Yun Yeon-Sook Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Center KIRAMS , Seoul, Korea
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Yun Yeon-SookRadiological and Medical Sciences Research Center KI
RAMS, Seoul, Korea
Syndrome Dose(cGy) Pathology Response Death time
Bone Marrow 100infection,
hemorrhagesurvivalprobable
3 weeks to2 month
Gastrointestinal 500depletion of
intestinal epithelium
survivalpossible
3 days to2 weeks
Central Nervous system 2000 edema
survivalimpossible
within 2 days
Acute Radiation Syndromes in Man after Whole-Body Irradiation
10 15 20 25 5 00
20
40
60
80
100
Time (Days)
Nor
mal
ized
to p
re-ir
radi
atio
n va
lue
(%)
GranulocytesPlateletsErythrocytesLymphocytes
Peripheral blood counts of ratsfollowing 500cGy whole-body irradiation
(Casarett, 1968)
We screened radioprotective immunostimulators from 70 medicinal plants which have been used in chinese medicine.
Ginsan
Ginseng Polysaccharide :
Gins + -an
Polysaccharide composed with(1 6)-Glucopyranoside and(2 6)-Fructofuranoside
OCH2 CH2
OOH
H
H
OH
H
OHO
OCH2 CH2
OOH
H
H
OH
H
OH
OCH2 CH2
OOH
H
H
OH
H
OH
OO
H
H
HO
HOH OH
H
O
H
OH
H
HO
HOH OH
H
O
H
OH
H
HO
HOH OH
H
O
H
control rad 100 2000
25
50
75
dose of Ginsan (mg/kg)
No.
of
colo
nies
/1 x
105 B
M c
ells
Effect of Ginsan on the formation of GM-CFU 5 days after sublethal irradiation
Irradiated
Non-irradiated control PBS 100mg/kg
Ginsan 200mg/kg
Ginsan WBCs x 103/L
3.463 0.236
0.368 0.052
0.711 0.047*
0.847 0.066*
Neutrophils x 103/L 0.367 0.043 0.0511 0.010 0.292 0.062* 0.259 0.092+
Lymphocytes x 103/L 2.975 0.259 0.254 0.041 0.410 0.046+ 0.468 0.033+
RBCs x 106/L 8.565 0.121 7.554 0.136 7.602 0.053 7.416 0.086
Platelets x 103/L 585.0 39.0 173.6 11.2 332.1 26.0* 433.0 14.8*
Results represent the mean SE of 10 mice per group(irradiated) and 6 mice per group(nonirradiated control). * P<0.001 increase versus PBS. + P<0.05 increase versus PBS.
Effect of Ginsan on the Peripheral blood hematology of mice 9 days after irradiation
0102030405060708090
100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Radiation dose(Gy)
Perc
ent S
urvi
val a
t 30
Day
s
LD50/30 =7.46PBS treated
LD50/30 =10.76Ginsan treated
Survival enhancing effect of Ginsan- Measurement of DRF (dose reducing factor)
Antisepticemic activity of Ginsan on the S. aureus peritoneal sepsis challenge
0102030405060708090
Cont. 0.01 0.025 0.05 0.25
Dose of Ginsan(mg/kg)
Perc
ent o
f sur
viva
l
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Cont. 10 25 50 250 500
Dose of Ginsan(mg/kg)
Perc
ent o
f sur
viva
l
intraveneous injection oral intubation
*P<0.05
Mea
n Lu
ng S
core
Days Post-Virus Exposure
B
BB
B
J
J
J
J
H
H
HH
F F F
F
?
N
N
N
0 3 6 90
1
2
3
4
*
*
*
*
*
B Ginsan (200mg/kg)x4
J Ginsan (100mg/kg) x4
H Ginsan (50mg/kg) x4
F Ribavirin (75mg/kg) x10
N Saline
Effect of Ginsan treatment on lung consolidation scores in influenza A(H3N2) virus-infected mice
GinsanCt
-actin
IL-2
GM-CSF
IFN-
TNF-
IL-12
3 6 24h
IL-4
IL-10
IL-1
IL-5
3 6 24h
Generation of activated killer cells and increase of cytokine production by Ginsan
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
10 :1 30 :1 100 :1
E/T ratio
% c
ytot
oxic
ity
SC
OK432Ginsan
lentinan
Inhibitory effect of Ginsan on the experimental metastasis of B16-F10 melanoma
Agents
PBS
Ginsan
Inhibition of B16-F10 melanoma
counts % inhibition
533
278
-
44.2
PBS-control
Ginsan
• Generation and/or differentiation of SC • Cytokine production
Action Mechanism of Ginsan
B cellCell
expansion
Blastogenesis
IL-6GM-CSF
AK cell
Tumor
IL-1IL-12IL-15
IL-2IFN
Antitumor effect
IFNIFN
NK cellT cell
Ginsan
Macrophage
IL-3IL-6
TNFNO/O2
-
Mono/Gra Lym
Plt
BM
RBC
MRSA, VRSA
Bactericidal effect
Hematopoisis
• Mitogenic activity• Killer cell generation • Cytokine production
(Due to macrophage-derived toxic material production)
Ginsan
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