhM³�SwA»¦«B�UºnB¢³«Bp°n�½oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n0.43³�Sv¼�B�¥¼§j­¼ªµ°kpBw»«¬C¬BL�Bh«j±iAn¬CºAq]ApAkµA±io¼YÑBU»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°noM,oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n©¼½±¢M

/jo�kµA±iS½±�U©µAn¬B¼MºjApC°S{Am£23»§±QoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nºBµS½Bw³M»woTwj³�jnAjj±]°o�i­½A0.38

pAoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnjj±]±«»MÀ�AºBµºjApC[½nkU³M°j±{/k±{¥¼��U Bµ ÀM°³Lz�½,RB«ki¬jo�»§±QBMÓÀX«°j°oM­¼M»®�½Jo�ºnB¢³«Bp°n·¦eo«­¼«±w¬BªµoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nuQ/SwA³T�B½j±ª¤BT¼\½j¥�{nj¬±®�A³�SwAºnB\UºnB¢³«Bp°n

57³MÓB�o�¬BL�Bh«ºBµpB¼³M¬jAjgwBQ,oL½BwºBµ³Bwnnj0.37ºAoMBµS½Bw»v½±³«BoM,Sv¼»�T«oL½Bw¬AnB¢³«Bp°n

²k�oMAn»½Bµy�¬B¼«­½Anj©µ¬BL�Bh«³M�¼UB«±UA»½±¢hwBQ�½B�°�¼�¦UoL½BwºBµ³Bwn»¢½±w°jZ°A,­½Ao½B®M°jo¼£»«

/SwA�BLUnAk®½Co�nj­¼{B«°¬BvA10·ªµ³MAnyAj³�SwA­½A,o¼£Ao�°pBM ß»UB�À�A·�«B]jB\½A�kµ0.34

»¦�A¬AnB½Bµ³Bwn/kµjnAo��½Ao{j±LMS«kinj°kBwoM jo«/SwA»wBwAºo~®�©µRB�±L�«ºjApC°k®TvµnB�­½A

28·ªµ³�­½Ao¢«S{AjkµA±hj±]°»B]»UB�À�A·�«B]_¼µ0.32»�¼°oT�§AºBµ³«Bp°npA²jB�TwA°»woTwjS�o�,B]³ªµnj,jAo�A

/k®{BM³T{AjAnºoLio¼�°ºoLiºBµBªnBU°21ºBµ³Bwn,³ª¦�»T®w±�«³M¬A±U»ªo¢½jAnoL½BwºBµ³Bwn0.13

ºAoMAnºj°kd«ºBµB¼Q,j°kd«»�ª]Bµ¬Cnj³�SvAj»B¢ªµ/k®®�»«k¼§±UuB\T«¬BL�Bh«pA»µ±LA

Page 8: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

147.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.146

38­½A°SvAjºnB¢³«Bp°npAºA²pBU�±¬A±U»«AnBµ ÀM°pA»ioM0.12/k®Tvµ»½Bµ»£s½°­¼®ak�B�Bµ¬CpAºnB¼vM³�Sv¼§Benj

30²jn°Cj±]°³MAn�¼°oT�§A»B¢ªµ¶oTv£�½oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n0.08­½A/knAjAnj±iºBµ²B£k½jbo�¬B�«A¬Cnj³ªµÓBL½o�U³�SwA

/Sv¼»MB½Swj¥MB�»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nnj¬B¼MºjApC18ºoLiºBµ¬B½o]ºAoM»L¼�n,toTwj¥MB�°²jBwºr±§±®�UBMBµ ÀM°0.04

/k{BMjApCu½±oLi�½j±ikA±U»«ºk°o{oµ¬±®�A°kA²k{»T®w56ºBµ¤kÇ«pA/SwA³T{Aj³�o��½»T§BÇepBÇ�CpA»�ª]RBÇ�BLUnA0.01

»½Bµ¬B½o]³ªµ°³ªµ»½°jB]ºBµ³§±¦£·½o�BUn±½°°¬±B{»�BLUnAo£S�nBz«�½²ko¼£,oL½BwºBµ³Bwnnj³�¬C¤Be/kA²j±M³�o��½»®�½­½A°jnAjS�o{RB�À�A�½p±Unj²k®Two�¥X«³�SwA¤B��

/�¼UAo�±«j�BLUnA55,�½sUAoTwAº¿B��½³MBX«³MRB�À�A,±wZ±«³M ±w±«ºAnC�L�-0.04

kA±U»«oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nuQ/SwA¬nk«�«A±]·�od«n±U±«/k®�B�½ARB�À�A­½Axjo£°yioaºAoMAn­�°n©�e

60»½À�o~�·BTwCnj¬±®�A¬B],oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°np°oMBM-0.06²jo� À�ARB�±L�«»½B�½o«A±T¼TvA/SwA³T�o£nAo�ºnB¢³«Bp°n²B\®Q²k®½C·µjnj,Bµ³Bwn¶p±e¬B½Ao£²k®½CºAnCtBwAoM³�SwA/k{kµA±ik¼§±U­½ÀC¬BL�Bh«�w±UBµ³BwnºA±Td«k�nj

13³M»woTwj°KwB®«ºA±Td«,­½±ºBµºr±§±®�UoM»®TL«ºBµ³�L{-0.13·�w±U,BµjAk�TwA»½B�±�{³MkA±U»«»UB�À�A·�«B]njRB�À�Ak®½Co�¥¼vU°,o��ºBd«A,»£kpS¼�¼�ºB�UnA,»�BªT]A°ºjB~T�A

/k®��ª�»T�nBz«ºo¼£©¼ª~U

58kµA±i|B~TiAj±i³MAnºnB¢³«Bp°n¶k®½C,oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n-0.27/k®TvµyµB�³M°n¤Bw³M¤Bw,Jo�njBµ³«Bp°n¬B£k®A±i/jAj

 nqM­½ÀC¬±akk®vQ»ªo¢½jAnBµ³«Bp°nnj[½An�Lw,¬BA±]oL½BwºBµ³BwnºB½Aq«pAk®A±TºoLiºBµ¬B«pBwo£A°kA²k{

/k{k®µA±i°od« jo«ºBµx±£°Bµ©zapA²k®½Cnj,k®®�²jB�TwA19oM³\¼Tnj°ºoLiy{±QoMºjB½pRAo¼YÑBUk®A±U»«Bµ ÀM°-0.66

/knAm¢M¬BL�Bh«oM©�Be»T«±�e°»ªwnºBµSwB¼w42ºo¼¼�UoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnj Ak�_¼µ�½B�°S¼µB«³°�ÀiA³-1.63

»UB�¼¦LU°ºnB\UºBµjB¯oMAoMnjoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n°jo�k®µA±h��e©µAnj±i�¼UAo�±«j°jApCºB��°SiAjoQkµA±iS«°B�«³M

/jo�kµA±i26ºnB¢³«Bp°nnj¬B¼MºjApC³M�±Mo«·B®¼Mx±iºBµºo¢²k®½C-2.32

/SwA©µ±U»�±oL½Bw46³°SwA»UB�À�A·�«B]ºAq]ApA»�½���oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n-2.35

·�«B]BM»Ak®a¥MB�T«·�MAnoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n��A°nj/oUy¼M/jnAk»UB�À�A

3ºBµS½j°kd«o�pAoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n-2.88/knAko¢½k�½BM»U°B�U_¼µ¬B¼MºjApCBM�LUo«

jn±«42��A±Ujn±«ºBµ³½±£�±ª\«nB¢³«Bp°nSv¼M°oL½Bw·�o�nB¢³«Bp°nSv¼M)¬AnB¢³«Bp°n²°o£°joµnj)kA²jAj¬Bzj±ipAAn��A±U¬Aq¼«­½oUy¼Myµ°sQ­½A·½±£°jjn±«nj(»QBa

/(z=1.04jn±«°joµ

Page 9: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

149.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.148

n±vBwBMS½k�°¬B¼MºjApCBMS��A±«:SwA­½A1¶nBª{¤°k]nj(22k�BM)Bµ¬C��A±Ujn±«·½±£­¼§°A

jB\ǽA,k®®Ç�B�½A»UB�À�A·�«B]njAnj±i»UB¼ey�Bµ³BwnSwAnAo�o£A·�n°³M¬k½q�§°nB�­½Anj�Ao�A°SwAq¼a�½BµS§°jº±wpA­¼A±�°RAno�«

/(z=1.04)jpAkA»«²o�Bh«³MAn³ªµ�±�e³�o¢½jºq¼a,nApC°n±vBw°oL½BÇw·�oÇ�¬AnB¢³«BÇp°n²°o£°joµS¼wBve¬Aq¼«»M±i³M,��A±U­½AºA³Bwn¶p±epAo��o�¬B¼MºjApC¬k{k½kU°n±vBwo�i³MSLvAn»QBapAÓB®¼�n±Mq«·½±£³�SwAºn°o�B]­½Anj³T�­½A À�A/jnAm£»«y½Bª³M¬BC�¼°oTÇ�§AºBµ³BÇwny½BªÇµnj¥¦Ç«¬B«pBÇw¥Ç�o¼ÇMj¬B®Ç�»�±�oT�j¬B®hw�BLÇUnAS¼ªÇµAoMºnB�{C·BzSvA±U»«³�(Geneva,9-12December2003)°SwA²k{JBhTA,k{BM¬B¼MºjApC°»UB�À�A·�«B]·§±�«BMoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n¬B«pBw¥�o¼Mjo�¬±«Ao¼QR°B��¤Benjk®AkM³�¬C»M¬AnB¢³«Bp°n²°o£°joµ

