प्रथमः पाठः - नोट-(छात्र स्वयं करें।) - JB Publishing House -

ØeLece: hee":

1Jevovee

(Prayer)

pÙeesefle heg_pe-51

veesš–(Úe$e mJeÙeb keâjW~)

ceewefKekeâ

efueefKele

efvecveefueefKele ØeMveeW kesâ Gòej oerefpeSGòej (keâ)

(Ke)

(ie)

(Ie)

(*)

efvecveefueefKele mJejeW Deewj JÙe_peveeW keâes Deueie-Deueie keâjkesâ efueefKeS

Gòej mJej JÙe_peveDee ledF ÛedG Úd$e+= uedS šd

efvecveefueefKele keâes peesÌ[keâj efueefKeS–(keâ) efÛe (Ke) ueg (ie) #e(Ie) šes (*) les (Ûe) ße(Ú) Kees (pe) hetâ (Pe) $e(_e) %e

–– mebmke=âle JeCe&ceeuee kesâ JeCeeX keâes leerve YeeieeW ceW yeeBše ieÙee nw~ Gvekesâ veece nQ–mJej, JÙe_peve leLee DeÙeesieJeen~

mebbmke=âle JeCe&ceeuee ceW mJejeW keâer mebKÙee nw~ pees efvecve Øekeâej mes nw–De, Dee, F, F&, G, T, $e+ $e+=, ue=, S, Ss, Dees, Deew~JÙebpeveeW keâes GÛÛeejCe keâer Âef<š mes leerve YeeieeW ceW efJeYeeefpele efkeâÙee ieÙee nw~ Fvekesâ veece nQ– mheMe&, Devle:mLeleLee G<ce JÙebpeve~

keâ Jeie& kedâ Ked ied Ied *d

Ûe Jeie& Ûed Úd ped Ped _ed

š Jeie& šd "d [d {d Cedle Jeie& led Led od Oed vedhe Jeie& hed heâ yed Yed cedmJejeW keâe ØeÙeesie peye JÙebpeveeW kesâ meeLe efkeâÙee peelee nw lees mJejeW keâe ¤he yeoue peelee nw~ Gvekesâ cetue mJe¤he kesâefueS kegâÚ efÛendveeW keâe ØeÙeesie efkeâÙee peelee nw~ FvneR efÛendveeW keâes ‘cee$ee' keânles nQ~

–De led Ûed F Úd G $e+ ued S šd

–

Ûed F ued G kedâ <ešd Dees led S Med jKed Dees heä T led jped _e

13

+ = + = + =

+ = + = + =

+ = + = + =

+ =

®

®

®

®

®

1.

2.

Demesvš pÙeesefle hegÀe-5

efÉleerÙe: hee":

2mebmke=âle JeCe&ceeuee

(Sanskrit Alphabet)

DeYÙeemekeâC"er

3.

4.

5.

6.

efvecveefueefKele mebÙegkeäle JÙe_peveeW kesâ leerve-leerve Meyo efueefKeS–#ecee #eef$eÙe: #es$eced $eÙe: ef$eMetue: ef$eJeCe&:%eeveced %eefhle: %eeleced ßece: ßeefcekeâ: ßeer:

Skeâ heo ceW Gòej efueefKeS–(keâ) Gòej (Dees<" JeCe&:)(Ke) (leeueg JeCe&:)(ie) (keâC"-leeueg JeCe&:)efvecveefueefKele keâes kebâ"mLe keâerefpeS–

GòejkeâC" JeCe&: leLee leeueg JeCe&: kesâ Meyo efueefKeS–

Gòej keâC" JeCe&: leeueg JeCe&:keâškeâ: Ùeceefvekeâeiepe: Ûe›eâcedIeCš: Úefo:Keefuuekeâe F&ef<ekeâeDe#eesš: Me›eâpeele:efJemeie&: Fvõ<ekeâ:DeeÛÚejer pekegâš:

#e $e%e ße

‘he' keâewve-mee mheMe& Jeie& nw? –‘Ûe' keâewve-mee mheMe& nw?‘Ss' keâewve-mee mheMe& Jeie& nw?

– (Úe$e mJeÙeb keâjW~)

–

= =

= =

le=leerÙe: hee":

3Dekeâejevle hegefuueÁ meb%ee Meyo

(Nouns-Ending– , Maculine Gender)De

efnvoer DevegJeeoDeeoceer efJeÅeeLeea, mewefvekeâMesj IeesÌ[e neLeerceesj keâyetlej leeslee

Gòej

efÛe$eeW kesâ veece mebmke=âle ceW efueefKeS–Gòej MJeeve: MeMekeâ: G<š^:

metÙe&: keâekeâ: yekeâ:efkeâvneR heeBÛe heef#eÙeeW kesâ veece mebmke=âle ceW efueefKeS–

Gòej (keâ) nbme: (Ke) ceÙetj: (ie) Megkeâ:(Ie) Ûeškeâe (*) keâheesle:efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW keâes mebmke=âle ceW efueefKeS–(keâ) JÙeeIeÇ: (Ke) MeMekeâ: (ie) keâekeâ:(Ie) ce=ie: (*) ëe=ieeue: (Ûe) Je=<eYe:

vej: , Úe$e mewefvekeâ: ,eEmen , DeMJe: , iepe: ,ceÙetj: , keâheesle: , Megkeâ:


–

–

yeeIe KejieesMe keâewDeeefnjCe ieeroÌ[ yewue

= = =

= = =

= = =

ceewefKekeâ

efueefKele

1.

2.

3.

DeYÙeemekeâC"er

pÙeesefle heg_pe-5 2

4.

5.

efvecveefueefKele leLÙeeW kesâ DeeOeej hej mebmke=âle ceW veece efueefKeS–Gòej (keâ) celmÙe: (Ke) cesIe: (ie) Megkeâ:

(Ie) eEmen: (*) ceÙetj: (Ûe) G<š^:efoS ieS MeyoeW kesâ efueS mener mebmke=âle Meyo ÛegefveS–

Gòej efhekeâ: cet<ekeâ: keâekeâ: Je=<eYe:

–

– (keâ) (Ke) (ie) (Ie)(iv) (i) (iii) (ii)

ÛelegLe&: hee":

4Deekeâejevle m$eerefueÁ meb%ee Meyo

(Nouns-Ending– , Feminine Gender)Dee

efnvoer DevegJeeocekeäKeer veekeâ efÛeefÌ[ÙeeyeefieÙee DeBiet"er keâueerm$eer ieo&ve veeJe

Gòej

efÛe$eeW kesâ veece mebmke=âle ceW efueefKeS–Gòej leguee Depee Jeeefškeâe

veeefmekeâe keâefuekeâe ceeueeefpendJee veewkeâe ceefnueeGefÛele MeyoeW mes efjkeäle mLeeve YeefjS–hegefuueÁ m$eerefueÁ hegefuueÁ m$eerefueÁ

DeOÙeeefhekeâeefMeef#ekeâe Je=æ:DeMJee yeeuee

cet<ekeâ: megle:keâesefkeâue: Depeem$eerefueÁ Deewj hegefuueÁ Meyo he=Lekedâ-he=Lekedâ efueefKeS–

Gòej ceef#ekeâe jcee uelee veeefmekeâeefye[eue: Megkeâ: keâheesle: yeeuekeâ:

efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW keâes mebmke=âle ceW efueefKeS–otJee& veeefmekeâe YegpeeYeeÙee& keâLee efpendJee

efoS ieS MeyoeW kesâ efueS mebmke=âle Meyo ÛegefveS–Gòej–

ceef#ekeâe veeefmekeâe ÛeškeâeJeeefškeâe cegefõkeâe keâefuekeâeceefnuee «eerJee veewkeâe


