WW2

Quick Facts:A. War Costs

1. US Debt 1940 - $9 billionUS Debt 1945 - $98 billion

• The war cost $330 billion -- 10 times the cost of WWI & as much as all previous federal spending since 1776

Quick FactsB. Human Costs

Quick Facts:

B. Human Costs1. 50 million people died

(compared to 15 million in WWI)

• 21.3 million Russians (7.7 million civilians)

• 11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST(6 million Jews + 5 million others)

When?

1939

Sept.1 - Germany invades Poland (official start to the war)

Sept. 3 -Britain &

France declare war on

Germany

Dec. 7 – Japan

bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters the

War

1941

May - Germans Surrende

r

Sept. - Atomic

Bombing of

Hiroshima &

Nagasaki,

Japanese Surrende

r

1945

•1939-1945

•US involvement 1941-1945

Who?

Allies Axis

Great Britain

France(note: France surrendered to

Germany in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting)

United States

Russia

GermanyItaly

Japan

(major powers)

(major powers)

• “He who wants to live must fight, and he who does not want to fight in this world, where eternal struggle is the law of life, has no right to exist.”

» Mein Kampf (My Struggle)» Adolf Hitler

The Rise of Dictators

• Ruthless people rose to power in the 1920’s and 1930’s

• Some Europeans resented terms of Treaty of Versailles– Germans had to take full responsibility of WWI– Pay billions of dollars in reparation to allies– Disarm completely– Give up all overseas colonies and some territory in

Europe– Carved up Austro-Hungarian and Russian Empires

to create several European countries (borders were later disputed)

– League of Nations was part of the Treaty

The Players

• Germany –• Italy – • Japan-• Soviet Union –• United States –

Germany – Adolf Hitler-Nazism

Adolf Hitler

Italy – Benito Mussolini-Fascism

Japan- Emperor Hirohito-Constitutional Monarchy

Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin –Communism

United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt

-Democracy

• Hitler's Rise to Power

• Established totalitarian rule– A single party and its leader suppress all

opposition and control all aspects of people’s lives

• Believed Germans had a right to expand its territory, needed lebensraum -living space

• Rebuilt Germany’s military- going against the treaty

• Made an alliance with Italy to support his expansion plans

Benito Mussolini

Italy

• Benito Mussolini – Appealed to those who felt they had not

won enough from the Treaty of Versailles– Made fascism popular in Italy

• Control over a country’s economic and political system

– His fascist party became so strong he forced the king of Italy to declare him ruler of the government

– He banned all political parties but fascism– Ended all democratic rule, no civil liberties

or free press– Children were enrolled in military

organizations, taught loyalty to regime– Began attacking and annexing neighboring

lands, Ethiopia, Albania…withdrew from the League of Nations

Emperor Hirohito

Japan

• Japanese grew frustrated during the depression • Military leaders rose to power in the 1930’s• These leaders thought they could solve Japan’s

problems by expanding their power into Asia• 1931 attacked Manchuria, China• League condemned the act, but took no action• Slowly took over most of China• 1940 signed a pact of alliance with Germany

and Italy to form the “Axis”

• Japan invadesChina

Joseph Stalin

Soviet Union

• Late 1920’s Joseph Stalin rose to power• Communist leader• Demanded complete obedience from his

people• Got his through force• Executed rivals and those thousands

suspected of supporting his rivals• Sent millions to Russian labor camps• Reorganized nations economy, forcing

millions to work on government owned farms

• Joseph Stalin

Franklin D. Roosevelt

The United States of America

• Most Americans wanted to avoid involvement in foreign affairs

• Congress passed Neutrality Acts between 1935 and 1937 – Banned the sale of weapons to nations

at war– Restricted trade to nations on a cash

only basis (WWI debt from European countries remained unpaid)

Hitler Begins

• Rhineland – March 1936 Begins march– German territory west of the Rhine River– Considered a neutral zone by the treaty– German soldiers prohibited in area– France and Britain protested, but did

nothing else

• Sudetenland (area of Czechoslovakia)– Many German speaking people lived here– Falsely claimed these people were being

persecuted– Czechs did not want to be annexed; Britain

& France sought peaceful solution– Leaders of Germany, Italy, France, Great

Britain met in Munich

Sudetenland

The Munich Pact

– Czechs did not want to be annexed; Britain & France sought peaceful solution

– Leaders of Germany, Italy, France, Great Britain met in Munich

– France and Britain wanted to avoid war

– Let Germany have the Sudetenland; appeasement

The Munich Pact

– In return, Germany could not expand farther.

– Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister, cheered

– March, 1939, Germany invaded Czechoslovakia

– World is realizing Hitler cannot be trusted

Munich Pact

Nazi-Soviet Pact

• Germany making plans to invade Poland• Poland bordered Russia• Hitler did not want to anger Stalin, yet.• Both signed Soviet-German Non-

Aggression Pact- August 1939• 2 leaders pledged not to attack each other• Agreed to divide Poland• Pact shocked the world

Nazi-Soviet Pact

War in Europe

Hitler sends Troops to

Poland

Great Britain &France declare

War onGermany

9-1-39 9-3-39

The Attack

• Swift and Fierce• Planes bombed• Machine guns got their targets• Tanks blasted holes in Polish

defenses• Thousands of German soldiers

crossed into Poland

Blitzkrieg

• Lightning War– The German offensive way of fighting– Moving in quickly, forcefully, from all

sides

Battle of Britain:

The “Blitz”

Battle of Britain:

The “Blitz”

Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”

Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”

The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the

Blitz

The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the

Blitz

The Royal Air ForceThe Royal Air Force

The Atlantic CharterThe Atlantic Charter Roosevelt and

Churchill sign treaty of friendship in August 1941.

Solidifies alliance.

Fashioned after Wilson’s 14 Points.

Calls for League of Nations type organization.

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot

Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot

Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941

A date which will live in infamy!

President Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of WarPresident Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of War

USS Arizona, Pearl HarborUSS Arizona, Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor MemorialPearl Harbor Memorial

2,887 Americans Dead!

Operation Barbarossa:Hitler’s Biggest MistakeOperation Barbarossa:

Hitler’s Biggest Mistake

Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941

Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941

3,000,000 German soldiers.

3,400 tanks.

The “Big Three”The “Big Three”

Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin

Axis Powers in 1942Axis Powers in 1942

Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation

Overlord”]

Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation

Overlord”]

D-Day (June 6, 1944)D-Day (June 6, 1944)

Normandy Landing

(June 6, 1944)

Normandy Landing

(June 6, 1944)

Higgins Landing Crafts

German Prisoners

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Crematoria at

Majdanek

Entrance to Auschwitz:

Work Makes You Free

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Slave Labor at Buchenwald

Eli Wiesel

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Mass Graves at Bergen-Belsen

Hitler’s “Secret Weapons”:

Too Little, Too Late!

Hitler’s “Secret Weapons”:

Too Little, Too Late!V-1 Rocket:

“Buzz Bomb”

V-2 Rocket

Werner von Braun

Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945

Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945

The Führer’s Bunker

Cyanide & Pistols

Mr. & Mrs. Hitler

V-E Day (May 8, 1945)V-E Day (May 8, 1945)

General Keitel

V-E Day (May 8, 1945)V-E Day (May 8, 1945)

Potsdam Conference:July, 1945

Potsdam Conference:July, 1945

FDR dead, Churchill out of office as Prime Minister during conference.

Stalin only original. The United States

has the A-bomb. Allies agree Germany

is to be divided into occupation zones

Poland moved around to suit the Soviets.

P.M. Clement President Joseph Atlee Truman Stalin

The Manhattan Project:Los Alamos,

NM

The Manhattan Project:Los Alamos,

NM

Dr. Robert Oppenheimer

I am become death,

the shatterer of worlds!

I am become death,

the shatterer of worlds!

Major GeneralLesley R. Groves

Tinian Island, 1945Tinian Island, 1945

Little Boy Fat ManLittle Boy Fat Man

Enola Gay Crew

Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb

Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb

Hiroshima – August 6, 1945

Hiroshima – August 6, 1945

© 70,000 killed immediately.

© 48,000 buildings.

destroyed.© 100,000s died of

radiation poisoning & cancer later.