/(¬BªT�£¤B�TAoMºkµB{)kA²jAjgwBQ³½±£­½A³M,k®Tvµ¥¦«¬B�«°¬B«ppAºjApCnjoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nRnk�

¬C°jpBw»Ç«nB�{CAnºo¢½j©«·T�q¼(6k�)��A±Ujn±«·½±£­¼«°jB«AS«kÇinj¬B�«°¬B«pºpBwn±�«·�o�njoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nRnk�xo½mQ

/SwA³±£°joµº±wpA»Bwn�À�AoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnj°joµ»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n�ÀioM¬B�«°¬B«p�B«°j¬B]njºoLi�MB®«BMtBªU�d«³M©µ°k¼§±U B¢®µnj©µBª{/kA²k{�mep°nB½SwAK{³�Sv¼©«/k½o¼£»«nAo�»B�«»M°»B«p»MS¼��±«nj,oL½BwRB�À�A,SwA²nB� Ak�nj¬BUo�jn±«RB�À�A°k½nAjnAo�²nB� Ak�njBª{B½

/(z=1.04)jo¼£»«nAo�¬BUnB¼TiAnj³�d§¬Bªµnjo�jn±«�½r±§±®�URnk�³�SwA­½A,SwA³T�¯³½±£­½AowoM��A±Unj³�ºo¢½jB¼QºBµj±LªÇ�pA»Ç�½pA�Ç�A°njJBhTA­½A/SwAnB�A¥MB�o¼�oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nBǵ¬C¬BL�Bh«ºAoMºAoM©µ°»QBa¬AnB¢³«Bp°nºAoM©µ³�kµj»«oLi»£nqM

/(¬BªT�£¤B�TAoMºo¢½jkµB{)SwAn°CS½j°kd«°Ap¥�z«j±Lª��½oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nnj¬B¼MºjApCyeB�R°B�U

jn±«ºBµ³½±£»§°q·½AnC»®�½1¶nBª{¤°k]­¼ªµºBTAºBµ³½AnC»wnoMB«A¬±BÇ�nj�Ç�A°nj³�Anºo¢½j©«nB¼vM·T�,oL½Bw°»QBa¬AnB¢³«Bp°n��A±U­½oiC³M²B¢BM,oT MRnBL�³M/kz�»«o½±~U³M²j±Myµ°qQ­½AK¼��U°³]±UnjAnj±ÇiS�§Bh«¬Aq¼«­½oUy¼M,³½±£°joµS�£¬A±U»«1¶nBª{¤°k]·½±£°»T®ÇwºnB¢³«Bp°nnj¬B¼MºjApCBM�LUo«ºBµS½j°kd«³�²nB¢A­½ABM¥MB�UnB¢³«Bp°n¥aoµ/kA³T{Am£y½Bª³MSwAo¢½k�½³¼L{oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnj¬B¼ÇMºjApCBÇM�LUoÇ«ºBµS½j°kdÇ«³Ç�³TÇÇ�­ÇǽABÇÇMAnBÇÇ�{C,S�¼�ÇÇenjnj°kÇA²k½pn°S�§Bh«,jnAko¢½k�½BM»U°B�U_¼µ»T®w°oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n²k{À�AS��A±«¬Aq¼«pAoUº±�KUAo«³M(z=-2.88)S�§Bh«pA¬Aq¼«­½A��A°:SwA­½A1¶nBª{¤°k]³½±£­½oiC¤Beoµnj/(z=1.04)SwA¤°A·½±£owoMºjApCBM�LUo«ºBµS½j°kd«o�pAoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n/(¬BªT�£¤B�TAoMºo¢½jkµB{)(z=-2.88)knAko¢½k�½BM»U°B�U_¼µ¬B¼M

Sv¼©µ±UoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnj¬B¼MºjApCAnoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnj¬B¼MºjApC³M�±Mo«ºBµºo¢²k®½C³�ºo¢½j³½±£

Page 10: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

151.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.150

²°oÇ£°joǵk½kÇ{jnSwjBÇM©ÇµpBÇMj±ÇM²kÇA±Çi©µ±ÇU»�±°³B®¼Mx±i/SwA²k{³]A±«»T®w°oL½Bw¬AnB¢³«Bp°n

©µ±ÇUoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnj¬B¼MºjApC³M�±Mo«·B®¼Mx±iºBµºo¢²k®½C/(z=-2.32)SwA

oL½Bw°»QBa¬AnB¢³«Bp°n�ÀTiAjn±«ºBµ³½±£ÇJ³�kµj»«¬Bz¬B½±£gwBQ�ÀTiAjn±«ºBµ³½±£¬A±®�SdU2¶nBª{¤°k]º°BeBµo��ÀTiA­½A°kA²j±Mo��ÀTiAnBaj�¼�dU·½±£²k\µowoMBµ¬C

/SwAWdMjn±«¬BªT�£¤B�TA·®¼«pnj»ª«nB¼vMRB�¬B½±£gwBQ�ÀTiAjn±«ºBµ³½±£Ç2¶nBª{¤°k]

k�Bµ³½±£·±£·±£�ÀTiA¤°A°j

4»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n¥�AkA±U»«oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n0.535-1.2401.775ºjApC³M°kµjo¼¼�USwARB�À�A·½±w�½¤BwnA³�AnoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n³�S�£¬A±U»«/k®��ª�¬B¼M»�±»®�½Jo�ºnB¢³«Bp°n·¦eo«­¼«°j¬Bªµ/SwA¤BT¼\½j¥�{njB«A»MÀ�AºnB¢³«Bp°n

9BµS«±�eBUj±{»«W�BMoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n-0.146-1.8291.683jApC»woTwj¬B�«Aj±i¬Ak°o{³Mk±{n±L\«

/k®µkMAnRB�À�A�A±A³M

20/k{BM�¦�«°B®XTwA¬°kMk½BMSoT®½Anj¬B¼MºjApC0.094-1.4981.591k½BM³�SwA»½B��kµ�½°­½jB¼®M¥�A�½­½A

/j±{xÀU¬CS]nj36³T{Aj»woTwjSoT®½A³M°³T{AjoU±¼P«B��½³�oµ0.861-0.5241.384

­½A,k®�Swnj ÀM°�½j±iºAoMkA±U»«,k{BMRB�À�A·½±w�½¬B½o]³�SwB®�«­½A³M�B�UA

ºBµ¬B«pBw»T®woT¦¼��o�«pA°²k{oU�¼UAo�±«j/SwA²k{oUn°j»T®wºoLi

14³�»�BLUnA­½±ºBµºBµnAqMApA»T®w¬AnB¢³«Bp°n0.253-1.5711.317,jo¼£»«nAo�²jB�TwAjn±«oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnj

Jm]BUj±{»«W�BM­¼ªµ°k®woU»«/k±zoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n

16njRB�À�AnBzTA°ºn°Cjo£ºBµ²±¼{njo¼¼�U0.431-0.8391.270³�SwAo¼¢ªza°�¼ª�¬B®aoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnj oL®U±£Swj³MNBa�AoTiABMAn¬C¬A±U»«B®U

/jo�³v½B�«©µjqBQ¬o�7pA»�kA�nj³�»Bv�³ªµ³MoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n0.635-0.5111.145

²oi¿BM°�BLUnAºnAo�oMºAoM»LwB®«¬A±U°oU±¼P«B�¬jo�³Mo\US�o�,knAj j±«³Mq\«oU±¼P«B��½­T{Aj�o�³�¬C¤Be,kµj»«AnºnB¢³«Bp°n³MjAo�A­Tw±¼Q³M,»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nºBµRnB«

/k®�»ª�ª�»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n¶p±e

Page 11: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

153.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.152

15»QBaºBµ³Bwn³�­½A,oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°np°oMBM0.072-1.0651.137¬BL�Bh«ºAoM}hz«�±�±«k®aBMk®A±TM©µpBMAoaSwA²k{­�ª«o¼�ÓBL½o�U,k®®�ºpBw³Tv]oMS½Bw¬B{j±i¬±®�A³�Bµ³Bwn�±­½A¬BL�Bh«³�

njAnj±iºBµ²B£k½j°BµoLi,knAj ÀM°B½/SiBwk®µA±ioU³Tv]oMoL½BwºB��

39¬ApnA°²jBwºBµºr±§±®�UBMoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n0.653-0.3971.050(³«Bp°nNBa­¼{B«Sª¼�BM³v½B�«nj)j±iSª¼�ºBµ¬B«pBw³Mo~d®«o¢½jºnB¢³«Bp°nBU²k{W�BMnB¢³«Bp°nk®A±TM³ªµ°k{BL»T®w»UB�±L�«uQ/k®µjoz,k®µA±i»«An³aoµ³AjApC°k®{BM/SwA³¼¦UCºnB¢³«Bp°n»�±,oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n�½,³¼¦UCºnB¢³«Bp°n³M�°o�«,©½k�¬An°jnj­¼{B«Sª¼�BM³v½B�«nj)¥¼v®TwA¬ApnA²B¢Twj