–

Úe$e: Úe$ee DeOÙeehekeâ:efMe#ekeâ: Je=æeDeMJe: yeeue:

cetef<ekeâe megleekeâesefkeâuee Depe:

efye[eue:, ceef#ekeâe, Megkeâ:, jcee, leguee, veeefmekeâe, keâheesle:, yeeuekeâ:– m$eerefueÁ

hegefuueÁ

otye veekeâ yeeBnhelveer keâneveer peerYe

(keâ) Decyee (Ke) Jeeefškeâe(ie) keâeje (Ie) cegefõkeâe(*) YeeÙee&

= = =

= = =

= = =

= = =

= = =

ceewefKekeâ

efueefKele

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

(iii) (i)

(iv) (iii)

(i)

DeYÙeemekeâC"er


he_Ûece: hee":

5Dekeâejevle vehegbmekeâefueÁ meb%ee Meyo

(Nouns-Ending– , Neuter Gender)Deefnvoer DevegJeeo

pebieue Deece hegmlekeâkeâceue heòee kebâieveieWo heefnÙee DeeBKe

Gòej

efÛe$eeW kesâ veece mebmke=âle ceW efueefKeS–Gòej ceewÛeced ves$eced ®hÙekeâced

veejÁced ceesokeâced Ú$ecedMeer<e&ced õe#eeheâueced ie=ncedefvecveefueefKele MeyoeW keâes mebmke=âle ceW efueefKeS–(keâ) ieerleced (Ke) keâeÙe&ced (ie) he=<"ced(Ie) Jem$eced (*) efce$eced (Ûe) veejÁcedefkeâvneR heeBÛe heâueeW kesâ veece mebmke=âle ceW efueefKeS–

Gòej ceewÛeced veejÁced mesJeheâueced õe#eeheâueced yeojerheâuecedefvecveefueefKele MeyoeW keâe efceueeve keâerefpeS–

Meer<e&cedDeew<eOecedkeâvogkeâcedhee$ecedheg<hecedefÛe$ecedÉejced

efueÁeW kesâ Devegmeej MeyoeW keâes efueefKeS–

Gòej hegefuueÁ m$eerefueÁ vehegbmekeâefueÁ

cesIe: efMe<Ùee cegKevej: keâ#ee hegmlekeâcedMeMekeâ: veeefmekeâe Mejerjcedceerve: cegefõkeâe DevvecedefvecveefueefKele MeyoeW kesâ Megæ ¤he efueefKeS–

efMe#ekeâ: hejer#ee otJee&Mejerjced cetuÙeced keâ¿Ceced

Jeveced Deeceüced hegmlekeâcedkeâceueced he$eced keâ¿Cecedkeâvogkeâced Ûe›eâced ves$eced


–

ieevee keâece heer"keâheÌ[e oesmle mebleje

–

efmejoJeeieWoyele&vehetâuelemJeerjojJeepee

Ú$eced, Úe$ee, yeeue:, cesIe:, cegKeced, vej:, efMe<Ùee, MeMekeâ:, ceerve:, Devveced, Mejerjced, keâ#ee, hegmlekeâced, veeefmekeâe, cegefõkeâe–

yeeue: Úe$ee Ú$eced

Meer#ekeâ: heefj#ee ogJee&mejerjced cetueÙeced kebâkeâveced

= = =

= = =

= = =

= = =

= = =

ceewefKekeâ

efueefKele

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

DeYÙeemekeâC"er


he_Ûece: hee":

6Dekeâejevle hegefuueÁ meb%ee–SkeâJeÛeve, efÉJeÛeve, yengJeÛeve

(Ending– –Nouns of the Masculine Gender-Singular, Dual, Plural)De

efnvoer DevegJeeoSkeâJeÛeve fÉJeÛeve yengJeÛeve

Skeâ nbme oes nbme Deveskeâ (leerve) nbmeSkeâ Deeoceer oes Deeoceer Deveskeâ (leerve) DeeoceerSkeâ yeboj oes yeboj Deveskeâ (leerve) yeboj

Gòej

efÛe$eeW kesâ veece mebmke=âle ceW efueefKeS–Gòej celmÙeew cet<ekeâ: Jeeveje:

Keieew veje: ceÙetj:Jeevej: iepee: Úe$eewefvecveefueefKele MeyoeW keâes JeÛeve kesâ Devegmeej ÚeBefšS–

Je=<eYe:, Je=æ:, Ûevõ:, yeepe:keâCeez, ketâceez, ceC[tkeâew, YekeäleewMeMekeâe:, mewefvekeâe:, nbmee:, ke=â<ekeâe:

GefÛele MeyoeW mes efjkeäle mLeeve YeefjS–SkeâJeÛeve efÉJeÛeve yengJeÛeve

(keâ) ceÙetjew ceÙetje:(Ke) keâekeâew keâekeâe:(ie) eEmenew eEmene:(Ie) iepeew iepee:(*) osJeew osJee:mebmke=âle ceW efueefKeS–

Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)(*)FvnW Ùeeo jefKeS–

Gòej

enbme: nbmeew nbmee:vej: vejew veje:Jeevej: Jeevejew Jeeveje:


–

Je=<eYe:, MeMekeâe:, mewefvekeâe:, Je=æ:, nbmee:, Ûevõ:, yeepe:, ke=â<ekeâe:, keâCeez, ketâceez, ceC[tkeâew, YekeäleewSkeâJeÛeveefÉJeÛeveyengJeÛeve

ceÙetj:keâekeâ:eEmen:iepe:osJe:

– DeOÙeehekeâe: ieo&Yeewëe=ieeue: ve#e$ee:Je=<eYeew

– öÚe$e mJeÙeb keâjW~)

= = =

= = =

= = =

ceewefKekeâ

efueefKele

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

DeYÙeemekeâC"er


mehlece: hee":

7Deekeâejevle m$eerefueÁ–SkeâJeÛeve, efÉJeÛeve, yengJeÛeve

(Ending– –Nouns of the Feminine Gender-Singular, Dual, Plural)Deeefnvoer DevegJeeo

SkeâJeÛeveced efÉJeÛeveced yengJeÛevecedSkeâ uelee oes uelee Deveskeâ (leerve) ueleeSBSkeâ ceeuee oes ceeuee Deveskeâ (leerve) ceeueeSBSkeâ ceefnuee oes ceefnuee ceefnuee: Deveskeâ (leerve) ceefnueeSB

Gòej

efÛe$eeW kesâ veece mebmke=âle ceW efueefKeS–Gòej keâefuekeâe: Yegpes leguee

veewkeâe ceefnues cegefõkeâe:ueles ceeuee: yeeefuekeâeGefÛele MeyoeW mes efjkeäle mLeeve YeefjS–

SkeâJeÛeve efÉJeÛeve yengJeÛeve(keâ) keâvÙes keâvÙee:(Ke) keâefuekesâ keâeefuekeâe:(ie) yeeefuekesâ yeeefuekeâe:(Ie) efMeef#ekesâ efMeef#ekeâe:(*) ueles uelee:efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW kesâ yengJeÛeve ¤he efueefKeS–

efMe<Ùee: uesefKekeâe: Jesefokeâe:meglee: ÙeeefÛekeâe: Depee:

mebmke=âle ceW efueefKeS–cegefõkeâe: keâLesDecyee: ceefnuesDeMJee

efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW kesâ hegefuueÁ ¤he Gmeer JeÛeve ceW efueefKeS–m$eerefueÁ hegefuueÁ

DeOÙeehekeâe:ieeÙekeâe:Úe$ee:cet<ekeâ:

efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW kesâ efueÁ Deewj JeÛeve efueefKeS–

uelee ueles uelee:ceeuee ceeues ceeuee:ceefnuee ceefnues


–

keâvÙeekeâefuekeâeyeeefuekeâeefMeef#ekeâeuelee

(keâ) efMe<Ùee (Ke) uesefKekeâe (ie) Jesefokeâe(Ie) meglee (*) ÙeeefÛekeâe (Ûe) Depee

(keâ) yengle meejer DeBietef"ÙeeB (Ke) oes keâneefveÙeeB(ie) keâF& ceeleeSB (Ie) oes DeewjleW(*) Skeâ IeesÌ[er

(keâ) DeOÙeeefhekeâe:(Ke) ieeefÙekeâe:(ie) Úe$ee:(Ie) cetef<ekeâe

meglee, uesefKekeâe:, cetef<ekesâ, efMeef#ekeâe:

= = =

= = =

= = =

ceewefKekeâ

efueefKele

1.