The Beginning of theAtomic Age

The Beginning of theAtomic Age

Nagasaki – August 9, 1945

Nagasaki – August 9, 1945

©40,000 killed immediately.

©60,000 injured.©100,000s died of

radiation poisoning& cancer later.

Japanese A-Bomb Survivors

Japanese A-Bomb Survivors

Hiroshima MemorialsHiroshima Memorials

V-J Day (September 2, 1945)

V-J Day (September 2, 1945)

Mus.http://www.grafton.k12.wi.us/highschool/schill/ushistory/WWII%20terms/WWII%20terms_files/frame.htm

Mus.http://www.grafton.k12.wi.us/highschool/schill/ushistory/WWII%20terms/WWII%20terms_files/frame.htm

WW II Casualties: Europe

WW II Casualties: Europe

Each symbol indicates 100,000

dead in the appropriate theater

of operations

WW II Casualties: AsiaWW II Casualties: Asia

Each symbol indicates 100,000

dead in the appropriate theater

of operations

WW II Casualtie

s

WW II Casualtie

s

Country Country Men in war Men in war Battle deaths Battle deaths WoundedWounded

Australia Australia 1,000,000 1,000,000 26,976 26,976 180,864180,864

Austria Austria 800,000 800,000 280,000 280,000 350,117350,117

Belgium Belgium 625,000 625,000 8,460 8,460 55,51355,51311

BrazilBrazil22 40,334 40,334 943 943 4,2224,222

Bulgaria Bulgaria 339,760 339,760 6,671 6,671 21,87821,878

Canada Canada 1,086,3431,086,34377 42,04242,04277 53,14553,145

ChinaChina33 17,250,5217,250,521 1

1,324,516 1,324,516 1,762,0061,762,006

Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia — — 6,6836,68344 8,0178,017

Denmark Denmark — — 4,339 4,339 ——

Finland Finland 500,000 500,000 79,047 79,047 50,00050,000

France France — — 201,568 201,568 400,000400,000

Germany Germany 20,000,0020,000,000 0

3,250,0003,250,00044 7,250,0007,250,000

Greece Greece — — 17,024 17,024 47,29047,290

Hungary Hungary — — 147,435 147,435 89,31389,313

India India 2,393,891 2,393,891 32,121 32,121 64,35464,354

Italy Italy 3,100,000 3,100,000 149,496149,49644 66,71666,716

Japan Japan 9,700,000 9,700,000 1,270,000 1,270,000 140,000140,000

Netherlands Netherlands 280,000 280,000 6,500 6,500 2,8602,860

New Zealand New Zealand 194,000 194,000 11,62511,62544 17,00017,000

Norway Norway 75,000 75,000 2,000 2,000 ——

Poland Poland — — 664,000 664,000 530,000530,000

Romania Romania 650,000650,00055 350,000350,00066 ——

South Africa South Africa 410,056 410,056 2,473 2,473 ——

U.S.S.R. U.S.S.R. — — 6,115,0006,115,00044 14,012,0014,012,0000

United Kingdom United Kingdom 5,896,000 5,896,000 357,116357,11644 369,267369,267

United States United States 16,112,5616,112,566 6

291,557 291,557 670,846670,846

Yugoslavia Yugoslavia 3,741,000 3,741,000 305,000 305,000 425,000425,000

1. Civilians only.2. Army and navy figures.3. Figures cover period

July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. They do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps.

4. Deaths from all causes.5. Against Soviet Russia;

385,847 against Nazi Germany.

6. Against Soviet Russia; 169,822against Nazi Germany.

7. National Defense Ctr., CanadianForces Hq., Director of History.

Massive Human Dislocations

Massive Human Dislocations

The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two Super

powers of the later 20c

The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two Super

powers of the later 20c

The Creation of the U. N.

The Creation of the U. N.

The Nuremberg War Trials:

Crimes Against Humanity

The Nuremberg War Trials:

Crimes Against Humanity

The Emergence of Third World Nationalist

Movements

The Emergence of Third World Nationalist

Movements

The De-Colonization of European Empires

The De-Colonization of European Empires