­T{±³AjApC°¬k{nB¢³«Bp°n¬B�«A(³«Bp°nNBa/jAj³ªµ³MAn

59¬Ao½AnjoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nxp±«CºAoMºq�o«o£A0.9672.006-1.039»B]R¿±dUpA»Ao½A¬AnB¢³«Bp°n,j±z¥¼�zU

/jBT�Ak®µA±iK��¬nk«ºnB¢³«Bp°n27BM³v½B�«njoL½BwºBµ³BwnºA±Td«³M jo«-1.611-0.561-1.049

/knAjºoU©�jBªT�A»T®wºBµ³BwnºA±Td«

40°»�¼°oT�§AºBµ³«Bp°n³�SwA­½A»«±ª�n°BM-1.603-0.508-1.094ºAoM¤oT®�¥MB�o¼�ºk½kUºoLiºBµBªnBU/Sv¼­¼®aB«A/k®TvµAo£nAkT�AºBµS«±�e

¤oT®�j±iRB¼e¤±�nj³�Ao£nAkT�AºBµS«±�e,kA³T{AjSwjnjAn¬±½q½±¦U°±½jAn,RB�±L�«An¬C¤oT®�°²jo�Ak¼Qq¼AnSoT®½ABM³¦MB�«ºBµ²An

/kA³T�o£Swj³M29·�«B]BMoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n¤B~UA·��­½oU»¦�A-2.143-0.919-1.224

»¢®µo�°ºjB~T�AºpBw»B]WdM¬Bªµ,»UB�À�A/SwAºnAj³½B«owo�jn±«

47©µSoT®½A³M°³T{AjoU±¼P«B��½³�oµ¬±a-1.593-0.219-1.320 ÀM°�½j±iºAoMkA±U»«,k{BM³T{Aj»woTwjnAj³{kiºnB¢³«Bp°nºBµjnAkBTwA,k®�Swnj³T�B½yµB�RB�À�ASd�°nBLiA³MjBªT�A,²k{

/SwA³T�o£Rk{»�±~i©½oe��°8»UB�À�A·�«B]njA±Td«¬B£k®®�k¼§±UjAk�Uy½Aq�A-1.994-0.640-1.354

B«A,SwA»TLX«¶k½kQoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n�½o�pA³�½B{ºBµS½Bw¬k«Cj±]°³MW�BM¤Be­¼�nj³M¬A±U»ª»T§Be­¼®anj­½AoMB®M°j±{»«©µpAjoQ/S�B½Swj©v¼§Bn°roL½BwoM»®TL«»wAo�±«j�½

48³M,²joTv£xp±«C³M»T®wºB®�«njºnB¢³«Bp°n-1.1420.279-1.421R°B��°S�jnjºk®ªA±U³M,RB�À�Aº±]°Sv]

Page 12: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

155.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.154

RÀ«ÑBU���Bµ ÀM°»§°/jnAjpB¼BµjAk½°n¤BL�nj»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nBMAnBµ¬Ck½BL°k®Tvµ»~h{

/S�o£²BLT{A11³«AjAj±ik{n³MoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n³�¤BªTeA­½A-1.1870.693-1.880

©µºnB¢³«Bp°n�A±Ao½BwB«A,SwA¥ªTd«,kµj/k®B«»«oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnB®�BµRk«BU

25pA³ao£A°kB«kµA±i»�BM»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n-1.4740.857-2.331ºA³TvµB«A,k{kµA±i³TwB�[½nkU³M¬C¬BL�Bh«k®µA±inAjB�°»QBaºBµ³Bwn³M³Th¼µo�¬BL�Bh«pA

/kB«oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n¬j±M»MÀ�AowoMo��ÀTiA

¥Ç�A­T�Bǽo¼¼�ÇU¬C»¦Ç�A¶nAqÇ£³Ç�SwAºA³½±Ç£oÇwoÇMo�Ç�ÀTiA�½�½o�­½ApA¬B¼MºjApCS½±�U°oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nSwj³M»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n

/(4k�)SwA·½±Çw�½¤BÇwnA³�An»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n¥�AkA±U»«oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n³Ç�S�Ç£¬A±U»Ç«uQ/k®Ç��ªÇ�¬B¼ÇMºjApC³ÇM°kÇǵjo¼¼�ÇÇUSwARB�ÀÇÇ�A»�±Ç»®�ǽ,SwAJoÇ�ºnB¢³«BÇp°n³¦ÇeoÇ«­¼«°j¬BªµoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n

/SwA¤BT¼\½j¥�{njB«A»MÀ�AºnB¢³«Bp°n¬B½±£gwBÇQ�ÀTiAjn±«ºBµ³½±£¤°k]nj³±£­½A³M�±Mo«[½BT³M»µB¢/(z=-1.240)k®Tvµ�§Bh«³½±£­½ABMRk{³M»T®w¬AnB¢³«Bp°nkµj»«¬Bz

�A±ÇA³ÇM¬Ak°oÇ{jApC»woTÇwjnjBµS«±Ç�ey�owoMo��ÀTiARB�À�A

:SwA²nAq£­½AowoM¬Ao½Anj»T®w°oL½Bw¬AnB¢³«Bp°nºk�M�ÀTiAj±i¬Ak°o{³Mk±{n±L\«BµS«±�eBUj±{»«W�BMoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n

/k®µkMAnRB�À�A�A±A³MjApC»woTwj¬B�«AW�BÇMoL½BÇwºnB¢³«BÇp°n³Ç�³TÇ�­½ABM°joµ»T®w°oL½Bw¬AnB¢³«Bp°n�A±ÇA³MjApC»woTwj¬B�«Aj±i¬Ak°o{³Mk±{n±L\«BµS«±�eBUj±{»«BµSv¼§BÇn°roL½BÇwS�§BhÇ«¬Aq¼«B«A,kA²jo�S�§Bh« À�A,k®µkMAnRB�À�A

/(¬BªT�£¤B�TAkµB{)SwAoU©�SoT®½Anj¬B¼MºjApC·®«AjowoMo��ÀTiA

:SwASoT®½Anj¬B¼MºjApC³M�±Mo«ºk�M�ÀTiAjn±«·½°n�½°­½jB¼®M¥�A�½­½A/k{BM�¦�«°B®XTwA¬°kMk½BMSoT®½Anj¬B¼MºjApC

/j±{xÀU¬CS]njk½BM³�SwA»½B��kµS½Bªe²nAq£­½ApAoL½Bw¬AnB¢³«Bp°n³�»§Benj³�SwA¬CpA»�BeBµ³T�B½

/(z=-1.498)kA²k½pn°S�§Bh«¬CBMÓB½±�»T®w¬AnB¢³«Bp°n,kA²jo�©v¼§Bn°roL½BwS¼µB«owoMo��ÀTiA

S¼µBÇ«jn±«nj»T®w°oL½Bw·�o�°joµnj»Ao½A¬AnB¢³«Bp°nRB�ÀTiA:SwA³]±U¥MB�q¼©v¼§Bn°roL½Bw

°(4kÇ�)¤BT¼\ǽj»MÀ�ÇAºnB¢³«BÇp°n»�±¬A±®�³MoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n/k®Tvµbo�«(39k�)³¼¦UCºnB¢³«Bp°n»�±¬A±®�³MoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n

Page 13: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

157.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.156

»MÀ�AºnB¢³«Bp°n»�±©v¼§Bn°roL½Bw³�²B£k½j­½ABMoL½Bw¬AnB¢³«Bp°n³M¬BC�½À�o�Bi³Mºj°keBUgwBQ­½A°k®Tvµ(z=/.535)��A±«SwA¤BT¼\½j¬CBÇMRkÇ{³ÇM»T®Çw¬AnB¢³«BÇp°nBÇ«A,kwn»Ç«o�³M»�¼L�©v¼§Bn°roL½Bw

/(z=-1.240)k®Tvµ�§Bh«»�±Ç©v¼§BÇn°roL½BÇw³Ç�²B£kÇǽj­ÇǽABÇÇM­¼® ªÇǵoL½BÇÇw¬AnB¢³«BÇÇp°n³Ç�SwA»§BÇenj­Ç½A °k®TÇvµ(z=0.653)�Ç�A±Ç«SwA³¼¦ÇUCºnB¢³«BÇÇp°n

/(z=-0.397)k®Tvµ�§Bh«¬CBM»T®w¬AnB¢³«Bp°nºk®M�ª]