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6.

DeYÙeemekeâC"er


Meyo efueÁ JeÛeve

meglee m$eerefueÁ SkeâJeÛevecetef<ekesâ m$eerefueÁ efÉJeÛeveefMeef#ekeâe: m$eerefueÁ yengJeÛeve

FvnW Ùeeo jefKeS–Gòej

uesefKekeâe: m$eerefueÁ yengJeÛeve

– (Úe$e mJeÙeb keâjW~)7.

De<šce: hee":

8Dekeâejevle vehegbmekeâefueÁ–SkeâJeÛeve, efÉJeÛeve, yengJeÛeve

(Ending– –Nouns of the Neuter Gender-Singular, Dual, Plural)De

efnvoer DevegJeeoSkeâJeÛeveced efÉJeÛeveced yengJeÛeveced

Skeâ ieWo oes ieWoW leerve Ùee DeefOekeâ ieWoWSkeâ PeeWheÌ[er oes PeeWheefÌ[ÙeeB leerve Ùee DeefOekeâ PeeWheefÌ[ÙeeBSkeâ hetâue oes hetâue leerve Ùee DeefOekeâ hetâue

Gòej

efÛe$eeW kesâ veece mebmke=âle ceW efueefKeS–Gòej ®hÙekeâced keâvogkeâeefve Deeceüs

keâceues efÛe$eeefCe hegmlekeâcedefvecveefueefKele MeyoeW kesâ efnvoer Je Deb«espeer ceW DeLe& efueefKeS–

Meyo efnvoer Deb«espeer(keâ) oes DeeBKeW(Ke) hesš(ie) yengle meejs heòes(Ie) yengle meejs Úeles(*) yengle meejs yele&ve(Ûe) lemJeerjefvecveefueefKele keâes mebmke=âle ceW efueefKeS–

Gòej (keâ (Ke) (ie)(Ie) (*)GefÛele MeyoeW mes efjkeäle mLeeveeW keâes YeefjS–SkeâJeÛeve efÉJeÛeve yengJeÛeve

keâoueerheâues keâoueerheâeefveves$es ves$eeefCekeâvogkesâ keâvogkeâeefve

keâvogkeâced keâvogkesâ keâvogkeâeefveGšpeced Gšpes Gšpeeefveheg<Heced heg<hes heg<heeefCe


–

ves$esGojcedhe$eeefCeÚ$eeefCehee$eeefCeefÛe$eced

– ) DeeceüeefCe YeJeveeefve YekeäleewDeMJee: JeeÅeeefve

ie=nced ie=ns ie=neefCekeâoueerheâuecedves$ecedkeâvogkeâced

= = =

= = =

= = =

ceewefKekeâ

efueefKele

1.

2.

3.

4.

two eyes

stomach

many leaves

many umbrellas

many pots

photograph

DeYÙeemekeâC"er


YeJevecedÚ$eced

veje: vejeefjieeCeced cenuee:keâvogkeâced YeJeCeced

SkeâJeÛeve DeOÙeehekeâe: DeOÙeehekeâ: DeOÙeehekesâ he$eeefCeefÉJeÛeve keâesefkeâuee: keâesefkeâuee efce$esyengJeÛeve cesIes Depee keâceues


YeJeves YeJeveeefveÚ$es Ú$eeefCe

efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW kesâ Megæ ¤he efueefKeS–DeMegæ Megæ DeMegæ Megæ

(keâ) Jeeveje: (Ie) veje:(Ke) ieeveced (*) ceefnuee:(ie) keâvogkeâced (Ûe) YeJevecedefoS ieS MeyoeW kesâ mener ¤he SkeâJeÛeve ceW efueefKeS–

hegefuueÁ m$eerefueÁ vehegbmekeâefueÁJeÛeve DeMegæ Megæ DeMegæ Megæ DeMegæ Megæ

DeOÙeeefhekesâ he$ecedkeâesefkeâueew keâesefkeâues efce$escesIee: Depee: keâceueeefve

FvnW Ùeeo jefKeS–Gòej

5.

6.

7.

veJece: hee":

9hegefuueÁ meJe&veece Meyo

(Pronouns of the Masculine Gender)

efnvoer DevegJeeoSkeâJeÛeveced (Ùen keâewve nw?) (Ùen keâewve nw?) (Jen keâewve nw?)

(Ùen yeeuekeâ nw~) (Ùen he#eer nw~) (Jen mewefvekeâ nw~)efÉJeÛeveced (Ùes oes keâewve nQ?) (Ùes oes keâewve nQ?) (Jes oes keâewve nQ?)

(Ùes oes yeeuekeâ nQ~) (Ùes oes he#eer nQ~) (Jes oes mewefvekeâ nQ~)yengJeÛeveced (Ùes meye keâewve nQ?) (Ùes meye keâewve nQ?) (Jes meye keâewve nQ?)

(Ùes meye yeeuekeâ nQ~) (Ùes meye he#eer nQ~) (Jes meye mewefvekeâ nQ~)

Gòej

GefÛele MeyoeW mes efjkeäle mLeeveeW keâer hete|le keâerefpeS–keâ: Deefmle? DeÙeb keâ: S<e:

S<e: eEmen: meefvle Fces Keiee:mebmke=âle ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–

Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)(*)

– Úe$e mJeÙeb keâjW~

DeÙeb yeeuekeâ: Deefmle~ S<e: ? Keie:~keâ:? me: ~ Fces kesâ ? meefvle~

– me: keâ: Deefmle? S<e: eEmen: Deefmle~Fceew keâew mle:? Fceew Jeevejew mle:~les kesâ meefvle?

ceewefKekeâ

efueefKele

1.

2.

DeYÙeemekeâC"er


3.

4.

efnvoer ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–Gòej (keâ) (Ke)

(ie) (Ie)hegefuueÁ meJe&veece kesâ GefÛele ¤heeW mes leeefuekeâe keâes YeefjS–

hegefuueÁ meJe&veece SkeâJeÛeve efÉJeÛeve yengJeÛeve(keâ) me: leew les(Ke) S<e: Sleew Sles(ie) keâ: keâew kesâ

– Ùen he#eer nw~ Ùen keâÚgDee nw~Ùes oes keâewve nQ? Jes efÛeefÌ[ÙeeB nQ~

leledSleledefkeâced

oMece: hee":

10m$eerefueÁ meJe&veece Meyo

(Pronouns of the Feminine Gender)

efnvoer DevegJeeoSkeâJeÛeveced (Ùen keâewve nw?) (Ùen keâewve nw?) (Jen keâewve nw?)

(Ùen ueÌ[keâer nw~) (Ùen ceefnuee nw~) (Jen Úe$ee nw~)efÉJeÛeveced (Ùes oes keâewve nQ?) (Ùes oes keâewve nQ?) (Jes oes keâewve nQ?)

(Ùes oes ueÌ[efkeâÙeeB nQ~) (Ùes oes ceefnueeSB nQ?) (Jes oes Úe$eeSB nQ~)yengJeÛeve (Ùes meye keâewve nQ?) (Ùes meye keâewve nQ?) (Ùes oes keâewve nQ?)