°³v¦Ç]n±TÇwj­¼¼�ÇU¬BªT�Ç£³Ç�kµj»ÇÇ«¬BÇÇzyµ°sÇÇQ­ÇǽAºk®M�ªÇÇ]º±Çw³ÇM»QBÇa»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nnjRB�À�A·½±w�½·�B{A°ºpBw³Tv]oM­¼ªµ,¬BªT�£¤B�TA­½A¥«B�/SwA¤B�TA¤BenjK�Bh«ºBµ²j±UpA»�¼w°c�w³MAnºnB¢³«Bp°npAºA²pBU�±³�k®Tvµ»�BLUnA°»UB�À�A­½±ºBµºr±§±®�UpA�±Ç­Ç½A/kÇA²jn°Cj±Ç]°³ÇÇMoL½BÇÇwºnB¢³«BÇÇp°nBÇǽ©v¼§Bn°roL½BÇÇwBÇÇp°oÇMKLw³M³�SwA­½ÀCºnB¢³«Bp°nZ±«­¼«±wnj��A°njºnB¢³«Bp°n»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n·Tw±QpA�½r±§±®�UR¿±dU·«AjAnj�½r±§±®�U­½±RBB�«A¬BwB®{nB�pA(VinCrosbie)»LwAo�­½°²B£k½jpA/SwA³T{Am£j±]°³�o�³MBQBÇU1982ºBµ¤BÇw·¦�B�nj­½ÀCºnB¢³«Bp°n,¤°AZ±«­½±ºBµ³Bwnbo�«¤/ÔA/ºßAo¼�»£nqMºBµS�o{·L¦�³M­½ÀCozJnB\U¬C»�°³T�o£¥�{1992j°n°pA³TwBÇioÇM,k�ÇM³ÇM1993pA»®�ǽ °jZ±Ç«,²k¼«B\ÇÇA(AOL)¤±ÇÇÄCBÇǽy½Ak¼ÇQBÇM¬±®Ç�A©Çµ±ÇwZ±«°SwA­½ÀCnBLiA·�o�³MºoLiºBµ¬B«pBw#TheThirdWaveofOnlineJurnalism

http://www.ojr.org/ojr/future/1019174689.php

#/SwA²k{pB�C(wireless/broadband)"kBM­Q.©¼w»M"ºBµtBªU°©v¼§Bn°roL½Bwnj»�BLUnA­½±ºBµºr±§±®�Un±�ek«D¼Q,¬BªT�£¤B�TA­½A

/SwA¬B¼MºjApCS½±�UºA³�oe¶p±e°»{p±«C¶p±e:²B£k½jR°B�U

nBa³�j±M­½AjAjfnºk®M³±£­½Anj³�»�ª�U¥MB��B�UA©½±¢Mk½BMAkTMAnj¬AoǽApAZnBÇiRB�BLÇUnAºBµ²BÇ¢zAjnj³Ç�»ÇAoǽAn±v�°oQ°j)RB�BLUnAjBTwAu½nkÇU¬AoǽA¥ÇiAjºBµ²BÇ¢zAjnj³�RB�BLUnAºAoT�j°jq¼°k®®�»«u½nkUnj»UB�À�A·�«B]yhM¤±Ãv«q¼°JBT�²s½°S½Bw�½o¼Mjow²Aoªµ³M(k®®�»«BÇM,k®TÇ{AjnAoÇ�»ÇAo½AºBµSv¼§Bn°roL½Bw²°o£nj³ªµ³� nqMºnAq£oLi�½»QBa¬AnB¢³«Bp°nS½oX�ABM °j·±£nj,¥A±�·«BoM·¦¼w°³M,BµgwBQxpAjoQ

/k®T�o£nAo�BÇM³v½B�Ç«nj¬BÇCºBµgwBQ³�SwA�ª�U¥MB�o�­½ApA �B�UA­½A­«o�³Mx±Çi°ºo¢�¦�Ç«BÇM³�Ç»Ao½AºBµSv¼§Bn°roL½Bw²°o£ºBMBd«»MºBµgwBQBÇM °j·±£ºBµ²B£k½jBMÇSwA²Aoªµ©v¼§Bn°roL½BwpA³TwBioMR¿±dU³M»®¼M

/SwA¬A±hªµ»QBa¬AnB¢³«Bp°nS½oX�A¬B¼MºjApC:²B£k½jR°B�U

©�n³ÇM³Ç�SwA­Ç½A,SwAj±Çz«¬BªT�Ç£¤B�TÇA­Ç½A»ÇAo½A·�o�nj³a¬C¬AnB¢³«BÇp°n­¼ÇM»µB£kǽjR°B�ÇU�½,jk�T«ºBµ³½±£owoMj±z«ºBµ��A±U

Page 14: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

159.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.158

/SwAy¼ÇQnj»T®ÇwºnB¢³«BÇp°n·�oÇ�nj¬BÇC¬B½BTªµ°oL½Bw·�o�»Ao½A:SwAnAo�­½ApAyµ°sQ­½AºBµ³T�B½pAZAohTwABMo�­½A»ª¦�kµA±{/SwA²k¼z�o½±~U³MAn»ª«nB¼vM·T�yµ°sQ­½A1¶nBª{¤°k]

·�oÇ�»ÇAo½A¬AnB¢³«Bp°n³�kµj»«¬BzB«³M1¶nBª{¤°k]³½±£­½oiCAnj±iS�§Bh«¬Aq¼«­½oUy¼M,»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n·�o�nj¬BC¬B½BTªµ°oL½Bw°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nnj¬B¼MºjApCBM�LUo«ºBµS½j°kd«³�²nAq£­½ABM¥MB�UnjnB¢³«Bp°n¥aoµ/kA³T{Am£y½Bª³MSwAo¢½k�½³¼L{oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnj¬B¼ÇMºjApCBÇM�LUoÇ«ºBµS½j°kdÇ«³Ç�³TÇÇ�­ÇǽABÇÇMAnBÇÇ�{C,S�¼�ÇÇenjnj°kA²k½pn°S�§Bh«,knAko¢½k�½BM»U°B�U_¼µ»T®w°oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n²k{À�AS��A±«¬Aq¼«pAoUº±�KUAo«³M(z=-2.88)S�§Bh«pA¬Aq¼«­½A��A°­Ç½ABMoL½Bw³�o�»Ao½A¬AnB¢³«Bp°nS�§Bh«/(z=1.04)SwA¤°A·½±£owoMnB¼ÇvM,SwA¬BÇv�½»T®Çw¬AnB¢³«BÇp°nºBǵºjApCBMoL½BwºBµºjApC³�WdM³TÇ�­½AoM©µ»T®w¬AnB¢³«Bp°n³�Sv¼§Benj­½A°(z=-2.78)SwAk½k{BÇMtB¼Ç�¥MB�»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nnj¬B¼MºjApCS½j°kd«³�kj±M²k½pn°k¼�ÑBUpAoUy¼M»T®w¬AnB¢³«Bp°n³�kµj»«¬Bzo«A­½A°Sv¼oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n

/(z=-2.98)k®Tvµ³]A±«¬B¼MºjApCºBµS½j°kd«BMj±ioL½Bw¬B½BTªµBµo��ÀTiAºBµB¼Q

jn±Ç«ºBµ³½±Ç£¬A±®Ç�SdÇU³Ç�©Çµyµ°sQ­½A2¶nBª{¤°k],±wo¢½jpA°oL½BÇw·�oÇ�»ÇAoǽA¬AnB¢³«BÇp°n³�jAj¬Bz°k{³ÄAnA,¬B½±£gwBQ�ÀTiAo�Ç�ÀTÇiAnBÇaj³½±Ç£²k\µowoM»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n·�o�nj¬BC¬B½BTªµ

:SwA»ª«nB¼vMºBµB¼Qº°Bek®Tvµ

¥Ç�A­T�Bǽo¼¼�ÇU¬C»¦Ç�A¶nAqÇ£³Ç�j±ÇMºA³½±£owoMBµo��ÀTiApA»�½�½o�­½ApA¬B¼MºjApCS½±�U°oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nSwj³M»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n

/(4k�)SwA·½±Çw�½¤BÇwnA³�An»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n¥�AkA±U»«oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n³Ç�S�Ç£¬A±U»Ç«uQ/k®Ç��ªÇ�¬B¼ÇMºjApC³ÇÇM°kÇǵjo¼¼�ÇÇUSwARB�ÀÇÇ�A»�±Ç»®�ǽ,JoÇ�ºnB¢³«BÇp°n·¦ÇeoÇ«­¼ÇÇ«°j¬BªÇǵoL½BÇÇwºnB¢³«BÇÇp°n

/SwA¤BT¼\½j¥�{njB«A»MÀ�AºnB¢³«Bp°n¬B½±£gwBÇQ�ÀTiAjn±«ºBµ³½±£¤°k]nj³±£­½A³M�±Mo«[½BT³M»µB¢ºq½n³«BoMBMk½BM³�©¼Tvµ»µB£k½j�B�{�½nBaj²p±e­½Anj³�kµj»«¬Bz³M»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n¥�A³�o�­½ABMRk{³M»T®w¬AnB¢³«Bp°n/©¼®�oQAn¬CkµA±iS½±�Unm¢µn­½ApA¬B¼MºjApC°jo�kµA±io¼¼�UoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nSwj

/(z=-1.240)k®Tvµ�§Bh«k{:k½±£»«³�k½jºA³½±£BM�LUo«ºBµgwBQnj¬A±U»«Ano¢½j»µB£k½j�B�{�½°­½jB¼®M¥�A�½­½A/k{BM�¦�«°B®XTwA¬°kMk½BMSoT®½Anj¬B¼MºjApC

/j±{xÀU¬CS]njk½BM³�SwA»½B��kµ²nAq£­½ApAoL½Bw¬AnB¢³«Bp°n³�SwA¬CpA»�Be³½±£­½A³M�±Mo«ºBµ³T�B½kÇA²kǽpn°S�§BhÇ«¬CBÇMÓB½±Ç�»T®Çw¬AnB¢³«BÇp°n°(z=0.094)²joÇ�S½Bªeo�dzÇM³�SwA­½A,SwA�ª�U¥MB�³®¼«p­½Anj¬±®�A³�ºA³T�/(z=-1.498)nBÇaj,oL½BÇwºB�Ç�njºjApC ±�Ç«³MSLv»Ao½AoL½Bw¬AnB¢³«Bp°nkwn»«

/k®Tvµ»½Ao£�¦�«³Ç�SwA­Ç½A,©®Ç�²nBÇ{A¬C³Mk½BMyµ°sQºk®M�ª]nj³�ºo¢½j©«·T�k®TÇvµ»Ç½Ao£�¦�Ç«nBaj©v¼§Bn°roL½BwS¼µB«jn±«nj©µ»T®w¬AnB¢³«Bp°n

Page 15: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

161.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.160

»MÀ�AºnB¢³«Bp°n»�±oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nBµ¬Cnj³�»�½o�U°joµBMBµ¬CS�§Bh«²k{�½o�U(39k�)(Ao£oX�U)³¼¦UCºnB¢³«Bp°n»�±°(4k�)¤BT¼\½joÇMq�oªTÇ«RB¼ÇMjA°³BwB®{nBÇ�ºAnCpA»�¼Çw°©\ÇeK¼UoU­½A³M°kA²k½pn°

/kA³T�o£²k½jBAnoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°npA³TwBioMºBµºjApC³Ç�²B£kǽj­Ç½ABÇMoL½Bw¬AnB¢³«Bp°n,yµ°sQ­½AºBµ³T�B½tBwAoM,��A°nj°(z=0.535)�Ç�A±Ç«SwA¤BT¼\ǽj»MÀ�AºnB¢³«Bp°n»�±©v¼§Bn°roL½Bw¬AnB¢³«BÇp°n/(z=-1.240)k®TÇvµ�§BhÇ«¬CBÇMRkÇ{³M»T®w¬AnB¢³«Bp°n��A±«SwA³¼¦UCºnB¢³«Bp°n»�±©v¼§Bn°roL½Bw³�²B£k½j­½ABM­¼® ªµoL½BwkA²k½pn°�§Bh«¬CBM»T®w¬AnB¢³«Bp°n³�Sv¼§Benj­½A°k®Tvµ(z=0.653)

/(z=-0.397)Bµ³T�B½tBwAoMjB®z¼Q

°oL½Bw¬AnB¢³«Bp°n­¼M ³�»µB£k½j�B�{­½A¬jo�oQºAoMkwn»«o�³MBÇMS½kÇ�³Ç�¬BÇC­¼ÇM·½±£­½oU��A±Ujn±«oM¬A±U»«,jnAjj±]°¬Ao½Anj»T®w

/jo�³¼�USwAn±vBwn±vBwBMS½k�

nB¢³«Bp°nSv¼M°oL½Bw³�o�nB¢³«Bp°nSv¼M)¬AnB¢³«Bp°n²°o£°joµ¤°k]»®�½1¶nBª{¤°k]nj22k�BM³�³½±£­½Ajn±«nj(»QBaºBµ³Bwn±��¬BÇzj±ÇipAAn�Ç�A±ÇU¬Aq¼Ç«­½oUy¼ÇM,k{³ÄnA��A±Ujn±«ºBµ³½±£»§°q·½AnC

/(z=1.04)kA²jAjnj»T®Çw°oL½BÇw¬AnB¢³«BÇp°n¬B¼«njj±]±«»µB£k½j�B�{¬jo�oQºAoM

/jo�³¼�Uyµ°sQ­¼ªµºBµ³T�B½pAo¢½j»�½oM¬A±U»«¬Ao½A¬Ao½Anj©v¼§Bn°roL½Bwxp±«CºAoMq�o«�½¬jo�o½AjRn°o�

oL½BÇw¬AnB¢³«BÇp°nAnyµ°sÇQ­Ç½A¤°A·±Ç£K§BÇ�S�BÇM³�©®�»«ºn°CjB½nBÇa°oL½BÇw·�oÇ�nB¢³«BÇp°n²jnBÇaoM¥ªTz«o�²k\µ)kjAj»«¥¼�zUºBµxoÇ¢¶k®BMBUpBÇMkÇA±U»Ç«¬BÇCºBµJBhTÇA­Ç½AoMB®ÇM°(»QBÇanB¢³«Bp°n

/k{BMoL½Bw³�o�»Ao½A¬AnB¢³«Bp°n»ToT®½AºBµS½BwºAnAj¬BC»«BªU³�­½ABM,¤°A·±£»®�½²°o£­½A¤°AJBhTAºAoM³�j±MºA³½±£,kA³T{Ajq¼AnoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nºAoM³¼§°AºBµRnB«°²j±M¬AoǽAnjoL½BÇwºnB¢³«BÇp°nxp±Ç«C³ÇM¬B£k®µjgwBQS¼wBve¬Aq¼«y\®w

/j±M²k{»eAo�,j±Çz¥¼Ç�zU¬AoǽAnjoL½BÇÇwºnB¢³«BÇÇp°nxp±ÇÇ«CºAoÇÇMºq�oÇÇ«oÇÇ£AjBTÇ�Ak®ÇµA±ÇiK�Ç�¬nkÇ«ºnB¢³«BÇp°n»B]R¿±dUpA»Ao½A¬AnB¢³«Bp°n

/(z=0.97)oL½BÇwJBTÇ{³Ç�SwA³T�­½AºB½±£»Ao½AºBµSv¼§Bn°roL½Bw¤°AJBhTA³ÇMBÇUj±{»Ç«W�BÇM°k®�»Ç«¬Ao¢©µAnBµ¬C»Te³�SwAºke³M©v¼§Bn°r²B¢Rn°o��½¬A±®�³M¬Ao½AnjoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nxp±«CºAoMºq�o«¥¼�zU

/k®®�nB¢³«BÇp°n²jqBÇ{pAK�oÇ«o�Ç22¥«BÇ{³Ç�©Çµ °j·±£¤°AJBhTAB«A¬Cnj�Ç�A°nj°k{»ÇÇ«oL½BÇÇw·�oÇÇ�nB¢³«BÇÇp°ny{°»QBÇÇaºBµ³BÇÇwnj±ÇMoUy¼ÇMnB¼ÇvMk¼Ç�ÑBÇUBÇMBÇ«A�±�·½±£­¼ªµ,k®T{Aj³L¦�»QBa¬AnB¢³«Bp°n¬B½BTªÇµpAoUy¼ÇM¬Ao½A»T®w¬AnB¢³«Bp°n³�Aoa,SwA»�¼L�­½A°(z=2.01)

Page 16: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

163.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.162

/knAjpB¼³�o�­½Anjxp±«C³Mj±ioL½Bw:�MB®«

±¦Ç�nj»MB¼Ç{pnA°yµ°sQ·«B®§Bw,<Q±½»�»wB®{x°n>/©¼�,»�½kMDzB¢zAj:¬AoU/S{ow¬Bªen­¼veoT�jy{±�³M,¤°Ak¦]/ºnBT�n°»�BªT]A

/1381,»½BL�BL�³«À�-Boafo,Kwame.StatusofResearchontheInformationSociety.Paris:

UNESCO,2003-Brown, StevenR.TheHistoryandPrinciplesofQMethodologyin

PsychologyandtheSocialSciences.Ohio:DepartmentofPoliticalScienceKentStateUniversity.http://facstaff.uww.edu/cottlec/QArchive/Bps.htm-Brown, StevenR. "QMethodologyandQualitativeResearch",Kent

StateUniversity,QualitativeHealthResearch.6(4),November1996.www.rz.unibw-muenchen.de/~p41bsmk/qmethod/srbqhc.htm