(Ùes meye ueÌ[efkeâÙeeB nQ~) (Ùes meye ceefnueeSB nQ~) (Jes meye Úe$eeSB nQ~)

Gòej

GefÛele MeyoeW mes efjkeäle mLeeve YeefjS–keâe FÙeb mee veewkeâe kesâ Sles

kesâ yeeefuekesâ Slee: Slee: lee: keâe: keâefuekeâe:mebmke=âle ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–(keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)(*)efnvoer ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–(keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)(*)Fvekeâe efceueeve keâerefpeS–

meeMeeKee:Jeeokeâewles


FÙeb ? ceefnuee~ keâe Deefmle? mee Deefmle~ Sles ? yeeefuekesâ~les ? les ~ keâe? cegefõkeâe:~ ? lee: ~

mee yeeefuekeâe keâe Deefmle? lee: ieeefÙekeâe: meefvle~mee keâeje Deefmle~ Sles peeefuekesâ mle:~Fcee: cetef<ekeâe: meefvle~

Jes meye keâewve nQ? Ùes meye ueÌ[efkeâÙeeB nQ~Ùes oes keâewve nQ? Jes meye ieeefÙekeâeSB nQ~Ùes oes yekeâefjÙeeB nQ~

keâeFcee:Sleewkesâ

ceewefKekeâ

efueefKele

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2.

3.

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DeYÙeemekeâC"er


DeÙecedFÙeced

S<e: leewFceew me:Sles Fces

keâe kesâ keâe:mee lesDeÙeced Fceewme:

Sles Slee:keâ:

Sles


Úe$e:Úe$ee

meceeve JeÛeve Jeeues m$eerefueÁ ¤he efueefKeS–hegefuueÁ m$eerefueÁ hegefuueÁ m$eerefueÁ

(keâ) S<ee (Ke) les(ie) Fces (Ie) mee(*) Slee: (Ûe) Fcee:GefÛele meJe&veeceeW mes efjkeäle mLeeve YeefjS–

SkeâJeÛeve efÉJeÛeve yengJeÛeve(keâ)(Ke) lee:(ie) Fces(Ie) leew les(*) S<ee(Ûe) keâew kesâ(Ú) S<e: SleewFvnW Ùeeo keâerefpeS–

Gòej

5.

6.

7.

SkeâeoMe: hee":

11vehebgmekeâefueÁ meJe&veece Meyo

(Pronouns of the Neuter Gender)

efnvoer DevegJeeoSkeâJeÛeveced (Ùen keäÙee nw?) (Ùen hetâue nw~)

(Ùen keäÙee nw?) (Ùen heâue nw~)(Ùen keäÙee nw?) (Ùen ieWo nw~)

efÉJeÛeveced (Ùes oes keäÙee nQ?) (Ùes oes hetâue nQ~)(Ùes oes keäÙee nQ?) (Ùes oes heâue nQ~)(Jes oes keäÙee nQ?) (Ùes oes ieWo nQ~)

yengJeÛeveced (Ùes meye keäÙee nQ?) (Ùes meye heòes nQ~)(Ùes meye keäÙee nQ?) (Ùes meye ue[d[t nQ~)(Jes meye keäÙee nQ?) (Jes meye keâceue nQ~)

Gòej

GefÛele MeyoeW mes efjkeäle mLeeve YeefjS–Fob heg<heced~ Sleled Sleled

Fob efkeâced Deefmle? Fob heg<heced Deefmle~Sleled efkeâced? Sleled heâueced~leled efkeâced? leled keâvogkeâced Deefmle~Fces kesâ? Fces heg<hes~Sles kesâ? Sles heâues~les kesâ mle:? les keâvogkesâ mle:~Fceeefve keâeefve meefvle? Fceeefve he$eeefCe meefvle~Sleeefve keâeefve meefvle? Sleeefve ceesokeâeefve meefvle~leeefve keâeefve? leeefve keâceueeefve~


efkeâced Foced? efkeâced? YeJeveced~

ceewefKekeâ

efueefKele

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DeYÙeemekeâC"er


Fces ? Fces mle:~ les kesâ? ~heešueeefve~ meefvle? keâoeueerheâueeefve

– Ùes Deece nQ~ Ùes keäÙee nQ?Ùen otOe nw~ Jen Éej (ojJeepee) nw~

– leeefve keâvogkeâeefve meefvle~ Sles keâceues mle:~Sleod YeJeveced Deefmle~ Sleeefve Deeceüueeefve meefvle~

DeÙecedFocedleledme:efkeâced

FÙeced, lee:, leew, Fceefve, mles, FocedeEmenew~ DeMJee:~

keâceueeefve~ he$eced~yeeuee~ Úe$ee:~

kesâ mle: Jem$es les efÛe$esmeleeefve keâeefve? Sleeefve leeefve keâeefve leeefve meefvle~efnvoer ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–

Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)mebmke=âle ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–

Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)efÉJeÛeve Deewj yengJeÛeve ¤he efueefKeS–

SkeâJeÛeve efÉJeÛeve yengJeÛeve(keâ) Fceew Fces(Ke) Fces Fceeefve(ie) les leeefve(Ie) leew les(*) kesâ keâeefveefvecveefueefKele meJe&veeceeW mes efjkeäle mLeeve YeefjS–

(keâ) leew (Ie) Sles(Ke) Fceeefve (*) Fob(ie) FÙeb (Ûe) lee:

2.

3.

4.

5.

ÉeoMe: hee":

12ØeLece heg®<e–SkeâJeÛeve

(Third Person-Singular Number)

efnvoer DevegJeeo(Úe$e efueKelee nw~) (efMe<Ùe efueKelee nw~)(yeeuekeâ efueKelee nw~)(Mesj oewÌ[lee nw~) (IeesÌ[e oewÌ[lee nw~)(Jen oewÌ[lee nw~)(Jen Keeleer nw~) (ueÌ[keâer Keeleer nw~)(ceefnuee Keeleer nw~)(Jen keâewve nw?)(Jen neLeer nw~) (neLeer Oeerjs-Oeerjs Ûeuelee nw~)(Jen keâewve nw?) (Jen yeeuekeâ nw~)(yeeuekeâ nBmelee nw~)

Gòej

Úe$e: efueKeefle~ efMe<Ùe: efueKeefle~yeeue: efueKeefle~eEmen: OeeJeefle~ DeMJe: OeeJeefle~me: OeeJeefle~mee Keeoefle~ yeeefuekeâe Keeoefle~ceefnuee Keeoefle~me: keâ: Deefmle?me: iepe: Deefmle~ iepe: cevob-cevob Ûeueefle~me: keâ: Deefmle? me: yeeue: Deefmle~yeeue: nmeefle~

– Úe$e mJeÙeb keâjW~ceewefKekeâ

DeYÙeemekeâC"er


efueefKele

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7.

efÛe$eeW keâes osefKeS leLee efjkeäle mLeeve YeefjS–veceefle iepe&eflee

efheyeefle hee"ÙeefleOeeJeefle Keeoefle

mebmke=âle ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–Gòej (keâ) (Ke)

(ie) (Ie)(*) (Ûe)efnvoer ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–

Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)(*) (Ûe)efvecveefueefKele ef›eâÙeeDeeW keâer OeelegSB efueefKeS–

ef›eâÙeeSB OeelegSB ef›eâÙeeSB OeelegSB(keâ) j#ed (Ke) nmed(ie) he"d (Ie) ketâo&d(*) iepe&d (Ûe) ›eâer[d(Ú) veced (pe) efheyedFvnW megcesefuele keâerefpeS–(keâ) hekeâeleer nw~(Ke) yeesuelee nw~(ie) ieg_peve keâjlee nw~(Ie) iejpelee nw~(*) heerlee nw~efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW keâes Deheves JeekeäÙeeW ceW ØeÙeesie keâerefpeS–(keâ) Jeevej: ketâo&efle~ (Ke) yeeue: efheyeefle~(ie) peve: Jeoefle~ (Ie) Úe$ee veceefle~(*) Yeücej: ieg_peefle~efvecveefueefKele ef›eâÙeeDeeW keâer Oeeleg efueefKeS–

Ûeued he"dKeeod Jeodnmed vecedOeeJed j#ed

Oeeleg

Gòej

yeeue: ~ eEmen: ~vej: ~ DeOÙeehekeâ: ~DeMJe: ~ yeeefuekeâe ~

– Úe$ee veceefle~ Depee Keeoefle~iepe: cevob-cevob Ûeueefle~ me: keâ: Deefmle~ce=ie: OeeJeefle~ Megkeâ: Jeoefle~

– Úe$e heÌ{lee nw~ Jen Ûeuelee nw~yeboj Keelee nw~ Deeoceer nBmelee nw~IeesÌ[e oewÌ[lee nw~ Ûetne Keelee nw~

j#eefle nmeeflehe"efle ketâo&efleiepe&efle ›eâer[efleveceefle efheyeefle

heÛeefleJeoefleieg_peefleiepe&efleefheyeefle

ketâo&efle efheyeefleJeoefle veceefleieg_peefle

Ûeueefle he"efleKeeoefle Jeoeflenmeefle veceefleOeeJeefle j#eefle


(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(i)

(ii)

= =

= =

=


$eÙeesoMe: hee":

13ØeLece heg®<e–efÉJeÛeve

(Third Person-Dual Number)

efnvoer DevegJeeo(oes Úe$e heÌ{les nQ~) (oes yeeuekeâ heÌ{les nQ~)(oes Deeoceer heÌ{les nQ~)(oes yeeuekeâ Kesueles nQ~) (oes efMe<Ùe Kesueles nQ~)(oes Úe$e Kesueles nQ~)(oes ueÌ[efkeâÙeeB yeesueleer nQ~) (oes Úe$eeSB yeesueleer nQ~)(oes ceefnueeSB yeesueleer nQ~)(oes Mesj iejpeles nQ~) (oes Ûeerles iejpeles nQ~)(oes yeeIe iejpeles nQ~)(oes ceefnueeSB hekeâeleer nQ~) (oes ueÌ[efkeâÙeeB hekeâeleer nQ~)(oes ceeleeSB hekeâeleer nQ~)

Gòej

efÛe$eeW keâes osefKeS leLee efjkeäle mLeeve YeefjS–Gòej Keeoefle OeeJele:

OeeJeefle OeeJele:Jeoefle Jeole:


(ie) (Ie)(*)efnvoer ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–

Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)(*)keâes<"keâ ceW oer ieF& OeelegDeeW kesâ GefÛele ¤he yeveekeâj efjkeäle mLeeve YeefjS–(keâ) OeeJeefle (Ie) he"efle(Ke) ›eâer[le: (*) ieÛÚle:(ie) Ûeuele: (Ûe) ketâo&le:keâes<"keâ ceW oer ieF& meb%eeDeeW kesâ GefÛele ¤he mes efjkeäle mLeeve YeefjS–(keâ) yeeuekeâ: (Ie) yeeues(Ke) Úe$eew (*) keâheesle:(ie) keâesefkeâue (Ûe) mewefvekeâew

Úe$eew he"le:~ yeeuekeâew he"le:~vejew he"le:~yeeuekeâew ›eâer[le:~ efMe<Ùeew ›eâer[le:~Úe$eew ›eâer[le:~yeeefuekesâ Jeole:~ Úe$es Jeole:~ceefnues Jeole:~eEmenew iepe&le:~ efÛelejew iepe&le:~JÙeeIeÇew iepe&le:~ceefnues heÛele:~ yeeefuekesâ heÛele:~Decyes heÛele:~


– ce=ie: ~ ce=ieew ~DeMJe: ~ DeMJeew ~Megkeâ: ~ Megkeâew ~

– yeeuekeâew ›eâer[le:~ eEmenew OeeJele:~ve=heew Jeole:~ Úe$eew ieÛÚle:~yeeuekeâew he"le:~

– oes IeesÌ[ oewÌ[les nQ~ Jes oes veceve (vecemkeâej) keâjles nQ~oes leesles heerles nQ~ oes Ûetns nQ~oes Mesj iejpeles nQ~

DeMJe: ~ (OeeJed) yeeuekeâ: ~ (he")Megkeâew ~ (›eâer[d) Úe$eew ~ (ieÛÚd)iepeew ~ (Ûeued) Jeevejew ~ (ketâo&d)

Keeoefle~ (yeeuekeâ:) nmele:~ (yeeuee)vecele:~ (Úe$e:) Keeoefle~ (keâheesle:)

s ketâpele:~ (keâesefkeâuee) j#ele:~ (mewefvekeâ:)

ceewefKekeâ

efueefKele

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DeYÙeemekeâC"er


6.

7.

Megæ keâjkesâ efueefKeS–Gòej (keâ) (Ke)

(ie) (Ie)(*)FvnW Ùeeo keâerefpeS–

Gòej

– Úe$eew nmele:~ yeeueew vecele:~Megkeâew Jeole:~ efhekeâew ketâpele:~Yeücejew ieg_pele:~


Ûelego&Me: hee":

14ØeLece heg®<e–yengJeÛeve

(Third Person-Plural Number)

efnvoer DevegJeeo(IeesÌ[s oewÌ[les nQ~) (efnjve oewÌ[les nQ~)(yeeIe oewÌ[les nQ~)(oerhekeâ peueles nQ~) (Úe$e heÌ{les nQ~)(neLeer Ûeueles nQ~)(ceefkeäKeÙeeB GÌ[leer nQ~) (Yeewjs iegbpeve keâjles nQ~)(Jes lewjleer nQ~)(ueÌ[efkeâÙeeB efueKeleer nQ~) (ceefnueeSB hekeâeleer nQ~)(efm$eÙeeB nBmeleer nQ~)(mewefvekeâ j#ee keâjles nQ~) (Ûetns oewÌ[les nQ~)(vej efyeefuueÙeeB heerleer nQ~)

Gòej

efÛe$eeW keâes osefKeS leLee efjkeäle mLeeve YeefjS–Gòej DeMJee: lejefvle

heMÙeefle keâvÙesmewefvekeâew ®iCe:


(ie) (Ie)(*)efnvoer ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–


DeMJee: OeeJeefvle~ ce=iee: OeeJeefvle~JÙeeIeÇe: OeeJeefvle~oerhee: pJeueefvle~ Úe$ee: he"efvle~iepee: Ûeueefvle~ceef#ekeâe: G[d[efvle~ Yeüceje: ieg_peefvle~S<ee: lejefvle~yeeefuekeâe: efueKeefvle~ ceefnuee: heÛeefvle~ueuevee: nmeefvle~mewefvekeâe: j#eefvle~ cet<ekeâe: OeeJeefvle~efJe[euee: efheyeefvle~


– les OeeJeefvle~ veewkeâe: ~eEmen: ~ nmele:~leew j#ele:~ me: Deefmle~

– les kesâ meefvle? efMeJeeveer efueKeefle~DeMJee: Keeoefvle~ Yeüceje: ieg_peefvle~les nmeefvle~

– oerhekeâ peueles nQ~ Jes YeeQjs nQ~YeeQjs iegbpeve keâjles nQ~ mewefvekeâ j#ee keâjlee nw~oes yeeuekeâ heÌ{les nQ~

ceewefKekeâ

efueefKele

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DeYÙeemekeâC"er


4.

5.