:Sw±¼Q³ÇM�½oÇw»woTÇwjS¼¦MBÇ�»®�ǽoL½BÇwºnB¢³«BÇp°nBǽ©v¼§Bn°roL½BÇw/1³¦v¦Çw¬Ak�Ç�°RB�ÀÇ�A»��A�½p±U,RB�À�A»Bwnp°n³MS�ow,RB�À�ASÇ]nj»�BLÇUnA­½±ÇºBµºn°D®�pA²jB�TwABMRB�À�Ak¼§±UnjRnk�KUAo«

/¬B¼MºjApCS½±�U°n±vBw»®�³z½n°»¢½±w°jRnkÇ�KUAo«³¦v¦Çwk�BÇ�,RB�ÀÇ�Ak¼§±ÇUnj³Ç�©v¼§Bn°roL½Bw�ÀioM/2o½k«¬Cnj³�ºn±�³MSwARnk�KUAo«³¦v¦wºAnAj»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n,SwARnkÇ�,³«BÇp°nºBµu½°ow¬Ao¼Mj°o¼Mjow,ºo¼MjowºAn±{,³«Bp°n¤±Ãv«ºnB¢³«Bp°nnj¬B¼MºjApCpA²k½kQ­½A°knAjAnK§B�«(¬jo�NBa)¬jo�±U°

/kµB�»«»T®wBÇM�LUoÇ«ºBµS½j°kdÇ«o�pAoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n/3

/knAko¢½k�½BM»U°B�U_¼µ¬B¼MºjApC·½±w�½¤BwnA³�An»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n¥�AkA±U»«oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n/4³Ç�S�Ç£¬A±U»Ç«uQ/k®Ç��ªÇ�¬B¼ÇMºjApC³ÇM°kÇǵjo¼¼�ÇÇUSwARB�ÀÇÇ�A»�±Ç»®�ǽ,SwAJoÇ�ºnB¢³«BÇp°n³¦ÇeoÇ«­¼«°j¬BªµoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n

/SwA¤BT¼\½j¥�{njB«A»MÀ�AºnB¢³«Bp°n nqMºBµS�o{Swj³M©v¼§Bn°roL½Bw¬BªµB½oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°no£A/5¬B½o]°S�o£kµA±ij±i³MºnB\U·L®]RB�À�Axjo£,kT�¼M»¦«Ao�°ºnB\UAnoL½BÇwºnB¢³«BÇp°nºB�Ç�oÇ£A°kÇ{kǵA±ioU©�dTv«RB�À�A·½±w�½

/k{kµA±iS½±�U¬B¼MºjApC,ko¼¢MSwjnj¥�Tv«¬AnB¢³«Bp°nºnB¢³«BÇp°nnj°joµ»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n�ÀioM¬B�«°¬B«p�B«°j/6ºoLÇi�MB®Ç«BMtBªU�d«³M©µ°k¼§±U B¢®µnj©µBª{/kA²k{�meoL½Bw

Page 17: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

165.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.164

K{³Ç�Sv¼Ç ©Ç«/k½o¼£»«nAo�»B�«»M°»B«p»MS¼��±«nj,oL½Bw¬B]nj,SwA²nB� Ak�nj¬BUo�jn±«RB�À�A°k½nAjnAo�²nB� Ak�njBª{B½p°nB½SwA

/jo¼£»«nAo�¬BUnB¼TiAnj³�d§¬Bªµnjo�jn±«RB�À�AºAoÇM»LwB®Ç«¬A±U°oU±¼P«B�pA»�kA�nj³�»Bv�³MoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n/7·Mo\ÇUS�oÇ�,kÇnAj j±Ç«³ÇMq\Ç«oU±¼P«BÇ��½²oi¿BÇÇM°�BLÇÇUnAºnAo�oÇÇM³M»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nºBµRnB«­T{Aj�o�³�¬C¤Be,kµj»«AnºnB¢³«Bp°n

/k®�»ª�ª�»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n¶p±e³MjAo�A­Tw±¼QºnB¢³«Bp°n�½o�pA)»UB�À�A³�«B]njA±Td«¬B£k®®�k¼§±UjAk�Uy½Aq�A/8pAjoQ³�½B{ºBµS½Bw¬k«Cj±]°³MW�BM¤Be­¼�njB«A,SwA»TLX«²k½kQ(oL½BwoÇM»®TLÇ«»ÇwAo�±Ç«j�½³ÇM¬A±U»ªÇ»T§BÇe­¼®Çanj­Ç½AoMB®ÇÇM°j±{»ÇÇ«©Çǵ

/S�B½Swj©v¼§Bn°roL½Bw¬Ak°oÇ{³ÇMk±{n±L\«BµS«±�eBUj±{»«W�BMoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n/9

/k®µkMAnRB�À�A�A±A³MjApC»woTwj¬B�«Aj±ijo«³ªµ³MAnyAj³�SwA­½A,o¼£Ao�°pBM»UB�À�A³�«B]jB\½A�kµ/10°k®TÇvµnBÇ�­Ç½A»¦Ç�A¬AnBǽBµ³BÇwn/kµjnAo��½Ao{j±LMS«kinj°kBwoM

/SwA»wBwAºo~®�©µRB�±L�«ºjApCB«A,SwA¥ªTd«,kµj³«AjAj±ik{n³MoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n³�¤BªTeA­½A/11/k®B«»«»�BMoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnB®�BµRk«BU©µºnB¢³«Bp°n�A±Ao½Bw

�epA,S¼¦«°jAs³M³]±U¬°kM,jAo�A BªU³�SwA»½B]»UB�À�A³�«B]/12��ÇeºjApC¥«B{�e­½A³�,k®®�²jB�TwA²k¼��ºjApC°¬B¼MºjApCjn±«njj±i�½o�pABµ²k½A°RB�À�ApA²jB�TwA°S�B½nj,±\Tv],¬Ao¢½jS§Bij¬°kMk½B��

/k{BM»«ºpo«RAkeow³M³]±U¬°kMBµ³Bwn

³ÇM»woTÇwj°KwB®Ç«ºA±TdÇ«,­½±ÇºBµºr±§±®�UoÇM»®TLÇ«ºBµ³�L{/13°ºjB~TÇ�A³�w±ÇU,BǵjAk�TwA»½B�±�{³MkA±U»«»UB�À�A³�«B]njRB�À�A»T�nBz«ºo¼£©¼ª~Uk®½Co�¥¼vU³M°,o��ºBd«A,»£kpS¼�¼�ºB�UnA,»�BªT]A

/k®��ª�oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnj³�»�BLUnA­½±ºBµºBµnAqMApA»T®w¬AnB¢³«Bp°n/14ºnB¢³«Bp°nJm]BUj±{»«W�BM­¼ªµ°k®woU»«,jo¼£»«nAo�²jB�TwAjn±«

/k±zoL½Bwk®aBM���k®A±TM©µpBM»QBaºBµ³Bwn³�®½A,oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°np°oMBM/15SwA²k{­�ª«o¼�BL½o�U,k®®�ºpBw³Tv]oMj±i¬BL�Bh«ºAoM}hz«�±�±«°BµoLi,knAj ÀM°B½°S½Bw¬B{j±i¬±®�A³�Bµ³Bwn�±­½A¬BL�Bh«³�Aoa

/SiBwk®µA±ioU³Tv]oMoL½BwºB��njAn¬B{j±iºBµB£k½j¬B®aoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnjRB�À�AnBzTA°ºn°Cjo£ºBµ²±¼{njo¼¼�U/16¬oÇ�nj oL®U±Ç£SwkMNBa�AoTiABMAoC¬A±U»«B®U³�SwAo¼¢ªza°�¼ª�

/jo�³v½B�«©µjqBQ�½ºAoM»TeºpBw»~h{¬B�«ApA²jB�TwABMk®A±U»«oL½BwºBµ³«Bp°n/17³a³�k¼µkMn±Twj»ToT®½A³«Bp°n³Mk¼A±U»«Bª{³�»®�«­½A³M/k®MB½nBzTAo�/kµknAo�¬BUnB¼TiAnjAn»UB�À�A�±³a°kµjnAo�¬BUnB¼TiAnjAn»UB�À�A�±ºoLÇiºB B½oÇ]ºAoÇM»L¼�n,toTwj¥MB�°²jBwºr±§±®�UBMBµ ÀM°/18

/k{BMjApCu½±oLi�½j±ikA±U»«ºk°o{oµ¬±®�A°kA²k{»T®wºBµSwB¼woM³\¼Tnj°ºoLiy{±QoMºjB½pRAo¼YBUk®A±U»«Bµ ÀM°/19

/knAm¢M¬BL�Bh«oM©�Be»T«±�e°»ªwn°­½jB¼®M¥�A�½­½A/k{BM�¦�«°B®XTwA¬°kMk½BMSoT®½Anj¬B¼MºjApC/20

Page 18: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

167.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.166

/j±{xÀU¬CS]njk½BM³�SwA»½B��kµ�½»B¢ªµºBµ³Bwn,³ª¦�»T®w±�«³M¬A±U»ªo¢½jAnoL½BwºBµ³Bwn/21¬BL�BhÇ«pA»µ±LÇAºAoÇMAnºj°kdÇ«ºB«B¼ÇQ,j°kdÇ«»�ª]B Anj³�SvAj