GefÛele ¤heeW mes leeefuekeâe hetjer keâerefpeS–Oeeleg SkeâJeÛeve efÉJeÛeve yengJeÛeve

(keâ) ›eâer[le: ›eâer[efvle(Ke) veceefle veceefvle(ie) j#eeefle j#ele:(Ie) Kesuele: Kesueefvle(*) Ûeueefle Ûeuele:(Ûe) Jeoefle Jeoefvle(Ú) efheyeefle efheyele:(pe) heÛele: heÛeefvle(Pe) ieg_peefle ieg_peefvle(_e) ieÛÚefle ieÛÚle:keâes<"keâ ceW oer ieF& OeelegDeeW kesâ GefÛele ¤he mes efjkeäle mLeeve YeefjS–(keâ) ketâpeefvle (Ke) mle:?(ie) he"efvle (Ie) meefvle(*) ieg_peefvle

›eâer[d ›eâer[efleveced vecele:j#ed j#eefvleKesued KesueefleÛeued ÛeueefvleJeod Jeole:efheyed efheyeefvleheÛed heÛeefleieg_ped ieg_pele:ieÛÚd ieÛÚefvle

Keiee: ~ leew keâewÚe$ee: ~ les Úe$ee: ~Yeüceje: ~

he_ÛeoMe: hee":

15ceOÙece heg®<e–SkeâJeÛeve

(Second Person-Singular Number)

efnvoer DevegJeeopevekeâ: ........................................................................................................................................... Úe$e: Deefme~

efheleepeveveer ................................................................................................................................................. ›eâer[efme~

ceeleemebj#ekeâ

Megkeâ: ...................................................................................................................................................... Deefme~leesleekeâesÙeue

GÛÛeejCe keâerefpeS Deewj DeLe& yeleeFS(keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)(*)

mebmke=âle ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–

–meefÛeve! legce heÌ{les nes Deewj legce efueKeles nes~ legce nesefMeÙeej Úe$e nes~

–efMeJeeveer! legce heÌ{leer nes~ Deewj legce efueKeleer nes~ legce Yeer nesefMeÙeej Úe$ee nes~–efØeÙebkeâe! legce ueÌ[keâer nes~ legce veneR heÌ{leer nes~ legce ncesMee Kesueleer nes~

–keâesÙeue legce ceOegj ketâkeâleer nes (yeesueleer nes)~ ÙeÅeefhe legce keâeueer nes~ efheâj Yeer legce efØeÙe he#eer nes~–leeslee! legce ceOegj yeesueles nes~ legce njs jbie kesâ nes~ legce mebgoj he#eer nes~

–

Glkeâ<e&! legce heÌ{les nes~ legce nesefMeÙeej Úe$e nes~Dee|helee! legce ueÌ[keâer nes~ legce ncesMee Kesueleer nes~leeslee! legce ceOegj yeesueles nes~

ceewefKekeâ

efueefKele

1.

DeYÙeemekeâC"er


Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)(*) (Ûe)(Ú)efjkeäle mLeeveeW keâer hete|le keâerefpeS–

Gòej lJeb ieÛÚefleyeeue: leewlJeb ›eâer[efmeles Ûelegj: Úe$e:

efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW keâer mebmke=âle efueefKeS–pevekeâ: MÙeece:efhekeâ: Megkeâ:Ûelegj: Deefhe

efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW keâes Deheves JeekeäÙeeW ceW ØeÙeesie keâerefpeS–(keâ) efhekeâ: (Ke) Kesueefme(ie) leew (Ie) veceefvle(*) kesâ (Ûe) meoe(Ú) Keie:keâes<"keâ ceW oer ieF& OeelegDeeW kesâ GefÛele ¤he Éeje efjkeäle mLeeveeW keâer hete|le keâerefpeS–

Gòej he"efme heÛeefmeefueKeeefme ›eâer[efmeJeoeefme j#eefmeKeeoefme ketâo&efmeveceefme efheyeefme

FvnW Ùeeo keâerefpeS–Gòej

– lJeb he"efme~ lJeb ›eâer[efme~yeeuekeâew efueKele:~ oerhekeâ: OeeJeefle~MJeevee: yegkeäkeâefvle~ MeesYee Ûelegje Deefmle~Megkeâ: nefjleJeCe&mÙe YeJeefle~

– (keâ) veceefme~ (Ke) me: ~he"efle~ ieÛÚle:~

nmeefme~ efoJÙes! De$e ~Ûeueefvle~ lJeb Deefme~

efhelee keâeueekeâesÙeue leesleenesefMeÙeej Yeer

efhekeâ: ceOegjb ketâpeefle~ Kesueefme lJeb De$e ~leew hee"b he"le:~ veceefvle les yeeuekeâe: ~kesâ le$e ›eâer[efvle? meoe lJeb ›eâer[efme~Keie: DeekeâeMes G[d[Ùeefle~

– (keâ) lJeb ~ (Ûe) lJeb ~(Ke) lJeb ~ (Ú) lJeb ~(ie) lJeb ~ (pe) lJeb ~(Ie) lJeb ~ (Pe) lJeb ~(*) lJeb ~ (_e) lJeb ~


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<ees[Me: hee":

16ceOÙece heg®<e–efÉJeÛeve

(Second Person-Dual Number)

efnvoer DevegJeeoDeeJeeb ..................................................................................................................................................... ooeJe:~DevegJeeo

DeeJeeb .............................................................................................................................................. ve ieÛÚeJe:~DevegJeeo

–nce oesveeW efJeÅegle Ùeb$e nQ~ yeeFË lejheâ jseføeâpejsšj nw~ oeFË lejheâ šsueerefJepeve nw~ jseføeâpejsšj, šer0 Jeer0 nce oesveeW legcnejsIej ceW jnles nQ~ nce oesveeW ›eâceMe: yehe&â Deewj ceveesjbpeve osles nQ~

–nce hewj nQ~ nce Mejerj keâe Yeej {esles nQ~ peye ceveg<Ùe peeves keâer FÛÚe keâjlee nw leye nce Ûeueles nQ~ keäÙee legce efyevee hewjeW kesâpeeles nes? veneR, nce hewjeW kesâ efyevee veneR peeles nQ~


osefMekeâe .............................................................................................................................................. ieÛÚeJe:~DevegJeeo

DeMJeew .............................................................................................................................................. ®iCeew mJe:~DevegJeeo oes IeesÌ[s oes yewue

oes IeesÌ[s oes yewueoes IeesÌ[s oes yewue

Gòej

efvecveefueefKele ØeMveeW kesâ Gòej mebmke=âle ceW oerefpeS–Gòej (keâ) (Ke)

(ie) (Ie)Skeâ heo ceW Gòej efueefKeS–

Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW keâes Deheves JeekeäÙeeW ceW ØeÙeesie keâerefpeS–

Gòej (keâ) YeeJe:(Ke) he"Le:(ie) ieÛÚeJe:(Ie) DeeJeebmebmke=âle ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–

Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)(*)efnvoer ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–

Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)(*)efvecveefueefKele JeekeäÙeeW keâes Megæ keâerefpeS–


–osefMekeâe Deewj Devegpe YeeF&-yenve nQ~ yenve osefMekeâe yeÌ[er nw~ Jen yeesueleer nw–nce oesveeW iebiee mveeve keâjles nQ~ legce oesveeWkeâneB peeles nes? Deewj oes otmejs–nce oesveeW Yeer iebiee mveeve keâjles nQ~ keäÙee legce oesveeW JeneB peeles nes? neB, nce oesveeW JeneB peeles nQ~

– – legce oesveeW keâneB peeles nes? – nce oesveeW Kesle keâes peeles nQ~– keäÙee legce oesveeW kegâMeue nes? – neB, nce oesveeW kegâMeue nQ~– keäÙee, legce oesveeW kegâMeue nes? – nce oesveeW yeerceej nQ~


– DeeJeeb heeoeYÙeeb efJevee ve ÛeueeJe:~ DevegpemÙe Yeefieveer osefMekeâe Deefmle~Ùeoe ceeveJe: ieceveeÙe FÛÚefle leoe heeoew Ûeuele:~ osefMekeâe iebieemveeveeÙe ieÛÚefle~

– otjJeer#Ùeced~ leeheefveje&henCeced~heeoew~ DevepemÙe Yeefieveer~

– YeeJe: leJe ceveefme keâ: Deefmle?he"Le: eEkeâ ÙegJeeb ie=ns ?ieÛÚeJe: DeeJeeb efJeÅeeueÙeb ~DeeJeeced Øeefleefoveb Øeele:keâeues YeüceCeeÙe ieÛÚeJe:~

– DeeJeeb JeoeJe:~ ÙegJeeb JeoLe:~DeeJeeb ›eâer[eJe:~ ÙegJeeb ›eâer[Le:~ÙegJeeb ieÛÚLe:~

– nce oesveeW hewjeW mes Ûeueles nQ~ legce oesveeW neLe mes efueKeles nes~legce oesveeW JeneB Ûeueles nes~ nce oesveeW kegâMeue nQ~legce oesveeW yeerceej nes~

– lJeced Deefhe efueKeefme~ me: ve nmeefle~ÙegJeeb ceOegjb JeoLe:~ leew meoe Kesuele:~ÙegJeeb ve KeeoLe:~

ceewefKekeâ

efueefKele

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DeYÙeemekeâC"er


mehleoMe: hee":

17ceOÙece heg®<e–yengJeÛeve

(Second Person-Dual Number)

efnvoer DevegJeeomeefÛeve: ............................................................................................................................................. Jeerje: mLe~meefÛeve yeesuelee nwefMeef#ekeâeefMeJeeveer ..................................................................................................................................... osMeYekeälee: mLe~efMeJeeveerveeÙekeâ

Gòej

efjkeäle mLeeveeW keâer hete|le keâerefpeS–Gòej (keâ) efueKeLe: (Ke) ÙetÙeb

(ie) osMeYekeälee: (Ie) Jeerj: Deefmemebmke=âle ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–

Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)(*)efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW keâes Deheves JeekeäÙeeW ceW ØeÙeesie keâerefpeS–

Gòej (keâ) ÙetÙeb(Ke) mekeâuee:(ie) JemeLe(Ie) j#eLe:(*) Jemeefme(Ûe) lJeb(Ú) Deefme(pe) mLe:efnvoer ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–



–jece! legce Kesueles nes~ MÙeece! legce Kesueles nes~ mebpeÙe! legce Yeer Kesueles nes~ legce meye Kesueles nes~–vejsMe! legce Jeerj nes~ censMe! legce Jeerj nes~ ieCesMe! legce Yeer Jeerj nes~ legce meYeer Jeerj nes~

–efJeYee! legce JeneB jnleer nes~ MegYee! legce JeneB jnleer nes~ efÛe$ee! legce Yeer JeneB jnleer~ legce meye ueÌ[efkeâÙeeB JeneB jnleer nes~–mewefvekeâes! legce meye Jeerj nes~ legce Deeies peeDees~ legce osMe keâer j#ee keâjes~ legce meye osMeYekeäle nes~


– ÙegJeeb ~ nmeLe~ÙetÙeb mLe~ lJeb ~

– ÙetÙeb efueKeLe~ ÙegJeeb efkeâceLeË jesoLe:?ÙegJeeb ve KeeoLe:~ me: De$e he"efle~lJeb veceefme~

– ÙetÙeced efJeÅeeueÙeb ieÛÚLe~mekeâuee: ÙetÙeb osMeYekeälee: mLe~JemeLe ÙetÙeb kegâ$e ?j#eLe: ÙegJeeb yeeuekebâ ~Jemeefme lJeb De$e ~lJeced osJeeueÙeb ieÛÚefme~Deefme lJeb he"ves Ûelegj: ~mLe: ÙegJeeb Jeerjew ~

– mewefvekeâ Deeies peelee nw~ Jen osMe keâer j#ee keâjlee nw~ieCesMe! legce keâneB jnles nes? legce meye ncesMee nBmeles nes~legce meye keâYeer veneR heÌ{les nes~

– lJeb efce$eced Deefme~ ÙetÙeb ieerleb ieeÙeLe~ÙetÙeb eEkeâ KeeoLe? ÙegJeeb ceesokeâeefve KeeoLe:~ÙegJeeb efJeÅeeueÙeb ieÛÚLe:~

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efveoxMeevegmeej Oeeleg ¤he efueefKeS–Oeeleg heg®<e JeÛeve ef›eâÙeeheo

mLe:ieÛÚeefveefueKeLemeefvleheMÙeefmeYeüceefle

FvnW Ùeeo keâerefpeS–Gòej

Demed ceOÙece efÉJeÛeveieced ceOÙece SkeâJeÛeveefueKed ceOÙece yengJeÛeveDemed ØeLece yengJeÛeveÂMed ceOÙece SkeâJeÛeveYeüced ØeLece SkeâJeÛeve


De<šoMe: hee":

18Gòece heg®<e–SkeâJeÛeve

(First Person-Singular Number)

efnvoer DevegJeeoDeef#elee ........................................................................................................................................ mveeveb keâjesefce~DevegJeeo

ØeJesMe: ................................................................................................................................................... heÛeefme~DevegJeeo

me: ........................................................................................................................................................ Ûejeefce~DevegJeeo Jen yeesuelee nw

jece yeesuelee nw

Gòej


(ie) (Ie)mebmke=âle ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–

Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)(*) (Ûe)(Ú) (pe)

–Deef#elee efueKeleer nw~ legce keäÙee keâjles nes? ceQ Yeer efueKelee ntB~ ceQ ie=nkeâeÙe& efueKelee ntB~ ØeefleYee megyen JÙeeÙeece keâjleer nw~keäÙee legce megyen JÙeeÙeece keâjles nes? neB, ceQ megyen JÙeeÙeece keâjlee ntB~ ceQ megyen metÙe& vecemkeâej keâjlee ntB~ ceQ megyen veneJelee ntB~

–ØeJesMe vecemkeâej keâjlee nw~ keäÙee legce F&MJej keâes vecemkeâej keâjles nes? neB, ceQ F&MJej keâes vecemkeâej keâjlee ntB~ ceQ F&MJejkeâes hetpelee ntB~ legce iegg® keâes vecemkeâej keâjles nes~ ceelee Yeespeve (Keevee) hekeâeleer nw~ keäÙee legce Yeespeve hekeâeles nes? veneR, ceQ YeespeveveneR hekeâeleer ntB~ ceQ Yeespeve Keeleer ntB~ kesâJeue legce Yeespeve hekeâeleer nes~

– –ceQ melÙe yeesuelee ntB~ ceQ Oece& keâe DeeÛejCe keâjlee ntB~ keäÙee legce meÛe yeesueles nes? keäÙee legce Oece& keâeDeeÛejCe keâjles nes?

–Jen DemelÙe (Pet") yeesuelee nw DeLeJee legce DemelÙe yeesueles nes~ ceQ veneR peevelee ntB~ ceQ kesâJeue Oece& keâe DeeÛejCekeâjlee ntB~


– Deeced, Denb mveeveb keâjesefce~ veefn, Denb Yeespeveb ve heÛeeefce~Deeced, Denb Yeespeveb Keoeefce~ Deeced, Denced F&Meb veceeefce~

– Denb ieg®b veceeefce~ Denced Deefmce~eEkeâ lJeced Deefme? lJeb ie=nb ieÛÚefme~lJeced DemJemLe: Deefme~ heg<heeefCe efJekeâmeefvle~lJeb ve ›eâer[efme~ Denb mJemLe: Deefmce~

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efnvoer ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–Gòej (keâ) (Ke)

(ie) (Ie)(*) (Ûe)(Ú) (pe)efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW keâes Deheves JeekeäÙeeW ceW ØeÙeesie keâerefpeS–

Gòej (keâ) Denb(Ke) lJeb(ie) he"efme(Ie) nmeefme?(*) mJemLe:Skeâ heo ceW Gòej oerefpeS–

Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)FvnW Ùeeo keâerefpeS–

Gòej

– legce nes~ keäÙee legce Keeles nes?ceQ mveeve keâjlee/keâjleer ntB~ ceQ he$e efueKelee ntB~ceQ veneR Kesuelee ntB~ legce ncesMee Kesueles Les~ceQ Úe$ee ntB~ ceQ jespe heÌ{lee/heÌ{leer ntB~