/k®®�»«k¼§±UuB\T«jB\½A/k®®�B�½A»UB�À�A³�«B]njAnj±i»UB¼ey�Bµ³BwnSwAnAo�o£A/22³�n°³M¬k½q�§°nB�­½Anj�Ao�A°SwAq¼a�½BT§°jº±wpA­¼A±�°RAno�«

/jpAkA»«²o�Bh«³MAn³ªµß±�e³�o¢½jºq¼a,nApC°n±vBw°j±{»§±QoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nºBT½Bw³M»woTwj³�jnAjj±]°o�i­½A/23»§±QBMÀX«°j°oM­¼MpAoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnjj±]±«»MÀ�AºBµºjApC[½nkU³M­¼«±w¬BªµoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nuQ/k±{¥¼��UBµ ÀM°³Lz�½,RB«ki¬jo�¥Ç�{nj¬±®Ç�A³Ç�SwAºnB\ÇUºnB¢³«BÇp°n»®�½Jo�ºnB¢³«Bp°n³¦eo«

/SwA³T�B½j±ª¤BT¼\½j�ÀÇioÇMoL½BÇwºnB¢³«BÇp°nnj¬BL�BhÇ«BÇM³½±Çw°j�BLÇÇUnA­TÇÇ{Aj/24

/SwAnB�A¥MB�o¼�Rn°o��½»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n³TwB�[½nkU³M¬C¬BL�Bh«pA³ao£A°kB«kµA±i»�BM»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n/25/kB«k®µA±inAjB�°»QBaºBµ³Bwn³M³Th¼µo�¬BL�Bh«pAºA³TvµB«A,k{kµA±ioL½BÇwºnB¢³«BÇp°nnj¬B¼ÇMºjApC³ÇM�±Mo«³B®¼Mx±iºBµºo¢²k®½C/26

SwA©µ±U»�±»T®ÇwºBµ³BÇwnºA±TdÇ«BÇM³v½B�Ç«njoL½BwºBµ³BwnºA±Td«³M jo«/27

/knAjºoU©�jBªT�A,jAoÇ�A³ªÇµ³Ç�­Ç½Ao¢«S{AjkµA±hj±]°»B]»UB�À�A³�«B]_¼µ/28°ºoLiºBµBªnBU°»°oT�§AºBµ³«Bp°npA²jB�TwA°»woTwjS�o�,B]³ªµnj

/k®{BM³T{AjAnºoLio¼�WdM¬Bªµ,»UB�À�A³�«B]BMoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n¤B~UA³��­½oU»¦�A/29

/SwAºnAj³½B«owo�jn±«»¢®µo�°ºjB~T�AºpBw»B],SwA²jn°Aj±]°³MAn�¼°oT�§A»B¢ªµ²oTv£�½oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n/30nj¬B¼ÇMºjApC­Ç½A/kÇnAjAnj±ÇiºBµB£kǽjboÇ�¬BÇ�«A¬Cnj³ªÇµBL½o�ÇU³Ç�

/Sv¼»MB¼Twj¥MB�»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nokµB{²k®½CnjB«,SwAoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°npAºA²pBU�±»v½± ÀM°/31,o�°oLiB®U³kµj»«¬B�«AjAo�A³M³�j±M©¼µA±i»v½± ÀM°ºAoM»½BµnAq�A

/ko¼¢MnB�³M©µAnAk�°±½k½°,�¼�Ao£³�¦M�½³MBµ³Bwn°RB�±L�«ºjApC²s½°³M°¬B¼MºjApC­¼ª�U¬°kM¬A±U»ª/32ºA³�oÇe�½B�°k®A±TMk½BMoL½Bw¬AnB¢³«Bp°n/jo�o��»��A°»UB�À�A³�«B]

/k®®�¤BLj³AjApCAnj±i³Ç�SwAºA³�«BÇ],nAk«³�w±U°,¤±ª{³ªµ,n±d«jo«»UB�À�A³�«B]/33AoC,k®{BM³T{Aj»woTwj¬C³M,k®®��¦iAnyAj°RB�À�Ak®A±TM¬B¢ªµ¬Cnj³½BÇQoÇMk±Ç{njBÇ�¬B«jo«°RB�BªT]A,jAo�ABU,knAm¢M�AoT{A³M°ko¼£nB�Mnj,ozMß±�e»B]³¼B¼MS{AkwBQ°¥«B� AoTeA°kdT«¥¦«n±z®«¤±�A°�AkµAAnj±ÇiºBµjAk�TwA¥«B�n±�³M,y½±i»£kpS¼�¼�j±L M°nAk½BQ³�w±U¾B�UnA

/kpBw��d«³ÇMj±ÇiK§B�«­T{±ºAoMk{k®µA±inBaBºj°qM»QBa¬AnB¢³«Bp°n/34

/kn°C°noU±¼P«B��ª�³Mºo¢{nAq£»®�½oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nºBL�§AºnB¢³«Bp°nºjo�À«B�³±£¬A±®�³M»v½± ÀM°R°B�U³]°­¼Tvh/35pA¥L�Anu½± ÀM°�½³§B�«u�¼µ³�SwA­½Anj»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nBMoL½Bw

Page 19: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

169.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.168

/jo¼£»ªnAo�nBzTApAy¼Qn±vBwjn±«­½AoMB®M°k®¼M»ªnBzTAºAoMkA±U»«,k{BM³T{Aj»woTwj©µSoT®½A³M°³T{AjoU±¼P«B��½³�oµ/36RB�ÀÇ�A³½±w�½¬B½o]³�SwB®�«­½A³MßB�UA­½A,k®�Swnj ÀM°�½j±i/SwA²k{oUn°j»T®wºoLiºB B«pBw»T®woT¦¼��o�«pA°²k{oU�¼UAo�«j,±Ç½jAnk®BÇ«¬±Ç£B±Ç£³BÇwn­½k®ÇapAÀÇi»�¼�¦ÇUoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n/37k½BÇM¬C¬AnB�nkÇASwjuQ/SwA»½B½kÇ«»T§±Ç«ºBǵnAqMA°³«Bp°n°¬±½q½±¦U

/k®®�²Aoªµ»®�yAjBMAnºnB¢³«Bp°nºBµ}~hU­Ç½A°SvAjºnB¢³«BÇp°npAºA²pBÇU�±Ç¬A±U»Ç«AnBǵ ÀM°pA»ioM/38

/k®Tvµ»½Bµ»£s½°­¼®ak�B�B ApAºnB¼vM³�Sv¼§BenjBM³v½B�«nj)j±iSª¼�¬ApnA°²jBwºBµºr±§±®�UBMoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n/39ºB B«pBw³Mo~d®«o¢½jºnB¢³«Bp°nBU²k{W�BM(³«Bp°nNBa­¼{B«Sª¼�Ank®µA±i»«³aoµ³AjApA°k®{BMnB¢³«Bp°nk®A±TM³ªµ°k{BL»T®w»UB�±L�«¬An°jnj/SwA³¼¦ÇUCºnB¢³«BÇp°n�±Ç ,oL½BÇwºnB¢³«BÇÇp°nuQk®ÇǵjoÇÇzSª¼�BM³v½B�«nj)¥¼v®TwA¬ApnA²B¢Twj�½³¼¦UCºnB¢³«Bp°n³M�°o�«»ª½k�

/jAj³ªµ³MAn­T{±³AjApC°¬k{nB¢³«Bp°n¬B�«A(³«Bp°nNBa­¼{B«ºk½kUºoLiºBµBªnBU°»�¼°oT�§AºBµ³«Bp°n³�SwA­½A»«±ª�n°BM/40ºBµS«±Ç�e/Sv¼Ç­¼®ÇaBÇ«A/k®TvµAo£nAkT�AºBµS«±�eºAoM¤oT®�¥MB�o¼�SwjnjAn¬±½q½±¦ÇU°±Ç½jAn,RB�±L�Ç«¤oT®Ç�j±ÇiRB¼Çe¤±Ç�nj³�Ao£nAkT�A/kA³T�o£Swj³MAoC¤oT®�°²jo�Ak¼Qq¼AnSoT®½ABM³¦MB�«ºBµAn,kA³T{Aj

pA»�¼Çw°yhÇM³Ç�SwA»¦«B�ÇUºnB¢³«Bp°n�½oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n/41©¼½±Ç¢M³ÇÇ�Sv¼�BÇÇ�¥ÇǼ§j­¼ªÇǵ°kpBw»ÇÇ«¬C¬BL�BhÇÇ«j±ÇÇiAn¬CºAqÇÇ]A©µAn¬B¼MºjApC°S{Am£kµA±io¼YÑBU»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°noM,oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n

/jo�kµA±iS½±�Uk®µA±hºo¼¼�UoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nnj Ak�¼µ�½B�°S¼µB«³°ÀiA³/42kǵA±ÇiS«°B�Ç«³ÇM»UB�¼¦LU°ºnB\UºBµjB¯oMAoMnjoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n°jo�

/jo�kµA±i��e©µAnj±i�¼UAo�«j°jApCºB��°SiAjoQ,»Tv½n°oÇURBÇ«Ak�Ao¼�)»��A°©½Ao]³BM³M��A±«pAºnB¼vMnjBT§°j/43³M°³�«B]pAS½Bªe©wA³M°(SoT®½Anj²o¼�°³BTwoQjAsRÀªe,»�Ao£±n±Q

/k®®�»«oT¦¼�AnoL½BwºBµ³Bwn,ÀiA��e©wA�½³MoL½BwºBµ³Bwnnj³½±w°j°¥MB�T«y®�A°°y®�B½¥«B�U»£s½°/44ºnB¢³«Bp°n°k®½±£»«»£³½±w°j¬C³M³�SwA²k{¥½kLU©�BeS«o�°K§B�

SwA¬Ck�B�»T®w/Sv¼K�Bh«nB¼TiAnj³BwnBM­T�o£�BLUnA¬B«p,»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nnj/45K�Bh«��A°nj°SwAK�Bh«nB¼TiAnj­T�o£�BLUnA¬B«poL½BwºBµ³BwnnjB«A

/jo¼£»«tBªUoL½Bw³BwnBMkµA±hM³�S�°oµ/oUy¼M³°SwA»UB�À�A³�«B]ºAq]ApA»�½���oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n/46

/jnAk»UB�À�A³�«B]BM»Ak®a¥MB�T«³�MAnoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n��A°njkA±U»«,k{BM³T{Aj»woTwj©µSoT®½A³M°³T{AjoU±¼P«B��½³�oµ¬±a/47,²kÇ{nAj³{kÇiºnB¢³«BÇp°nºBǵjnAkBTwA,k®�Swnj ÀM°�½j±iºAoM³T�o£Rk{»�±~i©½oe��°³T�B½yµB�RB�À�ASd�°nBLiA³MjBªT�A

/SwA³M,RB�À�Aº±\Tv]³M,²joTv£xp±«C³M»T®wºB®�«njºnB¢³«Bp°n/48RÀ«BÇU��Ç�Bµ ÀM°»§°/jnAjpB¼ BµjAk½°n¤BL�njR°B��°S�jnjºk®ªA±U

/S�o£²BLT{A»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°nBMAnBµ¬Ck½BL°k®Tvµ»~h{

Page 20: روزنامه نگاري سنتي و روزنامه نگاري سايبر در جامعه اطلاعاتي آثار فن آوري هاي نوين ارتباطي بر آزادي بيان

171.///ºnB¢³«Bp°n°»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n 29°28¶nBª{»�BªT]A ±¦�³«B®¦~�.170

J°�¼d«njAn²o¼�°³«Bp°n,¬±½q½±¦U¬±a»½Bµ³BwnºA±Td«ÓB�o�o£A/49³Ç�AoÇa©¼TÇvµoL½BÇwºnB¢³«BÇp°nKeB�¿BÇe©¼½±Ç¢M©¼ÇÇA±U»ªÇÇ ,©½n°B¼ÇÇM/j±{»«k¼§±U°xnAq£,³T{±j±i|BiºBµ»£s½°BM³z¼ªµoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n³Ç ,�oÇM³Ç ,jnAkj±]°�½p±Uo�pA»¦�z«_¼µoL½BwºBµ³BwnºAoM/50BM³½oz¤BwnAS�Bw©¼�®U¥�z«³°»½B½nj°»®¼«p³¼¦�¥½Bw°j±Lª�³,¬AnBM

Sv¼bo�« Ak�_¼µ,»½A±µ�±�inB¢³«Bp°n­¼M³�SwA­½AoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nºB½Aq«°Bµ»£s½°pA»�½/51²oa�BLUnA³¼L{ºj°keBU��A°nj°jnAkj±]°»«±w³�wA°,°AK�Bh«°oL½Bw/SwAj±]±«­¼�o�ºAoM³�d§³M³�d§n±�MSwo�uQ¬B�«A³�Aoa,SwA²oa³Mnj°»BÇ]ºB¼Ç�Ao�Ç]�½oL½BÇwºnB¢³«BÇp°nnjK�BhÇ«ºB¼Ç�Ao�Ç]/52

/SwA»¦d«ºB¼�Ao�]�½»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n�½p±UjAkT«A¬A±®�³Mj±i³¼§°AnBT�npA»T®wºBµ³«Bp°nºBµS½BwJ°/53ºA±Td«k¼§±U°¥�Tv«³½o½odU¥¼�zU¤BLj³M°S�o£k®µA±i³¦�B�,»QBa³hv

/k«Ck®µA±ioM»QBa³hvpA¥�Tv«°²s½°³ÇM»MB¼Twj¬B�«A»®T«Ao�²rA°/SwAoL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nºB½Aq«pA­T«Ao�/54¬±TÇ«³Ç�SwA­Ç½A­TÇ«AoÇ� ±�Ç«/jpBw»«©µAo�An²rA°¬C³M�±Mo«K§B�« BªU°k®Tvµ¥~T«o¢½k�½³M,»T®wºnB¢³«Bp°n�ÀioM,oL½BwºBµ³Bwn¬B]nj

/k®�»«�ª�BµjAk½°npAoU³LB]³ªµ�nj³M­½A,�½sÇUAoTÇwAº¿BÇ��½³MBXªÇMRB�ÀÇ�A, ±ÇwZ±«³M ±w±«ºAnC�L�/55An­Ç�°n©Ç�ekÇA±U»«oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°nuQ/SwA¬nk«�«A±]³�od«n±U±«

/k®�B�½ARB�À�A­½Axjo£°yioaºAoM»�BLÇUnAºB§kÇ«pA/SwA³TÇ{Aj³�oÇ��½»T§BepB�CpA»�ª]RB�BLUnA/56

¤Be/kA²j±M³�o��½»½B B½o]³ªµ°³ªµ»½°jB]ºBµ³§±¦£³½o�BUn±½°°¬±B{�½p±Unj²k®Two�¥X«³�SwA¤B��o£S�nBz«�½²ko¼£,oL½BwºBµ³Bwnnj³�C

/�¼UAo�«j�BLUnA»®�½­½A°jnAjS�o{RB�À�A¬AnB¢³«Bp°n³MB�o�¬BL�Bh«ºBµpB¼³M¬jAjgwBQ,oL½BwºBµ³Bwnnj/57nj©µ¬BL�Bh«³M�¼UB«±UA»½±¢hwBQºAoMBT½Bw»v½±³«BoM,Sv¼»�T«oL½BwoL½BÇwºBµ³BÇwn»£³½±w°jZ°A,­½Ao½B®M°jo¼£»«²k�oMAn»½Bµy�¬B¼«­½A

/SwA�BLUnAk®½Co�nj­¼{B«°¬BvA�½B�°�¼�¦U/jAjkǵA±Çi|B~TiAj±i³MAnºnB¢³«Bp°n²k®½C,oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°n/58nj[½An�Lw,¬BA±]/k®TvµyµB�³M°n¤Bw³M¤Bw,Jo�njBµ³«Bp°n¬B£k®A±iºoLÇiºB B«pBwoÇ£A°kÇA²kÇ{ nqÇM­½ÀC¬±akk®vQ»ªo¢½jAnBµ³«Bp°njo«ºB{±£°BªzapA²k®½Cnj,k®®�²jB�TwAoL½BwºBµ³BwnºB½Aq«pAk®A±T

/k{k®µA±i°od«,j±Çz¥¼Ç�zU¬AoǽAnjoL½BÇwºnB¢³«BÇp°nxp±Ç«CºAoÇMºq�oÇ«oÇÇ£A/59/jBT�Ak®µA±iK��¬nk«ºnB¢³«Bp°n»B]R¿±dUpA»Ao½A¬AnB¢³«Bp°n

ºnB¢³«Bp°n»½À�o~�³BTwCnj¬±®�A¬B],oL½BwºnB¢³«Bp°np°oMBM/60ºAnCtBÇwAoÇMSwA²joÇ� ÀÇ�ARB�±L�Ç«»½B�½oÇ«A±T¼TÇÇvA,SwA³T�oÇÇ£nAoÇÇ��w±ÇUBµ³BÇwnºA±TdÇ«kÇ�nj²B\®ÇQ²k®Ç½C³Çµjnj,Bµ³BÇwn²p±e¬B½Ao£²k®½C

/k{kµA±ik¼§±U,­½ÀC¬BL�Bh«¬B¼Ç«pABǵ¬CpAºA²kªÇ�yhÇM³�SwA­½ABµ³½±£­½A¶nBMnj³]±U¥MB�³T�²p±Çenj»¦¦Çª§A­¼ÇMRAno�Ç«°jB®ÇwA­¼ÇMpA°¬BwB®{nBÇ�,BµS¼~hÇ{RAnB�A�±�±Ç«­Ç½ApA¬B£k®ÇµjgwBÇQ°kÇA²kÇ{ZAohTÇwA»UB�ÀÇ�A·�«B]°RB�BLUnA

/kA²j±M�À�A»M