– Denced mveeveeÙe mejesJejs ieÛÚeefce~lJeced eEkeâ Yeespeveb heÛeeefme?he"efme lJeb hegmlekebâ ~nmeefme lJeb efkeâceLeËmJemLe: Denb Deefmce~

– efueKeefle~ efueKeeefce~ØeefleYee~ ØeJesMe:~


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veJeoMe: hee":

19Gòece heg®<e–efÉJeÛeve

(First Person-Dual Number)

efnvoer DevegJeeokeâew ............................................................................................................................................. SJe ieÛÚeJe:~

DevegJeeo

meefÛeve efØeÙebkeâemeefÛeve jesnCeØeleer#ee jesnCe

ßesÙee .................................................................................................................................................... ÛejeJe:~ßesÙee Deewj ØesÙee

IeesÌ[eyekeâje

Gòej


(ie) (Ie)(*)

–nce oesveeW keâewve nQ? nce oesveeW Úe$e nQ~ nce oesveeW hee" heÌ{les nQ~ nce oesveeW keäÙee nQ? nce oesveeW Úe$ee nQ~ nce oesveeW uesKeefueKeleer nQ~

–ceQ Úe$e ntB~ ceQ heÌ{lee ntB~ –ceQ Úe$ee ntB~ ceQ Yeer heÌ{leer ntB~–yeÇndce nce oesveeW heÌ{les nQ Deewj Kesueles nQ~ –ßesÙee! JeneB GlmeJe nw~ ceQ JeneB peelee ntB~–ceQ Yeer JeneB peeleer ntB~ –neB, nce oesveeW meeLe ner peeles nQ~

–nce oesveeW ueÌ[efkeâÙeeB nQ~ nce oesveeW heÌ{leer nQ~ nce oesveeW Yeer Kesueleer nQ~–legce veneR Ûejles nes~ ceQ Ûejlee ntB~–legce Yeer Ûejles nes~ ceQ Yeer Ûejlee ntB~ nce oesveeW Ûejles nQ~


– DeeJeeb Úe$eew mJe:~ meefÛeve: Øeele: he"efle~DeMJe: Ûejefle~ Deeced, De$e GlmeJe: Deefmle~efØeÙebkeâe he"efle~

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efjkeäle mLeeveeW keâer hete|le keâerefpeS–Gòej (keâ) Úe$ee (Ke) he"eJe:

(ie) Denced (Ie) DeeJeeb(*) le$emebmke=âle ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–

Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)(*) (Ûe)efnvoer ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–

Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)(*) (*)efvecveefueefKele MeyoeW keâes Deheves JeekeäÙeeW ceW ØeÙeesie keâerefpeS–

Gòej (keâ) DeeJeeb(Ke) KesueeJe:(ie) ieÛÚeefce(Ie) mJe:(*) DeefmceefvecveefueefKele ef›eâÙeeDeeW keâes Megæ keâjkesâ efueefKeS–

Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)(*)FvnW Ùeeo keâerefpeS–

Gòej

– Denb Deefmce~ yeÇÿe, DeeJeeb ›eâer[eJe: Ûe~Deefhe le$e ieÛÚeefce~ uesKeew efueKeeJe:~

ßesÙes! GlmeJe: Deefmle~

– DeeJeeb he"eJe:~ DeeJeeb le$e ieÛÚeJe:~DeeJeeced De$e JemeeJe:~ le$e GlmeJe: Deefmle~DeeJeeb JeoeJe:~ DeeJeeb ›eâer[eJe:~

– ceQ peelee ntB~ legce efkeâmeeve nes~nce oesveeW peeles nQ~ DehetCee& Deewj DeemLee Kesueleer nw~nce oesveeW efkeâmeeve nQ~ ceQ Yeer efkeâmeeve ntB~

– DeeJeeced hee"b he"eJe:~KesueeJe: DeeJeeb ›eâer[e#es$es ~ieÛÚeefce Denb YeüceCeeÙe ~mJe: DeeJeeb Úe$es ~Deefmce Denced Deefhe mJemLe: ~

– Denb yeeue: Deefmce~ lJeb kegâ$e ieÛÚefme?DeeJeeb eEkeâ heMÙeeJe:? me: ceesnjÙeevesve efJeÅeeueÙeb ieÛÚefle~DeeJeeb osJesYÙe: veceeJe:~


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eEJeMeefle: hee":

20Gòece heg®<e–yengJeÛeve

(First Person-Plural Number)

efnvoer DevegJeeoefJepeÙe ............................................................................................................................................. he"ece: Ûe~DevegJeeoefJepeÙeefovesMe Deewj ieewjJeefJepeÙeefJeÅee ............................................................................................................................................... JeÙeb meoe~

DevegJeeoefJeÅeejsKee Deewj jsvet

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–ceQ Úe$e ntB~–nce oesveeW Úe$e nQ~

–nce meYeer Úe$e nQ~ nce Deeheme ceW yeesueles nQ~ nce hejmhej Kesueles nQ~ Deewj nce Skeâ meeLe ner heÌ{les nQ~

–

–ceQ Úe$ee ntB~–nce oesveeW Úe$eeSB nQ~


efJeÅee

Depe: .................................................................................................................................................. Ûejece:~yekeâjeIeesÌ[eyewueGBâš

Gòej

efjkeäle mLeeveeW keâer hete|le keâerefpeS–Gòej (keâ) Yepeefle~ (Ie) ieÛÚle: (Ú) pevee:

(Ke) efueKeefme (*) ÙegJeeb (pe) De$e KeeoLe(ie) he"eefce (Ûe) De$e he"eJe: (Pe) JeÙeb osMebmebmke=âle ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–

Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)(*) (Ú)efnvoer ceW DevegJeeo keâerefpeS–


Gòej (keâ) (Ke)(ie) (Ie)(*)keâes<"keâ ceW oer ieF& Oeeleg kesâ GefÛele ¤he Éeje efjkeäle mLeeve YeefjS–

Gòej (keâ) Deefmce (Ke) ieÛÚeJe:(ie) ve=lÙeefvle (Ie) efheyeece:(*) KeeoLeFvnW Ùeeo keâerefpeS–

Gòej

–nce meYeer Úe$eeSB nQ~ nce meYeer meeLe heÌ{leer nQ~ nce meye meeLe ner efueKeleer nQ~ nce meeLe ner Kesueleer nQ~ ueÌ[kesâ DeewjueÌ[efkeâÙeeB ieeleer nQ~ nce ncesMee Kesueleer nQ, nce efceuekeâj heÌ{leer nQ~ Deewj nce peesj mes nBmeleer nQ~ FmeefueS nce ncesMee mJemLe nQ~

–legce Yeer Ûejles nes~ ceQ Yeer Ûejlee ntB~–neB, nce oesveeW Ûejles nQ~

–legce oesveeW Ûejles nes~ ceQ Yeer Ûejlee ntB~ nce meye Ûejles nQ~–legce meye Yeer Ûejles nes~ ceQ Yeer Ûejlee ntB~ nce meye ner Ûejles nQ~


– me: leew yeeueew ~ Yeüceefvle~lJeb ~ kegâ$e ieÛÚLe:? ÙetÙeced ~Denb ~ DeeJeeced ~ j#eece:~

– JeÙeb Jeerje: mce:~ JeÙeb he=<"s ieÛÚece:~Denb Ûejeefce~ ÙegJeeced Deefhe ÛejLe:~JeÙeb Ûejece:~ mewefvekeâe: j#eefvle~

– nce meye ncesMee heÌ{les nQ~ nce Kesueles nQ~ceQ ieesheeue ntB~ nce oesveeW yeeuekeâ nQ~nce meye YeejleerÙe nQ~

– JeÙeb nmeece:~ JeÙeb ieÛÚece:~lJeb he"efme~ les he"efvle~JeÙeb he"ece:~

– Denb Jeerj: ~ DeeJeeced Deefhe ~les ~ JeÙeb ~ÙetÙeb ve ~


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